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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule . It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre . It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means , or `` Ahimsa '' . Protesters would refuse to buy British goods , adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops . The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence , and Gandhi 's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence , were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920 . Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence . The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> `` Santa Claus Is Comin ' to Town '' is a Christmas song , written by John Frederick Coots and Haven Gillespie and was first sung on Eddie Cantor 's radio show in November 1934 . It became an instant hit with orders for 500,000 copies of sheet music and more than 30,000 records sold within 24 hours . The version for Bluebird Records by George Hall and His Orchestra ( vocal by Sonny Schuyler ) was very popular in 1934 and reached the various charts of the day . The song has been recorded by over 200 artists , including Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters , The Crystals , Mariah Carey , Bruce Springsteen , Frank Sinatra , Chris Isaak and The Jackson 5 . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <Table> List of finals matches , their venues and locations , the finalists , and final scores <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Winners </Th> <Th> Final score </Th> <Th> Runners - up </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1930 </Th> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Estadio Centenario </Td> <Td> Montevideo , Uruguay </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1934 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Stadio Nazionale PNF </Td> <Td> Rome , Italy </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1938 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Stade Olympique de Colombes </Td> <Td> Paris , France </Td> <Td> 45,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1950 </Th> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Estádio do Maracanã </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro , Brazil </Td> <Td> 199,854 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1954 </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Wankdorf Stadium </Td> <Td> Bern , Switzerland </Td> <Td> 60,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1958 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Råsunda Stadium </Td> <Td> Solna , Sweden </Td> <Td> 51,800 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1962 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Estadio Nacional </Td> <Td> Santiago , Chile </Td> <Td> 69,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1966 </Th> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Wembley Stadium </Td> <Td> London , England </Td> <Td> 93,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1970 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 4 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Estadio Azteca </Td> <Td> Mexico City , Mexico </Td> <Td> 107,412 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Olympiastadion </Td> <Td> Munich , West Germany </Td> <Td> 75,200 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1978 </Th> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Estadio Monumental </Td> <Td> Buenos Aires , Argentina </Td> <Td> 71,483 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1982 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Santiago Bernabéu </Td> <Td> Madrid , Spain </Td> <Td> 90,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1986 </Th> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Estadio Azteca </Td> <Td> Mexico City , Mexico </Td> <Td> 114,600 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1990 </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Stadio Olimpico </Td> <Td> Rome , Italy </Td> <Td> 73,603 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1994 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Rose Bowl </Td> <Td> Pasadena , United States </Td> <Td> 94,194 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1998 </Th> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Stade de France </Td> <Td> Saint - Denis , France </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2002 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> International Stadium </Td> <Td> Yokohama , Japan </Td> <Td> 69,029 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2006 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Olympiastadion </Td> <Td> Berlin , Germany </Td> <Td> 69,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Soccer City </Td> <Td> Johannesburg , South Africa </Td> <Td> 84,490 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2014 </Th> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Estádio do Maracanã </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro , Brazil </Td> <Td> 74,738 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2018 </Th> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> Luzhniki Stadium </Td> <Td> Moscow , Russia </Td> <Td> 78,011 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="8"> Upcoming finals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Team 1 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Team 2 </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2022 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lusail Iconic Stadium </Td> <Td> Lusail , Qatar </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2026 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> `` Take This Job and Shove It '' is a 1977 country music song written by David Allan Coe and popularized by Johnny Paycheck , about the bitterness of a man who has worked long and hard with no apparent reward . The song was first recorded by Paycheck on his album also titled Take This Job and Shove It . The recording hit number one on the country charts for two weeks , spending 18 weeks on the charts . It was Paycheck 's only # 1 hit . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons . It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada . From 1942 to 1946 , the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs . The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District ; `` Manhattan '' gradually superseded the official codename , Development of Substitute Materials , for the entire project . Along the way , the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart , Tube Alloys . The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939 , but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion ( about $27 billion in 2016 dollars ) . Over 90 % of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material , with less than 10 % for development and production of the weapons . Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States , the United Kingdom , and Canada . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Robin Hood is an upcoming American action - adventure film directed by Otto Bathurst and written by Joby Harold , Peter Craig , and David James Kelly based on the tale of Robin Hood . The film stars Taron Egerton , Jamie Foxx , Eve Hewson , Jamie Dornan , Ben Mendelsohn , and Paul Anderson . It will be released by Lionsgate 's Summit Entertainment in standard and IMAX theatres on November 21 , 2018 . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Who </Th> <Th> Implementation </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Decimal places ( world records in bold ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> All records from Dec 2009 onwards are calculated and verified on servers and / or home computers with commercially available parts . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 December 2009 </Td> <Td> Fabrice Bellard </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Core i7 CPU at 2.93 GHz </Li> <Li> 6 GiB ( 1 ) of RAM </Li> <Li> 7.5 TB of disk storage using five 1.5 TB hard disks ( Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 model ) </Li> <Li> 64 bit Red Hat Fedora 10 distribution </Li> <Li> Computation of the binary digits : 103 days </Li> <Li> Verification of the binary digits : 13 days </Li> <Li> Conversion to base 10 : 12 days </Li> <Li> Verification of the conversion : 3 days </Li> <Li> Verification of the binary digits used a network of 9 Desktop PCs during 34 hours , Chudnovsky algorithm , see for Bellard 's homepage . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 131 days </Td> <Td> 2,699,999,990,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 August 2010 </Td> <Td> Shigeru Kondo </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> using y - cruncher by Alexander Yee </Li> <Li> the Chudnovsky algorithm was used for main computation </Li> <Li> verification used the Bellard & Plouffe formulas on different computers , both computed 32 hexadecimal digits ending with the 4,152,410,118,610 th . </Li> <Li> with 2 x Intel Xeon X5680 @ 3.33 GHz -- ( 12 physical cores , 24 hyperthreaded ) </Li> <Li> 96 GB DDR3 @ 1066 MHz -- ( 12 × 8 GB -- 6 channels ) -- Samsung ( M393B1K70BH1 ) </Li> <Li> 1 TB SATA II ( Boot drive ) -- Hitachi ( HDS721010CLA332 ) , 3 × 2 TB SATA II ( Store Pi Output ) -- Seagate ( ST32000542AS ) 16 x 2 TB SATA II ( Computation ) -- Seagate ( ST32000641AS ) </Li> <Li> Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 </Li> <Li> Computation of binary digits : 80 days </Li> <Li> Conversion to base 10 : 8.2 days </Li> <Li> Verification of the conversion : 45.6 hours </Li> <Li> Verification of the binary digits : 64 hours ( primary ) , 66 hours ( secondary ) </Li> <Li> Verification of the binary digits were done simultaneously on two separate computers during the main computation . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 90 days </Td> <Td> 5,000,000,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 October 2011 </Td> <Td> Shigeru Kondo </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> using y - cruncher by Alexander Yee </Li> <Li> Verification : 1.86 days and 4.94 days </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 371 days </Td> <Td> 10,000,000,000,050 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 December 2013 </Td> <Td> Shigeru Kondo </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> using y - cruncher by Alexander Yee </Li> <Li> with 2 x Intel Xeon E5 - 2690 @ 2.9 GHz -- ( 16 physical cores , 32 hyperthreaded ) </Li> <Li> 128 GB DDR3 @ 1600 MHz -- 8 x 16 GB -- 8 channels </Li> <Li> Windows Server 2012 x64 </Li> <Li> Verification : 46 hours </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 94 days </Td> <Td> 12,100,000,000,050 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 October 2014 </Td> <Td> Sandon Nash Van Ness `` houkouonchi '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> using y - cruncher by Alexander Yee </Li> <Li> with 2 x Xeon E5 - 4650L @ 2.6 GHz </Li> <Li> 192 GB DDR3 @ 1333 MHz </Li> <Li> 24 x 4 TB + 30 x 3 TB </Li> <Li> Verification : 182 hours </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 208 days </Td> <Td> 13,300,000,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 November 2016 </Td> <Td> Peter Trueb </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> using y - cruncher by Alexander Yee </Li> <Li> with 4 x Xeon E7 - 8890 v3 @ 2.50 GHz ( 72 cores , 144 threads ) </Li> <Li> 1.25 TB DDR4 </Li> <Li> 20 x 6 TB </Li> <Li> Verification : 28 hours </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 105 days </Td> <Td> 22,459,157,718,361 </Td> </Tr> </Table> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Mariah Carey </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Merry Christmas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Miss You Most ( At Christmas Time ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Joy to the World '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 1 , 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> August 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christmas </Li> <Li> pop </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mariah Carey </Li> <Li> Walter Afanasieff </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mariah Carey </Li> <Li> Walter Afanasieff </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mariah Carey singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Endless Love '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` Joy to the World '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Endless Love '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` Joy to the World '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <Table> List of finals matches , their venues and locations , the finalists , and final scores <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Winners </Th> <Th> Final score </Th> <Th> Runners - up </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1930 </Th> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Estadio Centenario </Td> <Td> Montevideo , Uruguay </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1934 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Stadio Nazionale PNF </Td> <Td> Rome , Italy </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1938 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Stade Olympique de Colombes </Td> <Td> Paris , France </Td> <Td> 45,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1950 </Th> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Estádio do Maracanã </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro , Brazil </Td> <Td> 199,854 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1954 </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Wankdorf Stadium </Td> <Td> Bern , Switzerland </Td> <Td> 60,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1958 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Råsunda Stadium </Td> <Td> Solna , Sweden </Td> <Td> 51,800 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1962 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Estadio Nacional </Td> <Td> Santiago , Chile </Td> <Td> 69,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1966 </Th> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Wembley Stadium </Td> <Td> London , England </Td> <Td> 93,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1970 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 4 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Estadio Azteca </Td> <Td> Mexico City , Mexico </Td> <Td> 107,412 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Olympiastadion </Td> <Td> Munich , West Germany </Td> <Td> 75,200 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1978 </Th> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Estadio Monumental </Td> <Td> Buenos Aires , Argentina </Td> <Td> 71,483 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1982 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Santiago Bernabéu </Td> <Td> Madrid , Spain </Td> <Td> 90,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1986 </Th> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Estadio Azteca </Td> <Td> Mexico City , Mexico </Td> <Td> 114,600 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1990 </Th> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Stadio Olimpico </Td> <Td> Rome , Italy </Td> <Td> 73,603 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1994 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Rose Bowl </Td> <Td> Pasadena , United States </Td> <Td> 94,194 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1998 </Th> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Stade de France </Td> <Td> Saint - Denis , France </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2002 </Th> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> International Stadium </Td> <Td> Yokohama , Japan </Td> <Td> 69,029 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2006 </Th> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Olympiastadion </Td> <Td> Berlin , Germany </Td> <Td> 69,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Soccer City </Td> <Td> Johannesburg , South Africa </Td> <Td> 84,490 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2014 </Th> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Estádio do Maracanã </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro , Brazil </Td> <Td> 74,738 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2018 </Th> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> Luzhniki Stadium </Td> <Td> Moscow , Russia </Td> <Td> 78,011 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="8"> Upcoming finals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Team 1 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Team 2 </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2022 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lusail Iconic Stadium </Td> <Td> Lusail , Qatar </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2026 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> | {
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