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Chapter 2. Setting up OpenShift Pipelines in the web console to view Software Supply Chain Security elements	Chapter 2. Setting up OpenShift Pipelines in the web console to view Software Supply Chain Security elements Use the Developer or Administrator perspective to create or modify a pipeline and view key Software Supply Chain Security elements within a project. Set up OpenShift Pipelines to view: Project vulnerabilities : Visual representation of identified vulnerabilities within a project. Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) : Download or view detailed listing of PipelineRun components. Additionally, PipelineRuns that meet Tekton Chains requirement displays signed badges to their names. This badge indicates that the pipeline run execution results are cryptographically signed and stored securely, for example within an OCI image. Figure 2.1. The signed badge The PipelineRun displays the signed badge to its name only if you have configured Tekton Chains. For information on configuring Tekton Chains, see Using Tekton Chains for OpenShift Pipelines supply chain security . 2.1. Setting up OpenShift Pipelines to view project vulnerabilities The PipelineRun details page provides a visual representation of identified vulnerabilities, categorized by the severity (critical, high, medium, and low). This streamlined view facilitates prioritization and remediation efforts. Figure 2.2. Viewing vulnerabilities on the PipelineRun details page You can also review the vulnerabilities in the Vulnerabilities column in the pipeline run list view page. Figure 2.3. Viewing vulnerabilities on the PipelineRun list view Note Visual representation of identified vulnerabilities is available starting from the OpenShift Container Platform version 4.15 release. Prerequisites You have logged in to the web console . You have the appropriate roles and permissions in a project to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. You have an existing vulnerability scan task. Procedures In the Developer or Administrator perspective, switch to the relevant project where you want a visual representation of vulnerabilities. Update your existing vulnerability scan task to ensure that it stores the output in the .json file and then extracts the vulnerability summary in the following format: # The format to extract vulnerability summary (adjust the jq command for different JSON structures). jq -rce \ '{vulnerabilities:{ critical: (.result.summary.CRITICAL), high: (.result.summary.IMPORTANT), medium: (.result.summary.MODERATE), low: (.result.summary.LOW) }}' scan_output.json \| tee USD(results.SCAN_OUTPUT.path) Note You might need to adjust the jq command for different JSON structures. (Optional) If you do not have a vulnerability scan task, create one in the following format: Example vulnerability scan task using Roxctl apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1 kind: Task metadata: name: vulnerability-scan 1 annotations: task.output.location: results 2 task.results.format: application/json task.results.key: SCAN_OUTPUT 3 spec: results: - description: CVE result format 4 name: SCAN_OUTPUT steps: - name: roxctl 5 image: quay.io/roxctl-tool-image 6 env: - name: ENV_VAR_NAME_1 7 valueFrom: secretKeyRef: key: secret_key_1 name: secret_name_1 env: - name: ENV_VAR_NAME_2 valueFrom: secretKeyRef: key: secret_key_2 name: secret_name_2 script: \| 8 #!/bin/sh # Sample shell script echo "ENV_VAR_NAME_1: " USDENV_VAR_NAME_1 echo "ENV_VAR_NAME_2: " USDENV_VAR_NAME_2 jq --version (adjust the jq command for different JSON structures) curl -k -L -H "Authorization: Bearer USDENV_VAR_NAME_1" https://USDENV_VAR_NAME_2/api/cli/download/roxctl-linux --output ./roxctl chmod +x ./roxctl echo "roxctl version" ./roxctl version echo "image from pipeline: " # Replace the following line with your dynamic image logic DYNAMIC_IMAGE=USD(get_dynamic_image_logic_here) echo "Dynamic image: USDDYNAMIC_IMAGE" ./roxctl image scan --insecure-skip-tls-verify -e USDENV_VAR_NAME_2 --image USDDYNAMIC_IMAGE --output json > roxctl_output.json more roxctl_output.json jq -rce \ 9 '{vulnerabilities:{ critical: (.result.summary.CRITICAL), high: (.result.summary.IMPORTANT), medium: (.result.summary.MODERATE), low: (.result.summary.LOW) }}' scan_output.json \| tee USD(results.SCAN_OUTPUT.path) 1 The name of your task. 2 The location for storing the task outputs. 3 The naming convention of the scan task result. A valid naming convention must end with the SCAN_OUTPUT string. For example, SCAN_OUTPUT, MY_CUSTOM_SCAN_OUTPUT, or ACS_SCAN_OUTPUT. 4 The description of the result. 5 The name of the vulnerability scanning tool that you have used. 6 The location of the actual image containing the scan tool. 7 The tool-specific environment variables. 8 The shell script to be executed with json output. For example, scan_output.json. 9 The format to extract vulnerability summary (adjust jq command for different JSON structures). Note This is an example configuration. Modify the values according to your specific scanning tool to set results in the expected format. Update an appropriate Pipeline to add vulnerabilities specifications in the following format: ... spec: results: - description: The common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) result name: SCAN_OUTPUT value: USD(tasks.vulnerability-scan.results.SCAN_OUTPUT) Verification Navigate to the PipelineRun details page and review the Vulnerabilities row for a visual representation of identified vulnerabilities. Alternatively, you can navigate to the PipelineRun list view page, and review the Vulnerabilities column. 2.2. Setting up OpenShift Pipelines to download or view SBOMs The PipelineRun details page provides an option to download or view Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs), enhancing transparency and control within your supply chain. SBOMs lists all the software libraries that a component uses. Those libraries can enable specific functionality or facilitate development. You can use an SBOM to better understand the composition of your software, identify vulnerabilities, and assess the potential impact of any security issues that might arise. Figure 2.4. Options to download or view SBOMs Prerequisites You have logged in to the web console . You have the appropriate roles and permissions in a project to create applications and other workloads in OpenShift Container Platform. Procedure In the Developer or Administrator perspective, switch to the relevant project where you want a visual representation of SBOMs. Add a task in the following format to view or download the SBOM information: Example SBOM task apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1 kind: Task metadata: name: sbom-task 1 annotations: task.output.location: results 2 task.results.format: application/text task.results.key: LINK_TO_SBOM 3 task.results.type: external-link 4 spec: results: - description: Contains the SBOM link 5 name: LINK_TO_SBOM steps: - name: print-sbom-results image: quay.io/image 6 script: \| 7 #!/bin/sh syft version syft quay.io/<username>/quarkus-demo:v2 --output cyclonedx-json=sbom-image.json echo 'BEGIN SBOM' cat sbom-image.json echo 'END SBOM' echo 'quay.io/user/workloads/<namespace>/node-express/node-express:build-8e536-1692702836' \| tee USD(results.LINK_TO_SBOM.path) 8 1 The name of your task. 2 The location for storing the task outputs. 3 The SBOM task result name. Do not change the name of the SBOM result task. 4 (Optional) Set to open the SBOM in a new tab. 5 The description of the result. 6 The image that generates the SBOM. 7 The script that generates the SBOM image. 8 The SBOM image along with the path name. Update the Pipeline to reference the newly created SBOM task. ... spec: tasks: - name: sbom-task taskRef: name: sbom-task 1 results: - name: IMAGE_URL 2 description: url value: <oci_image_registry_url> 3 1 The same name as created in Step 2. 2 The name of the result. 3 The OCI image repository URL which contains the .sbom images. Rerun the affected OpenShift Pipeline. 2.2.1. Viewing an SBOM in the web UI Prerequisites You have set up OpenShift Pipelines to download or view SBOMs. Procedure Navigate to the Activity PipelineRuns tab. For the project whose SBOM you want to view, select its most recent pipeline run. On the PipelineRun details page, select View SBOM . You can use your web browser to immediately search the SBOM for terms that indicate vulnerabilities in your software supply chain. For example, try searching for log4j . You can select Download to download the SBOM, or Expand to view it full-screen. 2.2.2. Downloading an SBOM in the CLI Prerequisites You have installed the Cosign CLI tool. For information about installing the Cosign tool, see the Sigstore documentation for Cosign . You have set up OpenShift Pipelines to download or view SBOMs. Procedure Open terminal, log in to Developer or Administrator perspective, and then switch to the relevant project. From the OpenShift web console, copy the download sbom command and run it on your terminal. Example cosign command USD cosign download sbom quay.io/<workspace>/user-workload@sha256 (Optional) To view the full SBOM in a searchable format, run the following command to redirect the output: Example cosign command USD cosign download sbom quay.io/<workspace>/user-workload@sha256 > sbom.txt 2.2.3. Reading the SBOM In the SBOM, as the following sample excerpt shows, you can see four characteristics of each library that a project uses: Its author or publisher Its name Its version Its licenses This information helps you verify that individual libraries are safely-sourced, updated, and compliant. Example SBOM { "bomFormat": "CycloneDX", "specVersion": "1.4", "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:89146fc4-342f-496b-9cc9-07a6a1554220", "version": 1, "metadata": { ... }, "components": [ { "bom-ref": "pkg:pypi/[email protected]?package-id=d6ad7ed5aac04a8", "type": "library", "author": "Armin Ronacher <[email protected]>", "name": "Flask", "version": "2.1.0", "licenses": [ { "license": { "id": "BSD-3-Clause" } } ], "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:armin-ronacher:python-Flask:2.1.0:::::::*", "purl": "pkg:pypi/[email protected]", "properties": [ { "name": "syft:package:foundBy", "value": "python-package-cataloger" ... 2.3. Additional resources Working with Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines in the web console	[ "The format to extract vulnerability summary (adjust the jq command for different JSON structures). jq -rce '{vulnerabilities:{ critical: (.result.summary.CRITICAL), high: (.result.summary.IMPORTANT), medium: (.result.summary.MODERATE), low: (.result.summary.LOW) }}' scan_output.json \| tee USD(results.SCAN_OUTPUT.path)", "apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1 kind: Task metadata: name: vulnerability-scan 1 annotations: task.output.location: results 2 task.results.format: application/json task.results.key: SCAN_OUTPUT 3 spec: results: - description: CVE result format 4 name: SCAN_OUTPUT steps: - name: roxctl 5 image: quay.io/roxctl-tool-image 6 env: - name: ENV_VAR_NAME_1 7 valueFrom: secretKeyRef: key: secret_key_1 name: secret_name_1 env: - name: ENV_VAR_NAME_2 valueFrom: secretKeyRef: key: secret_key_2 name: secret_name_2 script: \| 8 #!/bin/sh # Sample shell script echo \"ENV_VAR_NAME_1: \" USDENV_VAR_NAME_1 echo \"ENV_VAR_NAME_2: \" USDENV_VAR_NAME_2 jq --version (adjust the jq command for different JSON structures) curl -k -L -H \"Authorization: Bearer USDENV_VAR_NAME_1\" https://USDENV_VAR_NAME_2/api/cli/download/roxctl-linux --output ./roxctl chmod +x ./roxctl echo \"roxctl version\" ./roxctl version echo \"image from pipeline: \" # Replace the following line with your dynamic image logic DYNAMIC_IMAGE=USD(get_dynamic_image_logic_here) echo \"Dynamic image: USDDYNAMIC_IMAGE\" ./roxctl image scan --insecure-skip-tls-verify -e USDENV_VAR_NAME_2 --image USDDYNAMIC_IMAGE --output json > roxctl_output.json more roxctl_output.json jq -rce \\ 9 '{vulnerabilities:{ critical: (.result.summary.CRITICAL), high: (.result.summary.IMPORTANT), medium: (.result.summary.MODERATE), low: (.result.summary.LOW) }}' scan_output.json \| tee USD(results.SCAN_OUTPUT.path)", "spec: results: - description: The common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) result name: SCAN_OUTPUT value: USD(tasks.vulnerability-scan.results.SCAN_OUTPUT)", "apiVersion: tekton.dev/v1 kind: Task metadata: name: sbom-task 1 annotations: task.output.location: results 2 task.results.format: application/text task.results.key: LINK_TO_SBOM 3 task.results.type: external-link 4 spec: results: - description: Contains the SBOM link 5 name: LINK_TO_SBOM steps: - name: print-sbom-results image: quay.io/image 6 script: \| 7 #!/bin/sh syft version syft quay.io/<username>/quarkus-demo:v2 --output cyclonedx-json=sbom-image.json echo 'BEGIN SBOM' cat sbom-image.json echo 'END SBOM' echo 'quay.io/user/workloads/<namespace>/node-express/node-express:build-8e536-1692702836' \| tee USD(results.LINK_TO_SBOM.path) 8", "spec: tasks: - name: sbom-task taskRef: name: sbom-task 1 results: - name: IMAGE_URL 2 description: url value: <oci_image_registry_url> 3", "cosign download sbom quay.io/<workspace>/user-workload@sha256", "cosign download sbom quay.io/<workspace>/user-workload@sha256 > sbom.txt", "{ \"bomFormat\": \"CycloneDX\", \"specVersion\": \"1.4\", \"serialNumber\": \"urn:uuid:89146fc4-342f-496b-9cc9-07a6a1554220\", \"version\": 1, \"metadata\": { }, \"components\": [ { \"bom-ref\": \"pkg:pypi/[email protected]?package-id=d6ad7ed5aac04a8\", \"type\": \"library\", \"author\": \"Armin Ronacher <[email protected]>\", \"name\": \"Flask\", \"version\": \"2.1.0\", \"licenses\": [ { \"license\": { \"id\": \"BSD-3-Clause\" } } ], \"cpe\": \"cpe:2.3:a:armin-ronacher:python-Flask:2.1.0:::::::*\", \"purl\": \"pkg:pypi/[email protected]\", \"properties\": [ { \"name\": \"syft:package:foundBy\", \"value\": \"python-package-cataloger\"" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_openshift_pipelines/1.15/html/securing_openshift_pipelines/setting-up-openshift-pipelines-to-view-software-supply-chain-security-elements
Chapter 16. Performing rolling upgrades for Data Grid Server clusters	Chapter 16. Performing rolling upgrades for Data Grid Server clusters Perform rolling upgrades of your Data Grid clusters to change between versions without downtime or data loss and migrate data over the Hot Rod protocol. 16.1. Setting up target Data Grid clusters Create a cluster that uses the Data Grid version to which you plan to upgrade and then connect the source cluster to the target cluster using a remote cache store. Prerequisites Install Data Grid Server nodes with the desired version for your target cluster. Important Ensure the network properties for the target cluster do not overlap with those for the source cluster. You should specify unique names for the target and source clusters in the JGroups transport configuration. Depending on your environment you can also use different network interfaces and port offsets to separate the target and source clusters. Procedure Create a remote cache store configuration, in JSON format, that allows the target cluster to connect to the source cluster. Remote cache stores on the target cluster use the Hot Rod protocol to retrieve data from the source cluster. { "remote-store": { "cache": "myCache", "shared": true, "raw-values": true, "security": { "authentication": { "digest": { "username": "username", "password": "changeme", "realm": "default" } } }, "remote-server": [ { "host": "127.0.0.1", "port": 12222 } ] } } Use the Data Grid Command Line Interface (CLI) or REST API to add the remote cache store configuration to the target cluster so it can connect to the source cluster. CLI: Use the migrate cluster connect command on the target cluster. REST API: Invoke a POST request that includes the remote store configuration in the payload with the rolling-upgrade/source-connection method. Repeat the preceding step for each cache that you want to migrate. Switch clients over to the target cluster, so it starts handling all requests. Update client configuration with the location of the target cluster. Restart clients. Important If you need to migrate Indexed caches you must first migrate the internal ___protobuf_metadata cache so that the .proto schemas defined on the source cluster will also be present on the target cluster. Additional resources Remote cache store configuration schema 16.2. Synchronizing data to target clusters When you set up a target Data Grid cluster and connect it to a source cluster, the target cluster can handle client requests using a remote cache store and load data on demand. To completely migrate data to the target cluster, so you can decommission the source cluster, you can synchronize data. This operation reads data from the source cluster and writes it to the target cluster. Data migrates to all nodes in the target cluster in parallel, with each node receiving a subset of the data. You must perform the synchronization for each cache that you want to migrate to the target cluster. Prerequisites Set up a target cluster with the appropriate Data Grid version. Procedure Start synchronizing each cache that you want to migrate to the target cluster with the Data Grid Command Line Interface (CLI) or REST API. CLI: Use the migrate cluster synchronize command. REST API: Use the ?action=sync-data parameter with a POST request. When the operation completes, Data Grid responds with the total number of entries copied to the target cluster. Disconnect each node in the target cluster from the source cluster. CLI: Use the migrate cluster disconnect command. REST API: Invoke a DELETE request. steps After you synchronize all data from the source cluster, the rolling upgrade process is complete. You can now decommission the source cluster.	[ "{ \"remote-store\": { \"cache\": \"myCache\", \"shared\": true, \"raw-values\": true, \"security\": { \"authentication\": { \"digest\": { \"username\": \"username\", \"password\": \"changeme\", \"realm\": \"default\" } } }, \"remote-server\": [ { \"host\": \"127.0.0.1\", \"port\": 12222 } ] } }", "[//containers/default]> migrate cluster connect -c myCache --file=remote-store.json", "POST /rest/v2/caches/myCache/rolling-upgrade/source-connection", "migrate cluster synchronize -c myCache", "POST /rest/v2/caches/myCache?action=sync-data", "migrate cluster disconnect -c myCache", "DELETE /rest/v2/caches/myCache/rolling-upgrade/source-connection" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_data_grid/8.4/html/data_grid_server_guide/rolling-upgrades
Making open source more inclusive	Making open source more inclusive Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright's message .	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_amq/2021.q3/html/release_notes_for_red_hat_amq_broker_7.9/making_open_source_more_inclusive
Chapter 17. Syncing LDAP groups	Chapter 17. Syncing LDAP groups As an administrator, you can use groups to manage users, change their permissions, and enhance collaboration. Your organization may have already created user groups and stored them in an LDAP server. OpenShift Container Platform can sync those LDAP records with internal OpenShift Container Platform records, enabling you to manage your groups in one place. OpenShift Container Platform currently supports group sync with LDAP servers using three common schemas for defining group membership: RFC 2307, Active Directory, and augmented Active Directory. For more information on configuring LDAP, see Configuring an LDAP identity provider . Note You must have cluster-admin privileges to sync groups. 17.1. About configuring LDAP sync Before you can run LDAP sync, you need a sync configuration file. This file contains the following LDAP client configuration details: Configuration for connecting to your LDAP server. Sync configuration options that are dependent on the schema used in your LDAP server. An administrator-defined list of name mappings that maps OpenShift Container Platform group names to groups in your LDAP server. The format of the configuration file depends upon the schema you are using: RFC 2307, Active Directory, or augmented Active Directory. LDAP client configuration The LDAP client configuration section of the configuration defines the connections to your LDAP server. The LDAP client configuration section of the configuration defines the connections to your LDAP server. LDAP client configuration url: ldap://10.0.0.0:389 1 bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com 2 bindPassword: <password> 3 insecure: false 4 ca: my-ldap-ca-bundle.crt 5 1 The connection protocol, IP address of the LDAP server hosting your database, and the port to connect to, formatted as scheme://host:port . 2 Optional distinguished name (DN) to use as the Bind DN. OpenShift Container Platform uses this if elevated privilege is required to retrieve entries for the sync operation. 3 Optional password to use to bind. OpenShift Container Platform uses this if elevated privilege is necessary to retrieve entries for the sync operation. This value may also be provided in an environment variable, external file, or encrypted file. 4 When false , secure LDAP ( ldaps:// ) URLs connect using TLS, and insecure LDAP ( ldap:// ) URLs are upgraded to TLS. When true , no TLS connection is made to the server and you cannot use ldaps:// URL schemes. 5 The certificate bundle to use for validating server certificates for the configured URL. If empty, OpenShift Container Platform uses system-trusted roots. This only applies if insecure is set to false . LDAP query definition Sync configurations consist of LDAP query definitions for the entries that are required for synchronization. The specific definition of an LDAP query depends on the schema used to store membership information in the LDAP server. LDAP query definition baseDN: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 scope: sub 2 derefAliases: never 3 timeout: 0 4 filter: (objectClass=person) 5 pageSize: 0 6 1 The distinguished name (DN) of the branch of the directory where all searches will start from. It is required that you specify the top of your directory tree, but you can also specify a subtree in the directory. 2 The scope of the search. Valid values are base , one , or sub . If this is left undefined, then a scope of sub is assumed. Descriptions of the scope options can be found in the table below. 3 The behavior of the search with respect to aliases in the LDAP tree. Valid values are never , search , base , or always . If this is left undefined, then the default is to always dereference aliases. Descriptions of the dereferencing behaviors can be found in the table below. 4 The time limit allowed for the search by the client, in seconds. A value of 0 imposes no client-side limit. 5 A valid LDAP search filter. If this is left undefined, then the default is (objectClass=) . 6 The optional maximum size of response pages from the server, measured in LDAP entries. If set to 0 , no size restrictions will be made on pages of responses. Setting paging sizes is necessary when queries return more entries than the client or server allow by default. Table 17.1. LDAP search scope options LDAP search scope Description base Only consider the object specified by the base DN given for the query. one Consider all of the objects on the same level in the tree as the base DN for the query. sub Consider the entire subtree rooted at the base DN given for the query. Table 17.2. LDAP dereferencing behaviors Dereferencing behavior Description never Never dereference any aliases found in the LDAP tree. search Only dereference aliases found while searching. base Only dereference aliases while finding the base object. always Always dereference all aliases found in the LDAP tree. User-defined name mapping A user-defined name mapping explicitly maps the names of OpenShift Container Platform groups to unique identifiers that find groups on your LDAP server. The mapping uses normal YAML syntax. A user-defined mapping can contain an entry for every group in your LDAP server or only a subset of those groups. If there are groups on the LDAP server that do not have a user-defined name mapping, the default behavior during sync is to use the attribute specified as the OpenShift Container Platform group's name. User-defined name mapping groupUIDNameMapping: "cn=group1,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com": firstgroup "cn=group2,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com": secondgroup "cn=group3,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com": thirdgroup 17.1.1. About the RFC 2307 configuration file The RFC 2307 schema requires you to provide an LDAP query definition for both user and group entries, as well as the attributes with which to represent them in the internal OpenShift Container Platform records. For clarity, the group you create in OpenShift Container Platform should use attributes other than the distinguished name whenever possible for user- or administrator-facing fields. For example, identify the users of an OpenShift Container Platform group by their e-mail, and use the name of the group as the common name. The following configuration file creates these relationships: Note If using user-defined name mappings, your configuration file will differ. LDAP sync configuration that uses RFC 2307 schema: rfc2307_config.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 1 insecure: false 2 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: "ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 3 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 4 groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] 5 usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn 6 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 7 tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false 1 The IP address and host of the LDAP server where this group's record is stored. 2 When false , secure LDAP ( ldaps:// ) URLs connect using TLS, and insecure LDAP ( ldap:// ) URLs are upgraded to TLS. When true , no TLS connection is made to the server and you cannot use ldaps:// URL schemes. 3 The attribute that uniquely identifies a group on the LDAP server. You cannot specify groupsQuery filters when using DN for groupUIDAttribute . For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. 4 The attribute to use as the name of the group. 5 The attribute on the group that stores the membership information. 6 The attribute that uniquely identifies a user on the LDAP server. You cannot specify usersQuery filters when using DN for userUIDAttribute. For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. 7 The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. 17.1.2. About the Active Directory configuration file The Active Directory schema requires you to provide an LDAP query definition for user entries, as well as the attributes to represent them with in the internal OpenShift Container Platform group records. For clarity, the group you create in OpenShift Container Platform should use attributes other than the distinguished name whenever possible for user- or administrator-facing fields. For example, identify the users of an OpenShift Container Platform group by their e-mail, but define the name of the group by the name of the group on the LDAP server. The following configuration file creates these relationships: LDAP sync configuration that uses Active Directory schema: active_directory_config.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 activeDirectory: usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 1 groupMembershipAttributes: [ memberOf ] 2 1 The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. 2 The attribute on the user that stores the membership information. 17.1.3. About the augmented Active Directory configuration file The augmented Active Directory schema requires you to provide an LDAP query definition for both user entries and group entries, as well as the attributes with which to represent them in the internal OpenShift Container Platform group records. For clarity, the group you create in OpenShift Container Platform should use attributes other than the distinguished name whenever possible for user- or administrator-facing fields. For example, identify the users of an OpenShift Container Platform group by their e-mail, and use the name of the group as the common name. The following configuration file creates these relationships. LDAP sync configuration that uses augmented Active Directory schema: augmented_active_directory_config.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 augmentedActiveDirectory: groupsQuery: baseDN: "ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 1 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 2 usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 3 groupMembershipAttributes: [ memberOf ] 4 1 The attribute that uniquely identifies a group on the LDAP server. You cannot specify groupsQuery filters when using DN for groupUIDAttribute. For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. 2 The attribute to use as the name of the group. 3 The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. 4 The attribute on the user that stores the membership information. 17.2. Running LDAP sync Once you have created a sync configuration file, you can begin to sync. OpenShift Container Platform allows administrators to perform a number of different sync types with the same server. 17.2.1. Syncing the LDAP server with OpenShift Container Platform You can sync all groups from the LDAP server with OpenShift Container Platform. Prerequisites Create a sync configuration file. Procedure To sync all groups from the LDAP server with OpenShift Container Platform: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm Note By default, all group synchronization operations are dry-run, so you must set the --confirm flag on the oc adm groups sync command to make changes to OpenShift Container Platform group records. 17.2.2. Syncing OpenShift Container Platform groups with the LDAP server You can sync all groups already in OpenShift Container Platform that correspond to groups in the LDAP server specified in the configuration file. Prerequisites Create a sync configuration file. Procedure To sync OpenShift Container Platform groups with the LDAP server: USD oc adm groups sync --type=openshift --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm Note By default, all group synchronization operations are dry-run, so you must set the --confirm flag on the oc adm groups sync command to make changes to OpenShift Container Platform group records. 17.2.3. Syncing subgroups from the LDAP server with OpenShift Container Platform You can sync a subset of LDAP groups with OpenShift Container Platform using whitelist files, blacklist files, or both. Note You can use any combination of blacklist files, whitelist files, or whitelist literals. Whitelist and blacklist files must contain one unique group identifier per line, and you can include whitelist literals directly in the command itself. These guidelines apply to groups found on LDAP servers as well as groups already present in OpenShift Container Platform. Prerequisites Create a sync configuration file. Procedure To sync a subset of LDAP groups with OpenShift Container Platform, use any the following commands: USD oc adm groups sync --whitelist=<whitelist_file> \ --sync-config=config.yaml \ --confirm USD oc adm groups sync --blacklist=<blacklist_file> \ --sync-config=config.yaml \ --confirm USD oc adm groups sync <group_unique_identifier> \ --sync-config=config.yaml \ --confirm USD oc adm groups sync <group_unique_identifier> \ --whitelist=<whitelist_file> \ --blacklist=<blacklist_file> \ --sync-config=config.yaml \ --confirm USD oc adm groups sync --type=openshift \ --whitelist=<whitelist_file> \ --sync-config=config.yaml \ --confirm Note By default, all group synchronization operations are dry-run, so you must set the --confirm flag on the oc adm groups sync command to make changes to OpenShift Container Platform group records. 17.3. Running a group pruning job An administrator can also choose to remove groups from OpenShift Container Platform records if the records on the LDAP server that created them are no longer present. The prune job will accept the same sync configuration file and whitelists or blacklists as used for the sync job. For example: USD oc adm prune groups --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm USD oc adm prune groups --whitelist=/path/to/whitelist.txt --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm USD oc adm prune groups --blacklist=/path/to/blacklist.txt --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm 17.4. Automatically syncing LDAP groups You can automatically sync LDAP groups on a periodic basis by configuring a cron job. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. You have configured an LDAP identity provider (IDP). This procedure assumes that you created an LDAP secret named ldap-secret and a config map named ca-config-map . Procedure Create a project where the cron job will run: USD oc new-project ldap-sync 1 1 This procedure uses a project called ldap-sync . Locate the secret and config map that you created when configuring the LDAP identity provider and copy them to this new project. The secret and config map exist in the openshift-config project and must be copied to the new ldap-sync project. Define a service account: Example ldap-sync-service-account.yaml kind: ServiceAccount apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync Create the service account: USD oc create -f ldap-sync-service-account.yaml Define a cluster role: Example ldap-sync-cluster-role.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer rules: - apiGroups: - '' - user.openshift.io resources: - groups verbs: - get - list - create - update Create the cluster role: USD oc create -f ldap-sync-cluster-role.yaml Define a cluster role binding to bind the cluster role to the service account: Example ldap-sync-cluster-role-binding.yaml kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ldap-group-syncer 1 namespace: ldap-sync roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: ldap-group-syncer 2 1 Reference to the service account created earlier in this procedure. 2 Reference to the cluster role created earlier in this procedure. Create the cluster role binding: USD oc create -f ldap-sync-cluster-role-binding.yaml Define a config map that specifies the sync configuration file: Example ldap-sync-config-map.yaml kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync data: sync.yaml: \| 1 kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldaps://10.0.0.0:389 2 insecure: false bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com 3 bindPassword: file: "/etc/secrets/bindPassword" ca: /etc/ldap-ca/ca.crt rfc2307: 4 groupsQuery: baseDN: "ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com" 5 scope: sub filter: "(objectClass=groupOfMembers)" derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" 6 scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn userNameAttributes: [ uid ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false 1 Define the sync configuration file. 2 Specify the URL. 3 Specify the bindDN . 4 This example uses the RFC2307 schema; adjust values as necessary. You can also use a different schema. 5 Specify the baseDN for groupsQuery . 6 Specify the baseDN for usersQuery . Create the config map: USD oc create -f ldap-sync-config-map.yaml Define a cron job: Example ldap-sync-cron-job.yaml kind: CronJob apiVersion: batch/v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync spec: 1 schedule: "/30 * * * *" 2 concurrencyPolicy: Forbid jobTemplate: spec: backoffLimit: 0 ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 1800 3 template: spec: containers: - name: ldap-group-sync image: "registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-cli:latest" command: - "/bin/bash" - "-c" - "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=/etc/config/sync.yaml --confirm" 4 volumeMounts: - mountPath: "/etc/config" name: "ldap-sync-volume" - mountPath: "/etc/secrets" name: "ldap-bind-password" - mountPath: "/etc/ldap-ca" name: "ldap-ca" volumes: - name: "ldap-sync-volume" configMap: name: "ldap-group-syncer" - name: "ldap-bind-password" secret: secretName: "ldap-secret" 5 - name: "ldap-ca" configMap: name: "ca-config-map" 6 restartPolicy: "Never" terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 activeDeadlineSeconds: 500 dnsPolicy: "ClusterFirst" serviceAccountName: "ldap-group-syncer" 1 Configure the settings for the cron job. See "Creating cron jobs" for more information on cron job settings. 2 The schedule for the job specified in cron format . This example cron job runs every 30 minutes. Adjust the frequency as necessary, making sure to take into account how long the sync takes to run. 3 How long, in seconds, to keep finished jobs. This should match the period of the job schedule in order to clean old failed jobs and prevent unnecessary alerts. For more information, see TTL-after-finished Controller in the Kubernetes documentation. 4 The LDAP sync command for the cron job to run. Passes in the sync configuration file that was defined in the config map. 5 This secret was created when the LDAP IDP was configured. 6 This config map was created when the LDAP IDP was configured. Create the cron job: USD oc create -f ldap-sync-cron-job.yaml Additional resources Configuring an LDAP identity provider Creating cron jobs 17.5. LDAP group sync examples This section contains examples for the RFC 2307, Active Directory, and augmented Active Directory schemas. Note These examples assume that all users are direct members of their respective groups. Specifically, no groups have other groups as members. See the Nested Membership Sync Example for information on how to sync nested groups. 17.5.1. Syncing groups using the RFC 2307 schema For the RFC 2307 schema, the following examples synchronize a group named admins that has two members: Jane and Jim . The examples explain: How the group and users are added to the LDAP server. What the resulting group record in OpenShift Container Platform will be after synchronization. Note These examples assume that all users are direct members of their respective groups. Specifically, no groups have other groups as members. See the Nested Membership Sync Example for information on how to sync nested groups. In the RFC 2307 schema, both users (Jane and Jim) and groups exist on the LDAP server as first-class entries, and group membership is stored in attributes on the group. The following snippet of ldif defines the users and group for this schema: LDAP entries that use RFC 2307 schema: rfc2307.ldif dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 2 member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 The group is a first-class entry in the LDAP server. 2 Members of a group are listed with an identifying reference as attributes on the group. Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the rfc2307_config.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config.yaml --confirm OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the rfc2307_config.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The last time this OpenShift Container Platform group was synchronized with the LDAP server, in ISO 6801 format. 2 The unique identifier for the group on the LDAP server. 3 The IP address and host of the LDAP server where this group's record is stored. 4 The name of the group as specified by the sync file. 5 The users that are members of the group, named as specified by the sync file. 17.5.2. Syncing groups using the RFC2307 schema with user-defined name mappings When syncing groups with user-defined name mappings, the configuration file changes to contain these mappings as shown below. LDAP sync configuration that uses RFC 2307 schema with user-defined name mappings: rfc2307_config_user_defined.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 groupUIDNameMapping: "cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com": Administrators 1 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: "ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 2 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 3 groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn 4 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false 1 The user-defined name mapping. 2 The unique identifier attribute that is used for the keys in the user-defined name mapping. You cannot specify groupsQuery filters when using DN for groupUIDAttribute. For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. 3 The attribute to name OpenShift Container Platform groups with if their unique identifier is not in the user-defined name mapping. 4 The attribute that uniquely identifies a user on the LDAP server. You cannot specify usersQuery filters when using DN for userUIDAttribute. For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the rfc2307_config_user_defined.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config_user_defined.yaml --confirm OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the rfc2307_config_user_defined.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 creationTimestamp: name: Administrators 1 users: - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The name of the group as specified by the user-defined name mapping. 17.5.3. Syncing groups using RFC 2307 with user-defined error tolerances By default, if the groups being synced contain members whose entries are outside of the scope defined in the member query, the group sync fails with an error: This often indicates a misconfigured baseDN in the usersQuery field. However, in cases where the baseDN intentionally does not contain some of the members of the group, setting tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: true allows the group sync to continue. Out of scope members will be ignored. Similarly, when the group sync process fails to locate a member for a group, it fails outright with errors: This often indicates a misconfigured usersQuery field. However, in cases where the group contains member entries that are known to be missing, setting tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: true allows the group sync to continue. Problematic members will be ignored. Warning Enabling error tolerances for the LDAP group sync causes the sync process to ignore problematic member entries. If the LDAP group sync is not configured correctly, this could result in synced OpenShift Container Platform groups missing members. LDAP entries that use RFC 2307 schema with problematic group membership: rfc2307_problematic_users.ldif dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=INVALID,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 member: cn=Jim,ou=OUTOFSCOPE,dc=example,dc=com 2 1 A member that does not exist on the LDAP server. 2 A member that may exist, but is not under the baseDN in the user query for the sync job. To tolerate the errors in the above example, the following additions to your sync configuration file must be made: LDAP sync configuration that uses RFC 2307 schema tolerating errors: rfc2307_config_tolerating.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: "ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never groupUIDAttribute: dn groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never userUIDAttribute: dn 1 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: true 2 tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: true 3 1 The attribute that uniquely identifies a user on the LDAP server. You cannot specify usersQuery filters when using DN for userUIDAttribute. For fine-grained filtering, use the whitelist / blacklist method. 2 When true , the sync job tolerates groups for which some members were not found, and members whose LDAP entries are not found are ignored. The default behavior for the sync job is to fail if a member of a group is not found. 3 When true , the sync job tolerates groups for which some members are outside the user scope given in the usersQuery base DN, and members outside the member query scope are ignored. The default behavior for the sync job is to fail if a member of a group is out of scope. Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the rfc2307_config_tolerating.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config_tolerating.yaml --confirm OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the rfc2307_config.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 creationTimestamp: name: admins users: 1 - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The users that are members of the group, as specified by the sync file. Members for which lookup encountered tolerated errors are absent. 17.5.4. Syncing groups using the Active Directory schema In the Active Directory schema, both users (Jane and Jim) exist in the LDAP server as first-class entries, and group membership is stored in attributes on the user. The following snippet of ldif defines the users and group for this schema: LDAP entries that use Active Directory schema: active_directory.ldif dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: admins 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: admins 1 The user's group memberships are listed as attributes on the user, and the group does not exist as an entry on the server. The memberOf attribute does not have to be a literal attribute on the user; in some LDAP servers, it is created during search and returned to the client, but not committed to the database. Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the active_directory_config.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=active_directory_config.yaml --confirm OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the active_directory_config.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: admins 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The last time this OpenShift Container Platform group was synchronized with the LDAP server, in ISO 6801 format. 2 The unique identifier for the group on the LDAP server. 3 The IP address and host of the LDAP server where this group's record is stored. 4 The name of the group as listed in the LDAP server. 5 The users that are members of the group, named as specified by the sync file. 17.5.5. Syncing groups using the augmented Active Directory schema In the augmented Active Directory schema, both users (Jane and Jim) and groups exist in the LDAP server as first-class entries, and group membership is stored in attributes on the user. The following snippet of ldif defines the users and group for this schema: LDAP entries that use augmented Active Directory schema: augmented_active_directory.ldif dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 The user's group memberships are listed as attributes on the user. 2 The group is a first-class entry on the LDAP server. Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the augmented_active_directory_config.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync --sync-config=augmented_active_directory_config.yaml --confirm OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the augmented_active_directory_config.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The last time this OpenShift Container Platform group was synchronized with the LDAP server, in ISO 6801 format. 2 The unique identifier for the group on the LDAP server. 3 The IP address and host of the LDAP server where this group's record is stored. 4 The name of the group as specified by the sync file. 5 The users that are members of the group, named as specified by the sync file. 17.5.5.1. LDAP nested membership sync example Groups in OpenShift Container Platform do not nest. The LDAP server must flatten group membership before the data can be consumed. Microsoft's Active Directory Server supports this feature via the LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_IN_CHAIN rule, which has the OID 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941 . Furthermore, only explicitly whitelisted groups can be synced when using this matching rule. This section has an example for the augmented Active Directory schema, which synchronizes a group named admins that has one user Jane and one group otheradmins as members. The otheradmins group has one user member: Jim . This example explains: How the group and users are added to the LDAP server. What the LDAP sync configuration file looks like. What the resulting group record in OpenShift Container Platform will be after synchronization. In the augmented Active Directory schema, both users ( Jane and Jim ) and groups exist in the LDAP server as first-class entries, and group membership is stored in attributes on the user or the group. The following snippet of ldif defines the users and groups for this schema: LDAP entries that use augmented Active Directory schema with nested members: augmented_active_directory_nested.ldif dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 3 objectClass: group cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com dn: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 4 objectClass: group cn: otheradmins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: Other System Administrators memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 5 6 member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 2 5 The user's and group's memberships are listed as attributes on the object. 3 4 The groups are first-class entries on the LDAP server. 6 The otheradmins group is a member of the admins group. When syncing nested groups with Active Directory, you must provide an LDAP query definition for both user entries and group entries, as well as the attributes with which to represent them in the internal OpenShift Container Platform group records. Furthermore, certain changes are required in this configuration: The oc adm groups sync command must explicitly whitelist groups. The user's groupMembershipAttributes must include "memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:" to comply with the LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_IN_CHAIN rule. The groupUIDAttribute must be set to dn . The groupsQuery : Must not set filter . Must set a valid derefAliases . Should not set baseDN as that value is ignored. Should not set scope as that value is ignored. For clarity, the group you create in OpenShift Container Platform should use attributes other than the distinguished name whenever possible for user- or administrator-facing fields. For example, identify the users of an OpenShift Container Platform group by their e-mail, and use the name of the group as the common name. The following configuration file creates these relationships: LDAP sync configuration that uses augmented Active Directory schema with nested members: augmented_active_directory_config_nested.yaml kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 augmentedActiveDirectory: groupsQuery: 1 derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 2 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 3 usersQuery: baseDN: "ou=users,dc=example,dc=com" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 4 groupMembershipAttributes: [ "memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:" ] 5 1 groupsQuery filters cannot be specified. The groupsQuery base DN and scope values are ignored. groupsQuery must set a valid derefAliases . 2 The attribute that uniquely identifies a group on the LDAP server. It must be set to dn . 3 The attribute to use as the name of the group. 4 The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. mail or sAMAccountName are preferred choices in most installations. 5 The attribute on the user that stores the membership information. Note the use of LDAP_MATCHING_RULE_IN_CHAIN . Prerequisites Create the configuration file. Procedure Run the sync with the augmented_active_directory_config_nested.yaml file: USD oc adm groups sync \ 'cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com' \ --sync-config=augmented_active_directory_config_nested.yaml \ --confirm Note You must explicitly whitelist the cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com group. OpenShift Container Platform creates the following group record as a result of the above sync operation: OpenShift Container Platform group created by using the augmented_active_directory_config_nested.yaml file apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected] 1 The last time this OpenShift Container Platform group was synchronized with the LDAP server, in ISO 6801 format. 2 The unique identifier for the group on the LDAP server. 3 The IP address and host of the LDAP server where this group's record is stored. 4 The name of the group as specified by the sync file. 5 The users that are members of the group, named as specified by the sync file. Note that members of nested groups are included since the group membership was flattened by the Microsoft Active Directory Server. 17.6. LDAP sync configuration specification The object specification for the configuration file is below. Note that the different schema objects have different fields. For example, v1.ActiveDirectoryConfig has no groupsQuery field whereas v1.RFC2307Config and v1.AugmentedActiveDirectoryConfig both do. Important There is no support for binary attributes. All attribute data coming from the LDAP server must be in the format of a UTF-8 encoded string. For example, never use a binary attribute, such as objectGUID , as an ID attribute. You must use string attributes, such as sAMAccountName or userPrincipalName , instead. 17.6.1. v1.LDAPSyncConfig LDAPSyncConfig holds the necessary configuration options to define an LDAP group sync. Name Description Schema kind String value representing the REST resource this object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds string apiVersion Defines the versioned schema of this representation of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources string url Host is the scheme, host and port of the LDAP server to connect to: scheme://host:port string bindDN Optional DN to bind to the LDAP server with. string bindPassword Optional password to bind with during the search phase. v1.StringSource insecure If true , indicates the connection should not use TLS. If false , ldaps:// URLs connect using TLS, and ldap:// URLs are upgraded to a TLS connection using StartTLS as specified in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2830 . If you set insecure to true , you cannot use ldaps:// URL schemes. boolean ca Optional trusted certificate authority bundle to use when making requests to the server. If empty, the default system roots are used. string groupUIDNameMapping Optional direct mapping of LDAP group UIDs to OpenShift Container Platform group names. object rfc2307 Holds the configuration for extracting data from an LDAP server set up in a fashion similar to RFC2307: first-class group and user entries, with group membership determined by a multi-valued attribute on the group entry listing its members. v1.RFC2307Config activeDirectory Holds the configuration for extracting data from an LDAP server set up in a fashion similar to that used in Active Directory: first-class user entries, with group membership determined by a multi-valued attribute on members listing groups they are a member of. v1.ActiveDirectoryConfig augmentedActiveDirectory Holds the configuration for extracting data from an LDAP server set up in a fashion similar to that used in Active Directory as described above, with one addition: first-class group entries exist and are used to hold metadata but not group membership. v1.AugmentedActiveDirectoryConfig 17.6.2. v1.StringSource StringSource allows specifying a string inline, or externally via environment variable or file. When it contains only a string value, it marshals to a simple JSON string. Name Description Schema value Specifies the cleartext value, or an encrypted value if keyFile is specified. string env Specifies an environment variable containing the cleartext value, or an encrypted value if the keyFile is specified. string file References a file containing the cleartext value, or an encrypted value if a keyFile is specified. string keyFile References a file containing the key to use to decrypt the value. string 17.6.3. v1.LDAPQuery LDAPQuery holds the options necessary to build an LDAP query. Name Description Schema baseDN DN of the branch of the directory where all searches should start from. string scope The optional scope of the search. Can be base : only the base object, one : all objects on the base level, sub : the entire subtree. Defaults to sub if not set. string derefAliases The optional behavior of the search with regards to aliases. Can be never : never dereference aliases, search : only dereference in searching, base : only dereference in finding the base object, always : always dereference. Defaults to always if not set. string timeout Holds the limit of time in seconds that any request to the server can remain outstanding before the wait for a response is given up. If this is 0 , no client-side limit is imposed. integer filter A valid LDAP search filter that retrieves all relevant entries from the LDAP server with the base DN. string pageSize Maximum preferred page size, measured in LDAP entries. A page size of 0 means no paging will be done. integer 17.6.4. v1.RFC2307Config RFC2307Config holds the necessary configuration options to define how an LDAP group sync interacts with an LDAP server using the RFC2307 schema. Name Description Schema groupsQuery Holds the template for an LDAP query that returns group entries. v1.LDAPQuery groupUIDAttribute Defines which attribute on an LDAP group entry will be interpreted as its unique identifier. ( ldapGroupUID ) string groupNameAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP group entry will be interpreted as its name to use for an OpenShift Container Platform group. string array groupMembershipAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP group entry will be interpreted as its members. The values contained in those attributes must be queryable by your UserUIDAttribute . string array usersQuery Holds the template for an LDAP query that returns user entries. v1.LDAPQuery userUIDAttribute Defines which attribute on an LDAP user entry will be interpreted as its unique identifier. It must correspond to values that will be found from the GroupMembershipAttributes . string userNameAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP user entry will be used, in order, as its OpenShift Container Platform user name. The first attribute with a non-empty value is used. This should match your PreferredUsername setting for your LDAPPasswordIdentityProvider . The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. mail or sAMAccountName are preferred choices in most installations. string array tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors Determines the behavior of the LDAP sync job when missing user entries are encountered. If true , an LDAP query for users that does not find any will be tolerated and an only and error will be logged. If false , the LDAP sync job will fail if a query for users doesn't find any. The default value is false . Misconfigured LDAP sync jobs with this flag set to true can cause group membership to be removed, so it is recommended to use this flag with caution. boolean tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors Determines the behavior of the LDAP sync job when out-of-scope user entries are encountered. If true , an LDAP query for a user that falls outside of the base DN given for the all user query will be tolerated and only an error will be logged. If false , the LDAP sync job will fail if a user query would search outside of the base DN specified by the all user query. Misconfigured LDAP sync jobs with this flag set to true can result in groups missing users, so it is recommended to use this flag with caution. boolean 17.6.5. v1.ActiveDirectoryConfig ActiveDirectoryConfig holds the necessary configuration options to define how an LDAP group sync interacts with an LDAP server using the Active Directory schema. Name Description Schema usersQuery Holds the template for an LDAP query that returns user entries. v1.LDAPQuery userNameAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP user entry will be interpreted as its OpenShift Container Platform user name. The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. mail or sAMAccountName are preferred choices in most installations. string array groupMembershipAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP user entry will be interpreted as the groups it is a member of. string array 17.6.6. v1.AugmentedActiveDirectoryConfig AugmentedActiveDirectoryConfig holds the necessary configuration options to define how an LDAP group sync interacts with an LDAP server using the augmented Active Directory schema. Name Description Schema usersQuery Holds the template for an LDAP query that returns user entries. v1.LDAPQuery userNameAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP user entry will be interpreted as its OpenShift Container Platform user name. The attribute to use as the name of the user in the OpenShift Container Platform group record. mail or sAMAccountName are preferred choices in most installations. string array groupMembershipAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP user entry will be interpreted as the groups it is a member of. string array groupsQuery Holds the template for an LDAP query that returns group entries. v1.LDAPQuery groupUIDAttribute Defines which attribute on an LDAP group entry will be interpreted as its unique identifier. ( ldapGroupUID ) string groupNameAttributes Defines which attributes on an LDAP group entry will be interpreted as its name to use for an OpenShift Container Platform group. string array	[ "url: ldap://10.0.0.0:389 1 bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com 2 bindPassword: <password> 3 insecure: false 4 ca: my-ldap-ca-bundle.crt 5", "baseDN: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 scope: sub 2 derefAliases: never 3 timeout: 0 4 filter: (objectClass=person) 5 pageSize: 0 6", "groupUIDNameMapping: \"cn=group1,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\": firstgroup \"cn=group2,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\": secondgroup \"cn=group3,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\": thirdgroup", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 1 insecure: false 2 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: \"ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 3 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 4 groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] 5 usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn 6 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 7 tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 activeDirectory: usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 1 groupMembershipAttributes: [ memberOf ] 2", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 augmentedActiveDirectory: groupsQuery: baseDN: \"ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 1 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 2 usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 3 groupMembershipAttributes: [ memberOf ] 4", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync --type=openshift --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync --whitelist=<whitelist_file> --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync --blacklist=<blacklist_file> --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync <group_unique_identifier> --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync <group_unique_identifier> --whitelist=<whitelist_file> --blacklist=<blacklist_file> --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm groups sync --type=openshift --whitelist=<whitelist_file> --sync-config=config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm prune groups --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm prune groups --whitelist=/path/to/whitelist.txt --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm", "oc adm prune groups --blacklist=/path/to/blacklist.txt --sync-config=/path/to/ldap-sync-config.yaml --confirm", "oc new-project ldap-sync 1", "kind: ServiceAccount apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync", "oc create -f ldap-sync-service-account.yaml", "apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer rules: - apiGroups: - '' - user.openshift.io resources: - groups verbs: - get - list - create - update", "oc create -f ldap-sync-cluster-role.yaml", "kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ldap-group-syncer 1 namespace: ldap-sync roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: ldap-group-syncer 2", "oc create -f ldap-sync-cluster-role-binding.yaml", "kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync data: sync.yaml: \| 1 kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldaps://10.0.0.0:389 2 insecure: false bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com 3 bindPassword: file: \"/etc/secrets/bindPassword\" ca: /etc/ldap-ca/ca.crt rfc2307: 4 groupsQuery: baseDN: \"ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\" 5 scope: sub filter: \"(objectClass=groupOfMembers)\" derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" 6 scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn userNameAttributes: [ uid ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false", "oc create -f ldap-sync-config-map.yaml", "kind: CronJob apiVersion: batch/v1 metadata: name: ldap-group-syncer namespace: ldap-sync spec: 1 schedule: \"/30 * * *\" 2 concurrencyPolicy: Forbid jobTemplate: spec: backoffLimit: 0 ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 1800 3 template: spec: containers: - name: ldap-group-sync image: \"registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-cli:latest\" command: - \"/bin/bash\" - \"-c\" - \"oc adm groups sync --sync-config=/etc/config/sync.yaml --confirm\" 4 volumeMounts: - mountPath: \"/etc/config\" name: \"ldap-sync-volume\" - mountPath: \"/etc/secrets\" name: \"ldap-bind-password\" - mountPath: \"/etc/ldap-ca\" name: \"ldap-ca\" volumes: - name: \"ldap-sync-volume\" configMap: name: \"ldap-group-syncer\" - name: \"ldap-bind-password\" secret: secretName: \"ldap-secret\" 5 - name: \"ldap-ca\" configMap: name: \"ca-config-map\" 6 restartPolicy: \"Never\" terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 activeDeadlineSeconds: 500 dnsPolicy: \"ClusterFirst\" serviceAccountName: \"ldap-group-syncer\"", "oc create -f ldap-sync-cron-job.yaml", "dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 2 member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected]", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 groupUIDNameMapping: \"cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\": Administrators 1 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: \"ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 2 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 3 groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 userUIDAttribute: dn 4 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: false tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: false", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config_user_defined.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 creationTimestamp: name: Administrators 1 users: - [email protected] - [email protected]", "Error determining LDAP group membership for \"<group>\": membership lookup for user \"<user>\" in group \"<group>\" failed because of \"search for entry with dn=\"<user-dn>\" would search outside of the base dn specified (dn=\"<base-dn>\")\".", "Error determining LDAP group membership for \"<group>\": membership lookup for user \"<user>\" in group \"<group>\" failed because of \"search for entry with base dn=\"<user-dn>\" refers to a non-existent entry\". Error determining LDAP group membership for \"<group>\": membership lookup for user \"<user>\" in group \"<group>\" failed because of \"search for entry with base dn=\"<user-dn>\" and filter \"<filter>\" did not return any results\".", "dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=INVALID,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com 1 member: cn=Jim,ou=OUTOFSCOPE,dc=example,dc=com 2", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 rfc2307: groupsQuery: baseDN: \"ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never groupUIDAttribute: dn groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] groupMembershipAttributes: [ member ] usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never userUIDAttribute: dn 1 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] tolerateMemberNotFoundErrors: true 2 tolerateMemberOutOfScopeErrors: true 3", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=rfc2307_config_tolerating.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 creationTimestamp: name: admins users: 1 - [email protected] - [email protected]", "dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: admins 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: admins", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=active_directory_config.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: admins 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected]", "dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 objectClass: groupOfNames cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", "oc adm groups sync --sync-config=augmented_active_directory_config.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected]", "dn: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: users dn: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jane sn: Smith displayName: Jane Smith mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 1 dn: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: testPerson cn: Jim sn: Adams displayName: Jim Adams mail: [email protected] memberOf: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 3 objectClass: group cn: admins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: System Administrators member: cn=Jane,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com member: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com dn: cn=otheradmins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 4 objectClass: group cn: otheradmins owner: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com description: Other System Administrators memberOf: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 5 6 member: cn=Jim,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", "kind: LDAPSyncConfig apiVersion: v1 url: ldap://LDAP_SERVICE_IP:389 augmentedActiveDirectory: groupsQuery: 1 derefAliases: never pageSize: 0 groupUIDAttribute: dn 2 groupNameAttributes: [ cn ] 3 usersQuery: baseDN: \"ou=users,dc=example,dc=com\" scope: sub derefAliases: never filter: (objectclass=person) pageSize: 0 userNameAttributes: [ mail ] 4 groupMembershipAttributes: [ \"memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:\" ] 5", "oc adm groups sync 'cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com' --sync-config=augmented_active_directory_config_nested.yaml --confirm", "apiVersion: user.openshift.io/v1 kind: Group metadata: annotations: openshift.io/ldap.sync-time: 2015-10-13T10:08:38-0400 1 openshift.io/ldap.uid: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com 2 openshift.io/ldap.url: LDAP_SERVER_IP:389 3 creationTimestamp: name: admins 4 users: 5 - [email protected] - [email protected]" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.10/html/authentication_and_authorization/ldap-syncing
function::pn	function::pn Name function::pn - Returns the active probe name Synopsis Arguments None Description This function returns the script-level probe point associated with a currently running probe handler, including wild-card expansion effects. Context: The current probe point.	[ "pn:string()" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/systemtap_tapset_reference/api-pn
Chapter 4. Technology Previews	Chapter 4. Technology Previews This chapter provides a list of all available Technology Previews in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.7. Technology Preview features are currently not supported under Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription services, may not be functionally complete, and are generally not suitable for production use. However, these features are included as a customer convenience and to provide the feature with wider exposure. Customers may find these features useful in a non-production environment. Customers are also free to provide feedback and functionality suggestions for a Technology Preview feature before it becomes fully supported. Errata will be provided for high-severity security issues. During the development of a Technology Preview feature, additional components may become available to the public for testing. It is the intention of Red Hat clustering to fully support Technology Preview features in a future release. For information about the Technology Preview features support scope, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/ . 4.1. Storage and File Systems dm-era Device Mapper The device-mapper-persistent-data package now provides tools to help use the new dm-era device mapper functionality released as a Technology Preview. The dm-era functionality keeps track of which blocks on a device were written within user-defined periods of time called an era . This functionality allows backup software to track changed blocks or restore the coherency of a cache after reverting changes. Cross Realm Kerberos Trust Functionality for samba4 Libraries The Cross Realm Kerberos Trust functionality provided by Identity Management, which relies on the capabilities of the samba4 client library, is included as a Technology Preview starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4. This functionality uses the libndr-nbt library to prepare Connection-less Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (CLDAP) messages. Package: samba-3.6.23-20 System Information Gatherer and Reporter (SIGAR) The System Information Gatherer and Reporter (SIGAR) is a library and command-line tool for accessing operating system and hardware level information across multiple platforms and programming languages. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4 and later, SIGAR is considered a Technology Preview package. Package: sigar-1.6.5-0.4.git58097d9 DIF/DIX support DIF/DIX, is a new addition to the SCSI Standard and a Technology Preview in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. DIF/DIX increases the size of the commonly used 512-byte disk block from 512 to 520 bytes, adding the Data Integrity Field (DIF). The DIF stores a checksum value for the data block that is calculated by the Host Bus Adapter (HBA) when a write occurs. The storage device then confirms the checksum on receive, and stores both the data and the checksum. Conversely, when a read occurs, the checksum can be checked by the storage device, and by the receiving HBA. The DIF/DIX hardware checksum feature must only be used with applications that exclusively issue O_DIRECT I/O. These applications may use the raw block device, or the XFS file system in O_DIRECT mode. (XFS is the only file system that does not fall back to buffered I/O when doing certain allocation operations.) Only applications designed for use with O_DIRECT I/O and DIF/DIX hardware should enable this feature. For more information, refer to section Block Devices with DIF/DIX Enabled in the Storage Administration Guide . Package: kernel-2.6.32-554 LVM Application Programming Interface (API) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 features the new LVM application programming interface (API) as a Technology Preview. This API is used to query and control certain aspects of LVM. Package: lvm2-2.02.118-2 FS-Cache FS-Cache in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 enables networked file systems (for example, NFS) to have a persistent cache of data on the client machine. Package: cachefilesd-0.10.2-1	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/6.7_technical_notes/technology-previews
Kamelets Reference	Kamelets Reference Red Hat build of Apache Camel K 1.10.7 Kamelets Reference Red Hat build of Apache Camel K Documentation Team [email protected]	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_k/1.10.7/html/kamelets_reference/index
Making open source more inclusive	Making open source more inclusive Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright's message .	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_streams_for_apache_kafka/2.1/html/getting_started_with_amq_streams_on_openshift/making-open-source-more-inclusive
4.4. Configuration Examples	4.4. Configuration Examples 4.4.1. Uploading to an FTP site The following example creates an FTP site that allows a dedicated user to upload files. It creates the directory structure and the required SELinux configuration changes: Run the setsebool ftp_home_dir=1 command as the root user to enable access to FTP home directories. Run the mkdir -p /myftp/pub command as the root user to create a new top-level directory. Set Linux permissions on the /myftp/pub/ directory to allow a Linux user write access. This example changes the owner and group from root to owner user1 and group root. Replace user1 with the user you want to give write access to: The chown command changes the owner and group permissions. The chmod command changes the mode, allowing the user1 user read, write, and execute permissions, and members of the root group read, write, and execute permissions. Everyone else has read and execute permissions, which allows the Apache HTTP Server to read files from this directory. When running SELinux, files and directories must be labeled correctly to allow access. Setting Linux permissions is not enough. Files labeled with the public_content_t type allow them to be read by FTP, Apache HTTP Server, Samba, and rsync. Files labeled with the public_content_rw_t type can be written to by FTP. Other services, such as Samba, require Booleans to be set before they can write to files labeled with the public_content_rw_t type. Label the top-level directory ( /myftp/ ) with the public_content_t type, to prevent copied or newly-created files under /myftp/ from being written to or modified by services. Run the following command as the root user to add the label change to file-context configuration: Run the restorecon -R -v /myftp/ command to apply the label change: Confirm /myftp is labeled with the public_content_t type, and /myftp/pub/ is labeled with the default_t type: FTP must be allowed to write to a directory before users can upload files via FTP. SELinux allows FTP to write to directories labeled with the public_content_rw_t type. This example uses /myftp/pub/ as the directory FTP can write to. Run the following command as the root user to add the label change to file-context configuration: Run the restorecon -R -v /myftp/pub command as the root user to apply the label change: The allow_ftpd_anon_write Boolean must be on to allow vsftpd to write to files that are labeled with the public_content_rw_t type. Run the following command as the root user to enable this Boolean: Do not use the -P option if you do not want changes to persist across reboots. The following example demonstrates logging in via FTP and uploading a file. This example uses the user1 user from the example, where user1 is the dedicated owner of the /myftp/pub/ directory: Run the cd ~/ command to change into your home directory. Then, run the mkdir myftp command to create a directory to store files to upload via FTP. Run the cd ~/myftp command to change into the ~/myftp/ directory. In this directory, create an ftpupload file. Copy the following contents into this file: Run the getsebool allow_ftpd_anon_write command to confirm the allow_ftpd_anon_write Boolean is on: If this Boolean is off, run the setsebool -P allow_ftpd_anon_write on command as the root user to enable it. Do not use the -P option if you do not want the change to persist across reboots. Run the service vsftpd start command as the root user to start vsftpd : Run the ftp localhost command. When prompted for a user name, enter the user name of the user who has write access, then, enter the correct password for that user: The upload succeeds as the allow_ftpd_anon_write Boolean is enabled.	[ "~]# chown user1:root /myftp/pub ~]# chmod 775 /myftp/pub", "~]# semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_t /myftp", "~]# restorecon -R -v /myftp/ restorecon reset /myftp context unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:public_content_t:s0", "~]USD ls -dZ /myftp/ drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:public_content_t:s0 /myftp/ ~]USD ls -dZ /myftp/pub/ drwxrwxr-x. user1 root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 /myftp/pub/", "~]# semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_rw_t \"/myftp/pub(/.*)?\"", "~]# restorecon -R -v /myftp/pub restorecon reset /myftp/pub context system_u:object_r:default_t:s0->system_u:object_r:public_content_rw_t:s0", "~]# setsebool -P allow_ftpd_anon_write on", "File upload via FTP from a home directory.", "~]USD getsebool allow_ftpd_anon_write allow_ftpd_anon_write --> on", "~]# service vsftpd start Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]", "~]USD ftp localhost Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1). 220 (vsFTPd 2.1.0) Name (localhost: username ): 331 Please specify the password. Password: Enter the correct password 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> cd myftp 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> put ftpupload local: ftpupload remote: ftpupload 227 Entering Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,241,41). 150 Ok to send data. 226 File receive OK. ftp> 221 Goodbye." ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_confined_services/sect-managing_confined_services-file_transfer_protocol-configuration_examples
Appendix A. Troubleshooting permission issues	Appendix A. Troubleshooting permission issues Satellite upgrades perform pre-upgrade checks. If the pre-upgrade check discovers permission issues, it fails with an error similar to the following one: If you see an error like this on your Satellite Server, identify and remedy the permission issues. Procedure On your Satellite Server, identify permission issues: Fix permission issues: Verification Rerun the check to ensure no permission issues remain:	[ "2024-01-29T20:50:09 [W\|app\|] Could not create role 'Ansible Roles Manager': ERF73-0602 [Foreman::PermissionMissingException]: some permissions were not found:", "satellite-maintain health check --label duplicate_permissions", "foreman-rake db:seed", "satellite-maintain health check --label duplicate_permissions" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_satellite/6.16/html/upgrading_connected_red_hat_satellite_to_6.16/troubleshooting-permission-issues
10.5.5. KeepAlive	10.5.5. KeepAlive KeepAlive sets whether the server allows more than one request per connection and can be used to prevent any one client from consuming too much of the server's resources. By default Keepalive is set to off . If Keepalive is set to on and the server becomes very busy, the server can quickly spawn the maximum number of child processes. In this situation, the server slows down significantly. If Keepalive is enabled, it is a good idea to set the the KeepAliveTimeout low (refer to Section 10.5.7, " KeepAliveTimeout " for more information about the KeepAliveTimeout directive) and monitor the /var/log/httpd/error_log log file on the server. This log reports when the server is running out of child processes.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/4/html/reference_guide/s2-apache-keepalive
Part III. Administration: Managing Servers	Part III. Administration: Managing Servers This part covers administration-related topics, such as managing the Identity Management server and services and replication between servers in an Identity Management domain, provides details on the Identity Management topology and gives instructions on how to update the Identity Management packages on the system. Furthermore, this part explains how to manually back up and restore the Identity Management system in case of a disaster affecting an Identity Management deployment. The final chapter details the different internal access control mechanisms.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/linux_domain_identity_authentication_and_policy_guide/p.admin-guide-servers
Chapter 1. Introduction and Goals of This Guide	Chapter 1. Introduction and Goals of This Guide Congratulations! You now have quite a bit of experience with Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization: you can perform a basic installation, run the software and use the Dashboard Builder to connect to data sources. It is now time to showcase some more of the product's features that you can utilise to build your own solutions going forward. These features are demonstrated in the various "quick starts" that come with the product.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_jboss_data_virtualization/6.4/html/quick_starts_guide/introduction_and_goals_of_this_guide
4.308. subscription-manager	4.308. subscription-manager 4.308.1. RHBA-2011:1695 - subscription-manager bug fix and enhancement update Updated subscription-manager packages that fix several bugs and adds an enhancement are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. The Subscription Manager tool allows users to understand the specific products which have been installed on their machines, and the specific subscriptions which their machines are consuming. Bug Fixes BZ# 709412 Two variations were used in the ProductName parameter for the workstation subscription: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation" and "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Workstation". As a consequence, users running the "subscription-manager list --installed" command, while subscribed to the "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation" subscription, got a misleading report. With this update, the ProductId parameter is used instead to compare subscriptions in the described scenario and the bug no longer occurs. BZ# 701425 Previously, the NSS (Network Security Services) library used the "first" entitlement certificate to access all content. As a consequence, access to subsequent repositories was rejected because NSS was using the certificate from the first repository. This update allows all repositories to be controlled by unique entitlement certificates. BZ# 703921 Previously, the "Start Date" and "End Date" fields in the Contract Selection dialog window of the subscription-manager-gui utility were not populated. With this update, the dates are displayed as expected. BZ# 711133 When the subscription-manager utility had been upgraded, it put incorrect data to the sslclientkey repository parameter value. Consequently, when the yum utility was launched to install software, yum terminated with the "[Errno 14] problem with the local client certificate" error message. The bug in subscription-manager has been fixed and yum can now be run without any certificate errors. BZ# 693709 Previously, running the firstboot utility with the "-r" option while the subscription-manager-firstboot utility was already installed caused the firstboot utility to terminate with a traceback; it also failed to display a message stating that the computer was already registered with Red Hat Network. This bug has been fixed, the firstboot utility now displays the warning message properly, and no tracebacks are returned in the described scenario. BZ# 730018 When a machine was registered via the Red Hat Subscription Manager tool, an attempt to register it with Red Hat Network Classic or Red Hat Network Satellite caused the rhn_register utility to display a confusing warning message. This update rephrases this warning message for clarity. BZ# 725535 Due to a bug, the code assumed it could access the /var/rhn/rhsm directory. Consequently, the background job, which warns the user that a machine is not covered by a subscription, terminated unexpectedly if the /var/rhn/rhsm directory did not exist. With this update, the error is properly logged and the crashes no longer occur in the described scenario. BZ# 580905 The initial subscription-manager package did not provide a help function built into the user interface. Help was only available via manual pages and online documentation. This update adds a standard help button to the subscription-manager user interface. BZ# 701315 Subscriptions are represented by numeric serial numbers. When a number longer than four bytes was used as a serial number, the subscription-manager utility terminated unexpectedly. This bug has been fixed and large numbers are now supported as serial numbers in subscription-manager. Enhancement BZ# 710172 Previously, in order to locate subscriptions for machines not covered by a subscription, a user had to log into each such machine and locate new subscriptions manually. This update allows a machine to automatically look for new subscriptions in the described scenario. Users of subscription-manager are advised to upgrade to these updated packages, which fix these bugs. 4.308.2. RHBA-2012:0562 - subscription-manager bug fix update Updated subscription-manager packages that fix one bug are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. The subscription-manager packages provide programs and libraries to allow users to manage subscriptions and yum repositories from the Red Hat Entitlement platform. Bug Fix BZ# 812446 Previously, the subscription-manager utility could incorrectly delete a product certificate when running the yum utility and no yum repositories were enabled or in use (for example on newly installed Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 systems). To prevent undesirable deletions of product certificates, subscription-manager now performs a verification check before deleting a certificate. In addition, all deletions of product certificates are now logged. All users of subscription-manager are advised to upgrade to these updated packages, which fix this bug.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/6.2_technical_notes/subscription-manager
Chapter 8. Using CPU Manager and Topology Manager	Chapter 8. Using CPU Manager and Topology Manager CPU Manager manages groups of CPUs and constrains workloads to specific CPUs. CPU Manager is useful for workloads that have some of these attributes: Require as much CPU time as possible. Are sensitive to processor cache misses. Are low-latency network applications. Coordinate with other processes and benefit from sharing a single processor cache. Topology Manager collects hints from the CPU Manager, Device Manager, and other Hint Providers to align pod resources, such as CPU, SR-IOV VFs, and other device resources, for all Quality of Service (QoS) classes on the same non-uniform memory access (NUMA) node. Topology Manager uses topology information from the collected hints to decide if a pod can be accepted or rejected on a node, based on the configured Topology Manager policy and pod resources requested. Topology Manager is useful for workloads that use hardware accelerators to support latency-critical execution and high throughput parallel computation. To use Topology Manager you must configure CPU Manager with the static policy. 8.1. Setting up CPU Manager To configure CPU manager, create a KubeletConfig custom resource (CR) and apply it to the desired set of nodes. Procedure Label a node by running the following command: # oc label node perf-node.example.com cpumanager=true To enable CPU Manager for all compute nodes, edit the CR by running the following command: # oc edit machineconfigpool worker Add the custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled label to metadata.labels section. metadata: creationTimestamp: 2020-xx-xxx generation: 3 labels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled Create a KubeletConfig , cpumanager-kubeletconfig.yaml , custom resource (CR). Refer to the label created in the step to have the correct nodes updated with the new kubelet config. See the machineConfigPoolSelector section: apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: KubeletConfig metadata: name: cpumanager-enabled spec: machineConfigPoolSelector: matchLabels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled kubeletConfig: cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s 2 1 Specify a policy: none . This policy explicitly enables the existing default CPU affinity scheme, providing no affinity beyond what the scheduler does automatically. This is the default policy. static . This policy allows containers in guaranteed pods with integer CPU requests. It also limits access to exclusive CPUs on the node. If static , you must use a lowercase s . 2 Optional. Specify the CPU Manager reconcile frequency. The default is 5s . Create the dynamic kubelet config by running the following command: # oc create -f cpumanager-kubeletconfig.yaml This adds the CPU Manager feature to the kubelet config and, if needed, the Machine Config Operator (MCO) reboots the node. To enable CPU Manager, a reboot is not needed. Check for the merged kubelet config by running the following command: # oc get machineconfig 99-worker-XXXXXX-XXXXX-XXXX-XXXXX-kubelet -o json \| grep ownerReference -A7 Example output "ownerReferences": [ { "apiVersion": "machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1", "kind": "KubeletConfig", "name": "cpumanager-enabled", "uid": "7ed5616d-6b72-11e9-aae1-021e1ce18878" } ] Check the compute node for the updated kubelet.conf file by running the following command: # oc debug node/perf-node.example.com sh-4.2# cat /host/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf \| grep cpuManager Example output cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s 2 1 cpuManagerPolicy is defined when you create the KubeletConfig CR. 2 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod is defined when you create the KubeletConfig CR. Create a project by running the following command: USD oc new-project <project_name> Create a pod that requests a core or multiple cores. Both limits and requests must have their CPU value set to a whole integer. That is the number of cores that will be dedicated to this pod: # cat cpumanager-pod.yaml Example output apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: generateName: cpumanager- spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault containers: - name: cpumanager image: gcr.io/google_containers/pause:3.2 resources: requests: cpu: 1 memory: "1G" limits: cpu: 1 memory: "1G" securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: [ALL] nodeSelector: cpumanager: "true" Create the pod: # oc create -f cpumanager-pod.yaml Verification Verify that the pod is scheduled to the node that you labeled by running the following command: # oc describe pod cpumanager Example output Name: cpumanager-6cqz7 Namespace: default Priority: 0 PriorityClassName: <none> Node: perf-node.example.com/xxx.xx.xx.xxx ... Limits: cpu: 1 memory: 1G Requests: cpu: 1 memory: 1G ... QoS Class: Guaranteed Node-Selectors: cpumanager=true Verify that a CPU has been exclusively assigned to the pod by running the following command: # oc describe node --selector='cpumanager=true' \| grep -i cpumanager- -B2 Example output NAMESPACE NAME CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits Age cpuman cpumanager-mlrrz 1 (28%) 1 (28%) 1G (13%) 1G (13%) 27m Verify that the cgroups are set up correctly. Get the process ID (PID) of the pause process by running the following commands: # oc debug node/perf-node.example.com sh-4.2# systemctl status \| grep -B5 pause Note If the output returns multiple pause process entries, you must identify the correct pause process. Example output # ├─init.scope │ └─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17 └─kubepods.slice ├─kubepods-pod69c01f8e_6b74_11e9_ac0f_0a2b62178a22.slice │ ├─crio-b5437308f1a574c542bdf08563b865c0345c8f8c0b0a655612c.scope │ └─32706 /pause Verify that pods of quality of service (QoS) tier Guaranteed are placed within the kubepods.slice subdirectory by running the following commands: # cd /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods.slice/kubepods-pod69c01f8e_6b74_11e9_ac0f_0a2b62178a22.slice/crio-b5437308f1ad1a7db0574c542bdf08563b865c0345c86e9585f8c0b0a655612c.scope # for i in `ls cpuset.cpus cgroup.procs` ; do echo -n "USDi "; cat USDi ; done Note Pods of other QoS tiers end up in child cgroups of the parent kubepods . Example output cpuset.cpus 1 tasks 32706 Check the allowed CPU list for the task by running the following command: # grep ^Cpus_allowed_list /proc/32706/status Example output Cpus_allowed_list: 1 Verify that another pod on the system cannot run on the core allocated for the Guaranteed pod. For example, to verify the pod in the besteffort QoS tier, run the following commands: # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods.slice/kubepods-besteffort.slice/kubepods-besteffort-podc494a073_6b77_11e9_98c0_06bba5c387ea.slice/crio-c56982f57b75a2420947f0afc6cafe7534c5734efc34157525fa9abbf99e3849.scope/cpuset.cpus # oc describe node perf-node.example.com Example output ... Capacity: attachable-volumes-aws-ebs: 39 cpu: 2 ephemeral-storage: 124768236Ki hugepages-1Gi: 0 hugepages-2Mi: 0 memory: 8162900Ki pods: 250 Allocatable: attachable-volumes-aws-ebs: 39 cpu: 1500m ephemeral-storage: 124768236Ki hugepages-1Gi: 0 hugepages-2Mi: 0 memory: 7548500Ki pods: 250 ------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- ------------- --- default cpumanager-6cqz7 1 (66%) 1 (66%) 1G (12%) 1G (12%) 29m Allocated resources: (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.) Resource Requests Limits -------- -------- ------ cpu 1440m (96%) 1 (66%) This VM has two CPU cores. The system-reserved setting reserves 500 millicores, meaning that half of one core is subtracted from the total capacity of the node to arrive at the Node Allocatable amount. You can see that Allocatable CPU is 1500 millicores. This means you can run one of the CPU Manager pods since each will take one whole core. A whole core is equivalent to 1000 millicores. If you try to schedule a second pod, the system will accept the pod, but it will never be scheduled: NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE cpumanager-6cqz7 1/1 Running 0 33m cpumanager-7qc2t 0/1 Pending 0 11s 8.2. Topology Manager policies Topology Manager aligns Pod resources of all Quality of Service (QoS) classes by collecting topology hints from Hint Providers, such as CPU Manager and Device Manager, and using the collected hints to align the Pod resources. Topology Manager supports four allocation policies, which you assign in the KubeletConfig custom resource (CR) named cpumanager-enabled : none policy This is the default policy and does not perform any topology alignment. best-effort policy For each container in a pod with the best-effort topology management policy, kubelet calls each Hint Provider to discover their resource availability. Using this information, the Topology Manager stores the preferred NUMA Node affinity for that container. If the affinity is not preferred, Topology Manager stores this and admits the pod to the node. restricted policy For each container in a pod with the restricted topology management policy, kubelet calls each Hint Provider to discover their resource availability. Using this information, the Topology Manager stores the preferred NUMA Node affinity for that container. If the affinity is not preferred, Topology Manager rejects this pod from the node, resulting in a pod in a Terminated state with a pod admission failure. single-numa-node policy For each container in a pod with the single-numa-node topology management policy, kubelet calls each Hint Provider to discover their resource availability. Using this information, the Topology Manager determines if a single NUMA Node affinity is possible. If it is, the pod is admitted to the node. If a single NUMA Node affinity is not possible, the Topology Manager rejects the pod from the node. This results in a pod in a Terminated state with a pod admission failure. 8.3. Setting up Topology Manager To use Topology Manager, you must configure an allocation policy in the KubeletConfig custom resource (CR) named cpumanager-enabled . This file might exist if you have set up CPU Manager. If the file does not exist, you can create the file. Prerequisites Configure the CPU Manager policy to be static . Procedure To activate Topology Manager: Configure the Topology Manager allocation policy in the custom resource. USD oc edit KubeletConfig cpumanager-enabled apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: KubeletConfig metadata: name: cpumanager-enabled spec: machineConfigPoolSelector: matchLabels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled kubeletConfig: cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s topologyManagerPolicy: single-numa-node 2 1 This parameter must be static with a lowercase s . 2 Specify your selected Topology Manager allocation policy. Here, the policy is single-numa-node . Acceptable values are: default , best-effort , restricted , single-numa-node . 8.4. Pod interactions with Topology Manager policies The example Pod specs below help illustrate pod interactions with Topology Manager. The following pod runs in the BestEffort QoS class because no resource requests or limits are specified. spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx The pod runs in the Burstable QoS class because requests are less than limits. spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx resources: limits: memory: "200Mi" requests: memory: "100Mi" If the selected policy is anything other than none , Topology Manager would not consider either of these Pod specifications. The last example pod below runs in the Guaranteed QoS class because requests are equal to limits. spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx resources: limits: memory: "200Mi" cpu: "2" example.com/device: "1" requests: memory: "200Mi" cpu: "2" example.com/device: "1" Topology Manager would consider this pod. The Topology Manager would consult the hint providers, which are CPU Manager and Device Manager, to get topology hints for the pod. Topology Manager will use this information to store the best topology for this container. In the case of this pod, CPU Manager and Device Manager will use this stored information at the resource allocation stage.	[ "oc label node perf-node.example.com cpumanager=true", "oc edit machineconfigpool worker", "metadata: creationTimestamp: 2020-xx-xxx generation: 3 labels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled", "apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: KubeletConfig metadata: name: cpumanager-enabled spec: machineConfigPoolSelector: matchLabels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled kubeletConfig: cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s 2", "oc create -f cpumanager-kubeletconfig.yaml", "oc get machineconfig 99-worker-XXXXXX-XXXXX-XXXX-XXXXX-kubelet -o json \| grep ownerReference -A7", "\"ownerReferences\": [ { \"apiVersion\": \"machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1\", \"kind\": \"KubeletConfig\", \"name\": \"cpumanager-enabled\", \"uid\": \"7ed5616d-6b72-11e9-aae1-021e1ce18878\" } ]", "oc debug node/perf-node.example.com sh-4.2# cat /host/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf \| grep cpuManager", "cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s 2", "oc new-project <project_name>", "cat cpumanager-pod.yaml", "apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: generateName: cpumanager- spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault containers: - name: cpumanager image: gcr.io/google_containers/pause:3.2 resources: requests: cpu: 1 memory: \"1G\" limits: cpu: 1 memory: \"1G\" securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: [ALL] nodeSelector: cpumanager: \"true\"", "oc create -f cpumanager-pod.yaml", "oc describe pod cpumanager", "Name: cpumanager-6cqz7 Namespace: default Priority: 0 PriorityClassName: <none> Node: perf-node.example.com/xxx.xx.xx.xxx Limits: cpu: 1 memory: 1G Requests: cpu: 1 memory: 1G QoS Class: Guaranteed Node-Selectors: cpumanager=true", "oc describe node --selector='cpumanager=true' \| grep -i cpumanager- -B2", "NAMESPACE NAME CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits Age cpuman cpumanager-mlrrz 1 (28%) 1 (28%) 1G (13%) 1G (13%) 27m", "oc debug node/perf-node.example.com", "sh-4.2# systemctl status \| grep -B5 pause", "├─init.scope │ └─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 17 └─kubepods.slice ├─kubepods-pod69c01f8e_6b74_11e9_ac0f_0a2b62178a22.slice │ ├─crio-b5437308f1a574c542bdf08563b865c0345c8f8c0b0a655612c.scope │ └─32706 /pause", "cd /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods.slice/kubepods-pod69c01f8e_6b74_11e9_ac0f_0a2b62178a22.slice/crio-b5437308f1ad1a7db0574c542bdf08563b865c0345c86e9585f8c0b0a655612c.scope", "for i in `ls cpuset.cpus cgroup.procs` ; do echo -n \"USDi \"; cat USDi ; done", "cpuset.cpus 1 tasks 32706", "grep ^Cpus_allowed_list /proc/32706/status", "Cpus_allowed_list: 1", "cat /sys/fs/cgroup/kubepods.slice/kubepods-besteffort.slice/kubepods-besteffort-podc494a073_6b77_11e9_98c0_06bba5c387ea.slice/crio-c56982f57b75a2420947f0afc6cafe7534c5734efc34157525fa9abbf99e3849.scope/cpuset.cpus", "oc describe node perf-node.example.com", "Capacity: attachable-volumes-aws-ebs: 39 cpu: 2 ephemeral-storage: 124768236Ki hugepages-1Gi: 0 hugepages-2Mi: 0 memory: 8162900Ki pods: 250 Allocatable: attachable-volumes-aws-ebs: 39 cpu: 1500m ephemeral-storage: 124768236Ki hugepages-1Gi: 0 hugepages-2Mi: 0 memory: 7548500Ki pods: 250 ------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- ------------- --- default cpumanager-6cqz7 1 (66%) 1 (66%) 1G (12%) 1G (12%) 29m Allocated resources: (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.) Resource Requests Limits -------- -------- ------ cpu 1440m (96%) 1 (66%)", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE cpumanager-6cqz7 1/1 Running 0 33m cpumanager-7qc2t 0/1 Pending 0 11s", "oc edit KubeletConfig cpumanager-enabled", "apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: KubeletConfig metadata: name: cpumanager-enabled spec: machineConfigPoolSelector: matchLabels: custom-kubelet: cpumanager-enabled kubeletConfig: cpuManagerPolicy: static 1 cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 5s topologyManagerPolicy: single-numa-node 2", "spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx", "spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx resources: limits: memory: \"200Mi\" requests: memory: \"100Mi\"", "spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx resources: limits: memory: \"200Mi\" cpu: \"2\" example.com/device: \"1\" requests: memory: \"200Mi\" cpu: \"2\" example.com/device: \"1\"" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.17/html/scalability_and_performance/using-cpu-manager
Building, running, and managing containers	Building, running, and managing containers Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Using Podman, Buildah, and Skopeo on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Red Hat Customer Content Services	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/building_running_and_managing_containers/index
Chapter 6. Deploying the Shared File Systems service with native CephFS	Chapter 6. Deploying the Shared File Systems service with native CephFS CephFS is the highly scalable, open-source, distributed file system component of Red Hat Ceph Storage, a unified distributed storage platform. Ceph Storage implements object, block, and file storage using Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store (RADOS). CephFS, which is POSIX compatible, provides file access to a Ceph Storage cluster. The Shared File Systems service (manila) enables users to create shares in CephFS and access them using the native Ceph FS protocol. The Shared File Systems service manages the life cycle of these shares from within OpenStack. With this release, director can deploy the Shared File Systems with a native CephFS back end on the overcloud. Important This chapter pertains to the deployment and use of native CephFS to provide a self-service Shared File Systems service in your Red Hat OpenStack Platform(RHOSP) cloud through the native CephFS NAS protocol. This type of deployment requires guest VM access to Ceph public network and infrastructure. Deploy native CephFS with trusted OpenStack Platform tenants only, because it requires a permissive trust model that is not suitable for general purpose OpenStack Platform deployments. For general purpose OpenStack Platform deployments that use a conventional tenant trust model, you can deploy CephFS through the NFS protocol. 6.1. CephFS with native driver The CephFS native driver combines the OpenStack Shared File Systems service (manila) and Red Hat Ceph Storage. When you use Red Hat OpenStack (RHOSP) director, the Controller nodes host the Ceph daemons, such as the manager, metadata servers (MDS), and monitors (MON) and the Shared File Systems services. Compute nodes can host one or more projects. Projects, which were formerly referred to as tenants, are represented in the following graphic by the white boxes. Projects contain user-managed VMs, which are represented by gray boxes with two NICs. To access the ceph and manila daemons projects, connect to the daemons over the public Ceph storage network. On this network, you can access data on the storage nodes provided by the Ceph Object Storage Daemons (OSDs). Instances, or virtual machines (VMs), that are hosted on the project boot with two NICs: one dedicated to the storage provider network and the second to project-owned routers to the external provider network. The storage provider network connects the VMs that run on the projects to the public Ceph storage network. The Ceph public network provides back-end access to the Ceph object storage nodes, metadata servers (MDS), and Controller nodes. Using the native driver, CephFS relies on cooperation with the clients and servers to enforce quotas, guarantee project isolation, and for security. CephFS with the native driver works well in an environment with trusted end users on a private cloud. This configuration requires software that is running under user control to cooperate and work correctly. 6.2. Native CephFS back-end security The native CephFS back end requires a permissive trust model for Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) tenants. This trust model is not appropriate for general purpose OpenStack Platform clouds that deliberately block users from directly accessing the infrastructure behind the services that the OpenStack Platform provides. With native CephFS, user Compute instances connect directly to the Ceph public network where the Ceph service daemons are exposed. CephFS clients that run on user VMs interact cooperatively with the Ceph service daemons, and they interact directly with RADOS to read and write file data blocks. CephFS quotas, which enforce Shared File Systems (manila) share sizes, are enforced on the client side, such as on VMs that are owned by (RHOSP) users. The client side software on user VMs might not be current, which can leave critical cloud infrastructure vulnerable to malicious or inadvertently harmful software that targets the Ceph service ports. Deploy native CephFS as a back end only in environments in which trusted users keep client-side software up to date. Ensure that no software that can impact the Red Hat Ceph Storage infrastructure runs on your VMs. For a general purpose RHOSP deployment that serves many untrusted users, deploy CephFS through NFS. For more information about using CephFS through NFS, see Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage and Red Hat OpenStack Platform together with director . Users might not keep client-side software current, and they might fail to exclude harmful software from their VMs, but using CephFS through NFS, they only have access to the public side of an NFS server, not to the Ceph infrastructure itself. NFS does not require the same kind of cooperative client and, in the worst case, an attack from a user VM can damage the NFS gateway without damaging the Ceph Storage infrastructure behind it. You can expose the native CephFS back end to all trusted users, but you must enact the following security measures: Configure the storage network as a provider network. Impose role-based access control (RBAC) policies to secure the Storage provider network. Create a private share type. 6.3. Native CephFS deployment A typical native Ceph file system (CephFS) installation in a Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) environment includes the following components: RHOSP Controller nodes that run containerized Ceph metadata server (MDS), Ceph monitor (MON) and Shared File Systems (manila) services. Some of these services can coexist on the same node or they can have one or more dedicated nodes. Ceph Storage cluster with containerized object storage daemons (OSDs) that run on Ceph Storage nodes. An isolated storage network that serves as the Ceph public network on which the clients can communicate with Ceph service daemons. To facilitate this, the storage network is made available as a provider network for users to connect their VMs and mount CephFS shares. Important You cannot use the Shared File Systems service (manila) with the CephFS native driver to serve shares to OpenShift Container Platform through Manila CSI, because Red Hat does not support this type of deployment. For more information, contact Red Hat Support. The Shared File Systems (manila) service provides APIs that allow the tenants to request file system shares, which are fulfilled by driver modules. The driver for Red Hat CephFS, manila.share.drivers.cephfs.driver.CephFSDriver , allows the Shared File Systems service to use native CephFS as a back end. You can install native CephFS in an integrated deployment managed by director. When director deploys the Shared File Systems service with a CephFS back end on the overcloud, it automatically creates the required data center storage network. However, you must create the corresponding storage provider network on the overcloud. For more information about network planning, see Overcloud networks in Director Installation and Usage . Although you can manually configure the Shared File Systems service by editing the /var/lib/config-data/puppet-generated/manila/etc/manila/manila.conf file for the node, any settings can be overwritten by the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director in future overcloud updates. Red Hat only supports deployments of the Shared File Systems service that are managed by director. 6.4. Requirements You can deploy a native CephFS back end with new or existing Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) environments if you meet the following requirements: Use Red Hat OpenStack Platform version 17.0 or later. Configure a new Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster at the same time as the native CephFS back end. For information about how to deploy Ceph Storage, see Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage and Red Hat OpenStack Platform together with director . Important The RHOSP Shared File Systems service (manila) with the native CephFS back end is supported for use with Red Hat Ceph Storage version 5.2 or later. For more information about how to determine the version of Ceph Storage installed on your system, see Red Hat Ceph Storage releases and corresponding Ceph package versions . Install the Shared File Systems service on a Controller node. This is the default behavior. Use only a single instance of a CephFS back end for the Shared File Systems service. 6.5. File shares File shares are handled differently between the Shared File Systems service (manila), Ceph File System (CephFS), and CephFS through NFS. The Shared File Systems service provides shares, where a share is an individual file system namespace and a unit of storage with a defined size. Shared file system storage inherently allows multiple clients to connect, read, and write data to any given share, but you must give each client access to the share through the Shared File Systems service access control APIs before they can connect. With CephFS, a share is considered a directory with a defined quota and a layout that points to a particular storage pool or namespace. CephFS quotas limit the size of a directory to the size share that the Shared File Systems service creates. Access to Ceph shares is determined by MDS authentication capabilities. With native CephFS, file shares are provisioned and accessed through the CephFS protocol. Access control is performed with a CephX authentication scheme that uses CephFS usernames. 6.6. Native CephFS isolated network Native CephFS deployments use the isolated storage network deployed by director as the Ceph public network. Clients use this network to communicate with various Ceph infrastructure service daemons. For more information about isolating networks, see Network isolation in Director Installation and Usage . 6.7. Deploying the native CephFS environment When you are ready to deploy the environment, use the openstack overcloud deploy command with the custom environments and roles required to configure the native CephFS back end. The openstack overcloud deploy command has the following options in addition to other required options. Action Option Additional Information Specify the network configuration with network_data.yaml [filename] -n /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network_data.yaml You can use a custom environment file to override values for the default networks specified in this network data environment file. This is the default network data file that is available when you use isolated networks. You can omit this file from the openstack overcloud deploy command for brevity. Deploy the Ceph daemons. -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cephadm/cephadm.yaml Initiating overcloud deployment in Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage and Red Hat OpenStack Platform together with director Deploy the Ceph metadata server with ceph-mds.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cephadm/ceph-mds.yaml Initiating overcloud deployment in Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage and Red Hat OpenStack Platform together with director Deploy the manila service with the native CephFS back end. -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml Environment file The following example shows an openstack overcloud deploy command that includes options to deploy a Ceph cluster, Ceph MDS, the native CephFS back end, and the networks required for the Ceph cluster: For more information about the openstack overcloud deploy command, see Provisioning and deploying your overcloud in Director Installation and Usage . 6.8. Native CephFS back-end environment file The environment file for defining a native CephFS back end, manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml is located in the following path of an undercloud node: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml . The manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml environment file contains settings relevant to the deployment of the Shared File Systems service. The back end default settings should work for most environments. The example shows the default values that director uses during deployment of the Shared File Systems service: The parameter_defaults header signifies the start of the configuration. Specifically, settings under this header let you override default values set in resource_registry . This includes values set by OS::Tripleo::Services::ManilaBackendCephFs , which sets defaults for a CephFS back end. 1 ManilaCephFSBackendName sets the name of the manila configuration of your CephFS backend. In this case, the default back end name is cephfs . 2 ManilaCephFSDriverHandlesShareServers controls the lifecycle of the share server. When set to false , the driver does not handle the lifecycle. This is the only supported option for CephFS back ends. 3 ManilaCephFSCephFSAuthId defines the Ceph auth ID that the director creates for the manila service to access the Ceph cluster. 4 ManilaCephFSCephFSEnableSnapshots controls snapshot activation. Snapshots are supported With Ceph Storage 4.1 and later, but the value of this parameter defaults to false . You can set the value to true to ensure that the driver reports the snapshot_support capability to the manila scheduler. 5 ManilaCephFSCephVolumeMode controls the UNIX permissions to set against the manila share created on the native CephFS back end. The value defaults to 755 . 6 ManilaCephFSCephFSProtocolHelperType must be set to CEPHFS to use the native CephFS driver. For more information about environment files, see Environment Files in the Director Installation and Usage guide.	[ "[stack@undercloud ~]USD openstack overcloud deploy -n /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network_data.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e /home/stack/network-environment.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cephadm/cephadm.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cephadm/ceph-mds.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml", "[stack@undercloud ~]USD cat /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/manila-cephfsnative-config.yaml A Heat environment file which can be used to enable a a Manila CephFS Native driver backend. resource_registry: OS::TripleO::Services::ManilaApi: ../deployment/manila/manila-api-container-puppet.yaml OS::TripleO::Services::ManilaScheduler: ../deployment/manila/manila-scheduler-container-puppet.yaml # Only manila-share is pacemaker managed: OS::TripleO::Services::ManilaShare: ../deployment/manila/manila-share-pacemaker-puppet.yaml OS::TripleO::Services::ManilaBackendCephFs: ../deployment/manila/manila-backend-cephfs.yaml parameter_defaults: ManilaCephFSBackendName: cephfs 1 ManilaCephFSDriverHandlesShareServers: false 2 ManilaCephFSCephFSAuthId: 'manila' 3 ManilaCephFSCephFSEnableSnapshots: true 4 ManilaCephFSCephVolumeMode: '0755' 5 # manila cephfs driver supports either native cephfs backend - 'CEPHFS' # (users mount shares directly from ceph cluster), or nfs-ganesha backend - # 'NFS' (users mount shares through nfs-ganesha server) ManilaCephFSCephFSProtocolHelperType: 'CEPHFS' 6" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_openstack_platform/17.0/html/deploying_red_hat_ceph_storage_and_red_hat_openstack_platform_together_with_director/assembly_deploying-the-shared-file-systems-service-with-native-cephfs_deployingcontainerizedrhcs
Chapter 5. Kernel parameters	Chapter 5. Kernel parameters Parameter Description BridgeNfCallArpTables Configures sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables key. The default value is 1 . BridgeNfCallIp6Tables Configures sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables key. The default value is 1 . BridgeNfCallIpTables Configures sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables key. The default value is 1 . ExtraKernelModules Hash of extra kernel modules to load. ExtraKernelPackages List of extra kernel related packages to install. ExtraSysctlSettings Hash of extra sysctl settings to apply. InotifyIntancesMax Configures sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances key. The default value is 1024 . KernelDisableIPv6 Configures sysctl net.ipv6.{default/all}.disable_ipv6 keys. The default value is 0 . KernelIpForward Configures net.ipv4.ip_forward key. The default value is 1 . KernelIpNonLocalBind Configures net.ipv{4,6}.ip_nonlocal_bind key. The default value is 1 . KernelPidMax Configures sysctl kernel.pid_max key. The default value is 1048576 . NeighbourGcThreshold1 Configures sysctl net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 value. This is the minimum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache. The garbage collector will not run if there are fewer than this number of entries in the cache. The default value is 1024 . NeighbourGcThreshold2 Configures sysctl net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 value. This is the soft maximum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache. The garbage collector will allow the number of entries to exceed this for 5 seconds before collection will be performed. The default value is 2048 . NeighbourGcThreshold3 Configures sysctl net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 value. This is the hard maximum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache. The garbage collector will always run if there are more than this number of entries in the cache. The default value is 4096 .	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_openstack_platform/16.0/html/overcloud_parameters/kernel-parameters
16.6. Random Number Generator Device	16.6. Random Number Generator Device Random number generators are very important for operating system security. For securing virtual operating systems, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 includes virtio-rng , a virtual hardware random number generator device that can provide the guest with fresh entropy on request. On the host physical machine, the hardware RNG interface creates a chardev at /dev/hwrng , which can be opened and then read to fetch entropy from the host physical machine. In co-operation with the rngd daemon, the entropy from the host physical machine can be routed to the guest virtual machine's /dev/random , which is the primary source of randomness. Using a random number generator is particularly useful when a device such as a keyboard, mouse, and other inputs are not enough to generate sufficient entropy on the guest virtual machine. The virtual random number generator device allows the host physical machine to pass through entropy to guest virtual machine operating systems. This procedure can be performed using either the command line or the virt-manager interface. For instructions, see below. For more information about virtio-rng , see Red Hat Enterprise Linux Virtual Machines: Access to Random Numbers Made Easy . Procedure 16.11. Implementing virtio-rng using the Virtual Machine Manager Shut down the guest virtual machine. Select the guest virtual machine and from the Edit menu, select Virtual Machine Details , to open the Details window for the specified guest virtual machine. Click the Add Hardware button. In the Add New Virtual Hardware window, select RNG to open the Random Number Generator window. Figure 16.20. Random Number Generator window Enter the intended parameters and click Finish when done. The parameters are explained in virtio-rng elements . Procedure 16.12. Implementing virtio-rng using command-line tools Shut down the guest virtual machine. Using the virsh edit domain-name command, open the XML file for the intended guest virtual machine. Edit the <devices> element to include the following: ... <devices> <rng model='virtio'> <rate period='2000' bytes='1234'/> <backend model='random'>/dev/random</backend> <!-- OR --> <backend model='egd' type='udp'> <source mode='bind' service='1234'/> <source mode='connect' host='1.2.3.4' service='1234'/> </backend> </rng> </devices> ... Figure 16.21. Random number generator device The random number generator device allows the following XML attributes and elements: virtio-rng elements <model> - The required model attribute specifies what type of RNG device is provided. <backend model> - The <backend> element specifies the source of entropy to be used for the guest. The source model is configured using the model attribute. Supported source models include 'random' and 'egd' . <backend model='random'> - This <backend> type expects a non-blocking character device as input. Examples of such devices are /dev/random and /dev/urandom . The file name is specified as contents of the <backend> element. When no file name is specified the hypervisor default is used. <backend model='egd'> - This back end connects to a source using the EGD protocol. The source is specified as a character device. See character device host physical machine interface for more information.	[ "<devices> <rng model='virtio'> <rate period='2000' bytes='1234'/> <backend model='random'>/dev/random</backend> <!-- OR --> <backend model='egd' type='udp'> <source mode='bind' service='1234'/> <source mode='connect' host='1.2.3.4' service='1234'/> </backend> </rng> </devices>" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/virtualization_deployment_and_administration_guide/sect-guest_virtual_machine_device_configuration-random_number_generator_device
Backup and restore	Backup and restore OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 Backing up and restoring your OpenShift Container Platform cluster Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team	[ "oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver-operator get secret kube-apiserver-to-kubelet-signer -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.auth\\.openshift\\.io/certificate-not-after}{\"\\n\"}'", "2023-08-05T14:37:50Z", "oc debug node/<node_name>", "sh-4.4# chroot /host", "sh-5.1# openssl x509 -in /var/lib/kubelet/pki/kubelet-client-current.pem -noout -enddate", "notAfter=Jun 6 10:50:07 2023 GMT", "sh-5.1# openssl x509 -in /var/lib/kubelet/pki/kubelet-server-current.pem -noout -enddate", "notAfter=Jun 6 10:50:07 2023 GMT", "for node in USD(oc get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[].metadata.name}'); do oc debug node/USD{node} -- chroot /host shutdown -h 1; done 1", "Starting pod/ip-10-0-130-169us-east-2computeinternal-debug To use host binaries, run `chroot /host` Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2021-09-13 09:36:17 UTC, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel. Removing debug pod Starting pod/ip-10-0-150-116us-east-2computeinternal-debug To use host binaries, run `chroot /host` Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2021-09-13 09:36:29 UTC, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.", "for node in USD(oc get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[].metadata.name}'); do oc debug node/USD{node} -- chroot /host shutdown -h 10; done", "oc get nodes -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION ip-10-0-168-251.ec2.internal Ready master 75m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-170-223.ec2.internal Ready master 75m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-211-16.ec2.internal Ready master 75m v1.23.0", "oc get csr", "oc describe csr <csr_name> 1", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>", "oc get nodes -l node-role.kubernetes.io/worker", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION ip-10-0-179-95.ec2.internal Ready worker 64m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-182-134.ec2.internal Ready worker 64m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-250-100.ec2.internal Ready worker 64m v1.23.0", "oc get csr", "oc describe csr <csr_name> 1", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>", "oc get clusteroperators", "NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.10.0 True False False 59m cloud-credential 4.10.0 True False False 85m cluster-autoscaler 4.10.0 True False False 73m config-operator 4.10.0 True False False 73m console 4.10.0 True False False 62m csi-snapshot-controller 4.10.0 True False False 66m dns 4.10.0 True False False 76m etcd 4.10.0 True False False 76m", "oc get nodes", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION ip-10-0-168-251.ec2.internal Ready master 82m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-170-223.ec2.internal Ready master 82m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-179-95.ec2.internal Ready worker 70m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-182-134.ec2.internal Ready worker 70m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-211-16.ec2.internal Ready master 82m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-250-100.ec2.internal Ready worker 69m v1.23.0", "oc annotate --overwrite namespace/openshift-adp volsync.backube/privileged-movers='true'", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: dpa-sample spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - aws - azure - gcp", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: dpa-sample spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - azure - gcp customPlugins: - name: custom-plugin-example image: quay.io/example-repo/custom-velero-plugin", "BUCKET=<your_bucket>", "REGION=<your_region>", "aws s3api create-bucket --bucket USDBUCKET --region USDREGION --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=USDREGION 1", "aws iam create-user --user-name velero 1", "cat > velero-policy.json <<EOF { \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\", \"Statement\": [ { \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": [ \"ec2:DescribeVolumes\", \"ec2:DescribeSnapshots\", \"ec2:CreateTags\", \"ec2:CreateVolume\", \"ec2:CreateSnapshot\", \"ec2:DeleteSnapshot\" ], \"Resource\": \"\" }, { \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": [ \"s3:GetObject\", \"s3:DeleteObject\", \"s3:PutObject\", \"s3:AbortMultipartUpload\", \"s3:ListMultipartUploadParts\" ], \"Resource\": [ \"arn:aws:s3:::USD{BUCKET}/\" ] }, { \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": [ \"s3:ListBucket\", \"s3:GetBucketLocation\", \"s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads\" ], \"Resource\": [ \"arn:aws:s3:::USD{BUCKET}\" ] } ] } EOF", "aws iam put-user-policy --user-name velero --policy-name velero --policy-document file://velero-policy.json", "aws iam create-access-key --user-name velero", "{ \"AccessKey\": { \"UserName\": \"velero\", \"Status\": \"Active\", \"CreateDate\": \"2017-07-31T22:24:41.576Z\", \"SecretAccessKey\": <AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>, \"AccessKeyId\": <AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID> } }", "cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero [default] aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID> aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY> EOF", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "[backupStorage] aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID> aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY> [volumeSnapshot] aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID> aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY>", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero 1", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <prefix> config: region: us-east-1 profile: \"backupStorage\" credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials snapshotLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws config: region: us-west-2 profile: \"volumeSnapshot\"", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: configuration: velero: podConfig: nodeSelector: <node selector> 1 resourceAllocations: limits: cpu: \"1\" memory: 512Mi requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket> prefix: <prefix> caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1 config: insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"false\" 2", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift 1 - aws resourceTimeout: 10m 2 restic: enable: true 3 podConfig: nodeSelector: <node_selector> 4 backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> 5 prefix: <prefix> 6 config: region: <region> profile: \"default\" credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials 7 snapshotLocations: 8 - name: default velero: provider: aws config: region: <region> 9 profile: \"default\"", "oc get all -n openshift-adp", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8 2/2 Running 0 2m8s pod/restic-9cq4q 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-m4lts 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-pv4kr 1/1 Running 0 95s pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v 1/1 Running 0 95s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service ClusterIP 172.30.70.140 <none> 8443/TCP 2m8s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE daemonset.apps/restic 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 96s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 2m9s deployment.apps/velero 1/1 1 1 96s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47 1 1 1 2m9s replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655 1 1 1 96s", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - csi 1", "az login", "AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=Velero_Backups", "az group create -n USDAZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP --location CentralUS 1", "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID=\"veleroUSD(uuidgen \| cut -d '-' -f5 \| tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')\"", "az storage account create --name USDAZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID --resource-group USDAZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP --sku Standard_GRS --encryption-services blob --https-only true --kind BlobStorage --access-tier Hot", "BLOB_CONTAINER=velero", "az storage container create -n USDBLOB_CONTAINER --public-access off --account-name USDAZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID", "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY=`az storage account keys list --account-name USDAZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID --query \"[?keyName == 'key1'].value\" -o tsv`", "AZURE_ROLE=Velero az role definition create --role-definition '{ \"Name\": \"'USDAZURE_ROLE'\", \"Description\": \"Velero related permissions to perform backups, restores and deletions\", \"Actions\": [ \"Microsoft.Compute/disks/read\", \"Microsoft.Compute/disks/write\", \"Microsoft.Compute/disks/endGetAccess/action\", \"Microsoft.Compute/disks/beginGetAccess/action\", \"Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/read\", \"Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/write\", \"Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/delete\", \"Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listkeys/action\", \"Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/regeneratekey/action\" ], \"AssignableScopes\": [\"/subscriptions/'USDAZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID'\"] }'", "cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=USD{AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID} AZURE_TENANT_ID=USD{AZURE_TENANT_ID} AZURE_CLIENT_ID=USD{AZURE_CLIENT_ID} AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=USD{AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET} AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=USD{AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY=USD{AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY} 1 AZURE_CLOUD_NAME=AzurePublicCloud EOF", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-azure -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-azure -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupLocations: - velero: config: resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group> storageAccount: <azure_storage_account_id> subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id> storageAccountKeyEnvVar: AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY credential: key: cloud name: <custom_secret> 1 provider: azure default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <prefix> snapshotLocations: - velero: config: resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group> subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id> incremental: \"true\" name: default provider: azure", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: configuration: velero: podConfig: nodeSelector: <node selector> 1 resourceAllocations: limits: cpu: \"1\" memory: 512Mi requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket> prefix: <prefix> caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1 config: insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"false\" 2", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - azure - openshift 1 resourceTimeout: 10m 2 restic: enable: true 3 podConfig: nodeSelector: <node_selector> 4 backupLocations: - velero: config: resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group> 5 storageAccount: <azure_storage_account_id> 6 subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id> 7 storageAccountKeyEnvVar: AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_KEY credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials-azure 8 provider: azure default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> 9 prefix: <prefix> 10 snapshotLocations: 11 - velero: config: resourceGroup: <azure_resource_group> subscriptionId: <azure_subscription_id> incremental: \"true\" name: default provider: azure", "oc get all -n openshift-adp", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8 2/2 Running 0 2m8s pod/restic-9cq4q 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-m4lts 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-pv4kr 1/1 Running 0 95s pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v 1/1 Running 0 95s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service ClusterIP 172.30.70.140 <none> 8443/TCP 2m8s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE daemonset.apps/restic 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 96s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 2m9s deployment.apps/velero 1/1 1 1 96s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47 1 1 1 2m9s replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655 1 1 1 96s", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - csi 1", "gcloud auth login", "BUCKET=<bucket> 1", "gsutil mb gs://USDBUCKET/", "PROJECT_ID=USD(gcloud config get-value project)", "gcloud iam service-accounts create velero --display-name \"Velero service account\"", "gcloud iam service-accounts list", "SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL=USD(gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter=\"displayName:Velero service account\" --format 'value(email)')", "ROLE_PERMISSIONS=( compute.disks.get compute.disks.create compute.disks.createSnapshot compute.snapshots.get compute.snapshots.create compute.snapshots.useReadOnly compute.snapshots.delete compute.zones.get storage.objects.create storage.objects.delete storage.objects.get storage.objects.list iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob )", "gcloud iam roles create velero.server --project USDPROJECT_ID --title \"Velero Server\" --permissions \"USD(IFS=\",\"; echo \"USD{ROLE_PERMISSIONS[]}\")\"", "gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USDPROJECT_ID --member serviceAccount:USDSERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL --role projects/USDPROJECT_ID/roles/velero.server", "gsutil iam ch serviceAccount:USDSERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL:objectAdmin gs://USD{BUCKET}", "gcloud iam service-accounts keys create credentials-velero --iam-account USDSERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-gcp -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials-gcp -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupLocations: - velero: provider: gcp default: true credential: key: cloud name: <custom_secret> 1 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <prefix> snapshotLocations: - velero: provider: gcp default: true config: project: <project> snapshotLocation: us-west1", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: configuration: velero: podConfig: nodeSelector: <node selector> 1 resourceAllocations: limits: cpu: \"1\" memory: 512Mi requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket> prefix: <prefix> caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1 config: insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"false\" 2", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - gcp - openshift 1 resourceTimeout: 10m 2 restic: enable: true 3 podConfig: nodeSelector: <node_selector> 4 backupLocations: - velero: provider: gcp default: true credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials-gcp 5 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> 6 prefix: <prefix> 7 snapshotLocations: 8 - velero: provider: gcp default: true config: project: <project> snapshotLocation: us-west1 9", "oc get all -n openshift-adp", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8 2/2 Running 0 2m8s pod/restic-9cq4q 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-m4lts 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-pv4kr 1/1 Running 0 95s pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v 1/1 Running 0 95s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service ClusterIP 172.30.70.140 <none> 8443/TCP 2m8s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE daemonset.apps/restic 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 96s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 2m9s deployment.apps/velero 1/1 1 1 96s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47 1 1 1 2m9s replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655 1 1 1 96s", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - csi 1", "cat << EOF > ./credentials-velero [default] aws_access_key_id=<AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID> aws_secret_access_key=<AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY> EOF", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupLocations: - velero: config: profile: \"default\" region: minio s3Url: <url> insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"true\" s3ForcePathStyle: \"true\" provider: aws default: true credential: key: cloud name: <custom_secret> 1 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <prefix>", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: configuration: velero: podConfig: nodeSelector: <node selector> 1 resourceAllocations: limits: cpu: \"1\" memory: 512Mi requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket> prefix: <prefix> caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1 config: insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"false\" 2", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - aws - openshift 1 resourceTimeout: 10m 2 restic: enable: true 3 podConfig: nodeSelector: <node_selector> 4 backupLocations: - velero: config: profile: \"default\" region: minio s3Url: <url> 5 insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"true\" s3ForcePathStyle: \"true\" provider: aws default: true credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials 6 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> 7 prefix: <prefix> 8", "oc get all -n openshift-adp", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8 2/2 Running 0 2m8s pod/restic-9cq4q 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-m4lts 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-pv4kr 1/1 Running 0 95s pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v 1/1 Running 0 95s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service ClusterIP 172.30.70.140 <none> 8443/TCP 2m8s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE daemonset.apps/restic 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 96s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 2m9s deployment.apps/velero 1/1 1 1 96s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47 1 1 1 2m9s replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655 1 1 1 96s", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - csi 1", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic cloud-credentials -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "oc create secret generic <custom_secret> -n openshift-adp --from-file cloud=credentials-velero", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupLocations: - velero: provider: <provider> default: true credential: key: cloud name: <custom_secret> 1 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <prefix>", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: configuration: velero: podConfig: nodeSelector: <node selector> 1 resourceAllocations: limits: cpu: \"1\" memory: 512Mi requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> spec: backupLocations: - name: default velero: provider: aws default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket> prefix: <prefix> caCert: <base64_encoded_cert_string> 1 config: insecureSkipTLSVerify: \"false\" 2", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: <dpa_sample> namespace: openshift-adp spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - kubevirt 1 - gcp 2 - csi 3 - openshift 4 resourceTimeout: 10m 5 restic: enable: true 6 podConfig: nodeSelector: <node_selector> 7 backupLocations: - velero: provider: gcp 8 default: true credential: key: cloud name: <default_secret> 9 objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> 10 prefix: <prefix> 11", "oc get all -n openshift-adp", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47-6l8z8 2/2 Running 0 2m8s pod/restic-9cq4q 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-m4lts 1/1 Running 0 94s pod/restic-pv4kr 1/1 Running 0 95s pod/velero-588db7f655-n842v 1/1 Running 0 95s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/oadp-operator-controller-manager-metrics-service ClusterIP 172.30.70.140 <none> 8443/TCP 2m8s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE daemonset.apps/restic 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 96s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 2m9s deployment.apps/velero 1/1 1 1 96s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/oadp-operator-controller-manager-67d9494d47 1 1 1 2m9s replicaset.apps/velero-588db7f655 1 1 1 96s", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - csi 1", "oc get backupStorageLocations", "NAME PHASE LAST VALIDATED AGE DEFAULT velero-sample-1 Available 11s 31m", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Backup metadata: name: <backup> labels: velero.io/storage-location: default namespace: openshift-adp spec: hooks: {} includedNamespaces: - <namespace> 1 includedResources: [] 2 excludedResources: [] 3 storageLocation: <velero-sample-1> 4 ttl: 720h0m0s labelSelector: 5 matchLabels: app=<label_1> app=<label_2> app=<label_3> orLabelSelectors: 6 - matchLabels: app=<label_1> app=<label_2> app=<label_3>", "oc get backup -n openshift-adp <backup> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'", "apiVersion: snapshot.storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: VolumeSnapshotClass metadata: name: <volume_snapshot_class_name> labels: velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class: \"true\" driver: <csi_driver> deletionPolicy: Retain", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Backup metadata: name: <backup> labels: velero.io/storage-location: default namespace: openshift-adp spec: defaultVolumesToRestic: true 1", "apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: <secret_name> namespace: openshift-adp type: Opaque stringData: RESTIC_PASSWORD: <secure_restic_password>", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: velero-sample namespace: openshift-adp spec: features: dataMover: enable: true credentialName: <secret_name> 1 backupLocations: - velero: config: profile: default region: us-east-1 credential: key: cloud name: cloud-credentials default: true objectStorage: bucket: <bucket_name> prefix: <bucket_prefix> provider: aws configuration: restic: enable: <true_or_false> velero: defaultPlugins: - openshift - aws - csi", "apiVersion: datamover.oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: VolumeSnapshotBackup metadata: name: <vsb_name> namespace: <namespace_name> 1 spec: volumeSnapshotContent: name: <snapcontent_name> protectedNamespace: <adp_namespace> resticSecretRef: name: <restic_secret_name>", "apiVersion: datamover.oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: VolumeSnapshotRestore metadata: name: <vsr_name> namespace: <namespace_name> 1 spec: protectedNamespace: <protected_ns> 2 resticSecretRef: name: <restic_secret_name> volumeSnapshotMoverBackupRef: sourcePVCData: name: <source_pvc_name> size: <source_pvc_size> resticrepository: <your_restic_repo> volumeSnapshotClassName: <vsclass_name>", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Backup metadata: name: <backup_name> namespace: <protected_ns> 1 spec: includedNamespaces: - <app_ns> storageLocation: velero-sample-1", "oc get vsb -n <app_ns>", "oc get vsb <vsb_name> -n <app_ns> -o jsonpath=\"{.status.phase}\"", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Restore metadata: name: <restore_name> namespace: <protected_ns> spec: backupName: <previous_backup_name> restorePVs: true", "oc get vsr -n <app_ns>", "oc get vsr <vsr_name> -n <app_ns> -o jsonpath=\"{.status.phase}\"", "oc delete vsb -n <app_namespace> --all", "oc delete vsr -n <app_namespace> --all", "oc delete volumesnapshotcontent --all", "oc delete vsb -n <app_namespace> --all", "oc delete volumesnapshot -A --all", "oc delete volumesnapshotcontent --all", "oc delete pvc -n <protected_namespace> --all", "oc delete replicationsource -n <protected_namespace> --all", "oc delete vsr -n <app-ns> --all", "oc delete volumesnapshot -A --all", "oc delete volumesnapshotcontent --all", "oc delete replicationdestination -n <protected_namespace> --all", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Backup metadata: name: <backup> namespace: openshift-adp spec: hooks: resources: - name: <hook_name> includedNamespaces: - <namespace> 1 excludedNamespaces: 2 - <namespace> includedResources: [] - pods 3 excludedResources: [] 4 labelSelector: 5 matchLabels: app: velero component: server pre: 6 - exec: container: <container> 7 command: - /bin/uname 8 - -a onError: Fail 9 timeout: 30s 10 post: 11", "oc get backupStorageLocations", "NAME PHASE LAST VALIDATED AGE DEFAULT velero-sample-1 Available 11s 31m", "cat << EOF \| oc apply -f - apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Schedule metadata: name: <schedule> namespace: openshift-adp spec: schedule: 0 7 * * 1 template: hooks: {} includedNamespaces: - <namespace> 2 storageLocation: <velero-sample-1> 3 defaultVolumesToRestic: true 4 ttl: 720h0m0s EOF", "oc get schedule -n openshift-adp <schedule> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'", "oc delete backup <backup_CR_name> -n <velero_namespace>", "velero backup delete <backup_CR_name> -n <velero_namespace>", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Restore metadata: name: <restore> namespace: openshift-adp spec: backupName: <backup> 1 includedResources: [] 2 excludedResources: - nodes - events - events.events.k8s.io - backups.velero.io - restores.velero.io - resticrepositories.velero.io restorePVs: true 3", "oc get restore -n openshift-adp <restore> -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}'", "oc get all -n <namespace> 1", "bash dc-restic-post-restore.sh <restore-name>", "#!/bin/bash set -e if sha256sum exists, use it to check the integrity of the file if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then CHECKSUM_CMD=\"sha256sum\" else CHECKSUM_CMD=\"shasum -a 256\" fi label_name () { if [ \"USD{#1}\" -le \"63\" ]; then echo USD1 return fi sha=USD(echo -n USD1\|USDCHECKSUM_CMD) echo \"USD{1:0:57}USD{sha:0:6}\" } OADP_NAMESPACE=USD{OADP_NAMESPACE:=openshift-adp} if [[ USD# -ne 1 ]]; then echo \"usage: USD{BASH_SOURCE} restore-name\" exit 1 fi echo using OADP Namespace USDOADP_NAMESPACE echo restore: USD1 label=USD(label_name USD1) echo label: USDlabel echo Deleting disconnected restore pods delete pods -l oadp.openshift.io/disconnected-from-dc=USDlabel for dc in USD(oc get dc --all-namespaces -l oadp.openshift.io/replicas-modified=USDlabel -o jsonpath='{range .items[]}{.metadata.namespace}{\",\"}{.metadata.name}{\",\"}{.metadata.annotations.oadp\\.openshift\\.io/original-replicas}{\",\"}{.metadata.annotations.oadp\\.openshift\\.io/original-paused}{\"\\n\"}') do IFS=',' read -ra dc_arr <<< \"USDdc\" if [ USD{#dc_arr[0]} -gt 0 ]; then echo Found deployment USD{dc_arr[0]}/USD{dc_arr[1]}, setting replicas: USD{dc_arr[2]}, paused: USD{dc_arr[3]} cat <<EOF \| oc patch dc -n USD{dc_arr[0]} USD{dc_arr[1]} --patch-file /dev/stdin spec: replicas: USD{dc_arr[2]} paused: USD{dc_arr[3]} EOF fi done", "apiVersion: velero.io/v1 kind: Restore metadata: name: <restore> namespace: openshift-adp spec: hooks: resources: - name: <hook_name> includedNamespaces: - <namespace> 1 excludedNamespaces: - <namespace> includedResources: - pods 2 excludedResources: [] labelSelector: 3 matchLabels: app: velero component: server postHooks: - init: initContainers: - name: restore-hook-init image: alpine:latest volumeMounts: - mountPath: /restores/pvc1-vm name: pvc1-vm command: - /bin/ash - -c timeout: 4 - exec: container: <container> 5 command: - /bin/bash 6 - -c - \"psql < /backup/backup.sql\" waitTimeout: 5m 7 execTimeout: 1m 8 onError: Continue 9", "alias velero='oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -it -- ./velero'", "oc describe <velero_cr> <cr_name>", "oc logs pod/<velero>", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication metadata: name: velero-sample spec: configuration: velero: logLevel: warning", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero <backup_restore_cr> <command> <cr_name>", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero backup describe 0e44ae00-5dc3-11eb-9ca8-df7e5254778b-2d8ql", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero --help", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero <backup_restore_cr> describe <cr_name>", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero backup describe 0e44ae00-5dc3-11eb-9ca8-df7e5254778b-2d8ql", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero <backup_restore_cr> logs <cr_name>", "oc -n openshift-adp exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero restore logs ccc7c2d0-6017-11eb-afab-85d0007f5a19-x4lbf", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication configuration: velero: podConfig: resourceAllocations: requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication configuration: restic: podConfig: resourceAllocations: requests: cpu: 500m memory: 256Mi", "requests: cpu: 500m memory: 128Mi", "velero restore <restore_name> --from-backup=<backup_name> --include-resources service.serving.knavtive.dev", "oc get mutatingwebhookconfigurations", "[default] 1 aws_access_key_id=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE 2 aws_secret_access_key=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY", "oc -n {namespace} exec deployment/velero -c velero -- ./velero backup describe <backup>", "oc delete backup <backup> -n openshift-adp", "time=\"2023-02-17T16:33:13Z\" level=error msg=\"Error backing up item\" backup=openshift-adp/user1-backup-check5 error=\"error executing custom action (groupResource=persistentvolumeclaims, namespace=busy1, name=pvc1-user1): rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to get volumesnapshotclass for storageclass ocs-storagecluster-ceph-rbd: failed to get volumesnapshotclass for provisioner openshift-storage.rbd.csi.ceph.com, ensure that the desired volumesnapshot class has the velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class label\" logSource=\"/remote-source/velero/app/pkg/backup/backup.go:417\" name=busybox-79799557b5-vprq", "oc delete backup <backup> -n openshift-adp", "oc label volumesnapshotclass/<snapclass_name> velero.io/csi-volumesnapshot-class=true", "spec: configuration: restic: enable: true supplementalGroups: - <group_id> 1", "oc delete resticrepository openshift-adp <name_of_the_restic_repository>", "time=\"2021-12-29T18:29:14Z\" level=info msg=\"1 errors encountered backup up item\" backup=velero/backup65 logSource=\"pkg/backup/backup.go:431\" name=mysql-7d99fc949-qbkds time=\"2021-12-29T18:29:14Z\" level=error msg=\"Error backing up item\" backup=velero/backup65 error=\"pod volume backup failed: error running restic backup, stderr=Fatal: unable to open config file: Stat: The specified key does not exist.\\nIs there a repository at the following location?\\ns3:http://minio-minio.apps.mayap-oadp- veleo-1234.qe.devcluster.openshift.com/mayapvelerooadp2/velero1/ restic/ mysql-persistent \\n: exit status 1\" error.file=\"/remote-source/ src/github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/pkg/restic/backupper.go:184\" error.function=\"github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/ pkg/restic.(backupper).BackupPodVolumes\" logSource=\"pkg/backup/backup.go:435\" name=mysql-7d99fc949-qbkds", "oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.1", "oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/oadp/oadp-mustgather-rhel8:v1.1 -- /usr/bin/gather_metrics_dump", "tar -xvzf must-gather/metrics/prom_data.tar.gz", "make prometheus-run", "Started Prometheus on http://localhost:9090", "make prometheus-cleanup", "oc api-resources", "apiVersion: oadp.openshift.io/vialpha1 kind: DataProtectionApplication spec: configuration: velero: featureFlags: - EnableAPIGroupVersions", "velero backup create <backup_name> --default-volumes-to-fs-backup <any_other_options>", "oc debug node/<node_name>", "sh-4.2# chroot /host", "sh-4.4# /usr/local/bin/cluster-backup.sh /home/core/assets/backup", "found latest kube-apiserver: /etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/kube-apiserver-pod-6 found latest kube-controller-manager: /etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/kube-controller-manager-pod-7 found latest kube-scheduler: /etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/kube-scheduler-pod-6 found latest etcd: /etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/etcd-pod-3 ede95fe6b88b87ba86a03c15e669fb4aa5bf0991c180d3c6895ce72eaade54a1 etcdctl version: 3.4.14 API version: 3.4 {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":1624647639.0188997,\"caller\":\"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:119\",\"msg\":\"created temporary db file\",\"path\":\"/home/core/assets/backup/snapshot_2021-06-25_190035.db.part\"} {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":\"2021-06-25T19:00:39.030Z\",\"caller\":\"clientv3/maintenance.go:200\",\"msg\":\"opened snapshot stream; downloading\"} {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":1624647639.0301006,\"caller\":\"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:127\",\"msg\":\"fetching snapshot\",\"endpoint\":\"https://10.0.0.5:2379\"} {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":\"2021-06-25T19:00:40.215Z\",\"caller\":\"clientv3/maintenance.go:208\",\"msg\":\"completed snapshot read; closing\"} {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":1624647640.6032252,\"caller\":\"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:142\",\"msg\":\"fetched snapshot\",\"endpoint\":\"https://10.0.0.5:2379\",\"size\":\"114 MB\",\"took\":1.584090459} {\"level\":\"info\",\"ts\":1624647640.6047094,\"caller\":\"snapshot/v3_snapshot.go:152\",\"msg\":\"saved\",\"path\":\"/home/core/assets/backup/snapshot_2021-06-25_190035.db\"} Snapshot saved at /home/core/assets/backup/snapshot_2021-06-25_190035.db {\"hash\":3866667823,\"revision\":31407,\"totalKey\":12828,\"totalSize\":114446336} snapshot db and kube resources are successfully saved to /home/core/assets/backup", "oc get etcd -o=jsonpath='{range .items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"EtcdMembersAvailable\")]}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "2 of 3 members are available, ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal is unhealthy", "oc get machines -A -ojsonpath='{range .items[]}{@.status.nodeRef.name}{\"\\t\"}{@.status.providerStatus.instanceState}{\"\\n\"}' \| grep -v running", "ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal stopped 1", "oc get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[]}{\"\\n\"}{.metadata.name}{\"\\t\"}{range .spec.taints[]}{.key}{\" \"}' \| grep unreachable", "ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal node-role.kubernetes.io/master node.kubernetes.io/unreachable node.kubernetes.io/unreachable 1", "oc get nodes -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master \| grep \"NotReady\"", "ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal NotReady master 122m v1.23.0 1", "oc get nodes -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal Ready master 6h13m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal Ready master 6h13m v1.23.0 ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal Ready master 6h13m v1.23.0", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "etcd-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 2/3 Error 7 6h9m 1 etcd-ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 6h6m etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 6h6m", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "etcd-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 123m etcd-ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 123m etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 124m", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| 6fc1e7c9db35841d \| started \| ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.131.183:2380 \| https://10.0.131.183:2379 \| \| 757b6793e2408b6c \| started \| ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.164.97:2380 \| https://10.0.164.97:2379 \| \| ca8c2990a0aa29d1 \| started \| ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.154.204:2380 \| https://10.0.154.204:2379 \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member remove 6fc1e7c9db35841d", "Member 6fc1e7c9db35841d removed from cluster ead669ce1fbfb346", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| 757b6793e2408b6c \| started \| ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.164.97:2380 \| https://10.0.164.97:2379 \| \| ca8c2990a0aa29d1 \| started \| ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.154.204:2380 \| https://10.0.154.204:2379 \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": {\"useUnsupportedUnsafeNonHANonProductionUnstableEtcd\": true}}}'", "oc get secrets -n openshift-etcd \| grep ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 1", "etcd-peer-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m etcd-serving-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m etcd-serving-metrics-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-peer-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-serving-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-serving-metrics-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-0 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h37m ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-0ec2782f8287dfb7e stopped 1 clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc get machine clustername-8qw5l-master-0 \\ 1 -n openshift-machine-api -o yaml > new-master-machine.yaml", "status: addresses: - address: 10.0.131.183 type: InternalIP - address: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal type: InternalDNS - address: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal type: Hostname lastUpdated: \"2020-04-20T17:44:29Z\" nodeRef: kind: Node name: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal uid: acca4411-af0d-4387-b73e-52b2484295ad phase: Running providerStatus: apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1 conditions: - lastProbeTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" lastTransitionTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" message: machine successfully created reason: MachineCreationSucceeded status: \"True\" type: MachineCreation instanceId: i-0fdb85790d76d0c3f instanceState: stopped kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus", "apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1 kind: Machine metadata: name: clustername-8qw5l-master-3", "providerID: aws:///us-east-1a/i-0fdb85790d76d0c3f", "oc delete machine -n openshift-machine-api clustername-8qw5l-master-0 1", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc apply -f new-master-machine.yaml", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-master-3 Provisioning m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1a 85s ip-10-0-133-53.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-015b0888fe17bc2c8 running 1 clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": null}}'", "oc get etcd/cluster -oyaml", "EtcdCertSignerControllerDegraded: [Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-peer-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-metrics-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again]", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "etcd-ip-10-0-133-53.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 7m49s etcd-ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 123m etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 124m", "oc patch etcd cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge 1", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| 5eb0d6b8ca24730c \| started \| ip-10-0-133-53.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.133.53:2380 \| https://10.0.133.53:2379 \| \| 757b6793e2408b6c \| started \| ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.164.97:2380 \| https://10.0.164.97:2379 \| \| ca8c2990a0aa29d1 \| started \| ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.154.204:2380 \| https://10.0.154.204:2379 \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+", "oc debug node/ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 1", "sh-4.2# chroot /host", "sh-4.2# mkdir /var/lib/etcd-backup", "sh-4.2# mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd-pod.yaml /var/lib/etcd-backup/", "sh-4.2# mv /var/lib/etcd/ /tmp", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "etcd-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 2/3 Error 7 6h9m etcd-ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 6h6m etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal 3/3 Running 0 6h6m", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| 62bcf33650a7170a \| started \| ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.131.183:2380 \| https://10.0.131.183:2379 \| \| b78e2856655bc2eb \| started \| ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.164.97:2380 \| https://10.0.164.97:2379 \| \| d022e10b498760d5 \| started \| ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.154.204:2380 \| https://10.0.154.204:2379 \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member remove 62bcf33650a7170a", "Member 62bcf33650a7170a removed from cluster ead669ce1fbfb346", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ \| b78e2856655bc2eb \| started \| ip-10-0-164-97.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.164.97:2380 \| https://10.0.164.97:2379 \| \| d022e10b498760d5 \| started \| ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal \| https://10.0.154.204:2380 \| https://10.0.154.204:2379 \| +------------------+---------+------------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": {\"useUnsupportedUnsafeNonHANonProductionUnstableEtcd\": true}}}'", "oc get secrets -n openshift-etcd \| grep ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal 1", "etcd-peer-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m etcd-serving-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m etcd-serving-metrics-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal kubernetes.io/tls 2 47m", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-peer-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-serving-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc delete secret -n openshift-etcd etcd-serving-metrics-ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal", "oc patch etcd cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"single-master-recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge 1", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": null}}'", "oc get etcd/cluster -oyaml", "EtcdCertSignerControllerDegraded: [Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-peer-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-metrics-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again]", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-ip-10-0-154-204.ec2.internal", "sh-4.2# etcdctl endpoint health", "https://10.0.131.183:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 16.671434ms https://10.0.154.204:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 16.698331ms https://10.0.164.97:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 16.621645ms", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd -o wide", "etcd-openshift-control-plane-0 5/5 Running 11 3h56m 192.168.10.9 openshift-control-plane-0 <none> <none> etcd-openshift-control-plane-1 5/5 Running 0 3h54m 192.168.10.10 openshift-control-plane-1 <none> <none> etcd-openshift-control-plane-2 5/5 Running 0 3h58m 192.168.10.11 openshift-control-plane-2 <none> <none>", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-openshift-control-plane-0", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| IS LEARNER \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------+ \| 7a8197040a5126c8 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-2 \| https://192.168.10.11:2380/ \| https://192.168.10.11:2379/ \| false \| \| 8d5abe9669a39192 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-1 \| https://192.168.10.10:2380/ \| https://192.168.10.10:2379/ \| false \| \| cc3830a72fc357f9 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-0 \| https://192.168.10.9:2380/ \| https://192.168.10.9:2379/ \| false \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------+", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member remove 7a8197040a5126c8", "Member 7a8197040a5126c8 removed from cluster b23536c33f2cdd1b", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| IS LEARNER \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+ \| 7a8197040a5126c8 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-2 \| https://192.168.10.11:2380/ \| https://192.168.10.11:2379/ \| false \| \| 8d5abe9669a39192 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-1 \| https://192.168.10.10:2380/ \| https://192.168.10.10:2379/ \| false \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------+", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": {\"useUnsupportedUnsafeNonHANonProductionUnstableEtcd\": true}}}'", "oc get secrets -n openshift-etcd \| grep openshift-control-plane-2", "etcd-peer-openshift-control-plane-2 kubernetes.io/tls 2 134m etcd-serving-metrics-openshift-control-plane-2 kubernetes.io/tls 2 134m etcd-serving-openshift-control-plane-2 kubernetes.io/tls 2 134m", "oc delete secret etcd-peer-openshift-control-plane-2 -n openshift-etcd secret \"etcd-peer-openshift-control-plane-2\" deleted", "oc delete secret etcd-serving-metrics-openshift-control-plane-2 -n openshift-etcd secret \"etcd-serving-metrics-openshift-control-plane-2\" deleted", "oc delete secret etcd-serving-openshift-control-plane-2 -n openshift-etcd secret \"etcd-serving-openshift-control-plane-2\" deleted", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE examplecluster-control-plane-0 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-0/da1ebe11-3ff2-41c5-b099-0aa41222964e externally provisioned 1 examplecluster-control-plane-1 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-1/d9f9acbc-329c-475e-8d81-03b20280a3e1 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-2 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-2 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-2/3354bdac-61d8-410f-be5b-6a395b056135 externally provisioned examplecluster-compute-0 Running 165m openshift-compute-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-0/3d685b81-7410-4bb3-80ec-13a31858241f provisioned examplecluster-compute-1 Running 165m openshift-compute-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-1/0fdae6eb-2066-4241-91dc-e7ea72ab13b9 provisioned", "oc get machine examplecluster-control-plane-2 \\ 1 -n openshift-machine-api -o yaml > new-master-machine.yaml", "status: addresses: - address: \"\" type: InternalIP - address: fe80::4adf:37ff:feb0:8aa1%ens1f1.373 type: InternalDNS - address: fe80::4adf:37ff:feb0:8aa1%ens1f1.371 type: Hostname lastUpdated: \"2020-04-20T17:44:29Z\" nodeRef: kind: Machine name: fe80::4adf:37ff:feb0:8aa1%ens1f1.372 uid: acca4411-af0d-4387-b73e-52b2484295ad phase: Running providerStatus: apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1 conditions: - lastProbeTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" lastTransitionTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" message: machine successfully created reason: MachineCreationSucceeded status: \"True\" type: MachineCreation instanceId: i-0fdb85790d76d0c3f instanceState: stopped kind: Machine", "apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1 kind: Machine metadata: name: examplecluster-control-plane-3", "providerID: baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-2/3354bdac-61d8-410f-be5b-6a395b056135", "annotations: machine.openshift.io/instance-state: externally provisioned generation: 2", "lastTransitionTime: \"2022-08-03T08:40:36Z\" message: 'Drain operation currently blocked by: [{Name:EtcdQuorumOperator Owner:clusteroperator/etcd}]' reason: HookPresent severity: Warning status: \"False\" type: Drainable lastTransitionTime: \"2022-08-03T08:39:55Z\" status: \"True\" type: InstanceExists lastTransitionTime: \"2022-08-03T08:36:37Z\" status: \"True\" type: Terminable lastUpdated: \"2022-08-03T08:40:36Z\" nodeRef: kind: Node name: openshift-control-plane-2 uid: 788df282-6507-4ea2-9a43-24f237ccbc3c phase: Running", "oc get clusteroperator baremetal", "NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE MESSAGE baremetal 4.10.x True False False 3d15h", "oc delete bmh openshift-control-plane-2 -n openshift-machine-api", "baremetalhost.metal3.io \"openshift-control-plane-2\" deleted", "oc delete machine -n openshift-machine-api examplecluster-control-plane-2", "oc edit machine -n openshift-machine-api examplecluster-control-plane-2", "finalizers: - machine.machine.openshift.io", "machine.machine.openshift.io/examplecluster-control-plane-2 edited", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE examplecluster-control-plane-0 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-0/da1ebe11-3ff2-41c5-b099-0aa41222964e externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-1 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-1/d9f9acbc-329c-475e-8d81-03b20280a3e1 externally provisioned examplecluster-compute-0 Running 165m openshift-compute-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-0/3d685b81-7410-4bb3-80ec-13a31858241f provisioned examplecluster-compute-1 Running 165m openshift-compute-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-1/0fdae6eb-2066-4241-91dc-e7ea72ab13b9 provisioned", "oc get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION openshift-control-plane-0 Ready master 3h24m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-control-plane-1 Ready master 3h24m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-compute-0 Ready worker 176m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-compute-1 Ready worker 176m v1.24.0+9546431", "cat <<EOF \| oc apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: openshift-control-plane-2-bmc-secret namespace: openshift-machine-api data: password: <password> username: <username> type: Opaque --- apiVersion: metal3.io/v1alpha1 kind: BareMetalHost metadata: name: openshift-control-plane-2 namespace: openshift-machine-api spec: automatedCleaningMode: disabled bmc: address: redfish://10.46.61.18:443/redfish/v1/Systems/1 credentialsName: openshift-control-plane-2-bmc-secret disableCertificateVerification: true bootMACAddress: 48:df:37:b0:8a:a0 bootMode: UEFI externallyProvisioned: false online: true rootDeviceHints: deviceName: /dev/sda userData: name: master-user-data-managed namespace: openshift-machine-api EOF", "oc get bmh -n openshift-machine-api NAME STATE CONSUMER ONLINE ERROR AGE openshift-control-plane-0 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-0 true 4h48m openshift-control-plane-1 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-1 true 4h48m openshift-control-plane-2 available examplecluster-control-plane-3 true 47m openshift-compute-0 provisioned examplecluster-compute-0 true 4h48m openshift-compute-1 provisioned examplecluster-compute-1 true 4h48m", "oc apply -f new-master-machine.yaml", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE examplecluster-control-plane-0 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-0/da1ebe11-3ff2-41c5-b099-0aa41222964e externally provisioned 1 examplecluster-control-plane-1 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-1/d9f9acbc-329c-475e-8d81-03b20280a3e1 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-2 Running 3h11m openshift-control-plane-2 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-control-plane-2/3354bdac-61d8-410f-be5b-6a395b056135 externally provisioned examplecluster-compute-0 Running 165m openshift-compute-0 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-0/3d685b81-7410-4bb3-80ec-13a31858241f provisioned examplecluster-compute-1 Running 165m openshift-compute-1 baremetalhost:///openshift-machine-api/openshift-compute-1/0fdae6eb-2066-4241-91dc-e7ea72ab13b9 provisioned", "oc get bmh -n openshift-machine-api", "oc get bmh -n openshift-machine-api NAME STATE CONSUMER ONLINE ERROR AGE openshift-control-plane-0 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-0 true 4h48m openshift-control-plane-1 externally provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-1 true 4h48m openshift-control-plane-2 provisioned examplecluster-control-plane-3 true 47m openshift-compute-0 provisioned examplecluster-compute-0 true 4h48m openshift-compute-1 provisioned examplecluster-compute-1 true 4h48m", "oc get nodes", "oc get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION openshift-control-plane-0 Ready master 4h26m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-control-plane-1 Ready master 4h26m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-control-plane-2 Ready master 12m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-compute-0 Ready worker 3h58m v1.24.0+9546431 openshift-compute-1 Ready worker 3h58m v1.24.0+9546431", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": null}}'", "oc get etcd/cluster -oyaml", "EtcdCertSignerControllerDegraded: [Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-peer-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again, Operation cannot be fulfilled on secrets \"etcd-serving-metrics-sno-0\": the object has been modified; please apply your changes to the latest version and try again]", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd -o wide", "etcd-openshift-control-plane-0 5/5 Running 0 105m etcd-openshift-control-plane-1 5/5 Running 0 107m etcd-openshift-control-plane-2 5/5 Running 0 103m", "oc patch etcd cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge 1", "oc rsh -n openshift-etcd etcd-openshift-control-plane-0", "sh-4.2# etcdctl member list -w table", "+------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+ \| ID \| STATUS \| NAME \| PEER ADDRS \| CLIENT ADDRS \| IS LEARNER \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+ \| 7a8197040a5126c8 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-2 \| https://192.168.10.11:2380 \| https://192.168.10.11:2379 \| false \| \| 8d5abe9669a39192 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-1 \| https://192.168.10.10:2380 \| https://192.168.10.10:2379 \| false \| \| cc3830a72fc357f9 \| started \| openshift-control-plane-0 \| https://192.168.10.9:2380 \| https://192.168.10.9:2379 \| false \| +------------------+---------+--------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------+", "etcdctl endpoint health --cluster", "https://192.168.10.10:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.973065ms https://192.168.10.9:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 11.559829ms https://192.168.10.11:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 11.665203ms", "oc get etcd -o=jsonpath='{range.items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"NodeInstallerProgressing\")]}{.reason}{\"\\n\"}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "AllNodesAtLatestRevision", "sudo mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd-pod.yaml /tmp", "sudo crictl ps \| grep etcd \| grep -v operator", "sudo mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver-pod.yaml /tmp", "sudo crictl ps \| grep kube-apiserver \| grep -v operator", "sudo mv /var/lib/etcd/ /tmp", "sudo -E /usr/local/bin/cluster-restore.sh /home/core/backup", "...stopping kube-scheduler-pod.yaml ...stopping kube-controller-manager-pod.yaml ...stopping etcd-pod.yaml ...stopping kube-apiserver-pod.yaml Waiting for container etcd to stop .complete Waiting for container etcdctl to stop .............................complete Waiting for container etcd-metrics to stop complete Waiting for container kube-controller-manager to stop complete Waiting for container kube-apiserver to stop ..........................................................................................complete Waiting for container kube-scheduler to stop complete Moving etcd data-dir /var/lib/etcd/member to /var/lib/etcd-backup starting restore-etcd static pod starting kube-apiserver-pod.yaml static-pod-resources/kube-apiserver-pod-7/kube-apiserver-pod.yaml starting kube-controller-manager-pod.yaml static-pod-resources/kube-controller-manager-pod-7/kube-controller-manager-pod.yaml starting kube-scheduler-pod.yaml static-pod-resources/kube-scheduler-pod-8/kube-scheduler-pod.yaml", "oc get nodes -w", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION host-172-25-75-28 Ready master 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-38 Ready infra,worker 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-40 Ready master 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-65 Ready master 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-74 Ready infra,worker 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-79 Ready worker 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-86 Ready worker 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf host-172-25-75-98 Ready infra,worker 3d20h v1.23.3+e419edf", "ssh -i <ssh-key-path> core@<master-hostname>", "sh-4.4# pwd /var/lib/kubelet/pki sh-4.4# ls kubelet-client-2022-04-28-11-24-09.pem kubelet-server-2022-04-28-11-24-15.pem kubelet-client-current.pem kubelet-server-current.pem", "sudo systemctl restart kubelet.service", "oc get csr", "NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-2s94x 8m3s kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving system:node:<node_name> Pending 1 csr-4bd6t 8m3s kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving system:node:<node_name> Pending 2 csr-4hl85 13m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending 3 csr-zhhhp 3m8s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending 4", "oc describe csr <csr_name> 1", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>", "sudo crictl ps \| grep etcd \| egrep -v \"operator\|etcd-guard\"", "3ad41b7908e32 36f86e2eeaaffe662df0d21041eb22b8198e0e58abeeae8c743c3e6e977e8009 About a minute ago Running etcd 0 7c05f8af362f0", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE etcd-ip-10-0-143-125.ec2.internal 1/1 Running 1 2m47s", "sudo rm -f /var/lib/ovn/etc/.db", "oc delete pods -l app=ovnkube-master -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes", "oc get pods -l app=ovnkube-master -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ovnkube-master-nb24h 4/4 Running 0 48s", "oc get pods -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes -o name \| grep ovnkube-node \| while read p ; do oc delete USDp -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes ; done", "oc get pods -n openshift-ovn-kubernetes \| grep ovnkube-node", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-0 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h37m ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-0ec2782f8287dfb7e stopped 1 clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-143-125.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-154-194.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc get machine clustername-8qw5l-master-0 \\ 1 -n openshift-machine-api -o yaml > new-master-machine.yaml", "status: addresses: - address: 10.0.131.183 type: InternalIP - address: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal type: InternalDNS - address: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal type: Hostname lastUpdated: \"2020-04-20T17:44:29Z\" nodeRef: kind: Node name: ip-10-0-131-183.ec2.internal uid: acca4411-af0d-4387-b73e-52b2484295ad phase: Running providerStatus: apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1 conditions: - lastProbeTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" lastTransitionTime: \"2020-04-20T16:53:50Z\" message: machine successfully created reason: MachineCreationSucceeded status: \"True\" type: MachineCreation instanceId: i-0fdb85790d76d0c3f instanceState: stopped kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus", "apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1 kind: Machine metadata: name: clustername-8qw5l-master-3", "providerID: aws:///us-east-1a/i-0fdb85790d76d0c3f", "annotations: machine.openshift.io/instance-state: running generation: 2", "resourceVersion: \"13291\" uid: a282eb70-40a2-4e89-8009-d05dd420d31a", "oc delete machine -n openshift-machine-api clustername-8qw5l-master-0 1", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-143-125.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-154-194.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc apply -f new-master-machine.yaml", "oc get machines -n openshift-machine-api -o wide", "NAME PHASE TYPE REGION ZONE AGE NODE PROVIDERID STATE clustername-8qw5l-master-1 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h37m ip-10-0-143-125.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-096c349b700a19631 running clustername-8qw5l-master-2 Running m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h37m ip-10-0-154-194.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-02626f1dba9ed5bba running clustername-8qw5l-master-3 Provisioning m4.xlarge us-east-1 us-east-1a 85s ip-10-0-173-171.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-015b0888fe17bc2c8 running 1 clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1a-wbtgd Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1a 3h28m ip-10-0-129-226.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1a/i-010ef6279b4662ced running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1b-lrdxb Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1b 3h28m ip-10-0-144-248.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1b/i-0cb45ac45a166173b running clustername-8qw5l-worker-us-east-1c-pkg26 Running m4.large us-east-1 us-east-1c 3h28m ip-10-0-170-181.ec2.internal aws:///us-east-1c/i-06861c00007751b0a running", "oc patch etcd/cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\": {\"unsupportedConfigOverrides\": {\"useUnsupportedUnsafeNonHANonProductionUnstableEtcd\": true}}}'", "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/kube-apiserver-certs/secrets/node-kubeconfigs/localhost-recovery.kubeconfig", "oc patch etcd cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge 1", "oc get etcd -o=jsonpath='{range .items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"NodeInstallerProgressing\")]}{.reason}{\"\\n\"}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "AllNodesAtLatestRevision 3 nodes are at revision 7 1", "oc patch kubeapiserver cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge", "oc get kubeapiserver -o=jsonpath='{range .items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"NodeInstallerProgressing\")]}{.reason}{\"\\n\"}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "AllNodesAtLatestRevision 3 nodes are at revision 7 1", "oc patch kubecontrollermanager cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge", "oc get kubecontrollermanager -o=jsonpath='{range .items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"NodeInstallerProgressing\")]}{.reason}{\"\\n\"}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "AllNodesAtLatestRevision 3 nodes are at revision 7 1", "oc patch kubescheduler cluster -p='{\"spec\": {\"forceRedeploymentReason\": \"recovery-'\"USD( date --rfc-3339=ns )\"'\"}}' --type=merge", "oc get kubescheduler -o=jsonpath='{range .items[0].status.conditions[?(@.type==\"NodeInstallerProgressing\")]}{.reason}{\"\\n\"}{.message}{\"\\n\"}'", "AllNodesAtLatestRevision 3 nodes are at revision 7 1", "oc -n openshift-etcd get pods -l k8s-app=etcd", "etcd-ip-10-0-143-125.ec2.internal 2/2 Running 0 9h etcd-ip-10-0-154-194.ec2.internal 2/2 Running 0 9h etcd-ip-10-0-173-171.ec2.internal 2/2 Running 0 9h", "export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig", "oc whoami", "oc get csr", "NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-2s94x 8m3s kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving system:node:<node_name> Pending 1 csr-4bd6t 8m3s kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving system:node:<node_name> Pending 2 csr-4hl85 13m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending 3 csr-zhhhp 3m8s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending 4", "oc describe csr <csr_name> 1", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name>" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.10/html-single/backup_and_restore/index
Chapter 3. Configuring certificates	Chapter 3. Configuring certificates 3.1. Replacing the default ingress certificate 3.1.1. Understanding the default ingress certificate By default, OpenShift Container Platform uses the Ingress Operator to create an internal CA and issue a wildcard certificate that is valid for applications under the .apps sub-domain. Both the web console and CLI use this certificate as well. The internal infrastructure CA certificates are self-signed. While this process might be perceived as bad practice by some security or PKI teams, any risk here is minimal. The only clients that implicitly trust these certificates are other components within the cluster. Replacing the default wildcard certificate with one that is issued by a public CA already included in the CA bundle as provided by the container userspace allows external clients to connect securely to applications running under the .apps sub-domain. 3.1.2. Replacing the default ingress certificate You can replace the default ingress certificate for all applications under the .apps subdomain. After you replace the certificate, all applications, including the web console and CLI, will have encryption provided by specified certificate. Prerequisites You must have a wildcard certificate for the fully qualified .apps subdomain and its corresponding private key. Each should be in a separate PEM format file. The private key must be unencrypted. If your key is encrypted, decrypt it before importing it into OpenShift Container Platform. The certificate must include the subjectAltName extension showing .apps.<clustername>.<domain> . The certificate file can contain one or more certificates in a chain. The wildcard certificate must be the first certificate in the file. It can then be followed with any intermediate certificates, and the file should end with the root CA certificate. Copy the root CA certificate into an additional PEM format file. Verify that all certificates which include -----END CERTIFICATE----- also end with one carriage return after that line. Important Updating the certificate authority (CA) causes the nodes in your cluster to reboot. Procedure Create a config map that includes only the root CA certificate used to sign the wildcard certificate: USD oc create configmap custom-ca \ --from-file=ca-bundle.crt=</path/to/example-ca.crt> \ 1 -n openshift-config 1 </path/to/example-ca.crt> is the path to the root CA certificate file on your local file system. Update the cluster-wide proxy configuration with the newly created config map: USD oc patch proxy/cluster \ --type=merge \ --patch='{"spec":{"trustedCA":{"name":"custom-ca"}}}' Create a secret that contains the wildcard certificate chain and key: USD oc create secret tls <secret> \ 1 --cert=</path/to/cert.crt> \ 2 --key=</path/to/cert.key> \ 3 -n openshift-ingress 1 <secret> is the name of the secret that will contain the certificate chain and private key. 2 </path/to/cert.crt> is the path to the certificate chain on your local file system. 3 </path/to/cert.key> is the path to the private key associated with this certificate. Update the Ingress Controller configuration with the newly created secret: USD oc patch ingresscontroller.operator default \ --type=merge -p \ '{"spec":{"defaultCertificate": {"name": "<secret>"}}}' \ 1 -n openshift-ingress-operator 1 Replace <secret> with the name used for the secret in the step. Important To trigger the Ingress Operator to perform a rolling update, you must update the name of the secret. Because the kubelet automatically propagates changes to the secret in the volume mount, updating the secret contents does not trigger a rolling update. For more information, see this Red Hat Knowledgebase Solution . Additional resources Replacing the CA Bundle certificate Proxy certificate customization 3.2. Adding API server certificates The default API server certificate is issued by an internal OpenShift Container Platform cluster CA. Clients outside of the cluster will not be able to verify the API server's certificate by default. This certificate can be replaced by one that is issued by a CA that clients trust. 3.2.1. Add an API server named certificate The default API server certificate is issued by an internal OpenShift Container Platform cluster CA. You can add one or more alternative certificates that the API server will return based on the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) requested by the client, for example when a reverse proxy or load balancer is used. Prerequisites You must have a certificate for the FQDN and its corresponding private key. Each should be in a separate PEM format file. The private key must be unencrypted. If your key is encrypted, decrypt it before importing it into OpenShift Container Platform. The certificate must include the subjectAltName extension showing the FQDN. The certificate file can contain one or more certificates in a chain. The certificate for the API server FQDN must be the first certificate in the file. It can then be followed with any intermediate certificates, and the file should end with the root CA certificate. Warning Do not provide a named certificate for the internal load balancer (host name api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> ). Doing so will leave your cluster in a degraded state. Procedure Login to the new API as the kubeadmin user. USD oc login -u kubeadmin -p <password> https://FQDN:6443 Get the kubeconfig file. USD oc config view --flatten > kubeconfig-newapi Create a secret that contains the certificate chain and private key in the openshift-config namespace. USD oc create secret tls <secret> \ 1 --cert=</path/to/cert.crt> \ 2 --key=</path/to/cert.key> \ 3 -n openshift-config 1 <secret> is the name of the secret that will contain the certificate chain and private key. 2 </path/to/cert.crt> is the path to the certificate chain on your local file system. 3 </path/to/cert.key> is the path to the private key associated with this certificate. Update the API server to reference the created secret. USD oc patch apiserver cluster \ --type=merge -p \ '{"spec":{"servingCerts": {"namedCertificates": [{"names": ["<FQDN>"], 1 "servingCertificate": {"name": "<secret>"}}]}}}' 2 1 Replace <FQDN> with the FQDN that the API server should provide the certificate for. Do not include the port number. 2 Replace <secret> with the name used for the secret in the step. Examine the apiserver/cluster object and confirm the secret is now referenced. USD oc get apiserver cluster -o yaml Example output ... spec: servingCerts: namedCertificates: - names: - <FQDN> servingCertificate: name: <secret> ... Check the kube-apiserver operator, and verify that a new revision of the Kubernetes API server rolls out. It may take a minute for the operator to detect the configuration change and trigger a new deployment. While the new revision is rolling out, PROGRESSING will report True . USD oc get clusteroperators kube-apiserver Do not continue to the step until PROGRESSING is listed as False , as shown in the following output: Example output NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE kube-apiserver 4.13.0 True False False 145m If PROGRESSING is showing True , wait a few minutes and try again. Note A new revision of the Kubernetes API server only rolls out if the API server named certificate is added for the first time. When the API server named certificate is renewed, a new revision of the Kubernetes API server does not roll out because the kube-apiserver pods dynamically reload the updated certificate. 3.3. Securing service traffic using service serving certificate secrets 3.3.1. Understanding service serving certificates Service serving certificates are intended to support complex middleware applications that require encryption. These certificates are issued as TLS web server certificates. The service-ca controller uses the x509.SHA256WithRSA signature algorithm to generate service certificates. The generated certificate and key are in PEM format, stored in tls.crt and tls.key respectively, within a created secret. The certificate and key are automatically replaced when they get close to expiration. The service CA certificate, which issues the service certificates, is valid for 26 months and is automatically rotated when there is less than 13 months validity left. After rotation, the service CA configuration is still trusted until its expiration. This allows a grace period for all affected services to refresh their key material before the expiration. If you do not upgrade your cluster during this grace period, which restarts services and refreshes their key material, you might need to manually restart services to avoid failures after the service CA expires. Note You can use the following command to manually restart all pods in the cluster. Be aware that running this command causes a service interruption, because it deletes every running pod in every namespace. These pods will automatically restart after they are deleted. USD for I in USD(oc get ns -o jsonpath='{range .items[]} {.metadata.name}{"\n"} {end}'); \ do oc delete pods --all -n USDI; \ sleep 1; \ done 3.3.2. Add a service certificate To secure communication to your service, generate a signed serving certificate and key pair into a secret in the same namespace as the service. The generated certificate is only valid for the internal service DNS name <service.name>.<service.namespace>.svc , and is only valid for internal communications. If your service is a headless service (no clusterIP value set), the generated certificate also contains a wildcard subject in the format of .<service.name>.<service.namespace>.svc . Important Because the generated certificates contain wildcard subjects for headless services, you must not use the service CA if your client must differentiate between individual pods. In this case: Generate individual TLS certificates by using a different CA. Do not accept the service CA as a trusted CA for connections that are directed to individual pods and must not be impersonated by other pods. These connections must be configured to trust the CA that was used to generate the individual TLS certificates. Prerequisites You must have a service defined. Procedure Annotate the service with service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name : USD oc annotate service <service_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=<secret_name> 2 1 Replace <service_name> with the name of the service to secure. 2 <secret_name> will be the name of the generated secret containing the certificate and key pair. For convenience, it is recommended that this be the same as <service_name> . For example, use the following command to annotate the service test1 : USD oc annotate service test1 service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=test1 Examine the service to confirm that the annotations are present: USD oc describe service <service_name> Example output ... Annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name: <service_name> service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-signed-by: openshift-service-serving-signer@1556850837 ... After the cluster generates a secret for your service, your Pod spec can mount it, and the pod will run after it becomes available. Additional resources You can use a service certificate to configure a secure route using reencrypt TLS termination. For more information, see Creating a re-encrypt route with a custom certificate . 3.3.3. Add the service CA bundle to a config map A pod can access the service CA certificate by mounting a ConfigMap object that is annotated with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true . Once annotated, the cluster automatically injects the service CA certificate into the service-ca.crt key on the config map. Access to this CA certificate allows TLS clients to verify connections to services using service serving certificates. Important After adding this annotation to a config map all existing data in it is deleted. It is recommended to use a separate config map to contain the service-ca.crt , instead of using the same config map that stores your pod configuration. Procedure Annotate the config map with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true : USD oc annotate configmap <config_map_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true 1 Replace <config_map_name> with the name of the config map to annotate. Note Explicitly referencing the service-ca.crt key in a volume mount will prevent a pod from starting until the config map has been injected with the CA bundle. This behavior can be overridden by setting the optional field to true for the volume's serving certificate configuration. For example, use the following command to annotate the config map test1 : USD oc annotate configmap test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true View the config map to ensure that the service CA bundle has been injected: USD oc get configmap <config_map_name> -o yaml The CA bundle is displayed as the value of the service-ca.crt key in the YAML output: apiVersion: v1 data: service-ca.crt: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ... 3.3.4. Add the service CA bundle to an API service You can annotate an APIService object with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true to have its spec.caBundle field populated with the service CA bundle. This allows the Kubernetes API server to validate the service CA certificate used to secure the targeted endpoint. Procedure Annotate the API service with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true : USD oc annotate apiservice <api_service_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true 1 Replace <api_service_name> with the name of the API service to annotate. For example, use the following command to annotate the API service test1 : USD oc annotate apiservice test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true View the API service to ensure that the service CA bundle has been injected: USD oc get apiservice <api_service_name> -o yaml The CA bundle is displayed in the spec.caBundle field in the YAML output: apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: APIService metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: "true" ... spec: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE> ... 3.3.5. Add the service CA bundle to a custom resource definition You can annotate a CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) object with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true to have its spec.conversion.webhook.clientConfig.caBundle field populated with the service CA bundle. This allows the Kubernetes API server to validate the service CA certificate used to secure the targeted endpoint. Note The service CA bundle will only be injected into the CRD if the CRD is configured to use a webhook for conversion. It is only useful to inject the service CA bundle if a CRD's webhook is secured with a service CA certificate. Procedure Annotate the CRD with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true : USD oc annotate crd <crd_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true 1 Replace <crd_name> with the name of the CRD to annotate. For example, use the following command to annotate the CRD test1 : USD oc annotate crd test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true View the CRD to ensure that the service CA bundle has been injected: USD oc get crd <crd_name> -o yaml The CA bundle is displayed in the spec.conversion.webhook.clientConfig.caBundle field in the YAML output: apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1 kind: CustomResourceDefinition metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: "true" ... spec: conversion: strategy: Webhook webhook: clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE> ... 3.3.6. Add the service CA bundle to a mutating webhook configuration You can annotate a MutatingWebhookConfiguration object with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true to have the clientConfig.caBundle field of each webhook populated with the service CA bundle. This allows the Kubernetes API server to validate the service CA certificate used to secure the targeted endpoint. Note Do not set this annotation for admission webhook configurations that need to specify different CA bundles for different webhooks. If you do, then the service CA bundle will be injected for all webhooks. Procedure Annotate the mutating webhook configuration with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true : USD oc annotate mutatingwebhookconfigurations <mutating_webhook_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true 1 Replace <mutating_webhook_name> with the name of the mutating webhook configuration to annotate. For example, use the following command to annotate the mutating webhook configuration test1 : USD oc annotate mutatingwebhookconfigurations test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true View the mutating webhook configuration to ensure that the service CA bundle has been injected: USD oc get mutatingwebhookconfigurations <mutating_webhook_name> -o yaml The CA bundle is displayed in the clientConfig.caBundle field of all webhooks in the YAML output: apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: "true" ... webhooks: - myWebhook: - v1beta1 clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE> ... 3.3.7. Add the service CA bundle to a validating webhook configuration You can annotate a ValidatingWebhookConfiguration object with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true to have the clientConfig.caBundle field of each webhook populated with the service CA bundle. This allows the Kubernetes API server to validate the service CA certificate used to secure the targeted endpoint. Note Do not set this annotation for admission webhook configurations that need to specify different CA bundles for different webhooks. If you do, then the service CA bundle will be injected for all webhooks. Procedure Annotate the validating webhook configuration with service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true : USD oc annotate validatingwebhookconfigurations <validating_webhook_name> \ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true 1 Replace <validating_webhook_name> with the name of the validating webhook configuration to annotate. For example, use the following command to annotate the validating webhook configuration test1 : USD oc annotate validatingwebhookconfigurations test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true View the validating webhook configuration to ensure that the service CA bundle has been injected: USD oc get validatingwebhookconfigurations <validating_webhook_name> -o yaml The CA bundle is displayed in the clientConfig.caBundle field of all webhooks in the YAML output: apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: "true" ... webhooks: - myWebhook: - v1beta1 clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE> ... 3.3.8. Manually rotate the generated service certificate You can rotate the service certificate by deleting the associated secret. Deleting the secret results in a new one being automatically created, resulting in a new certificate. Prerequisites A secret containing the certificate and key pair must have been generated for the service. Procedure Examine the service to determine the secret containing the certificate. This is found in the serving-cert-secret-name annotation, as seen below. USD oc describe service <service_name> Example output ... service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name: <secret> ... Delete the generated secret for the service. This process will automatically recreate the secret. USD oc delete secret <secret> 1 1 Replace <secret> with the name of the secret from the step. Confirm that the certificate has been recreated by obtaining the new secret and examining the AGE . USD oc get secret <service_name> Example output NAME TYPE DATA AGE <service.name> kubernetes.io/tls 2 1s 3.3.9. Manually rotate the service CA certificate The service CA is valid for 26 months and is automatically refreshed when there is less than 13 months validity left. If necessary, you can manually refresh the service CA by using the following procedure. Warning A manually-rotated service CA does not maintain trust with the service CA. You might experience a temporary service disruption until the pods in the cluster are restarted, which ensures that pods are using service serving certificates issued by the new service CA. Prerequisites You must be logged in as a cluster admin. Procedure View the expiration date of the current service CA certificate by using the following command. USD oc get secrets/signing-key -n openshift-service-ca \ -o template='{{index .data "tls.crt"}}' \ \| base64 --decode \ \| openssl x509 -noout -enddate Manually rotate the service CA. This process generates a new service CA which will be used to sign the new service certificates. USD oc delete secret/signing-key -n openshift-service-ca To apply the new certificates to all services, restart all the pods in your cluster. This command ensures that all services use the updated certificates. USD for I in USD(oc get ns -o jsonpath='{range .items[]} {.metadata.name}{"\n"} {end}'); \ do oc delete pods --all -n USDI; \ sleep 1; \ done Warning This command will cause a service interruption, as it goes through and deletes every running pod in every namespace. These pods will automatically restart after they are deleted. 3.4. Updating the CA bundle Important Updating the certificate authority (CA) will cause the nodes of your cluster to reboot. 3.4.1. Understanding the CA Bundle certificate Proxy certificates allow users to specify one or more custom certificate authority (CA) used by platform components when making egress connections. The trustedCA field of the Proxy object is a reference to a config map that contains a user-provided trusted certificate authority (CA) bundle. This bundle is merged with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle and injected into the trust store of platform components that make egress HTTPS calls. For example, image-registry-operator calls an external image registry to download images. If trustedCA is not specified, only the RHCOS trust bundle is used for proxied HTTPS connections. Provide custom CA certificates to the RHCOS trust bundle if you want to use your own certificate infrastructure. The trustedCA field should only be consumed by a proxy validator. The validator is responsible for reading the certificate bundle from required key ca-bundle.crt and copying it to a config map named trusted-ca-bundle in the openshift-config-managed namespace. The namespace for the config map referenced by trustedCA is openshift-config : apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: user-ca-bundle namespace: openshift-config data: ca-bundle.crt: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- Custom CA certificate bundle. -----END CERTIFICATE----- 3.4.2. Replacing the CA Bundle certificate Procedure Create a config map that includes the root CA certificate used to sign the wildcard certificate: USD oc create configmap custom-ca \ --from-file=ca-bundle.crt=</path/to/example-ca.crt> \ 1 -n openshift-config 1 </path/to/example-ca.crt> is the path to the CA certificate bundle on your local file system. Update the cluster-wide proxy configuration with the newly created config map: USD oc patch proxy/cluster \ --type=merge \ --patch='{"spec":{"trustedCA":{"name":"custom-ca"}}}' Additional resources Replacing the default ingress certificate Enabling the cluster-wide proxy Proxy certificate customization	[ "oc create configmap custom-ca --from-file=ca-bundle.crt=</path/to/example-ca.crt> \\ 1 -n openshift-config", "oc patch proxy/cluster --type=merge --patch='{\"spec\":{\"trustedCA\":{\"name\":\"custom-ca\"}}}'", "oc create secret tls <secret> \\ 1 --cert=</path/to/cert.crt> \\ 2 --key=</path/to/cert.key> \\ 3 -n openshift-ingress", "oc patch ingresscontroller.operator default --type=merge -p '{\"spec\":{\"defaultCertificate\": {\"name\": \"<secret>\"}}}' \\ 1 -n openshift-ingress-operator", "oc login -u kubeadmin -p <password> https://FQDN:6443", "oc config view --flatten > kubeconfig-newapi", "oc create secret tls <secret> \\ 1 --cert=</path/to/cert.crt> \\ 2 --key=</path/to/cert.key> \\ 3 -n openshift-config", "oc patch apiserver cluster --type=merge -p '{\"spec\":{\"servingCerts\": {\"namedCertificates\": [{\"names\": [\"<FQDN>\"], 1 \"servingCertificate\": {\"name\": \"<secret>\"}}]}}}' 2", "oc get apiserver cluster -o yaml", "spec: servingCerts: namedCertificates: - names: - <FQDN> servingCertificate: name: <secret>", "oc get clusteroperators kube-apiserver", "NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE kube-apiserver 4.13.0 True False False 145m", "for I in USD(oc get ns -o jsonpath='{range .items[]} {.metadata.name}{\"\\n\"} {end}'); do oc delete pods --all -n USDI; sleep 1; done", "oc annotate service <service_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=<secret_name> 2", "oc annotate service test1 service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=test1", "oc describe service <service_name>", "Annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name: <service_name> service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-signed-by: openshift-service-serving-signer@1556850837", "oc annotate configmap <config_map_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc annotate configmap test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc get configmap <config_map_name> -o yaml", "apiVersion: v1 data: service-ca.crt: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", "oc annotate apiservice <api_service_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc annotate apiservice test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc get apiservice <api_service_name> -o yaml", "apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: APIService metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: \"true\" spec: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE>", "oc annotate crd <crd_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc annotate crd test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc get crd <crd_name> -o yaml", "apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1 kind: CustomResourceDefinition metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: \"true\" spec: conversion: strategy: Webhook webhook: clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE>", "oc annotate mutatingwebhookconfigurations <mutating_webhook_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc annotate mutatingwebhookconfigurations test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc get mutatingwebhookconfigurations <mutating_webhook_name> -o yaml", "apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: \"true\" webhooks: - myWebhook: - v1beta1 clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE>", "oc annotate validatingwebhookconfigurations <validating_webhook_name> \\ 1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc annotate validatingwebhookconfigurations test1 service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle=true", "oc get validatingwebhookconfigurations <validating_webhook_name> -o yaml", "apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: annotations: service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: \"true\" webhooks: - myWebhook: - v1beta1 clientConfig: caBundle: <CA_BUNDLE>", "oc describe service <service_name>", "service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name: <secret>", "oc delete secret <secret> 1", "oc get secret <service_name>", "NAME TYPE DATA AGE <service.name> kubernetes.io/tls 2 1s", "oc get secrets/signing-key -n openshift-service-ca -o template='{{index .data \"tls.crt\"}}' \| base64 --decode \| openssl x509 -noout -enddate", "oc delete secret/signing-key -n openshift-service-ca", "for I in USD(oc get ns -o jsonpath='{range .items[]} {.metadata.name}{\"\\n\"} {end}'); do oc delete pods --all -n USDI; sleep 1; done", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: user-ca-bundle namespace: openshift-config data: ca-bundle.crt: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- Custom CA certificate bundle. -----END CERTIFICATE-----", "oc create configmap custom-ca --from-file=ca-bundle.crt=</path/to/example-ca.crt> \\ 1 -n openshift-config", "oc patch proxy/cluster --type=merge --patch='{\"spec\":{\"trustedCA\":{\"name\":\"custom-ca\"}}}'" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.13/html/security_and_compliance/configuring-certificates
8.4. Understanding the Network Teaming Daemon and the "Runners"	8.4. Understanding the Network Teaming Daemon and the "Runners" The Team daemon, teamd , uses libteam to control one instance of the team driver. This instance of the team driver adds instances of a hardware device driver to form a " team " of network links. The team driver presents a network interface, team0 for example, to the other parts of the kernel. The interfaces created by instances of the team driver are given names such as team0 , team1 , and so forth in the documentation. This is for ease of understanding and other names can be used. The logic common to all methods of teaming is implemented by teamd ; those functions that are unique to the different load sharing and backup methods, such as round-robin, are implemented by separate units of code referred to as " runners " . Because words such as " module " and " mode " already have specific meanings in relation to the kernel, the word " runner " was chosen to refer to these units of code. The user specifies the runner in the JSON format configuration file and the code is then compiled into an instance of teamd when the instance is created. A runner is not a plug-in because the code for a runner is compiled into an instance of teamd as it is being created. Code could be created as a plug-in for teamd should the need arise. The following runners are available at time of writing. broadcast (data is transmitted over all ports) round-robin (data is transmitted over all ports in turn) active-backup (one port or link is used while others are kept as a backup) loadbalance (with active Tx load balancing and BPF-based Tx port selectors) lacp (implements the 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol) In addition, the following link-watchers are available: ethtool (Libteam lib uses ethtool to watch for link state changes). This is the default if no other link-watcher is specified in the configuration file. arp_ping (The arp_ping utility is used to monitor the presence of a far-end hardware address using ARP packets.) nsna_ping (Neighbor Advertisements and Neighbor Solicitation from the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery protocol are used to monitor the presence of a neighbor's interface) There are no restrictions in the code to prevent a particular link-watcher from being used with a particular runner, however when using the lacp runner, ethtool is the only recommended link-watcher.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/networking_guide/sec-Understanding_the_Network_Teaming_Daemon_and_the_Runners
Chapter 1. Managing Bricks	Chapter 1. Managing Bricks 1.1. Creating a brick using the Administration Portal This process creates a new thinly provisioned logical volume on a specified storage device, for use as a brick in a Gluster volume. Log in to the Administration Portal. Click Compute Hosts and select the host for the brick. Click Storage Devices . If no storage devices are visible, try synchronizing the volume: Section 2.9, "Synchronizing volume state using the Administration Portal" . Select a storage device and click Create Brick . The Create Brick window appears. Specify the Brick Name . Specify the Mount Point for the brick. (Optional) To create a RAID array, specify the following: No. of physical disks in the RAID array RAID Type (Optional) To assign a logical volume cache for this brick, specify a Device under Cache Device . This is recommended when your main storage device is not a solid state disk. Click OK . 1.2. Resetting a brick using the Administration Portal Resetting a brick lets you reconfigure a brick as though you are adding it to the cluster for the first time, using the same UUID, hostname, and path. See the Red Hat Gluster Storage Administration Guide for more information. Log in to the Administration Portal. Click Storage Volumes . Click the name of the volume that runs on the brick you want to reset. Click Bricks . Click Reset Brick . The Reset Brick window opens. Click OK to confirm the operation. 1.3. Replacing a brick using the Administration Portal Log in to the Administration Portal. Click Storage Volumes . Click the name of the volume that runs on the brick you want to reset. Click Bricks . Click Replace Brick . The Replace Brick window opens. Select the Host of the replacement brick. Select the Brick Directory of the replacement brick. Click OK . 1.4. Deleting a brick using the Administration Portal Log in to the Administration Portal. Click Storage Volumes . Select the volume you want to delete. Click Stop and confirm that the volume should be stopped. Click Bricks . Select the brick to remove. Click Remove and confirm that the brick should be removed.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_hyperconverged_infrastructure_for_virtualization/1.8/html/managing_red_hat_gluster_storage_using_rhv_administration_portal/rhv-gluster-brick-mgmt
Providing feedback on Red Hat build of OpenJDK documentation	Providing feedback on Red Hat build of OpenJDK documentation To report an error or to improve our documentation, log in to your Red Hat Jira account and submit an issue. If you do not have a Red Hat Jira account, then you will be prompted to create an account. Procedure Click the following link to create a ticket . Enter a brief description of the issue in the Summary . Provide a detailed description of the issue or enhancement in the Description . Include a URL to where the issue occurs in the documentation. Clicking Submit creates and routes the issue to the appropriate documentation team.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_build_of_openjdk/11/html/release_notes_for_red_hat_build_of_openjdk_11.0.21/proc-providing-feedback-on-redhat-documentation
Chapter 3. LVM Administration Overview	Chapter 3. LVM Administration Overview This chapter provides an overview of the administrative procedures you use to configure LVM logical volumes. This chapter is intended to provide a general understanding of the steps involved. For specific step-by-step examples of common LVM configuration procedures, see Chapter 5, LVM Configuration Examples . For descriptions of the CLI commands you can use to perform LVM administration, see Chapter 4, LVM Administration with CLI Commands . 3.1. Logical Volume Creation Overview The following is a summary of the steps to perform to create an LVM logical volume. Initialize the partitions you will use for the LVM volume as physical volumes (this labels them). Create a volume group. Create a logical volume. After creating the logical volume you can create and mount the file system. The examples in this document use GFS2 file systems. Create a GFS2 file system on the logical volume with the mkfs.gfs2 command. Create a new mount point with the mkdir command. In a clustered system, create the mount point on all nodes in the cluster. Mount the file system. You may want to add a line to the fstab file for each node in the system. Note Although a GFS2 file system can be implemented in a standalone system or as part of a cluster configuration, for the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 release Red Hat does not support the use of GFS2 as a single-node file system. Red Hat will continue to support single-node GFS2 file systems for mounting snapshots of cluster file systems (for example, for backup purposes). Creating the LVM volume is machine independent, since the storage area for LVM setup information is on the physical volumes and not the machine where the volume was created. Servers that use the storage have local copies, but can recreate that from what is on the physical volumes. You can attach physical volumes to a different server if the LVM versions are compatible.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/logical_volume_manager_administration/lvm_administration
function::user_string_n_quoted	function::user_string_n_quoted Name function::user_string_n_quoted - Retrieves and quotes string from user space. Synopsis Arguments addr The user space address to retrieve the string from. n The maximum length of the string (if not null terminated). General Syntax user_string_n_quoted:string(addr:long, n:long) Description Returns up to n characters of a C string from the given user space memory address where any ASCII characters that are not printable are replaced by the corresponding escape sequence in the returned string. Reports " NULL " for address zero. Returns " <unknown> " on the rare cases when userspace data is not accessible at the given address.	[ "function user_string_n_quoted:string(addr:long,n:long)" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/systemtap_tapset_reference/api-user-string-n-quoted
Chapter 1. Overview of machine management	Chapter 1. Overview of machine management You can use machine management to flexibly work with underlying infrastructure like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), OpenStack, Red Hat Virtualization (RHV), and vSphere to manage the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You can control the cluster and perform auto-scaling, such as scaling up and down the cluster based on specific workload policies. The OpenShift Container Platform cluster can horizontally scale up and down when the load increases or decreases. It is important to have a cluster that adapts to changing workloads. Machine management is implemented as a Custom Resource Definition (CRD). A CRD object defines a new unique object Kind in the cluster and enables the Kubernetes API server to handle the object's entire lifecycle. The Machine API Operator provisions the following resources: MachineSet Machine Cluster Autoscaler Machine Autoscaler Machine Health Checks 1.1. Machine API overview The Machine API is a combination of primary resources that are based on the upstream Cluster API project and custom OpenShift Container Platform resources. For OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 clusters, the Machine API performs all node host provisioning management actions after the cluster installation finishes. Because of this system, OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 offers an elastic, dynamic provisioning method on top of public or private cloud infrastructure. The two primary resources are: Machines A fundamental unit that describes the host for a node. A machine has a providerSpec specification, which describes the types of compute nodes that are offered for different cloud platforms. For example, a machine type for a worker node on Amazon Web Services (AWS) might define a specific machine type and required metadata. Machine sets MachineSet resources are groups of machines. Machine sets are to machines as replica sets are to pods. If you need more machines or must scale them down, you change the replicas field on the machine set to meet your compute need. Warning Control plane machines cannot be managed by machine sets. The following custom resources add more capabilities to your cluster: Machine autoscaler The MachineAutoscaler resource automatically scales compute machines in a cloud. You can set the minimum and maximum scaling boundaries for nodes in a specified compute machine set, and the machine autoscaler maintains that range of nodes. The MachineAutoscaler object takes effect after a ClusterAutoscaler object exists. Both ClusterAutoscaler and MachineAutoscaler resources are made available by the ClusterAutoscalerOperator object. Cluster autoscaler This resource is based on the upstream cluster autoscaler project. In the OpenShift Container Platform implementation, it is integrated with the Machine API by extending the machine set API. You can set cluster-wide scaling limits for resources such as cores, nodes, memory, GPU, and so on. You can set the priority so that the cluster prioritizes pods so that new nodes are not brought online for less important pods. You can also set the scaling policy so that you can scale up nodes but not scale them down. Machine health check The MachineHealthCheck resource detects when a machine is unhealthy, deletes it, and, on supported platforms, makes a new machine. In OpenShift Container Platform version 3.11, you could not roll out a multi-zone architecture easily because the cluster did not manage machine provisioning. Beginning with OpenShift Container Platform version 4.1, this process is easier. Each machine set is scoped to a single zone, so the installation program sends out machine sets across availability zones on your behalf. And then because your compute is dynamic, and in the face of a zone failure, you always have a zone for when you must rebalance your machines. In global Azure regions that do not have multiple availability zones, you can use availability sets to ensure high availability. The autoscaler provides best-effort balancing over the life of a cluster. 1.2. Managing compute machines As a cluster administrator you can: Create a machine set on: AWS Azure GCP OpenStack RHV vSphere Create a machine set for a bare metal deployment: Creating a compute machine set on bare metal Manually scale a machine set by adding or removing a machine from the machine set. Modify a machine set through the MachineSet YAML configuration file. Delete a machine. Create infrastructure machine sets . Configure and deploy a machine health check to automatically fix damaged machines in a machine pool. 1.3. Applying autoscaling to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster You can automatically scale your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to ensure flexibility for changing workloads. To autoscale your cluster, you must first deploy a cluster autoscaler, and then deploy a machine autoscaler for each compute machine set. The cluster autoscaler increases and decreases the size of the cluster based on deployment needs. The machine autoscaler adjusts the number of machines in the compute machine sets that you deploy in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. 1.4. Adding compute machines on user-provisioned infrastructure User-provisioned infrastructure is an environment where you can deploy infrastructure such as compute, network, and storage resources that host the OpenShift Container Platform. You can add compute machines to a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure during or after the installation process. 1.5. Adding RHEL compute machines to your cluster As a cluster administrator, you can perform the following actions: Add Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines , also known as worker machines, to a user-provisioned infrastructure cluster or an installation-provisioned infrastructure cluster. Add more Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines to an existing cluster.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.10/html/machine_management/overview-of-machine-management
7.5. RHEA-2014:1433 - new package: google-crosextra-caladea-fonts	7.5. RHEA-2014:1433 - new package: google-crosextra-caladea-fonts A new google-crosextra-caladea-fonts package is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. The Caladea font family is metric-compatible with the Cambria font. Caladea is a serif typeface family based on the Lato font. This enhancement update adds the google-crosextra-caladea-fonts package to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. (BZ# 1025629 ) All users who require google-crosextra-caladea-fonts are advised to install this new package.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/6.6_technical_notes/rhea-2014-1433
Chapter 17. Creating a dummy interface	Chapter 17. Creating a dummy interface As a Red Hat Enterprise Linux user, you can create and use dummy network interfaces for debugging and testing purposes. A dummy interface provides a device to route packets without actually transmitting them. It enables you to create additional loopback-like devices managed by NetworkManager and makes an inactive SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) address look like a real address for local programs. 17.1. Creating a dummy interface with both an IPv4 and IPv6 address by using nmcli You can create a dummy interface with various settings, such as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. After creating the interface, NetworkManager automatically assigns it to the default public firewalld zone. Procedure Create a dummy interface named dummy0 with static IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: Note To configure a dummy interface without IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, set both the ipv4.method and ipv6.method parameters to disabled . Otherwise, IP auto-configuration fails, and NetworkManager deactivates the connection and removes the device. Verification List the connection profiles: Additional resources nm-settings(5) man page on your system	[ "nmcli connection add type dummy ifname dummy0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24 ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:2::1/64", "nmcli connection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE dummy-dummy0 aaf6eb56-73e5-4746-9037-eed42caa8a65 dummy dummy0" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/configuring_and_managing_networking/creating-a-dummy-interface_configuring-and-managing-networking
Chapter 4. Using quotas and limit ranges	Chapter 4. Using quotas and limit ranges A resource quota, defined by a ResourceQuota object, provides constraints that limit aggregate resource consumption per project. It can limit the quantity of objects that can be created in a project by type, as well as the total amount of compute resources and storage that may be consumed by resources in that project. Using quotas and limit ranges, cluster administrators can set constraints to limit the number of objects or amount of compute resources that are used in your project. This helps cluster administrators better manage and allocate resources across all projects, and ensure that no projects are using more than is appropriate for the cluster size. Important Quotas are set by cluster administrators and are scoped to a given project. OpenShift Container Platform project owners can change quotas for their project, but not limit ranges. OpenShift Container Platform users cannot modify quotas or limit ranges. The following sections help you understand how to check on your quota and limit range settings, what sorts of things they can constrain, and how you can request or limit compute resources in your own pods and containers. 4.1. Resources managed by quota A resource quota, defined by a ResourceQuota object, provides constraints that limit aggregate resource consumption per project. It can limit the quantity of objects that can be created in a project by type, as well as the total amount of compute resources and storage that may be consumed by resources in that project. The following describes the set of compute resources and object types that may be managed by a quota. Note A pod is in a terminal state if status.phase is Failed or Succeeded . Table 4.1. Compute resources managed by quota Resource Name Description cpu The sum of CPU requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. cpu and requests.cpu are the same value and can be used interchangeably. memory The sum of memory requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. memory and requests.memory are the same value and can be used interchangeably. ephemeral-storage The sum of local ephemeral storage requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. ephemeral-storage and requests.ephemeral-storage are the same value and can be used interchangeably. This resource is available only if you enabled the ephemeral storage technology preview. This feature is disabled by default. requests.cpu The sum of CPU requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. cpu and requests.cpu are the same value and can be used interchangeably. requests.memory The sum of memory requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. memory and requests.memory are the same value and can be used interchangeably. requests.ephemeral-storage The sum of ephemeral storage requests across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. ephemeral-storage and requests.ephemeral-storage are the same value and can be used interchangeably. This resource is available only if you enabled the ephemeral storage technology preview. This feature is disabled by default. limits.cpu The sum of CPU limits across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. limits.memory The sum of memory limits across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. limits.ephemeral-storage The sum of ephemeral storage limits across all pods in a non-terminal state cannot exceed this value. This resource is available only if you enabled the ephemeral storage technology preview. This feature is disabled by default. Table 4.2. Storage resources managed by quota Resource Name Description requests.storage The sum of storage requests across all persistent volume claims in any state cannot exceed this value. persistentvolumeclaims The total number of persistent volume claims that can exist in the project. <storage-class-name>.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage The sum of storage requests across all persistent volume claims in any state that have a matching storage class, cannot exceed this value. <storage-class-name>.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims The total number of persistent volume claims with a matching storage class that can exist in the project. Table 4.3. Object counts managed by quota Resource Name Description pods The total number of pods in a non-terminal state that can exist in the project. replicationcontrollers The total number of replication controllers that can exist in the project. resourcequotas The total number of resource quotas that can exist in the project. services The total number of services that can exist in the project. secrets The total number of secrets that can exist in the project. configmaps The total number of ConfigMap objects that can exist in the project. persistentvolumeclaims The total number of persistent volume claims that can exist in the project. openshift.io/imagestreams The total number of image streams that can exist in the project. You can configure an object count quota for these standard namespaced resource types using the count/<resource>.<group> syntax. USD oc create quota <name> --hard=count/<resource>.<group>=<quota> 1 1 1 <resource> is the name of the resource, and <group> is the API group, if applicable. Use the kubectl api-resources command for a list of resources and their associated API groups. 4.1.1. Setting resource quota for extended resources Overcommitment of resources is not allowed for extended resources, so you must specify requests and limits for the same extended resource in a quota. Currently, only quota items with the prefix requests. are allowed for extended resources. The following is an example scenario of how to set resource quota for the GPU resource nvidia.com/gpu . Procedure To determine how many GPUs are available on a node in your cluster, use the following command: USD oc describe node ip-172-31-27-209.us-west-2.compute.internal \| egrep 'Capacity\|Allocatable\|gpu' Example output openshift.com/gpu-accelerator=true Capacity: nvidia.com/gpu: 2 Allocatable: nvidia.com/gpu: 2 nvidia.com/gpu: 0 0 In this example, 2 GPUs are available. Use this command to set a quota in the namespace nvidia . In this example, the quota is 1 : USD cat gpu-quota.yaml Example output apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: gpu-quota namespace: nvidia spec: hard: requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 1 Create the quota with the following command: USD oc create -f gpu-quota.yaml Example output resourcequota/gpu-quota created Verify that the namespace has the correct quota set using the following command: USD oc describe quota gpu-quota -n nvidia Example output Name: gpu-quota Namespace: nvidia Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- requests.nvidia.com/gpu 0 1 Run a pod that asks for a single GPU with the following command: USD oc create pod gpu-pod.yaml Example output apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: generateName: gpu-pod-s46h7 namespace: nvidia spec: restartPolicy: OnFailure containers: - name: rhel7-gpu-pod image: rhel7 env: - name: NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES value: all - name: NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES value: "compute,utility" - name: NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA value: "cuda>=5.0" command: ["sleep"] args: ["infinity"] resources: limits: nvidia.com/gpu: 1 Verify that the pod is running bwith the following command: USD oc get pods Example output NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE gpu-pod-s46h7 1/1 Running 0 1m Verify that the quota Used counter is correct by running the following command: USD oc describe quota gpu-quota -n nvidia Example output Name: gpu-quota Namespace: nvidia Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- requests.nvidia.com/gpu 1 1 Using the following command, attempt to create a second GPU pod in the nvidia namespace. This is technically available on the node because it has 2 GPUs: USD oc create -f gpu-pod.yaml Example output Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating "gpu-pod.yaml": pods "gpu-pod-f7z2w" is forbidden: exceeded quota: gpu-quota, requested: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1, used: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1, limited: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1 This Forbidden error message occurs because you have a quota of 1 GPU and this pod tried to allocate a second GPU, which exceeds its quota. 4.1.2. Quota scopes Each quota can have an associated set of scopes . A quota only measures usage for a resource if it matches the intersection of enumerated scopes. Adding a scope to a quota restricts the set of resources to which that quota can apply. Specifying a resource outside of the allowed set results in a validation error. Scope Description Terminating Match pods where spec.activeDeadlineSeconds >= 0 . NotTerminating Match pods where spec.activeDeadlineSeconds is nil . BestEffort Match pods that have best effort quality of service for either cpu or memory . otBestEffort Match pods that do not have best effort quality of service for cpu and memory . A BestEffort scope restricts a quota to limiting the following resources: pods A Terminating , NotTerminating , and NotBestEffort scope restricts a quota to tracking the following resources: pods memory requests.memory limits.memory cpu requests.cpu limits.cpu ephemeral-storage requests.ephemeral-storage limits.ephemeral-storage Note Ephemeral storage requests and limits apply only if you enabled the ephemeral storage technology preview. This feature is disabled by default. Additional resources See Resources managed by quotas for more on compute resources. See Quality of Service Classes for more on committing compute resources. 4.2. Admin quota usage 4.2.1. Quota enforcement After a resource quota for a project is first created, the project restricts the ability to create any new resources that can violate a quota constraint until it has calculated updated usage statistics. After a quota is created and usage statistics are updated, the project accepts the creation of new content. When you create or modify resources, your quota usage is incremented immediately upon the request to create or modify the resource. When you delete a resource, your quota use is decremented during the full recalculation of quota statistics for the project. A configurable amount of time determines how long it takes to reduce quota usage statistics to their current observed system value. If project modifications exceed a quota usage limit, the server denies the action, and an appropriate error message is returned to the user explaining the quota constraint violated, and what their currently observed usage stats are in the system. 4.2.2. Requests compared to limits When allocating compute resources by quota, each container can specify a request and a limit value each for CPU, memory, and ephemeral storage. Quotas can restrict any of these values. If the quota has a value specified for requests.cpu or requests.memory , then it requires that every incoming container make an explicit request for those resources. If the quota has a value specified for limits.cpu or limits.memory , then it requires that every incoming container specify an explicit limit for those resources. 4.2.3. Sample resource quota definitions Example core-object-counts.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: core-object-counts spec: hard: configmaps: "10" 1 persistentvolumeclaims: "4" 2 replicationcontrollers: "20" 3 secrets: "10" 4 services: "10" 5 1 The total number of ConfigMap objects that can exist in the project. 2 The total number of persistent volume claims (PVCs) that can exist in the project. 3 The total number of replication controllers that can exist in the project. 4 The total number of secrets that can exist in the project. 5 The total number of services that can exist in the project. Example openshift-object-counts.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: openshift-object-counts spec: hard: openshift.io/imagestreams: "10" 1 1 The total number of image streams that can exist in the project. Example compute-resources.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources spec: hard: pods: "4" 1 requests.cpu: "1" 2 requests.memory: 1Gi 3 requests.ephemeral-storage: 2Gi 4 limits.cpu: "2" 5 limits.memory: 2Gi 6 limits.ephemeral-storage: 4Gi 7 1 The total number of pods in a non-terminal state that can exist in the project. 2 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of CPU requests cannot exceed 1 core. 3 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of memory requests cannot exceed 1Gi. 4 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of ephemeral storage requests cannot exceed 2Gi. 5 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of CPU limits cannot exceed 2 cores. 6 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of memory limits cannot exceed 2Gi. 7 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of ephemeral storage limits cannot exceed 4Gi. Example besteffort.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: besteffort spec: hard: pods: "1" 1 scopes: - BestEffort 2 1 The total number of pods in a non-terminal state with BestEffort quality of service that can exist in the project. 2 Restricts the quota to only matching pods that have BestEffort quality of service for either memory or CPU. Example compute-resources-long-running.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources-long-running spec: hard: pods: "4" 1 limits.cpu: "4" 2 limits.memory: "2Gi" 3 limits.ephemeral-storage: "4Gi" 4 scopes: - NotTerminating 5 1 The total number of pods in a non-terminal state. 2 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of CPU limits cannot exceed this value. 3 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of memory limits cannot exceed this value. 4 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of ephemeral storage limits cannot exceed this value. 5 Restricts the quota to only matching pods where spec.activeDeadlineSeconds is set to nil . Build pods will fall under NotTerminating unless the RestartNever policy is applied. Example compute-resources-time-bound.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources-time-bound spec: hard: pods: "2" 1 limits.cpu: "1" 2 limits.memory: "1Gi" 3 limits.ephemeral-storage: "1Gi" 4 scopes: - Terminating 5 1 The total number of pods in a non-terminal state. 2 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of CPU limits cannot exceed this value. 3 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of memory limits cannot exceed this value. 4 Across all pods in a non-terminal state, the sum of ephemeral storage limits cannot exceed this value. 5 Restricts the quota to only matching pods where spec.activeDeadlineSeconds >=0 . For example, this quota would charge for build pods, but not long running pods such as a web server or database. Example storage-consumption.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: storage-consumption spec: hard: persistentvolumeclaims: "10" 1 requests.storage: "50Gi" 2 gold.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: "10Gi" 3 silver.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: "20Gi" 4 silver.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims: "5" 5 bronze.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: "0" 6 bronze.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims: "0" 7 1 The total number of persistent volume claims in a project 2 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the sum of storage requested cannot exceed this value. 3 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the sum of storage requested in the gold storage class cannot exceed this value. 4 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the sum of storage requested in the silver storage class cannot exceed this value. 5 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the total number of claims in the silver storage class cannot exceed this value. 6 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the sum of storage requested in the bronze storage class cannot exceed this value. When this is set to 0 , it means bronze storage class cannot request storage. 7 Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the sum of storage requested in the bronze storage class cannot exceed this value. When this is set to 0 , it means bronze storage class cannot create claims. 4.2.4. Creating a quota To create a quota, first define the quota in a file. Then use that file to apply it to a project. See the Additional resources section for a link describing this. USD oc create -f <resource_quota_definition> [-n <project_name>] Here is an example using the core-object-counts.yaml resource quota definition and the demoproject project name: USD oc create -f core-object-counts.yaml -n demoproject 4.2.5. Creating object count quotas You can create an object count quota for all OpenShift Container Platform standard namespaced resource types, such as BuildConfig , and DeploymentConfig . An object quota count places a defined quota on all standard namespaced resource types. When using a resource quota, an object is charged against the quota if it exists in server storage. These types of quotas are useful to protect against exhaustion of storage resources. To configure an object count quota for a resource, run the following command: USD oc create quota <name> --hard=count/<resource>.<group>=<quota>,count/<resource>.<group>=<quota> Example showing object count quota: USD oc create quota test --hard=count/deployments.extensions=2,count/replicasets.extensions=4,count/pods=3,count/secrets=4 resourcequota "test" created USD oc describe quota test Name: test Namespace: quota Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- count/deployments.extensions 0 2 count/pods 0 3 count/replicasets.extensions 0 4 count/secrets 0 4 This example limits the listed resources to the hard limit in each project in the cluster. 4.2.6. Viewing a quota You can view usage statistics related to any hard limits defined in a project's quota by navigating in the web console to the project's Quota page. You can also use the CLI to view quota details: First, get the list of quotas defined in the project. For example, for a project called demoproject : USD oc get quota -n demoproject NAME AGE besteffort 11m compute-resources 2m core-object-counts 29m Describe the quota you are interested in, for example the core-object-counts quota: USD oc describe quota core-object-counts -n demoproject Name: core-object-counts Namespace: demoproject Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- configmaps 3 10 persistentvolumeclaims 0 4 replicationcontrollers 3 20 secrets 9 10 services 2 10 4.2.7. Configuring quota synchronization period When a set of resources are deleted, the synchronization time frame of resources is determined by the resource-quota-sync-period setting in the /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml file. Before quota usage is restored, a user can encounter problems when attempting to reuse the resources. You can change the resource-quota-sync-period setting to have the set of resources regenerate in the needed amount of time (in seconds) for the resources to be once again available: Example resource-quota-sync-period setting kubernetesMasterConfig: apiLevels: - v1beta3 - v1 apiServerArguments: null controllerArguments: resource-quota-sync-period: - "10s" After making any changes, restart the controller services to apply them. USD master-restart api USD master-restart controllers Adjusting the regeneration time can be helpful for creating resources and determining resource usage when automation is used. Note The resource-quota-sync-period setting balances system performance. Reducing the sync period can result in a heavy load on the controller. 4.2.8. Explicit quota to consume a resource If a resource is not managed by quota, a user has no restriction on the amount of resource that can be consumed. For example, if there is no quota on storage related to the gold storage class, the amount of gold storage a project can create is unbounded. For high-cost compute or storage resources, administrators can require an explicit quota be granted to consume a resource. For example, if a project was not explicitly given quota for storage related to the gold storage class, users of that project would not be able to create any storage of that type. In order to require explicit quota to consume a particular resource, the following stanza should be added to the master-config.yaml. admissionConfig: pluginConfig: ResourceQuota: configuration: apiVersion: resourcequota.admission.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: Configuration limitedResources: - resource: persistentvolumeclaims 1 matchContains: - gold.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage 2 1 The group or resource to whose consumption is limited by default. 2 The name of the resource tracked by quota associated with the group/resource to limit by default. In the above example, the quota system intercepts every operation that creates or updates a PersistentVolumeClaim . It checks what resources controlled by quota would be consumed. If there is no covering quota for those resources in the project, the request is denied. In this example, if a user creates a PersistentVolumeClaim that uses storage associated with the gold storage class and there is no matching quota in the project, the request is denied. Additional resources For examples of how to create the file needed to set quotas, see Resources managed by quotas . A description of how to allocate compute resources managed by quota . For information on managing limits and quota on project resources, see Working with projects . If a quota has been defined for your project, see Understanding deployments for considerations in cluster configurations. 4.3. Setting limit ranges A limit range, defined by a LimitRange object, defines compute resource constraints at the pod, container, image, image stream, and persistent volume claim level. The limit range specifies the amount of resources that a pod, container, image, image stream, or persistent volume claim can consume. All requests to create and modify resources are evaluated against each LimitRange object in the project. If the resource violates any of the enumerated constraints, the resource is rejected. If the resource does not set an explicit value, and if the constraint supports a default value, the default value is applied to the resource. For CPU and memory limits, if you specify a maximum value but do not specify a minimum limit, the resource can consume more CPU and memory resources than the maximum value. Core limit range object definition apiVersion: "v1" kind: "LimitRange" metadata: name: "core-resource-limits" 1 spec: limits: - type: "Pod" max: cpu: "2" 2 memory: "1Gi" 3 min: cpu: "200m" 4 memory: "6Mi" 5 - type: "Container" max: cpu: "2" 6 memory: "1Gi" 7 min: cpu: "100m" 8 memory: "4Mi" 9 default: cpu: "300m" 10 memory: "200Mi" 11 defaultRequest: cpu: "200m" 12 memory: "100Mi" 13 maxLimitRequestRatio: cpu: "10" 14 1 The name of the limit range object. 2 The maximum amount of CPU that a pod can request on a node across all containers. 3 The maximum amount of memory that a pod can request on a node across all containers. 4 The minimum amount of CPU that a pod can request on a node across all containers. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more than the max CPU value. 5 The minimum amount of memory that a pod can request on a node across all containers. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more than the max memory value. 6 The maximum amount of CPU that a single container in a pod can request. 7 The maximum amount of memory that a single container in a pod can request. 8 The minimum amount of CPU that a single container in a pod can request. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more than the max CPU value. 9 The minimum amount of memory that a single container in a pod can request. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more than the max memory value. 10 The default CPU limit for a container if you do not specify a limit in the pod specification. 11 The default memory limit for a container if you do not specify a limit in the pod specification. 12 The default CPU request for a container if you do not specify a request in the pod specification. 13 The default memory request for a container if you do not specify a request in the pod specification. 14 The maximum limit-to-request ratio for a container. OpenShift Container Platform Limit range object definition apiVersion: "v1" kind: "LimitRange" metadata: name: "openshift-resource-limits" spec: limits: - type: openshift.io/Image max: storage: 1Gi 1 - type: openshift.io/ImageStream max: openshift.io/image-tags: 20 2 openshift.io/images: 30 3 - type: "Pod" max: cpu: "2" 4 memory: "1Gi" 5 ephemeral-storage: "1Gi" 6 min: cpu: "1" 7 memory: "1Gi" 8 1 The maximum size of an image that can be pushed to an internal registry. 2 The maximum number of unique image tags as defined in the specification for the image stream. 3 The maximum number of unique image references as defined in the specification for the image stream status. 4 The maximum amount of CPU that a pod can request on a node across all containers. 5 The maximum amount of memory that a pod can request on a node across all containers. 6 The maximum amount of ephemeral storage that a pod can request on a node across all containers. 7 The minimum amount of CPU that a pod can request on a node across all containers. See the Supported Constraints table for important information. 8 The minimum amount of memory that a pod can request on a node across all containers. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result` is no limit and the pod can consume more than the max memory value. You can specify both core and OpenShift Container Platform resources in one limit range object. 4.3.1. Container limits Supported Resources: CPU Memory Supported Constraints Per container, the following must hold true if specified: Container Constraint Behavior Min Min[<resource>] less than or equal to container.resources.requests[<resource>] (required) less than or equal to container/resources.limits[<resource>] (optional) If the configuration defines a min CPU, the request value must be greater than the CPU value. If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more of the resource than the max value. Max container.resources.limits[<resource>] (required) less than or equal to Max[<resource>] If the configuration defines a max CPU, you do not need to define a CPU request value. However, you must set a limit that satisfies the maximum CPU constraint that is specified in the limit range. MaxLimitRequestRatio MaxLimitRequestRatio[<resource>] less than or equal to ( container.resources.limits[<resource>] / container.resources.requests[<resource>] ) If the limit range defines a maxLimitRequestRatio constraint, any new containers must have both a request and a limit value. Additionally, OpenShift Container Platform calculates a limit-to-request ratio by dividing the limit by the request . The result should be an integer greater than 1. For example, if a container has cpu: 500 in the limit value, and cpu: 100 in the request value, the limit-to-request ratio for cpu is 5 . This ratio must be less than or equal to the maxLimitRequestRatio . Supported Defaults: Default[<resource>] Defaults container.resources.limit[<resource>] to specified value if none. Default Requests[<resource>] Defaults container.resources.requests[<resource>] to specified value if none. 4.3.2. Pod limits Supported Resources: CPU Memory Supported Constraints: Across all containers in a pod, the following must hold true: Table 4.4. Pod Constraint Enforced Behavior Min Min[<resource>] less than or equal to container.resources.requests[<resource>] (required) less than or equal to container.resources.limits[<resource>] . If you do not set a min value or you set min to 0 , the result is no limit and the pod can consume more of the resource than the max value. Max container.resources.limits[<resource>] (required) less than or equal to Max[<resource>] . MaxLimitRequestRatio MaxLimitRequestRatio[<resource>] less than or equal to ( container.resources.limits[<resource>] / container.resources.requests[<resource>] ). 4.3.3. Image limits Supported Resources: Storage Resource type name: openshift.io/Image Per image, the following must hold true if specified: Table 4.5. Image Constraint Behavior Max image.dockerimagemetadata.size less than or equal to Max[<resource>] Note To prevent blobs that exceed the limit from being uploaded to the registry, the registry must be configured to enforce quota. The REGISTRY_MIDDLEWARE_REPOSITORY_OPENSHIFT_ENFORCEQUOTA environment variable must be set to true . By default, the environment variable is set to true for new deployments. 4.3.4. Image stream limits Supported Resources: openshift.io/image-tags openshift.io/images Resource type name: openshift.io/ImageStream Per image stream, the following must hold true if specified: Table 4.6. ImageStream Constraint Behavior Max[openshift.io/image-tags] length( uniqueimagetags( imagestream.spec.tags ) ) less than or equal to Max[openshift.io/image-tags] uniqueimagetags returns unique references to images of given spec tags. Max[openshift.io/images] length( uniqueimages( imagestream.status.tags ) ) less than or equal to Max[openshift.io/images] uniqueimages returns unique image names found in status tags. The name is equal to the digest for the image. 4.3.5. Counting of image references The openshift.io/image-tags resource represents unique stream limits. Possible references are an ImageStreamTag , an ImageStreamImage , or a DockerImage . Tags can be created by using the oc tag and oc import-image commands or by using image streams. No distinction is made between internal and external references. However, each unique reference that is tagged in an image stream specification is counted just once. It does not restrict pushes to an internal container image registry in any way, but is useful for tag restriction. The openshift.io/images resource represents unique image names that are recorded in image stream status. It helps to restrict several images that can be pushed to the internal registry. Internal and external references are not distinguished. 4.3.6. PersistentVolumeClaim limits Supported Resources: Storage Supported Constraints: Across all persistent volume claims in a project, the following must hold true: Table 4.7. Pod Constraint Enforced Behavior Min Min[<resource>] <= claim.spec.resources.requests[<resource>] (required) Max claim.spec.resources.requests[<resource>] (required) <= Max[<resource>] Limit Range Object Definition { "apiVersion": "v1", "kind": "LimitRange", "metadata": { "name": "pvcs" 1 }, "spec": { "limits": [{ "type": "PersistentVolumeClaim", "min": { "storage": "2Gi" 2 }, "max": { "storage": "50Gi" 3 } } ] } } 1 The name of the limit range object. 2 The minimum amount of storage that can be requested in a persistent volume claim. 3 The maximum amount of storage that can be requested in a persistent volume claim. Additional resources For information on stream limits, see managing images streams . For information on stream limits . For more information on compute resource constraints . For more information on how CPU and memory are measured, see Recommended control plane practices . You can specify limits and requests for ephemeral storage. For more information on this feature, see Understanding ephemeral storage . 4.4. Limit range operations 4.4.1. Creating a limit range Shown here is an example procedure to follow for creating a limit range. Procedure Create the object: USD oc create -f <limit_range_file> -n <project> 4.4.2. View the limit You can view any limit ranges that are defined in a project by navigating in the web console to the Quota page for the project. You can also use the CLI to view limit range details by performing the following steps: Procedure Get the list of limit range objects that are defined in the project. For example, a project called demoproject : USD oc get limits -n demoproject Example Output NAME AGE resource-limits 6d Describe the limit range. For example, for a limit range called resource-limits : USD oc describe limits resource-limits -n demoproject Example Output Name: resource-limits Namespace: demoproject Type Resource Min Max Default Request Default Limit Max Limit/Request Ratio ---- -------- --- --- --------------- ------------- ----------------------- Pod cpu 200m 2 - - - Pod memory 6Mi 1Gi - - - Container cpu 100m 2 200m 300m 10 Container memory 4Mi 1Gi 100Mi 200Mi - openshift.io/Image storage - 1Gi - - - openshift.io/ImageStream openshift.io/image - 12 - - - openshift.io/ImageStream openshift.io/image-tags - 10 - - - 4.4.3. Deleting a limit range To remove a limit range, run the following command: + USD oc delete limits <limit_name> S Additional resources For information about enforcing different limits on the number of projects that your users can create, managing limits, and quota on project resources, see Resource quotas per projects .	[ "oc create quota <name> --hard=count/<resource>.<group>=<quota> 1", "oc describe node ip-172-31-27-209.us-west-2.compute.internal \| egrep 'Capacity\|Allocatable\|gpu'", "openshift.com/gpu-accelerator=true Capacity: nvidia.com/gpu: 2 Allocatable: nvidia.com/gpu: 2 nvidia.com/gpu: 0 0", "cat gpu-quota.yaml", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: gpu-quota namespace: nvidia spec: hard: requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 1", "oc create -f gpu-quota.yaml", "resourcequota/gpu-quota created", "oc describe quota gpu-quota -n nvidia", "Name: gpu-quota Namespace: nvidia Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- requests.nvidia.com/gpu 0 1", "oc create pod gpu-pod.yaml", "apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: generateName: gpu-pod-s46h7 namespace: nvidia spec: restartPolicy: OnFailure containers: - name: rhel7-gpu-pod image: rhel7 env: - name: NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES value: all - name: NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES value: \"compute,utility\" - name: NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA value: \"cuda>=5.0\" command: [\"sleep\"] args: [\"infinity\"] resources: limits: nvidia.com/gpu: 1", "oc get pods", "NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE gpu-pod-s46h7 1/1 Running 0 1m", "oc describe quota gpu-quota -n nvidia", "Name: gpu-quota Namespace: nvidia Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- requests.nvidia.com/gpu 1 1", "oc create -f gpu-pod.yaml", "Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating \"gpu-pod.yaml\": pods \"gpu-pod-f7z2w\" is forbidden: exceeded quota: gpu-quota, requested: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1, used: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1, limited: requests.nvidia.com/gpu=1", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: core-object-counts spec: hard: configmaps: \"10\" 1 persistentvolumeclaims: \"4\" 2 replicationcontrollers: \"20\" 3 secrets: \"10\" 4 services: \"10\" 5", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: openshift-object-counts spec: hard: openshift.io/imagestreams: \"10\" 1", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources spec: hard: pods: \"4\" 1 requests.cpu: \"1\" 2 requests.memory: 1Gi 3 requests.ephemeral-storage: 2Gi 4 limits.cpu: \"2\" 5 limits.memory: 2Gi 6 limits.ephemeral-storage: 4Gi 7", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: besteffort spec: hard: pods: \"1\" 1 scopes: - BestEffort 2", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources-long-running spec: hard: pods: \"4\" 1 limits.cpu: \"4\" 2 limits.memory: \"2Gi\" 3 limits.ephemeral-storage: \"4Gi\" 4 scopes: - NotTerminating 5", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: compute-resources-time-bound spec: hard: pods: \"2\" 1 limits.cpu: \"1\" 2 limits.memory: \"1Gi\" 3 limits.ephemeral-storage: \"1Gi\" 4 scopes: - Terminating 5", "apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: storage-consumption spec: hard: persistentvolumeclaims: \"10\" 1 requests.storage: \"50Gi\" 2 gold.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: \"10Gi\" 3 silver.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: \"20Gi\" 4 silver.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims: \"5\" 5 bronze.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: \"0\" 6 bronze.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims: \"0\" 7", "oc create -f <resource_quota_definition> [-n <project_name>]", "oc create -f core-object-counts.yaml -n demoproject", "oc create quota <name> --hard=count/<resource>.<group>=<quota>,count/<resource>.<group>=<quota>", "oc create quota test --hard=count/deployments.extensions=2,count/replicasets.extensions=4,count/pods=3,count/secrets=4 resourcequota \"test\" created oc describe quota test Name: test Namespace: quota Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- count/deployments.extensions 0 2 count/pods 0 3 count/replicasets.extensions 0 4 count/secrets 0 4", "oc get quota -n demoproject NAME AGE besteffort 11m compute-resources 2m core-object-counts 29m", "oc describe quota core-object-counts -n demoproject Name: core-object-counts Namespace: demoproject Resource Used Hard -------- ---- ---- configmaps 3 10 persistentvolumeclaims 0 4 replicationcontrollers 3 20 secrets 9 10 services 2 10", "kubernetesMasterConfig: apiLevels: - v1beta3 - v1 apiServerArguments: null controllerArguments: resource-quota-sync-period: - \"10s\"", "master-restart api master-restart controllers", "admissionConfig: pluginConfig: ResourceQuota: configuration: apiVersion: resourcequota.admission.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: Configuration limitedResources: - resource: persistentvolumeclaims 1 matchContains: - gold.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage 2", "apiVersion: \"v1\" kind: \"LimitRange\" metadata: name: \"core-resource-limits\" 1 spec: limits: - type: \"Pod\" max: cpu: \"2\" 2 memory: \"1Gi\" 3 min: cpu: \"200m\" 4 memory: \"6Mi\" 5 - type: \"Container\" max: cpu: \"2\" 6 memory: \"1Gi\" 7 min: cpu: \"100m\" 8 memory: \"4Mi\" 9 default: cpu: \"300m\" 10 memory: \"200Mi\" 11 defaultRequest: cpu: \"200m\" 12 memory: \"100Mi\" 13 maxLimitRequestRatio: cpu: \"10\" 14", "apiVersion: \"v1\" kind: \"LimitRange\" metadata: name: \"openshift-resource-limits\" spec: limits: - type: openshift.io/Image max: storage: 1Gi 1 - type: openshift.io/ImageStream max: openshift.io/image-tags: 20 2 openshift.io/images: 30 3 - type: \"Pod\" max: cpu: \"2\" 4 memory: \"1Gi\" 5 ephemeral-storage: \"1Gi\" 6 min: cpu: \"1\" 7 memory: \"1Gi\" 8", "{ \"apiVersion\": \"v1\", \"kind\": \"LimitRange\", \"metadata\": { \"name\": \"pvcs\" 1 }, \"spec\": { \"limits\": [{ \"type\": \"PersistentVolumeClaim\", \"min\": { \"storage\": \"2Gi\" 2 }, \"max\": { \"storage\": \"50Gi\" 3 } } ] } }", "oc create -f <limit_range_file> -n <project>", "oc get limits -n demoproject", "NAME AGE resource-limits 6d", "oc describe limits resource-limits -n demoproject", "Name: resource-limits Namespace: demoproject Type Resource Min Max Default Request Default Limit Max Limit/Request Ratio ---- -------- --- --- --------------- ------------- ----------------------- Pod cpu 200m 2 - - - Pod memory 6Mi 1Gi - - - Container cpu 100m 2 200m 300m 10 Container memory 4Mi 1Gi 100Mi 200Mi - openshift.io/Image storage - 1Gi - - - openshift.io/ImageStream openshift.io/image - 12 - - - openshift.io/ImageStream openshift.io/image-tags - 10 - - -", "oc delete limits <limit_name>" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.13/html/scalability_and_performance/compute-resource-quotas
Preface	Preface Open Java Development Kit (OpenJDK) is a free and open source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). The Red Hat build of Red Hat build of OpenJDK is available in two versions, Red Hat build of OpenJDK 8u and Red Hat build of OpenJDK 11u. Packages for the Red Hat build of Red Hat build of OpenJDK are made available on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Microsoft Windows and shipped as a JDK and JRE in the Red Hat Container Catalog.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_build_of_openjdk/11/html/release_notes_for_red_hat_build_of_openjdk_11.0.10/pr01
Deploying OpenShift Data Foundation in external mode	Deploying OpenShift Data Foundation in external mode Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation 4.17 Instructions for deploying OpenShift Data Foundation to use an external Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and IBM FlashSystem. Red Hat Storage Documentation Team Abstract Read this document for instructions on installing Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation to use an external Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster or IBM FlashSystem.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_openshift_data_foundation/4.17/html/deploying_openshift_data_foundation_in_external_mode/index
Chapter 47. Paho	Chapter 47. Paho Both producer and consumer are supported Paho component provides connector for the MQTT messaging protocol using the Eclipse Paho library . Paho is one of the most popular MQTT libraries, so if you would like to integrate it with your Java project - Camel Paho connector is a way to go. Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml for this component: <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId> <artifactId>camel-paho</artifactId> <version>{CamelSBVersion}</version> <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version --> </dependency> 47.1. URI format paho:topic[?options] Where topic is the name of the topic. 47.2. Configuring Options Camel components are configured on two separate levels: component level endpoint level 47.2.1. Configuring Component Options The component level is the highest level which holds general and common configurations that are inherited by the endpoints. For example a component may have security settings, credentials for authentication, urls for network connection and so forth. Some components only have a few options, and others may have many. Because components typically have pre configured defaults that are commonly used, then you may often only need to configure a few options on a component; or none at all. Configuring components can be done with the Component DSL , in a configuration file (application.properties\|yaml), or directly with Java code. 47.2.2. Configuring Endpoint Options Where you find yourself configuring the most is on endpoints, as endpoints often have many options, which allows you to configure what you need the endpoint to do. The options are also categorized into whether the endpoint is used as consumer (from) or as a producer (to), or used for both. Configuring endpoints is most often done directly in the endpoint URI as path and query parameters. You can also use the Endpoint DSL as a type safe way of configuring endpoints. A good practice when configuring options is to use Property Placeholders , which allows to not hardcode urls, port numbers, sensitive information, and other settings. In other words placeholders allows to externalize the configuration from your code, and gives more flexibility and reuse. The following two sections lists all the options, firstly for the component followed by the endpoint. 47.3. Component Options The Paho component supports 31 options, which are listed below. Name Description Default Type automaticReconnect (common) Sets whether the client will automatically attempt to reconnect to the server if the connection is lost. If set to false, the client will not attempt to automatically reconnect to the server in the event that the connection is lost. If set to true, in the event that the connection is lost, the client will attempt to reconnect to the server. It will initially wait 1 second before it attempts to reconnect, for every failed reconnect attempt, the delay will double until it is at 2 minutes at which point the delay will stay at 2 minutes. true boolean brokerUrl (common) The URL of the MQTT broker. tcp://localhost:1883 String cleanSession (common) Sets whether the client and server should remember state across restarts and reconnects. If set to false both the client and server will maintain state across restarts of the client, the server and the connection. As state is maintained: Message delivery will be reliable meeting the specified QOS even if the client, server or connection are restarted. The server will treat a subscription as durable. If set to true the client and server will not maintain state across restarts of the client, the server or the connection. This means Message delivery to the specified QOS cannot be maintained if the client, server or connection are restarted The server will treat a subscription as non-durable. true boolean clientId (common) MQTT client identifier. The identifier must be unique. String configuration (common) To use the shared Paho configuration. PahoConfiguration connectionTimeout (common) Sets the connection timeout value. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval the client will wait for the network connection to the MQTT server to be established. The default timeout is 30 seconds. A value of 0 disables timeout processing meaning the client will wait until the network connection is made successfully or fails. 30 int filePersistenceDirectory (common) Base directory used by file persistence. Will by default use user directory. String keepAliveInterval (common) Sets the keep alive interval. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval between messages sent or received. It enables the client to detect if the server is no longer available, without having to wait for the TCP/IP timeout. The client will ensure that at least one message travels across the network within each keep alive period. In the absence of a data-related message during the time period, the client sends a very small ping message, which the server will acknowledge. A value of 0 disables keepalive processing in the client. The default value is 60 seconds. 60 int maxInflight (common) Sets the max inflight. please increase this value in a high traffic environment. The default value is 10. 10 int maxReconnectDelay (common) Get the maximum time (in millis) to wait between reconnects. 128000 int mqttVersion (common) Sets the MQTT version. The default action is to connect with version 3.1.1, and to fall back to 3.1 if that fails. Version 3.1.1 or 3.1 can be selected specifically, with no fall back, by using the MQTT_VERSION_3_1_1 or MQTT_VERSION_3_1 options respectively. int persistence (common) Client persistence to be used - memory or file. Enum values: FILE MEMORY MEMORY PahoPersistence qos (common) Client quality of service level (0-2). 2 int retained (common) Retain option. false boolean serverURIs (common) Set a list of one or more serverURIs the client may connect to. Multiple servers can be separated by comma. Each serverURI specifies the address of a server that the client may connect to. Two types of connection are supported tcp:// for a TCP connection and ssl:// for a TCP connection secured by SSL/TLS. For example: tcp://localhost:1883 ssl://localhost:8883 If the port is not specified, it will default to 1883 for tcp:// URIs, and 8883 for ssl:// URIs. If serverURIs is set then it overrides the serverURI parameter passed in on the constructor of the MQTT client. When an attempt to connect is initiated the client will start with the first serverURI in the list and work through the list until a connection is established with a server. If a connection cannot be made to any of the servers then the connect attempt fails. Specifying a list of servers that a client may connect to has several uses: High Availability and reliable message delivery Some MQTT servers support a high availability feature where two or more equal MQTT servers share state. An MQTT client can connect to any of the equal servers and be assured that messages are reliably delivered and durable subscriptions are maintained no matter which server the client connects to. The cleansession flag must be set to false if durable subscriptions and/or reliable message delivery is required. Hunt List A set of servers may be specified that are not equal (as in the high availability option). As no state is shared across the servers reliable message delivery and durable subscriptions are not valid. The cleansession flag must be set to true if the hunt list mode is used. String willPayload (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String willQos (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. int willRetained (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. false boolean willTopic (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String bridgeErrorHandler (consumer) Allows for bridging the consumer to the Camel routing Error Handler, which mean any exceptions occurred while the consumer is trying to pickup incoming messages, or the likes, will now be processed as a message and handled by the routing Error Handler. By default the consumer will use the org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler to deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. false boolean lazyStartProducer (producer) Whether the producer should be started lazy (on the first message). By starting lazy you can use this to allow CamelContext and routes to startup in situations where a producer may otherwise fail during starting and cause the route to fail being started. By deferring this startup to be lazy then the startup failure can be handled during routing messages via Camel's routing error handlers. Beware that when the first message is processed then creating and starting the producer may take a little time and prolong the total processing time of the processing. false boolean autowiredEnabled (advanced) Whether autowiring is enabled. This is used for automatic autowiring options (the option must be marked as autowired) by looking up in the registry to find if there is a single instance of matching type, which then gets configured on the component. This can be used for automatic configuring JDBC data sources, JMS connection factories, AWS Clients, etc. true boolean client (advanced) To use a shared Paho client. MqttClient customWebSocketHeaders (advanced) Sets the Custom WebSocket Headers for the WebSocket Connection. Properties executorServiceTimeout (advanced) Set the time in seconds that the executor service should wait when terminating before forcefully terminating. It is not recommended to change this value unless you are absolutely sure that you need to. 1 int httpsHostnameVerificationEnabled (security) Whether SSL HostnameVerifier is enabled or not. The default value is true. true boolean password (security) Password to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String socketFactory (security) Sets the SocketFactory to use. This allows an application to apply its own policies around the creation of network sockets. If using an SSL connection, an SSLSocketFactory can be used to supply application-specific security settings. SocketFactory sslClientProps (security) Sets the SSL properties for the connection. Note that these properties are only valid if an implementation of the Java Secure Socket Extensions (JSSE) is available. These properties are not used if a custom SocketFactory has been set. The following properties can be used: com.ibm.ssl.protocol One of: SSL, SSLv3, TLS, TLSv1, SSL_TLS. com.ibm.ssl.contextProvider Underlying JSSE provider. For example IBMJSSE2 or SunJSSE com.ibm.ssl.keyStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. For example /mydir/etc/key.p12 com.ibm.ssl.keyStorePassword The password for the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType Type of key store, for example PKCS12, JKS, or JCEKS. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreProvider Key store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.trustStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. com.ibm.ssl.trustStorePassword The password for the TrustStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreType The type of KeyStore object that you want the default TrustManager to use. Same possible values as keyStoreType. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreProvider Trust store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.enabledCipherSuites A list of which ciphers are enabled. Values are dependent on the provider, for example: SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA;SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA. com.ibm.ssl.keyManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a KeyManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: IbmX509 or IBMJ9X509. com.ibm.ssl.trustManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a TrustManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: PKIX or IBMJ9X509. Properties sslHostnameVerifier (security) Sets the HostnameVerifier for the SSL connection. Note that it will be used after handshake on a connection and you should do actions by yourself when hostname is verified error. There is no default HostnameVerifier. HostnameVerifier userName (security) Username to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String 47.4. Endpoint Options The Paho endpoint is configured using URI syntax: with the following path and query parameters: 47.4.1. Path Parameters (1 parameters) Name Description Default Type topic (common) Required Name of the topic. String 47.4.2. Query Parameters (31 parameters) Name Description Default Type automaticReconnect (common) Sets whether the client will automatically attempt to reconnect to the server if the connection is lost. If set to false, the client will not attempt to automatically reconnect to the server in the event that the connection is lost. If set to true, in the event that the connection is lost, the client will attempt to reconnect to the server. It will initially wait 1 second before it attempts to reconnect, for every failed reconnect attempt, the delay will double until it is at 2 minutes at which point the delay will stay at 2 minutes. true boolean brokerUrl (common) The URL of the MQTT broker. tcp://localhost:1883 String cleanSession (common) Sets whether the client and server should remember state across restarts and reconnects. If set to false both the client and server will maintain state across restarts of the client, the server and the connection. As state is maintained: Message delivery will be reliable meeting the specified QOS even if the client, server or connection are restarted. The server will treat a subscription as durable. If set to true the client and server will not maintain state across restarts of the client, the server or the connection. This means Message delivery to the specified QOS cannot be maintained if the client, server or connection are restarted The server will treat a subscription as non-durable. true boolean clientId (common) MQTT client identifier. The identifier must be unique. String connectionTimeout (common) Sets the connection timeout value. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval the client will wait for the network connection to the MQTT server to be established. The default timeout is 30 seconds. A value of 0 disables timeout processing meaning the client will wait until the network connection is made successfully or fails. 30 int filePersistenceDirectory (common) Base directory used by file persistence. Will by default use user directory. String keepAliveInterval (common) Sets the keep alive interval. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval between messages sent or received. It enables the client to detect if the server is no longer available, without having to wait for the TCP/IP timeout. The client will ensure that at least one message travels across the network within each keep alive period. In the absence of a data-related message during the time period, the client sends a very small ping message, which the server will acknowledge. A value of 0 disables keepalive processing in the client. The default value is 60 seconds. 60 int maxInflight (common) Sets the max inflight. please increase this value in a high traffic environment. The default value is 10. 10 int maxReconnectDelay (common) Get the maximum time (in millis) to wait between reconnects. 128000 int mqttVersion (common) Sets the MQTT version. The default action is to connect with version 3.1.1, and to fall back to 3.1 if that fails. Version 3.1.1 or 3.1 can be selected specifically, with no fall back, by using the MQTT_VERSION_3_1_1 or MQTT_VERSION_3_1 options respectively. int persistence (common) Client persistence to be used - memory or file. Enum values: FILE MEMORY MEMORY PahoPersistence qos (common) Client quality of service level (0-2). 2 int retained (common) Retain option. false boolean serverURIs (common) Set a list of one or more serverURIs the client may connect to. Multiple servers can be separated by comma. Each serverURI specifies the address of a server that the client may connect to. Two types of connection are supported tcp:// for a TCP connection and ssl:// for a TCP connection secured by SSL/TLS. For example: tcp://localhost:1883 ssl://localhost:8883 If the port is not specified, it will default to 1883 for tcp:// URIs, and 8883 for ssl:// URIs. If serverURIs is set then it overrides the serverURI parameter passed in on the constructor of the MQTT client. When an attempt to connect is initiated the client will start with the first serverURI in the list and work through the list until a connection is established with a server. If a connection cannot be made to any of the servers then the connect attempt fails. Specifying a list of servers that a client may connect to has several uses: High Availability and reliable message delivery Some MQTT servers support a high availability feature where two or more equal MQTT servers share state. An MQTT client can connect to any of the equal servers and be assured that messages are reliably delivered and durable subscriptions are maintained no matter which server the client connects to. The cleansession flag must be set to false if durable subscriptions and/or reliable message delivery is required. Hunt List A set of servers may be specified that are not equal (as in the high availability option). As no state is shared across the servers reliable message delivery and durable subscriptions are not valid. The cleansession flag must be set to true if the hunt list mode is used. String willPayload (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String willQos (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. int willRetained (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. false boolean willTopic (common) Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String bridgeErrorHandler (consumer) Allows for bridging the consumer to the Camel routing Error Handler, which mean any exceptions occurred while the consumer is trying to pickup incoming messages, or the likes, will now be processed as a message and handled by the routing Error Handler. By default the consumer will use the org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler to deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. false boolean exceptionHandler (consumer (advanced)) To let the consumer use a custom ExceptionHandler. Notice if the option bridgeErrorHandler is enabled then this option is not in use. By default the consumer will deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. ExceptionHandler exchangePattern (consumer (advanced)) Sets the exchange pattern when the consumer creates an exchange. Enum values: InOnly InOut InOptionalOut ExchangePattern lazyStartProducer (producer) Whether the producer should be started lazy (on the first message). By starting lazy you can use this to allow CamelContext and routes to startup in situations where a producer may otherwise fail during starting and cause the route to fail being started. By deferring this startup to be lazy then the startup failure can be handled during routing messages via Camel's routing error handlers. Beware that when the first message is processed then creating and starting the producer may take a little time and prolong the total processing time of the processing. false boolean client (advanced) To use an existing mqtt client. MqttClient customWebSocketHeaders (advanced) Sets the Custom WebSocket Headers for the WebSocket Connection. Properties executorServiceTimeout (advanced) Set the time in seconds that the executor service should wait when terminating before forcefully terminating. It is not recommended to change this value unless you are absolutely sure that you need to. 1 int httpsHostnameVerificationEnabled (security) Whether SSL HostnameVerifier is enabled or not. The default value is true. true boolean password (security) Password to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String socketFactory (security) Sets the SocketFactory to use. This allows an application to apply its own policies around the creation of network sockets. If using an SSL connection, an SSLSocketFactory can be used to supply application-specific security settings. SocketFactory sslClientProps (security) Sets the SSL properties for the connection. Note that these properties are only valid if an implementation of the Java Secure Socket Extensions (JSSE) is available. These properties are not used if a custom SocketFactory has been set. The following properties can be used: com.ibm.ssl.protocol One of: SSL, SSLv3, TLS, TLSv1, SSL_TLS. com.ibm.ssl.contextProvider Underlying JSSE provider. For example IBMJSSE2 or SunJSSE com.ibm.ssl.keyStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. For example /mydir/etc/key.p12 com.ibm.ssl.keyStorePassword The password for the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType Type of key store, for example PKCS12, JKS, or JCEKS. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreProvider Key store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.trustStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. com.ibm.ssl.trustStorePassword The password for the TrustStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreType The type of KeyStore object that you want the default TrustManager to use. Same possible values as keyStoreType. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreProvider Trust store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.enabledCipherSuites A list of which ciphers are enabled. Values are dependent on the provider, for example: SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA;SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA. com.ibm.ssl.keyManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a KeyManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: IbmX509 or IBMJ9X509. com.ibm.ssl.trustManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a TrustManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: PKIX or IBMJ9X509. Properties sslHostnameVerifier (security) Sets the HostnameVerifier for the SSL connection. Note that it will be used after handshake on a connection and you should do actions by yourself when hostname is verified error. There is no default HostnameVerifier. HostnameVerifier userName (security) Username to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String 47.5. Headers The following headers are recognized by the Paho component: Header Java constant Endpoint type Value type Description CamelMqttTopic PahoConstants.MQTT_TOPIC Consumer String The name of the topic CamelMqttQoS PahoConstants.MQTT_QOS Consumer Integer QualityOfService of the incoming message CamelPahoOverrideTopic PahoConstants.CAMEL_PAHO_OVERRIDE_TOPIC Producer String Name of topic to override and send to instead of topic specified on endpoint 47.6. Default payload type By default Camel Paho component operates on the binary payloads extracted out of (or put into) the MQTT message: // Receive payload byte[] payload = (byte[]) consumerTemplate.receiveBody("paho:topic"); // Send payload byte[] payload = "message".getBytes(); producerTemplate.sendBody("paho:topic", payload); But of course Camel build-in type conversion API can perform the automatic data type transformations for you. In the example below Camel automatically converts binary payload into String (and conversely): // Receive payload String payload = consumerTemplate.receiveBody("paho:topic", String.class); // Send payload String payload = "message"; producerTemplate.sendBody("paho:topic", payload); 47.7. Samples For example the following snippet reads messages from the MQTT broker installed on the same host as the Camel router: from("paho:some/queue") .to("mock:test"); While the snippet below sends message to the MQTT broker: from("direct:test") .to("paho:some/target/queue"); For example this is how to read messages from the remote MQTT broker: from("paho:some/queue?brokerUrl=tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883") .to("mock:test"); And here we override the default topic and set to a dynamic topic from("direct:test") .setHeader(PahoConstants.CAMEL_PAHO_OVERRIDE_TOPIC, simple("USD{header.customerId}")) .to("paho:some/target/queue"); 47.8. Spring Boot Auto-Configuration When using paho with Spring Boot make sure to use the following Maven dependency to have support for auto configuration: <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.camel.springboot</groupId> <artifactId>camel-paho-starter</artifactId> </dependency> The component supports 32 options, which are listed below. Name Description Default Type camel.component.paho.automatic-reconnect Sets whether the client will automatically attempt to reconnect to the server if the connection is lost. If set to false, the client will not attempt to automatically reconnect to the server in the event that the connection is lost. If set to true, in the event that the connection is lost, the client will attempt to reconnect to the server. It will initially wait 1 second before it attempts to reconnect, for every failed reconnect attempt, the delay will double until it is at 2 minutes at which point the delay will stay at 2 minutes. true Boolean camel.component.paho.autowired-enabled Whether autowiring is enabled. This is used for automatic autowiring options (the option must be marked as autowired) by looking up in the registry to find if there is a single instance of matching type, which then gets configured on the component. This can be used for automatic configuring JDBC data sources, JMS connection factories, AWS Clients, etc. true Boolean camel.component.paho.bridge-error-handler Allows for bridging the consumer to the Camel routing Error Handler, which mean any exceptions occurred while the consumer is trying to pickup incoming messages, or the likes, will now be processed as a message and handled by the routing Error Handler. By default the consumer will use the org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler to deal with exceptions, that will be logged at WARN or ERROR level and ignored. false Boolean camel.component.paho.broker-url The URL of the MQTT broker. tcp://localhost:1883 String camel.component.paho.clean-session Sets whether the client and server should remember state across restarts and reconnects. If set to false both the client and server will maintain state across restarts of the client, the server and the connection. As state is maintained: Message delivery will be reliable meeting the specified QOS even if the client, server or connection are restarted. The server will treat a subscription as durable. If set to true the client and server will not maintain state across restarts of the client, the server or the connection. This means Message delivery to the specified QOS cannot be maintained if the client, server or connection are restarted The server will treat a subscription as non-durable. true Boolean camel.component.paho.client To use a shared Paho client. The option is a org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient type. MqttClient camel.component.paho.client-id MQTT client identifier. The identifier must be unique. String camel.component.paho.configuration To use the shared Paho configuration. The option is a org.apache.camel.component.paho.PahoConfiguration type. PahoConfiguration camel.component.paho.connection-timeout Sets the connection timeout value. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval the client will wait for the network connection to the MQTT server to be established. The default timeout is 30 seconds. A value of 0 disables timeout processing meaning the client will wait until the network connection is made successfully or fails. 30 Integer camel.component.paho.custom-web-socket-headers Sets the Custom WebSocket Headers for the WebSocket Connection. The option is a java.util.Properties type. Properties camel.component.paho.enabled Whether to enable auto configuration of the paho component. This is enabled by default. Boolean camel.component.paho.executor-service-timeout Set the time in seconds that the executor service should wait when terminating before forcefully terminating. It is not recommended to change this value unless you are absolutely sure that you need to. 1 Integer camel.component.paho.file-persistence-directory Base directory used by file persistence. Will by default use user directory. String camel.component.paho.https-hostname-verification-enabled Whether SSL HostnameVerifier is enabled or not. The default value is true. true Boolean camel.component.paho.keep-alive-interval Sets the keep alive interval. This value, measured in seconds, defines the maximum time interval between messages sent or received. It enables the client to detect if the server is no longer available, without having to wait for the TCP/IP timeout. The client will ensure that at least one message travels across the network within each keep alive period. In the absence of a data-related message during the time period, the client sends a very small ping message, which the server will acknowledge. A value of 0 disables keepalive processing in the client. The default value is 60 seconds. 60 Integer camel.component.paho.lazy-start-producer Whether the producer should be started lazy (on the first message). By starting lazy you can use this to allow CamelContext and routes to startup in situations where a producer may otherwise fail during starting and cause the route to fail being started. By deferring this startup to be lazy then the startup failure can be handled during routing messages via Camel's routing error handlers. Beware that when the first message is processed then creating and starting the producer may take a little time and prolong the total processing time of the processing. false Boolean camel.component.paho.max-inflight Sets the max inflight. please increase this value in a high traffic environment. The default value is 10. 10 Integer camel.component.paho.max-reconnect-delay Get the maximum time (in millis) to wait between reconnects. 128000 Integer camel.component.paho.mqtt-version Sets the MQTT version. The default action is to connect with version 3.1.1, and to fall back to 3.1 if that fails. Version 3.1.1 or 3.1 can be selected specifically, with no fall back, by using the MQTT_VERSION_3_1_1 or MQTT_VERSION_3_1 options respectively. Integer camel.component.paho.password Password to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String camel.component.paho.persistence Client persistence to be used - memory or file. PahoPersistence camel.component.paho.qos Client quality of service level (0-2). 2 Integer camel.component.paho.retained Retain option. false Boolean camel.component.paho.server-u-r-is Set a list of one or more serverURIs the client may connect to. Multiple servers can be separated by comma. Each serverURI specifies the address of a server that the client may connect to. Two types of connection are supported tcp:// for a TCP connection and ssl:// for a TCP connection secured by SSL/TLS. For example: tcp://localhost:1883 ssl://localhost:8883 If the port is not specified, it will default to 1883 for tcp:// URIs, and 8883 for ssl:// URIs. If serverURIs is set then it overrides the serverURI parameter passed in on the constructor of the MQTT client. When an attempt to connect is initiated the client will start with the first serverURI in the list and work through the list until a connection is established with a server. If a connection cannot be made to any of the servers then the connect attempt fails. Specifying a list of servers that a client may connect to has several uses: High Availability and reliable message delivery Some MQTT servers support a high availability feature where two or more equal MQTT servers share state. An MQTT client can connect to any of the equal servers and be assured that messages are reliably delivered and durable subscriptions are maintained no matter which server the client connects to. The cleansession flag must be set to false if durable subscriptions and/or reliable message delivery is required. Hunt List A set of servers may be specified that are not equal (as in the high availability option). As no state is shared across the servers reliable message delivery and durable subscriptions are not valid. The cleansession flag must be set to true if the hunt list mode is used. String camel.component.paho.socket-factory Sets the SocketFactory to use. This allows an application to apply its own policies around the creation of network sockets. If using an SSL connection, an SSLSocketFactory can be used to supply application-specific security settings. The option is a javax.net.SocketFactory type. SocketFactory camel.component.paho.ssl-client-props Sets the SSL properties for the connection. Note that these properties are only valid if an implementation of the Java Secure Socket Extensions (JSSE) is available. These properties are not used if a custom SocketFactory has been set. The following properties can be used: com.ibm.ssl.protocol One of: SSL, SSLv3, TLS, TLSv1, SSL_TLS. com.ibm.ssl.contextProvider Underlying JSSE provider. For example IBMJSSE2 or SunJSSE com.ibm.ssl.keyStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. For example /mydir/etc/key.p12 com.ibm.ssl.keyStorePassword The password for the KeyStore object that you want the KeyManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreType Type of key store, for example PKCS12, JKS, or JCEKS. com.ibm.ssl.keyStoreProvider Key store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.trustStore The name of the file that contains the KeyStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. com.ibm.ssl.trustStorePassword The password for the TrustStore object that you want the TrustManager to use. The password can either be in plain-text, or may be obfuscated using the static method: com.ibm.micro.security.Password.obfuscate(char password). This obfuscates the password using a simple and insecure XOR and Base64 encoding mechanism. Note that this is only a simple scrambler to obfuscate clear-text passwords. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreType The type of KeyStore object that you want the default TrustManager to use. Same possible values as keyStoreType. com.ibm.ssl.trustStoreProvider Trust store provider, for example IBMJCE or IBMJCEFIPS. com.ibm.ssl.enabledCipherSuites A list of which ciphers are enabled. Values are dependent on the provider, for example: SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA;SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA. com.ibm.ssl.keyManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a KeyManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: IbmX509 or IBMJ9X509. com.ibm.ssl.trustManager Sets the algorithm that will be used to instantiate a TrustManagerFactory object instead of using the default algorithm available in the platform. Example values: PKIX or IBMJ9X509. The option is a java.util.Properties type. Properties camel.component.paho.ssl-hostname-verifier Sets the HostnameVerifier for the SSL connection. Note that it will be used after handshake on a connection and you should do actions by yourself when hostname is verified error. There is no default HostnameVerifier. The option is a javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier type. HostnameVerifier camel.component.paho.user-name Username to be used for authentication against the MQTT broker. String camel.component.paho.will-payload Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String camel.component.paho.will-qos Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. Integer camel.component.paho.will-retained Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. false Boolean camel.component.paho.will-topic Sets the Last Will and Testament (LWT) for the connection. In the event that this client unexpectedly loses its connection to the server, the server will publish a message to itself using the supplied details. The topic to publish to The byte payload for the message. The quality of service to publish the message at (0, 1 or 2). Whether or not the message should be retained. String	[ "<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId> <artifactId>camel-paho</artifactId> <version>{CamelSBVersion}</version> <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version --> </dependency>", "paho:topic[?options]", "paho:topic", "// Receive payload byte[] payload = (byte[]) consumerTemplate.receiveBody(\"paho:topic\"); // Send payload byte[] payload = \"message\".getBytes(); producerTemplate.sendBody(\"paho:topic\", payload);", "// Receive payload String payload = consumerTemplate.receiveBody(\"paho:topic\", String.class); // Send payload String payload = \"message\"; producerTemplate.sendBody(\"paho:topic\", payload);", "from(\"paho:some/queue\") .to(\"mock:test\");", "from(\"direct:test\") .to(\"paho:some/target/queue\");", "from(\"paho:some/queue?brokerUrl=tcp://iot.eclipse.org:1883\") .to(\"mock:test\");", "from(\"direct:test\") .setHeader(PahoConstants.CAMEL_PAHO_OVERRIDE_TOPIC, simple(\"USD{header.customerId}\")) .to(\"paho:some/target/queue\");", "<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.camel.springboot</groupId> <artifactId>camel-paho-starter</artifactId> </dependency>" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot/3.20/html/camel_spring_boot_reference/csb-camel-paho-component-starter
Chapter 12. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure	Chapter 12. Installing a cluster on GCP in a restricted network with user-provisioned infrastructure In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.16, you can install a cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that uses infrastructure that you provide and an internal mirror of the installation release content. Important While you can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using mirrored installation release content, your cluster still requires internet access to use the GCP APIs. The steps for performing a user-provided infrastructure install are outlined here. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods. Important The steps for performing a user-provisioned infrastructure installation are provided as an example only. Installing a cluster with infrastructure you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process of OpenShift Container Platform. Several Deployment Manager templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own. You are also free to create the required resources through other methods; the templates are just an example. 12.1. Prerequisites You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes. You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users . You created a registry on your mirror host and obtained the imageContentSources data for your version of OpenShift Container Platform. Important Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps. If you use a firewall, you configured it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to. While you might need to grant access to more sites, you must grant access to .googleapis.com and accounts.google.com . If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, you can manually create and maintain long-term credentials . 12.2. About installations in restricted networks In OpenShift Container Platform 4.16, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster. If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service's Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware, Nutanix, or on VMware vSphere. To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OpenShift image registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions. Important Because of the complexity of the configuration for user-provisioned installations, consider completing a standard user-provisioned infrastructure installation before you attempt a restricted network installation using user-provisioned infrastructure. Completing this test installation might make it easier to isolate and troubleshoot any issues that might arise during your installation in a restricted network. 12.2.1. Additional limits Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions: The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error. By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags. 12.3. Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform In OpenShift Container Platform 4.16, you require access to the internet to obtain the images that are necessary to install your cluster. You must have internet access to: Access OpenShift Cluster Manager to download the installation program and perform subscription management. If the cluster has internet access and you do not disable Telemetry, that service automatically entitles your cluster. Access Quay.io to obtain the packages that are required to install your cluster. Obtain the packages that are required to perform cluster updates. 12.4. Configuring your GCP project Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project to host it. 12.4.1. Creating a GCP project To install OpenShift Container Platform, you must create a project in your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account to host the cluster. Procedure Create a project to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating and Managing Projects in the GCP documentation. Important Your GCP project must use the Premium Network Service Tier if you are using installer-provisioned infrastructure. The Standard Network Service Tier is not supported for clusters installed using the installation program. The installation program configures internal load balancing for the api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> URL; the Premium Tier is required for internal load balancing. 12.4.2. Enabling API services in GCP Your Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project requires access to several API services to complete OpenShift Container Platform installation. Prerequisites You created a project to host your cluster. Procedure Enable the following required API services in the project that hosts your cluster. You may also enable optional API services which are not required for installation. See Enabling services in the GCP documentation. Table 12.1. Required API services API service Console service name Compute Engine API compute.googleapis.com Cloud Resource Manager API cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com Google DNS API dns.googleapis.com IAM Service Account Credentials API iamcredentials.googleapis.com Identity and Access Management (IAM) API iam.googleapis.com Service Usage API serviceusage.googleapis.com Table 12.2. Optional API services API service Console service name Google Cloud APIs cloudapis.googleapis.com Service Management API servicemanagement.googleapis.com Google Cloud Storage JSON API storage-api.googleapis.com Cloud Storage storage-component.googleapis.com 12.4.3. Configuring DNS for GCP To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in the same project that you host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The DNS service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster. Procedure Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through GCP or another source. Note If you purchase a new domain, it can take time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through Google, see Google Domains . Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain in your GCP project. See Creating public zones in the GCP documentation. Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com , or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com . Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Look up your Cloud DNS name servers in the GCP documentation. You typically have four name servers. Update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to Google Domains, see the following topic in the Google Domains Help: How to switch to custom name servers . If you migrated your root domain to Google Cloud DNS, migrate your DNS records. See Migrating to Cloud DNS in the GCP documentation. If you use a subdomain, follow your company's procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain. This process might include a request to your company's IT department or the division that controls the root domain and DNS services for your company. 12.4.4. GCP account limits The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Google Cloud Platform (GCP) components, but the default Quotas do not affect your ability to install a default OpenShift Container Platform cluster. A default cluster, which contains three compute and three control plane machines, uses the following resources. Note that some resources are required only during the bootstrap process and are removed after the cluster deploys. Table 12.3. GCP resources used in a default cluster Service Component Location Total resources required Resources removed after bootstrap Service account IAM Global 6 1 Firewall rules Networking Global 11 1 Forwarding rules Compute Global 2 0 Health checks Compute Global 2 0 Images Compute Global 1 0 Networks Networking Global 1 0 Routers Networking Global 1 0 Routes Networking Global 2 0 Subnetworks Compute Global 2 0 Target pools Networking Global 2 0 Note If any of the quotas are insufficient during installation, the installation program displays an error that states both which quota was exceeded and the region. Be sure to consider your actual cluster size, planned cluster growth, and any usage from other clusters that are associated with your account. The CPU, static IP addresses, and persistent disk SSD (storage) quotas are the ones that are most likely to be insufficient. If you plan to deploy your cluster in one of the following regions, you will exceed the maximum storage quota and are likely to exceed the CPU quota limit: asia-east2 asia-northeast2 asia-south1 australia-southeast1 europe-north1 europe-west2 europe-west3 europe-west6 northamerica-northeast1 southamerica-east1 us-west2 You can increase resource quotas from the GCP console , but you might need to file a support ticket. Be sure to plan your cluster size early so that you can allow time to resolve the support ticket before you install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. 12.4.5. Creating a service account in GCP OpenShift Container Platform requires a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) service account that provides authentication and authorization to access data in the Google APIs. If you do not have an existing IAM service account that contains the required roles in your project, you must create one. Prerequisites You created a project to host your cluster. Procedure Create a service account in the project that you use to host your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating a service account in the GCP documentation. Grant the service account the appropriate permissions. You can either grant the individual permissions that follow or assign the Owner role to it. See Granting roles to a service account for specific resources . Note While making the service account an owner of the project is the easiest way to gain the required permissions, it means that service account has complete control over the project. You must determine if the risk that comes from offering that power is acceptable. You can create the service account key in JSON format, or attach the service account to a GCP virtual machine. See Creating service account keys and Creating and enabling service accounts for instances in the GCP documentation. Note If you use a virtual machine with an attached service account to create your cluster, you must set credentialsMode: Manual in the install-config.yaml file before installation. 12.4.6. Required GCP roles When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization's security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a service account with the following permissions. If you deploy your cluster into an existing virtual private cloud (VPC), the service account does not require certain networking permissions, which are noted in the following lists: Required roles for the installation program Compute Admin Role Administrator Security Admin Service Account Admin Service Account Key Admin Service Account User Storage Admin Required roles for creating network resources during installation DNS Administrator Required roles for using the Cloud Credential Operator in passthrough mode Compute Load Balancer Admin Required roles for user-provisioned GCP infrastructure Deployment Manager Editor The following roles are applied to the service accounts that the control plane and compute machines use: Table 12.4. GCP service account roles Account Roles Control Plane roles/compute.instanceAdmin roles/compute.networkAdmin roles/compute.securityAdmin roles/storage.admin roles/iam.serviceAccountUser Compute roles/compute.viewer roles/storage.admin roles/artifactregistry.reader 12.4.7. Required GCP permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure When you attach the Owner role to the service account that you create, you grant that service account all permissions, including those that are required to install OpenShift Container Platform. If your organization's security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create custom roles with the necessary permissions. The following permissions are required for the user-provisioned infrastructure for creating and deleting the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Example 12.1. Required permissions for creating network resources compute.addresses.create compute.addresses.createInternal compute.addresses.delete compute.addresses.get compute.addresses.list compute.addresses.use compute.addresses.useInternal compute.firewalls.create compute.firewalls.delete compute.firewalls.get compute.firewalls.list compute.forwardingRules.create compute.forwardingRules.get compute.forwardingRules.list compute.forwardingRules.setLabels compute.globalAddresses.create compute.globalAddresses.get compute.globalAddresses.use compute.globalForwardingRules.create compute.globalForwardingRules.get compute.networks.create compute.networks.get compute.networks.list compute.networks.updatePolicy compute.networks.use compute.routers.create compute.routers.get compute.routers.list compute.routers.update compute.routes.list compute.subnetworks.create compute.subnetworks.get compute.subnetworks.list compute.subnetworks.use compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp Example 12.2. Required permissions for creating load balancer resources compute.backendServices.create compute.backendServices.get compute.backendServices.list compute.backendServices.update compute.backendServices.use compute.regionBackendServices.create compute.regionBackendServices.get compute.regionBackendServices.list compute.regionBackendServices.update compute.regionBackendServices.use compute.targetPools.addInstance compute.targetPools.create compute.targetPools.get compute.targetPools.list compute.targetPools.removeInstance compute.targetPools.use compute.targetTcpProxies.create compute.targetTcpProxies.get compute.targetTcpProxies.use Example 12.3. Required permissions for creating DNS resources dns.changes.create dns.changes.get dns.managedZones.create dns.managedZones.get dns.managedZones.list dns.networks.bindPrivateDNSZone dns.resourceRecordSets.create dns.resourceRecordSets.list dns.resourceRecordSets.update Example 12.4. Required permissions for creating Service Account resources iam.serviceAccountKeys.create iam.serviceAccountKeys.delete iam.serviceAccountKeys.get iam.serviceAccountKeys.list iam.serviceAccounts.actAs iam.serviceAccounts.create iam.serviceAccounts.delete iam.serviceAccounts.get iam.serviceAccounts.list resourcemanager.projects.get resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy Example 12.5. Required permissions for creating compute resources compute.disks.create compute.disks.get compute.disks.list compute.instanceGroups.create compute.instanceGroups.delete compute.instanceGroups.get compute.instanceGroups.list compute.instanceGroups.update compute.instanceGroups.use compute.instances.create compute.instances.delete compute.instances.get compute.instances.list compute.instances.setLabels compute.instances.setMetadata compute.instances.setServiceAccount compute.instances.setTags compute.instances.use compute.machineTypes.get compute.machineTypes.list Example 12.6. Required for creating storage resources storage.buckets.create storage.buckets.delete storage.buckets.get storage.buckets.list storage.objects.create storage.objects.delete storage.objects.get storage.objects.list Example 12.7. Required permissions for creating health check resources compute.healthChecks.create compute.healthChecks.get compute.healthChecks.list compute.healthChecks.useReadOnly compute.httpHealthChecks.create compute.httpHealthChecks.get compute.httpHealthChecks.list compute.httpHealthChecks.useReadOnly compute.regionHealthChecks.create compute.regionHealthChecks.get compute.regionHealthChecks.useReadOnly Example 12.8. Required permissions to get GCP zone and region related information compute.globalOperations.get compute.regionOperations.get compute.regions.get compute.regions.list compute.zoneOperations.get compute.zones.get compute.zones.list Example 12.9. Required permissions for checking services and quotas monitoring.timeSeries.list serviceusage.quotas.get serviceusage.services.list Example 12.10. Required IAM permissions for installation iam.roles.get Example 12.11. Required permissions when authenticating without a service account key iam.serviceAccounts.signBlob Example 12.12. Required Images permissions for installation compute.images.create compute.images.delete compute.images.get compute.images.list Example 12.13. Optional permission for running gather bootstrap compute.instances.getSerialPortOutput Example 12.14. Required permissions for deleting network resources compute.addresses.delete compute.addresses.deleteInternal compute.addresses.list compute.addresses.setLabels compute.firewalls.delete compute.firewalls.list compute.forwardingRules.delete compute.forwardingRules.list compute.globalAddresses.delete compute.globalAddresses.list compute.globalForwardingRules.delete compute.globalForwardingRules.list compute.networks.delete compute.networks.list compute.networks.updatePolicy compute.routers.delete compute.routers.list compute.routes.list compute.subnetworks.delete compute.subnetworks.list Example 12.15. Required permissions for deleting load balancer resources compute.backendServices.delete compute.backendServices.list compute.regionBackendServices.delete compute.regionBackendServices.list compute.targetPools.delete compute.targetPools.list compute.targetTcpProxies.delete compute.targetTcpProxies.list Example 12.16. Required permissions for deleting DNS resources dns.changes.create dns.managedZones.delete dns.managedZones.get dns.managedZones.list dns.resourceRecordSets.delete dns.resourceRecordSets.list Example 12.17. Required permissions for deleting Service Account resources iam.serviceAccounts.delete iam.serviceAccounts.get iam.serviceAccounts.list resourcemanager.projects.getIamPolicy resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy Example 12.18. Required permissions for deleting compute resources compute.disks.delete compute.disks.list compute.instanceGroups.delete compute.instanceGroups.list compute.instances.delete compute.instances.list compute.instances.stop compute.machineTypes.list Example 12.19. Required for deleting storage resources storage.buckets.delete storage.buckets.getIamPolicy storage.buckets.list storage.objects.delete storage.objects.list Example 12.20. Required permissions for deleting health check resources compute.healthChecks.delete compute.healthChecks.list compute.httpHealthChecks.delete compute.httpHealthChecks.list compute.regionHealthChecks.delete compute.regionHealthChecks.list Example 12.21. Required Images permissions for deletion compute.images.delete compute.images.list Example 12.22. Required permissions to get Region related information compute.regions.get Example 12.23. Required Deployment Manager permissions deploymentmanager.deployments.create deploymentmanager.deployments.delete deploymentmanager.deployments.get deploymentmanager.deployments.list deploymentmanager.manifests.get deploymentmanager.operations.get deploymentmanager.resources.list Additional resources Optimizing storage 12.4.8. Supported GCP regions You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following Google Cloud Platform (GCP) regions: africa-south1 (Johannesburg, South Africa) asia-east1 (Changhua County, Taiwan) asia-east2 (Hong Kong) asia-northeast1 (Tokyo, Japan) asia-northeast2 (Osaka, Japan) asia-northeast3 (Seoul, South Korea) asia-south1 (Mumbai, India) asia-south2 (Delhi, India) asia-southeast1 (Jurong West, Singapore) asia-southeast2 (Jakarta, Indonesia) australia-southeast1 (Sydney, Australia) australia-southeast2 (Melbourne, Australia) europe-central2 (Warsaw, Poland) europe-north1 (Hamina, Finland) europe-southwest1 (Madrid, Spain) europe-west1 (St. Ghislain, Belgium) europe-west2 (London, England, UK) europe-west3 (Frankfurt, Germany) europe-west4 (Eemshaven, Netherlands) europe-west6 (Zurich, Switzerland) europe-west8 (Milan, Italy) europe-west9 (Paris, France) europe-west12 (Turin, Italy) me-central1 (Doha, Qatar, Middle East) me-central2 (Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Middle East) me-west1 (Tel Aviv, Israel) northamerica-northeast1 (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) northamerica-northeast2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) southamerica-east1 (Sao Paulo, Brazil) southamerica-west1 (Santiago, Chile) us-central1 (Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA) us-east1 (Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA) us-east4 (Ashburn, Northern Virginia, USA) us-east5 (Columbus, Ohio) us-south1 (Dallas, Texas) us-west1 (The Dalles, Oregon, USA) us-west2 (Los Angeles, California, USA) us-west3 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) us-west4 (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) Note To determine which machine type instances are available by region and zone, see the Google documentation . 12.4.9. Installing and configuring CLI tools for GCP To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must install and configure the CLI tools for GCP. Prerequisites You created a project to host your cluster. You created a service account and granted it the required permissions. Procedure Install the following binaries in USDPATH : gcloud gsutil See Install the latest Cloud SDK version in the GCP documentation. Authenticate using the gcloud tool with your configured service account. See Authorizing with a service account in the GCP documentation. 12.5. Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines. This section describes the requirements for deploying OpenShift Container Platform on user-provisioned infrastructure. 12.5.1. Required machines for cluster installation The smallest OpenShift Container Platform clusters require the following hosts: Table 12.5. Minimum required hosts Hosts Description One temporary bootstrap machine The cluster requires the bootstrap machine to deploy the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the three control plane machines. You can remove the bootstrap machine after you install the cluster. Three control plane machines The control plane machines run the Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform services that form the control plane. At least two compute machines, which are also known as worker machines. The workloads requested by OpenShift Container Platform users run on the compute machines. Important To maintain high availability of your cluster, use separate physical hosts for these cluster machines. The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.6 and later. Note that RHCOS is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9.2 and inherits all of its hardware certifications and requirements. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits . 12.5.2. Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements: Table 12.6. Minimum resource requirements Machine Operating System vCPU [1] Virtual RAM Storage Input/Output Per Second (IOPS) [2] Bootstrap RHCOS 4 16 GB 100 GB 300 Control plane RHCOS 4 16 GB 100 GB 300 Compute RHCOS, RHEL 8.6 and later [3] 2 8 GB 100 GB 300 One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core x cores) x sockets = vCPUs. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later. Note As of OpenShift Container Platform version 4.13, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.2, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires: x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA s390x architecture requires z14 ISA For more information, see Architectures (RHEL documentation). If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform. 12.5.3. Tested instance types for GCP The following Google Cloud Platform instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform. Example 12.24. Machine series A2 A3 C2 C2D C3 C3D E2 M1 N1 N2 N2D Tau T2D 12.5.4. Using custom machine types Using a custom machine type to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster is supported. Consider the following when using a custom machine type: Similar to predefined instance types, custom machine types must meet the minimum resource requirements for control plane and compute machines. For more information, see "Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation". The name of the custom machine type must adhere to the following syntax: custom-<number_of_cpus>-<amount_of_memory_in_mb> For example, custom-6-20480 . 12.6. Creating the installation files for GCP To install OpenShift Container Platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation. 12.6.1. Optional: Creating a separate /var partition It is recommended that disk partitioning for OpenShift Container Platform be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow. OpenShift Container Platform supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var . For example: /var/lib/containers : Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system. /var/lib/etcd : Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage. /var : Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing. Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OpenShift Container Platform at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems. Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OpenShift Container Platform installation. Important If you follow the steps to create a separate /var partition in this procedure, it is not necessary to create the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files again as described later in this section. Procedure Create a directory to hold the OpenShift Container Platform installation files: USD mkdir USDHOME/clusterconfig Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted: USD openshift-install create manifests --dir USDHOME/clusterconfig Example output ? SSH Public Key ... INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials" INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory INFO Manifests created in: USDHOME/clusterconfig/manifests and USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory: USD ls USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift/ Example output 99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml ... Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file USDHOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu , change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition: variant: openshift version: 4.16.0 metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 98-var-partition storage: disks: - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> 1 partitions: - label: var start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2 size_mib: <partition_size> 3 number: 5 filesystems: - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var path: /var format: xfs mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4 with_mount_unit: true 1 The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition. 2 When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of RHCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition. 3 The size of the data partition in mebibytes. 4 The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage. Note When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name. Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command: USD butane USDHOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories: USD openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir USDHOME/clusterconfig USD ls USDHOME/clusterconfig/ auth bootstrap.ign master.ign metadata.json worker.ign Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) systems. 12.6.2. Creating the installation configuration file You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Prerequisites You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host. You have the imageContentSources values that were generated during mirror registry creation. You have obtained the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry. Configure a GCP account. Procedure Create the install-config.yaml file. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: USD ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates. When specifying the directory: Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory. Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud: Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines. Note For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses. Select gcp as the platform to target. If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file. Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured. Select the region to deploy the cluster to. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster. Edit the install-config.yaml file to give the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network. Update the pullSecret value to contain the authentication information for your registry: pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "[email protected]"}}}' For <mirror_host_name> , specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for <credentials> , specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. Add the additionalTrustBundle parameter and value. additionalTrustBundle: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE----- The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. The certificate file can be an existing, trusted certificate authority, or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry. Define the network and subnets for the VPC to install the cluster in under the parent platform.gcp field: network: <existing_vpc> controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet> computeSubnet: <compute_subnet> For platform.gcp.network , specify the name for the existing Google VPC. For platform.gcp.controlPlaneSubnet and platform.gcp.computeSubnet , specify the existing subnets to deploy the control plane machines and compute machines, respectively. Add the image content resources, which resemble the following YAML excerpt: imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release For these values, use the imageContentSources that you recorded during mirror registry creation. Optional: Set the publishing strategy to Internal : publish: Internal By setting this option, you create an internal Ingress Controller and a private load balancer. Make any other modifications to the install-config.yaml file that you require. For more information about the parameters, see "Installation configuration parameters". Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters. Important The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now. Additional resources Installation configuration parameters for GCP 12.6.3. Enabling Shielded VMs You can use Shielded VMs when installing your cluster. Shielded VMs have extra security features including secure boot, firmware and integrity monitoring, and rootkit detection. For more information, see Google's documentation on Shielded VMs . Note Shielded VMs are currently not supported on clusters with 64-bit ARM infrastructures. Procedure Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas: To use shielded VMs for only control plane machines: controlPlane: platform: gcp: secureBoot: Enabled To use shielded VMs for only compute machines: compute: - platform: gcp: secureBoot: Enabled To use shielded VMs for all machines: platform: gcp: defaultMachinePlatform: secureBoot: Enabled 12.6.4. Enabling Confidential VMs You can use Confidential VMs when installing your cluster. Confidential VMs encrypt data while it is being processed. For more information, see Google's documentation on Confidential Computing . You can enable Confidential VMs and Shielded VMs at the same time, although they are not dependent on each other. Note Confidential VMs are currently not supported on 64-bit ARM architectures. Procedure Use a text editor to edit the install-config.yaml file prior to deploying your cluster and add one of the following stanzas: To use confidential VMs for only control plane machines: controlPlane: platform: gcp: confidentialCompute: Enabled 1 type: n2d-standard-8 2 onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3 1 Enable confidential VMs. 2 Specify a machine type that supports Confidential VMs. Confidential VMs require the N2D or C2D series of machine types. For more information on supported machine types, see Supported operating systems and machine types . 3 Specify the behavior of the VM during a host maintenance event, such as a hardware or software update. For a machine that uses Confidential VM, this value must be set to Terminate , which stops the VM. Confidential VMs do not support live VM migration. To use confidential VMs for only compute machines: compute: - platform: gcp: confidentialCompute: Enabled type: n2d-standard-8 onHostMaintenance: Terminate To use confidential VMs for all machines: platform: gcp: defaultMachinePlatform: confidentialCompute: Enabled type: n2d-standard-8 onHostMaintenance: Terminate 12.6.5. Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file. Prerequisites You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object's spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary. Note The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr , networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr , and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration. For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint ( 169.254.169.254 ). Procedure Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example: apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: \| 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5 1 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http . 2 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. 3 A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com , but not y.com . Use to bypass the proxy for all destinations. 4 If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy's identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle. 5 Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always . Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly . Note The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field. Note If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example: USD ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform. The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec . Note Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created. 12.6.6. Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines. The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines. Important The Ignition config files that the OpenShift Container Platform installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation. Procedure Change to the directory that contains the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster: USD ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines: USD rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-.yaml By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set: USD rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines: USD rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-.yaml Important If you disabled the MachineAPI capability when installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines. Otherwise, your cluster fails to install. Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false . This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines: Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false . Save and exit the file. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file: apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: DNS metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: cluster spec: baseDomain: example.openshift.com privateZone: 1 id: mycluster-100419-private-zone publicZone: 2 id: example.openshift.com status: {} 1 2 Remove this section completely. If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program: USD ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the same installation directory. Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory: Additional resources Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records 12.7. Exporting common variables 12.7.1. Extracting the infrastructure name The Ignition config files contain a unique cluster identifier that you can use to uniquely identify your cluster in Google Cloud Platform (GCP). The infrastructure name is also used to locate the appropriate GCP resources during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. The provided Deployment Manager templates contain references to this infrastructure name, so you must extract it. Prerequisites You installed the jq package. Procedure To extract and view the infrastructure name from the Ignition config file metadata, run the following command: USD jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. Example output openshift-vw9j6 1 1 The output of this command is your cluster name and a random string. 12.7.2. Exporting common variables for Deployment Manager templates You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Deployment Manager templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Note Specific Deployment Manager templates can also require additional exported variables, which are detailed in their related procedures. Procedure Export the following common variables to be used by the provided Deployment Manager templates: USD export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' USD export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' USD export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16' USD export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17' USD export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17' USD export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1 USD export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json` USD export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` USD export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` USD export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json` 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. 12.8. Creating a VPC in GCP You must create a VPC in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. You can customize the VPC to meet your requirements. One way to create the VPC is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites You have defined the variables in the Exporting common variables section. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the VPC section of this topic and save it as 01_vpc.py on your computer. This template describes the VPC that your cluster requires. Create a 01_vpc.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml imports: - path: 01_vpc.py resources: - name: cluster-vpc type: 01_vpc.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 region: 'USD{REGION}' 2 master_subnet_cidr: 'USD{MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3 worker_subnet_cidr: 'USD{WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4 EOF 1 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 2 region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1 . 3 master_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the master subnet, for example 10.0.0.0/17 . 4 worker_subnet_cidr is the CIDR for the worker subnet, for example 10.0.128.0/17 . Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml 12.8.1. Deployment Manager template for the VPC You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the VPC that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.25. 01_vpc.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network', 'type': 'compute.v1.network', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'autoCreateSubnetworks': False } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet', 'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet', 'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router', 'type': 'compute.v1.router', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'nats': [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master', 'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY', 'minPortsPerVm': 7168, 'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS', 'subnetworks': [{ 'name': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)', 'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES'] }] }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker', 'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY', 'minPortsPerVm': 512, 'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS', 'subnetworks': [{ 'name': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)', 'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES'] }] }] } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.9. Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure All the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files. 12.9.1. Setting the cluster node hostnames through DHCP On Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines, the hostname is set through NetworkManager. By default, the machines obtain their hostname through DHCP. If the hostname is not provided by DHCP, set statically through kernel arguments, or another method, it is obtained through a reverse DNS lookup. Reverse DNS lookup occurs after the network has been initialized on a node and can take time to resolve. Other system services can start prior to this and detect the hostname as localhost or similar. You can avoid this by using DHCP to provide the hostname for each cluster node. Additionally, setting the hostnames through DHCP can bypass any manual DNS record name configuration errors in environments that have a DNS split-horizon implementation. 12.9.2. Network connectivity requirements You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OpenShift Container Platform cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster. This section provides details about the ports that are required. Table 12.7. Ports used for all-machine to all-machine communications Protocol Port Description ICMP N/A Network reachability tests TCP 1936 Metrics 9000 - 9999 Host level services, including the node exporter on ports 9100 - 9101 and the Cluster Version Operator on port 9099 . 10250 - 10259 The default ports that Kubernetes reserves UDP 4789 VXLAN 6081 Geneve 9000 - 9999 Host level services, including the node exporter on ports 9100 - 9101 . 500 IPsec IKE packets 4500 IPsec NAT-T packets 123 Network Time Protocol (NTP) on UDP port 123 If an external NTP time server is configured, you must open UDP port 123 . TCP/UDP 30000 - 32767 Kubernetes node port ESP N/A IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Table 12.8. Ports used for all-machine to control plane communications Protocol Port Description TCP 6443 Kubernetes API Table 12.9. Ports used for control plane machine to control plane machine communications Protocol Port Description TCP 2379 - 2380 etcd server and peer ports 12.10. Creating load balancers in GCP You must configure load balancers in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites You have defined the variables in the Exporting common variables section. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_int.py on your computer. This template describes the internal load balancing objects that your cluster requires. For an external cluster, also copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer section of this topic and save it as 02_lb_ext.py on your computer. This template describes the external load balancing objects that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the deployment template uses: Export the cluster network location: USD export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe USD{INFRA_ID}-network --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`) Export the control plane subnet location: USD export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`) Export the three zones that the cluster uses: USD export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[0] \| cut -d "/" -f9`) USD export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[1] \| cut -d "/" -f9`) USD export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[2] \| cut -d "/" -f9`) Create a 02_infra.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml imports: - path: 02_lb_ext.py - path: 02_lb_int.py 1 resources: - name: cluster-lb-ext 2 type: 02_lb_ext.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 3 region: 'USD{REGION}' 4 - name: cluster-lb-int type: 02_lb_int.py properties: cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' region: 'USD{REGION}' zones: 6 - 'USD{ZONE_0}' - 'USD{ZONE_1}' - 'USD{ZONE_2}' EOF 1 2 Required only when deploying an external cluster. 3 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 4 region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1 . 5 control_subnet is the URI to the control subnet. 6 zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, like us-east1-b , us-east1-c , and us-east1-d . Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yaml Export the cluster IP address: USD export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe USD{INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .address`) For an external cluster, also export the cluster public IP address: USD export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe USD{INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .address`) 12.10.1. Deployment Manager template for the external load balancer You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the external load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.26. 02_lb_ext.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'] } }, { # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check', 'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck', 'properties': { 'port': 6080, 'requestPath': '/readyz' } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool', 'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'healthChecks': ['USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'], 'instances': [] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule', 'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'IPAddress': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)', 'target': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)', 'portRange': '6443' } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.10.2. Deployment Manager template for the internal load balancer You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the internal load balancer that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.27. 02_lb_int.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): backends = [] for zone in context.properties['zones']: backends.append({ 'group': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)' }) resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'addressType': 'INTERNAL', 'region': context.properties['region'], 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] } }, { # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check', 'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck', 'properties': { 'httpsHealthCheck': { 'port': 6443, 'requestPath': '/readyz' }, 'type': "HTTPS" } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal', 'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService', 'properties': { 'backends': backends, 'healthChecks': ['USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'], 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL', 'region': context.properties['region'], 'protocol': 'TCP', 'timeoutSec': 120 } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule', 'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule', 'properties': { 'backendService': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal.selfLink)', 'IPAddress': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)', 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL', 'ports': ['6443','22623'], 'region': context.properties['region'], 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] } }] for zone in context.properties['zones']: resources.append({ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig', 'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup', 'properties': { 'namedPorts': [ { 'name': 'ignition', 'port': 22623 }, { 'name': 'https', 'port': 6443 } ], 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'zone': zone } }) return {'resources': resources} You will need this template in addition to the 02_lb_ext.py template when you create an external cluster. 12.11. Creating a private DNS zone in GCP You must configure a private DNS zone in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create this component is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables and Creating load balancers in GCP sections. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the private DNS section of this topic and save it as 02_dns.py on your computer. This template describes the private DNS objects that your cluster requires. Create a 02_dns.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml imports: - path: 02_dns.py resources: - name: cluster-dns type: 02_dns.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 cluster_domain: 'USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}' 2 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 EOF 1 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 2 cluster_domain is the domain for the cluster, for example openshift.example.com . 3 cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network. Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml The templates do not create DNS entries due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually: Add the internal DNS entries: USD if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_IP} --name api.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone For an external cluster, also add the external DNS entries: USD if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} 12.11.1. Deployment Manager template for the private DNS You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the private DNS that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.28. 02_dns.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone', 'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone', 'properties': { 'description': '', 'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.', 'visibility': 'private', 'privateVisibilityConfig': { 'networks': [{ 'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network'] }] } } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.12. Creating firewall rules in GCP You must create firewall rules in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables and Creating load balancers in GCP sections. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for firewall rules section of this topic and save it as 03_firewall.py on your computer. This template describes the security groups that your cluster requires. Create a 03_firewall.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml imports: - path: 03_firewall.py resources: - name: cluster-firewall type: 03_firewall.py properties: allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1 infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 2 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 network_cidr: 'USD{NETWORK_CIDR}' 4 EOF 1 allowed_external_cidr is the CIDR range that can access the cluster API and SSH to the bootstrap host. For an internal cluster, set this value to USD{NETWORK_CIDR} . 2 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 3 cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network. 4 network_cidr is the CIDR of the VPC network, for example 10.0.0.0/16 . Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml 12.12.1. Deployment Manager template for firewall rules You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the firewall rues that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.29. 03_firewall.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['6443'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624'] }], 'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['2379-2380'] }], 'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10257'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10259'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22623'] }], 'sourceTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'icmp' },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']], 'targetTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['4789', '6081'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['500', '4500'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'esp', },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['9000-9999'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['9000-9999'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10250'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['30000-32767'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['30000-32767'] }], 'sourceTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ], 'targetTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ] } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.13. Creating IAM roles in GCP You must create IAM roles in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your GCP infrastructure, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites You have defined the variables in the Exporting common variables section. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for IAM roles section of this topic and save it as 03_iam.py on your computer. This template describes the IAM roles that your cluster requires. Create a 03_iam.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >03_iam.yaml imports: - path: 03_iam.py resources: - name: cluster-iam type: 03_iam.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 EOF 1 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-iam --config 03_iam.yaml Export the variable for the master service account: USD export MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-m@USD{PROJECT_NAME}." --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`) Export the variable for the worker service account: USD export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-w@USD{PROJECT_NAME}." --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`) Export the variable for the subnet that hosts the compute machines: USD export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`) The templates do not create the policy bindings due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must create them manually: USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.instanceAdmin" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.networkAdmin" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.securityAdmin" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/compute.viewer" USD gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member "serviceAccount:USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}" --role "roles/storage.admin" Create a service account key and store it locally for later use: USD gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json --iam-account=USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT} 12.13.1. Deployment Manager template for IAM roles You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the IAM roles that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.30. 03_iam.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node-sa', 'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount', 'properties': { 'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-m', 'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node' } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node-sa', 'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount', 'properties': { 'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-w', 'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node' } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.14. Creating the RHCOS cluster image for the GCP infrastructure You must use a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image for Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes. Procedure Obtain the RHCOS image from the RHCOS image mirror page. Important The RHCOS images might not change with every release of OpenShift Container Platform. You must download an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift Container Platform version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version if it is available. The file name contains the OpenShift Container Platform version number in the format rhcos-<version>-<arch>-gcp.<arch>.tar.gz . Create the Google storage bucket: USD gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name> Upload the RHCOS image to the Google storage bucket: USD gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz gs://<bucket_name> Export the uploaded RHCOS image location as a variable: USD export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz Create the cluster image: USD gcloud compute images create "USD{INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image" \ --source-uri="USD{IMAGE_SOURCE}" 12.15. Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP You must create the bootstrap machine in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to use during OpenShift Container Platform cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your bootstrap machine, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables and Creating load balancers in GCP sections. Ensure you installed pyOpenSSL. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.py on your computer. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires. Export the location of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that the installation program requires: USD export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe USD{INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`) Create a bucket and upload the bootstrap.ign file: USD gsutil mb gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition USD gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/ Create a signed URL for the bootstrap instance to use to access the Ignition config. Export the URL from the output as a variable: USD export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign \| grep "^gs:" \| awk '{print USD5}'` Create a 04_bootstrap.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml imports: - path: 04_bootstrap.py resources: - name: cluster-bootstrap type: 04_bootstrap.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 region: 'USD{REGION}' 2 zone: 'USD{ZONE_0}' 3 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4 control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7 root_volume_size: '128' 8 bootstrap_ign: 'USD{BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9 EOF 1 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 2 region is the region to deploy the cluster into, for example us-central1 . 3 zone is the zone to deploy the bootstrap instance into, for example us-central1-b . 4 cluster_network is the selfLink URL to the cluster network. 5 control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet. 6 image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. 7 machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4 . 8 root_volume_size is the boot disk size for the bootstrap machine. 9 bootstrap_ign is the URL output when creating a signed URL. Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yaml The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the bootstrap machine manually. Add the bootstrap instance to the internal load balancer instance group: USD gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances \ USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_0} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap Add the bootstrap instance group to the internal load balancer backend service: USD gcloud compute backend-services add-backend \ USD{INFRA_ID}-api-internal --region=USD{REGION} --instance-group=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=USD{ZONE_0} 12.15.1. Deployment Manager template for the bootstrap machine You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.31. 04_bootstrap.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': '{"ignition":{"config":{"replace":{"source":"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '"}},"version":"3.2.0"}}', }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'], 'accessConfigs': [{ 'natIP': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)' }] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap' ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig', 'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup', 'properties': { 'namedPorts': [ { 'name': 'ignition', 'port': 22623 }, { 'name': 'https', 'port': 6443 } ], 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.16. Creating the control plane machines in GCP You must create the control plane machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use. One way to create these machines is to modify the provided Deployment Manager template. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your control plane machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables , Creating load balancers in GCP , Creating IAM roles in GCP , and Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP sections. Create the bootstrap machine. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for control plane machines section of this topic and save it as 05_control_plane.py on your computer. This template describes the control plane machines that your cluster requires. Export the following variable required by the resource definition: USD export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign` Create a 05_control_plane.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml imports: - path: 05_control_plane.py resources: - name: cluster-control-plane type: 05_control_plane.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 zones: 2 - 'USD{ZONE_0}' - 'USD{ZONE_1}' - 'USD{ZONE_2}' control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6 ignition: 'USD{MASTER_IGNITION}' 7 EOF 1 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 2 zones are the zones to deploy the control plane instances into, for example us-central1-a , us-central1-b , and us-central1-c . 3 control_subnet is the selfLink URL to the control subnet. 4 image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. 5 machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4 . 6 service_account_email is the email address for the master service account that you created. 7 ignition is the contents of the master.ign file. Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yaml The templates do not manage load balancer membership due to limitations of Deployment Manager, so you must add the control plane machines manually. Run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the appropriate instance groups: USD gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_0}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_0} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-0 USD gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_1}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_1} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-1 USD gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_2}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_2} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-2 For an external cluster, you must also run the following commands to add the control plane machines to the target pools: USD gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="USD{ZONE_0}" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-0 USD gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="USD{ZONE_1}" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-1 USD gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone="USD{ZONE_2}" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-2 12.16.1. Deployment Manager template for control plane machines You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the control plane machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.32. 05_control_plane.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][0] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][1] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][2] } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.17. Wait for bootstrap completion and remove bootstrap resources in GCP After you create all of the required infrastructure in Google Cloud Platform (GCP), wait for the bootstrap process to complete on the machines that you provisioned by using the Ignition config files that you generated with the installation program. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables and Creating load balancers in GCP sections. Create the bootstrap machine. Create the control plane machines. Procedure Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command: USD ./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \ 1 --log-level info 2 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. 2 To view different installation details, specify warn , debug , or error instead of info . If the command exits without a FATAL warning, your production control plane has initialized. Delete the bootstrap resources: USD gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend USD{INFRA_ID}-api-internal --region=USD{REGION} --instance-group=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=USD{ZONE_0} USD gsutil rm gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign USD gsutil rb gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap 12.18. Creating additional worker machines in GCP You can create worker machines in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for your cluster to use by launching individual instances discretely or by automated processes outside the cluster, such as auto scaling groups. You can also take advantage of the built-in cluster scaling mechanisms and the machine API in OpenShift Container Platform. In this example, you manually launch one instance by using the Deployment Manager template. Additional instances can be launched by including additional resources of type 06_worker.py in the file. Note If you do not use the provided Deployment Manager template to create your worker machines, you must review the provided information and manually create the infrastructure. If your cluster does not initialize correctly, you might have to contact Red Hat support with your installation logs. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables , Creating load balancers in GCP , and Creating the bootstrap machine in GCP sections. Create the bootstrap machine. Create the control plane machines. Procedure Copy the template from the Deployment Manager template for worker machines section of this topic and save it as 06_worker.py on your computer. This template describes the worker machines that your cluster requires. Export the variables that the resource definition uses. Export the subnet that hosts the compute machines: USD export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`) Export the email address for your service account: USD export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter "email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-w@USD{PROJECT_NAME}." --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`) Export the location of the compute machine Ignition config file: USD export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign` Create a 06_worker.yaml resource definition file: USD cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml imports: - path: 06_worker.py resources: - name: 'worker-0' 1 type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 2 zone: 'USD{ZONE_0}' 3 compute_subnet: 'USD{COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7 ignition: 'USD{WORKER_IGNITION}' 8 - name: 'worker-1' type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 9 zone: 'USD{ZONE_1}' 10 compute_subnet: 'USD{COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14 ignition: 'USD{WORKER_IGNITION}' 15 EOF 1 name is the name of the worker machine, for example worker-0 . 2 9 infra_id is the INFRA_ID infrastructure name from the extraction step. 3 10 zone is the zone to deploy the worker machine into, for example us-central1-a . 4 11 compute_subnet is the selfLink URL to the compute subnet. 5 12 image is the selfLink URL to the RHCOS image. 1 6 13 machine_type is the machine type of the instance, for example n1-standard-4 . 7 14 service_account_email is the email address for the worker service account that you created. 8 15 ignition is the contents of the worker.ign file. Optional: If you want to launch additional instances, include additional resources of type 06_worker.py in your 06_worker.yaml resource definition file. Create the deployment by using the gcloud CLI: USD gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml To use a GCP Marketplace image, specify the offer to use: OpenShift Container Platform: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-ocp-413-x86-64-202305021736 OpenShift Platform Plus: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-opp-413-x86-64-202305021736 OpenShift Kubernetes Engine: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/redhat-marketplace-public/global/images/redhat-coreos-oke-413-x86-64-202305021736 12.18.1. Deployment Manager template for worker machines You can use the following Deployment Manager template to deploy the worker machines that you need for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Example 12.33. 06_worker.py Deployment Manager template def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'], 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }] return {'resources': resources} 12.19. Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file. The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation. Prerequisites You installed the oc CLI. Ensure the bootstrap process completed successfully. Procedure Export the kubeadmin credentials: USD export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration: USD oc whoami Example output system:admin 12.20. Disabling the default OperatorHub catalog sources Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OpenShift Container Platform installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator. Procedure Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object: USD oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \ -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]' Tip Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration Cluster Settings Configuration OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, update, delete, disable, and enable individual sources. 12.21. Approving the certificate signing requests for your machines When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself. The client requests must be approved first, followed by the server requests. Prerequisites You added machines to your cluster. Procedure Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines: USD oc get nodes Example output NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 63m v1.29.4 master-1 Ready master 63m v1.29.4 master-2 Ready master 64m v1.29.4 The output lists all of the machines that you created. Note The preceding output might not include the compute nodes, also known as worker nodes, until some CSRs are approved. Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see the client requests with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster: USD oc get csr Example output NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-8b2br 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending csr-8vnps 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending ... In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list. If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines: Note Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After the client CSR is approved, the Kubelet creates a secondary CSR for the serving certificate, which requires manual approval. Then, subsequent serving certificate renewal requests are automatically approved by the machine-approver if the Kubelet requests a new certificate with identical parameters. Note For clusters running on platforms that are not machine API enabled, such as bare metal and other user-provisioned infrastructure, you must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests (CSRs). If a request is not approved, then the oc exec , oc rsh , and oc logs commands cannot succeed, because a serving certificate is required when the API server connects to the kubelet. Any operation that contacts the Kubelet endpoint requires this certificate approval to be in place. The method must watch for new CSRs, confirm that the CSR was submitted by the node-bootstrapper service account in the system:node or system:admin groups, and confirm the identity of the node. To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: USD oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1 1 <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs. To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: USD oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' \| xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve Note Some Operators might not become available until some CSRs are approved. Now that your client requests are approved, you must review the server requests for each machine that you added to the cluster: USD oc get csr Example output NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-bfd72 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending csr-c57lv 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending ... If the remaining CSRs are not approved, and are in the Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines: To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR: USD oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1 1 <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs. To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command: USD oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' \| xargs oc adm certificate approve After all client and server CSRs have been approved, the machines have the Ready status. Verify this by running the following command: USD oc get nodes Example output NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 73m v1.29.4 master-1 Ready master 73m v1.29.4 master-2 Ready master 74m v1.29.4 worker-0 Ready worker 11m v1.29.4 worker-1 Ready worker 11m v1.29.4 Note It can take a few minutes after approval of the server CSRs for the machines to transition to the Ready status. Additional information For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests . 12.22. Optional: Adding the ingress DNS records If you removed the DNS zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs, you must manually create DNS records that point at the ingress load balancer. You can create either a wildcard .apps.{baseDomain}. or specific records. You can use A, CNAME, and other records per your requirements. Prerequisites Ensure you defined the variables in the Exporting common variables section. Remove the DNS Zone configuration when creating Kubernetes manifests and generating Ignition configs. Ensure the bootstrap process completed successfully. Procedure Wait for the Ingress router to create a load balancer and populate the EXTERNAL-IP field: USD oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default Example output NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE router-default LoadBalancer 172.30.18.154 35.233.157.184 80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP 98 Add the A record to your zones: To use A records: Export the variable for the router IP address: USD export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers \| awk '{print USD4}'` Add the A record to the private zones: USD if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{ROUTER_IP} --name \.apps.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone For an external cluster, also add the A record to the public zones: USD if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{ROUTER_IP} --name \.apps.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} USD gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} To add explicit domains instead of using a wildcard, create entries for each of the cluster's current routes: USD oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[]}{range .status.ingress[*]}{.host}{"\n"}{end}{end}' routes Example output oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com 12.23. Completing a GCP installation on user-provisioned infrastructure After you start the OpenShift Container Platform installation on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) user-provisioned infrastructure, you can monitor the cluster events until the cluster is ready. Prerequisites Ensure the bootstrap process completed successfully. Procedure Complete the cluster installation: USD ./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1 Example output INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize... 1 For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. Important The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information. It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation. Observe the running state of your cluster. Run the following command to view the current cluster version and status: USD oc get clusterversion Example output NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING SINCE STATUS version False True 24m Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete Run the following command to view the Operators managed on the control plane by the Cluster Version Operator (CVO): USD oc get clusteroperators Example output NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.5.4 True False False 7m56s cloud-credential 4.5.4 True False False 31m cluster-autoscaler 4.5.4 True False False 16m console 4.5.4 True False False 10m csi-snapshot-controller 4.5.4 True False False 16m dns 4.5.4 True False False 22m etcd 4.5.4 False False False 25s image-registry 4.5.4 True False False 16m ingress 4.5.4 True False False 16m insights 4.5.4 True False False 17m kube-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 19m kube-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-scheduler 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-storage-version-migrator 4.5.4 True False False 16m machine-api 4.5.4 True False False 22m machine-config 4.5.4 True False False 22m marketplace 4.5.4 True False False 16m monitoring 4.5.4 True False False 10m network 4.5.4 True False False 23m node-tuning 4.5.4 True False False 23m openshift-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 17m openshift-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 15m openshift-samples 4.5.4 True False False 16m operator-lifecycle-manager 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver 4.5.4 True False False 18m service-ca 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 23m storage 4.5.4 True False False 17m Run the following command to view your cluster pods: USD oc get pods --all-namespaces Example output NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 37m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-apiserver-operator openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t 1/1 Running 1 37m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fm48r 1/1 Running 0 30m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fxkvv 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-apiserver apiserver-q85nm 1/1 Running 0 29m ... openshift-service-ca-operator openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257 1/1 Running 0 37m openshift-service-ca apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w 1/1 Running 0 32m openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm 1/1 Running 0 31m When the current cluster version is AVAILABLE , the installation is complete. 12.24. Telemetry access for OpenShift Container Platform In OpenShift Container Platform 4.16, the Telemetry service, which runs by default to provide metrics about cluster health and the success of updates, requires internet access. If your cluster is connected to the internet, Telemetry runs automatically, and your cluster is registered to OpenShift Cluster Manager . After you confirm that your OpenShift Cluster Manager inventory is correct, either maintained automatically by Telemetry or manually by using OpenShift Cluster Manager, use subscription watch to track your OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions at the account or multi-cluster level. Additional resources See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service 12.25. steps Customize your cluster . Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the must-gather tool. Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks . If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores . If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting . If necessary, see Registering your disconnected cluster	[ "mkdir USDHOME/clusterconfig", "openshift-install create manifests --dir USDHOME/clusterconfig", "? SSH Public Key INFO Credentials loaded from the \"myprofile\" profile in file \"/home/myuser/.aws/credentials\" INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory INFO Manifests created in: USDHOME/clusterconfig/manifests and USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift", "ls USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift/", "99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml", "variant: openshift version: 4.16.0 metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 98-var-partition storage: disks: - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> 1 partitions: - label: var start_mib: <partition_start_offset> 2 size_mib: <partition_size> 3 number: 5 filesystems: - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var path: /var format: xfs mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] 4 with_mount_unit: true", "butane USDHOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o USDHOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml", "openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir USDHOME/clusterconfig ls USDHOME/clusterconfig/ auth bootstrap.ign master.ign metadata.json worker.ign", "./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> 1", "pullSecret: '{\"auths\":{\"<mirror_host_name>:5000\": {\"auth\": \"<credentials>\",\"email\": \"[email protected]\"}}}'", "additionalTrustBundle: \| -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----", "network: <existing_vpc> controlPlaneSubnet: <control_plane_subnet> computeSubnet: <compute_subnet>", "imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.redhat.io/ocp/release", "publish: Internal", "controlPlane: platform: gcp: secureBoot: Enabled", "compute: - platform: gcp: secureBoot: Enabled", "platform: gcp: defaultMachinePlatform: secureBoot: Enabled", "controlPlane: platform: gcp: confidentialCompute: Enabled 1 type: n2d-standard-8 2 onHostMaintenance: Terminate 3", "compute: - platform: gcp: confidentialCompute: Enabled type: n2d-standard-8 onHostMaintenance: Terminate", "platform: gcp: defaultMachinePlatform: confidentialCompute: Enabled type: n2d-standard-8 onHostMaintenance: Terminate", "apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 1 httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> 2 noProxy: example.com 3 additionalTrustBundle: \| 4 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> 5", "./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug", "./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> 1", "rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-.yaml", "rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml", "rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-.yaml", "apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: DNS metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: cluster spec: baseDomain: example.openshift.com privateZone: 1 id: mycluster-100419-private-zone publicZone: 2 id: example.openshift.com status: {}", "./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> 1", ". ├── auth │ ├── kubeadmin-password │ └── kubeconfig ├── bootstrap.ign ├── master.ign ├── metadata.json └── worker.ign", "jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json 1", "openshift-vw9j6 1", "export BASE_DOMAIN='<base_domain>' export BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME='<base_domain_zone_name>' export NETWORK_CIDR='10.0.0.0/16' export MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.0.0/17' export WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR='10.0.128.0/17' export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1 export CLUSTER_NAME=`jq -r .clusterName <installation_directory>/metadata.json` export INFRA_ID=`jq -r .infraID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` export PROJECT_NAME=`jq -r .gcp.projectID <installation_directory>/metadata.json` export REGION=`jq -r .gcp.region <installation_directory>/metadata.json`", "cat <<EOF >01_vpc.yaml imports: - path: 01_vpc.py resources: - name: cluster-vpc type: 01_vpc.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 region: 'USD{REGION}' 2 master_subnet_cidr: 'USD{MASTER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 3 worker_subnet_cidr: 'USD{WORKER_SUBNET_CIDR}' 4 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-vpc --config 01_vpc.yaml", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network', 'type': 'compute.v1.network', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'autoCreateSubnetworks': False } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet', 'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'ipCidrRange': context.properties['master_subnet_cidr'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet', 'type': 'compute.v1.subnetwork', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'ipCidrRange': context.properties['worker_subnet_cidr'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-router', 'type': 'compute.v1.router', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'network': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-network.selfLink)', 'nats': [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-master', 'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY', 'minPortsPerVm': 7168, 'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS', 'subnetworks': [{ 'name': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-subnet.selfLink)', 'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES'] }] }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-nat-worker', 'natIpAllocateOption': 'AUTO_ONLY', 'minPortsPerVm': 512, 'sourceSubnetworkIpRangesToNat': 'LIST_OF_SUBNETWORKS', 'subnetworks': [{ 'name': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-subnet.selfLink)', 'sourceIpRangesToNat': ['ALL_IP_RANGES'] }] }] } }] return {'resources': resources}", "export CLUSTER_NETWORK=(`gcloud compute networks describe USD{INFRA_ID}-network --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`)", "export CONTROL_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-master-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`)", "export ZONE_0=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[0] \| cut -d \"/\" -f9`)", "export ZONE_1=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[1] \| cut -d \"/\" -f9`)", "export ZONE_2=(`gcloud compute regions describe USD{REGION} --format=json \| jq -r .zones[2] \| cut -d \"/\" -f9`)", "cat <<EOF >02_infra.yaml imports: - path: 02_lb_ext.py - path: 02_lb_int.py 1 resources: - name: cluster-lb-ext 2 type: 02_lb_ext.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 3 region: 'USD{REGION}' 4 - name: cluster-lb-int type: 02_lb_int.py properties: cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' region: 'USD{REGION}' zones: 6 - 'USD{ZONE_0}' - 'USD{ZONE_1}' - 'USD{ZONE_2}' EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-infra --config 02_infra.yaml", "export CLUSTER_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe USD{INFRA_ID}-cluster-ip --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .address`)", "export CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP=(`gcloud compute addresses describe USD{INFRA_ID}-cluster-public-ip --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .address`)", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'] } }, { # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check', 'type': 'compute.v1.httpHealthCheck', 'properties': { 'port': 6080, 'requestPath': '/readyz' } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool', 'type': 'compute.v1.targetPool', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'healthChecks': ['USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-http-health-check.selfLink)'], 'instances': [] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-forwarding-rule', 'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'], 'IPAddress': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-public-ip.selfLink)', 'target': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-target-pool.selfLink)', 'portRange': '6443' } }] return {'resources': resources}", "def GenerateConfig(context): backends = [] for zone in context.properties['zones']: backends.append({ 'group': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig' + '.selfLink)' }) resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'addressType': 'INTERNAL', 'region': context.properties['region'], 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] } }, { # Refer to docs/dev/kube-apiserver-health-check.md on how to correctly setup health check probe for kube-apiserver 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check', 'type': 'compute.v1.healthCheck', 'properties': { 'httpsHealthCheck': { 'port': 6443, 'requestPath': '/readyz' }, 'type': \"HTTPS\" } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal', 'type': 'compute.v1.regionBackendService', 'properties': { 'backends': backends, 'healthChecks': ['USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-health-check.selfLink)'], 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL', 'region': context.properties['region'], 'protocol': 'TCP', 'timeoutSec': 120 } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal-forwarding-rule', 'type': 'compute.v1.forwardingRule', 'properties': { 'backendService': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api-internal.selfLink)', 'IPAddress': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-cluster-ip.selfLink)', 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL', 'ports': ['6443','22623'], 'region': context.properties['region'], 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] } }] for zone in context.properties['zones']: resources.append({ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-' + zone + '-ig', 'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup', 'properties': { 'namedPorts': [ { 'name': 'ignition', 'port': 22623 }, { 'name': 'https', 'port': 6443 } ], 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'zone': zone } }) return {'resources': resources}", "cat <<EOF >02_dns.yaml imports: - path: 02_dns.py resources: - name: cluster-dns type: 02_dns.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 cluster_domain: 'USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}' 2 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-dns --config 02_dns.yaml", "if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_IP} --name api.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_IP} --name api-int.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone", "if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{CLUSTER_PUBLIC_IP} --name api.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 60 --type A --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-private-zone', 'type': 'dns.v1.managedZone', 'properties': { 'description': '', 'dnsName': context.properties['cluster_domain'] + '.', 'visibility': 'private', 'privateVisibilityConfig': { 'networks': [{ 'networkUrl': context.properties['cluster_network'] }] } } }] return {'resources': resources}", "cat <<EOF >03_firewall.yaml imports: - path: 03_firewall.py resources: - name: cluster-firewall type: 03_firewall.py properties: allowed_external_cidr: '0.0.0.0/0' 1 infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 2 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 3 network_cidr: 'USD{NETWORK_CIDR}' 4 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-firewall --config 03_firewall.yaml", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-in-ssh', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-api', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['6443'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['allowed_external_cidr']], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-health-checks', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['6080', '6443', '22624'] }], 'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22', '209.85.152.0/22', '209.85.204.0/22'], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-etcd', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['2379-2380'] }], 'sourceTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-control-plane', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10257'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10259'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22623'] }], 'sourceTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ], 'targetTags': [context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-network', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'icmp' },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['22'] }], 'sourceRanges': [context.properties['network_cidr']], 'targetTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-internal-cluster', 'type': 'compute.v1.firewall', 'properties': { 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['4789', '6081'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['500', '4500'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'esp', },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['9000-9999'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['9000-9999'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['10250'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp', 'ports': ['30000-32767'] },{ 'IPProtocol': 'udp', 'ports': ['30000-32767'] }], 'sourceTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ], 'targetTags': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker' ] } }] return {'resources': resources}", "cat <<EOF >03_iam.yaml imports: - path: 03_iam.py resources: - name: cluster-iam type: 03_iam.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-iam --config 03_iam.yaml", "export MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter \"email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-m@USD{PROJECT_NAME}.\" --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`)", "export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter \"email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-w@USD{PROJECT_NAME}.\" --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`)", "export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`)", "gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/compute.instanceAdmin\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/compute.networkAdmin\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/compute.securityAdmin\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/iam.serviceAccountUser\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/storage.admin\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/compute.viewer\" gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding USD{PROJECT_NAME} --member \"serviceAccount:USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}\" --role \"roles/storage.admin\"", "gcloud iam service-accounts keys create service-account-key.json --iam-account=USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node-sa', 'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount', 'properties': { 'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-m', 'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-node' } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node-sa', 'type': 'iam.v1.serviceAccount', 'properties': { 'accountId': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-w', 'displayName': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker-node' } }] return {'resources': resources}", "gsutil mb gs://<bucket_name>", "gsutil cp <downloaded_image_file_path>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz gs://<bucket_name>", "export IMAGE_SOURCE=gs://<bucket_name>/rhcos-<version>-x86_64-gcp.x86_64.tar.gz", "gcloud compute images create \"USD{INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image\" --source-uri=\"USD{IMAGE_SOURCE}\"", "export CLUSTER_IMAGE=(`gcloud compute images describe USD{INFRA_ID}-rhcos-image --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`)", "gsutil mb gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition", "gsutil cp <installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/", "export BOOTSTRAP_IGN=`gsutil signurl -d 1h service-account-key.json gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign \| grep \"^gs:\" \| awk '{print USD5}'`", "cat <<EOF >04_bootstrap.yaml imports: - path: 04_bootstrap.py resources: - name: cluster-bootstrap type: 04_bootstrap.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 region: 'USD{REGION}' 2 zone: 'USD{ZONE_0}' 3 cluster_network: 'USD{CLUSTER_NETWORK}' 4 control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 5 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 6 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 7 root_volume_size: '128' 8 bootstrap_ign: 'USD{BOOTSTRAP_IGN}' 9 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap --config 04_bootstrap.yaml", "gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_0} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap", "gcloud compute backend-services add-backend USD{INFRA_ID}-api-internal --region=USD{REGION} --instance-group=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=USD{ZONE_0}", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip', 'type': 'compute.v1.address', 'properties': { 'region': context.properties['region'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': '{\"ignition\":{\"config\":{\"replace\":{\"source\":\"' + context.properties['bootstrap_ign'] + '\"}},\"version\":\"3.2.0\"}}', }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'], 'accessConfigs': [{ 'natIP': 'USD(ref.' + context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-public-ip.address)' }] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap' ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-bootstrap-ig', 'type': 'compute.v1.instanceGroup', 'properties': { 'namedPorts': [ { 'name': 'ignition', 'port': 22623 }, { 'name': 'https', 'port': 6443 } ], 'network': context.properties['cluster_network'], 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }] return {'resources': resources}", "export MASTER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/master.ign`", "cat <<EOF >05_control_plane.yaml imports: - path: 05_control_plane.py resources: - name: cluster-control-plane type: 05_control_plane.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 1 zones: 2 - 'USD{ZONE_0}' - 'USD{ZONE_1}' - 'USD{ZONE_2}' control_subnet: 'USD{CONTROL_SUBNET}' 3 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 4 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 5 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{MASTER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 6 ignition: 'USD{MASTER_IGNITION}' 7 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-control-plane --config 05_control_plane.yaml", "gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_0}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_0} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-0", "gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_1}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_1} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-1", "gcloud compute instance-groups unmanaged add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-master-USD{ZONE_2}-ig --zone=USD{ZONE_2} --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-2", "gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone=\"USD{ZONE_0}\" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-0", "gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone=\"USD{ZONE_1}\" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-1", "gcloud compute target-pools add-instances USD{INFRA_ID}-api-target-pool --instances-zone=\"USD{ZONE_2}\" --instances=USD{INFRA_ID}-master-2", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-0', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][0] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][0] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-1', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][1] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][1] } }, { 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master-2', 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'diskType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/diskTypes/pd-ssd', 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zones'][2] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['control_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-master', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zones'][2] } }] return {'resources': resources}", "./openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir <installation_directory> \\ 1 --log-level info 2", "gcloud compute backend-services remove-backend USD{INFRA_ID}-api-internal --region=USD{REGION} --instance-group=USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ig --instance-group-zone=USD{ZONE_0}", "gsutil rm gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign", "gsutil rb gs://USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap-ignition", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete USD{INFRA_ID}-bootstrap", "export COMPUTE_SUBNET=(`gcloud compute networks subnets describe USD{INFRA_ID}-worker-subnet --region=USD{REGION} --format json \| jq -r .selfLink`)", "export WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=(`gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter \"email~^USD{INFRA_ID}-w@USD{PROJECT_NAME}.\" --format json \| jq -r '.[0].email'`)", "export WORKER_IGNITION=`cat <installation_directory>/worker.ign`", "cat <<EOF >06_worker.yaml imports: - path: 06_worker.py resources: - name: 'worker-0' 1 type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 2 zone: 'USD{ZONE_0}' 3 compute_subnet: 'USD{COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 4 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 5 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 6 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 7 ignition: 'USD{WORKER_IGNITION}' 8 - name: 'worker-1' type: 06_worker.py properties: infra_id: 'USD{INFRA_ID}' 9 zone: 'USD{ZONE_1}' 10 compute_subnet: 'USD{COMPUTE_SUBNET}' 11 image: 'USD{CLUSTER_IMAGE}' 12 machine_type: 'n1-standard-4' 13 root_volume_size: '128' service_account_email: 'USD{WORKER_SERVICE_ACCOUNT}' 14 ignition: 'USD{WORKER_IGNITION}' 15 EOF", "gcloud deployment-manager deployments create USD{INFRA_ID}-worker --config 06_worker.yaml", "def GenerateConfig(context): resources = [{ 'name': context.properties['infra_id'] + '-' + context.env['name'], 'type': 'compute.v1.instance', 'properties': { 'disks': [{ 'autoDelete': True, 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'diskSizeGb': context.properties['root_volume_size'], 'sourceImage': context.properties['image'] } }], 'machineType': 'zones/' + context.properties['zone'] + '/machineTypes/' + context.properties['machine_type'], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'user-data', 'value': context.properties['ignition'] }] }, 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'subnetwork': context.properties['compute_subnet'] }], 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': context.properties['service_account_email'], 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'] }], 'tags': { 'items': [ context.properties['infra_id'] + '-worker', ] }, 'zone': context.properties['zone'] } }] return {'resources': resources}", "export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1", "oc whoami", "system:admin", "oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json -p '[{\"op\": \"add\", \"path\": \"/spec/disableAllDefaultSources\", \"value\": true}]'", "oc get nodes", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 63m v1.29.4 master-1 Ready master 63m v1.29.4 master-2 Ready master 64m v1.29.4", "oc get csr", "NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-8b2br 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending csr-8vnps 15m system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper Pending", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1", "oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{\"\\n\"}}{{end}}{{end}}' \| xargs --no-run-if-empty oc adm certificate approve", "oc get csr", "NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION csr-bfd72 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending csr-c57lv 5m26s system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal Pending", "oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1", "oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{\"\\n\"}}{{end}}{{end}}' \| xargs oc adm certificate approve", "oc get nodes", "NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master-0 Ready master 73m v1.29.4 master-1 Ready master 73m v1.29.4 master-2 Ready master 74m v1.29.4 worker-0 Ready worker 11m v1.29.4 worker-1 Ready worker 11m v1.29.4", "oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default", "NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE router-default LoadBalancer 172.30.18.154 35.233.157.184 80:32288/TCP,443:31215/TCP 98", "export ROUTER_IP=`oc -n openshift-ingress get service router-default --no-headers \| awk '{print USD4}'`", "if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{ROUTER_IP} --name \\.apps.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{INFRA_ID}-private-zone", "if [ -f transaction.yaml ]; then rm transaction.yaml; fi gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} gcloud dns record-sets transaction add USD{ROUTER_IP} --name \\.apps.USD{CLUSTER_NAME}.USD{BASE_DOMAIN}. --ttl 300 --type A --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME} gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone USD{BASE_DOMAIN_ZONE_NAME}", "oc get --all-namespaces -o jsonpath='{range .items[]}{range .status.ingress[]}{.host}{\"\\n\"}{end}{end}' routes", "oauth-openshift.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com console-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com downloads-openshift-console.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com alertmanager-main-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.your.cluster.domain.example.com", "./openshift-install --dir <installation_directory> wait-for install-complete 1", "INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for the cluster to initialize", "oc get clusterversion", "NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING SINCE STATUS version False True 24m Working towards 4.5.4: 99% complete", "oc get clusteroperators", "NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE authentication 4.5.4 True False False 7m56s cloud-credential 4.5.4 True False False 31m cluster-autoscaler 4.5.4 True False False 16m console 4.5.4 True False False 10m csi-snapshot-controller 4.5.4 True False False 16m dns 4.5.4 True False False 22m etcd 4.5.4 False False False 25s image-registry 4.5.4 True False False 16m ingress 4.5.4 True False False 16m insights 4.5.4 True False False 17m kube-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 19m kube-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-scheduler 4.5.4 True False False 20m kube-storage-version-migrator 4.5.4 True False False 16m machine-api 4.5.4 True False False 22m machine-config 4.5.4 True False False 22m marketplace 4.5.4 True False False 16m monitoring 4.5.4 True False False 10m network 4.5.4 True False False 23m node-tuning 4.5.4 True False False 23m openshift-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 17m openshift-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 15m openshift-samples 4.5.4 True False False 16m operator-lifecycle-manager 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-catalog 4.5.4 True False False 22m operator-lifecycle-manager-packageserver 4.5.4 True False False 18m service-ca 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-apiserver 4.5.4 True False False 23m service-catalog-controller-manager 4.5.4 True False False 23m storage 4.5.4 True False False 17m", "oc get pods --all-namespaces", "NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-111.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-239.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 37m kube-system etcd-member-ip-10-0-3-24.us-east-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-apiserver-operator openshift-apiserver-operator-6d6674f4f4-h7t2t 1/1 Running 1 37m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fm48r 1/1 Running 0 30m openshift-apiserver apiserver-fxkvv 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-apiserver apiserver-q85nm 1/1 Running 0 29m openshift-service-ca-operator openshift-service-ca-operator-66ff6dc6cd-9r257 1/1 Running 0 37m openshift-service-ca apiservice-cabundle-injector-695b6bcbc-cl5hm 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca configmap-cabundle-injector-8498544d7-25qn6 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-ca service-serving-cert-signer-6445fc9c6-wqdqn 1/1 Running 0 35m openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator openshift-service-catalog-apiserver-operator-549f44668b-b5q2w 1/1 Running 0 32m openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator openshift-service-catalog-controller-manager-operator-b78cr2lnm 1/1 Running 0 31m" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.16/html/installing_on_gcp/installing-restricted-networks-gcp
Chapter 3. Legacy Support	Chapter 3. Legacy Support 3.1. Legacy /lifecycle endpoint support Abstract Support legacy API endpoint /lifecycle. JSON XML 3.2. Parameters Name Description Example Default products Index of products filter. Multi-products seperated by comma(,) is suppported. products=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux,Openshift%20Container%20Platform all all_versions Index of all versions including ones that are out of Red Hat service. all_versions=false true	[ "GET /plccapi/lifecycle.json", "GET /plccapi/lifecycle.xml" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_product_life_cycle_data_api/1.0/html/red_hat_product_life_cycle_data_api/legacy_support
Chapter 9. Rulebook activations troubleshooting	Chapter 9. Rulebook activations troubleshooting Occasionally, rulebook activations might fail due to a variety of reasons that can be resolved. This section contains a list of possible issues and how you can resolve them. 9.1. Activation stuck in Pending state Perform the following steps if your rulebook activation is stuck in Pending state. Procedure Confirm whether there are other running activations and if you have reached the limits (for example, memory or CPU limits). If there are other activations running, terminate one or more of them, if possible. If not, check that the default worker, Redis, and activation worker are all running. If all systems are working as expected, check your eda-server internal logs in the worker, scheduler, API, and nginx containers and services to see if the problem can be determined. Note These logs reveal the source of the issue, such as an exception thrown by the code, a runtime error with network issues, or an error with the rulebook code. If your internal logs do not provide information that leads to resolution, report the issue to Red Hat support. If you need to make adjustments, see the Modifying the number of simultaneous rulebook activations . Note To adjust the maximum number of simultaneous activations for Ansible Automation Platform Operator on OpenShift Container Platform deployments, see Modifying the number of simultaneous rulebook activations during or after Event-Driven Ansible controller installation in Installing on OpenShift Container Platform . 9.2. Activation keeps restarting Perform the following steps if your rulebook activation keeps restarting. Procedure Log in to Ansible Automation Platform. From the navigation panel, select Automation Decisions Rulebook Activations . From the Rulebook Activations page, select the activation in your list that keeps restarting. The Details page is displayed. Click the History tab for more information and select the rulebook activation that keeps restarting. The Details tab is displayed and shows the output information. Check the Restart policy field for your activation. There are three selections available: On failure (restarts a rulebook activation when the container process fails), Always (always restarts regardless of success or failure with no more than 5 restarts), or Never (never restarts when the container process ends). Confirm that your rulebook activation Restart policy is set to On failure . This is an indication that an issue is causing it to fail. To possibly diagnose the problem, check the YAML code and the instance logs of the rulebook activation for errors. If you cannot find a solution with the restart policy values, proceed to the steps related to the Log level . Check your log level for your activation. If your default log level is Error , go back to the Rulebook Activation page and recreate your activation following procedures in Setting up rulebook a activation . Change the Log level to Debug . Run the activation again and navigate to the History tab from the activation details page. On the History page, click one of your recent activations and view the Output . 9.3. Event streams not sending events to activation If you are using event streams to send events to your rulebook activations, occasionally those events might not be successfully routed to your rulebook activation. Procedure Try the following options to resolve this. Ensure that each of your event streams in Event-Driven Ansible controller is not in Test mode . This means activations would not receive the events. Verify that the origin service is sending the request properly. Check that the network connection to your platform gateway instance is stable. If you have set up event streams, this is the entry of the event stream request from the sender. Verify that the proxy in the platform gateway is running. Confirm that the event stream worker is up and running, and able to process the request. Verify that your credential is correctly set up in the event stream. Confirm that the request complies with the authentication mechanism determined by the set credential (for example, basic must contain a header with the credentials or HMAC must contain the signature of the content in a header, and similar). Note The credentials might have been changed in Event-Driven Ansible controller, but not updated in the origin service. Verify that the rulebook that is running in the activation reacts to these events. This would indicate that you wrote down the event source and added actions that consume the events coming in. Otherwise, the event does reach the activation but there is nothing to activate it. If you are using self-signed certificates, you might want to disable certificate validation when sending webhooks from vendors. Most of the vendors have an option to disable certificate validation for testing or non-production environments. 9.4. Cannot connect to the 2.5 automation controller when running activations You might experience a failed connection to automation controller when you run your activations. Procedure To help resolve the issue, confirm that you have set up a Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform credential and have obtained the correct automation controller URL. If you have not set up a Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform credential, follow the procedures in Setting up a Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform credential . Ensure that this credential has the host set to the following URL format: https://<your_gateway>/api/controller When you have completed this process, try setting up your rulebook activation again.	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_ansible_automation_platform/2.5/html/using_automation_decisions/eda-rulebook-troubleshooting
Chapter 1. Installing a cluster on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using the Assisted Installer	Chapter 1. Installing a cluster on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using the Assisted Installer From OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 and later versions, you can use the Assisted Installer to install a cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using infrastructure that you provide. 1.1. The Assisted Installer and OCI overview You can run cluster workloads on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) infrastructure that supports dedicated, hybrid, public, and multiple cloud environments. Both Red Hat and Oracle test, validate, and support running OCI in an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. The Assisted Installer supports the OCI platform, and you can use the Assisted Installer to access an intuitive interactive workflow for the purposes of automating cluster installation tasks on OCI. Figure 1.1. Workflow for using the Assisted Installer in a connected environment to install a cluster on OCI OCI provides services that can meet your needs for regulatory compliance, performance, and cost-effectiveness. You can access OCI Resource Manager configurations to provision and configure OCI resources. Important The steps for provisioning OCI resources are provided as an example only. You can also choose to create the required resources through other methods; the scripts are just an example. Installing a cluster with infrastructure that you provide requires knowledge of the cloud provider and the installation process on OpenShift Container Platform. You can access OCI Resource Manager configurations to complete these steps, or use the configurations to model your own custom script. Follow the steps in the Installing a cluster on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using the Assisted Installer document to understand how to use the Assisted Installer to install a OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. This document demonstrates the use of the OCI Cloud Controller Manager (CCM) and Oracle's Container Storage Interface (CSI) objects to link your OpenShift Container Platform cluster with the OCI API. Important To ensure the best performance conditions for your cluster workloads that operate on OCI, ensure that volume performance units (VPUs) for your block volume are sized for your workloads. The following list provides guidance for selecting the VPUs needed for specific performance needs: Test or proof of concept environment: 100 GB, and 20 to 30 VPUs. Basic environment: 500 GB, and 60 VPUs. Heavy production environment: More than 500 GB, and 100 or more VPUs. Consider reserving additional VPUs to provide sufficient capacity for updates and scaling activities. For more information about VPUs, see Volume Performance Units (Oracle documentation). If you are unfamiliar with the OpenShift Container Platform Assisted Installer, see "Assisted Installer for OpenShift Container Platform". Additional resources Assisted Installer for OpenShift Container Platform Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform Volume Performance Units (Oracle documentation) Instance Sizing Recommendations for OpenShift Container Platform on OCI Nodes (Oracle) documentation 1.2. Creating OCI resources and services Create Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) resources and services so that you can establish infrastructure with governance standards that meets your organization's requirements. Prerequisites You configured an OCI account to host the cluster. See Prerequisites (Oracle documentation) . Procedure Log in to your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) account with administrator privileges. Download an archive file from an Oracle resource. The archive file includes files for creating cluster resources and custom manifests. The archive file also includes a script, and when you run the script, the script creates OCI resources, such as DNS records, an instance, and so on. For more information, see Configuration Files (Oracle documentation) . 1.3. Using the Assisted Installer to generate an OCI-compatible discovery ISO image Generate a discovery ISO image and upload the image to Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), so that the agent can perform hardware and network validation checks before you install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. From the OCI web console, you must create the following resources: A compartment for better organizing, restricting access, and setting usage limits to OCI resources. An object storage bucket for safely and securely storing the discovery ISO image. You can access the image at a later stage for the purposes of booting the instances, so that you can then create your cluster. Prerequisites You created a child compartment and an object storage bucket on OCI. See Provisioning Cloud Infrastructure (OCI Console) in the Oracle documentation. You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes. If you use a firewall and you plan to use a Telemetry service, you configured your firewall to allow OpenShift Container Platform to access the sites required. Before you create a virtual machines (VM), see Cloud instance types (Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog portal) to identify the supported OCI VM shapes. Procedure From the Install OpenShift with the Assisted Installer page on the Hybrid Cloud Console, generate the discovery ISO image by completing all the required Assisted Installer steps. In the Cluster Details step, complete the following fields: Field Action required Cluster name Specify the name of your cluster, such as ocidemo . Base domain Specify the base domain of the cluster, such as splat-oci.devcluster.openshift.com . Provided you previously created a compartment on OCI, you can get this information by going to DNS management Zones List scope and then selecting the parent compartment. Your base domain should show under the Public zones tab. OpenShift version Specify OpenShift 4.15 or a later version. CPU architecture Specify x86_64 or Arm64 . Integrate with external partner platforms Specify Oracle Cloud Infrastructure . After you specify this value, the Include custom manifests checkbox is selected by default. On the Operators page, click . On the Host Discovery page, click Add hosts . For the SSH public key field, add your SSH key from your local system. Tip You can create an SSH authentication key pair by using the ssh-keygen tool. Click Generate Discovery ISO to generate the discovery ISO image file. Download the file to your local system. Upload the discovery ISO image to the OCI bucket. See Uploading an Object Storage Object to a Bucket (Oracle documentation) . You must create a pre-authenticated request for your uploaded discovery ISO image. Ensure that you make note of the URL from the pre-authenticated request, because you must specify the URL at a later stage when you create an OCI stack. Additional resources Installation and update Configuring your firewall 1.4. Provisioning OCI infrastructure for your cluster By using the Assisted Installer to create details for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you can specify these details in a stack. A stack is an OCI feature where you can automate the provisioning of all necessary OCI infrastructure resources, such as the custom image, that are required for installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. The Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Compute Service creates a virtual machine (VM) instance on OCI. This instance can then automatically attach to a virtual network interface controller (vNIC) in the virtual cloud network (VCN) subnet. On specifying the IP address of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster in the custom manifest template files, the OCI instance can communicate with your cluster over the VCN. Prerequisites You uploaded the discovery ISO image to the OCI bucket. For more information, see "Using the Assisted Installer to generate an OCI-compatible discovery ISO image". Procedure Complete the steps for provisioning OCI infrastructure for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Creating OpenShift Container Platform Infrastructure Using Resource Manager (Oracle documentation) . Create a stack, and then edit the custom manifest files according to the steps in the Editing the OpenShift Custom Manifests (Oracle documentation) . 1.5. Completing the remaining Assisted Installer steps After you provision Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) resources and upload OpenShift Container Platform custom manifest configuration files to OCI, you must complete the remaining cluster installation steps on the Assisted Installer before you can create an instance OCI. Prerequisites You created a resource stack on OCI that includes the custom manifest configuration files and OCI Resource Manager configuration resources. See "Provisioning OCI infrastructure for your cluster". Procedure From the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console web console, go to the Host discovery page. Under the Role column, select either Control plane node or Worker for each targeted hostname. Important Before, you can continue to the steps, wait for each node to reach the Ready status. Accept the default settings for the Storage and Networking steps, and then click . On the Custom manifests page, in the Folder field, select manifest . This is the Assisted Installer folder where you want to save the custom manifest file. In the File name field, enter a value such as oci-ccm.yml . From the Content section, click Browse , and select the CCM manifest from your drive located in custom_manifest/manifests/oci-ccm.yml . Expand the Custom manifest section and repeat the same steps for the following manifests: CSI driver manifest: custom_manifest/manifests/oci-csi.yml CCM machine configuration: custom_manifest/openshift/machineconfig-ccm.yml CSI driver machine configuration: custom_manifest/openshift/machineconfig-csi.yml From the Review and create page, click Install cluster to create your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. After the cluster installation and initialization operations, the Assisted Installer indicates the completion of the cluster installation operation. For more information, see "Completing the installation" section in the Assisted Installer for OpenShift Container Platform document. Additional resources Assisted Installer for OpenShift Container Platform 1.6. Verifying a successful cluster installation on OCI Verify that your cluster was installed and is running effectively on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Procedure From the Hybrid Cloud Console, go to Clusters > Assisted Clusters and select your cluster's name. Check that the Installation progress bar is at 100% and a message displays indicating "Installation completed successfully". To access the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click the provided Web Console URL. Go to the Nodes menu page. Locate your node from the Nodes table. From the Overview tab, check that your node has a Ready status. Select the YAML tab. Check the labels parameter, and verify that the listed labels apply to your configuration. For example, the topology.kubernetes.io/region=us-sanjose-1 label indicates in what OCI region the node was deployed. 1.7. Troubleshooting the installation of a cluster on OCI If you experience issues with using the Assisted Installer to install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), read the following sections to troubleshoot common problems. The Ingress Load Balancer in OCI is not at a healthy status This issue is classed as a Warning because by using the Resource Manager to create a stack, you created a pool of compute nodes, 3 by default, that are automatically added as backend listeners for the Ingress Load Balancer. By default, the OpenShift Container Platform deploys 2 router pods, which are based on the default values from the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files. The Warning is expected because a mismatch exists with the number of router pods available, two, to run on the three compute nodes. Figure 1.2. Example of a Warning message that is under the Backend set information tab on OCI: You do not need to modify the Ingress Load Balancer configuration. Instead, you can point the Ingress Load Balancer to specific compute nodes that operate in your cluster on OpenShift Container Platform. To do this, use placement mechanisms, such as annotations, on OpenShift Container Platform to ensure router pods only run on the compute nodes that you originally configured on the Ingress Load Balancer as backend listeners. OCI create stack operation fails with an Error: 400-InvalidParameter message On attempting to create a stack on OCI, you identified that the Logs section of the job outputs an error message. For example: Error: 400-InvalidParameter, DNS Label oci-demo does not follow Oracle requirements Suggestion: Please update the parameter(s) in the Terraform config as per error message DNS Label oci-demo does not follow Oracle requirements Documentation: https://registry.terraform.io/providers/oracle/oci/latest/docs/resources/core_vcn Go to the Install OpenShift with the Assisted Installer page on the Hybrid Cloud Console, and check the Cluster name field on the Cluster Details step. Remove any special characters, such as a hyphen ( - ), from the name, because these special characters are not compatible with the OCI naming conventions. For example, change oci-demo to ocidemo . Additional resources Troubleshooting OpenShift Container Platform on OCI (Oracle documentation) Installing an on-premise cluster using the Assisted Installer	[ "Error: 400-InvalidParameter, DNS Label oci-demo does not follow Oracle requirements Suggestion: Please update the parameter(s) in the Terraform config as per error message DNS Label oci-demo does not follow Oracle requirements Documentation: https://registry.terraform.io/providers/oracle/oci/latest/docs/resources/core_vcn" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.14/html/installing_on_oci/installing-oci-assisted-installer
Security APIs	Security APIs OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 Reference guide for security APIs Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team	null	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.12/html/security_apis/index
9.3. Performing Integrity Checks	9.3. Performing Integrity Checks To initiate a manual check, enter the following command as root : At a minimum, AIDE should be configured to run a weekly scan. At most, AIDE should be run daily. For example, to schedule a daily execution of AIDE at 4:05 am using cron (see the Automating System Tasks chapter in the System Administrator's Guide), add the following line to /etc/crontab :	[ "~]# aide --check AIDE found differences between database and filesystem!! Start timestamp: 2017-04-07 17:11:33 Summary: Total number of files: 104892 Added files: 7 Removed files: 0 Changed files: 52", "05 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/aide --check" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/sec-aide_scan
Chapter 6. Understanding identity provider configuration	Chapter 6. Understanding identity provider configuration The OpenShift Container Platform master includes a built-in OAuth server. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. As an administrator, you can configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after you install your cluster. 6.1. About identity providers in OpenShift Container Platform By default, only a kubeadmin user exists on your cluster. To specify an identity provider, you must create a custom resource (CR) that describes that identity provider and add it to the cluster. Note OpenShift Container Platform user names containing / , : , and % are not supported. 6.2. Supported identity providers You can configure the following types of identity providers: Identity provider Description htpasswd Configure the htpasswd identity provider to validate user names and passwords against a flat file generated using htpasswd . Keystone Configure the keystone identity provider to integrate your OpenShift Container Platform cluster with Keystone to enable shared authentication with an OpenStack Keystone v3 server configured to store users in an internal database. LDAP Configure the ldap identity provider to validate user names and passwords against an LDAPv3 server, using simple bind authentication. Basic authentication Configure a basic-authentication identity provider for users to log in to OpenShift Container Platform with credentials validated against a remote identity provider. Basic authentication is a generic backend integration mechanism. Request header Configure a request-header identity provider to identify users from request header values, such as X-Remote-User . It is typically used in combination with an authenticating proxy, which sets the request header value. GitHub or GitHub Enterprise Configure a github identity provider to validate user names and passwords against GitHub or GitHub Enterprise's OAuth authentication server. GitLab Configure a gitlab identity provider to use GitLab.com or any other GitLab instance as an identity provider. Google Configure a google identity provider using Google's OpenID Connect integration . OpenID Connect Configure an oidc identity provider to integrate with an OpenID Connect identity provider using an Authorization Code Flow . Once an identity provider has been defined, you can use RBAC to define and apply permissions . 6.3. Removing the kubeadmin user After you define an identity provider and create a new cluster-admin user, you can remove the kubeadmin to improve cluster security. Warning If you follow this procedure before another user is a cluster-admin , then OpenShift Container Platform must be reinstalled. It is not possible to undo this command. Prerequisites You must have configured at least one identity provider. You must have added the cluster-admin role to a user. You must be logged in as an administrator. Procedure Remove the kubeadmin secrets: USD oc delete secrets kubeadmin -n kube-system 6.4. Identity provider parameters The following parameters are common to all identity providers: Parameter Description name The provider name is prefixed to provider user names to form an identity name. mappingMethod Defines how new identities are mapped to users when they log in. Enter one of the following values: claim The default value. Provisions a user with the identity's preferred user name. Fails if a user with that user name is already mapped to another identity. lookup Looks up an existing identity, user identity mapping, and user, but does not automatically provision users or identities. This allows cluster administrators to set up identities and users manually, or using an external process. Using this method requires you to manually provision users. add Provisions a user with the identity's preferred user name. If a user with that user name already exists, the identity is mapped to the existing user, adding to any existing identity mappings for the user. Required when multiple identity providers are configured that identify the same set of users and map to the same user names. Note When adding or changing identity providers, you can map identities from the new provider to existing users by setting the mappingMethod parameter to add . 6.5. Sample identity provider CR The following custom resource (CR) shows the parameters and default values that you use to configure an identity provider. This example uses the htpasswd identity provider. Sample identity provider CR apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: OAuth metadata: name: cluster spec: identityProviders: - name: my_identity_provider 1 mappingMethod: claim 2 type: HTPasswd htpasswd: fileData: name: htpass-secret 3 1 This provider name is prefixed to provider user names to form an identity name. 2 Controls how mappings are established between this provider's identities and User objects. 3 An existing secret containing a file generated using htpasswd . 6.6. Manually provisioning a user when using the lookup mapping method Typically, identities are automatically mapped to users during login. The lookup mapping method disables this automatic mapping, which requires you to provision users manually. If you are using the lookup mapping method, use the following procedure for each user after configuring the identity provider. Prerequisites You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Create an OpenShift Container Platform user: USD oc create user <username> Create an OpenShift Container Platform identity: USD oc create identity <identity_provider>:<identity_provider_user_id> Where <identity_provider_user_id> is a name that uniquely represents the user in the identity provider. Create a user identity mapping for the created user and identity: USD oc create useridentitymapping <identity_provider>:<identity_provider_user_id> <username> Additional resources How to create user, identity and map user and identity in LDAP authentication for mappingMethod as lookup inside the OAuth manifest How to create user, identity and map user and identity in OIDC authentication for mappingMethod as lookup	[ "oc delete secrets kubeadmin -n kube-system", "apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: OAuth metadata: name: cluster spec: identityProviders: - name: my_identity_provider 1 mappingMethod: claim 2 type: HTPasswd htpasswd: fileData: name: htpass-secret 3", "oc create user <username>", "oc create identity <identity_provider>:<identity_provider_user_id>", "oc create useridentitymapping <identity_provider>:<identity_provider_user_id> <username>" ]	https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift_container_platform/4.14/html/authentication_and_authorization/understanding-identity-provider