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You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Summary Despite the efficacy of lasar photocoagulation as the treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy , this condition is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries . In this survey we have tried to find out whether this lack of effectiveness is due to a lack of adequate control and screening . As a proxy measure for this we have developed an indicator called _“Lateness”_ and we have followed a sample of diabetics drawn from the two public hospitals in Vizcaya ( Spain ) . Seventy five percent of them were not at regular intervals and half of the sample was late for treatment . Among these , Insulin dependent diabetics of older age and with more years of the disease are at a higher of entering late for treatment . We could not find any riskfactor lateness among non insulin dependent diabetics . We concluded that most of diabetics are not adequately followed up for the prevention of diabetic retinopalhy , and when they are referred to treatment it is too take the most advantage of it .

blindness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Several US studies have investigated the criminal behaviour among homeless individuals with severe mental illness . But to date , no studies have been carried out in Spain . Method A retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of 118 patients selected from a psychiatric care program for homeless individuals with severe mental illness . Factors associated with criminal behaviour were analysed by comparing 2 groups , with and without criminal records . Results Of the total sample studied , 24 .6% had a criminal record , and 58 .6% of them had entered prison . Significant differences between groups were found for the variables of gender , pending sentences , duration of homelessness , multiple substance use , disease awareness , and severity of psychotic symptoms . Conclusions In the population of homeless individuals with severe mental illness , regardless of gender , the co - existence of comorbidity with multiple substance use , and a prolonged duration of homelessness , is the most important risk factor for criminal behaviour .

severe mental illness severe mental illness severe mental illness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background and objective Functional assessment is especially relevant in patients with cognitive impairment ( CI ) . The Disability Assessment for Dementia ( DAD ) scale assesses functional ability and its use is becoming increasingly popular . This study aims to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the DAD scale in order to create a Spanish version : DAD - E . Patients and method A double translation/back - translation process was developed , as well as a pilot study with 14 caregivers of patients with CI , and 3 review meetings to achieve general agreement . Results The DAD - E includes the 40 original items . Four response options and 8 scores were added in order to detect functional disability induced by CI independently of other possible causes . More detailed instructions for administration and scoring of the scale have been provided in order to improve the reliability of the content . Conclusions The DAD - E was shown to be a cultural and linguistic adaptation equivalent of the original scale , which allows it to be applied to the Spanish population . It may be a useful instrument in clinical practice since it provides a more accurate assessment of functional disability due to cognitive impairment .

cognitive impairment CI CI functional disability CI functional disability cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Background and objective The Dyggve - Melchior - Clausen syndrome is a progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by a short trunk dwarfism , barrel chest , sternal protrusion , kyphoscoliosis , severe platyspondyly , with a central constriction , irregular iliac wings with a lacy appearance , rhizomelic shortening of the limbs , microcephaly , coarse face , and variable mental retardation . This condition is extremely rare and the diagnosis is difficult without any previous experience on it . It is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition , its gene ( DYM ) having been mapped in the 18q12 - 21 .1 chromosomal region . At least 21 different mutations of this gene have been reported . Material and methods We describe an affected Spanish child and include his molecular analysis . We also review the current knowledge on this syndrome . Results The diagnosis of this patient , based on his clinical and radiological features , was later confirmed by analysis of the DYM gene mutations . The patient had two different mutations , one inherited from the mother and the other inherited from the father . Conclusions One of the mutations of this patient ( exon 8 ) is extremely rare and has mostly been reported in patients with Spanish ancestors ( from Chile , Argentina , Guam islands and a French patient with Spanish ancestors ) . These observations , together with that of the patient described here , led us to consider this mutation as having a possible Spanish/Portuguese origin . This condition may be more frequent in Spain than previously thought , especially due to misdiagnosis . This is important in order to undertake quaternary prevention , which is quite necessary for rare syndromes with polysystemic affectation .

variable mental retardation

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Bipolar disorder ( BD ) is associated with significant impairment in social , work , and family functioning , even in euthymic state . This could be explained by a social cognition deficit . Objective To review the findings on social cognition in bipolar patients through its main dimensions , and through the various stages of the illness . _Method : _ We searched the biomedical literature on Medline , OVID , Proquest , and EMBASE for articles matching the MeSH terms “social cognition” , “theory of mind” , “emotion recognition” , “empathy” , and “emotional processing” to “bipolar disorder” , limiting the results to clinical studies with medium/high methodological quality , in Spanish or English and published in the last 20 years , in children and adults . Results We selected 83 items referring to this topic but only 24 specifically assessed social cognition in bipolar population . Most studies showed a deficit in both the phases of relapse as well as in euthymic state . _Discussion : _ From a neurocognitive perspective a number of explanations arise for this cognitive impairment , associated with the existence of subsyndromal affective symptoms . Finally , we review the rehabilitation strategies that could be useful to reverse this deficit that carries important functional implications .

significant impairment in social , work , and family functioning social cognition deficit cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Summary Cranioencephalic traumatism is an important cause of morbidity - mortality between the infant and child population and a frequent cause of acquired disability in this population . In small children , it generally occurs due to falls , being hit by a car or bicycle accidents and in adolescents due to traffic accidents . The most common neurological complications are spacticity , ataxia , tremor and hemiparesis . Speech disorders , principally in form of expression deficits and performance of verbal response , can be observed . Neuropsychological disorders such as attention , memory and concentration deficits are frequent and behavior disorders such as apathy , lack of initiative , emotional lability , depression and aggresivity among others can be associated . In general , there is good motor recovery , however neuropsychological deficits generally persist for a prolonged time . The predictive factors of the functional results are related with the severity of the injury , age of the child and prelesional circumstances . A rehabilitation program aimed at treating both the motor as well as neuropsychological sequels early should be established . In this paper , we approach cranioencephalic traumatism in the child and adolescent globally , analyzing the sequels and their treatment , and giving special attention to the repercussion of them on growth , due to the typical characteristics of age .

ataxia hemiparesis expression deficits Neuropsychological disorders attention , memory and concentration deficits behavior disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective . To analyse of the relationship between burden of illness and coping strategies and the demographic variables of caregivers , and the demographic and clinical variables of people diagnosed with schizophrenia . Methods . Multicentre correlational cross - sectional study including 70 people diagnosed with schizophrenia , or a schizoaffective disorder , and 70 primary informal caregivers . They were evaluated using Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory , Family Coping Strategies Questionnaire , Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms , Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms , and the brief Disability Assessment Scale . Results . Burden of illness positively associated with patient impairment in occupational and social functioning , and negatively with education level . Avoidance , coercion and positive communication were positively associated with impairment in occupational and social functioning of patients . Social interest and friendships showed a positive association with the education level of caregivers . Spiritual assistance negatively correlated with impairment in social functioning and patient age , and resignation was negatively associated with length of the disorder and patient education level . Conclusions . Burden and dysfunctional coping strategies , such as avoidance and coercion , are associated with functional impairment of the patient . These findings suggest the need to provide support to caregivers , adjusted to the functional level of the patient , in order to prevent burden of care .

impairment in occupational and social functioning impairment in occupational and social functioning impairment in social functioning functional impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Clinical depression is a mental disorder that often results in emotion dysregulation . This affective instability is one of the central issues of depression and is observed through a significant number of symptoms and behaviours , including suicide . Emotion dysregulation is a trans - diagnostic dimension that requires psychological intervention to provide skills that help the depressed individual to regulate their negative emotional responses . Currently , there is growing scientific evidence in the literature indicating that positive emotions can buffer against the negative effects of emotion dysregulation in clinical depression through the practice of mindfulness . Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is an intervention for people who are at risk of experiencing depressive relapses . This model of intervention helps participants to develop awareness of their experience in the present time , a reduction of self - judgement , and an increase of acceptance and self - compassion , as well as the self - regulation of their care . The purpose of this article is to review the conceptual model of emotion regulation of depression , based on the practice of mindfulness . The current review explores the role of mindfulness in the emotion regulation of clinical depression , based on the scientific literature available . Based on our research experience and the reports of several other laboratories , we examined the modes of actions and how the practice of mindfulness and positive emotions contribute to the ability for depressed individuals to recover from negative emotions .

mental disorder

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Although involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the skin and gastrointestinal tract has been described in Sandhoff disease , no reports of autonomic changes of the cardiovascular system , such as dysautonomia , have been documented in the literature reviewed . On the other hand , the neurally mediated cardioinhibitory syncope that is refractory to medical management can be treated with pacemakers with closed loop sensors . Materials and methods The case is described of a 42 year - old patient who was diagnosed with Sandhoff disease . Associated to this condition , he presented with dysautonomia with daily episodes of syncope , with no response to medical treatment , which warranted the implant of a pacemaker with a closed loop sensor . The existing literature on this topic was subsequently reviewed . Conclusions Up until now , there have been no reports on the relationship between Sandhoff disease and dysautonomia . In the case of this patient , the deterioration in the quality of life was significant . The use of the closed loop stimulation ( CLS ) algorithm in neurally mediated cardioinhibitory syncope has been shown to reduce the number of syncopes in this type of patient and improve their quality of life .

dysautonomia dysautonomia dysautonomia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is an inflamatory and demyelinative disease which affects central nervous system myelin . The most characteristic clinic in MS is its variability , with signs and symptoms depending on the localitation of the injuries which can appear in all neuroaxis . Today there isn’t a healing therapy in MS . Thats why physiotherapy acquires an important value to maintain and/or improve the patient functional status . Physiotherapist must adapt the treatment to the patient all the time , attending the disturbances which can appear when the disease progress . The most common symptoms , spasticity , weakness , ataxia , fatigue and gait disturbances , will appear in a great number of patients with MS . The physiotherapist role is to reduce these injuries through kynesitherapy and neurological physiotherapy techniques , in order to maintain an acceptable patient's life quality . It has been done a review in these data bases : Medline , Embasse , IME , Cinhal , Cochrane of all publicated articles between 1987 - 2005 with these keywords : multiple sclerosis , physiotherapy , rehabilitation , spasticity , and in books which are related with the theme .

ataxia gait disturbances

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction In patients with severe mental disorders outcome measurement should include symptoms , cognition , functioning and quality of life at least . Shorter and efficient instruments have greater potential for pragmatic and valid clinical utility . Our aim was to develop the Spanish UPSA Brief scale ( Sp - UPSA - Brief ) . Material and methods Naturalistic , 6 - month follow - up , multicentre study . 139 patients with schizophrenia , 57 with bipolar disorder and 31 controls were evaluated using the Sp - UPSA , CGI - S , GAF , and PSP . We conducted a multivariate linear regression model to identify candidate subscales for the Sp - UPSA - Brief . Results The stepwise regression model for patients with schizophrenia showed that communication and transportation Sp - UPSA subscales entered first and second at p < 0 .0001 ( R2 = 0 .88 , model _df_ = 2 , F = 395 .05 ) . In patients with bipolar disorder transportation and communication Sp - UPSA subscales entered first and second at p < 0 .0001 ( R2 = 0 .87 , model df = 2 , F = 132 .32 ) . Cronbach's _alpha_ was 0 .78 in schizophrenia and 0 .64 in bipolar patients . Test - retest was 0 .66 and 0 .64 ( p < 0 .0001 ) respectively . Pearson correlation coefficients between Sp - UPSA and Sp - UPSA - Brief were 0 .93 for schizophrenia and 0 .92 for bipolar patients ( p < 0 .0001 ) . The Sp - UPSA - Brief discriminated between patients and controls . In schizophrenia patients it also discriminated among different levels of illness severity according to CGI - S scores . Conclusion The Sp - UPSA - Brief is an alternate instrument to evaluate functional capacity that is valid and reliable . Having a shorter instrument makes it more feasible to assess functional capacity in patients with severe mental disorders , especially in everyday clinical practice .

severe mental disorders severe mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC ) is one of the most frequent neurocutaneous disorders . Cortical tubers are the most common pathological changes in TSC and they are directly related to the disease's main clinical manifestations : seizures , mental retardation , and autistic behaviour . Objective The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between tuber size and the severity of clinical features in TSC . Material and methods We performed a retrospective study of the clinical and imaging findings from 45 TSC patients ( 22 females and 23 males ) and compared the clinical features with the location , size , and number of the cortical tubers in each patient . Results Four patients had voluminous tubers located in 1 or both cerebral hemispheres . All of these patients had intractable seizures and severe mental retardation ; 3 of these cases also presented with autistic behaviour , despite tubers having been resected in all 4 patients . Thirteen patients had tubers of large - to - average size , and all patients in this group showed intractable seizures and mental retardation . Nine patients who had experienced infantile spasms during the first year of life presented autistic behaviour . Multiple tubers of small to average size were found in 28 patients . In general , this group had seizures that responded well to antiepileptic drugs and a low prevalence of autism . In 3 patients who all presented good seizure control and normal intelligence , single cortical/subcortical tubers were located in the frontal or occipital lobes . Of the total of 45 patients , 13 had cerebellar as well as cerebral tubers ; these were generally present in cases with more severe clinical features . Conclusions Although large tubers are less common than small to medium - sized ones , they are much more likely to be accompanied by severe clinical symptoms ( seizures , mental retardation and autistic behaviour ) , even when the smaller tubers are quite numerous .

mental retardation autistic behaviour severe mental retardation autistic behaviour mental retardation autistic behaviour autism mental retardation autistic behaviour

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Aim To determine the cardiovascular risk factors ( CVRF ) , level of cardiovascular risk ( CVR ) and to analyse the relationship between CVR and quality of life in patients with severe mental illness ( SMI ) . Design of study Cross sectional study . Setting Mental Health Service , Consorci Hospitalari de Vic ( Barcelona ) . Subjects Patients over 18 years diagnosed with SMI . Main measurements Data was collected on , socio - demographic variables , toxic habits , previous pathologies , family history of premature cardiovascular disease , psychiatric diagnoses , physical parameters and laboratory findings . The CVR was determined by the SCORE and REGICOR scales . Quality of life was measured by Euro - QoL and Seville Questionnaires . Results A total of 137 patients with SMI were included ; 64 .9% female , and a mean age 51 .1 years ( SD 12 .9 ) . Major CVRF distribution : 40 .1% smoking , 37 .9% hypertension , 56 .2% dyslipidemia , and 11 .1% diabetes . The criteria for obesity and metabolic syndrome were met by 37 .9% and 48 .4% of the patients , respectively . The average major CVRF was 1 .5 factors . The CVR was high in 4 .6% of the sample by SCORE and in 5 .4% by REGICOR . Neither the patients who accumulated more CVRF or those with high CVR scores showed a worse quality of life . Conclusions The most prevalent CVRF in patients with SMI are smoking and dyslipidemia , with a prevalence that exceeded population - based studies . The subgroup of depressive disorders showed a higher CVR and worse quality of life . No relationships were found between the CVR and the quality of life .

severe mental illness SMI SMI SMI SMI

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract A 31 years old patient with mental retardation develops complete parkinsonism while treated with 300 mg/day of quetiapine and metronidazole . As associated factor , we find an idiosyncratic sensitivity to antipsychotics .

mental retardation

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction In humans and animal models , Alzheimer disease ( AD ) is characterised by accumulation of amyloid - β peptide ( Aβ ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein , neuronal degeneration , and astrocytic gliosis , especially in vulnerable brain regions ( hippocampus and cortex ) . These alterations are associated with cognitive impairment ( loss of memory ) and non - cognitive impairment ( motor impairment ) . The purpose of this study was to identify cell changes ( neurons and glial cells ) and aggregation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the primary motor cortex ( M1 ) in 3xTg - AD mouse models at an intermediate stage of AD . Methods We used female 3xTg - AD mice aged 11 months and compared them to non - transgenic mice of the same age . In both groups , we assessed motor performance ( open field test ) and neuronal damage in M1 using specific markers : BAM10 ( extracellular Aβ aggregates ) , tau 499 ( hyperphosphorylated tau protein ) , GFAP ( astrocytes ) , and Klüver - Barrera staining ( neurons ) . Results Female 3xTg - AD mice in intermediate stages of the disease displayed motor and cellular alterations associated with Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau protein deposition in M1 . Conclusions Patients with AD display signs and symptoms of functional impairment from early stages . According to our results , M1 cell damage in intermediate - stage AD affects motor function , which is linked to progression of the disease .

cognitive impairment loss of memory non - cognitive impairment motor impairment functional impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: The encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor ( NMDAR ) is characterized by the presence of antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of this receptor , resulting in symptoms that are similar to those observed in models of genetic or pharmacologic reduction of NMDARs . Patients are usually young adults , predominantly women , and children who develop , in a sequential manner , rapidly progressive symptoms including psychosis , abnormal movements , autonomic dysfunction , and coma . Epileptic seizures are variable and can occur throughout the course of the disease . The disease is often mistaken as viral encephalitis , primary psychiatric disorders , drug abuse , or neuroleptic malignant syndrome . About 50% of young women have an ovarian teratoma ; in young girls and men the presence of a tumour is infrequent . In some patients , the disease is triggered by herpes simplex encephalitis . The recognition of anti - NMDAR encephalitis is important because , despite its severity , most patients respond to immunotherapy .

abnormal movements autonomic dysfunction primary psychiatric disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Several studies have pointed out the large number of dysarthria cases for people with acquired brain injury . This motor speech disorder includes impairment of respiration , phonation , articulation , resonance or prosody . A global evaluation method is necessary to assessment this complex disorder . The few numbers of different types of test and instrumentation developed for Spanish speakers leads to a partial understanding of the disorder . In order to get a deeper knowledgement of this pathology for Spanish speakers we review in this work the different evaluation procedures : clinic history , interview , perceptual analysis , acoustic analysis and instrumental assessment . These procedures are of great interest since they will contribute to make a more accurate diagnosis and to improve the treatment objectives .

dysarthria motor speech disorder

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract To assess the functional hearing ability of a small child with hearing loss , it is necessary to resort to different indirect tests that can reflect the information being provided by hearing aids , or by exploring what the child is doing with this acoustic information , mainly as regards the abilities in the acquisition and development of language . From the results of this assessment , it can be determined if the adjustment is the best that this child can achieve at that time , or if modifications need to be made to optimise it and thus achieve the best intelligibility of speech in a variety of communication environments and situations .

hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To determine the prospective validity of Test Your Memory ( TYM ) and its sensitivity to change in cognitive state . Methods This longitudinal prospective study followed 71 patients with subjective cognitive symptoms and 48 with mild cognitive impairment for a mean time period of 35 .2 ± 15 months . Subjects did not have dementia or depression at the beginning of follow - up and each participant was given the TYM at least two times . A psychometric threshold was established to determine presence of a cognitive deficit ( z - score ≤ 1 .5 on at least one cognitive domain ) and the Disability Assessment for Dementia scale was used to ensure full functional ability . The criterion for deterioration was a change in the stage on the Global Deterioration Scale . Results Sixty - one patients remained cognitively stable and 58 worsened . There were no differences between them with respect to sex , educational attainment , the initial stage on the GDS , or the score on the first TYM . Subjects who worsened were older than those who did not . The TYM increased an average of 0 .04 points per month in patients who remained stable or improved ( 95% CI , - 0 .01 to 0 .08 ) and decreased an average of 0 .14 points per month in those whose condition worsened ( 95% CI , - 0 .19 to - 0 .09 ) . Subjects with mild cognitive impairment who worsened displayed a sharper loss of TYM points than did subjects with subjective cognitive symptoms . Conclusions While the TYM lacks prospective validity , it is sensitive to changes in cognitive state .

mild cognitive impairment dementia cognitive deficit mild cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Fragile X syndrome is an inherited form of mental retardation with a connective tissue component involving mitral valve prolapse . The most frequent manifestations of fragile X syndrome are learning disability , orofacial morphological alterations and macroorchidism . The usefulness of advanced haemodynamic monitoring for goal - directed therapy is increasingly high during neurosurgical procedures . Non - invasive cardiac output monitoring may be considered as a new alternative for emergency neurosurgical procedures . Our aim was to detect haemodynamic changes in a syndromic fragile X patient , given the usual concomitant presentation of cardiovascular disease , such as mitral valve prolapse and dilated aortic root , in an attempt at obtaining the best intraoperative and postoperative neurological outcomes without worsening cardiovascular function , by means of individualized intra - operative goal directed therapy . This type of non - invasive monitoring allows surgery to proceed without delay and provides excellent information of the haemodynamic status . This syndrome is relevant due to its anaesthetic implications and the paucity of cases published to date .

mental retardation learning disability

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease . In some populations , c .365delG mutation in the _GJB2_ gene represents the most frequent cause of hereditary SNHL . The great diversity of mutations in the _GJB2_ gene worldwide highlights the participation of ethnic background in SNHL . Objective To describe the presence of homozygous c .del35G mutation in the _GJB2_ gene in a Mexican family with SNHL . Materials and methods A Mexican family with SNHL was included in the study . Analysis of the _GJB2_ gene was performed through whole exome sequencing ( WES ) and DNA direct sequencing analysis in all members of the family and in 100 normal controls . Results Affected sibs showed the homozygous c .del35G mutation in the _GJB2_ gene . Parents of the families were heterozygous for the molecular defect and had normal audition . Conclusion We describe a homozygous c .del35G mutation in the _GJB2_ gene through WES analysis , a homozygous mutation with a very low occurrence in Mexican population .

Sensorineural hearing loss SNHL hereditary SNHL SNHL SNHL SNHL

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Case report A case is presented of a 30 - year - old male with ichthyosis , mental retardation , epilepsy and spasticity . Ocular examination showed a best - corrected visual acuity of 0 .5 and bilateral crystalline maculopathy . Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) revealed focal hyperreflective spots and intrafoveal microcystoid spaces . The diagnosis of Sjögren–Larsson syndrome ( SLS ) was made , and confirmed by genetic analysis . Discussion SLS is caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene . A previously unreported novel mutation was identified , c . 681–14T > G . Macular OCT makes it possible to find even funduscopy invisible changes . Its use is important because the OCT features of SLS are specific and , therefore , it can help to diagnose this rare systemic disease .

mental retardation

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract This article describes a study conducted in an Andalusia Community school ( year 2010 - 2011 ) . It studied the influence of cochlear implantation on improving the quality of life of the children who received implants during their early years . The methodological design and results of the study are also presented , in order to find a better solution to improve the life conditions and personal development of children suffering hearing loss , and having a cochlear implant .

hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract People with a learning disability are living longer . This increased longevity brings with it the conditions of older age including dementia . Amongst people in the general population who have dementia there is inadequate pain recognition and treatment . Limited research has been undertaken on the pain management needs of people with a learning disability who have dementia , yet they will experience high levels of physical health needs that will , as a consequence , result in pain . The research study ‘Responding to the Pain needs of People with a Learning Disability and Dementia’ explored the detection , management and understanding of pain amongst a range of professional groups involved in supporting people with a learning disability who have dementia . The study also recorded the experiences and views of some people with a learning disability who had dementia . The dilemmas and obstacles to effective pain management were explored . It was found that the pain experiences and management of people with a learning disability who have dementia mirrored findings in the general population . The research did , however , identify extra and compounding issues in relation to people with a learning disability . Drawing on this research this article outlines recommendations for practitioners and service providers and discusses the key lessons for responding more effectively to pain in people with Down’s syndrome and dementia .

learning disability dementia dementia learning disability dementia learning disability dementia learning disability dementia learning disability dementia learning disability dementia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Because pain is the earliest and most common symptom of morbidity through which people perceive the presence of disease , it is the most frequent cause of medical consultations . Pain poses manifold problems in all fields of medicine and psychiatry . Chronic pain has several etiologies such as psychological and psychiatric disorders .

psychological and psychiatric disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction . Diagnosing and treating autism and child psychoses is very difficult ; these pathologies impact not only the child's life but also the family as a whole . Therefore caution is required when giving a diagnosis with prognostic implications . We use the psychodynamic perspective in order to take into consideration both pathological and healthy diagnostic aspects , and to promote evolutionary potential of each patient . Objective . To determine the inter - rater reliability and to test quantitatively and qualitatively the variables involved in the diagnoses of patients with suspected autism and child psychoses , based upon psychodynamic concepts . Methods . An inter - rater reliability study was carried on , based upon the diagnostic evaluation of videos of patients with suspected autism or child psychoses who attended the diagnostic meeting ( observation session ) at the Instituto de Ortopedia Infantil Roosevelt . Results . Kappa values were obtained , ranging from .24 to .50 , with a reliability force varying from slight to moderate , and κ= .24 for personality organization . This type of diagnosis takes into account both the pathological and healthy aspects which make up personality organization . Finally , limitations and aspects that should be considered in further studies were discussed . Conclusions . The results reinforce the need to evaluate a child with major disorders in an interdisciplinary team , and but a single observer , in order to allow discussion , and debate , and therefore , avoid partial readings of the patient’ s psychological functioning .

autism autism autism

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Summary Eating disorders ( ED ) are significant mental health problems that primarily affect teenagers and young women . Biological , psychological and social factors contribute to their etiology and treatment should consider this . It must be done by interdisciplinary teams in which the experience of working with adolescents and specialization in eating disorders converge , issues that are essential for providing effective interventions . The aim of the second part of this paper is the approach to treatment , medical complications , course and prognosis , and prevention in the clinical setting of ED in young people .

Eating disorders ED mental health problems eating disorders ED

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction There is little information on the limitation of therapeutic effort ( LTE ) in patients admitted to hospital internal medicine units . Objectives To describe the indicated LTE regimens in the departments of internal medicine and the characteristics of the patients who undergo them . Patients and methods An observational , descriptive retrospective study was conducted on 4 hospitals of the Community of Madrid . The study collected demographic and comorbidity data and the LTE orders prescribed for all patients who died during a period of 6 months . Results The study included 382 patients with a mean age of 85 ± 10 years ; 204 were women ( 53 .4% ) and 222 ( 58 .1% ) came from their homes . Some 51 .1% of the patients were terminal , 43 .2% had moderate to severe dementia , and 95 .5% presented at least moderate comorbidity . Some type of LTE was performed in 318 patients ( 83 .7% ) ; the most common orders were “No cardiopulmonary resuscitation” ( 292 patients , 76 .4% ; 95% CI 72 .1 - 80 .8 ) , “Do not use aggressive measures” ( 113 patients , 16 .4% ; 95% CI 13 .7 - 19 .4 ) and “Do not transfer to an intensive care unit” ( 102 cases , 14 .8% , 95% CI 12 .3 - 17 .7 ) . Some type of LTE was performed in 318 patients ( 83 .7% ) ; the most common orders were “No cardiopulmonary resuscitation” ( 292 patients , 76 .4% ; 95% CI 72 .1 - 80 .8 ) , “Do not use aggressive measures” ( 113 patients , 16 .4% ; 95% CI 13 .7 - 19 .4 ) and “Do not transfer to an intensive care unit” ( 102 cases , 14 .8% , 95% CI 12 .3 - 17 .7 ) . Conclusions LTE is common among patients who die in Internal Medicine . The most widely used regimens were “No CPR” and the unspecific statement “Do not use aggressive measures” . The patients were elderly and had significant comorbidity , terminal illness and advanced dementia .

moderate to severe dementia advanced dementia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Individuals with dementia suffer from changes at a cognitive , emotional , and behavioural level . These changes can also affect the quality of life of their caregivers in a physical , psychological , social and spiritual dimension . Objective Determine the perception of life quality , taking into account the burden of caregivers of patients with dementia . Method A descriptive , correlational and cross - sectional study was conducted on an intentional sample of 50 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia . The information was collected using three tools : socio - demographic variables , quality of life , and dimension of caregiver's burden . Results The sample consisted of 80% women , with an age range of 36–59 years , of whom 54% were married . More than three - quarters ( 78% ) of them had been a caregiver for more than 37 months , and 66% dedicated 24h to the work of caring . The main caregivers experience a low care burden and low effect on their quality of life . Conclusions The study shows the presence of women in the role of caregivers , the relationship between the quality life and burden , and how they are influenced by the physical and psychological dimensions . Similarly , a low social well - being negatively influences the quality life .

dementia dementia dementia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Intratympanic drug delivery for labyrinth diseases is a non - aggressive outpatient procedure where drugs reach high concentrations in the cochlea and minimum systemic diffusion . The aim of this review is to update the delivery techniques and report on the results obtained with different substances in cochleovestibular disorders . New perspectives in drug development and gene therapy are discussed . Material and method We have analyzed the literature published to date using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases . The categories chosen for the review where the delivery techniques , the results using corticosteroids and aminoglucosides ( gentamicin ) and isolated papers related with new drugs or pathways to introduce the substance in the inner ear . Results Intratympanic steroid therapy has been shown to be effective for cochleovestibular symptoms after failure of systemic steroids for sudden deafness and for control of Ménière's disease . Intratympanic gentamicin using a titration method showed vertigo control in 80% of the patients with a 0–25% risk of hearing impairment in Ménière's disease . Conclusions Intratympanic delivery is an effective procedure for the control of cochleovestibular disorders such as sudden deafness and Ménière's disease . Future perspectives could increase the indications for steroid and gentamicin treatment and open the door to new drugs and gene therapy .

sudden deafness hearing impairment sudden deafness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract We present the case of a patient with long - term and clinically complex Diabetes Mellitus . She was taking part in the home care program in Primary Care . The complications of her DM affected her quality of life : blindness , kidney failure , treated with hemodialysis , and a cerebrovascular attack . We describe the evaluation following Virginia's Henderson model . This evaluation was made in the patient's home after she was discharged from the socio - health centre where she was admitted as her right leg was amputated at a supracondylar level . It was designed a care plan between the community nurse and the case manager using NANDA , NOC and NIC taxonomy . The care plan was carried out as a joint effort between the community nurse and the case manager who coordinated the planning with the rest of professionals . Results were evaluated 6 months after the initial assessment . This case , which had a high dependence and a high clinical complexity , required a multidisciplinary approach and the integration of different professionals , services and institutions to implement the patient's treatment . Because of all the above , it is important to mention the case management function to guarantee continuity , and overall and integrated care .

blindness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate discontinuation of quetiapine treatment in adolescents ( 12–18 years ) in a 6 - month naturalistic follow - up study and to assess the influence of distinct demographic and clinical factors on quetiapine discontinuation . Material and methods We performed a naturalistic 6 - month follow - up study in 61 antipsychotic - naïve patients [39 boys ( 64% ) ] who initiated quetiapine treatment . The dependent variable was treatment discontinuation for any cause ( continuation/discontinuation was a dichotomic variable ) . The independent variables were age , gender , race , duration of mental illness , Global Assessment of Functioning ( GAF ) score at treatment initiation , adverse effects in the first 16 days of treatment , the presence of involuntary movements before starting treatment , and abusive consumption or toxic dependency . Results Of the 61 patients participating in the study , 42 ( 68 .9% ) complied with quetiapine treatment for 6 months , while 19 ( 31 .1% ) discontinued the treatment ( for any cause ) . The presence of Parkinson - like symptoms before starting treatment was a risk factor for discontinuation ( Hazard ratio=8 .3 , _P_ = .007 ) . Conclusions Continuation/discontinuation of quetiapine was influenced by the presence of motor symptoms before treatment initiation , which therefore affected the patient's overall prognosis . Consequently , we recommend that the presence of motor symptoms be evaluated before treatment with antipsychotic drugs is started .

mental illness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Isolated congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare disorder that presents as chronic salt - wasting syndrome during infancy . Aldosterone synthase deficiency due to mutations in _CYP11B2_ is the underlying cause in most cases . Apart from the classical electrolyte disturbances ( hyponatremia and hyperkalemia ) , no other extra - adrenal features have been described to date . We report a male child with congenital hypoaldosteronism due to a homozygous missense mutation ( Thr318Met ) in _CYP11B2_ who also presented with unexplained sensorineural hearing loss .

unexplained sensorineural hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in primary care pediatrics in Atlantic Galicia . Methods An observational , descriptive , cross - sectional prevalence study was carried out in 9 outpatient clinics in A Coruña and Pontevedra with a population of 8293 children between September and November 2015 . A total of 1286 randomly selected patients from 0 to 14 years of age were included . From the medical history was registered : age , sex , psychiatric diagnosis established by DSM - IV - TR criteria in its five axes , professionals who participated in the diagnosis and treatment of the process and what type of treatment was received . Authorization was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Galicia number 2015/427 . Results 148 of 1286 patients presented psychiatric pathology ( 11 , 5% IC 95% 9 .73 - 13 , 29 ) , 68% male . Between 0 and 5 years , the prevalence was 4 .5% ; between 6 y and 10y , 18 .5% and between 11y and 14y 22% . Symptoms lasted a median of 25 months . The most frequent pathologies in 1286 patients were ADHD ( 5 .36% ) , language disorders ( 3 .42% ) , learning disorders ( 3 .26% ) , anxiety - depressive disorders ( 2 .4% ) and behavior disorders ( 1 .87% ) . Of the 148 cases , 47% had comorbidity with another mental disorder . Most of them required attention by multiple social , health and educational professionals ; 33% received psychopharmacological treatment . Conclusions The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in pediatric primary care is frequent , chronic and complex , increases with age and requires many health , educational and social resources .

psychiatric disorders language disorders learning disorders behavior disorders mental disorder psychiatric disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Many skin diseases are associated with mental disorders . When the psychological symptoms are mild , as is often the case in dermatology , it can be difficult to distinguish between normality and the manifestations of a mental disorder . To facilitate the distinction we review the concept of mental disorder in the present article . It is also important to have instruments that can facilitate early detection of psychological disease , i .e . when the symptoms are still mild . Short , simple , self - administered questionnaires have been developed to help dermatologists and other health professionals identify the presence of a mental disorder with a high degree of certainty . In this article , we focus on the questionnaires most often used to detect the 2 most common mental disorders : anxiety and depression . Finally , we describe the circumstances in which it is advisable to refer a dermatological patient to a psychiatrist , who can diagnose and treat the mental disorder in accordance with standard protocols .

mental disorders mental disorder mental disorder psychological disease mental disorder mental disorders mental disorder

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Liver transplantation is a treatment available for many patients with liver cirrhosis who find in this treatment a way to improve life expectancy and quality of life . Paranoid schizophrenia affects 1% of the general population , produces psychotic symptoms , and runs a chronic course in some cases with significant deterioration in all areas of life . Objective To discuss the case of a patient with liver cirrhosis diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia during the evaluation protocol for liver transplantation . Method Case report . Results We report the case of a 47 - year - old woman with liver cirrhosis whose only alternative to improve life expectancy and quality of life was access to liver transplantation . During routine evaluations the liaison psychiatrist observed first - order psychotic symptoms and documented a life story that confirmed the presence of paranoid schizophrenia . Discussion and Conclusions Paranoid schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder common in the general population that can be a part of the medical comorbidities of patients requiring liver transplantation and is not an absolute contraindication to its completion . We are unaware of similar cases of liver transplantation in patients with schizophrenia in our country . We believe this is a big step on the road to overcome the stigma that mental illness imposes on patients .

psychiatric disorder mental illness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective To design , carry out and assess a protocol for the early diagnosis of hearing loss based on the detection of evoked otoacoustic emissions ( EOAE ) in the neonatal period . Materials and methods Five hundred twenty - five infants without risk factors for hearing loss were studied . A hearing screening protocol with EOAE was applied in the first 48 hours of life , with a second test on the fifth day of life , coinciding with phenylketonuria screening if the first test was negative . The diagnostic stage took place when the infants were aged 1 month . Results A total of 98 .8 % of the program was completed . In the initial test , bilateral EOAE were obtained in 458 infants . When the EOAE were performed during the first 24 hours after birth , 72 .5 % of newborns achieved a satisfactory result . This percentage rose to 93 .6 % , 97 .9 % and 94 .7% when the test was delayed until discharge on , respectively , the second , the fifth and subsequent days of age ( p < 0 .01 ) . All the infants who did not achieve a satisfactory result in the first test underwent a second one . A total of 87 .5 % of the newborns who had failed the test within the first 24 hours passed it when it was repeated at 48 hours , at the time of discharge . A third screening was necessary in seven infants ( six on the fifth day of life and one , together with auditory brainstem response [ABR] , on 30 days of age ) . One infant showed absence of EOAE in the left ear in the three tests , as well as a threshold above 70 dB to obtain the V wave in the ABR performed at 1 and 3 months of age and was diagnosed with unilateral moderate deafness , representing a prevalence of hearing loss of 1 .9% of live newborns in the general population in our environment . Conclusions Universal hearing screening with EOAE is logistically and economically feasible . The use of a second test on the fifth day of age decreases the number of false positives , thus reducing economic cost and family anxiety , and improves recruitment , since it coincides with metabolic screening .

hearing loss hearing loss unilateral moderate deafness hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background The perceived stigma represents a sociocultural barrier to access mental health services and prevents individuals who meet criteria for a mental disorder the possibility of receiving comprehensive and integred care . Objective To update institutional mechanisms by which stigma related to mental disorders , perceived and perpetrated , acts as a barrier to mental health access . Results Stigma as a barrier to access to mental health services is due to a reduction in service requests , the allocation of limited resources to mental health , the systematic process of impoverishment of the people who suffer a mental disorder , increased risk of crime , and implications in contact with the legal system , and the invisibility of the vulnerability of these people . Conclusions Structured awareness and education programs are needed to promote awareness about mental disorders , promote community - based psychosocial rehabilitation , and reintegration into productive life process . In Colombia , the frequency and variables associated with the stigma of mental disorders needs to be studied . This knowledge will enable the implementation of measures to promote the social and labor inclusion of people who meet the criteria for mental disorders .

mental disorder mental disorders mental disorder mental disorders mental disorders mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Cornelia de Lange syndrome ( CdLS ) is produced by mutations in genes that encode regulatory or structural proteins of the cohesin complex . Congenital heart disease ( CHD ) is not a major criterion of the disease , but it affects many individuals . The objective of this study was to study the incidence and type of CHD in patients with CdLS . Material and method Cardiological findings were evaluated in 149 patients with CdLS and their possible relationship with clinical and genetic variables . Results A percentage of 34 .9 had CHD ( septal defects 50% , pulmonary stenosis 27% , aortic coarctation 9 .6% ) . The presence of CHD was related with neonatal hospitalization ( _p_ = 0 .04 ) , hearing loss ( _p_ = 0 .002 ) , mortality ( _p_ = 0 .09 ) and lower hyperactivity ( _p_ = 0 .02 ) , it being more frequent in _HDAC8_ \ + patients ( 60% ) , followed by _NIPBL_ \ + ( 33% ) and _SMC1A_ \ + ( 28 .5% ) . While septal defects predominate in _NIPBL_ + , pulmonary stenosis is more common in _HDAC8_ + . Conclusions Patients with CdLS have a high incidence of CHD , which varies according to the affected gene , the most frequent findings being septal defects and pulmonary stenosis . Perform a cardiologic study in all these patients is suggested .

hearing loss hyperactivity

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction . Tenofovir ( TDF ) is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase nucleotide analogue , although it has good tolerability and high anti - retroviral activity , its effect on the kidney has been a concern . Objective . To describe a girl infected with HIV who presented Fanconi syndrome during antiretroviral therapy with TDF . Clinical case . We describe a HIV - 1 - infected girl , who after 18 months treatment with TDF presented loss of strength and pain of the lower extremities with functional impairment . Laboratory findings were consistent with Fanconi syndrome . Radiographs showed bilateral hip fracture and wrists . Full recovery of Fanconi syndrome was achieved four months after changing antiretroviral therapy . Conclusions . TDF - prescribing physicians must be prepared to detect signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction and immediately consider switching to another antiviral drug .

functional impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years of age . It is a multifactorial disorder and identification of risk factors enables individuals to make lifestyle choices that may reduce the risk of disease . Collaboration between geneticists , ophthalmologists , and optometrists suggests that genetic risk factors play a more significant role in AMD than previously thought . The most important genes are associated with immune system modulation and the complement system , e .g . , complement factor H ( CFH ) , factor B ( CFB ) , factor C3 , and serpin peptidase inhibitor ( SERPING1 ) . Genes associated with membrane transport , e .g . , ATP - binding cassette protein ( ABCR ) and voltage - dependent calcium channel gamma 3 ( CACNG3 ) , the vascular system , e .g . , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF2 ) , fibulin - 5 , lysyl oxidase - like gene ( LOXL1 ) and selectin - P ( SELP ) , and with lipid metabolism , e .g . , apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) and hepatic lipase ( LIPC ) have also been implicated . In addition , several other genes exhibit some statistical association with AMD , e .g . , age - related maculopathy susceptibility protein 2 ( ARMS2 ) and DNA excision repair protein gene ( ERCC6 ) but more research is needed to establish their significance . Modifiable risk factors for AMD should be discussed with patients whose lifestyle and/or family history place them in an increased risk category . Furthermore , calculation of AMD risk using current models should be recommended as a tool for patient education . It is likely that AMD management in future will be increasingly influenced by assessment of genetic risk as such screening methods become more widely available .

blindness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective . Identify attitudes and behaviors that evidence and characterize family adherence to treatment in patients with severe mental disorder . Design . Qualitative descriptive , from an interpretative social approach . Location . Chia , Colombia , with professionals in the psychiatric and geriatric settings . Participants . Twelve professionals in psychiatry , nursing and psychology , with experience in care of patients with serious mental disorder and their families . Method . Intentional sampling . Twelve semi - structured interviews were carried out . The analysis strategy was made from the procedures of constant comparison and open coding of the grounded theory . As validation strategies , triangulation was done between researchers and methods , as interviews and results survey . Results . Two categories of family adherence were defined : family and treatment ( treatment cooperation , knowledge about the disease and attention to the disease evolution ) , and family attitudes towards the patient ( patient's care , patient's promotion of autonomy , and affective attachment with the patient ) . A third category showed aspects that diminished family adherence , such as lack or distortion of information regarding mental disorder , or family and patient endurance attitudes . Conclusions . Participants agree about the relevance of the construct named «family adherence» , which describes the behaviors and attitudes of the family regarding the treatment of patients with severe mental disorder . Family adherence can be seen as active participation behavior , but also as a process of strengthening relationships , which can reduce the burden and suffering on family members , caregivers and patients .

severe mental disorder serious mental disorder mental disorder severe mental disorder

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract People with severe mental illnesses , such as schizophrenia , depression or bipolar disorder , have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population . The excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is attributed to an increased risk of the modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors , obesity , smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and dyslipidaemia . Antipsychotic medication and possibly other psychotropic medication like antidepressants can induce weight gain and further increase the risk of adverse metabolic effects which may result in further increased incidence of cardiovascular disease . Patients have limited access to general healthcare with less opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening and prevention than would be expected in a non - psychiatric population . The European Psychiatric Association ( EPA ) , supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes ( EASD ) and the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) published this statement aiming to improve the care of patients suffering from severe mental illness . The intention is to initiate co - operation and shared care between the different health care professionals and to increase the awareness of psychiatrists caring for patients suffering from severe mental illness to screen and treat increased cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes .

severe mental illnesses severe mental illness severe mental illness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of protón magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H MRS ) in patients with cognitive impairment and to establish the usefulness of complementary information provided by conventional magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . Material and methods 64 patients with cognitive impairment , including Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) ( n=31 ) , vascular dementia ( n=6 ) , mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) ( n=9 ) , and major depression ( n=18 ) , were studied . All patients underwent cerebral MRI and single - volume 1H MRS using two echo times ( TE , 31 and 136 ms ) in the posterior cingulate gyrus and right temporal lobe . The metabolites analyzed were N - acetylaspartate ( NAA ) , myo - Inositol ( mi ) , choline ( Ch ) , and ere - atine ( Cr ) , and the ratios of Ch/Cr , mI/Cr , NAA/mIand NAA/Cr were calculated . In order to differentiate among the different types of cognitive impairment , the alterations in imaging and spectroscopy findings were graded from 0 to 4 , as was the mean combination of the two , and then ROC curves were obtained . Results Statistically significant differences were found between the spectra of patients with dementia ( AD and vascular dementia ) and those without dementia ( MCI and depression ) in the posterior cingulate gyrus . The NAA/ml ratio yielded the best área under the ROC curve , with the best sensitivity ( 82 .5% ) and specificity ( 72 .7% ) in the diagnosis of AD . The NAA/mI and ml/Cr quotients differentiated between the four degenerative pathologies causing the cognitive impairment . The combination of MRI and 1H MRS significantly improved the accuracy of the diagnosis of AD . Conclusions The metabolic differences found among patients with cognitive impairment using 1H MRS can be useful for differentiating AD , vascular dementia , MCI , and depression . The combination of spectroscopy and MRI findings is useful in the diagnosis of AD .

cognitive impairment cognitive impairment vascular dementia mild cognitive impairment MCI cognitive impairment dementia vascular dementia dementia MCI cognitive impairment cognitive impairment vascular dementia MCI

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) occurs more frequently in first - degree relatives . It is believed that this risk is not specific to this disorder but also occurs with other psychopathologies . The study of siblings of ADHD probands is an interesting field since they share common environmental factors . Methods This is a narrative literature review . A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed and PsychNet databases and topic - related publications were included without date of publication or study design limits . Results Siblings of patients with ADHD have a higher likelihood of having this disorder when compared to controls , with odds ratios ( OR ) ranging between 11 .4 and 13 .5 . Among these siblings , ADHD prevalence ranges between 26 and 45 .2% . Siblings with ADHD and those without ADHD have an increased risk of having other disorders , the most frequent being oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) . Conclusions Siblings of people with ADHD have an increased risk of having the same disorder . The risk of having another psychiatric disorder markedly increases when the sibling also presents ADHD ; this is especially true for ODD , substance use disorder and bipolar disorder .

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ADHD ADHD ADHD ADHD ADHD ADHD ADHD psychiatric disorder ADHD

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population , mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking . However , smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings . The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia ( Spain ) . To bridge this gap , the Catalan Network of Smoke - free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom - up strategy in Catalonia in 2007 . The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations . In 2016 , the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals ( 70 .8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units ) . Since 2007 , tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking , training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban . The working group has produced and disseminated various materials , including clinical practice and best practice guidelines , implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses . The next challenge is to ensure effective follow - up for smoking cessation after discharge . While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement , the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings .

severe mental disorders mental illnesses

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Holoprosencephaly ( HPE ) is characterized by a spectrum of central nervous system anomalies arising from a failure in the differentiation and division of the prosencephalon . Approximately 50% of the causes are chromosomal , the most frequent being trisomies 13 and 18 . A familial form has occasionally been described . There are three types of HPE : alobar , semilobar and lobar . We present the case of a 33 - year - old woman who showed identical ultrasonographic findings compatible with semilobar HPE in the second trimester of two successive pregnancies . Both parents had normal karyotypes , but mild mental retardation . Both pregnancies were finalized by dilation and extraction abortion in weeks 21 and 20 , respectively . Histopathological analysis confirmed HPE in both fetuses . Given these findings , cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed in both parents to exclude familial HPE . The mother showed slight asymmetry in ventricular size and fornix with no other abnormalities . Study of the father confirmed our suspicions and showed partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in the medial and posterior portions , as well as a defect in the morphology of the lateral ventricles and a single pericallosal artery . The cerebral sickle showed little development .

mild mental retardation

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To know the etiology of preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss in children . Materials and methods All the patients diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound , pre or perilingual hearing loss at Sierrallana and Marqués de Valdecilla Hospitals ( Cantabria , Spain ) during the last 20 years were included in this study . Results A hundred patients were diagnosed with bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss . The most frequent etiology was hereditary ( 49% ) , followed by severe perinatal hypoxia ( 11% ) , ototoxicity ( 5% ) , meningitis ( 3% ) , hyperbilirubinemia ( 3% ) and rubella ( 2% ) . In 21% of cases was not Known . Conclusions The two most frequent etiologies found in severe/profound hearing loss in children in our area were hereditary and non infectious perinatal problems . Infectious disease were scarce . Will decrease when genetic test were used as clinical basis .

preiperlingual bilateral hearing loss bilateral severe/profound , pre or perilingual hearing loss bilateral severe/profound pre/perilingual hearing loss severe/profound hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment , while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood . The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population . Methods Data for the study consisted of 1782 participants ( 40 years and older ) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an , China . Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected . Cognitive function was scored by the Mini - Mental State Examination . The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models . Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment ( odds ratio [OR] = 9 .067 ; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1 .305–62 .979 ; _P_ = 0 .026 ) . However , the interaction term , age by current smoking , is negatively related with cognitive impairment ( OR = 0 .969 ; 95%CI 0 .939–0 .999 ; _P_ = 0 .045 ) . Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40–65 years of age sublayer , OR of current smoking is 1 .966 ( _P_ = 0 .044 ) , whereas in the >65 years of age sublayer , the OR is 0 .470 ( _P_ = 0 .130 ) . This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive ( OR > 1 ) in lower age sublayers , but no significant difference in higher age sublayers . Conclusions In conclusion , current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle - aged but the relationship declines with increasing age .

cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: The immune system is a key element in the organism's defence system and participates in the maintenance of homeostasis . There is growing interest in the aetiopathogenic and prognostic implications of the immune system in mental disorders , as previous studies suggest the existence of a dysregulation of the immune response and a pro - inflammatory state in patients with mental disorders , as well as an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases or receiving immune treatments . This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature on the role of Psychoneuroimmunology in mental disorders , with special focus on diagnostic , prognostic and therapeutic issues . The development of this body of knowledge may bring in the future important advances in the vulnerability , aetiopathogenic mechanisms , diagnosis and treatment of some mental disorders .

mental disorders mental disorders mental disorders mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction . Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome with severe consequences , especially for elderly patients with pre - existing cognitive impairment . Methodology . Descriptive study of one retrospective cohort , with the aim of comparing risk factors and mortality between surgical treatment and non - surgical treatment in a group of hospitalised patients with delirium . Results . Of the 184 hospitalised patients with delirium analysed , 29 .3% were for surgical causes and 70 .7% for non - surgical causes . Just over half ( 50 .5% ) were women , and 50% of the patients were 74 years or less ( interquartile range , 27 years ) , with statistical differences ( P= .002 ) . Prior cognitive impairment was observed in 42 .9% of patients , with a greater proportion of non - surgical ( 50 .8% vs 24 .1% ) with significant differences ( P= .001 ) . Anticholinergic medications were received by 89 .7% of patients , and almost all of them ( 99 .5% ) received three or more medicines , with no significant differences . Half ( 50% ) of the patients remained in hospital for 16 .3 days or less ( interquartile range , 23 days ) . Hospitalisation was significantly longer in the surgical group ( P< .001 ) . The hospital mortality was 14 .7% , with no statistical differences between groups ( P= .073 ) . Discussion . Although there were no significant differences in mortality between the groups , it was higher in the non - surgical ( 17 .7% vs . 7 .4% ) . Increased mortality was found in the older group ( non - surgical ) that also had significantly greater cognitive impairment , which coincides with that in the scientific literature .

pre - existing cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Mortality rates in patients suffering from burns have decreased , and the challenge now is quality of life of survivors , who have a high prevalence of mental disorders . Objective To describe the prevalence of depersonalization disorder in burned patients . Methods Review of the literature published on the subject , using the databases Medline , Ovid and Tripdatabase . Results It is well documented that dissociative symptoms including depersonalization accompany acute stress reactions that are triggered by major trauma , and that cognitive styles predispose certain individuals exposed to trauma to develop psychopathology , mostly posttraumatic stress disorder . Conclusion Despite this knowledge few studies have been conducted to establish the prevalence of phenomena of depersonalization - derealization in burned patients .

mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment , while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood . The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population . Methods Data for the study consisted of 1 , 782 participants ( 40 years and older ) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi’an , China . Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected . Cognitive function was scored by the Mini - Mental State Examination . The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models . Results Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment ( odds ratio [OR] = 9 .067 ; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1 .305 - 62 .979 ; _P_ = .026 ) . However , the interaction term , age by current smoking , is negatively related with cognitive impairment ( OR = 0 .969 ; 95%CI 0 .939 - 0 .999 ; _P_ = .045 ) . Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40 - 65 years of age sublayer , OR of current smoking is 1 .966 ( _P_ = .044 ) , whereas in the > 65 years of age sublayer , the OR is 0 .470 ( _P_ = .130 ) . This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive ( OR > 1 ) in lower age sublayers , but no significant difference in higher age sublayers . Conclusions In conclusion , current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle - aged but the relationship declines with increasing age .

cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract The auditory training with wide - band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss . It is based on the application of a wide - band white modified noise . In a prospective study , we have assessed the modifications of the verbal reception threshold URV ) , the maximum discrimination ( Dmax ) , and the discrimination coefficient ( Kd ) in a sample of 48 patients , who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide - band white noise sessions . The average improvements of the verbal discrimination variables expressed in percentage are 4 .23% for the URV , a 9 .04% for the kd , a 17 .87% for the Dmax , and 4 .32% , 10 .05% , 13 .04% for the binaural URV , Kd and Dmax respectively . From our results , it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide - band white noise improves the verbal discrimination measures . Not only it allows to reach the verbal reception threshold at a lower intensity , but also it moves the discrimination line towards the left . Furthermore , it increases the maximum discrimination both in binaural measurements and in those which consider all the ears .

hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: TRUE ANEURYSMS OF THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY : A CASE REPORT Summary Introduction . _True aneurysms of the superficial femoral artery ( SFA ) are rare entities . Fewer than 50 cases have been reported in PubMed and the largest series consists of 13 patients . Here we report the case of a patient with bilateral true aneurysms in the SFA and the surgical treatment that was performed to treat them ._ Case report . _A 78 - yearold male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , benign hypoplasia of the prostate and blindness since infancy due to pigmentary retinitis . The patient visited the emergency department after having lumps on the inner side of both thighs for several years and claudication of the soleus - gastrocnemius muscle in the left lower limb at 300 m . Examination revealed the presence of pulsatile masses with systolic murmurs in the mid - third of the thigh in both lower limbs ( LL ) and a distal to popliteal occlusion in the left lower limb . Doppler ultrasound recording was performed on the LL and the results showed aneurysmal dilatation measuring 72 × 35 mm in the right SFA and 63 × 28 mm in the left SFA . The angiography study of the LL confirmed the presence of aneurysms at that level . Elective surgery was performed involving resection of the aneurysm and end - to - end placement of an 8 - mm PTFE graft . The aneurysms presented a thrombus and arteriosclerotic thickening of their walls . Anti - aggregating treatment consisting in 150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid was established and the patient was discharged from hospital five days after surgery ._ Conclusions . _True aneurysms of the SFA are rare . They are associated with a high rate of thromboembolic complications and rupture . Preferred treatment consists in resection and placement of a prosthetic or venous graft . [ANGIOLOGIA 2008 ; 60 : 149 - 54]_

blindness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum , occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors , is very rare . The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain , dyspnea , dysphagia and neck pain . The diagnosis is established radiologically . The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients . We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum , cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum ; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents .

dysphagia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Oropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the lesser known geriatric syndromes , despite its enormous impact on functional capacity , quality of life , and health of those affected . Material and methods A descriptive and prospective study was conducted by the Geriatric Department of Barbastro Hospital ( Huesca ) , from March 2012 to October 2014 , as biannual and annual reviews in October 2015 . This study included all patients on whom a volume - viscosity clinical examination ( MECV - V test ) was performed to suspecting dysphagia . Results The study included 266 patients with a mean age of 82 .35±12 .3 years , and with a mean Barthel index score of 20 .5±25 .4 , and mean Charlson index of 1 .77±1 .6 . The test was performed in 105 cases after stroke ( 40% ) , 53 in dementia ( 20% ) , 24 in Parkinsonism ( 9% ) , and for other different reasons in 80 ( 31% ) . Dysphagia was diagnosed in 228 ( 86% ) cases . Enteral nutrition was given in 25 ( 10 .9% ) cases . The test results were shown in the discharge report in 45% of the tests with positive result . The mean survival obtained after test in the patients who died was 230 .8±256 .5 days . Differences in survival at 12 months were found in patients with positive test , without finding a clear relationship with functional status and comorbidity . Conclusions Dysphagia has a significant mortality , and the use of thickeners after its detection should be properly reported .

Oropharyngeal dysphagia dysphagia dementia Dysphagia Dysphagia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Cognitive impairment is defined as a newly appeared deficit in at least two areas of cognitive functions , including disturbances in memory , executive functioning , attention or speed of information processing , perceptual motor abilities , or language . Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in ESRD patients when compared with the general population . It has also been associated with a decreased quality of life . Cognitive functions in patients with ESRD showed improvement with dialysis and renal transplantation . These findings illustrate the potential importance of evaluating and comparing the effects of hemodialysis and transplantation regarding cognitive performance and thus quality of life in ESRD patients and normal subjects . This study was carried out in 100 patients ( 50 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis for at least 6 months and 50 post - transplant patients who had maintained successful kidney graft for at least 3 months ) . All patients underwent laboratory and psychometric scoring tests , including trail making test part A , trail making test part B , digit span , and mini - mental state examination . Thirty healthy adults matched by age and sex served as a control group . The results showed significant differences in cognitive function tests results between transplant and hemodialysis patients ( _P_ < 0 .01 ) , suggesting that transplant patients were superior in their cognitive performance , with the correction of anemia being the most important factor for improving cognitive performance in both groups . There were no significant differences between transplant patients and control subjects in psychometric measures ( _P_ > 0 .05 ) . Conclusion Renal transplantation as a modality of treatment , in ESRD patients , is superior to hemodialysis in terms of cognitive performance improvement .

Cognitive impairment disturbances in memory , executive functioning , attention or speed of information processing , perceptual motor abilities , or language Cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Otosclerosis is a primary osteodystrophy of the temporal bone that causes progressive conductive hearing loss . The diagnosis is generally clinical , but multidetector CT ( MDCT ) , the imaging technique of choice , is sometimes necessary . The objective of this article is to systematically review the usefulness of imaging techniques for the diagnosis and postsurgical assessment of otosclerosis , fundamentally the role of MDCT , to decrease the surgical risk .

progressive conductive hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract We report the case of a 29 year - old male with of hereditary spherocytosis , who developed two episodes of sensorineural hearing loss in his right ear after splenectomy due to repetitive hemolytic crisis . We discuss the eventual altiopathogenic mechanism of this audiological disorder .

sensorineural hearing loss audiological disorder

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To determine the status of neuroimaging studies of Nuclear Medicine in Spain during 2013 and first quarter of 2014 , in order to define the activities of the neuroimaging group of the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ( SEMNIM ) . Material and methods A questionnaire of 14 questions was designed , divided into 3 parts : characteristics of the departments ( equipment and professionals involved ) ; type of scans and clinical indications ; and evaluation methods . The questionnaire was sent to 166 Nuclear Medicine departments . Results A total of 54 departments distributed among all regions completed the questionnaire . Most departments performed between 300 and 800 neuroimaging examinations per year , representing more than 25 scans per month . The average pieces of equipment were three ; half of the departments had a PET/CT scanner and SPECT/CT equipment . Scans performed more frequently were brain SPECT with 123I - FP - CIT , followed by brain perfusion SPECT and PET with 18F - FDG . The most frequent clinical indications were cognitive impairment followed by movement disorders . For evaluation of the images most sites used only visual assessment , and for the quantitative assessment the most used was quantification by region of interest . Conclusions These results reflect the clinical activity of 2013 and first quarter of 2014 . The main indications of the studies were cognitive impairment and movement disorders . Variability in the evaluation of the studies is among the challenges that will be faced in the coming years .

cognitive impairment movement disorders cognitive impairment movement disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective To analyse the degree of monitoring by doctors , nurses , and other health professionals of patients taking psychotropic medication . Design Retrospective , observational study of patients of both sexes and over 15 years old , who took psychotropic medication and had attended a minimum of ten times the same doctor - nurse primary care unit ( PCU ) . Their monitoring during 2 year - long periods was studied : a first period ( the first year after diagnosis ) and a second period from October 2001 to October 2002 . Setting Primary care in the Raval Sud District , Barcelona , Spain . Participants A total of 730 clinical histories were reviewed , of which 200 ( 27% ) met inclusion criteria . Results The most common diagnosis was anxiety - depression disorder ( 58% ) , and 14 .5% of patients had no recorded diagnosis . 35 .5% were patients taking more than one medicine . The most common drug group was the benzodiazepines ( 60 .4% ) . Significant differences in the number of controls were found between the 2 periods and between different PCUs . The mean difference between periods was −0 .5 , with 95% CI at −1 .0 : clearly the degree of monitoring drops over time . Conclusions These patients’ follow - up was not monitored well , which poses the need to create clear aims and protocols for the doctor - nurse team , to thus assist the treatment of patients with mental health problems .

mental health problems

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Otitis media with effusion is a common disorder in children , associated to hearing loss and recurrent acute otitis media . It has three basic treatments : Spontaneous resolution , oral antibiotics and sur - gery including adenoidectomy and/or grommets insertion . Through a sensibility analysis on a theo - retical group of 1000 patients our aim is to study the cost - effectiveness of the diff e r e n t therapeutic options , evaluating direct and indirect costs , and identifying the most efficient option ( cost - effective ) . We analysed effectiveness and variable costs of each arm of the decision tree , considering ini - tial and rescue treatments . As expected , effectiveness grows up to the most through treatment , in - cluding adenoidectomy and grommets insertion , from 92% to 98% of children treated . Nevertheless , unitary cost of each child treated also increases , from 302 to 401 euros ; that is , choosing the most cost - effective treatment enables to save approximately 100 euros per child . But , fixed costs , which are much higher ( 600 euros per child ) , will not change , limiting our management resources .

hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Sensorineural hearing loss is a caused by the loss of the cochlear hair cells with the consequent deafferentation of spiral ganglion neurons . Humans do not show endogenous cellular regeneration in the inner ear and there is no exogenous therapy that allows the replacement of the damaged hair cells . Currently , treatment is based on the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants that present different outcomes , some difficulties in auditory discrimination and a limited useful life . More advanced technology is hindered by the functional capacity of the remaining spiral ganglion neurons . The latest advances with stem cell therapy and cellular reprogramming have developed several possibilities to induce endogenous regeneration or stem cell transplantation to replace damaged inner ear hair cells and restore hearing function . With further knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of the inner ear and its embryonic development , it will be possible to use induced stem cells as _in vitro_ models of disease and as replacement cellular therapy . Investigation in this area is focused on generating cellular therapy with clinical use for the treatment of profound sensorineural hearing loss .

Sensorineural hearing loss profound sensorineural hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for patients with medical treatment - resistant morbid obesity . Improves anthropometric parameters , cardiovascular risks and life quality . However , bariatric surgery procedures increases the risk of nutritional deficit , and can cause postoperative neurological complications as encephalopathy , ataxia or polyneuropathies ; or aggravate an existing neuropathy . Usually , these complications are more frequent in malabsorptive procedures than in restrictive ones . We present a clinical case of a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia who undergoes bariatric surgery . Successfully , bariatric surgery has been achieved in a patient with ataxia and hypoalbuminemia , without nutritional or neurological worsening in the medium term .

ataxia spinocerebellar ataxia ataxia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction The Edmonton Frailty Scale was developed in Alberta ( Canada ) . It has been applied in different scenarios , such as acute units , day hospitals , and outpatient care . There are no studies published describing the usefulness of this scale in Colombia . Materials and methods A cross - sectional study and secondary diagnostic test analysis was designed with the objective of studying the criterion validity of the Edmonton Frail Scale using Fried's frailty criteria as standard . Patients 60 years old and over from the community were included . Patients with severe dementia , limited mobility , and unable to perform the tests were excluded . Results The study included 101 patients from the community in Floridablanca , Colombia . The mean age was 68 .9 years , and 74% were women . The median walking speed was 1 .1 m/sec . According to the Fried's criteria , 46% were vigorous elderly , and the prevalence of frailty was 7 .9% . Using the EFS , 78% were vigorous elderly , with a prevalence of frailty of 8 .9% . Taking 6 or more points as a cut - off , the sensitivity of this scale was 75% and had a specificity of 88% . Conclusions A similar frequency of frailty was found on applying the two measurement scales . It is important to highlight the multidimensional view of the Edmonton scale , complementing the data of the most physical and sarcopenia - centred phenotype of Fried's criteria .

severe dementia limited mobility

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Chronic alcoholism causes toxicity in the central and peripheral nervous system , Marchiafava - Bignami disease being one of its less frequent complications . This entity is characterized by demyelinization of the callous body . The clinical picture is varied , the most frequent symptoms being : dementia , attention disorders , gait difficulty and interhemispheric deconnection syndrome . Neuroimaging techniques , basically magnetic resonance imaging , are required for its diagnosis . We present the case of a patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit due to neurological deterioration and respiratory arrest . He was finally diagnosed as having Marchiafava - Bignami disease . We explain the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic alternatives of this disease .

dementia attention disorders gait difficulty

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction . The prevalence of cognitive impairment with no dementia ( CIND ) varies between 5 .1% and 35 .9% , increasing between 65 and 85 years . The CIND increases the risk of dementia . Factors such as education , occupation , and social activities are associated with the risk of cognitive impairment . The main objective of this study was to analyse the association between the main occupation developed throughout life and CIND in a general population sample of over 55 years . Methods . In wave I of the ZARADEMP Project , a sample ( n=4803 ) of people over 55 years was interviewed . CIND measurement was obtained through the Mini Mental State Examination . Occupational activity data were recoded into white collar , blue collar , homemakers , and farmers . The association between the occupation variables and CIND was estimated using the odds ratio , and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression equations . Results . The prevalence of CIND in the sample was 28 .2% . As regards white collar workers , the CIND diagnosis odds was 53% higher for blue collar workers , 77% higher for women who were homemakers and almost twice for farmers , after controlling for socio - demographic , behavioural and clinical variables . All results were statistically significant . Conclusions . CIND frequency is influenced by the previous occupation of the subjects . An occupation with higher intellectual requirements can help keep cognitive functions intact for longer .

cognitive impairment dementia CIND CIND dementia cognitive impairment CIND CIND CIND CIND CIND CIND

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ( DBS - SN ) on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD ) 5 years after surgery . Material and methods We conducted a prospective study including 50 patients with PD who underwent DBS - SN ( 62 .5% were men ; mean age of 62 .2±8 .2 years ; mean progression time of 14 .1±6 .3 years ) . All patients were assessed before the procedure and at one year after surgery ; 40 patients were further followed up until the 5 - year mark . Follow - up assessments included the following neuropsychological tests : Mini–Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) , Mattis Dementia Rating Scale ( MDRS ) , letter - number sequencing of the WAIS - III ( WAIS - III - LN ) , clock - drawing test , Rey auditory verbal learning test ( RAVLT ) , Benton Visual Retention Test ( BVRT ) , Judgment of Line Orientation ( JLO ) test , FAS Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test , Stroop test , and the Montgomery - Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) . Results Patients were found to score lower on the MMSE ( −0 .89% ) , clock - drawing test ( −2 .61% ) , MDRS ( −1 .72% ) , and especially phonemic ( −13 .28% ) and sematic verbal fluency tests ( −12 .40% ) at one year after surgery . Delayed recall on the RAVLT worsened one year after the procedure ( −10 .12% ) . At 5 years , impairment affected mainly verbal fluency ; scores decreased an additional 16 .10% and 16 .60% in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency , respectively . Moderate decreases were observed in immediate recall ( −16 .87% ) , WAIS - III - LN ( −16 .67% ) , and JLO test ( −11 .56% ) . Discussion In our sample , DBS - SN did not result in global cognitive impairment 5 years after surgery . Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired one year after the procedure . Impaired learning and visuospatial function may be attributed to degeneration associated with PD .

global cognitive impairment Verbal function was found to be significantly impaired Impaired learning and visuospatial function

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Deep brain electrical stimulation of the ventro - medial globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease ( PD ) is an alternative in the treatment of rigidity in advanced cases which do not response to conventional pharmacological treatment . Objective To measure the clinical changes and collateral effects of bilateral electric stimulation of the ventro - medial globus pallidus , in a sample of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease with predominance of rigidity . Methodology An auto - control study of direct assignation was carried out , open to evaluate the changes according to the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III ( UPDRS III ) in a basal period , within 6 and 12 months of follow up same as the collateral effect and the medicament doses . Results 12 patients were included ( 5 women ) with ages of 62 .4 ± 12 .7 years ( media ± DE ) , history of PD was14 .2 ± 5 .3 years , with Hoehn and Yahr stages within II and IV . UPDRS III score in OFF - medication of 73 ± 11 .3 . Beyond 6 months of follow up , a significant statistical change towards tremor , rigidity , bradykinesia , posture and gait , can be appreciated ( p < 0 .05 ) . The best effect can be observed in the qualification of UPDRS III after implantation ( 35 to 38 delta points of the scale ) and for stimulation particularly for bradykinesia ( delta of 11 points ) . There were no significant changes in levodopa doses . The collateral effects such as phosphenes , contralateral paresthesias , deviation of labial commissure and dysarthria , were avoided with the adjustment of stimulation parameters during the surgery . Conclusion This study suggest that bilateral implantation of the ventro - medial globus pallidus is an efficient and safe method in patients PD with rigidity implanted in the Hospital Central Militar .

dysarthria

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease ( CJD ) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy due to the accumulation of altered prion protein isoform ( PrPsc ) in the brain . The typical clinical symptoms are rapidly progressive dementia , ataxia , myoclonus , electroencephalogram ( EEG ) alterations , with positive 14 - 3 - 3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid and changes in magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . The definitive diagnosis is done anatomopathologically . Case report A 64 year old female patient who presented with rapid progressive ataxia , visual disturbances , dysarthria , dysdiadochokinesia , dysmetria and axial dystonia . She also presented with apraxia , atrophy , myoclonus and seizures . She died 4 months after onset , with severe motor deterioration , rigidity , flexed posture and low cognitive - behavioral impairment . We did an anatomopathological study in addition to molecular biology . Conclusions We present a “defined” case study of ECJ with infrequent symptoms of ataxia , myoclonus , but with no cognitive deterioration for its genotype ( M/V1 ) . Despite inconclusive 14 - 3 - 3 protein levels and atypical EEG , our diagnosis was mainly guided by the rapid onset of symptoms , in which high - field MRI ( with the appropriate sequences ) were key in showing typical images and in defining the diagnosis .

rapidly progressive dementia ataxia rapid progressive ataxia visual disturbances dysarthria apraxia severe motor deterioration low cognitive - behavioral impairment ataxia cognitive deterioration

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Age at onset of bipolar disorder has been reported as a variable that may be associated with different clinical subtypes . Objective To identify patterns in the distributions of age at onset of bipolar disease and to determine whether age at onset is associated with specific clinical characteristics . Methods Admixture analysis was applied to identify bipolar disorder subtypes according to age at onset . The EMUN scale was used to evaluate clinical characteristics and principal components were estimated to evaluate the relationship between subtypes according to age at onset and symptoms in the acute in the acute phase , using multivariable analyses . Results According to age at onset , three distributions have been found : early onset : 17 .7 years ( S .D . 2 .4 ) ; intermediate - onset : 23 .9 years ( S .D . 5 .6 ) ; late onset : 42 .8 years ( S .D . 12 .1 ) . The late - onset group is antisocial , with depressive symptoms , thinking and language disorders , and socially disruptive behaviors . Conclusions In patients having bipolar disorder , age at onset is antisocial with three groups having specific clinical characteristics .

thinking and language disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction The studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of bilateral cochlear implantation in children suggest an improvement in hearing about sound localization and speech discrimination . In this paper we show the differences in audio - linguistic achievements with early bilateral cochlear implantation versus unilateral , and differences between simultaneous and sequential bilateral implantation . Material and methods We present 88 children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss , treated with bilateral cochlear implantation in 32 cases and unilateral in 56 cases , during the first 12 months ( 27 children ) of life and between 12 and 24 months ( 61 children ) . We conducted a statistical comparison of both groups in the audiometry , IT - Mais , Nottingham , LittlEars scales and verbal tests . Results No significant differences in hearing thresholds and questionnaires between unilateral and bilateral implantation were detected in either the first or second year . Verbal tests do show statistically significant differences : children with bilateral cochlear implant obtain 100% recognition of disyllabic and phrases within 2 - 3 years after implantation whilst children with one implant do not obtain those results at 5 years after surgery . No differences between simultaneous and sequential bilateral implantation were detected . Conclusion We emphasize the importance of ensuring good early audiological screening , to carry out an early and bilateral cochlear implantation with the consequent development of audio - language skills similar to normal hearing children .

bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Iodine deficiency is currently the most preventable cause of brain damage and mental retardation in both the fetus and neonate and of psychomotor impairment in young children . According to the WHO and UNICEF , iodine deficiency affects some 2000 million people worldwide , representing onethird of the world population . Limited consumption during pregnancy can also lead to lasting problems with maternal thyroid function after pregnancy . The easiest and cheapest measure with the best results in preventing iodine deficiency is iodine prophylaxis using iodized salt . To achieve this , an appropriate health policy is required that keeps the general population and , in particular , women of fertile age informed . It is here that midwives , in their role as health advocates , acquire particular importance , as they are the health professionals most suited to impart health education in pregnancy .

mental retardation psychomotor impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract We present the case of a 75 - year - old woman who suddenly developed hemiplegia , aphasia , and reduced consciousness three hours after embolization of a cerebral aneurysm . No complications occurred during embolization and the findings at end - procedure angiography were normal . Cranial computed tomography ( CT ) after embolization showed hyperdensity of the cortex and sulci of the convexity ; another CT examination performed four hours later showed these findings had disappeared . Cerebral arteriography 24 h after embolization showed delayed blood flow to the parenchyma of the left hemisphere compared to the right but no vascular occlusion . The neurological deficit lasted 72 h and resolved spontaneously and completely as suddenly as it developed . This is one of the few cases of temporary neurological deficit related to iodinated contrast administration to be reported outside the posterior circulation ( cortical blindness ) . When neurological symptoms occur after endovascular procedures in the brain , it is fundamental to distinguish this rare clinical syndrome of probable toxic origin from possible ischemic complications of the procedure .

hemiplegia aphasia cortical blindness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Human behaviours have different meanings according to the historical moment and context . In this article sexual behaviours are taken as a category in order to analyse how psychiatric nosology is structured , as manifested in texts such as the DSM - 5 . The development of these diagnostic manuals are tools that are far from being free of subjectivities and interference of elements of power , expressed in the way health , illness , mental health , and mental disorders , are assumed ; in short , the normal and pathological . Each new diagnosis , or even its elimination , and the recomposing of the different diagnostic criteria , especially in the field of sexual behaviour , present visions of how individual and collective human life is conceived , as well as an expression of accurate attempts to control human sexualities through the medicalisation of behaviour , coupled with moral , religious , and even legal considerations . Categories such as gender dysphoria , paraphilia or paraphilic disorders are examples of how the limits intended to establish a biomedical perspective are also incomplete and imprecise . These violate individual and social construction of sexualities and the conception of mental health , showing persistent difficulties and controversies that are evident in the way psychiatric classifications are made .

mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objectives To quantify the use of the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health ( ICF ) in Spain on the basis of published reports , and to compare this use with that in other European countries . Methods We reviewed the scientific literature published by , or with the participation of , authors having Spanish institutional affiliations in Spanish or international journals between May 2001 and June 2010 . Results A total of 47 papers were identified , with a recent annual increase in those published in English . There was a predominance of theoretical journals ( 53 .1% ) and those specializing in mental health , rehabilitation and disability , with a medium or low impact factor . The World Health Organization - Disability Assessment Schedule ( WHODAS - II ) was used in 27 .6% of publications . Most studies addressed adult populations with mental illness . Spain ranked midway in the table of European countries ( fifth by Medline references ) . Conclusions This review suggests that the effective application of the ICF in Spain is limited but is increasing and is internationally co - ordinated . The main fields of application are theoretical and diagnostic , in various clinical , rehabilitation and population - based contexts and , to a much lesser extent , in health services .

mental illness

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Background According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , goiter is endemic in Spain . The main cause of endemic goiter is iodine deficiency , which is also the principal cause of mental retardation and avoidable cerebral palsy throughout the world . Material and methods We conducted an observational study to determine the prevalence of endemic goiter and nutritional iodine status in the province of Alicante . Urinary iodine excretion was measured in a morning urine sample , and thyroid volume was measured by means of a thyroid ultrasound scan . A case of goiter was diagnosed if thyroid volume was above the 97th percentile adjusted by age , as published by the WHO . Results No cases of goiter were found . In addition , the median urinary iodine excretion levels adjusted by age were within the normal range , as defined by the WHO's criteria . Conclusions Endemic goiter was not found in the province of Alicante and urinary iodine excretion values demonstrated adequate iodine intake . Further ultrasound studies are needed to establish reference thyroid volumes for our population .

mental retardation cerebral palsy

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To analyse the relationship between the primary diagnosis on admission to an Acute Geriatric Unit ( AGU ) and the risk of hospital mortality and one year after discharge Material and methods A longitudinal study was conducted on patients admitted to the Central Hospital AGU Red Cross in Madrid in 2009 . The admission diagnosis was grouped by Diagnosis Related Groups ( DRGs ) . The date of death was collected from the medical charts and the National Death Index Ministry of Health report . The main outcome of study was the association between diagnoses on admission and functional impairment at discharge ( measured as a loss of 10 or more points between the Barthel Index at discharge and that on admission ) , mortality during hospitalization , at 3 months and one year after discharge . The multivariate analysis was adjusted for age , sex , comorbidity , functional and cognitive status , and serum albumin . Results The study included1147 patients , with a mean age of 86 .7 years ( SD ± 6 .7 ) , and 66% were women . During admission , 10 .1% of patients died and 36 .6% had functional impairment at discharge . After discharge , 25 .5% died at 3 months , and 42 .2% at one year . The distribution of the primary diagnoses at admission ( between parentheses hospital mortality and at year ) were heart failure , 21 .4% ( 8 .1% and 37 .4% ) , pneumonia , 13 .3% ( 12 .3% and 46 .4% ) , and aspiration pneumonia , 4 .7% ( 27 .5% , y 71% ) , respiratory diseases , 13 .3% ( 6 .6% and 38 .2% ) , urinary infection , 10 .2% ( 5 .1% and 42 .7% ) , and stroke ( excluding AIT ) , 9 .9% ( 13 .3% and 46 .9% ) . In the multivariate analysis , only admissions due to aspiration pneumonia were independently associated with increased risk of hospital mortality ( odds ratio , 2 .23 ; 95% CI = 1 .13 to 44 .42 ) , and stroke with increased risk of functional impairment at discharge ( odds ratio , 6 .01 ; 95% CI = 3 .42 - 10 .57 ) . No diagnosis was independently associated with increased risk of death at 3 months and at year Conclusions Admission from aspiration pneumonia carries an increased risk of death in elderly patients hospitalised for acute medical conditions . After discharge , the risk of death must be attributed to factors other than the admission diagnosis

functional impairment functional impairment functional impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Primary cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection occurs during pregnancy in 1% to 4% of seronegative women and may be transmitted to the fetus in up to 40% of cases . Up to 10% of intrauterine CMV infections result in symptomatic congenital disease at birth . Half of these children and 13% of those born with asymptomatic infection will develop significant clinical sequelae in infancy , especially sensorineural hearing loss . Routine CMV screening during pregnancy is not recommended in Spain owing to the absence of an effective CMV vaccine , the lack of preventive measures or therapy during pregnancy , the difficulty in diagnosing a reactivated infection , and the possibility of symptomatic congenital infections in children of immune women . However , sensitive and specific methods to diagnose primary maternal and fetal infection now exist , and new preventive and therapeutic measures have been developed . Currently , these procedures are not universally available and need to be tested in larger trials . Furthermore , the prevalence of seropositive status in pregnant women , the frequency of congenital infection , and the percentage of infants born with hearing impairment and mental retardation in our country are not known . Therefore , it would not be appropriate to introduce routine screening for CMV in pregnancy at the present time . However , increased efforts should be made to inform women about congenital CMV disease , to develop the diagnosis of fetal infection and methods to determine the extent of involvement in the case of suggestive ultrasound findings , and to treat symptomatic infected newborns with antivirals to reduce hearing impairment .

sensorineural hearing loss hearing impairment mental retardation hearing impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Gait impairment , a frequent sign in multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , places a major burden on patients since it results in progressive loss of personal and social autonomy , along with work productivity . This guide aims to provide recommendations on how to evaluate gait impairment and use prolonged - release fampridine ( PR - fampridine ) as treatment for MS patients with gait impairment in Spain . Development PR - fampridine dosed at 10mg every 12hours is currently the only drug approved to treat gait impairment in adults with MS . Additionally , PR - fampridine has been shown in clinical practice to significantly improve quality of life ( QoL ) in patients who respond to treatment . Treatment response can be assessed with the Timed 25 - Foot Walk ( T25FW ) or the 12 - item MS Walking Scale ( MSWS - 12 ) ; tests should be completed before and after starting treatment . The minimum time recommended for evaluating treatment response is 2 weeks after treatment onset . Patients are considered responders and permitted to continue the treatment when they demonstrate a decrease in their T25FW time or an increase in MSWS - 12 scores . A re - evaluation is recommended at least every 6 months . The SF - 36 ( Short Form - 36 ) and the MSIS - 29 ( MS Impact Scale - 29 ) tests are recommended for clinicians interested in performing a detailed QoL assessment . This drug is generally well - tolerated and has a good safety profile . It should be taken on an empty stomach and renal function must be monitored regularly . Conclusions These recommendations will help ensure safer and more efficient prescription practices and easier management of PR - fampridine as treatment for gait impairment in Spanish adults with MS .

Gait impairment progressive loss of personal and social autonomy , along with work productivity gait impairment gait impairment gait impairment gait impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Huntington disease ( HD ) is a progressive neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor , behavioral and cognitive disturbances . Dysphagia is a common and life - threatening symptom of the disease leading to nutritional deficiencies and a high risk of bronchoaspiration . Our objective was to study swallowing dysfunction and to present a specific intervention to improve or maintain swallowing efficiency . Materials and methods We recruited 10 ambulatory HD patients aged between 46 and 79 years old , with a moderate stage of the disease , who were compared with 10 age - and gender - matched healthy controls . The safety and effectiveness of the oral and pharyngeal phases was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively through the volume - viscosity swallow test . Results We observed ineffective lip closure in 6 patients , oral residue in 4 , repetitive swallows in 10 , pharyngeal residue in 7 , cough in 3 , voice changes in 6 , and a drop of 2 points in blood oxygen saturation in a further 3 . Controls scored between 60 and 63 points , while patients scored between 19 and 53 points . Conclusions The oral and pharyngeal swallowing phases are already compromised in moderate stages of HD . We hypothesize that a specific rehabilitation program for dysphagia could improve swallowing difficulties and contribute to maintaining nutritional status in affected individuals . Consequently , we propose a rehabilitation program including orolingual praxis and specific muscular postural strategies .

motor , behavioral and cognitive disturbances Dysphagia dysphagia swallowing difficulties

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Marchiafava Bignami disease is a rare encephalopathy characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum , with the subsequent atrophy . It is usually caused by a chronic abuse of alcohol , although it may also have an idiopathic origin or be related to nutritional deficiencies . It is most frequently seen in middle - aged men with an alcoholism problem ( 40 to 60 years old ) , but it has also been described in non - alcoholic men and in females . Symptoms can show several degrees of mental confusion , lack of memory , impairment of certain cognitive and emotional functions , signs of inter - hemispheric disconnection , dysarthria and gait impairment . The case is presented of a 47 - year - old male patient who came to the emergency department with a decreased level of consciousness and language impairment . After discarding several diagnoses and performing various tests , the MRI showed a hyperintensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum , consistent with the diagnosis of Marchifava Bignami disease It is important to be aware of this disease for the proper approach by nurses in order to provide good quality care .

lack of memory impairment of certain cognitive and emotional functions dysarthria gait impairment language impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective to determine the clinical , functional and mental characteristics of nonagenarians admitted to a medium - stay geriatric unit for hospital - based rehabilitation and to review outcomes at dischargeand 1 year later . Patients and method we performed a longitudinal observational study of nonagenarians consecutively hospitalised in a medium - stay geriatric unit over a 16 - month period . On admission , the variables collected were diagnoses , functional and cognitive status , household composition , comorbidity , and serum albumin . The global and relative functional gain and rate of institutionalization at discharge were also evaluated . After 12 months , the patients were telephoned to establish mortality , functional status , and new admissions . Results the mean age of the 51 patients studied was 92 .06 ( SD 2 .42 ) years and 75% were women . The mean functional gain at discharge was 23 .27 ( SD 14 .06 ) in the Barthel Index ( BI ) , with a relative functional gain of 45 .4% from impairment at admission . At 1 year 31% of the patients were alive and living at home and showed a functional gain of ≥ 20 in the BI from admission . These outcomes increased to 59% in patients with better functional status before admission ( previous BI ≥ 80 ) and absence of severe functional and cognitive impairment at admission ( BI < 20 and Pfeiffer ≥ 5 at admission , respectively ) . Conclusions nonagenarians with recent onset of functional impairment also benefit from rehabilitation in a medium - stay geriatric unit ; those with better functional and cognitive status can achieve results similar to those in younger patients .

severe functional and cognitive impairment functional impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract There is growing acceptance that pregnancy itself is not a protective factor against mental disorders . Indeed , some mental disorders such as psychotic and bipolar disorders may become worse during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period . In pregnant women with a mental disorder that can be treated with antipsychotics , the known risks—teratogenic , obstetric , neonatal and those affecting the mother— indicate that , in general , the risk of the non - treated disorder is higher than that resulting from the use of antipsychotics and that the reduction in psychoticism improves the overall prognosis of these women . All the antipsychotics marketed in Spain are included in category C of the US Food and Drug Administration , with the exception of clozapine and piperazine , which are included in category B . The use of all of these drugs should be avoided during breast feeding as far as possible . The most reliable current recommendations indicate that optimal control of severe mental disorders should be maintained during pregnancy , the postpartum and subsequent periods . These recommendations also indicate that women with mental disorders must be considered as high risk and that both these women and their pregnancies should be constantly monitored . The currently available scientific information does not allow more than relatively secure individually - tailored recommendations to be made . When taking the decision of whether or not to treat with antipsychotics , the use of a risk - benefit relationship is crucial , with the participation of the woman's partner or legal representative , other physicians and even the clinical pharmacist if necessary .

mental disorders mental disorders mental disorder severe mental disorders mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia . Besides age , several factors related to medical , socioeconomic , and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline . The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old . Methods A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase , including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old . Results A total of 22 studies were included in this review . Factors such as diabetes , hyperinsulinemia , overweight or obesity , metabolic syndrome , education , physical activity , cognitive stimulation , marital status and diet , could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age . Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age . However , the quality of the evidence was low .

Cognitive decline dementia cognitive decline cognitive decline cognitive decline cognitive decline cognitive decline

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Brain microbleeds ( BMB ) are haemosiderin deposits contained within macrophages , which are displayed as hypointense images in some T2 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences . There are still many questions to be answered about the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of BMB . Development We conducted a literature review of the main epidemiological , clinical , and anatomical pathology studies of BMB performed in the general population , in patients at risk of or already suffering from a vascular disease , and in patients with cognitive impairment . We analysed the prevalence of BMB , risk factors , and potential pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications . Conclusions The prevalence of BMB is highly variable ( 3% - 27% in the general population , 6% - 80% in patients with vascular risk factors or vascular disease , and 16% - 45% in patients with cognitive impairment ) . BMB are associated with ageing , Alzheimer disease ( AD ) , and in particular haemorrhagic or ischaemic cerebrovascular disease . The pathological substrate of BMB is either lipohyalinosis ( subcortical BMB ) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( lobar BMB ) . BMB exacerbate cognitive impairment , possibly through cortical - subcortical and intracortical disconnection , and increase the risk of death , mostly due to vascular causes . BMB also increase the risk of cerebral haemorrhage , particularly in patients with multiple lobar BMB ( probable erebral amyloid angiopathy ) . Therefore , anticoagulant treatment may be contraindicated in these patients . In patients with lower risk of bleeding , the new oral anticoagulants and the combination of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow - up could be helpful in the decision - making process .

cognitive impairment cognitive impairment cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction and objectives Genomic medicine investigates groups of genetic markers that determine susceptibility for complex diseases . The aim of this review was to introduce genomics to the clinical otorhinolaryngologist . Technological advances in genotyping and sequencing that have facilitated genome - wide association studies in common causes of hearing loss during the last years are summarised . Methods A search strategy in _PubMed_ was designed using the following keywords : ( gene OR genomics OR GWAS OR high throughput ) AND ( hearing loss OR chronic otitis media OR age - related hearing loss OR otosclerosis OR Meniere's disease ) during the last 5 years . A total of 1 , 846 references were obtained . After filtering by human studies and English as the language of publication , 1 , 295 summaries were evaluated , selecting 58 papers . Results The impact of sequencing the human genome in the knowledge of genome architecture , DNA variability and the significance of structural variations in the sequence to cause diseases is presented . The evolution of sequencing technology has determined the design and performance of genetic association studies . Finally , we present genetic association studies performed in common causes of ear diseases .

hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objectives To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with epilepsy from a reference centre in Colombia . Methods Cross - sectional study including patients diagnosed with epilepsy who attended our epilepsy centre ( Neurocentro ) between 2013 and 2016 . Data were gathered from patients’ medical histories . Results We gathered data from a total of 354 patients diagnosed with epilepsy . Median age was 37 years ; 52% were men . Seizures were focal in 57% of the patients and generalised in 38% ; seizure type was not determined in 6% of the sample . The most frequent aetiology was cryptogenic ( 21% ) , followed by traumatic ( 14% ) . Median time of disease progression and age at onset were 23 and 11 years , respectively . Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 18% of the patients and 40% had some degree of cognitive impairment . Around 40% of our sample reported adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs at some point during treatment . Antiepileptic drugs were administered in monotherapy in 36% of the patients . Around 37% had drug - resistant epilepsy and 14% underwent surgery . Conclusions Psychiatric comorbidities , cognitive impairment , adverse drug reactions , and drug - resistant epilepsy are common among epileptic patients in Colombia . Knowledge of the factors with an impact on epilepsy may lay the foundations for improving management of these patients on the administrative level and improving quality of life .

cognitive impairment cognitive impairment

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction and objectives The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems ( BIS and BAS ) has been related to several mental disorders . The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research . The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire ( SPSRQ ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity ( by means of its two scales : the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale ) . Methods A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice ( over the telephone and in a self - administered format ) . Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated . Additionally , possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored . Results Telephone and self - assessment of BIS and BAS , by means of the SPSRQ , provided similar results , supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration . A slight but statistically significant tendency ( estimated betha = 0 .62 ; 95% CI , 0 .33–0 .92 ; p < 0 .001 ) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone - administered SP scale and for the interaction “first or second assessment/telephone or self - administered SPSRQ” for the SR scale ( p = 0 .023 ) . Conclusions The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ .

mental disorders

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of the cardiovascular risk ( RCV ) in users with a Severe Mental Disorder ( SMD ) attended in mental health service in ParcTaulí ( Sabadell - Barcelona ) . Method This is an observational , descriptive and transversal study of the factors of cardiovascular risk in 789 users with SMD . The instrument used was the scale of assessment of the Registre Gironí del Cor , which estimates the risk of cardiovascular disease . Results 26 .6% of the sample has RCV ( 22 .5% moderate , 3 .8% high and 0 .3% very high ) . The analysis of the modifiable risk factors shows that 16 .5% of the patients are hypertensive , 55 .2% are smokers , 19 .77% have hyperglycaemia ( 8 .2% of whom are diagnosed of diabetes mellitus ) , 40 .2% have obesity , 36 .2% overweight and 47 .27% hypercholesterolemia . Conclusions The study confirms that the prevalence of the RVC in SMD users is greater than the RCV in general population and it's associated to the presence of modifiable risk factors . Health education carried out by nurses is the best to prevent the RCV in SMD users .

Severe Mental Disorder SMD SMD SMD SMD

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Objective To establish the validity and reliability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish ( MoCA - S ) to identify mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) and dementia in the Mexican elderly population . Material and methods 168 participants from a memory clinic in Mexico City were enrolled and divided into 3 groups : 59 cognitively healthy ( CHG ) , 52 with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) ( DSM - 5 criteria ) and 57 with dementia ( NINCDS - ADRDA criteria ) . The MoCA - S and Mini - Mental State Evaluation ( MMSE ) were applied at baseline and during the last months to establish intra - observer reliability . ROC curves and a multinomial regression model were constructed to evaluate the effect of age and education on MoCA - S performance . Results The mean age of the participants was 76±8 .1 years and the education rate was 10 .7±5 .2 . The MoCA - S scores by group were : CHG , 27 .3±1 .9 ; MCI , 22 .9±2 .9 ; and dementia , 13 .7±4 .9 ( p<0 .001 ) . The reliability of the MoCA - S was 0 .89 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0 .955 . Sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 75% , with a cut - off point of 26 points for MCI ( area under the curve , 0 .886 ; p<0 .001 ) . For the dementia group , the sensitivity was 98% and specificity was 93% , with a cut - off point of 24points ( area under the curve , 0 .998 ; p<0 .001 ) . The multinomial regression showed no association with education and age for both the MCI and dementia groups . Conclusions The MoCA - S is a valid and reliable instrument for MCI and dementia screening in the Mexican population , even after adjusting for age and education .

mild cognitive impairment MCI dementia mild cognitive impairment MCI dementia dementia MCI dementia MCI dementia MCI dementia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Objective To determine prevalence and clinical characteristics of elderly diabetic patients in nursing homes . Material and method Observational and multicentre study in 14 nursing homes in Cádiz ( Spain ) . Study variables : age , sex , prevalence of diabetes , duration of diabetes , complications , macrovascular complications , retinopathy , nephropathy , and neuropathy . Metabolic control : frequency of baseline blood glucose and HbA1c determinations . Metabolic complications suffered . Treatment : oral and type of antidiabetics , insulinisation . Diabetes education . Functional and mental assessment using Barthel index and MMT . Data was analysed using SPSS v17 .0 . Results A total of 1952 elderly institutionalised patients were studied , with a diabetes prevalence of 26 .44% . The study included 312 patients with a mean age of 79 .7 years , of whom 57 .4% were women , and 66 .9% knew of their diagnosis of diabetes for over 10 years . Vascular events were suffered by 55 .1% , with the most common being ischaemic stroke ( 55 .2% ) , followed by myocardial infarction ( 18% ) and 14 .5% with peripheral arterial disease . There were 29 .6% with retinopathy , 21 .3% diabetic nephropathy , and 25 .6% suffering from distal symmetric polyneuropathy . HbA1c analysis was performed in 90 .1% of patients , with 50% levels between 7 and 9% , with a six - monthly assessment rate of 63 .4% . Metabolic complications : diabetic ketoacidosis 7 .1% , hyperosmolar syndrome 2 .9% , and 15 .7% symptomatic hypoglycaemia . Oral hypoglycaemic agents were being taken by 66% of patients , with the most frequently used being metformin ( 55 .3% ) followed by gliclazide and repaglinide ( 10 .2% , 3 .4% , respectively ) . 50 .2% were insulinised . 45 .6% functional dependence . Barthel Index average of 48 .4 points , with 46 .1% diagnosed with dementia , moderate state , 36 .7% . Conclusions Diabetic prevalence in nursing homes is high , and institutionalised patients are elderly , long - standing diabetics , with both macro - and microvascular complications , and have a significant level of mental and functional disabilities .

functional dependence dementia significant level of mental and functional disabilities

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Introduction Anxiety has negative effects on the cognitive performance and psychosocial adjustment of elderly people . Given the high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in patients suffering from cognitive impairment , it has been suggested that these symptoms may be an early marker of dementia . The State - Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) is one of the most widely - used scales for evaluating anxiety in elderly people . However , inasmuch as the STAI may be difficult to apply to older people , having a short form of it would be desirable . Methods The participants comprised 489 community - dwelling individuals aged 68 years and over . All of them were volunteers in a longitudinal study for early detection of Alzheimer’ Disease ( Proyecto Vallecas ) . The full sample was divided in two homogeneous subgroups : Group A , used to reduce the number of items and response options , and Group B , the group used to determine the psychometric properties of the new short form ( STAIr ) . Results A dichotomous Rasch model was used to obtain the STAIr . No statistically significant differences for STAIr scores were found with respect to sociodemographic variables . Psychometric properties and normative data were obtained for the new short version . Conclusions The STAIr is composed of 13 items and data fits the model well . Since it is short and easy to apply to elderly people , STAIr will be very useful in clinical and research settings .

cognitive impairment dementia

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative process characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration and memory loss . Although its etiology is unknown , several studies have demonstrated that the physiopathology of the disease shows numerous connections with lipoprotein metabolism . Experimental studies and retrospective analyses of large cohorts indicate that statins could influence the natural history of the disease and reduce its incidence . However , the results of clinical trials do not seem to support these findings and indicate that the beneficial effects of these drugs could be limited to delaying progression in subjects with already established disease . Further studies specifically designed to evaluate this new effect are required .

progressive cognitive deterioration memory loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( BPSD ) , present in the vast majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) , cause extensive impairment in all areas , including functionality . Early diagnosis and management are critical , especially since these symptoms are not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM - V ) as a diagnostic criterion of AD , but only as specific features of some patients . The main purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of these behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia , particularly in AD . In addition , we discuss why these symptoms have not been included in the latest DSM - V . Development We conducted a literature search through various databases to gather data about BPSD in AD , and found a total of 12 articles . Conclusions BPSD are present in almost all patients and result in cognitive and functional impairment . The prevalence of these symptoms varies depending on the study and the symptom in question . In our view , BPSD should be included among the DSM diagnostic criteria for AD .

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia BPSD extensive impairment in all areas , including functionality dementia BPSD cognitive and functional impairment BPSD

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background The rheumatoid arthritis is a clinical entity capable to cause hearing impairment that can be diagnosed promptly with high frequencies audiometry . Objective To detect subclinical sensorineural hearing loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . Material and methods Cross - sectional study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis performing high frequency audiometry 125 Hz to 16 , 000 Hz and tympanometry . The results were correlated with markers of disease activity and response to therapy . Results High frequency audiometry was performed in 117 female patients aged from 19 to 65 years . Sensorineural hearing loss was observed at a sensitivity of pure tones from 125 to 8000 Hz in 43 .59% , a tone threshold of 10 , 000 to 16 , 000 Hz in 94 .02% patients in the right ear and in 95 .73% in the left ear . Hearing was normal in 8 ( 6 .84% ) patients . Hearing loss was observed in 109 ( 93 .16% ) , and was asymmetric in 36 ( 30 .77% ) , symmetric in 73 ( 62 .37% ) , bilateral in 107 ( 91 .45% ) , unilateral in 2 ( 1 .71% ) , and no conduction and/or mixed hearing loss was encountered . Eight ( 6 .83% ) patients presented vertigo , 24 ( 20 .51% ) tinnitus . Tympanogram type A presented in 88 .90% in the right ear and 91 .46% in the left ear , with 5 .98–10 .25% type As . Stapedius reflex was present in 75 .3–85 .2% . Speech discrimination in the left ear was significantly different ( _p_ = 0 .02 ) in the group older than 50 years . No association was found regarding markers of disease activity , but there was an association with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis disease . Conclusions Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a high prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss for high and very high frequencies .

hearing impairment subclinical sensorineural hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Hearing loss mixed hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Introduction Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a highly variable clinical course that ranges from benign self - limiting symptoms to a fulminant presentation associated with a high risk of death due to compression of the posterior fossa , acute hydrocephalus , and intracranial hypertension . Methods We reviewed clinical , laboratory , and radiological findings from children diagnosed with acute cerebellitis between May 2007 and November 2016 . We analysed treatments and clinical and radiological progression . Results Nine children met the diagnostic criteria for cerebellitis . Headache , vomiting , and drowsiness were the most frequent initial symptoms ; ataxia , dysarthria , and dysmetria were the most common cerebellar signs . Cerebellitis was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging , which revealed cerebellar involvement ( unilateral or bilateral ) ; computerised tomography images either were normal or showed indirect signs such as triventricular hydrocephalus due to extrinsic compression of the aqueduct of Sylvius . Corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatment ( 6 patients ) . One patient required surgery due to triventricular hydrocephalus . Eight patients recovered completely , whereas the ninth displayed neurological sequelae . Conclusions Cerebellitis is a medical and surgical emergency ; diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and an emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging study . It is a clinical - radiological syndrome characterised by acute or subacute encephalopathy with intracranial hypertension and cerebellar syndrome associated with T2 - weighted and FLAIR hyperintensities in the cerebellar cortex ( unilaterally or bilaterally ) and possible triventricular dilatation . Treatment is based on high - dose corticosteroids and may require external ventricular drain placement and decompressive surgery .

ataxia dysarthria

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome ( RTS ) is a chromosomopathy associated to molecular mutations or microdeletions of chromosome 16 . It has an incidence of 1 : 125 , 000–700 , 000 live births . RTS patients present craniofacial and thoracic anomalies that lead to a probable difficult - to - manage airway and ventilation . They also present mental retardation and comorbidity , such as congenital cardiac defects , pulmonary structural anomalies and recurrent respiratory infections , which increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia . Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported after the use of certain drugs such as succinylcholine and atropine , in a higher incidence than in general population . There is an increased risk of postoperative apnea–hypopnea in these patients . We report the anesthetic management in a RTS patient undergoing emergent thoracic surgery due to oesophageal perforation and mediastinitis . Lung isolation was achieved with a bronchial blocker guided with a fiberoptic bronchoscope and one - lung ventilation was performed successfully .

mental retardation

You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA. A disability is defined as: a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Abstract: Abstract Background The tympanic membrane perforation is generally caused by infection or trauma . It is a condition that can cause hearing loss ; its incidence varies between 1 and 3% of the population in the United States , and even less than 1% in the world population . Objective This study is to conduct a pilot test in which the effectiveness of conservative treatment was measured and compared by applying phenytoin or platelet - rich plasma to close tympanic perforations and the healing period of the same . Patients and methods Ten patients were included and all of them fulfilled the selection criteria : Age over five years - old , indiscriminate sex with a diagnosis of perforated eardrum , eardrum perforation between 30 and 60% and presence of tympanic remnant ; and no previous surgical treatment . Elimination criteria were those patients with marginal eardrum perforations , patients who were not on antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants , poor response to platelet - rich plasma after 6 weeks , patients with known autoimmune , active neoplastic , atopic otic conditions and those currently under immunosuppressive treatments . Participants were randomized into two groups according to treatment : phenytoin ( 0 .2 mg ) or platelet - rich plasma ( 0 .2–0 .5 cc ) . Results Ten patients with unilateral tympanic perforation were recorded whose average age was 26 .9 ± 14 .9 years ; the sex distribution was 1 .5 : 1 male predominance . In treatment A , the average closing time was 3 .8 ± 0 .836 weeks ; meanwhile , in the treatment B the closure time was 5 .2 ± 0 .836 weeks .

hearing loss