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SQuAD
In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.
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b39869b67bfe49489478f59d3b29adfe
Who created an office to study these effects?
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[ "the Minister of National Defence" ]
SQuAD
In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.
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f525f5f64b034e0e84341133d0ac082c
What was the study called?
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[ "Combat-Related Employment of Women" ]
SQuAD
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.
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c0493a02252e4b79ba92d7f956083916
When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?
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[ "1 February 1968" ]
SQuAD
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.
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a985353d88034188afcda0858c9179cc
What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?
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{ "text": [ "the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 151 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force" ]
SQuAD
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.
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c785ca0af82e46939ace60b4c05b43bf
What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?
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[ "the British government" ]
SQuAD
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.
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299be253824248139c4834a3bca887c0
When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
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[ "1931" ]
SQuAD
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.
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b69a2997d4344813a49134b93072cbbf
What war aided Canadian legislative independence?
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{ "text": [ "the First World War" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 801 ], "end": [ 819 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ] }
[ "the First World War" ]
SQuAD
Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.
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d6f437f5a8284cb8887f4c2eeccf8373
What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host?
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{ "text": [ "drastic reduction in its genome size" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 151 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "drastic reduction in its genome size" ]
SQuAD
Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.
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353403b2358841c1bdca79a3f1aceb18
What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype?
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{ "text": [ "Muller's ratchet phenomenon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1182 ], "end": [ 1208 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 203 ], "end": [ 206 ] } ] }
[ "Muller's ratchet phenomenon" ]
SQuAD
Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.
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aa275e0b223249c886378256f3bce66a
What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations?
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{ "text": [ "lack of selection mechanisms" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1420 ], "end": [ 1447 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 243 ], "end": [ 246 ] } ] }
[ "lack of selection mechanisms" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
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441b0b3044d0440683af0c6d454c67a7
Who heads the Canadian Army?
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{ "text": [ "Commander of the Canadian Army" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Commander of the Canadian Army" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
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bd19cd1c0b5045828535d40260856dce
How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army?
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{ "text": [ "four divisions" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "four divisions" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
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2234ec34b1944a0a82dce2b36ceebda2
What are the four divisions?
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{ "text": [ "the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 214 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
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65d4a4a74ce0484fa04d535e8ebfd1aa
What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine of?
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{ "text": [ "the 5th Canadian Division" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 214 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the 5th Canadian Division" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.
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9260bc109b0144209cbbf811a4e01f67
The Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?
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{ "text": [ "the 5th Canadian Division" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 214 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the 5th Canadian Division" ]
SQuAD
All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.
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11dde4cd2f0d4a248352785b006943f8
What year were most military occupations opened to women?
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{ "text": [ "1989" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "1989" ]
SQuAD
All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.
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d0f8db9f95e849dab68a90c2f94078cc
What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?
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{ "text": [ "submarine service" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "submarine service" ]
SQuAD
All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.
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85a2ed9ec12b443d88135e38a4baf1ff
By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?
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{ "text": [ "100 percent" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 234 ], "end": [ 244 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "100 percent" ]
SQuAD
All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.
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20478b7d8e924ff08deafc8645fa3de4
Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?
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{ "text": [ "the government of Jean Chretien" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 409 ], "end": [ 439 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }
[ "the government of Jean Chretien" ]
SQuAD
All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.
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69c9e9ce543f48a1897709a1f7c6af84
What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?
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{ "text": [ "equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force" ]
SQuAD
All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.
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f87c4e4fe8d042d883083746b936f0f8
What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?
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{ "text": [ "Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots" ]
SQuAD
All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.
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ceec5062db6f4e769a4a09ebb8e7f545
What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?
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{ "text": [ "an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 376 ], "end": [ 450 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments" ]
SQuAD
The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.
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8d7820a1ad8648b5a01f94c9734e5b75
Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?
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{ "text": [ "Queen Elizabeth II" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Queen Elizabeth II" ]
SQuAD
The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.
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Who represents Queen Elizabeth II?
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{ "text": [ "the Governor General of Canada" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 157 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "the Governor General of Canada" ]
SQuAD
The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.
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c5bb64a32674484ba922998268852253
Who leads the CAF?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "leads", "the", "CAF", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 14, 17 ] }
{ "text": [ "the Chief of the Defence Staff" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 196 ], "end": [ 225 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }
[ "the Chief of the Defence Staff" ]
SQuAD
The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.
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383c98de231f4d2493154e9ea2b25aab
Who advises the Chief of the Defence?
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{ "text": [ "the Armed Forces Council." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 259 ], "end": [ 283 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "the Armed Forces Council." ]
SQuAD
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
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In was year was the title decreed Eminence?
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[ "1630" ]
SQuAD
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
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Who decreed this?
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{ "text": [ "Pope Urban VIII" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Pope Urban VIII" ]
SQuAD
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
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d35c5cbe21034a41b6877b9323dfc3aa
What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?
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{ "text": [ "Prince" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 176 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Prince" ]
SQuAD
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
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78e1c275be774769918cb092787b891e
Who held more power then the cardinal?
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{ "text": [ "the Pope and crowned monarchs" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 242 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "the Pope and crowned monarchs" ]
SQuAD
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
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5f73e4e6387648ffbd83e66f1ea8dfba
Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?
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{ "text": [ "Pope Urban VIII" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Pope Urban VIII" ]
SQuAD
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.
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How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
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{ "text": [ "27" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "27" ]
SQuAD
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.
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d2960de651fc441ba5e0b548b9d1feba
Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
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{ "text": [ "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 329 ], "end": [ 352 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" ]
SQuAD
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.
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970688128d084bc79b518c8dda3375ae
What is the place called where initial training happens?
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{ "text": [ "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 324 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.
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When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?
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{ "text": [ "October 2012" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "October 2012" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.
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What are the parts that merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command?
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{ "text": [ "Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 111 ], "end": [ 211 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.
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What specifically prompted this merger?
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{ "text": [ "the 2012 federal budget" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 285 ], "end": [ 307 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "the 2012 federal budget" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.
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005e99c071174c9ba0faf3eb66548d9d
What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
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{ "text": [ "The Canadian constitution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "The Canadian constitution" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.
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233c890c86ff45429d25d57ba57107d2
Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
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{ "text": [ "the governor general" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 174 ], "end": [ 193 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the governor general" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.
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e04a30c80f764d85b061dc4b220134bf
What orders fall under the royal prerogative?
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{ "text": [ "troop deployment and disposition orders" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 349 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "troop deployment and disposition orders" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.
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87a4b738f2d64b64b7da68e663e3adaa
Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?
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{ "text": [ "the monarch or governor general" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 485 ], "end": [ 515 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "the monarch or governor general" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.
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2a898738676846f7aad53f5d07845871
Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?
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{ "text": [ "the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 641 ], "end": [ 685 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 125 ] } ] }
[ "the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet" ]
SQuAD
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.
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a2526945ae174f69a490fc45e319ef14
What are some locations of the air bases?
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{ "text": [ "Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba" ]
SQuAD
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.
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fb22ccd8f9d949b4a029b111a9bb6041
Where are the command facilities located?
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{ "text": [ "Winnipeg and North Bay" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 235 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Winnipeg and North Bay" ]
SQuAD
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.
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d5bb214191b04363858d19140851dd09
Where is the Canadian component of the NATO located?
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{ "text": [ "Geilenkirchen, Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 350 ], "end": [ 371 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "Geilenkirchen, Germany" ]
SQuAD
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.
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affa27af404a49b4b26b1f9504cde201
What NATO force are the Canadians part of?
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{ "text": [ "Airborne Early Warning Force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 271 ], "end": [ 298 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "Airborne Early Warning Force" ]
SQuAD
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.
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cd9f13b765d5478ebf5bcfbf0e126acd
What location is a Canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed?
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{ "text": [ "Labrador" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 133 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Labrador" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
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91ec64a38af74e1596c859d401921e2e
What do Canadian Rangers perform?
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{ "text": [ "provide surveillance and patrol services" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "provide surveillance and patrol services" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
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49e68851d1d04069bd2a18f1cd7d4bd7
Where do the Canadian Rangers operate?
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{ "text": [ "in Canada's arctic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "in Canada's arctic" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
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66d0c30674094ea6a0717028400b5478
Which force are the Rangers part of?
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{ "text": [ "reserve force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "reserve force" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
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41f9f7c8256746e89c8a6de2516493db
What do the Canadian Rangers safekeep?
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{ "text": [ "Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 219 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory" ]
SQuAD
Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed). The pope either decides the case himself or delegates the decision to a tribunal, usually one of the tribunals or congregations of the Roman Curia. Without such delegation, no ecclesiastical court, even the Roman Rota, is competent to judge a canon law case against a cardinal. Cardinals are, however, subject to the civil and criminal law like everybody else.
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597c3e6f40dc44e18a8ca1fdaf5585ea
Who is the only person who can judge a Cardinal in regards to laws of the church?
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{ "text": [ "the pope" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "the pope" ]
SQuAD
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.
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74dbe0c1d8e944a8b3cc02c0a2b0eab3
What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?
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{ "text": [ "the Canada First Defence Strategy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "the Canada First Defence Strategy" ]
SQuAD
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.
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cd4878cb0e2e4a2189e8c8bee09cba3e
How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness" ]
SQuAD
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.
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1e1c77b8bbbe448b872cf912d4ef2b63
What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?
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{ "text": [ "loss of existing members" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 990 ], "end": [ 1013 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 180 ] } ] }
[ "loss of existing members" ]
SQuAD
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.
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1064b4fc75e84ffa8749b72efbfeaa10
What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?
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{ "text": [ "approximately $20.1 billion" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "approximately $20.1 billion" ]
SQuAD
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.
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b08e36ba1e85405d9996fb181c8efa9a
How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?
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{ "text": [ "74th in size" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "74th in size" ]
SQuAD
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.
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5a3b8fd26ecb4792aebef207e6c40312
What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?
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[ "approximately 119,000" ]
SQuAD
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.
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b5b350ae82c34687b6f8219df883e1c9
By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?
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{ "text": [ "2020" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 464 ], "end": [ 467 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "2020" ]
SQuAD
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.
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6dda29adfc6e47558867bd085fba21b7
What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?
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{ "text": [ "around 124,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 637 ], "end": [ 650 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }
[ "around 124,000" ]
SQuAD
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.
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c4becd4cc4a34990bdef3ecb6d0c3a4e
Who does The Health Services Group serve?
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{ "text": [ "the Canadian Armed Forces" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 144 ], "end": [ 168 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "the Canadian Armed Forces" ]
SQuAD
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.
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a2755d6c69ae495f933587ea69a4dc30
Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?
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{ "text": [ "Joint Task Force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 341 ], "end": [ 356 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "Joint Task Force" ]
SQuAD
The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.
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4abf038ea9ea4fcf967bbcc46c4c758e
What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?
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{ "text": [ "domestic support" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 250 ], "end": [ 265 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "domestic support" ]
SQuAD
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given title to one of these deaconries.
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69801bf84b28476baaa5703edca404db
What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from?
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{ "text": [ "seven deacons in the Papal Household" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "seven deacons in the Papal Household" ]
SQuAD
The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.
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aafc56a5f6f648d296d493aa71ddf487
What does JTFN stand for?
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{ "text": [ "Joint Task Force (North)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Joint Task Force (North)" ]
SQuAD
The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.
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ebd32427a2474faebb44cfdcd0d4ef5d
What it located through Canada's Northern Regions?
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{ "text": [ "a chain of forward operating locations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 150 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "a chain of forward operating locations" ]
SQuAD
The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.
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8238174e61c548c6826047a8408fe345
What can each forwarding operation location provide?
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{ "text": [ "fighter operations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 180 ], "end": [ 197 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "fighter operations" ]
SQuAD
The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.
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f1277eac23964779876e581072236f51
What squadrons deploy to these locations?
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{ "text": [ "CF-18 squadrons" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 212 ], "end": [ 226 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "CF-18 squadrons" ]
SQuAD
The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.
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89f6e64649a548eeaf733a869fe3fce4
What patrols are organized from these locations?
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{ "text": [ "Arctic sovereignty patrols." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 298 ], "end": [ 324 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Arctic sovereignty patrols." ]
SQuAD
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.
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1c23802274aa4f3580069d4ce0c93ddf
How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
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{ "text": [ "33" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "33" ]
SQuAD
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.
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48a3a8a8de4442d381492a3a30e699aa
Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
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{ "text": [ "Halifax" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 289 ], "end": [ 295 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Halifax" ]
SQuAD
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.
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ba35621c1631495c8e57302a7854560a
What formation is located in Quebec?
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{ "text": [ "the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 342 ], "end": [ 382 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)" ]
SQuAD
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.
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cbd57ab640bf4516801da59269a161d3
What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
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{ "text": [ "NATO exercises" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 495 ], "end": [ 508 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 96 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "NATO exercises" ]
SQuAD
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.
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9961da28c78f49a5bfe8a3d615003927
What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
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{ "text": [ "medicine, communication, logistics, and administration" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "medicine, communication, logistics, and administration" ]
SQuAD
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.
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9ae91a88dddc47d88fdd86093cef6b16
What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
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{ "text": [ "1971" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 165 ], "end": [ 168 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "1971" ]
SQuAD
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.
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1401b7b7bef0444dbb44690c7cb1b18a
What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
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[ "vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers" ]
SQuAD
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.
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3dc67d07adb341f882af2376b1c9586e
Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
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{ "text": [ "the Department changed its policies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 723 ], "end": [ 757 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 129 ], "end": [ 133 ] } ] }
[ "the Department changed its policies" ]
SQuAD
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.
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cfcb1f9578514f0399c3c32657872ff5
What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
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{ "text": [ "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 652 ], "end": [ 690 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 115 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ] }
[ "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" ]
SQuAD
At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.
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d389faae5e104451be60e95ec8e8145a
Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?
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{ "text": [ "the largest volunteer army ever" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 145 ], "end": [ 175 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "the largest volunteer army ever" ]
SQuAD
At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.
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b6cd77d2c8c3498ea452c0d5e475b326
What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?
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{ "text": [ "the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 422 ], "end": [ 437 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.
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09f40f495f7a47daa58a959e53d72a64
Which other country had a sizable naval army?
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{ "text": [ "Japanese" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 458 ], "end": [ 465 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "Japanese" ]
SQuAD
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.
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3782ea5327884186a8ecfe0bc4272fbe
How many brigades does the Army consist of?
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[ "three" ]
SQuAD
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.
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7c85fa695cb04ab19e26e67656cef6f9
What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?
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{ "text": [ "tactical helicopter squadron" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 565 ], "end": [ 592 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "tactical helicopter squadron" ]
SQuAD
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.
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cfda1034d17940f5b646778c2a84cf5a
What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?
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{ "text": [ "a field ambulance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 598 ], "end": [ 614 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ] }
[ "a field ambulance" ]
SQuAD
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-serving of the cardinal bishops.
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17344e9d74ec4360a8ae9e93764b08ba
In the College of Cardinals, the elected Dean needs the approval of who?
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[ "the Pope" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.
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4a8c47a471d341898cb84f71127038d6
what does CANSOFCOM stand for?
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{ "text": [ "The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.
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c4c821e7cbd84569b0f6b0f375da2360
What is the CANSOFCOM focussed on?
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{ "text": [ "generating special operations forces" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 169 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "generating special operations forces" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.
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b42e7c00c613438d8728c7131be62bdf
What do the special forces support?
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{ "text": [ "CJOC" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 197 ], "end": [ 200 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "CJOC" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.
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b29db447821743bb8f2c7e04d8c19651
Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?
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{ "text": [ "CFB Trenton" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 310 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "CFB Trenton" ]
SQuAD
The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.
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428cedba19c24dcf90794ae2aa014575
How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?
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{ "text": [ "427" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 386 ], "end": [ 388 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "427" ]
SQuAD
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
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3b29cef561ca46d89b39f5445192748f
Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?
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{ "text": [ "The Dean of the College of Cardinals" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "The Dean of the College of Cardinals" ]
SQuAD
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
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f96b2bc88d8045418f1ca711f2385693
What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?
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{ "text": [ "titular bishopric of Ostia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "titular bishopric of Ostia" ]
SQuAD
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.
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2b8a5b08659a477285a2ac9329704cec
What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?
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{ "text": [ "electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks" ]
SQuAD
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.
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b6dadd7510344f6188de75fd2bd23889
Where is the Information Management Group located?
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{ "text": [ "CFS Leitrim in Ottawa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 307 ], "end": [ 327 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "CFS Leitrim in Ottawa" ]
SQuAD
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.
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d3559027d0d343c0bf4f2a7f90bd6c25
What is the task of the CAF Cyber Task Force?
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{ "text": [ "design and build cyber warfare capabilities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1002 ], "end": [ 1044 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 170 ], "end": [ 175 ] } ] }
[ "design and build cyber warfare capabilities" ]
SQuAD
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.
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6d8362c6d2164b2da50597dae6143b91
When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?
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{ "text": [ "June 2011" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 699 ], "end": [ 707 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ] }
[ "June 2011" ]
SQuAD
Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.
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92d32baa53ba4ee6baecc4845ccd6f3d
Who heads the Directorate?
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{ "text": [ "the Director General Cyber" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 876 ], "end": [ 901 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 146 ], "end": [ 149 ] } ] }
[ "the Director General Cyber" ]
SQuAD
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal, a so-called crown-cardinal.[citation needed]
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8caca2f97dbf45f5af74ae5312aa0d6b
Who were generally temporal rulers?
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{ "text": [ "French kings" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "French kings" ]
SQuAD
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.
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7c8fa7d3f2a14fb1820e87c0e3ce3f3e
At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?
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{ "text": [ "cardinal" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "cardinal" ]
SQuAD
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.
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e4a624d0fd0343bb8229e36bcfada9b8
How early was this term used?
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{ "text": [ "ninth century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 292 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ] }
[ "ninth century" ]