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SQuAD
In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."
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e52265706888422dab9ccab06f675941
Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
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[ "George W. Bush" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."
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a7463e20371c4019b1e24c96b38fef25
When did Lee receive a Presidential Medal of Freedom?
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[ "2007" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."
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67451c8b92bb4d35af2588b58ac7d85f
What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006?
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{ "text": [ "Notre Dame" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Notre Dame" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."
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8d960ca32e2a47f5b9b09f71ac7af6cb
In 2007, which president awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
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[ "George W. Bush" ]
SQuAD
Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."
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ba7255ce17e345ba9ebfe39e866b16e5
Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?
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{ "text": [ "Dolphus Raymond" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 755 ], "end": [ 769 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 144 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ] }
[ "Dolphus Raymond" ]
SQuAD
Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."
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9eec5ec7643644aa88886c847b802f1a
Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children?
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{ "text": [ "Lawyers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 399 ], "end": [ 405 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "Lawyers" ]
SQuAD
Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."
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53ca3f64ac0f439994cc87e0e7f5de45
What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?
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{ "text": [ "frilly clothes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1185 ], "end": [ 1198 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 226 ], "end": [ 227 ] } ] }
[ "frilly clothes" ]
SQuAD
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.
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3e85e54904a54090bff26ebc3864b078
What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch?
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{ "text": [ "father's pocketwatch" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 403 ], "end": [ 422 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "father's pocketwatch" ]
SQuAD
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.
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4042b6b94dfa4f23b6272cd4980d2490
Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?
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{ "text": [ "grandson" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 847 ], "end": [ 854 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 192 ], "end": [ 192 ] } ] }
[ "grandson" ]
SQuAD
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.
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a5bb61f6f4094ab89cc1f8248c2049f0
What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?
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[ "her father's pocketwatch" ]
SQuAD
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.
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10a5348b63964867a6732809bf93ee74
Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee?
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{ "text": [ "grandson" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 847 ], "end": [ 854 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 192 ], "end": [ 192 ] } ] }
[ "grandson" ]
SQuAD
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."
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d713298c559a430da5336a93df0798fb
Who turned the novel into a play?
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{ "text": [ "Christopher Sergel" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Christopher Sergel" ]
SQuAD
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."
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cc1ab3f5d0d646f8a9aa730eb54df8be
When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?
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{ "text": [ "1990" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "1990" ]
SQuAD
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."
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0b519dec0b0142a08344091f879d0ee5
What town labeled itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"?
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{ "text": [ "Monroeville" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "Monroeville" ]
SQuAD
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."
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30bf3db80c834c06b055f719edfe6c9b
Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville?
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{ "text": [ "townspeople" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 221 ], "end": [ 231 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "townspeople" ]
SQuAD
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."
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0f598c6f12ef4ec5bac094ebb505134b
During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?
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[ "racially segregated" ]
SQuAD
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."
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b8a8e56e5f874415ac6c2bf33898c87d
Who was Truman Capote's father?
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{ "text": [ "Archulus Persons" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 442 ], "end": [ 457 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "Archulus Persons" ]
SQuAD
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."
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d457da8d720d47508ff915b15f736263
Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?
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{ "text": [ "Truman Capote" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Truman Capote" ]
SQuAD
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."
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773a371ee2cb4d528ecab7c5de69d14a
What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?
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{ "text": [ "Alice" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 851 ], "end": [ 855 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ] }
[ "Alice" ]
SQuAD
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."
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6b8ab7c3d597468ca0053367f2179b16
Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?
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{ "text": [ "Truman Capote" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Truman Capote" ]
SQuAD
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."
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0461aad8fc7342cc8424be6774c65914
Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?
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[ "her editor" ]
SQuAD
Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is." Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: "Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves."
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Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived?
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[ "Granville Hicks" ]
SQuAD
Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is." Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: "Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves."
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3bf939d954fd4d64ab461e8c63a7d83b
Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book?
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{ "text": [ "Flannery O'Connor" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 238 ], "end": [ 254 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "Flannery O'Connor" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
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7b6953828f9b4aa5a959e557ccbcb4fc
Where does solar energy come from?
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{ "text": [ "the Sun" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "the Sun" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
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23b3eff9fd784b9f97b04a1faec7674a
What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun?
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{ "text": [ "Solar energy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Solar energy" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
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12ced96dc08142caacb16839653820fc
What technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun?
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[ "solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
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d691ed97930a4506827db1a019f645a4
What is solar energy?
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[ "radiant light and heat from the Sun" ]
SQuAD
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
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a7db7b74e50e4951ad6bcbaf5d99eb7b
Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize?
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[ "1961" ]
SQuAD
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
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d45791d7283a41bda494a9e1bedf265e
Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?
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{ "text": [ "1962" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 502 ], "end": [ 505 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "1962" ]
SQuAD
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
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dd5e27e4083e4e62aa80ea14140193d8
When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?
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{ "text": [ "1964" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 520 ], "end": [ 523 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "1964" ]
SQuAD
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
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86943acc563b4c708d5f6dde946a993a
What major award did the book receive in 1961?
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{ "text": [ "the Pulitzer Prize" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 301 ], "end": [ 318 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "the Pulitzer Prize" ]
SQuAD
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
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eca7e12b89b543b19c13929d94c2a1a8
In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?
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{ "text": [ "1964" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 520 ], "end": [ 523 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "1964" ]
SQuAD
The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts.
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d281b794d2c643158d5529684f6422dd
Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?
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{ "text": [ "classical tragedy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 183 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "classical tragedy" ]
SQuAD
The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with "a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one’s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed.
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7f8c020b1abd4e9fad64888bd9179d3e
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom?
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{ "text": [ "William Faulkner" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 734 ], "end": [ 749 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ] }
[ "William Faulkner" ]
SQuAD
The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with "a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one’s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed.
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Rosemary Goring connected Lee to whom?
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[ "Jane Austen" ]
SQuAD
Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.
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In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy?
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[ "heat" ]
SQuAD
Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.
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What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?
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[ "Thermal mass systems" ]
SQuAD
Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.
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What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems?
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{ "text": [ "water, earth and stone" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 247 ], "end": [ 268 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "water, earth and stone" ]
SQuAD
Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.
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What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?
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{ "text": [ "reduce overall heating and cooling requirements" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 356 ], "end": [ 402 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "reduce overall heating and cooling requirements" ]
SQuAD
In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who "has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor".
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What year was a statue of Atticus build in Alabama?
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{ "text": [ "1997" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 474 ], "end": [ 477 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "1997" ]
SQuAD
In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who "has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor".
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Harper Lee was given a membership to what in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "Alabama State Bar" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 484 ], "end": [ 500 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ] }
[ "Alabama State Bar" ]
SQuAD
In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who "has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor".
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What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "honorary special membership" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 675 ], "end": [ 701 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 126 ], "end": [ 128 ] } ] }
[ "honorary special membership" ]
SQuAD
Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised, which for many children is what the novel does. McWhorter writes of Lee, "for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest."[note 4] Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave: "I think by calling Harper Lee brave you kind of absolve yourself of your own racism ... She certainly set the standards in terms of how these issues need to be discussed, but in many ways I feel ... the moral bar's been lowered. And that's really distressing. We need a thousand Atticus Finches." McBride, however, defends the book's sentimentality, and the way Lee approaches the story with "honesty and integrity".
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0778f006a7454a528743bfe8cc62a80b
According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what?
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{ "text": [ "the harsh reality of inequality" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 271 ], "end": [ 301 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "the harsh reality of inequality" ]
SQuAD
Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a "repository of cracker-barrel epigrams" and the novel represents a "sugar-coated myth" of Alabama history. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated". Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout "a kind of highly constructed doll" whose speech and actions are improbable. Although acknowledging that the novel works, Mallon blasts Lee's "wildly unstable" narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama, following with his observation that "the book has begun to cherish its own goodness" by the time the case is over.[note 2] Defending the book, Akin Ajayi writes that justice "is often complicated, but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all." Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society, but that it was not written to resolve them.
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dc601c08d1484a9bbeb550852076beec
Who criticized Lee in The Wall Street Journal?
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[ "Allen Barra" ]
SQuAD
Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a "repository of cracker-barrel epigrams" and the novel represents a "sugar-coated myth" of Alabama history. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated". Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout "a kind of highly constructed doll" whose speech and actions are improbable. Although acknowledging that the novel works, Mallon blasts Lee's "wildly unstable" narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama, following with his observation that "the book has begun to cherish its own goodness" by the time the case is over.[note 2] Defending the book, Akin Ajayi writes that justice "is often complicated, but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all." Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society, but that it was not written to resolve them.
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4a43ee8e76ed4e9aa92525cd5b5faa20
Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them?
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{ "text": [ "Akin Ajayi" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 957 ], "end": [ 966 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 180 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ] }
[ "Akin Ajayi" ]
SQuAD
Initial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as "pleasant, undemanding reading", but found the narrative voice—"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult"—to be implausible. Time magazine's 1960 review of the book states that it "teaches the reader an astonishing number of useful truths about little girls and about Southern life" and calls Scout Finch "the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding". The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events, writing: "This is in no way a sociological novel. It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance."
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a811f38af1784a8fa7c301011effa95a
What newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance?
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[ "The Chicago Sunday Tribune" ]
SQuAD
Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex "than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation." Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior.
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8bfb613046514993a4ea294ff583c50d
Are the Ewell's considered rich or poor?
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[ "poor" ]
SQuAD
Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex "than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation." Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior.
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a041f9f089d2485184472bbb2a944a27
What two factors did Lee demonstrate intensified prejudice?
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{ "text": [ "gender and class" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 170 ], "end": [ 185 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "gender and class" ]
SQuAD
Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex "than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation." Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior.
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f526f0798bfa491e93551fdf248c58a4
The children's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what?
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{ "text": [ "people's motives and behavior" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1038 ], "end": [ 1066 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 185 ], "end": [ 189 ] } ] }
[ "people's motives and behavior" ]
SQuAD
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.
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46be8373173040328aac617f12e5c44b
Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from?
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{ "text": [ "the Sun" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 436 ], "end": [ 442 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "the Sun" ]
SQuAD
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.
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47904942a103456898516aca07c85b24
How are solar technologies defined?
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{ "text": [ "passive or active" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "passive or active" ]
SQuAD
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.
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051330ec49664ceeb9750f979da5d2be
What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active?
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{ "text": [ "depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight" ]
SQuAD
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.
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6d39b31a6c584811a9448cb8541f76fb
Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun?
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{ "text": [ "geothermal and tidal" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 389 ], "end": [ 408 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "geothermal and tidal" ]
SQuAD
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.
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e31a46003ad942148b216c03d89d5dac
How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun?
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{ "text": [ "direct or indirect" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 449 ], "end": [ 466 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "direct or indirect" ]
SQuAD
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.
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73d4780b84644f99a52fc68b9083d1b7
According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems?
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[ "70" ]
SQuAD
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.
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6eaca072dab74118bcf0850b342d4835
What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?
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{ "text": [ "sunlight" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "sunlight" ]
SQuAD
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.
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0267d09e87aa4d548acb687d8e5aac80
How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes?
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[ "60 to 70% of the domestic hot water" ]
SQuAD
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.
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bc8cf85212494f4eb5256baffc100b33
What is a common type of solar water heater?
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SQuAD
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.
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8a211e81bc454a1f9f45002cf8d92e1e
What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools?
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[ "unglazed plastic collectors" ]
SQuAD
The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.
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e204102780c74d31a3f12323f0b492a9
What is Lee's strongest style of writing?
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[ "narration" ]
SQuAD
The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.
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beaf82742e5d4267bfb6419093ac655a
What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??
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[ "flashback" ]
SQuAD
In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.
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a705469c00a647a6a7950611dea48a0d
What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems?
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{ "text": [ "50" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 163 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "50" ]
SQuAD
In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.
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e65b2db2a207436b938cdeb52bd4a330
How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations?
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[ "30% (4.65 EJ/yr)" ]
SQuAD
In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.
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991a2f2e79734462abb275912cd9de5c
How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations?
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[ "50% (10.1 EJ/yr)" ]
SQuAD
In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.
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d81c33b8634047268aaf77b23c3a8638
What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems?
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{ "text": [ "Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 224 ], "end": [ 274 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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14709701789f43abb4c00003757a8213
How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive?
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{ "text": [ "174,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "174,000" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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ab82ce22cc9642ef8d41c7197a497c40
What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere?
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{ "text": [ "30%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 122 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "30%" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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257da8889cc3477d8bf272d4093efc22
The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day?
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{ "text": [ "3.5 to 7.0" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 476 ], "end": [ 485 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ] }
[ "3.5 to 7.0" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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72022413e1c8440d93b5b46a2b5c9d48
How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?
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{ "text": [ "174,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "174,000" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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eeb388d3ae854bb4872ba80783aca8d1
How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?
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{ "text": [ "Approximately 30%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Approximately 30%" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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3f647cf7774945c4938ac88321bf7125
What are the insolation levels of most populated areas?
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{ "text": [ "150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 439 ], "end": [ 500 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ] }
[ "150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day" ]
SQuAD
The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.
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65f845c139c9485990284ea2a2f63103
Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed?
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{ "text": [ "clouds, oceans and land masses" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 183 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "clouds, oceans and land masses" ]
SQuAD
When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.
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c39c8ea815d645949a43101ad057b680
Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what?
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{ "text": [ "the neighborhood" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 263 ], "end": [ 278 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "the neighborhood" ]
SQuAD
When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.
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63a819a684e34690954d3699ce922fde
Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what?
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[ "Southern romantic regionalism" ]
SQuAD
When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.
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ac8d3cf7d33440c7b695dec0c7fc4045
Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who?
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{ "text": [ "fine folks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1110 ], "end": [ 1119 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 193 ], "end": [ 194 ] } ] }
[ "fine folks" ]
SQuAD
When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.
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5f197a15c2c240d2ac1f745207bb8b12
What drives the plot of the book more than the characters?
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{ "text": [ "The South itself" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1197 ], "end": [ 1212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 212 ], "end": [ 214 ] } ] }
[ "The South itself" ]
SQuAD
Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.
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6a822663ae5b420b9c27c49603b62789
What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?
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{ "text": [ "Sunlight" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 0 ] } ] }
[ "Sunlight" ]
SQuAD
Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.
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9faae07d64a847cf8683c59e4ab7528d
Who first utilized solar architecture?
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{ "text": [ "Greeks and Chinese" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 185 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "Greeks and Chinese" ]
SQuAD
Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.
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d9f66113583b40ae9d74740bd4c8a956
In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?
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{ "text": [ "toward the south" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 217 ], "end": [ 232 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "toward the south" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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c7a5af27e1a345289d70e16e2f84bdbe
Are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive?
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[ "Active" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive?
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{ "text": [ "Passive" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 152 ], "end": [ 158 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Passive" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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What is an active solar technique used to generate energy?
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{ "text": [ "solar thermal collectors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "solar thermal collectors" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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6a5b3843918c49acb3a7f01ace3af2d5
What is an active solar technique used to generate energy?
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{ "text": [ "designing spaces that naturally circulate air" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 284 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "designing spaces that naturally circulate air" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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What does an active solar technique do?
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{ "text": [ "increase the supply of energy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 368 ], "end": [ 396 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "increase the supply of energy" ]
SQuAD
Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies.
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What does a passive solar technique do?
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{ "text": [ "reduce the need for alternate resources" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 476 ], "end": [ 514 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "reduce the need for alternate resources" ]
SQuAD
In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure. She's someone who has made a difference...with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him."
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When did Lee randomly show up at the Los Angeles Public Library?
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[ "May 2005" ]
SQuAD
In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure. She's someone who has made a difference...with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him."
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What did Peck's widow call Lee?
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{ "text": [ "a national treasure" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 158 ], "end": [ 176 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "a national treasure" ]
SQuAD
A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.
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What kind of system is a solar chimney?
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{ "text": [ "passive solar ventilation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "passive solar ventilation" ]
SQuAD
A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.
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What is a solar chimney?
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{ "text": [ "a passive solar ventilation system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "a passive solar ventilation system" ]
SQuAD
A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.
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dbc2ac54754844d186a81c52a1cc9ee6
What is a solar chimney made of?
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[ "a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building" ]
SQuAD
A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.
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How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?
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{ "text": [ "by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 304 ], "end": [ 379 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts?
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{ "text": [ "154" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "154" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries?
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{ "text": [ "Israel and Cyprus" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 236 ], "end": [ 252 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "Israel and Cyprus" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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What is the capacity of a solar hot water system?
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{ "text": [ "approximately 154 thermal gigawatt" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "approximately 154 thermal gigawatt" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems?
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{ "text": [ "China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "China" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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c88cac8f912848a1af0c906ffeb0eabc
What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus?
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{ "text": [ "over 90%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 324 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "over 90%" ]
SQuAD
As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.
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In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools?
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{ "text": [ "United States, Canada and Australia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 361 ], "end": [ 395 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ] }
[ "United States, Canada and Australia" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.
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e81e3b8e7497488a9abb4ba90d7d3fef
What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?
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{ "text": [ "toxic chemicals" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 250 ], "end": [ 264 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "toxic chemicals" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.
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For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?
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{ "text": [ "to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity" ]
SQuAD
Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.
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0b7fbf5d53244de0a8cf33530baf9194
What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?
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{ "text": [ "algae may produce toxic chemicals" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 232 ], "end": [ 264 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "algae may produce toxic chemicals" ]