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Why does my black cat turn brown???
If you’ve noticed a sudden change in your cat’s coat from black to brown or reddish-brown, many reasons could be causing it.
The good news is that most of these issues aren’t reasons to worry, and they can be easily fixed…except for one.
Keep reading to learn what it is along with other less-concerning reasons.
Why Does My Black Cat Turn Brown?
As mentioned above, the vast majority of the reasons are totally innocent and nothing to worry about.
However, in rare cases, the cause is far more concerning.
The sudden discoloration could result from a tyrosine deficiency, copper deficiency, age, or too much exposure to the sun. In a worst-case scenario, it can result from renal failure.
Now, let’s discuss each of the things that could make your black cat turn brown in more detail.
1. Deficiency in Tyrosine
A black cat coat’s color results from a genetic makeup that leads to the production of more melanin.
Besides keeping the coats black, melanin also protects the cat’s skin from damage by UC rays.
And for their coats to stay silky and black, they continuously need the amino acid tyrosine to facilitate eumelanin production.
When there isn’t enough Tyrosine in the cat’s body, the coat starts turning brown.
Proteins are formed from amino acids through translation. Cats need 22 amino acids, and 11 of these are considered essential.
Being essential means that they can’t produce them in their bodies, and they have to get them from their diet.
Cats need tyrosine and phenylalanine for pigmentation. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that leads to the production of Tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid.
Besides helping in the production of melanin, Tyrosine is a vital component in thyroid hormones and neurotransmitters.
While your cat can effectively produce Tyrosine from phenylalanine, it’s essential to feed them from various sources.
Some of the sources of Tyrosine for cats include meat, fish, and other animal products.
Rice may also contain Tyrosine, but cats are carnivores, and rice is not an option. You can also add tyrosine supplements to their diets.
2. Copper Deficiency
This deficiency doesn’t often occur in cats, but it’s worth considering if your cat’s coat color starts changing.
Copper facilitates the production of the pigment melanin from Tyrosine. This explains why its deficiency may cause discoloration.
Copper also helps in the intake and transport of iron through the cat’s system. And it plays an essential role in various enzymes.
Other signs of copper deficiency include a change in the fur’s texture, ataxia, and anemia.
Include liver, grains, or supplements in the diet to ensure an adequate supply of copper.
3. Zinc Toxicity
Zinc is vital for a cat’s skin and hair health. It’s also crucial in the reproductive function and other body functions.
But when a cat consumes too much zinc, it may lead to a copper deficiency, causing discoloration, including making a black cat turn brown.
This discoloration can also be accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and a lack of appetite.
When you notice any of these symptoms, rush your cat to the vet as soon as possible.
4. Other Health Conditions
Health issues like liver disease, kidney problems, and thyroid problems can cause the coat’s color to change to brown.
For instance, the conversion of phenylalanine to Tyrosine takes place in the liver.
So if it’s not functioning, there may be a deficiency in Tyrosine.
Unlike mineral deficiencies, organ failures are fatal health conditions that should be treated as soon as possible.
Like in humans, a black cat’s coat turns gray with time due to aging.
But instead of going direct from black to gray hair, it starts by fading to a brownish color.
But if they’re too young to be turning gray, consider the other reasons I’ve discussed above.
6. Exposure to Sun
When your black cat spends too much time in direct sunlight, its fur may start turning brown.
If you’re not sure if it’s the reason, try taking your cat indoors for some time.
If the coat changes to black, then sun rays are the issue, and it’s nothing to worry about.
It happens to some people too, where their hair color changes to a lighter color when they’re exposed to sun rays for a long time.
The sun’s UV rays destroy the melanin, causing the black color to fade. But cats are always producing more melanin.
That’s why the black color is restored when they’re indoors.
What you should do is monitor how much time they spend basking and bring them indoors occasionally.
Black cats aren’t a breed. There are actually 22 black cat breeds, and some of them may shed their fur, and some may not.
When they’re about to shed, they may develop a slightly different coat color to the one they usually have.
But after the shedding process, the new coat will always regain the usual black color.
Some of the black cat breeds that shed their fur occasionally include;
- Selkirk Rex
- Scottish Fold
- Maine Coon
Can a Cat’s Fur Pattern Change?
Solid-colored cats coats will remain solid.
If they have a tabby or any other pattern, that won’t change either – only the coat color changes due to exposure to UV rays, aging, mineral deficiencies, or organ failure.
Can I feed My Cat With Tyrosine if the Fur is Turning Brown?
I mentioned that you could include tyrosine supplements in your cat’s food.
However, supplements may not be the best if your cat has another underlying condition.
Consult your vet first to make sure it’s appropriate, especially if they’re suffering from any of the medical conditions I mentioned or they’re pregnant.
What you can do is include lots of meat or proteins in a cat’s diet.
Check the ingredients on the packages to make they have a higher meat content.
Besides Tyrosine, meat also provides cysteine, taurine, arginine, and other essential amino acids.
Can a Brown Cat Turn Black?
Brown cats may turn black due to an excess of proteins or amino acids in the diet.
This eventually leads to excess Tyrosine. If you notice this change, try and balance the minerals and vitamin amounts.
Do cats change color as they get older?
Yes, like humans, cats can change color as they get older. Not all do, but darker colored cats can definitely “go gray” with age.
Lighter colored cats also develop gray hair, but it’s not as obvious.
Are all black cats brown in the sun?
Well, no, not necessarily. Some black cats do look more brownish in the sun because their underlying tabby pattern “shines” through.
Long story short, there are many reasons for why a black cat can turn brown, why they look different in the sun, and so on.
Nine times out of ten, that reason is absolutely nothing to worry about.
However, since that tenth time can be a potentially fatal condition, if your cat suddenly changes colors, definitely call your vet.
Do you have other ideas why a black cat turns brown? Feel free to share them in the comment section.
Barry Stingmore is a British content creator living in Fuerteventura, Spain. An animal lover at heart, he shares his home with a dog and four rescue cats.
Barry works with the island’s animal charities to help manage and care for feral and abandoned animals. Alongside fieldwork, he works to support the charities with fundraising and raising awareness. | <urn:uuid:16bbf364-e966-4e6b-a5f2-658d69b20dae> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://catvills.com/why-black-cat-turn-brown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153892.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20210729172022-20210729202022-00557.warc.gz | en | 0.916988 | 1,746 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The way the Census Bureau counts people in prison creates significant problems for democracy and for our nation’s future. It leads to a dramatic distortion of representation at local and state levels, and creates an inaccurate picture of community populations for research and planning purposes.
The Bureau counts incarcerated people as residents of the towns where they are confined, though they are barred from voting in 48 states and return to their homes after being released. The practice also defies most state constitutions and statutes, which explicitly state that incarceration does not change a residence.
The Bureau’s approach to counting incarcerated people dates back to the beginning of the census, when it was important only to count the number of people in each state to ensure equal representation in Congress. Congressional apportionment relied on the comparative populations of the states, not where people were relative to each other within each state. Now that Census data are used for redistricting at all levels of government, the specific location of populations is critical. The prison population has risen exponentially in the past couple of decades; counting the people in prison in the wrong place now undermines the Supreme Court’s requirement that political power be apportioned on the basis of population. The process of drawing fair and equal districts fails when the underlying data are flawed.
“This bogus inflation gives prison districts undeserved strength in the state legislature and more influence than they would otherwise have in state affairs.”
Phantom Constituents in the Census, New York Times editorial, Sept. 26, 2005
Some state legislative districts draw large portions of their political clout, not from actual residents, but from the presence of a large prison in the district. The districts with large prisons get to send a representative to the state capital to advocate for their interests without meeting the required number of residents.
Because prisons are disproportionately built in rural areas but most incarcerated people call urban areas home, counting prisoners in the wrong place results in a systematic transfer of population and political clout from urban to rural areas.
When this data is used to draw legislative districts, the impact is startling: many prison districts have a significant percentage of their "residents" behind bars.
Using prisons to enhance votes in individual districts within one region cumulatively gives the whole region additional representation.
When districts with prisons receive enhanced representation, every other district in the state without a prison sees its votes diluted. And this vote dilution is even larger in the districts with the highest incarceration rates. Thus, the communities that bear the most direct costs of crime are therefore the communities that are the biggest victims of prison-based gerrymandering.
The Census Bureau’s decision to count incarcerated people in the wrong place interferes with equal representation in virtually every state. Our research on how prison-based gerrymandering distorts democracy in the states is collected on our state impact page.
The relatively small populations of cities and towns mean that the placement of a single prison can have a significant impact on their population. Rural residents who live in the same community as a prison, but not in its district, have their voting power severely diluted.
In many rural county and city governments, substantial portions of individual districts consist of incarcerated people, not actual residents. In a number of places, we've found elected officials who owe a majority of their clout to prison populations.
One of those places is the small city of Anamosa Iowa, which became a national symbol of prison-based gerrymandering when the incumbent retired, no one ran for office and Danny R. Young was elected with two write-in votes. A large state penitentiary means that Ward 2 has just a handful of city residents, compared to about 1,400 in each of the other 3 wards. The actual population of Councilman Young's district is 58, giving his constituents about 25 times as much clout as those in the other wards.
The residents of Anamosa rejected this inequality and changed their form of government to eliminate the prison district. While Anamosa chose to eliminate the district system altogether, other places have simply removed prisons from the population count when drawing their district lines.
To date, roughly 100 communities have discovered the problem with their representation and successfully lobbied their legislatures to draw districts that exclude the prison populations. Our local impact page has analyses of democratic distortion on the local level, and examples of communities that have lobbied for fair representation. | <urn:uuid:bc6c7b97-3b93-4dd0-ba5f-d22ba2f55059> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/impact.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699675907/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102115-00090-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95676 | 891 | 2.84375 | 3 |
PORTLAND, Ore. (CNS) – An out-of-the way hilltop in rural Oregon is home to one of the West’s best collections of medieval and early Renaissance books.
The ancient tomes – overflowing with calligraphy, color and shining illumination made by hand in a different era – are worth millions of dollars. But no one at Mount Angel Abbey in nearby St. Benedict is counting riches. What matters to the monks is a legacy of faith and culture.
“Monasticism and books go together like macaroni and cheese,” says Benedictine Brother Christopher Walch, a 30-year-old novice monk from southern Oregon who is being trained in the craft of book preservation.
“The two are good alone, but not as good as they are together.” He thinks of the library as the monks’ communal preaching.
“Books have been monks’ way to engage the world,” he says. “We create a library and say, ‘This is what we think is important. You are welcome to use it.’ ”
The Benedictines have a history of appreciation for older books. Some of the original monks brought books from their mother abbey, Engelberg in Switzerland, when they settled in Oregon in 1882. Other books have been acquired over the years. | <urn:uuid:ec92d306-5387-4bde-93a1-c852fb22b008> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://tvc.dsj.org/2016/06/06/abbeys-books-a-form-of-evangelization-tomes-reveal-a-legacy-of-faith/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573385.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918234431-20190919020431-00144.warc.gz | en | 0.962046 | 281 | 2.59375 | 3 |
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tobacco use, whether in cigarettes or pipes, is responsible for over 5 million deaths annually across the globe. However, it is a preventable cause of death. With that being said, it’s not surprising that, when a new device hits the market that has the possibility of helping those to quit smoking, many current smokers are willing to at least give it a try. The latest device to make that claim is the electronic cigarette. Does this device help those who want to kick the habit completely?
Background of the Electronic Cigarette
Invented by Ruyan in china in 2003, the electronic cigarette first hit the market in the United States in 2007, and it’s quickly gaining both foes and friends across the globe. What’s the deal with these devices? Can they really help those who are struggling with quitting smoking? Currently, e-cigs aren’t subject to federal U.S. tobacco laws because they don’t contain tobacco.
Can an Electronic Cigarette Help You to Quit?
Fans of e-cigs claim that the devices can help you to quit and that e-cigs are the healthier choice than tobacco cigarettes because the former delivers nicotine to the body instead of smoke. According to the American Cancer Society, it’s the smoke from the tobacco in the cigarettes that is proven as one of the leading causes of cancer.
On the other hand, electronic cigarettes don’t expose you to the same toxic chemicals because they don’t use smoke, or tobacco, to deliver nicotine to your lungs. Instead, the e-cig heats up a liquid-nicotine solution that is turned into a vapor that you then inhale. In other words, electronic cigarettes are not as concentrated as tobacco cigarettes, and those who switch to e-cigarettes are avoiding over 6,000 carcinogenic substances.
Those who have tried to quit in the past and have not succeeded find themselves embracing the electronic cigarette, claiming that the device has helped them to both greatly cut down on traditional cigarette usage or has helped them to quit completely. Proponents of these devices report that they experience easier breathing and less coughing when compared to normal cigarettes, and they are not susceptible to smoky odors or stained teeth.
The electronic cigarette, unlike other nicotine replacement therapies like gum or the patch, also offers many of the same actions and sensations of traditional cigarette smoking – physically handling the cigarette and inhaling and exhaling a cloud of vapor that resembles smoke. Nicotine cartridges for e-cigs also come in a variety of tobacco flavors so that you can mimic more closely the experience of smoking a “real” cigarette.
Additionally, many report that, with regular use of electronic cigarettes, normal cigarettes no longer hold any appeal to them. Once the decision has been made to quit smoking altogether, electronic cigarettes allow you to choose the nicotine level based on your current habit and then taper down from a higher nicotine concentration to a lower one so that you are eventually able to wean yourself off. Toward the end, you may find yourself simply “smoking” water vapor – this is the ultimate goal.
Studies Conclude that Electronic Cigarettes Are Successful
Among many, one study in particular found that when participants utilized an electronic cigarette as a smoking cessation method, they were more likely to succeed than those who opted for encouragement and counseling with nicotine gum and patches. Conducted in Italy at the University of Catania by Riccardo Polosa, 40 hardcore smokers were recruited and given an electronic cigarette worth $50.
After six months, more than 50 percent of the participants in the study had decreased their traditionally cigarette usage by at least half. Additionally, nearly 25 percent had quit altogether. While this was a relatively small pilot study, the findings concur with other encouraging evidence and increase hopes that these devices could be one of the most effective tools to date to assist those who need help with quitting smoking and to reduce the global death toll from cigarette use.
Who Can Benefit from Quitting Smoking?
It is believed that an estimated 45 million Americans smoke tobacco cigarettes, a habit that causes cancer, lung and heart diseases and shaves one decade off of your life expectancy. While nearly 70 percent of Americans want to quit smoking, the majority of them fail. Cold turkey, while successful for those with strong willpower, works for fewer than 10 percent of tobacco cigarette smokers. Even with the use of smoking cessation aids such as the patch, medicines and gum as well as counseling, over 75 percent of smokers pick up the habit within a year.
Many researchers and individuals in the healthcare community agree that better treatments are needed because the current ones in place simply aren’t working terribly well. Those who have tried alternative methods and relish in the physical motion may find that electronic cigarettes can help them to quit. Combine the psychological factors with the fact that users can decrease nicotine levels as they move closer toward their quitting date and you have a fairly successful cessation device.
While users can smoke electronic cigarettes almost anywhere, that is not typically the main reason that consumers are seeking
to use these devices; rather, they believe that electronic cigarettes can truly assist them and help them cease smoking for good. When all other methods have failed, e-cigs may be a last resort. However, for many, a last resort is all that is needed to drop the tobacco cigarette once and for all.
It may seem daunting to enter a new product category if you have never tried these devices before, but electronic cigarettes come in many flavors and forms to make your smoking experience the most enjoyable while you work towards your quitting date. Our "Beginners" section in particular is a great place to start. And although many use e-cigs for the purpose of helping them to quit, some simply enjoy smoking too much that they continue to use e-cigs with the lowest nicotine level possible, if they choose a nicotine cartridge at all.
Between 2009 and 2012, the number of Americans smoking cigarettes decreased from 20.6 percent to 18 percent. If you are among those considering kicking the habit and are seeking a proven method to help you along the way, electronic cigarettes may be the answer you are looking for. Because electronic cigarettes contain no tobacco and smaller doses of nicotine than those in normal cigarettes, only water vapor is released. This, along with the absence of unpleasant smells, the lower cost and the ability to “smoke” just about anywhere is leading more smokers to turn to a potentially less harmful method to assist them in tossing the tobacco cigarette forever. | <urn:uuid:f1bb66bb-6757-49ec-b930-4137bb0d107e> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.royalvapor.com/pages/quit-smoking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146907.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227221724-20200228011724-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.950619 | 1,342 | 2.75 | 3 |
What is a bubble chart?
Many datasets contain two or more quantitative variables. You may be interested in how these variables relate to each other. To plot the relationship of just two such variables, usually you use a scatter plot. If you want to show more than two variables at once, you may opt for a multidimensional bubble chart.
How to make a bubble chart with Vizzlo?
Vizzlo’s bubble chart allows you to display up to four dimensions of your data:
- horizontal dimension
- vertical dimension
- bubble size, and
- bubble color.
Use the spreadsheet to enter your data with ease. Read our help center article on how to get your data into Vizzlo. If necessary, drag and drop the bubbles and their labels to reposition them manually. Explore the customization options in the sidebar:
- Adjust the size differences between the largest and the smallest bubbles with ease.
- To avoid overplotting, use transparency.
- Want a scatter plot instead? Set the size of the bubbles to be the same by one click.
- Color all your bubbles in the same way.
Bubble chart maker: key features
- Effectively map up to four variables at once
- Show up to two legends, one for size and one for color
- Show or hide data labels by one click
- Change the opacity
- Add a border stroke to your bubbles.
- Switch between linear scales and logarithmic scales
- Show or hide axis and grid lines
- Custom number formats and colors
- Adjustable minimum and maximum values for X and Y-axes
- Optional legend for categories/groups
Best uses for Bubble charts
- show the relationship between two quantitative variables
- use the size of the dots to represent a third quantitative variable
- make use of color to highlight a categorical variable
Bubble Chart: What's new?
NEW Most of our data visualisations now support SI prefixes, advanced number format options for axes and shown data labels.
Easier number formatting through some changes in the user interface. Showing and hiding values is possible in the same place as you format them.
We added an option to hide axis labels.
We improved the sorting for an even smarter chart. Bubbles will be rendered by their size: largest on bottom, smallest on top so you won’t miss any observation.
NEW You can now display bubbles even if these represent negative values in your data. 🧐
NEW We added the possibility to set the minimum size and maximum size of all bubbles to your liking.
NEW We have also added an option to customize the opacity and the border width.
NEW It’s now possible to hide all labels by just one click.
And generally, we improved the overall performance of the chart.🎈
Loved by professionals around the world
Visualizations your audience won’t forget
Convey abstract concepts and data with professionally designed
charts and graphics you can easily edit and customize. | <urn:uuid:82568d02-b65d-4e9b-830a-3c06b131394a> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://vizzlo.com/create/bubble-chart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323583087.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20211015222918-20211016012918-00282.warc.gz | en | 0.818386 | 628 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Volume : 3
Issue : 3
Online ISSN : 2395-1451
Print ISSN : 2395-1443
Article First Page : 356
Article End Page : 360
Background: Ocular injuries are one of the most common health hazards among welders all over the world. Usage of personal protective eyewear (PPE) plays a key role in occupational safety and welfare of welders.
Aim: To assess the awareness and use of PPE among welders in a tier 2 city and the factors influencing it.
Design: Analytical, cross sectional study.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among 60 welders in a tier 2 city in the month of May 2017.The study included a semi structured questionnaire based on demographic details, literacy levels, awareness of eye hazards, PPE awareness and use with factors influencing it. Previous history of common eye problems faced was noted and their eyes were examined to assess their ocular health status.
Statistical analysis used: Chi Square test, Fisher’s Exact probability test, Odds ratios and Logistic regression analysis.
Results: The awareness of eye hazards and PPE awareness was seen in 95% of the welders; however the regular use of PPE was noted only in 45% of them. The most important factors for using PPE were higher level of literacy and formal training in industrial work as noted in ITI (industrial training institute) workers. The reasons for not using PPE were absence of reinforcement and a non-tenable presumption that they were involved in a relatively low risk task.
Conclusion: The usage of PPE was found to be poor although the awareness regarding PPE was good. There was a large gap between awareness and use of PPE. This study stresses the need for positive reinforcement, education and training to welders to lessen this gap.
Keywords: Awareness, Protective eyewear, welders, South India, PPE awareness, Use of PPE | <urn:uuid:7b71a8c7-1299-4e04-a5be-6d8fd4f6339e> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://innovativepublication.com/journal-article-details/IJCEO/article/4991/volume/147/issue/414 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232259126.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526105248-20190526131248-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962078 | 405 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Climate change, pollution, and the deterioration of ecosystems are problems that are part of our daily lives nowadays. Throughout the world, the development of solutions to reduce the consumption of natural resources and limit greenhouse gas emissions is intensifying. The global cleantech market is worth 2,500 billion euros, with an annual average growth rate of 10.6% over the past 10 years, and it is expected to continue to progress at a rate of 6.5% per annum until 2025.
The canton of Vaud has been active in dealing with these issues for a number of years now via such companies as Leclanché (energy storage solutions) and Romande Energie (development of renewable energies and energy efficiency), as well as being involved with innovative projects such as Bertrand Piccard’s famous SolarImpulse solar aircraft.
In Western Switzerland, the cleantech cluster CleantechAlps is committed to promoting the sector. It helps to support and network companies involved, at the same time integrating the research institutes that are active in cleantech. The EPFL’s environment sciences and engineering faculty and the Ecotechnology faculty at the HEIG-VD in particular are a breeding ground for cutting-edge knowledge and indeed experts. Plenty of start-ups are also emerging in the cleantech sector, most notably in innovative fields such as agritech and smart grids.
Find out more about Energy & Environment in Vaud | <urn:uuid:1d00ac35-24d6-499b-a8b1-53c3056f8fd9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.invest-vaud.ch/key-sectors/leading-industries/energy-environment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499700.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129044527-20230129074527-00579.warc.gz | en | 0.949263 | 296 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Vitamin D is a potent secosteroid hormone that gives numerous skeletal and extraskeletal overall health rewards. Research have also shown that video games can enable seniors’ hand-eye coordination as nicely as enhance their mental sharpness. Correction of this deficiency is completed by standardized and supervised oral supplementation protocols making considerable musculoskeletal sports overall health positive aspects. A study by the American College of Sports Medicine of participants ranging from 66-78 also found that playing bowling for 30 minutes could burn as a great deal as 176 calories.
Studies have shown that extreme sports can boost your mood and your confidence (yes, actual scientists have studied extreme sports. Nevertheless, considering the fact that vitamin D is biologically inert when obtained from sun exposure or diet regime, it need to initially be activated in human beings before functioning. Following playing the bowling game with our mates, I’m convinced that Nintendo Wii is certainly an perfect game for senior citizens! A important to finding a excellent aerobic workout when playing squash is to keep rest periods brief (among 1-2 minutes at most). Nintendo Wii has kept pace with the increasing popularity of Zumba, Pilates and Yoga to keep fit.
Diagram of sports health rewards of vitamin D. An boost in the storage kind of vitamin D is connected with incremental enhanced musculoskeletal overall performance. In the previous decades, it has been confirmed that vitamin D deficiency is involved in numerous diseases. By contrast, Lance Kinder who only started playing at 40, is Britain’s oldest competitive squash player at the grand age of 80.
Studies at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland and the UK’s National Wellness Service discovered that working with Wii Fit games with a balance board could improve balance and help seniors keep away from falls. It can be endogenously produced by ultraviolet rays from sunlight when the skin is exposed to initiate vitamin D synthesis. The active Wii games are especial useful for folks who aren’t motivated to workout as it really is sure to get them up and moving about.
Standard make contact with with your squash partners and close friends leads to much better social capabilities and make contact with with other folks. Show abstract Hide abstract ABSTRACT: Athletes may be predisposed to low vitamin D concentrations, with research reporting a higher prevalence of athletes with a vitamin D concentration under 50 nmol/L across a range of sports and geographical locations, particularly over the winter months. Even casual squash fans admit that it compares to even some of the most energetic higher intensity workouts. As stamina and strength declines, some seniors give up some of their favorite sports. | <urn:uuid:ab1a4bc7-2379-48cd-9cc9-4bf4ecf3e8ef> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.caramerawatkulit-id.com/tag/being.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651325.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605053432-20230605083432-00353.warc.gz | en | 0.946981 | 529 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The electronics industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in the global economy. As society becomes increasingly digitally connected and ‘smarter’, the sector continues to boom alongside ‘Industry 4.0’, which is now having a massive impact on workers and trade union rights. In Europe and Japan, it has been estimated that the Industry 4.0 could modify the jobs of millions of workers (possibly up to 54 per cent of jobs) in the coming years. New technology, such as digitalisation of production with the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, Virtual/Augmented reality, Big Data, Cobots (robots designed to cooperate with human beings) are developing and penetrating workplaces faster than unions imagination.
Foxconn, Apple supplier and one of the world’s largest electronics manufacturers, had almost 1.3 million workers in 2014. Then the company announced that in-house developed robots called ‘Fox-bots’ would replace 30 per cent of workers at their production lines. Today, the company employs 800,000 workers. More than the company’s expectation, 40 per cent of workers has been rapidly replaced with Fox-bots.
The robot costs US$25,000 and could replace up to four workers who earn US$24,000 a year (a standard worker’s annual wage is US$6,000 at the Foxconn Chongqing factory in China, in 2014).
Meanwhile, Samsung Electronics has become the biggest foreign direct investor in Vietnam. By taking advantage of the lower manufacturing costs and Vietnamese government’s preferential treatment, the company built the world’s largest smart phone factories there (manufacturing 50 per cent of all Samsung smart phones) and employs more than 100,000 workers who account for one third of all Samsung workers worldwide. The standard wage for an assembly worker at the factories is US$250 a month (in 2018), which is half of the aforementioned wage of a Foxconn worker in China. The number of workers continues to increase at the factories.
Foxconn’s and Samsung Electronics’ different approaches clearly illustrate the current trends in the electronics industry. China, once the world’s electronics production hub, is now losing out to south-east Asia and India. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are shifting production to countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam, and India, where wages for manufacturing workers are lower than China. At the moment, the monthly wage of US$500 seems to be the turning point at which an electronics factory moves to the lower wage countries or introduces new technologies replacing the workers in manufacturing process.
The world’s top five highest earning ICT electronics MNCs (Apple, Samsung Electronics, Foxconn, Amazon, Hewlett-Packard) originate from countries that have not ratified the core ILO Conventions on freedom of association (No.87) and the right to collective bargaining (No.98). These MNCs also operate and/or outsource labour intensive production processes to suppliers located in countries where these rights are not respected such as in south-east Asian countries and India. Absent trade union rights, these companies enjoy making profit for the benefit of their top management, who are ranked among the richest people in the world.
We must fight back!
The tide of Industry 4.0 will soon hit factories in these low-wage countries as the cost of new technology keeps going down. When that happens, the workers who have no union or low union density will not be able to negotiate with either management or government to protect their employment, or to get access to skills and training for adapting to new technology. Without that capacity, these workers will just lose their jobs or be forced into an even more precarious working conditions at a lower cost than robots. We must seriously ask ourselves, ‘what are the 500,000 ex-Foxconn workers doing now?’
Industry 4.0 is reducing the existing manufacturing jobs of union members and increasing the number of unorganised white-collar jobs (such as IT designer, programmer, cloud worker). It is weakening the workers’ capacity to bargain collectively.
The question, ultimately, is who pays for, and who benefits from, a transition to Industry 4.0? Workers and trade unions need to be part of the decision-making process when the fates of millions of workers are being decided upon. This means that international workers’ solidarity is more important than ever. Unions must fight back by organising and fostering strong negotiation power among the workers to secure a sustainable future. | <urn:uuid:262a13ca-14aa-40b9-8dad-9f5177a22463> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://globalsmtasia.com/more-robots-fewer-rights-labour-trends-in-electronics-manufacturing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943698.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20230321131205-20230321161205-00655.warc.gz | en | 0.944034 | 943 | 2.875 | 3 |
Most of the proposed strategies for reducing "greenhouse gases" focus on human consumption of fossil fuels which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a byproduct. However, methane is the "greenhouse gas" which does the most damage - equivalent to roughly twenty times an equal volume of CO2. The principal source of methane emissions is flatulence from cattle and sheep.
Australian scientists have always been on the cutting edge of livestock fart studies, and now they've discovered something that could revolutionize agriculture, reports the Herald Sun:
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence contains no methane and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who emit large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack pushing out carbon dioxide, livestock passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries.
"Fourteen per cent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric methane from cattle and sheep,'' said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland Government.
"And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they're actually up around 50 per cent,'' he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also makes the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
Read the entire article at the above link. Improving feed efficiency by 10-15% would by itself be a revolutionary breakthrough, lowering food costs and helping the economy as well as the environment, even without the benefits of reduced methane.
Thanks to Ace, who always has a nose for such stories. | <urn:uuid:412adc7b-de0c-4ac4-ad9b-58e97221de4c> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://wizbangblog.com/content/2007/12/06/kangaroo-farts-could-ease-global-warming.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121967958.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175247-00044-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956846 | 341 | 3.59375 | 4 |
50 Years Later: The Columbus Day Storm
50 years ago today, Grays Harbor and the entire West Coast saw a storm unlike any other. Friday, October 12, 1962 will be forever remembered as the anniversary of the Columbus Day Storm. Meteorologist Ted Buehner explains the devastating magnitude of the day.
The lower 48’s strongest non-tropical wind storm in American history brought winds of over 150 mph along the Oregon and Washington coasts, and well over 100 mph in the interior of both western Oregon and Washington. We do not know what the strongest winds actually were, since either the power went out early or wind instruments were destroyed during the storm.
The storm claimed 46 lives, injured hundreds more, destroyed several thousand buildings and structures, knocked power out for millions of customers, and blew down over 15 billion board feet of timber from the coast to as far inland as western Montana.
The Columbus Day Storm is the wind storm that all other wind storms are compared. For instance, on a scale of 10 for the Columbus Day Storm, the Hanukah Eve Wind Storm of December 2006 is a six. In 2007, the December 2nd Storm had wind and rain for 24 hours straight, knocking down power for 11 days to parts of the county, but in 1962, the devastation happened in a matter of hours.
Even with help coming from other parts of the country, it took several weeks to restore power and phone service. Property damage was determined to be about $235 million dollars which translates to around $1.7 billion dollars today.
Could this kind of wind storm happen again? Buehner says yes.
For more photos of the storm, visit KXRO on Facebook | <urn:uuid:e274235b-29ea-4156-8325-e77e990f9cb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://kxro.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/50-years-later-the-columbus-day-storm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187225.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00433-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947654 | 344 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Scientific Research on Transcendental Meditation (TM)
Scientific research has shown that the most beneficial meditation technique is Transcendental Meditation (TM). The striking reduction of stress and anxiety caused by TM are 3 times greater than the effect caused by most meditation and relaxation techniques.
Transcendental Meditation has been taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi since 1958. The first articles about the beneficial effects of TM were published around 1970 on important magazines and scientific journals such as
- Science (167, 1970),
- American Journal of Physiology (221, 1971) and
- Scientific American (226, 1972).
The basic research was conducted by two medical doctors from Harvard University, Herbert Benson and Robert Wallace. This research was made on dozens of American people who used to practice this technique regularly. These people were of any race, sex, age, job, and with different personal political or religious belief.
Later, a lot of research was made about this technique by several doctors and scientists, who wrote several articles on important scientific journals such as
- International Journal of Neuroscience,
- Psychosomatic Medicine,
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology,
- Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,
- Journal of Clinical Psychology,
and many more.
Dr. Benson never practiced this technique himself (Dr. Wallace did). Dr. Benson created his own relaxation technique, that is described in his book The relaxation response (HarperCollins, 1975, 2000), a best-seller that sold 5 millions of copies since 1975. Dr. Benson claims that his technique achieves the same results as Maharishi's TM. However, the actual results achieved by TM are 3 times greater than those achieved by the relaxation response technique, as shown by further research (Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 1989; and Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 1991).
Around 1995, Dr. Deepak Chopra created the Primordial Sound technique, that is very similar to Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation (TM) and can be considered as much as effective. Unfortunately Maharishi's TM and Chopra's technique are very expensive: the price of TM is prohibitive (US$2500.00). Chopra's technique is expensive also (starting at US$325).
Further on, a mystical atmosphere has been sorrounding the TM technique for years, and the Maharishi organization deals with several peculiar and weird projects that stun common people. This has prevented TM to be appreciated as it deserves. Transcendental Meditation is a simple, precious, effective technique that can help anybody to be more intelligent and creative, to live better and to reduce or remove stress, anxiety and other disorders.
That's why former TM teachers have started teaching this precious technique for less. For example check the websites: www.tm-meditation.co.uk (TM Independent UK) and www.natural-stress-relief.com.
For more information: transcendental.meditation.onwww.net/">http://transcendental.meditation.onwww.net/
F.Coppola, Ph.D. in Physics at Pisa University (Italy), has been practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM) since 1983 and advanced techniques (such as TM-Sidhis) since 1989. He has studied brain wave modifications during TM sessions and collaborated in the creation of a new mental exercise, the Natural Stress Relief technique. | <urn:uuid:43439c0a-6b66-4134-88dc-440e9a815d0b> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://ambafrance-do.org/meditation/40170.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609535095.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005215-00271-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940024 | 697 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Benzene is a chemical that is released into the air from emissions from automobiles and burning coal and oil. It is also used in the manufacture of a wide range of industrial products, including chemicals, dyes, detergents, and some plastics.
- Questions and Answers on the Occurrence of Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages
- Determination of Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages
- Data on Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages May 19, 2006
- Letter Regarding Benzene Levels in Soft Drinks March 21, 2006 | <urn:uuid:aeb2f9f5-c47a-4285-8215-39de4d4c5f61> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/benzene | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00405.warc.gz | en | 0.943374 | 118 | 3.046875 | 3 |
I had bowel cancer 4 years ago and now my doctor wants to test the tumour. Why?
Tumour testing, also called somatic genetic testing, may be done for different reasons and at different times. It can help determine:
- standard treatment options
- the likelihood of a hereditary cancer syndrome
- unexpected druggable targets in advanced disease
At diagnosis, tumour testing is used to determine what the cancer is and what treatments should be used. This kind of testing is routinely ordered by your surgeon and is usually Medicare funded.
Also at diagnosis, all colon cancers should be screened for Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome is one of the most common causes of hereditary colon cancer.
Although only ~3 to 5% of all colon cancers are caused by Lynch syndrome, individuals with Lynch syndrome are at increased risk of cancer. The risk includes not just colon cancer but also uterine and ovarian cancers among others.
Mismatch repair (MMR) Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing is a screening test for Lynch syndrome. It stains the tumour for the mismatch repair proteins. If there is loss of staining on MMR IHC testing then the likelihood of Lynch syndrome may be 30% or higher. That’s why MMR IHC tumour testing is recommended for all colon cancers and is Medicare funded.
If you know you have Lynch syndrome, there is a lot you can do to reduce your cancer risk.
You can read more about Lynch syndrome in our Genes section.
If for some reason, MMR IHC testing was not performed at diagnosis, your doctor may recommend this testing. This is particularly true if you were diagnosed before 60 or if there other members of your family have had colon cancer or other Lynch syndrome cancers.
Does this sound like you or your family? Make an appointment with Dr Hilda High at Sydney Cancer Genetics. It is a confidential opportunity to discuss your personal and family history of cancer and genetic testing can be organised, if needed.
Read More about somatic genetic testing in our FAQ section
How can the tumour be tested if I've been cured?
When a cancer is found, either via a biopsy or at surgery, a small piece called a tumour block must be kept for 7 to 10 years. MMR IHC testing can be performed on the stored tumour block many years later.
MMR IHC testing can even be performed on the stored tumour block of a deceased relative, if the testing would provide important information for a family. This testing is not Medicare funded but can provide very important information for blood relatives.
Cancer that has spread to other organs is said to have metastasised. Metastatic cancer can be difficult to treat. Standard treatments often work well initially. But, at some point, the cancer may stop responding and starts growing again.
Tumour testing looking for druggable targets may be recommended. This type of testing is often called genomic or molecular testing. It looks closely at the cancer to see what specific genes were damaged.
The goal is to find weakness in the cancer that can be targeted by an existing cancer therapy. The treatment may be a common treatment for a different type of cancer, a targeted therapy or a new experimental treatment.
Read more about testing for druggable targets in our FAQ section. | <urn:uuid:2e98aa77-b406-446c-a198-bd0c20744d73> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.sydneycancergenetics.com.au/faq/i-had-bowel-cancer-4-years-ago-and-now-my-doctor-wants-to-test-the-tumour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038084765.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415095505-20210415125505-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.957217 | 677 | 2.625 | 3 |
People who eat more fiber, especially fiber from fruits, experience significantly lower risk of pancreatic cancer, according to Italian research. Those with the highest total fiber intake had a 40% lower risk than those with the lowest intake. However, grain fibers were not linked to any apparent benefit. The authors suggested several possible mechanisms for these findings, including the possibility that dietary fiber is an indicator of an overall healthier lifestyle.
PositiveTip: Diets rich in dietary fiber, especially from fruits and vegetables, provide many benefits. | <urn:uuid:c2166373-8364-470b-a197-a72cfa8798ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.positivechoices.com/positivetip/fruit-fiber-and-pancreatic-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00623.warc.gz | en | 0.976465 | 104 | 2.9375 | 3 |
A ship or vessel's voyage can be from one place to another, including the return trip depending on the circumstances.
In her law book entitled Shipping, Elizabeth Portman wrote that the meaning of the word voyage:
"...when applied to a ship, depends in any particular case on the employment in which the ship is engaged. If a ship of war or other ship is sent on a particular expedition, her voyage would generally include her return home, as a voyage of convoy or of exploration or discovery.
"The matter is otherwise in the case of the great Atlantic passenger steamships. In their case, speaking generally, each passage across the sea is a voyage, and the same is true of ships carrying passengers and cargoes across the sea, and loading and discharging on both sides."
Justice Willes, in Valente v Gibbs, wrote, succinctly:
"... when she sails, the voyage commences. Before her departure, no voyage exists...."
Justice Blackburn added, in Harrison v Garthorne:
"... voyage is nothing more than the passage of the vessel on the transit."
Promoting judicial discretion, Justice Loreburn, in Board of Trade v Baxter, Re The Scarsdale wrote that voyage "does not admit of a definition" and that, therefore:
"It must in each case be a question of fact what is a voyage, and in ascertaining what it is a Court may regard the following among other considerations: the duration of the adventure in point of time and unity, its geographical limits and direction, whether new cargoes are shipped or new charters made or ports visited in orderly succession, and in particular whether there has been a sailing from and afterwards a return to the United Kingdom."
In the above extract from Board of Trade, one can replace the words "United Kingdom" with the words "port of departure"
In some instances, statute definitions have displaced the common law and provide a definition for the term as Portman mentions in her treatise as follows:
"The interpretation section of the Canada Shipping Act (1985) defines voyage as including passage or trip and any movement of a ship from one place to another or from one place and returning."
Events of significance in law often occur when the facts themselves are unclear as to whether or not a ship was, at the time of the event, embarked upon her voyage. This is particularly true when insurance claims arise during loading of a ship. Justice Macdonald of the British Columbia Supreme Court wrestled with this in Automatic Electric Telephone Co. v. Union Steamship Co. and concluded as follows:
"In Crow v. Falk, it was held that the time of loading was not part of the voyage; but in several later cases it has been decided that the words during the voyage cover a preliminary voyage to the port of loading which has been incorporated in the charter-party; and therefore in the Carron Park Case, Sir James Hannen treated Crow v. Falk as overruled, and held that the voyage included the loading time.
"It is to be noted, that the writer does not consider that the effect of the Carron Park Case was that the learned Judge held, that loading simply was part of the voyage, but seemed to consider, that a preliminary voyage to a port to load and thence to some objective port would, in the event of loading at some intermediate point, be part of a voyage, as to the goods first loaded."
- Board of Trade v Baxter, The Scarsdale 1907 AC 373
- Canada Shipping Act 1985, R.S.C., 1985, Chapter S-9, §2
- Carron Park Case, 15 PD 203 and at 59 LJ Adm 74
- Crow v. Falk 115 ER 952 (1846)
- Harrison v Garthorne (1872) 26 LT 508
- Portman, E., Shipping, Volume 31, Title 135 of the Canadian Encyclopedic Digest (Toronto: Carswell, 2005), §19.
- Valente v Gibbs 141 ER 459 (1859) | <urn:uuid:dd0af052-4791-45e0-9c97-e4b046cf06a0> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/V/Voyage.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535917663.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014517-00452-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955696 | 833 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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Perennial cereal crops: An initial evaluation of wheat derivatives. Early days still.
Effects of silviculture on native tree species richness: interactions between management, landscape context and regional climate. Encourage mosaics, and don’t harvest everything.
The global fire–productivity relationship. It’s humped, and will be changed by climate change, though for different reasons for different productivity levels. Wonder about the fire-diversity relationship, though.
Ancient DNA Analysis Affirms the Canid from Altai as a Primitive Dog. Bit of a judgement call though.
Genetic structure and diversity of coffee (. Just what you would expect, given the “morpho-taxonomic species delimitations and genetic units.” Coffea) across Africa and the Indian Ocean islands revealed using microsatellites
Genetic diversity among farmer-preferred cassava landraces in Uganda. Landraces only a bit more diverse than elites overall, but half of them quite different.
Correspondence between genetic structure and farmers’ taxonomy — a case study from dry-season sorghum landraces in northern Cameroon. Genetic units = farmer-recognized landraces.
Plant diversity, productivity and nutritive value change following abandonment of public pastures in Japan. The best way to restore productivity (diversity doesn’t change much) in abandoned pastures is to start grazing them again.
Genetic variability of maize stover quality and the potential for genetic improvement of fodder value. You can improve stover and grain yield simultaneously, in hybrids. In theory.
Governance regime and location influence avoided deforestation success of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Total protection better than sustainable use. Ouch. Meanwhile, in the USA…
ICPH 2671 – the world’s first commercial food legume hybrid. Yet another milestone on the road to the complete eradication of farmers’ rights.
Genetic improvement of grain protein content and other health-related constituents of wheat grain. Need to figure out the genetic control mechanisms, and then exploit “alien” germplasm using MAS. Oh, and GMOs too.
Quantifying the impacts of bioenergy crops on pollinating insect abundance and diversity: a field-scale evaluation reveals taxon-specific responses. Diversity begets diversity.
Diversity and geographical gaps in . Now collectors know exactly where to go. Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thou. germplasm conserved at the ICRISAT genebank
Tree species diversity increases fine root productivity through increased soil volume filling. Below-ground complementarity is good for everyone’s roots, presumably good for the community too.
Making seed systems more resilient to stress. Foster informal innovation, but also information exchange (presumably including of the formal kind). | <urn:uuid:8fdda185-5a1f-4313-ab15-6de73bb6bc7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://agro.biodiver.se/2013/03/brainfood-perennial-wheat-tree-diversity-fire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948531226.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213221219-20171214001219-00594.warc.gz | en | 0.855294 | 588 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The threat of infestation of invasive mussels in local waters is great. We need to do all we can to prevent their introduction. All boats entering valley reservoirs are now required to undergo inspection under a new program jointly funded by the Santa Clara Valley Water District and the County of Santa Clara. The program, instituted on May 23, 2008, is designed to prevent invasive zebra and quagga mussels from getting into the water through recreational boating.
The main function of Santa Clara Valley Water District reservoirs is storage of future drinking water for county residents. The public has been allowed access for recreational uses that do not harm the integrity of the water supply. Following the discovery of invasive zebra mussels in a neighboring county’s reservoir in January, 2008, a program of mandatory boat inspections, overseen by County Parks, was instituted.
Zebra and quagga mussels damage native ecosystems and water supply pipes and valves. Download our "Invasive Mussels Fact Sheet" from the list at right. Growing in thick blankets that clog pipes, pumps, valves, water intakes, trash racks, and boat engines, they are difficult to remove and are almost impossible to eradicate.
Zebra mussels were discovered in January 2008 in San Justo Reservoir in nearby San Benito County, the first time they had been found in a water body west of the Rockies. Related quagga mussels were discovered in southern California for the first time in 2007 and have spread quickly. These mussels attach to boats, aquatic plants, bait buckets and other water-recreation equipment and spread when these items are moved from infested waters to another water body. Their microscopic larvae can be transported in a live well, bilge or bait bucket. Boaters can take specific steps to avoid spreading invasive species.
Don’t spread invasive species
- Inspect all exposed surfaces – small mussels feel like sandpaper to the touch.
- Wash the hull of each watercraft thoroughly.
- Remove all plants and animal material.
- Drain all water and dry all areas.
- Drain and dry the lower outboard unit.
- Clean and dry all live-wells.
- Empty and dry any buckets.
- Dispose of all bait in the trash.
- Wait five days and keep watercraft dry between launches into different fresh waters.
For more information on boating inspections, boating rules, park hours, and launch reservations, contact County Parks at (408) 355-2201 from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, or on-line at www.parkhere.org. Park hours, inspection procedures and reservoir access will change with the seasons. | <urn:uuid:8e0e4b30-6c27-4d45-a1ab-0a84e1575f62> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.valleywater.org/services/InvasiveMussels.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737958671.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221918-00193-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932969 | 555 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Elias Camp Morris (1855–1922)
Elias Camp Morris was an African-American minister who, in 1895, became president of the National Baptist Convention (NBC), the largest denomination of black Christians in the United States. Recognized by white Arkansans and the nation as a leader of the black community, he often served as a liaison between black and white communities on both the state and national level. He was also an important leader in the Arkansas Republican Party.
Morris was born a slave on May 7, 1855, in Murray County, Georgia, the son of James and Cora Cornelia Morris. In 1864–1865, he simultaneously attended grammar schools in Dalton, Georgia, and Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1866, he attended school in Stevenson, Alabama, and in 1874–1875, he attended Nashville Normal and Theological Institute (renamed Roger Williams University in 1883) in Nashville, Tennessee. From 1872 to1886, he worked as a shoemaker. In 1874, he was licensed to preach in a Baptist church. In 1877, attracted by opportunities in the western states, he set out for Kansas but chose to settle in Helena (Phillips County) instead.
In Helena, Morris pursued careers in politics and the church. In 1879, he became an ordained Baptist minister and pastor of Centennial Baptist Church, while also organizing the Phillips, Lee, and Monroe counties’ black Baptist association. From 1880 to 1881, he served as the secretary of the black Arkansas Baptist State Convention (ABSC). In 1882, he became the convention’s president, a post he held for thirty-five years. On November 27, 1884, he married Fannie E. Austin of Fackler, Alabama, with whom he had five children.
As president of the ABSC, he oversaw the establishment of a denominational newspaper, the Arkansas Times, later renamed the Baptist Vanguard. He assisted in the establishment of a black seminary in Little Rock in 1884, which became Arkansas Baptist College in 1886. He also emerged as a leading member of the state Republican Party, serving as a delegate to the National Republican Convention a number of times by the turn of the century. When William McKinley became president in 1897, Morris was suggested for the federal post of Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia, but he failed to receive the nomination.
Morris’s career in the church surpassed his political career. In 1892, he received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from State University of Kentucky in Louisville. By 1894, he had been elected head of the Foreign Missionary Convention, a national body of black Baptists. In 1895, the convention merged with two other bodies of black Baptists to become the largest denomination of black Christians in America—the NBC. Elected its first president, Morris held this post until his death in 1922. In recognition of his work, he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from State University in Louisville, Kentucky in 1892 and, in 1902, an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree from Agricultural and Mechanical College at Normal, Alabama.
His position as leader of the nation’s black Baptists earned him recognition among white Christians. In November 1911, he spoke at Arkansas’s white state Baptist convention. He served on the predominantly white executive committees of the General Convention of Baptists of North America, the Baptist World Alliance, and the Congress of English Speaking Peoples of the World. He also served as a vice president of the interracial Federal Council of Churches of Christ.
Morris also helped to develop black businesses. In 1902, he founded the Helena Negro Business League. He also joined the National Negro Business League and became a close associate of its head, Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. In 1906, Morris spoke at the Tuskegee Institute’s twenty-fifth anniversary celebration, and in 1908, he hosted a session of the National Negro Business League in Helena.
In 1915, Morris faced a great crisis when black Baptists loyal to Richard Henry Boyd, head of the Nashville-based National Baptist Publishing Board, broke from the NBC. Despite the intervention of Washington, the rift became permanent.
In 1916, white Republicans led by August Caleb Remmel of Little Rock (Pulaski County) attempted to expel black leaders from positions in the Arkansas Republican Party. Remmel’s uncle, Harmon Liveright Remmel, ostensibly the head of the party, put forth Morris as a delegate for the national convention; however, the “Lily White” Republicans, joined by Jacob N. Donohoo of Helena, a black Republican and long-time rival of Morris, prevented him from receiving the nomination.
With America’s entry into World War I, Morris became one of the Committee of One Hundred Speakers named by Governor Charles Brough to tour Arkansas in promotion of the war effort. He also served on the governor’s Commission on Race Relations. However, the end of the war witnessed a worsening of race relations, culminating with the Elaine Massacre in Phillips County in October 1919. After order had been restored, Brough met with Morris and other black leaders in Little Rock to discuss ways to prevent future violence. When Brough asked Morris his opinion of Arkansas’s segregation laws, he answered, “The Jim Crow laws of the South are a disgrace upon the statute books of the states, for they benefit nobody and do hurt somebody.” His candid answer shocked white leaders; nevertheless, he remained a member of the Commission on Race Relations through 1921.
Race relations continued to be strained in the Arkansas Republican Party. At the state convention in 1920, “Lily White” Republicans attempted to prevent the seating of black delegates from several counties. A frustrated Morris, whose own seat had not been challenged, led a walkout of black Republicans, who then held their own convention in which they selected a candidate for governor.
After a lengthy illness, Morris died on September 5, 1922, at the home of his son in Little Rock. He was buried at Dixon Cemetery in Helena.
For additional information:
Carter, Vertie L. Dr. E. C. Morris. Little Rock: VLC Research and Biographical Technical Enterprises, 1999.
Hamilton, G.P. Beacon Lights of the Race. Vol. 2. Memphis: P. H. Clarke and Brother, 1911.
Mather, Frank Lincoln, ed. Who’s Who of the Colored Race: A General Biographical Dictionary of Men and Women of African Descent, Volume One, 1915. Chicago: 1915.
Morris, E.C. Reflections from the Public Services of E. C. Morris, D. D.: Sermons, Addresses and Reminiscences and Important Correspondence, With a Picture Gallery of Eminent Ministers and Scholars. Nashville: National Baptist Publishing Board, 1901.
Memorial Program in Honor of Rev. Elias Camp Morris, D.D. of Helena, Ark. National Baptist Convention, 1923. Special Collections. University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville, Arkansas.
Ryan, Scott C. “‘That These Glorious Results Will at Some Day Be Realized’: An Examination of the Rhetoric of Self-Help, Respectability, and Social Uplift in the Early Works of E. C. Morris.” Baptist History and Heritage 49 (Fall 2014): 7–22.
White, Calvin. “It Should Be More Than Just a Simple Shout: The Life of Elias Camp (‘E. C.’) Morris.” In Race and Ethnicity in Arkansas: New Perspectives, edited by John A. Kirk. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2014.
Who Was Who in America. Vol. 1. Chicago: The A.N. Marquis Company, 1942.
Todd E. Lewis
University of Arkansas
Last Updated: 11/22/2016 | <urn:uuid:40850709-cae6-4fa1-bf6b-4d818684eb45> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/elias-camp-morris-433/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400193391.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920031425-20200920061425-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.95199 | 1,646 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Napiwon Coat of Arms
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Which coat of arms or "family crest" is mine?
Choose the design you like best, just your ancestors did when they painted these symbols on the shields they carried into battle and displayed in their homes. These coats of arms are real, historical works of art/culture dating back as far as 1100AD. Most of these designs were compiled and documented by genealogists and heraldists in large books published in the nineteenth century. These arms were owned by individuals who bore your surname, and were passed down through the generations from father to son, earning the monicker "family crest".
Origin, Meaning, Family History and Napiwon Coat of Arms and Family Crest
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Napiwon Coat of Arms Meaning
The main device (symbol) in the Napiwon blazon is the buck’s head. The two main tinctures (colors) are argent and or.
Argent is the heraldic metal Silver and is usually shown as very pure white. It is also known more poetically as pearl, moon (or luna) 1Understanding Signs & Symbols – Heraldry, S. Oliver & G. Croton, Quantum, London, 2013, P53. In a sketch or drawing it is represented by plain, unmarked paper 2A Glossary of Terms used in British Heraldry, J.H. Parker, Oxford, 1847, P11.
The bright yellow colour frequently found in coats of arms is known to heralds as Or, or sometimes simply as Gold.3Boutell’s Heraldry, J.P. Brooke-Little, Warne, (revised Edition) London 1970, P 27. Along with, argent, or silver it forms the two “metals” of heraldry – one of the guidelines of heraldic design is that silver objects should not be placed upon gold fields and vice versa 4A Complete Guide to Heraldry, A.C. Fox-Davies, Bonanza (re-print of 1909 Edition), New York, 1978, P85. The yellow colour is often associated with the Sun, and the zodiacal sign of Leo.5Understanding Signs & Symbols – Heraldry, S. Oliver & G. Croton, Quantum, London, 2013, P53.
The chief is an area across the top of the field 6Boutell’s Heraldry, J.P. Brooke-Little, Warne, (revised Edition) London 1970, P 40. It appears in many different forms and can itself be charged with other charges and ordinaries, 7A Glossary of Terms used in British Heraldry, J.H. Parker, Oxford, 1894, Entry:Chief, being treated almost as if it were a completely separate area. In its simplest form it can be clearly identified. Early examples include the award by Henry III of England to the knight Robert de MORTEYN BRETON of Ermine, a chief gules. | <urn:uuid:4dbdc8cc-9b6a-4c36-9dc0-9ba673f61f90> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://coadb.com/surnames/napiwon-arms.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267157503.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921190509-20180921210909-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.94296 | 671 | 2.75 | 3 |
DRY FARMING: Mike Robinson's family has been growing on the Delta for over 120 years.
California lawmakers can't deliver long-promised money for the Bay Delta.
Story and photos by Curtis Cartier
Dawn on the Delta. As the sun peeks out from behind the John A. Nejedly Bridge near Antioch, a small flock of terns flap up to the concrete trusses and rest on a set of nooks in the construction.
Below, on the San Joaquin River, the low buzzing of an outboard motor mixes with the calls of the terns and thethud-thud-thud of wheels rolling over the bridge's ribbed surface. The smell of wet marsh air mostly overpowers the occasional hit of fertilizer, carried east on the winds from some nearby farm, while slowly the water world comes to life under the yawning gaze of a new day's sun.
This is morning on the new San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. True, the birds have been around for eons, the bridges are fairly old and most of the farms have been here for a hundred years or more. But the Delta seen on this March morning is different from the one seen last year or the year before. It's an environment which, through erosion, damming, dredging and river redirection, has changed so dramatically that maps more than 20 years old are nearly useless.
It's also an environment on the brink. More than two-thirds of California residents get their drinking water from the Delta, and more than 3 million acres of the state's crops are fed from it. Hundreds of species—more than 20 of them endangered—live or travel through its countless tributaries, streams and bays.
While nearly everybody agrees that more change is coming, whether that change will be for better or worse for California's ecology, economy and health and welfare is still up in the air. All that's certain is that with aging levees, dying species and the slow intrusion of seawater into the overpumped soil, things can't go on the way they are now.
Scientists & Shepherds
Phil Sandstrom counts fish. To be precise, the approximately 50 underwater receivers at the bottom of the Delta's many rivers count the fish, and only those that have been pretagged with ultrasonic sensors embedded in their body cavities. Sandstrom putters around the Delta in a 27-foot UC Davis fishing boat, yanking receivers out of the muck and downloading their data into a matrix used by countless environmental groups, universities and military analysts. This morning, he, along with volunteer Gabe Singer, is harvesting four-month-old data from receivers at Decker Island and Three Mile Slough.
"We've seen some high mortality rates in certain species," Sandstrom says, while the data from the pipe-bomb-shaped monitor downloads into his laptop. "But it takes a lot of work to keep track of it, and we're just not getting the money we need."
Sandstrom is a doctoral student whose dissertation is based on salmonid research. He and his fellow researchers use data from the monitors to track how dozens of species of fish move through the Delta and how they respond to the changing environment. Though his funding has been cut completely this year due to California's financial lockdown, he's still on the water at least twice a week because, as he puts it, "the work still has to be done."
Sandstrom has firsthand knowledge of disappearing fish like the Chinook salmon, Delta smelt and longfin smelt. These species have been pushed to the edge of extinction due to habitat destruction, competition from invasive species and massive water pumps that change currents and confuse the salmon's reproductive instincts, or, in the smelt's case, suck them up outright.
As the boat nears Frank's Tract, a "sunken island" reduced by years of erosion and now a breeding ground for the invasive Brazilian egeria weed, Sandstrom's obvious distaste for the destructive invader begins to show.
A notorious agent of erosion, the plant is damaging to the Delta's critical levee system because it displaces native plants that strengthen the soil locked in the aging dikes.
"The levees protecting this entire area are more than a hundred years old, and they're going to fail soon," Sandstrom says as he pulls the boat away and heads back to the dock at Rio Vista. "And when they do, this whole area could be underwater."
Sandstrom may be worried about the century-old levees, but local farmer Mike Robinson thinks they'll be just fine. "These are ancient levees. They're settled levees and they're sturdy," says the third-generation Delta farmer, looking out at crusty dirt rows that will soon be alive with tomato plants. "We farmers are the best shepherds of the land there are. I never understood why people don't realize that."
Robinson's tomato, alfalfa and hay fields are in the heart of the wetlands and get all the water they need. Thus, he is one of the few people content to keep the Delta as it is, although he admits that will require changes of its own. He believes the Gov. Schwarzenegger–sponsored plan to create a peripheral canal that diverts Sacramento River water around the Delta would be a "disaster," and says his family's 123-year-old water rights trump any other public or private needs for the water.
Robinson views the battle over Delta resources as another clash between Northern and Southern California interests, and he's certain that once cities like Los Angeles and San Diego get the extra water they're demanding, any interest in saving the region's agriculture and animal species will vanish.
"Everyone's attention is on the Delta right now because people need the water," he says. "But what happens once they get it? And they will, somehow. We'll still be here, taking care of the land. But will anyone care?"
WATERY:GRAVE The effects of the Sacramento Delta's fragile ecosystem are felt all over the Golden State.
A Common Well
Even though not a single drop of Delta water makes its way into the faucets, sprinklers and irrigation pipes of the North Bay, the two regions' fates are inextricably linked.
"Besides the environmental obligations, we should be concerned [about the Delta] from an economic point of view," says Ron Duncan, field manager of the Soquel Creek Water District. "What's bad for farmers anywhere in the state is bad for us here. There is an interdependency and a relationship that connects us on the state level."
This statewide connection resides in the water policies that are continually shaped by the Delta's ability to support both its own ecosystem and the millions of thirsty people and plants throughout the state that depend on it. If less water is flowing to farms in the San Joaquin Valley, less produce is being exported around the country and world, and less money is coming into the state's economy. And if more cities like San Diego and Los Angeles are forced to look elsewhere for water, it may be the reservoirs of the North Coast where they turn next with their enormous demands.
U.S. District Court Judge Oliver Wanger knows perhaps better than anyone the power that the Delta wields over the state. It was he who, in 2007, ruled that increased pumping by the Department of Water Resources had led to the near extinction of the Delta smelt, and ordered water exports out of the Delta slashed by 14 to 30 percent. His decision shook California's agricultural and environmental communities to the core, forcing farms to grow crops with less water and cities to tap additional local watersheds and rivers.
Wanger has spent more than 20 years of his judicial career presiding over cases involving the Delta.
"I've been on these cases for 20 years, but they go back even further than that," says Wanger, who comes across as only slightly jaded from his decades-long tenure dealing with this single subject. "You've got 20 million people in water districts with contracts for huge amounts of water. You've also got animals like the smelt that need to be preserved. All these parties can't agree, and I don't see that changing anytime soon.
"Even throwing money at the problem doesn't help, because no one can agree on how to spend it. Eventually, I think it may come down to fish versus humans."
River to Redemption
None of the Delta's problems happened overnight. It took more than 41 years of annually increased pumping by the Department of Water Resources, Central Valley Project and others before salt water began seeping into the soils around Antioch and Pittsburgh. It took mismanagement by the Department of Fish and Game which, in 2005, played down any problem with local fisheries, claiming it was impossible to know if species like the Delta smelt were in danger. And it took decades of shortsighted planning by California cities, both northern and southern, which never invested in water conservation strategies like storm-water recharge and water recycling, instead demanding more and more exported water to support their booming populations.
Blame, it seems, is the most abundant resource coming out of the Delta these days. But blame won't repair the decrepit levees or restock the depleted fisheries. Instead constructive solutions are needed that provide for farmers, wildlife and residents alike.
The peripheral canal vilified by Robinson and other Delta farmers is the most popular single solution on the lips of lawmakers today. If built, this 42-mile canal would divert billions of gallons of Sacramento River water around the Delta. Robinson and some others who live in the heart of the wetlands say any decrease in water flowing through the region could turn it into a stagnant swamp. But Schwarzenegger and several other powerful lawmakers argue it would eliminate the need for the fish-killing, current-changing pumps and, overall, would be an improvement for the ecosystem while at the same time making more water available for the rest of the state.
But such a canal was shot down once before in 1982. And with a price tag that could reach $17 billion, and construction times measuring several years by every account, any harm or benefit from the canal may come too late.
Groups like the Sierra Club contend that a host of steps are needed throughout both the Delta and the state if any hope exists in saving the fragile ecosystem.
"First, we need to reduce the exports of water coming out of the Delta," says Jim Metropulos, a senior advocate with the Sierra Club. "We need efforts to reduce pollution runoff. We need programs to help species like salmon and the smelt. We need to be restoring habitat and planting trees at the river's edge. And we need cities to step up and do their part in recycling water and conserving water."
Yet even if every one of Metropulos' solutions is enacted, and even if the peripheral canal is installed in record time and is everything it's hyped to be, at the end of the day there is no way to change the Delta back into what it was before California demanded its resources.
In today's new Delta, the people's right to live, farm and drink is not separate from the environment's ability to sustain itself, but instead dependent on it. The only certainty is that when the sun rises tomorrow it will be shining on a changed Delta.
Send a letter to the editor about this story. | <urn:uuid:ec571e4f-3e41-4962-9682-8674a1b47c4f> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.metroactive.com/bohemian/04.01.09/feature-0913.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549436316.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728002503-20170728022503-00155.warc.gz | en | 0.963621 | 2,356 | 2.890625 | 3 |
I am going to make a Velomobile. I have built 5 different recumbent trikes. Now I am going to take one of my trikes and build an airodynamic shell around it to make a velomobile.
Here is the official definition of a velomobile.
Velomobile: A velomobile or bicycle car is a human-powered vehicle, enclosed for aerodynamic advantage and protection from weather and collisions. They are derived from recumbent bicycles and tricycles, with the addition of a full fairing (aerodynamic shell).
Thursday, December 1, 2011
Here is what we are starting from
Here is the recumbent trike I built. It is powered by pedals and an electric hub motor.
This trike is going to be the chassis for the velomobile I am going to build. | <urn:uuid:cf4d7cdf-94ce-4ee8-a990-0f19aff8a41c> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://diyvelomobile.blogspot.com/2011/12/here-is-what-we-are-starting-from.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824525.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213054204-20181213075704-00309.warc.gz | en | 0.963735 | 177 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Three themes of ongoing research: forecasting polar bear and walrus population response to changing marine ecosystems; measuring wildlife population changes in the Arctic coastal plain, and wildlife communities in the boreal-Arctic transition zone.
Published and nonconfidential unpublished coal data from wells in Alaska. Includes well locations, depth and thickness of coal in well, formation type and name, and business administrative information such as permit numbers.
Changes in both the ocean and coastal ecosystems may have negative effects on sea otter populations in the coastal Northwest and Alaska. A study underway will examine these factors and the overall health of sea otter populations.
Accelerating loss of mass, weakening correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and increasing mass turnover likely are the result of changes to warmer and drier climate conditions that are affecting three well-studied glaciers.
Collection of six short papers related to the mercury geochemical society, the study of mercury in coal, concentrations in sediment, soil, water, and fish collected near mercury and gold mines, and volanic emissions of mercury. | <urn:uuid:e08d4665-8854-4937-8278-d9863bff0cb7> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.usgs.gov/science/science.php?term=fUS02&type=place&b=20&n=10&order=alpha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206118.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00226-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916037 | 215 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A curious mind is one of the greatest assets to becoming a lifelong learner. With a curious mind you’re more likely to question, ponder, explore, and extend what you might already know. Being a lifelong learner allows you to see the benefit of failure while holding the drive to keep trying, and eventually persevere.
In Fall 2018, the Lyme Early Education Foundation (LEEF) is offering an after-school science club, Curious Minds, on designated Tuesdays from 3:15pm to 4:30pm for students in grades 1 through 4. Curious Minds aims to be an activity that promotes science education through inquiry-based learning and allows students to further develop their scientific minds. Led by third grade teacher, Trisha Gautreau, participants this semester will explore patterns in nature and engineering and design.
Enrollment is limited to 20 students per grade group and will be confirmed only after a completed registration form and full payment is received.
Grades 3 & 4
Grades 1 & 2
Session One: Patterns in Nature
Session Two: Engineering & Design
Stay tuned for information on the exciting sessions that will be offered in Spring 2019, which include exploring vital human organs (heart, brain, lungs, teeth) and data collection and analysis (peep parachutes, catapults and hoops, and more!). | <urn:uuid:6d7865c2-9a44-4803-a080-a3eddfd0dc13> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.lymeschool.org/o/lymeschool/article/58780 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487617599.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20210615053457-20210615083457-00086.warc.gz | en | 0.941979 | 273 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The Reverend George Washington Gale was born in Stanford, New York in 1789, the youngest of nine children — seven girls and two boys. He had a difficult childhood; both of his parents passed away by the time he was nine years old, forcing one of his elder sisters to raise him. In his autobiography, he speaks fondly of his only brother, Josiah, to whom he was very much attached. Josiah was one of the few male influences that George had, and his passing when George was only 20 years old had a deep emotional impact on him.
Gale initially entered college at Union, but struggled due to poor health (a stomach disorder called dyspepsia) and finances. He instead left to travel on horseback between upstate New York towns and teach at local schools. It was these travels that influenced much of Gale’s future philosophy — it was on one of these trips that he embraced religion for the first time. Gale did eventually graduate from Union College in 1814, and then from the Presbyterian affiliated Princeton Theological Seminary in 1819.
In 1816, while taking a break from his studies at Princeton, Gale was ordained into the Presbyterian ministry. After completing a variety of religious assignments, George settled down to his own pastorate in Adams County, New York in 1820. In this area, known as the “Burned-Over District” due to its religious revivalism, George Washington Gale mentored the infamous Charles Grandison Finney, the influential leader of the religious “Great Awakening” of the 1820s. By the mid 1820s, though, Gale had discovered an innovative new method by which to spread the gospel.
After returning from a health related trip to Virginia, Gale became interested on the concept of a religious manual labor college and he began to develop the mold for one that would eventually become Knox College. His first experiment with manual labor education, the Oneida Institute, was the tangible inspiration for a similar institution further west. By completing a pre-determined amount of manual labor for the college each day, students could afford to pay their way through school; it eliminated the need for the “evil” of charity, and produced hearty young men unaffected by the debilitating physical and mental atrophy facilitated by dedication to one’s studies alone.
George Washington Gale both formulated the idea for Knox College and Galesburg and was instrumental in making it a reality. His “Circular and Plan” provided subscriptions from prospective settlers that allowed him and his appointed executive committee to purchase the land that would become Galesburg and the home of the college. George Washington Gale was the founder of Galesburg and Knox college, as well as a trustee and professor at the latter; he was influential in administration of the college up into his death in 1861. | <urn:uuid:c7bceda6-5830-467b-a431-1263c6dd68a4> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://blog.knox.edu/history/?p=15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461864121714.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428172201-00147-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986974 | 577 | 3.15625 | 3 |
1934 college football season
The 1934 college football season saw the addition of not one, but two New Year's Day football games to rival the venerable Rose Bowl. On February 15, Warren V. Miller and Joseph M. Cousins had organized the New Orleans Mid-Winter Sports Association and by October, the group had enough funds to sponsor the Sugar Bowl. Meanwhile, W. Keith Phillips and the Greater Miami Athletic Club worked in November at a January 1 game for Florida, and the Orange Bowl was created.
|1934 college football season|
|Number of bowls||3|
|Bowl games||January 1, 1935|
|Champion||Alabama Crimson Tide|
Minnesota Golden Gophers
Once again, a Big Ten team was selected by Professor Dickinson (of the University of Illinois) as the national champion, with the undefeated Minnesota Golden Gophers being accorded the honor. The conference, however, still had a bar against its members playing in the postseason, so Minnesota did not play in any of the bowl games. The undefeated and eventual Rose Bowl Champion Alabama Crimson Tide was selected national champions by Dunkel, Williamson and Football Thesaurus.
Conference and program changesEdit
- Indiana Intercollegiate Conference - active through the 1947 season, this season marked the first season the conference sanctioned football (the conference was founded in 1922).
|School||1933 Conference||1934 Conference|
|Butler Bulldogs||Missouri Valley||Indiana|
|Loyola (MD) Greyhounds||Independent||Dropped Program|
September 29 Minnesota beat North Dakota State 56-12 and Illinois beat Bradley 40-7. Alabama beat Samford 24-0, and Tulane beat UT-Chattanooga 41-0. Rice and LSU played to a 9-9 tie while Stanford and Santa Clara tied 7-7. Navy defeated William & Mary 20-7 while Pittsburgh beat Washington & Jefferson 26-6.
October 6 Navy beat Virginia 21-6 in a game in Washington, DC. In New Orleans, Tulane beat Auburn 13-0. At Portland, Stanford beat Oregon State 17-0. Columbia opened its season in New York with a 12-6 win over Yale, and Colgate beat St. Lawrence 32-0. Pittsburgh won at West Virginia 27-6. Ohio State beat Indiana 33-0. Rice won at Purdue 14-0.
October 13 Illinois beat Ohio State 14-13. Stanford beat visiting Northwestern 20-0. Pittsburgh defeated visiting USC 20-6. Alabama defeated Mississippi State 41-0, Rice defeated SMU 9-0, and Tulane won at Florida 28-12. Navy defeated Maryland 16-13, Colgate beat St. Bonaventure 62-0 and Columbia beat VMI 29-6.
October 20 Minnesota won at Pittsburgh, 13-7. Ohio State defeated visiting Colgate 10-7. Navy beat Columbia 18-7. Alabama and Tennessee, both 3-0-0, met in Birmingham, with Bama winning 13-6. Tulane edged visiting Georgia 7-6. In Omaha, Rice beat Creighton University 47-13. Stanford beat USF at San Francisco, 3-0.
October 27 Alabama beat Georgia 26-6 at Birmingham, while in New Orleans, Tulane beat Georgia Tech 20-12. Rice stayed unbeaten with a 20-9 win over visiting Texas. Minnesota won at Iowa 48-12, . Illinois won at Michigan 7-6, and Ohio State won at Northwestern 28-6. Stanford registered its fourth shutout, a 16-0 win over USC. Navy won at Penn, Colgate won at Holy Cross 20-7 and Columbia beat visiting Penn State 14-7. Pittsburgh beat host school Westminster College of Pennsylvania, 30-0
November 3 Pitt (4-1-0) and Notre Dame (3-0-0) met in Pittsburgh, with the Panthers winning 19-0. Minnesota beat Michigan 34-0. In Cleveland, Ohio State won at Western Reserve 76-0. Illinois beat Army 7-0. Alabama won at Kentucky 34-14. Rice beat Texas A&I 27-0. Tulane beat Ole Miss 15-0. In Los Angeles, Stanford beat UCLA 27-0. Columbia defeated Cornell 14-0 and Navy beat Washington & Lee 26-0.
November 10 At Yankee Stadium, Tulane (6-0-0) faced Colgate (3-1-0), with the Red Raiders handing the Green Wave their first loss, 20-6. In a meeting of unbeaten teams, Stanford (7-0-1) hosted Washington (4-0-0) and had a sixth straight shutout 24-0. Over in Cleveland, Navy beat Notre Dame 10-6. Pittsburgh won at Nebraska 25-6. Minnesota beat Indiana 30-0, Illinois won at Northwestern 14-3, and Ohio State beat Chicago 33-0 Alabama beat Clemson 40-0 and Rice won at Arkansas 7-0. Columbia beat Brown 39-0
Minnesota beat Chicago 35-7 and Ohio State defeated Michigan 34-0. Previously unbeaten (6-0-0) Illinois was upset at Madison when it faced a (3-3-0) Wisconsin Badgers team, falling 7-3. Alabama defeated Georgia Tech 40-0, while Tulane won at Kentucky 20-7. Stanford beat the Olympic Club team 40-0, and had a record of 192-7 against its opponents to that time. Colgate won at Syracuse 13-2 and Columbia edged Penn 13-12. Rice beat Texas A&M 25-6. Yale's 11 "Iron Men" (they played the entire game with no substitutions) upset Princeton 7-0 at Princeton.
November 24 Minnesota won at Wisconsin 34-0, Ohio State beat Iowa 40-7, and Illinois won at Chicago 7-1. Stanford clinched a trip to the Rose Bowl with a 9-7 win at California. Colgate beat Rutgers 14-0. Tulane beat Sewanee 32-0. Columbia (7-1-0) beat Syracuse (6-1-0) in a Sunday game 12-0. In Houston, previously unbeaten (8-0-1) Rice hosted (6-3-0) Texas Christian (TCU) and was upset, 7-2.
On Thanksgiving Day, November 29, Alabama beat Vanderbilt in Birmingham, 34-0, and was invited soon after to meet Stanford at the Rose Bowl. Pittsburgh beat crosstown rival Carnegie Tech, 20-0, and Kansas State beat Nebraska 19-7 to clinch the Big Six Conference championship.
December 1 In Louisiana, Tulane (8-1-0) and LSU (6-0-2) faced each other in Baton Rouge. Both teams were likely hosts for the first Sugar Bowl in New Orleans, and Tulane edged the Tigers 13-12 to become the host team, where it would face 7-0-2 Temple University. Rice ended at 9-1-1 with a 32-0 win at Baylor. Colgate closed its season with a 20-13 win in Providence against Brown. At the Army–Navy Game, held in Philadelphia, Navy (7-1-0) beat Army (7-2-0) on a field goal, 3-0.
The following is a potentially incomplete list of conference standings:
The first ever published AP Poll came in 1934. However, this was a one time event and the AP sportswriters' poll would not be continuously until 1936. Frank G. Dickinson, an economics professor at the University of Illinois, had invented the Dickinson System to rank colleges based upon their records and the strength of their opposition. The Rissman Trophy, and later the Rockne Memorial Trophy, was awarded to the winning university.
In an AP story with the caption "Figure This Out!", the system was explained: "For each victory of a first division team over another first division team, the winner gets 30 points and the loser 15 points. For each tie between two first division teams, each team gets 22.5 points. For each victory of a first division team over a second division team, the first division winner gets 20 points and the second division loser 10 points. For each tie between two second division teams, each gets 15 points. For each tie between a first division team and a second division team, the first division team gets 15 points and the second division team gets 20 points. Then, after each team has been given its quota of points its final "score" is tabulated by taking an average on the number of games played."
Final Dickinson rankingsEdit
|8 (t)||Ohio State||7–1–1||21.06|
|Bowl||Winning team||Losing team|
|Rose Bowl||#6 Alabama||29||#10 Stanford||13|
|Sugar Bowl||#11 Tulane||20||Temple||14|
|Orange Bowl||Bucknell||26||Miami (FL)||0|
|Sun Bowl||El Paso All-Stars||25||Ranger (Texas)||21|
- played with non-collegiate teams
Rankings from the Dickinson System
In the first Sugar Bowl game, Tulane (9–1) hosted unbeaten Temple (7–0–2) before a crowd of 30,000 in New Orleans. Temple took a 14–0 lead before Tulane came back to win the game, 20–14. Temple had closed its season with a scoreless tie against Bucknell, which finished at 6–2–2, and the Bison were invited to play the Miami Hurricanes in the first Orange Bowl. The 'Canes best days were still ahead of them, and they made only three first downs altogether. Although 15,000 were expected, only 5,000 turned out to watch Bucknell beat Miami, 26–0.
The big game remained the Rose Bowl with Stanford, at 9–0–1, and Alabama, at 9–0. With both teams unbeaten, a crowd of 85,000 turned out in Pasadena to watch them. Stanford led 7–0 in the first quarter, but Alabama scored 22 points in the second, with the help of quarterback Dixie Howell and future Pro Football Hall of Fame Don Hutson, with Alabama winning, 29–14. The Sun Bowl was given a test drive with non-collegiate teams, as the El Paso All-Stars beating the visiting Ranger Bulldogs, 25–21, before a crowd of 3,000 in El Paso. In Honolulu, the Hawaii team beat vacationing California, 14–0, and in Houston, Tuskegee beat Prairie View State, 15–6, in a New Year's Day game for negro colleges
Awards and honorsEdit
The consensus All-America team included:
|QB||Bobby Grayson||5'11"||195||Jr.||Portland Oregon||Stanford|
|HB||Dixie Howell||5'11"||164||Sr.||Hartford, Alabama||Alabama|
|HB||Buzz Borries||6'0"||175||Sr.||Louisville, Kentucky||Navy|
|FB||Pug Lund||5'11"||185||Sr.||Rice Lake, Wisconsin||Minnesota|
|E||Don Hutson||6'1"||183||Sr.||Pine Bluff, Arkansas||Alabama|
|T||Bill Lee||6'2"||231||Sr.||Eutaw, Alabama||Alabama|
|G||Chuck Hartwig||Sr.||Wileyville, West Virginia||Pittsburgh|
|C||Jack Robinson||Sr.||Long Island, New York||Notre Dame|
|C||Darrell Lester||6'3"||218||Jr.||Jacksboro, Texas||TCU|
|C||George Shotwell||6'2"||159||Sr.||Hanover Township, Pennsylvania||Pittsburgh|
|G||Bill Bevan||Sr.||St. Paul, Minnesota||Minnesota|
|T||Bob Reynolds||6'4"||220||Jr.||Okmulgee, Oklahoma||Stanford|
|E||Frank Larson||Sr.||Duluth, Minnesota||Minnesota|
- "1934 Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Year Summary". SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2009-12-29.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2009-01-06.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- Nissenson, Herschel (2001). Tales From College Football's Sidelines. Sports Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 1-58261-327-3.
- "Grid Season Put In Hands 'Brain Trust'," The Evening Tribune (Albert Lea, Minn.) Nov. 27, 1934, p12
- "Name Gophers National Champs," Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, Wis.), December 9, 1934, p22
- "Tulane Victory Assures More N.O. Games," San Antonio Light, January 2, 1935, p10
- "Bucknell Wins Game At Miami," Charleston (WV) Daily Mail, Jan. 2, 1935, p8
- "Alabama Passes Thrill West Coast," San Antonio Light, January 2, 1935, p10
- "Football Results," San Antonio Light, Jan. 2, 1935, p11 | <urn:uuid:d4b16bf8-820c-4eed-97ff-9b8e4babd49b> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_college_football_season | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578675477.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424234327-20190425020327-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.896882 | 2,842 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Saturday, March 3, 2012
|Turn a plastic comb into a "magic wand" and explore the science of static electricity with these simple activities.|
Here's What You Need:
a plastic comb
a piece of wool fabric (other materials work, too)
a teaspoon of salt
a teaspoon of ground black pepper
Here's What You Do:
Have your little one mix a spoonful of salt and a spoonful of pepper together in a separate bowl, or just on the table.
Rub the plastic comb vigorously with a piece of fabric; or your child can try rubbing the comb on the fabric of his or her clothing. Hold the comb about an inch above the salt/pepper combination. The pepper will start to jump onto the comb!
*Variation: Use small snippets of colored tissue paper instead of salt and pepper. The charged comb will lift the the tissue paper.
Why? Every object is made up of atoms which contain electrons. Some electrons are negatively charged, some are positively charged, and some are neutral. Atoms usually have a balance of electrons. But when the comb is rubbed on the fabric, it becomes unbalanced with a negative charge. When it is held above the salt and pepper, it is attracted to the positive charges in the pepper, (which is lighter than the salt)--and opposite charges attract, like magnets! The pepper or bits of tissue paper jump to the comb.
Now bend a stream of water with your science magic!
Charge the comb by rubbing it vigorously on fabric, or combing it through clean hair at least ten times. Turn on a faucet so there is a small stream of water, and hold the comb near the stream without touching it to the water. The negatively charged comb will pull the neutrally charged water toward it--the water appears to bend!
Rub a balloon on your head, and the same principle will make it stick to the wall, or your body! | <urn:uuid:c950e8df-6b15-4359-b893-18ef8a6f5a6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://mess-cipes.blogspot.com/2012/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823255.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019065335-20171019085335-00410.warc.gz | en | 0.938102 | 407 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The Fall of the Roman Empire
The Romans remained in Britain for about four centuries & during that time Britain was a Roman province governed by Roman governors & protected by Roman legions.
In the 3 rd -4 th centuries the power of the roman Empire gradually weakened. The unproductive labour of the slaves led to the economic decline of the empire. Neither new methods of land cultivation nor new technical inventions were introduced. Slavery became obstacle to technical progress. Poor cultivation exhausted the fields, the harvests became poorer from year to year.
The uninterrupted struggle of the exploited against the slave-owners greatly weakened the Roman Empire too. The enormous number of slaves presented of great danger of the Roman Empire. The end of the 4 th century found the Germanic tribes invading the Western Roman Empire & the slaves who hated the Roman state were joining them by the thousand.
Early by the 5 th century (407) the Roman legions were recalled from Britain to defend the central provinces of the Roman Empire from the attacks of the barbarian tribes. They didn’t return to Britain, & the Celts were left alone in the land.
During the 5 th century the Germanic tribes overran the empire & settled in all parts of it. The fall of the Western Roman Empire meant the end of the slave-owning system in Western Europe. | <urn:uuid:b3f1dcb0-02b6-4844-84ac-09db6ae36499> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://www.bookposter.ru/literatura1/35202.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998581.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20190617223249-20190618005249-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.957815 | 272 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Dogs learn through reinforcement, or in simpler language, dogs do what works for them. Rewarded behaviors will be repeated and repeated behaviors become habits. Good as well as bad habits are difficult to break! Whenever we are thinking about extinguishing unwanted behaviors we need to figure out what does the dog find rewarding about that behavior and remove the reward. There will be a period of “extinction burst” where efforts to make “what always worked before” become stronger before the behavior is extinguished. Consistency is key as there is always a chance of spontaneous recovery of the unwanted behavior. Behavior put on a random reinforcement schedule is always stronger so that is why consistency is so important. For example, dog jumps on you 10 times. Only 2 of those jumps are rewarded. It will take 200 reinforcements for “sitting for polite greeting” to override those 2 reinforced jumps. If you turn away from the dog when he jumps on you, you have not prevented the behavior. The dog has still been successful in jumping. The technique of putting your knee or foot in the dog’s chest does not prevent the behavior. We need to prevent the behavior from being successful so we can teach/train an alternative behavior incompatible with jumping.
Jumping is a normal canine greeting ritual which makes it difficult to extinguish. Dogs jump when excited to see you and jump for attention. If we speak to the dog, touch the dog or look at the dog, we’ve just rewarded jumping. To further challenge the issue jumping (like barking, digging, counter surfing, and pulling on lead) tend to be SELF REWARDING behaviors. A self -rewarding behavior is a behavior where simply engaging in the behavior produces the reward. For self-rewarding behaviors PREVENTION is the key. Practice makes perfect. The more opportunities the dog has to practice the behavior the better it works for him and the more likely he is going to repeat it.
CAUTION: never leave the room or area while your dog is tethered. Dogs that are tethered must be under direct supervision at all times.
Tethering the dog prevents the dog from being able to make contact with your body. Since jumping is fueled by arousal, start this exercise during a quiet time and don’t speak to the dog. Simply stand in front of the dog. If the dog jumps, move away from him preventing the jump. Wait for the dog to sit. When the dog sits, feed a cookie. Repeat 20 to 30 times. Now walk away from your dog about 10 feet. Return to the dog and using a very low, soft voice, say “Hi Dogs’ Name”. If the dog jumps, back up. Wait for the dog to sit. By this time your dog is starting to think and make choices. You will be able to see your dog make the choice to sit. When the dog sits, feed a cookie. Repeat 20 to 30 times. Walk away from the dog. Return to the dog and using a more excited voice, but not your most exciting voice, say “Hello Dog’s Name”. If the dog makes the choice to sit right away, feed 5 cookies, one at a time. This is a “jackpot reward”! If the dog jumps, move back and wait for the dog to sit. Repeat 20 to 30 times. You can feed out your dog’s meal doing this exercise. Gradually work up to using a more excited voice. Dogs tend to jump the louder and more exciting our voices become. We want to teach the dog to sit as a default behavior even during high excitement times but we have to work up this hierarchy SLOWLY, very gradually. Arms or hands in the air signal a dog to jump. In canine language arms uplifted are an invitation to jump up. Once you are successful in using a more animated voice, then move on to hands/arms in the air. When the dog makes the choice to sit, “jackpot” him by giving him 4 to 5 treats, one at a time for making the choice to sit.
Wearing a Leash
CAUTION: If your dog is dragging a leash in the house, always have direct supervision over the dog. You will be able to step on the leash to prevent the dog from being successful in jumping on you. Step on the leash close enough to thwart the dog from being able to jump. When the dog is unable to jump he will sit. Reward the sit.
Closing the Door
When your dog jumps on you go to a doorway and holding the leash in your hand, close the door between you and the dog. The dog will be on the other side of the door. Jumping has made a good thing, YOU, go away and because of the leash the dog can’t entertain himself on the other side of the door. Wait 30 seconds and open the door. If the dog jumps, close the door. If the dog makes the decision to sit, feed a cookie.
Guests in the Home
Your dog should be crated or gated when you know guests are expected. People at the door are highly exciting for dogs. Greet your guests and place them where you want them and “arm” them with cookies. Ask your guests to be very calm and boring when you bring in your dog. Have your dog on leash and being very calm and quiet, have your dog enter the room. Keep your leash short (not tight, but short) so the dog cannot move into the person’s space. If/when the dog sits the guests rewards the dog with a cookie. If the dog jumps, because you are holding the leash, the guest can move away thus thwarting the success of the jump. Wait for the dog to offer a sit and have your guest reward the dog. Keep the dog on lead while you interact with your guests until the dog settles and calms down.
Out on a walk or in public
Have your dog on a short (but not tight) leash. If a person comes up to greet your dog ask them to wait until the dog sits and then they can say hello. If possible, ask the person to give the dog a cookie when he sits. Always have cookies or kibble on you when you take your dog out in public or on walks.
In summation, it is almost impossible to teach a dog NOT to do something but it’s quite easy to teach a dog what to do. Teaching a dog to sit for polite greeting is incompatible with jumping so we replace the jumping with sitting. Remember it takes 30 to 40 rewarded repetitions for the light bulb to go off in the dog’s brain, “oh, that’s what she wanted”. It takes 4,000 to 5,000 rewarded repetitions for long term learning to take place so practice makes perfect!
Certified Dog Behavior Consultant, (International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants), Professional Member APDT, (Association of Pet Dog Trainers), AKC Canine Good Citizenship Evaluator, Animal Behavioral College Mentor | <urn:uuid:13aba9ff-2a0d-4960-8404-f02a60a61efe> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.neoesr.org/training-tips-from-miss-kathy/jumping | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258058.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525124751-20190525150751-00318.warc.gz | en | 0.946515 | 1,469 | 3.046875 | 3 |
192.168.0.1 is default IP address for Dlink routers to enter in administrator panel (other manufacturers usually use 192.168.1.1 IP address. Don’t forget that your router must be connected by network cable. It’s not important if you don’t have Internet connection, because you can configure it using LAN.
- Connect your device to PC or laptop by network cable.
- Type 192.168.0.1 in URL address bar of your Internet browsers.
- Here will be bars, where you should type your username and passkey. Use “admin” in both bars.
As told above, other manufacturers use 192.168.1.1 IP to enter in admin panel.
If your try aren’t failed, you can begin to configure your Wi-Fi connection. There are some situations when users can’t enter in administration panel using 192.168.0.1 (here is a message that page not found or login/password isn’t correct). What users should do in this case?
How to solve problem with entering in 192.168.0.1?
The most common problems:
- Problems that are related with router cable connection to PC
- Incorrect settings properties of the TCP/IP Protocol
- Connection is blocked by firewall or network screen
Let’s find out reasons more detailed.
You should check ping to diagnose problem. To do it, you need open Command Prompt, which can be opened by Win+R combination, and type here “ping 192.168.0.1” (without quotes).
If there is message “Timed out for the request” and shows that 100% losses, that mean there are some problems with connection. Be sure that your router is connected to PC or laptop correctly by Ethernet cable.
If your router has more than one ports, you should try to connect each in turn.
If ping goes, but you can’t connect to 192.168.O.1, it’s necessary to check network settings.
Here is a way how to check it: “Control Panel” — “Network connections” — “Network and Internet” — “Network and Sharing center”. Here you should open “Change network adapter settings”. Press right mouse button, choose LAN and open “Properties”.
Type 192.168.0.3 in IP address bar (subnet mask is 255.255.255.0), opening TCP/IPv4, and apply settings.
Let’s try to connect again. If connection is failed, it’s necessary to continue.
You should turn off firewall, all antivirus software and network screens on short period. It’s necessary to check connection. Try to enter in configuration panel using 192.168.0.1 again.
If this method doesn’t work, you should try this by different internet browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Opera).
If nothing happens and you can’t connect, you should do recovery of your device. This method must works, but not everyone knows how to reset router. Don’t panic, here will be instruction below.
It’s necessary to find special button on body of your device. Press it and hold it for short period. Resetting process will take about 2 minutes. After that, you can try enter in admin panel again.
If these methods don’t work, maybe problem is in your device. In this case, you should firmware it or flashing.
When you get access to your web-interface using username and passkey, you can continue to configure wireless Internet connection. If you have some question, let us know about it. | <urn:uuid:142863f1-195d-44ec-b5f6-f8113e28aebe> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://192-168-1-1admin.com/192-168-0-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057416.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923013955-20210923043955-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.881073 | 793 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Presents research-based principles of adolescent substance use disorder treatment; covers treatment for a variety of drugs including, illicit and prescription drugs, alcohol, and tobacco; presents settings and evidence-based approaches unique to treating adolescents.
Provides scientific information about the disease of drug addiction, including the many harmful consequences of drug misuse and the basic approaches that have been developed to prevent and treat the disease.
Comorbidity describes two or more disorders or illnesses occurring in the same person. They can occur at the same time or one after the other. Comorbidity also implies interactions between the illnesses that can worsen the course of both.
Presents research-based principles of addiction treatment for a variety of drugs, including nicotine, alcohol, and illicit and prescription drugs, that can inform drug treatment programs and services. | <urn:uuid:85b19ee8-d1de-476d-ab78-7b47d0d45890> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/finder/t/790/Mental%20Health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413097.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531085047-20200531115047-00001.warc.gz | en | 0.930431 | 164 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Compare – Noting the SIMILARITIES in two or more objects
Contrast - Noting the DIFFERENCES in two or more objects
Control – The standard used to compare with the outcome of a test
Data – Recorded observations and measurements
Density – Measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of objects
Dependent Variable – What is measured in an experiment: The response to the independent variable
Independent Variable – The factor that is changed in an experiment
Graph – Diagram that shows the relationship of one variable to another
Hypothesis – A prediction that can be tested
Inference – An attempt to explain or interpret observations
Law – Scientific theory that has been tested many times and is generally accepted as true
Mass – Measure of the amount of a matter in an object
Qualitative – Describing something using only words
Quantitative – describing how much of something there is using Numbers… quantity
Scientific method – Systematic approach to problem solving
Sequence – An arrangement of things or events in a particular order
Theory – An explanation of things base on many observations
Variable – The factor tested in an experiment
Volume – The amount of space an object takes up. Not how loud something is…
Cell Theory – States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from cells that already exist.
Biogenesis – The theory that living things come only from other living things (Correct Theory)
Spontaneous Generation - The theory that living things come from non-living things (Incorrect Theory)
Compound Light Microscope – The fancy words for the microscopes you use in class
Eukaryotic Cells – Cells that have a Nuclear Membrane
Prokaryotic Cells – Cells that do NOT have a nuclear membrane
Metric System – What the entire world uses except U.S. – Meter, Liter, Grams
Meter – Basic unit of length
Liter – Basic unit of volume in the metric system
Grams – Basic unit of weight
Mitosis – The process in which the cell divides into two exact copies
Prophase – “Prepare” – The genetic material bundles up and forms chromosomes and the nuclear membrane break down. The centrioles move to the poles of the cell.
Metaphase - “Middle” – The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The centrioles attach to the chromosomes
Anaphase – “Apart” - The chromosomes are ripped apart and 1 set of each chromosomes move to each side
Telophase – “Two” – The cell begins to split into two and the nuclear membranes start to reform
Cytokinesis “Cut” – The cell finally splits apart. This results in two exact copies of the original cell
“Mitosis makes my toeses Meiosis made me”
Interphase – The cell remains in interphase for most of the time it is alive. Only when it gets the signal does it start Mitosis
Meiosis – Is slightly different than Mitosis and makes the sex cells (sperm, eggs)
CELL ORGANELLES (*only in plants)
Cell Membrane – Outer Boundary of the cell that allows only certain materials to pass into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm – Gel-Like material inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Folded membrane that moves materials around in the cell (Transportation)
Mitochondria or Mitochondrion – Breaks down food and releases energy (Cell Powerhouse)
Nucleus – Directs all cell activities (the brain of the cell)
Vacuoles – Storage tanks for the cell (much bigger in plants, but still present in animals)
Lysosome – Contain chemicals that digest wastes and worn-out cell parts as well as break down food
Ribosomes – Where all the protein is made
*Cell Wall – Rigid Structure made of cellulose that supports and protects the plant cell; Found outside cell membrane
*Chloroplast – Organelles in plant cells that change light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar (glucose)
*Chlorophyll – Green pigment in plant cells that traps light energy, which is then used to produce food for the plant cell
Movement of materials across a membrane
Active Transportation – Energy requiring process that can “carry” a substance into a cell
Passive Transportation – Movement of a material across a cell without the use of energy (Water does this)
Diffusion – Movement of molecules from an area where there is a HIGH concentration to LOW concentration (think about water behind a dam and what happens if the dam is taken away).
Osmosis – Diffusion of WATER into and out of the cell (moves through the cell membrane). Water is moving constantly
Equilibrium – The state where molecules of a substance are spread out EVENLY throughout a space. Equal
Selective Permeability – The property of a cell membrane that allows some materials to pass through while keeping other materials out. Like the Security guy at the club that only lets the pretty ladies in.
Digestion – Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules that cells can absorb and use
Irritability – The property of living organisms that permits them to react to stimuli
Metabolism – Total of all chemical activities of an organism that enable it to stay alive, grow and replicate.
Cell – The smallest unit of an organism that can perform life functions
Tissue – Group of similar cells that work together to do a job. They form Organs
Organ – Structure, such as the heart, made of up different types of tissues that work together to form systems
System – Organs work together to form a system such as the digestive system – requires several organs like the stomach, small intestines, brain, etc. Systems form a fully developed Organism.
Endocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff INTO the cell
Exocytosis – Process by which the cells transport stuff OUT of the cell
In your notebooks or on Educreations, you will need to have two diagrams. One showing the steps of Mitosis and the other showing the steps of Meiosis.
Be mindful about what is occurring in each stage and where the chromosomes are.
Use any of the resources we used in class or your own if you've found them!
Students- find resources from class to the left. | <urn:uuid:0c93877f-1cff-433a-aee1-c568326a9af8> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://www.scienceinquirer.com/student-resources/archives/10-2014 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704803737.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20210126202017-20210126232017-00238.warc.gz | en | 0.897234 | 1,359 | 3.6875 | 4 |
What Is Indigenous People’s Day? LA Just Voted To Replace Columbus Day With This Holiday
For many Americans, the second Monday in October is celebrated with a day off work, officially to commemorate Christopher Columbus’ voyage to the Americas. But for many people with indigenous heritage, for whom Columbus’ journey brought disease, forced labor, and the destruction of their culture, it isn’t seen as a holiday at all. Activists against the celebration of this day got a major win on Wednesday, when Los Angeles voted to replace “Columbus Day” with “Indigenous People’s Day” on its city calendar, according to the LA Times.
LA joins a number of other cities in the United States who have chosen to end their use of “Columbus Day,” in exchange for more inclusive names that acknowledge the history of native people in this country. Berkeley, CA, has celebrated the second Monday in October as Indigenous People’s Day since 1992, and Bloomington, IN, renamed Columbus Day “Fall Holiday” in 2016. Some entire states, like Alaska, Vermont, and South Dakota, have also made the switch to Indigenous People’s Day, and plenty of people are reacting to the decision in LA by saying it’s long overdue. But, unsurprisingly, there are plenty of people who are really angry about this change.
Cali has largest number of Native Americans & L.A. was founded by ppl w/ Native, black & Spanish blood. It was high time to axe Columbus Day— Nadra Nittle (@NadraKareem) August 30, 2017
Italian-Americans in particular were vocal in their opposition to the renaming, the LA Times reported. As Bustle reported back in 2015, Columbus Day was originally instituted during a period of intense anti-Italian-American sentiment in the United States; it was originally a way to celebrate the contributions of Italians to this country. Though Italian-Americans did indeed experience marginalization during the period when Columbus Day was established in the U.S., since that time, the ongoing erasure of the injustices faced by Native Americans from the time of Columbus’ arrival through the present day has become more visible. This has led many people to wonder why we celebrate a day that marks the beginning of over 500 years of oppression of Native Americans, especially since the holiday is meant to celebrate the contributions of a different marginalized group.
One councilman with Italian-American heritage argued that Columbus Day devalues the contributions of his forebears, who came to this country to “build something and not to destroy something,” he said. Joe Buscaino, a first-generation Italian-American who also sits on the council, had campaigned to replace Columbus Day with a name that would celebrate “all of the diverse cultures in the city,” according to the LA Times; his was the only dissenting vote on the 15-person council.
The decision, as anyone who’s been watching the news knows, comes during a renewed push to get rid of Confederate statues, arguing that they memorialize a false narrative of the Confederacy, and erase the actual, shameful history of violence and oppression against Black people in America. The removal of these symbols in spite of the current administration’s defense of them shows how individual cities and towns are able to restore justice on their own terms. Replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous People’s Day can’t undo the violence of colonization against native people in this country, but it does send the message that Native Americans are being seen — finally. | <urn:uuid:14ac6191-0091-41af-9e47-976a657c06b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://www.bustle.com/p/what-is-indigenous-peoples-day-la-just-voted-to-replace-columbus-day-with-this-holiday-80251 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934803848.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20171117170336-20171117190336-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.968115 | 742 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Considered to be one of the most chronically debilitating of all mental illnesses, schizophrenia causes those suffering from it to experience significant misinterpretations of the world around them.
Learn More About Schizophrenia
Those suffering from schizophrenia can have difficulty thinking clearly, expressing feelings appropriately, and distinguishing between what is real and what is not. Due to the disabling effects of this illness, schizophrenia can cause individuals to experience a great deal of emotional and physical distress, as well as difficulty in maintaining proper functioning on a daily basis. However, with proper treatment and medication, these effects can be successfully managed.
Statistics of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is believed to affect approximately 3.2 million people in the United States and about 1.1% of the world’s population. Both men and women are equally affected by the disorder, and the average age of onset occurs between late-teens and mid-thirties. Research has shown that it is extremely uncommon for individuals to experience an initial onset of the illness after the age of 45.
Causes and Risks
Causes and Risk Factors of Schizophrenia
The causes that lead to the onset of schizophrenia are not believed to be one single factor, but rather a number of different factors working together that play a role in the development of its symptoms.
Genetic: Researchers and other experts in the field believe that there is a strong genetic link in regards to the development of schizophrenia due to the fact that the illness is known to run in families. It has been estimated that people who have an immediate, blood-related relative who has schizophrenia are at a 10% higher risk of developing the disorder than do those without such family history.
Physical: The chemicals in the brain that play a major role in managing one’s moods and emotions are dopamine and serotonin. When the levels of these chemicals are either too high or too low, the symptoms of schizophrenia may develop.
Environmental: Some scientists have reported that environmental factors can have a significant role in the onset of an illness. The most commonly cited of these factors include being exposed to viruses prenatally or the presence of extreme complications during the birthing process, both of which can potentially lead to the future development of schizophrenia.
- Family history of mental illness
- Personal history of diagnosed or undiagnosed mental illness
- Having an autoimmune disease
- Exposure to viruses while in utero
- Malnutrition while in utero
- Taking mind-altering substances
- Having a father who is of advanced age
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia
In contrast to many other mental illnesses that are typically broken down by behavioral, physical, or emotional symptoms, the symptoms of schizophrenia are instead characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
Positive symptoms: Positive symptoms refer to added behaviors that, without the presence of schizophrenia, individuals would not experience, including:
- Movement disorders
- Thought disorders
Negative symptoms: Negative symptoms refer to behaviors that are taken away from a person. In other words, they are behaviors that, without the presence of schizophrenia, an individual would be able to maintain. This type of symptoms includes:
- Inability to maintain appropriate personal hygiene
- Inability to articulate thoughts
- Inability to speak
- Isolating oneself
- Flat affect
- Loss of interest in things
- Lacking any type of enthusiasm
Cognitive symptoms: Cognitive symptoms refer to the deficits that the presence of schizophrenia inflicts upon a person and can include:
- Impaired / poor executive functioning capabilities
- Inability to concentrate
- Significant memory problems
Effects of Schizophrenia
When treatment for schizophrenia is not received, the long-term effects that this illness can have on an individual’s life may include:
- Financial discord / poverty
- Chronic substance abuse
- Overwhelming paranoia
- Extreme phobias
- Strained or destroyed interpersonal relationships
Schizophrenia & Co-Occurring Disorders
People who have schizophrenia may also suffer from another mental illness as well. Additionally, individuals who are living with undiagnosed schizophrenia may begin to experience the onset of symptoms that may be indicative of other disorders as well. Examples of the various disorders that can potentially co-occur with schizophrenia may include:
- Social anxiety disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Schizotypal disorder | <urn:uuid:93494c8d-502f-4083-a7e6-0ec66ba1b755> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.sonorabehavioral.com/disorders/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363376.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207105847-20211207135847-00260.warc.gz | en | 0.941859 | 949 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Старий Новий рік: Щедрий вечір, Василя, гостини, колядки, посівання – святкуймо Старий Новий рік з рідними!
As the Gregorian calendar ushers in a brand new year, a curious anomaly persists in the corners of Eastern Europe. On January 13th, amidst the echoes of New Year’s Eve revelry, families gather once more to raise a toast and celebrate Старий Новий рік, or Old New Year. This charming tradition, a delightful blend of history and merriment, is more than just a quirky calendar quirk; it’s a portal to a bygone era, where time bends and traditions hold sway.
A Journey Through Time:
The story of Старий Новий рік begins in 1918, when many Eastern European nations, including Ukraine, adopted the Gregorian calendar. However, the switch left a curious gap of 13 days between the “old” and “new” New Years. Undeterred, the people clung to their cherished customs, birthing the unique tradition of Старий Новий рік. This dual celebration became a testament to cultural resilience, a bridge between the old and the new, and a reminder that time, much like laughter and good company, transcends mere numbers on a calendar.
A Tapestry of Traditions:
Старий Новий рік is a vibrant tapestry woven from ancient customs and heartfelt rituals. The evening of January 13th, known as Щедрий Вечір (Generous Eve), is a time for families to come together around a bountiful table laden with traditional dishes. Rich kutia, a porridge made from wheat or barley,象征着丰收与繁荣, while pierogi, вареники, and other savory delights tempt the taste buds. Laughter fills the air as children perform колядки (carols), their melodious voices weaving tales of good fortune and blessings for the coming year.
The Merriment Continues:
The festivities culminate on January 14th, St. Basil’s Day, or Василя. On this day, young men take to the streets, dressed in elaborate costumes and masks, performing lively dances and playful pranks known as Меланка (Malanka). Their energetic revelry is believed to ward off evil spirits and usher in good luck for the year ahead. The day also sees friends and neighbors visiting each other, exchanging祝福and sharing in the spirit of generosity that defines the holiday.
More Than Just a Celebration:
Старий Новий рік is more than just a quirky calendar anomaly; it’s a testament to the enduring power of tradition. It’s a reminder that the true magic of the holidays lies not in the date on the calendar, but in the warmth of family, the joy of togetherness, and the unwavering belief in good fortune and new beginnings. As we raise a toast to Старий Новий рік, we raise a toast to the timeless spirit of celebration, to the echoes of laughter that transcend the boundaries of time, and to the enduring magic of a tradition that bridges the gap between old and new.
So, this January, why not embrace the spirit of Старий Новий рік? Gather your loved ones, prepare a feast of traditional dishes, and let the carols fill the air. As you raise a glass to the old year and welcome the new, remember that the magic of time travel lies not in distant galaxies, but in the warmth of shared traditions and the timeless spirit of celebration.
Call to Action:
Have you ever experienced the magic of Старий Новий рік? Share your stories and traditions in the comments below! Let’s raise a virtual toast to this unique and heartwarming celebration! | <urn:uuid:4fbeedcc-19ff-4003-886f-ec68626640f3> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://kusummahaurja.in/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475711.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301225031-20240302015031-00782.warc.gz | en | 0.773135 | 1,034 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at The Ohio State University, host of Ask a Spaceman and Space Radio, and author of "Your Place in the Universe." Sutter contributed this article to Space.com's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
Interstellar space travel. Fantasy of every five-year-old kid within us. Staple of science fiction serials. Boldly going where nobody has gone before in a really fantastic way. As we grow ever more advanced with our rockets and space probes, the question arises: could we ever hope to colonize the stars? Or, barring that far-flung dream, can we at least send space probes to alien planets, letting them tell us what they see?
The truth is that interstellar travel and exploration is technically possible. There's no law of physics that outright forbids it. But that doesn't necessarily make it easy, and it certainly doesn't mean we'll achieve it in our lifetimes, let alone this century. Interstellar space travel is a real pain in the neck.
If you're sufficiently patient, then we've already achieved interstellar exploration status. We have several spacecraft on escape trajectories, meaning they're leaving the solar system and they are never coming back. NASA's Pioneer missions, the Voyager missions, and most recently New Horizons have all started their long outward journeys. The Voyagers especially are now considered outside the solar system, as defined as the region where the solar wind emanating from the sun gives way to general galactic background particles and dust.
So, great; we have interstellar space probes currently in operation. Except the problem is that they're going nowhere really fast. Each one of these intrepid interstellar explorers is traveling at tens of thousands of miles per hour, which sounds pretty fast. They're not headed in the direction of any particular star, because their missions were designed to explore planets inside the solar system. But if any of these spacecraft were headed to our nearest neighbor, Proxima Centauri, just barely 4 light-years away, they would reach it in about 80,000 years.
I don't know about you, but I don't think NASA budgets for those kinds of timelines. Also, by the time these probes reach anywhere halfway interesting, their nuclear batteries will be long dead, and just be useless hunks of metal hurtling through the void. Which is a sort of success, if you think about it: It's not like our ancestors were able to accomplish such feats as tossing random junk between the stars, but it's probably also not exactly what you imagined interstellar space travel to be like.
To make interstellar spaceflight more reasonable, a probe has to go really fast. On the order of at least one-tenth the speed of light. At that speed, spacecraft could reach Proxima Centauri in a handful of decades, and send back pictures a few years later, well within a human lifetime. Is it really so unreasonable to ask that the same person who starts the mission gets to finish it?
Going these speeds requires a tremendous amount of energy. One option is to contain that energy onboard the spacecraft as fuel. But if that's the case, the extra fuel adds mass, which makes it even harder to propel it up to those speeds. There are designs and sketches for nuclear-powered spacecraft that try to accomplish just this, but unless we want to start building thousands upon thousands of nuclear bombs just to put inside a rocket, we need to come up with other ideas.
Perhaps one of the most promising ideas is to keep the energy source of the spacecraft fixed and somehow transport that energy to the spacecraft as it travels. One way to do this is with lasers. Radiation is good at transporting energy from one place to another, especially over the vast distances of space. The spacecraft can then capture this energy and propel itself forward.
This is the basic idea behind the Breakthrough Starshot project, which aims to design a spacecraft capable of reaching the nearest stars in a matter of decades. In the simplest outline of this project, a giant laser on the order of 100 gigawatts shoots at an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. That spacecraft has a large solar sail that is incredibly reflective. The laser bounces off of that sail, giving momentum to the spacecraft. The thing is, a 100-gigawatt laser only has the force of a heavy backpack. You didn't read that incorrectly. If we were to shoot this laser at the spacecraft for about 10 minutes, in order to reach one-tenth the speed of light, the spacecraft can weigh no more than a gram.
That's the mass of a paper clip.
A spaceship for ants
This is where the rubber meets the interstellar road when it comes to making spacecraft travel the required speeds. The laser itself, at 100 gigawatts, is more powerful than any laser we've ever designed by many orders of magnitude. To give you a sense of scale, 100 gigawatts is the entire capacity of every single nuclear power plant operating in the United States combined.
And the spacecraft, which has to have a mass no more than a paper clip, must include a camera, computer, power source, circuitry, a shell, an antenna for communicating back home and the entire lightsail itself.
That lightsail must be almost perfectly reflective. If it absorbs even a tiny fraction of that incoming laser radiation it will convert that energy to heat instead of momentum. At 100 gigawatts, that means straight-up melting, which is generally considered not good for spacecraft.
Once accelerated to one-tenth the speed of light, the real journey begins. For 40 years, this little spacecraft will have to withstand the trials and travails of interstellar space. It will be impacted by dust grains at that enormous velocity. And while the dust is very tiny, at those speeds motes can do incredible damage. Cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles emitted by everything from the sun to distant supernova, can mess with the delicate circuitry inside. The spacecraft will be bombarded by these cosmic rays non-stop as soon as the journey begins.
Is Breakthrough Starshot possible? In principle, yes. Like I said above, there's no law of physics that prevents any of this from becoming reality. But that doesn't make it easy or even probable or plausible or even feasible using our current levels of technology (or reasonable projections into the near future of our technology). Can we really make a spacecraft that small and light? Can we really make a laser that powerful? Can a mission like this actually survive the challenges of deep space?
The answer isn't yes or no. The real question is this: are we willing to spend enough money to find out if it's possible?
- Building Sails for Tiny Interstellar Probes Will Be Tough — But Not Impossible
- 10 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life
- Interstellar Space Travel: 7 Futuristic Spacecraft to Explore the Cosmos
Learn more by listening to the episode "Is interstellar travel possible?" on the Ask A Spaceman podcast, available on iTunes (opens in new tab) and on the Web at http://www.askaspaceman.com. Thanks to @infirmus, Amber D., neo, and Alex V. for the questions that led to this piece! Ask your own question on Twitter using #AskASpaceman or by following Paul @PaulMattSutter and facebook.com/PaulMattSutter. | <urn:uuid:1b956726-b659-40d8-a6c2-7098f0dc0629> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.space.com/is-interstellar-travel-possible.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103331729.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627103810-20220627133810-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.94958 | 1,523 | 2.90625 | 3 |
An assassin was an individual who was designated to carry out assassination. An assassins employment varied on the motivation of the employer, in many cases assassins were hired or acted on behalf of an established or rogue governmental element, or operated independently for hire. According to Odo, "assassins don't like varying their methods." (DS9: "Improbable Cause")
In Klingon culture, the kut'luch was designated as "the ceremonial weapon of an assassin." (TNG: "Sins of the Father") Additionally, according to Miles O'Brien, "Serving on a Klingon ship is like being with a gang of ancient sea pirates. You advance in rank by killing the people above you, so everywhere you turn you're surrounded by potential assassins." (DS9: "Soldiers of the Empire")
Following the assassination of Klingon Chancellor Gorkon aboard the Kronos One in 2293, the crew of the USS Enterprise-A undertook painstaking efforts to discover who the assassins were, as it was believed the Enterprise was the only place they could being hiding.
Later, after James T. Kirk and Leonard McCoy were sentenced to life at Rura Penthe, Kirk was surprised that Martia knew who he was. Her response was that "We don't get many presidential assassins." (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country)
In 2267, a second Klingon Chancellor, K'mpec, was assassinated by poison, given to him in small doses by Duras, son of Ja'rod. K'mpec was aware of the plot, but not who the assassin was, explaining that "The Klingon who kills without showing his face has no honor." Prior to his death, he enlisted Federation Captain Jean-Luc Picard to find his killer. | <urn:uuid:3301c76a-8230-44b3-9ded-26f32cad66cf> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Assassin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999040.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619184037-20190619210037-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.97701 | 356 | 2.75 | 3 |
From conversation to action: The role of women empowerment in transforming Africa
Dr Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi discusses the investment needed to further harness the potential for women on the African continent in transforming their societies.
The annals of history are littered with factual accounts of successful women, some leaders of nations, others champions of social transformation with global consequence. While their true number may yet be a matter for confirmation, it is indisputable that they have made significant contribution to global development in all areas of human endeavour. While they may not have enjoyed loud accolades for their contributions, they continue to charge on as community leaders, CEOs, and state leaders, influencing the trajectory of life the world over. Entrusting responsibility in certain spheres of development to women can and should therefore be done with full measure of trust and confidence.
It is gratifying to see that many African States have taken steps to ensure that this happens. The African Union has produced statutes which Member States have ratified and continue to domesticate as a demonstration of their commitment to the empowerment of women. For Africa, it has become a necessary challenge to effectively utilise what is undoubtedly our best natural resource, our people. In the SADC region, proof abounds of successful community projects that are led by women.
Recent reports on SMMEs confirm that small businesses or startups run by women fare better in this sector and are also the highest number of benefactors. This bears testimony to the relative seriousness that women attach to work. This is sometimes attributed to the fact that they have a disproportionate burden of responsibility for caring for their families, which often begins at an early age.
Women also face the burden of negative cultural practices. If it is not genital mutilation, it is being forced into an early marriage by the family and being forced to leave school; unfavourable inheritance laws; or being subjected to physical, mental and emotional abuse by a husband for fear of being killed or economic dependence.
I have only one recommendation, EDUCATION, EDUCATION, EDUCATION. Literacy is a fundamental prerequisite for the empowerment of women and their enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
To augment education, States must have strong machinery for the delivery of justice. Yes, laws exist and statutes have been signed and ratified, but until governments ensure timely administration of justice, the debilitating laws that have handed unfairness to women for centuries will continue to deny them their rightful place in society, to be fully empowered with equal treatment as provided by most constitutions and legislation.
Literacy is a fundamental prerequisite for the empowerment of women and their enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Having strengthened the government machinery, we should then invite the private sector in finance, to relax their rules to include women; to accept that women can mortgage property, sign up loans and open bank accounts without the permission of another adult if they are adult themselves. The lack of these inhibit the progress women should be contributing to the economy.
Let us take financial inclusion as an example of sustainably unlocking the economic potential of women in Africa. Access to finance remains a very real challenge for many African women, most notably in remote or rural areas. Innovation and access to finance then becomes paramount. Why? Not for the mere localised concept of financial prosperity, but because, much like education, access to sustained finance and funding for women has a domino effect. It means access to dignity, to security, and to self-sufficiency. This benefits families, communities and generations to come. Studies from the World Bank show that when income is in the hands of the mother, the survival probability of a child increases by about 20 per cent in Brazil. In Kenya, a child will be about 17 per cent taller, because mothers invest more of their income in health and nutrition.
This means to empower women in their households ultimately contributes to the growth of healthier individuals who will perform better in the workplace. A healthier workforce in turn makes for a more productive economy and prosperity across nations. The prosperity of nations created through this route has the potential to build happier homes and ultimately contribute to peaceful neighborhoods, a social phenomenon which has become rare of late especially in urban centres where economic pressures are higher.
We are fortunate in Africa to have a cultural compass that places many a woman at the fore and in the seat of power. We have stood up to recognise the important role women have to play in transforming economies, communities, and nations. What remains, however, is for us to make more long-term, sustainable investment in further harnessing that potential; for us to move from conversation and dialogue to sustainable action.
At a minimum, we should at least strive to achieve the Goal 5 of the global Agenda for Sustainable Development on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women that we all made a commitment towards achieving by 2030.
This blog was originally published on the LSE Firoz Lalji Centre for Africa’s blog. | <urn:uuid:cb034612-7a9c-4b28-81ba-6f9bfdf5bee1> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.theigc.org/blog/from-conversation-to-action-the-role-of-women-empowerment-in-transforming-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314638.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20190819011034-20190819033034-00383.warc.gz | en | 0.960853 | 1,003 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Seed and Plant Identification
of Vegetables and Gardening Seed
Seed and Plant Identification is an important part of growing vegetables. When they first germinate, they usually have seed leaves. It can be difficult to tell the difference between your garden vegetables and weeds at this point.
This page of images relates to the seed leaves and true leaves as well as gardening seed you are likely to have questions about in growing vegetables.
Bibb, Boston,and Buttercrunch type lettuce has round smooth baby leaves when it emerges. The true leaves are longer and a bit more oval but still smooth-edged. These types of lettuce are very tender and almost melt in your mouth.
They prefer cool weather, and do best in early spring or late fall. They do not tolerate hot, dry, sunny conditions well. Lettuce prefers slightly acid soil, so if yours is very acid you can add some dolomite.
Sow the tiny seeds in rows and thin to 5 inches apart or plant 4 per square foot. Plant them 1/8"-1/4" deep, just lightly covered with soil. The photos will help with seed and plant identification if you lose track.
Generally they will germinate within 10 days or so. They will grow to form loose heads with a buttery texture. Keep the soil consistently moist. If the soil dries out it can cause bolting, as can hot weather. Bolting means that a stalk will grow in the center of the head and make flowers and seeds. This turns the lettuce leaves bitter.
Young Bibb lettuce leaves in photo to the left.
Black Seeded Simpson lettuce leaves in photo above.
Black Seeded Simpson, Oak Leaf, and other leaf lettuce varieties form very loose leaf heads of generally ruffled leaves and various colors. Loose leaf is the easiest type of lettuce to grow, and is very reliable until the weather gets hot.
If you are short on space, loose leaf lettuce can be harvested by picking the largest outer leaves of each head while leaving the remainder of the plant to continue growing.
In this way you conserve space and time, as it will have leaves ready for harvesting most of the time. Once the weather gets hot, however, most varieties tend to send up a stalk which flowers and makes seed.
Lettuce is self pollinated, and will not cross with other varieties, so you can have different varieties growing in your garden to make splendid mixed salads in spring and early summer. Then, once they bolt, you can still save the seeds of open pollinated types.
There are a few cultivars or varieties that take heat better, and if you live in an area where summers don't go much over 90 degrees, and you can give the plants partial shade, you can probably keep lettuce growing through the summer.
If you want to have some fall lettuce, it is best to start plants in the house in a pot. Put the pot in a south facing window or use a grow light. You can then plant the young seedlings after 4-6 weeks, in your garden for a fall crop around September 1st. They will tolerate a light frost, so you can still grow lettuce until the first hard frost.
Romaine is also a loosely headed variety, with long narrow leaves. The culture for romaine is the same as leaf lettuce.
Head lettuce, like iceberg, requires long, cool springs to develop proper heads. This is the standard lettuce in the grocery store.
Okra is one of those vegetables that you either love or hate. If you've never tried it, consider giving it a chance. I myself gradually acquired a taste for it by my husband coaxing me to try a small piece of his fried okra from the serving at Church's fried chicken. At first I wrinkled my nose at the unfamiliar taste.
The mucilaginous liquid inside of okra is somewhat unusual. It looks like snot, and feels like snot. Fortunately, it doesn't taste that way. It is really quite tasty when it's fried, like mushrooms or zuchinni.
It also has some interesting health properties. It is full of nutrients, works like psyllium in the digestive tract by keeping you regular, and is said to help control blood sugar.
Another way that I really enjoy okra is pickled. Walmart carries Texas brand pickled okra, give it a try. The taste is somewhere between pickles and olives.
Traditionally it is used in Gumbo and Brunwick Stew. That mucilaginous liquid mentioned earlier has thickening properties. We've used it to stick the breading on in place of milk. I've used it to substitute for egg in a few recipes as well.
Okra likes heat, and will do well when other vegetables are sulking and panting. It produces big flowers that bloom for a day, and then become a pod. These pods should be picked daily when they are 3 inches long, or they will get woody. Use a light pruning shear and wear long sleeves, as the plants can irritate skin with their spines. Clemson Spineless is open pollinated and my favorite. They will stop producing if not picked daily.
The large round seeds should be planted 1/2 " deep, and about 18" apart. These get to be large plants, especially in warm climates. The pods, once harvested, can be blanched for 2 minutes and then frozen whole. They will keep in the freezer for 12 months. You can also slice and bread them with cornmeal and salt before freezing, then just deep fry them when you want to enjoy some.
Be adventurous, give them a try. I did, and now enjoy them even raw.
The plants come up with 2 rounded, nearly heart shaped leaves. The somewhat hairy first leaves are smooth edged, but as you can see above, they become serrated with the true leaves. Above are photos of a bloom and some pods from last year's garden.
Green onions are seeded into the garden in early spring. The seeds should be planted about 1/8 inch deep, 4 seeds per inch.
They are easy to grow, requiring average soil and moisture, but good drainage is essential. They grow quickly, and you can sow more rows 2 weeks apart if you just want green onions.
If you want full size onions, then start your onions indoors in a pot about 12 weeks before your last frost date. You will need to harden them off by gradually exposing them to outside conditions. Start with 2 hours, and add an hour per day for the first week. The second week keep them outside for 10-12 hours per day, then plant in the garden.
Set them 4 inches apart, just barely in the soil.
This will give them enough time to get to full size. They are ready to harvest when at least 1/3 of the top falls over. If you plan to store them, 1/2 of the top has to have fallen over. After harvesting, let them cure in a dry, airy, place for 2 weeks. Then hang them in net bags,in a cool dry place, below 39 degrees but above freezing. Onions start sprouting at 40 degrees.
If any of the onions send up a stalk to make seeds, pull it and use it. They won't store after going to seed. If you want seed then you can leave it until the seed is ripe. It forms at the top of the plant.
Onions are edible at all stages, so you can choose to use them or store them.
I hope the photos will help you with seed and plant identification of your garden vegetables. I don't have a photo of the seedling green onions, but they look like a blade of grass at first, and then just like the bigger version above.
Parsley seed is rather small, and it can help to mix a small amount of sand or dirt with the seed, and make sure the seed is evenly dispersed in it, before dropping it into the rows.
It can take anywhere from 4 to 6 weeks before the seedlings pop up out of the soil, so don't despair if it isn't up as quickly as other seeds.
A cool weather plant, it can take light frost. As early as the ground can be worked, plant the seeds in rows. The rows should be at least 6 inches apart. The root type (Hamburg parsely) will grow much like a carrot. It is a great addition to soups, high in minerals.
The root type (Hamburg parsley, shown in the rows to the left) will grow much like a carrot. It is a great addition to soups, high in minerals. It can be used as soon as the roots are a few inches long and 1/4 inch thick. I use the small plants pulled during thinning in soup.
For leaf types, you will need the rows a little farther apart. It can be harvested any time before it bolts and goes to seed in the second year. Like carrots, it will send up a center stalk that is like an umbrella. The small white flowers will go from green to the ripe color you see above.
The seed should dry on the stalk at least until over half of the seeds have changed color.
There are straight leaf and curled leaf varieties in the leaf only type. These will do well in a pot, and you can just harvest the outer leaves as needed, while leaving the center to continue growing until a hard frost.
A pot can be brought into the house over the winter, and in less than bright light conditions, should wait to bolt until spring.
from Seed and Plant Identification back to Veg. Plant Identification
from Seed and Plant Identification back to Vegetable Gardening Advice Home
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The Yoruba people live in Nigeria and Benin (formerly the kingdom of Dahomey), and number nearly 24 million people. Beginning around 1000 AD, the Yoruba built a thriving network of cities and trading routes. Many of those cities survive today, and much of the original societal structure is preserved. Yoruba kings, known as “Oba”, are still considered sacred, and still live in palaces in the center of town, surrounded by the residences of their lesser chiefs. Echoes of the Yoruba can even be felt in the Americas in the form of Santeria. This religious tradition evolved in Cuba when the ritual practices of imported Yoruba slaves mixed with Christian theology of the new world. Santeria is still practiced today in many parts of the new world, and still retains it’s recognizable Yoruba origins.
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Integrated Pest Management · Agriculture and Natural Resources
University of California
Vegetative filter strips
Vegetative filter strips are strategically planted rows of vegetation that filter surface water runoff, trap as much as 75 to 100% of sediment, minimize erosion, and absorb nutrients, pollutants, and pathogens. Pesticides, especially pyrethroids that bind strongly to soil particles, can be reduced with vegetative filter strips, which help keep pesticides in the field.
Consider the following when designing a vegetative filter strip.
Generally, the wider the filter strip, the better.
Vegetative filter strips are most effective on slopes of less than 5 percent and are not recommended for slopes greater than 15 percent.
Plant grasses in bands about 6 feet wide every 10 to 100 feet, depending on slope.
Plant grass in strips 10 to 15 feet wide at field boundaries.
In riparian areas
A single, dense strip about 30 feet wide is usually sufficient to protect riparian areas.
Tall, perennial, native grasses are ideal for trapping sediment. Hardy, drought-tolerant species are best, but consider local conditions and cultural practices before deciding on vegetation type.
Identify where water flows on the property to ensure vegetative filter strips are planted where they have the best chance to catch runoff. Placing vegetative filter strips along field boundaries or near high upslopes within fields and orchards will be most effective. Also consider placement along roads, ditches, stream banks, and animal confinement facilities.
Channels and rills may develop over time. Repair, and if needed, reseed. Remove excess sediment buildup to prevent diversions around vegetative filter strips. Keep strips short (4-10 inches) to deter weeds and pathogens.
- Vegetative Filter Strips for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in Agriculture
- Buffer Strips: Common Sense Conservation, from UDSA Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Management Measures for Wetlands, Riparian Areas, and Vegetated Treatment Systems from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
PDF: To display a PDF document, you may need to use a PDF reader. | <urn:uuid:d2e85815-4c7b-4f08-b496-9b075eda10c7> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://ipm.ucanr.edu/mitigation/veg_filtering.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982976866.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200936-00279-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892868 | 439 | 3.953125 | 4 |
Sir Edward Burne-Jones's Medievalist The Beguiling of Merlin (1874) reflects the artist's ideas of "love, infatuation, power, entrapment and betrayal" (Liverpool Museum). Burne-Jones's romantic obsession with Sir Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur contributed to his artistic worship of beauty above all else. According to Wood, this image, exhibited in the historic Grosvenor Gallery opening in 1877, illustrates an episode from the French medieval Romance of Merlin. The scene shows Nimue, a Lady of the Lake, casting Merlin into a deep sleep through her spells. Merlin, after falling in love with Nimue, consented to teach her his skills in enchantment. Here woman stands in the position of power, holding a book of spells, while Merlin lies helpless and subdued, entangled in the trappings of the hawthorn bush and in his love for Nimue.
Burne-Jones shows Nimue standing forcefully over Merlin, who falters weakly under her enchanting gaze. The snakes wound in her hair recall the Medusa of classical mythology, who turned those who looked at her into stone. Nimue's stance dictates the movement of the entire scene, as the sinewy, arching branches of the hawthorn echo the curve of her neck. Elaborate drapery detailed in the figures' clothing accentuates their placement and stance in the composition, as does the dark color of their clothing placed against the pale brown and white of the hawthorn bush. The composition positions Merlin so that the movement of the Nimue's figure and the hawthorn bush seem to press him closer the ground, causing him to recoil as if under physical pressure. Nimue holds the book of spells away from her body and away from Merlin, emphasizing that she holds the power of enchantment and of motion while he remains defenseless and immobilized.
Burne-Jones painted the head of Nimue from that of Maria Zambaco, with whom shared a romance between 1868 and 1871. In a letter to his friend Helen Gaskell (image) in 1893 (Liverpool Museum), he hinted that when he used Maria's head as inspiration for Nimue's figure, he perhaps paralleled his own love and infatuation for Maria with Merlin's susceptibility to Nimue's guileful powers of love and enchantment.
1. Upon the opening of the Grosvenor Gallery exhibit, Henry James reportedly called Burne-Jones' paintings "by far the most interesting things in the Grosvenor Gallery . . . in the palace of art there are many chambers, and that of which Mr Burne-Jones holds the key is a wondrous museum. His imagination, his fertility of invention, his exquisiteness of work, his remarkable gifts as a colourist.... all these things constitute a brilliant distinction" (Liverpool Museum). What distinguishes Burne-Jones' work from that of contemporary PRB artists? What makes a work characteristically identifiable as belonging to Burne-Jones?
2. How does Burne-Jones's version of the femme fatale, embodied here in the figure of Nimue, differ from that of Rossetti?
3. Why did Arthurian Legend appeal so much to Burne-Jones? How does his personal interpretation of Pre-Raphaelite Italianate and classical ideas reveal itself in the image's mood, color, and drapery?
5. Does the work foretell any inclination to the Aesthetic movement? If so, how?
6. Waters noted that "the whole of Burne-Jones's work is concerned with the psychology of love." How does Burne-Jones's psychology of love compare with that of other PRB artists we have looked at, for example Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti?
Waters, Bill. Burne-Jones -- A Quest for Love: Works by Sir Edward Burne-Jones Bt and Related Works by Contemporary Artists. London: Peter Nahum, 1993. Catalogue number 7.
Wood, Christopher. The Pre-Raphaelites. New York: Studio/Viking, 1981.
Last modified 26 October 2004 | <urn:uuid:91646e9c-6fa4-44f1-8b73-423ff2891d66> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/bj/paintings/edwards7.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609532128.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005212-00018-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940257 | 853 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Airbus is looking to verify preliminary findings on the risks of volcanic ash to aircraft by conducting a test flight in formation with a suitably-equipped sampling aircraft.
The airframer has already performed assessment flights, using A340-600 and A380 aircraft, through airspace predicted by computer modelling to be ash-contaminated from the recent Icelandic eruption.
No evidence of damage to the aircraft or their engines was subsequently found.
But Airbus says that, because the test flights did not sample the atmosphere, the results are only of limited value in terms of determining safe thresholds.
"What we need now is a second aircraft flying in parallel with ours," says a spokesman for Airbus.
"We need to validate the models. Only an aircraft which can measure concentrations can bring a result."
No date has been set to conduct the flights. But the spokesman says the test would probably need to be co-ordinated with a specialist organisation, such as Germany's DLR or the UK's NERC, each of which carried out measurement flights after the April eruption. | <urn:uuid:58c70bb9-a527-489c-a7e0-0f7ffa2f2ac5> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-ash-measurement-must-verify-test-flight-findings-342343/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824225.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020135519-20171020155519-00048.warc.gz | en | 0.972642 | 216 | 2.875 | 3 |
Trailblazing Female Marine Passes Away At 95Jacob H.
Cpl. Veronica Byrnes Bradley, United States Marine Corps, was one of the first 25 women to serve in the corps, enlisting in the Marine Corps Women’s Reserve when she was 19 years old. On February 28, at the age of 95, Bradley passed away after suffering a stroke.
The Marine Corps plans to honor Bradley later this month, according to NewsTimes, and her ashes will be buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
The Marine Corps Women’s Reserve was formed during World War II in 1942 to enlist women who could take on the jobs of male Marines stationed stateside so they could fight the Axis overseas. The Army, Navy, and Coast Guard had already started enlisting women in reserve units to take the jobs of men, similar to the civilian work of the Rosies — women who built aircraft for the military during WWII.
Cpl. Veronica “Ronnie” Bradley was stationed at Santa Barbara, California, where she performed aircraft repair. She also had the distinction of being the face of the Women’s Reserve, featured on its recruitment poster.
“BE A MARINE. FREE A MARINE TO FIGHT.” That was the slogan on the posters which featured Bradley in uniform in front of an aircraft. The poster was used around the country to recruit more women to join the Marines.
“We’d like to thank Cpl. Veronica Byrnes Bradley for her incredible service to the Marine Corps and the proud history she helped imbue into generations of Marines,” Marine Corps spokeswoman Capt. Sarah Burns said in a statement.
This week, Cpl Veronica Byrnes Bradley passed away.— U.S. Marines (@USMC) March 9, 2018
She was the face of the Marine Corps recruiting effort during WWII.
Semper Fidelis, Marine. pic.twitter.com/T0Ev1X1Mue
“We offer condolences to family & friends of Marine Corporal Veronica Byrnes Bradley (New Milford) who passed away today. She was the face of recruiting for the Women’s Marine Corps,” Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman said on Twitter. “Cpl. Veronica Byrnes Bradley recently received the WWII Victory Medal & CT Wartime Service Medal in a ceremony with fellow women Marines. Connecticut is grateful for her service during WWII & for setting the stage for women to serve in the military.”
As one of the first women to enlist in the Marine Corps, Bradley was a pioneer for women serving today, and her distinguished service set the bar high for all the women who would come after her. Bradley, however, was humble about her service and contribution to women serving in the military, telling NewsTimes last November, “I had a sense of being a good American.”
Semper Fidelis, Marine. | <urn:uuid:f549e7a6-9118-48a8-aba6-2273b4fac340> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://blog.theveteranssite.com/veronica-bradley-marine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861456.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618222556-20180619002556-00145.warc.gz | en | 0.966785 | 599 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Whole Genome Testing Not Always Good At Predicting Diseases
Researchers at John Hopkins University found that whole genome sequencing may not help most people find out whether their at risk for common diseases or not.
The team reported online in the journal Science Translational Medicine that they doubt whole genome sequencing can reliably predict the majority of future medical problems that may occur in a person’s life.
During the research, the John Hopkins team used data from thousands of identical twins.
On average, any two individuals’ genomes differ in 4.5 million positions scattered throughout their genomes. Whole genome sequencing identifies those differences, and links them to known or suspected contributions to an individual’s risk of certain diseases.
Identical twins share the same genome, and if the genome were a determining factor for common diseases, then the prevalence of a specific disease in an individual whose twin has that disease can be used to help determine how well whole genome sequence can predict diseases.
The researchers collected information on the incidence of 24 diseases among the twin-pair groups, including cancer, autoimmune, cardiovascular, genitourinary, neurological and obesity-associated diseases.
They used mathematical models developed by researchers at the university to help predict the disease risk.
The math models were used to calculate the capacity of whole genome sequencing to predict the risk of each disease based on typical thresholds used by doctors to initiate preventative or therapeutic measures.
They found that whole genome sequencing could alert most individuals to an increased risk of at least one disease, but most people would get negative test results for the majority of diseases studied.
Kenneth Kinzler, Ph.D., co-director of the Ludwig Center at Johns Hopkins and professor of oncology, reports that as many as two percent of women undergoing whole genome sequencing could receive a positive test result warning them of ovarian cancer. This result, he said, alerts them that they have at least a one-in-ten chance of developing that cancer over their lifetime.
The other 98 percent of women who receive a negative test for ovarian cancer still have a risk the same as the general population, Kinzler said.
“So, a negative test is not a ‘free pass’ to discount the chance of acquiring any particular disease,” he said in a press release.
The team said their analysis specifically shows that whole-genome-based tests are not highly informative for predicting cancer. However, they did find that genetic test could identify more than three-quarters of patients who may develop coronary heart disease, thyroid autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
“In families with strong histories of cancer, whole genome sequencing can still be very informative for identifying inherited genes that increase cancer risk,” Victor Velculescu, M.D., Ph.D., who worked on the study, said in a press release.
“But hereditary cancers are rare. Most cancers arise from mutations acquired through environmental exposures, lifestyle choices and random mistakes in genes that occur when cells divide.” | <urn:uuid:cd6716dd-88ba-476b-a23b-0ebd380bac53> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112507513/whole-genome-testing-not-always-good-at-predicting-diseases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430451452451.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501033732-00022-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944235 | 624 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Related occupations for task:
Select appropriate equipment settings and adjust patient positions to obtain the best sites and angles.
- Prepare patients for surgery, including positioning patients on the operating table and covering them with sterile surgical drapes to prevent exposure.
- Operate, assemble, adjust, or monitor sterilizers, lights, suction machines, or diagnostic equipment to ensure proper operation.
||Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
- Prepare and position patients for testing.
- Adjust equipment and controls according to physicians' orders or established protocol.
- Set up, program, or record montages or electrical combinations when testing peripheral nerve, spinal cord, subcortical, or cortical responses.
- Adjust equipment to optimize viewing of the nervous system.
- Position x-ray equipment and adjust controls to set exposure factors, such as time and distance.
- Position patient on examining table and set up and adjust equipment to obtain optimum view of specific body area as requested by physician.
- Position patients for treatment with accuracy, according to prescription.
- Enter data into computer and set controls to operate or adjust equipment or regulate dosage.
See all 18 related occupations >> | <urn:uuid:eec7f129-3eae-4c29-a6b2-0f05607c8891> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.onetonline.org/link/moreinfo/task/436?r=summary&j=29-2032.00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794868003.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527044401-20180527064401-00403.warc.gz | en | 0.856398 | 238 | 3.1875 | 3 |
What is Spasmodic Torticollis?Spasmodic Torticollis is an uncontrollable muscle contraction of the neck, and is also called dystonia. The condition can originate from a neurological disease or an accident. A spasm can worsen when you stand or walk, and the neck does tend to twist to one side of the body. Moving your neck too far can cause acute Torticollis. Neck muscles on the painful side are often tender to the touch. Sometimes the neck muscles may spasm which causes a jerking movement of your head. Spasmodic Toricollis can happen at any age, but more often in young adults. The condition starts gradually, but if left untreated it may become permanent.
Types of Spasmodic Torticollis:
- Tonic - Causes the head to be turned to one side
- Clonic - Causes shaking head movements
- Tonic and Clonic - Causes both kinds of movements | <urn:uuid:3d612a55-b1b8-4b3c-b73d-21bd279762ca> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://rockfordneuro.com/st.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011118294/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091838-00086-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920479 | 200 | 3.21875 | 3 |
By Esther J. Cepeda
CHICAGO -- Many adults tend to dismiss scientific research about the adolescent mind. Perhaps they came of age during a time when children, especially teens, were expected to behave as little adults.
For years the scientific community has made clear that brains of children and young adults into their 20s undergo physical and chemical changes that can result in high-risk behaviors, vulnerability to addiction and mental illness. Still, some adults scoff at the notion that teenagers don't have complete control over their actions.
A similar misunderstanding of the child brain seems to be at the heart of the increasingly vocal debate over early start times for school.
Though legions of doctors, scientists and parents agree that teens' circadian rhythms cause them to struggle with getting to sleep at night and also to awaken early in the morning, many people believe school hours should not be adjusted to these physical needs.
Take this sentiment, found on a debate.org thread on school starting times: "Kids in school don't need to learn the day starts when they're ready for it, that promotes laziness. They need to learn you need to be ready to go early in the morning if you're going to be functional in this world."
I'll admit that long before I became the mother of teens, I too believed there was some truth to the notion that you shouldn't coddle Type B-personality kids because in our always-on, global workplace, it's the Type A youngsters who stand a better chance of succeeding.
But the science makes a compelling argument against mere personal responsibility in waking early. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has just issued a policy statement calling on middle and high schools to shift their schedules to accommodate teen biology.
"Getting enough sleep each night can be hard for teens whose natural sleep cycles make it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11 p.m. -- and who face a first-period class at 7:30 a.m. or earlier the next day," said the AAP, noting that the sleep rhythms of adolescents can shift up to two hours later at the start of puberty.
"Chronic sleep loss in children and adolescents is one of the most common -- and easily fixable -- public health issues in the U.S. today," said pediatrician Judith Owens, lead author of the policy statement.
The AAP cited research showing that kids who don't get enough sleep are at risk of being overweight and suffering depression. Those who do get adequate rest are less likely to "be involved in car accidents, and have better grades, higher standardized test scores and an overall better quality of life."
Also true is that school isn't the only culprit in the sleep wars.
A National Sleep Foundation poll found that 59 percent of sixth- through eighth-graders and 87 percent of high school students in the U.S. were getting less than the recommended 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep on school nights, making them both chronically sleep-deprived and pathologically sleepy.
But how much of the sleeplessness is because so many children have text-, video- and email-enabled smartphones that buzz, beep and chime deep into the night? School hour adjustments won't cure this.
Still, I have pity.
When children are little, they wake up at the crack of dawn bursting to play, run and learn. Sleep-deprived parents vow to deprive them of their morning slumber someday. I know I did.
But today many kids are overburdened with college-application-boosting extracurricular activities -- or jobs that help support the family -- and are up late doing homework or helping around the house. When they dutifully get up at 6 a.m., as mine do, you have to wonder how adults would feel if all business hours started at 7 a.m.
There are many reasons to leave school schedules alone: parents' work commutes, sports schedules, and after-school job commitments. But let's not be opposed to it solely on the thin assumption that making mornings more bearable will breed laziness or teach anyone to be lax about their adult responsibilities.
Let the kids sleep.
Esther Cepeda's email address is [email protected]. Follow her on Twitter, @estherjcepeda. | <urn:uuid:d85547ad-ed83-403b-916c-6b706155b9b9> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.sentinelandenterprise.com/columnists/ci_26443000/esther-cepeda-one-sleeper-an-issue-could-give?source=rss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737922497.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221842-00074-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964638 | 892 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Why Is Technology so Important Now?
Most people can agree that technology means something good and positive and that it is important. At the same time, some believe that it has posed challenges and, in some ways, has also had a negative impact on individuals and society as a whole. However, technology is generally something that has, in many ways, facilitated and improved for us, humans. For example, what would we have done without the discoveries of electricity, fire, money transfer systems, and other things that are incredibly important today?
But why is technology so important? Throughout time, innovative inventions and discoveries that have had a significant impact on humanity have emerged continuously. Research and learning that is being done today can, therefore, have a great impact on the future and other generations. Especially when it comes to medicine, for example, when experts are now working to create a cure for cancer that thousands of people die from every year. Technologies help a lot in those developments. Or, in terms of education — with a wide variety of academic platforms available online, students can find the best college essay examples, tools for their writings, etc.
Important in Different Industries
Technology is important not only in medicine and healthcare but also in education, industry, business, retail, and many other areas. Technology is a central part of most industries. In many ways, it makes the work much more efficient and smooth, which in turn leads to lower costs and has a positive impact on the economy. As mentioned earlier, technology is important to facilitate and improve different aspects of business and personal life.
But just like with everything else, there are, of course, some disadvantages as well. With technology, any activity may have a negative impact on the environment. Still, now, a lot of work is being done to produce more environmentally friendly vehicles, fuels, and other things that can make an improvement. In addition to the interconnection with the environment, the Internet phenomenon also has its drawbacks. For example, now it’s easy to communicate and contact strangers, which can be risky.
The Internet and social media is something that most people use on a daily basis. In many industries, it is important today to have a stable internet connection needed for workers to do their daily work properly. Since its development, the Internet has enabled various parties to communicate, and users — to find information quickly and easily. Thanks to the Internet, many different job opportunities have emerged, for example, bloggers, YouTubers, and influencers.
Without the Internet, things would have been more complicated. When the Internet was introduced, it was thought that such an idea was merely a trend that would eventually disappear. At first, only people involved in the academic world used the Internet. Still, since the mid-1900s, the general public was also aware of the smart phenomenon. Of course, not many people believed that the Internet would become a necessity for us today. Check out QuickBooks Hosting
The Technological Development
Development is incredibly important for society to move forward, and that is not about technology only. However, technological progress has happened in a very short time, and the things we take for granted today is something that you couldn’t have even dreamed of just 20 years ago. With all the technological developments we have today, many things can be improved, and many processes can be facilitated to run efficiently and smoothly.
For example, what would we do without such inventions as the light bulb, penicillin, and the simplest wheel? Technological developments are constantly advancing, and new innovative ideas are being developed almost every day. If you consider the way technology has developed in recent years, it becomes clear that the technology of the future will probably be completely fascinating and incredible. Now, research is being conducted on medicines, robots, space, and a lot of other things. It will be exciting to see what the future has to offer in terms of technology.
We Сannot Survive without Technology
How come technology is so important to our society right now? That is believed to be mainly because today, our lives require technology. Without it, many people and businesses wouldn’t have succeeded. The simplest example is: you are in a new place or city you’ve never been to before. Then, of course, you launch the GPS and online maps app on your phone. It’s fast, convenient, and safe.
How come technology is so essential to individuals, society as a whole, and the environment? It does and means a lot not only for the present but for the future. Right now, technology is something we cannot do without. What would happen if, for example, the Internet suddenly disappeared?
Many things and developments that were made thanks to technological advancements, we take for granted today. However, those are inventions and gadgets that we couldn’t even dream of just 20 years ago. | <urn:uuid:c464a1c7-2b9c-4163-86ee-1de152e427c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.technobugg.com/technology-is-more-important-than-ever-why-is-technology-so-important-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00697.warc.gz | en | 0.972263 | 1,001 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Changes in Water Temperatures
Diane Masson and Patrick Cummins of Fisheries and Oceans Canada compared temperature contours from a single station in the central deep basin of the Strait of Georgia since 2005 with salinity measurements taken at the lighthouse station at Entrance Island. This allows them to examine how temperature and freshness of the waters of the Strait have changed over time.
Figure 1 shows the types of temperature contour plots that can be produced using data collected from the Nanoose station in the central deep basin of the Strait of Georgia where, since 2005, temperature contours have been measured.
- Figure 1. Contours of temperature (oC) measured at the Nanoose station (central Strait of Georgia) since 2005.
- Figure 2. Normalized negative salinity anomalies measured at the Entrance Island (blue) and anomalies of Fraser River discharge (red), for the period 1940-2011. Anomalies are computed relative to the climatological mean for 30-year period 1971-2000. A negative salinity anomaly indicates saltier water.
In Figure 2, monthly surface salinity negative anomalies measured at Entrance Island as well as monthly Fraser River discharge are presented. The salinity anomalies at the surface of the strait are closely related to Fraser River discharge anomalies. During most of 2011, large freshwater influx from the river resulted in fresher than average surface waters. | <urn:uuid:ca271a9c-8d7c-4559-b224-64e76de60286> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://sogdatacentre.ca/environment/changes-in-water-temperatures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824820.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021152723-20171021172723-00606.warc.gz | en | 0.901795 | 281 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
Understanding Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Before IMRT, radiation technology used large portals, or windows, which offered no ability to view or define the shape of the target or normal tissues in 3-D. Treatment was usually delivered in an imprecise way, exposing healthy tissues to unnecessary radiation. IMRT breaks those large windows into 40 small windows, which open and close as they rotate around the patient in an arc.
As the name suggests, the benefit of this delivery method of radiation therapy is the ability to modify the amount or intensity of radiation delivered to different areas of the treatment area. With the precision of the radiation, IMRT is able to greatly minimize exposure to the surrounding healthy tissue and organs, and maximize the intensity of the radiation to the cancer.
What Are the Advantages of IMRT?
IMRT is considered the ideal form of treatment by many radiation oncologists because of its accuracy and powerfulness. A series of IMRT treatments can be anywhere between four to eight weeks.
Advantages of IMRT include the following for this radiation therapy treatment:
- Minimized side effects
- Minimized radiation to healthy tissues
- Higher radiation dosage to cancerous cells
- Shorter treatment duration
How Does IMRT Work?
Computed tomography (CT) scans are taken of the patient and transferred into a treatment planning system. The target volume and normal tissues are contoured in 3-D. In older forms of therapy, the entire tumor and small amount of healthy tissue would then be radiated with the same amount and intensity of radiation throughout.
In IMRT, however, the radiation oncology team (physician, physicist and dosimetrist — a member of the radiation team) determines the shape and amount of radiation to be delivered to any given point in the treatment area. The radiation oncology team has greater control over the amount of radiation delivered to any given spot on or near the tumor.
Because tumors are irregularly shaped, and different healthy tissues have varying tolerances for radiation, it makes sense that radiation be delivered in different intensities to different areas. As a result of greater control over the intensity of radiation, side effects of the radiation treatment are minimized while actually allowing the radiation to focus more intensely on areas where needed.
Multidisciplinary collaboration within the Department of Radiation Oncology and with other institutions results in scientific research that is translated to the outstanding clinical care we provide. In addition, our standard of care is routinely assessed and updated to ensure that we continue to offer the most effective services to our patients.
Learn more about other radiation therapies available at Houston Methodist. | <urn:uuid:2f233296-8be3-46f7-b6fe-685ceefa30c7> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.houstonmethodist.org/cancer/treatment-options/radiation-therapy/intensity-modulated-radiation-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863972.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521082806-20180521102806-00510.warc.gz | en | 0.940791 | 546 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Hey Silver Dragons!
We know summer can be a busy and exciting time of year for students. It is also a great time to continue and improve their Kung Fu training!
For those of you who don’t know, we use a program called SKILLZ for our younger kids. SKILLZ uses neuroscience to help improve your child’s martial arts while also having fun.
During the school season teachers, assistants, and counselors are focused on helping your children learn and grow. But what happens during the summer season when these people are not around? It makes sense that as a parent you would want your child to maintain some level of growth and development over the summer in order to limit or prevent your child from losing a lot of the skills gained over the last school season. This includes growth and development in the following areas: physically, intellectually, emotionally, and socially.
With that said, one of the very best options is to keep your child active through a solid martial arts program such as SKILLZ™. Whether your child is currently active in a martial arts program and you are considering giving him/her a break from training over the summer, or you are seeking some sort of activity to get your child involved in, consider the benefits of SKILLZ training over the summer before you make a decision. To make your job easier, we have selected four of the top benefits and provided an overview of each one below.
The benefits that we are going to cover in this report are:
1. SKILLZ prevents weight gain!
2. SKILLZ prevents summer learning loss!
3. SKILLZ improves emotional stability!
4. SKILLZ improves social stability!
Let’s get started!
Benefit 1: SKILLZ can help prevent unhealthy weight gain!
Although it may seem like children are more active over the summer, the lack of structure also contributes to weight gain. Even just two days of structured physical activity over the summer can have a snowball effect on their physical activities at home. SKILLZ is so much fun, that children actually enjoy the physical workouts even during the summertime.
Did you know?
• Children gain weight nearly twice as fast over the summer because they are snacking more often, many times out of boredom or lack of proper supervision. At the same time, many children are also less active over the summer because they sleep in longer, watch TV longer, play video games longer, etc.
• Children who train in SKILLZ practice more at home over the summer since they have more free time to do so. This means they will enter the new school year in better physical shape than the previous school year!
Benefit 2: SKILLZ can help prevent summer learning loss!
Many people have an image of summer being a carefree happy time where “kids can be kids,” and take for granted the benefits of enriching experiences from organized activities. Even just two times per week in a structured program can make a tremendous difference in a child’s intellectual development over the summer. SKILLZ provides these benefits in a manner that is also fun so that kids can still be kids and not lose that carefree and happy summer lifestyle.
Did you know?
• For over a century, scholars have recognized that summer vacation is a period when children’s brain development declines relative to the school year. In fact, studies have shown that children score much lower on standardized tests when they enter the new school season compared to the same tests taken at the end of the previous school year.
• SKILLZ includes daily classroom activities to boost intellectual stimulation over the summer. In fact, children who train over the summer also tend to progress even faster because their brains are not “bogged” down after a long day of academic learning. This means children can actually enter the next school year even smarter than when they left for the summer break because their working memory and fluid intelligence are expanded to a whole new level of development!
Benefit 3: SKILLZ training can improve emotional stability!
When the school year ends, children lose a lot of key contributors that boost self-esteem. This leads to less confidence entering the back to school season. SKILLZ provides a great environment for building children’s emotional development in a manner that is positive and productive.
Did you know?
• Children that lose self-esteem over the summer enter the new school season with many fears associated with making new friends, meeting new teachers, and bullying.
Benefit 4: SKILLZ improves social stability!
Following rules are very important, especially over the summer when there are lesser rules that children must follow. This includes proper social behavior. SKILLZ develops proper social behavior during class, and those lessons carry over at home.
Did you know?
• Children that do not have proper social development over the summer tend to misbehave when they enter the new school season. At the same time, children that do not have sufficient positive social interaction over the summer enter the new school season with more anxiety.
• Children who train in SKILLZ over the summer tend to be the same students that get glowing behavior reviews from teachers during the first round of parent-teacher conferences. At the same time, children with the best behavior reviews are also statistically the students with the best academic reviews because they are not distracted by the repercussions of poor behavior.
The summer can be a wonderful opportunity to help your child not only enjoy a break from school but at the same time become a better version of themselves as they enter the new school year. What parent would not want to see their child enter the new school year physically, intellectually, emotionally, and socially stronger? SKILLZ training could very well be the best investment you make over the summer!
We can’t wait to work with your kids this summer!
The Silver Dragon Kung Fu Team | <urn:uuid:f328146f-7629-4496-bfe0-04ba9cc7de3e> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://silverdragonkungfu.com/2019/05/24/benefits-to-skillz-training-over-the-summer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060677.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928092646-20210928122646-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.952346 | 1,211 | 2.625 | 3 |
I’ve written a lot about the issues of dog importation and the diseases that can sometimes “come along for the ride”. However, high risk movement doesn’t need to be international. Any movement from a high risk area can be a concern. A recent article in Canadian Communicable Disease Report (Curry et al. 2016) addresses the issue of movement of dogs from Nunavut (a territory in northern Canada) to southern regions. The article focuses on a couple of rabies incidents that resulted from movement of infected puppies to Alberta and Saskatchewan.
The first incident was in 2013, when a Calgary resident that had worked in Nunavut arranged to have a friend bring a puppy back for her. She had seen the puppies while in Nunavut but couldn’t take one at that point because of their age. A few weeks later, the friend brought one of the puppies back.
Upon arrival, the puppy looked okay, but a little over a month later, it started vomiting and had bitten the other dogs in the household and the owner’s roommate. It deteriorated neurologically pretty quickly, was euthanized and identified as being rabid. Subsequent testing identified (not surprisingly) the Arctic fox strain of rabies virus.
- The other dog had been primarily vaccinated for rabies but had not yet received its one-year booster. The owner chose euthanasia over vaccinating the dog immediately and placing it under observation for 45 days.
- 18 people were identified as having had contact with the puppy and 9 received rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. This consisted of 4 household members, 4 friends of the owner and one veterinarian.
Interestingly, none of the other puppies or the mother were identified as being rabid. A rabid fox had been identified in the community that winter and Arctic fox rabies is endemic in the area, but it was surprising that none of the others had been exposed (and infected) as well.
A construction camp worker in Nunavut became fond of a local puppy and decided to bring it back to Saskatchewan. The puppy became sick en route and had behavioural abnormalities by the time it arrived. It bit a family member and had many neurological abnormalities when it was examined by their vet. Rabies was suspected, the puppy was euthanized, and the test was positive.
- The puppy had travelled to Saskatchewan from Nuvanut via Yellowknife (Northwest Territories) and Edmonton (Alberta), requiring multi-province/territory coordination.
- Two co-workers in Nunavut were exposed. They had returned home to Nova Scotia, adding another province to the list.
- The family member that was bitten received post-exposure prophylaxis. Because of pre-existing travel plans, the last dose was administered in Ireland, adding another country to the response.
- The veterinary technician that was collecting samples for testing cut herself in the process. She received post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Workers in multiple airports were investigated to ensure no one had contact with the puppy. Fortunately, no contacts were identified.
- The other dog in the household was behind on its rabies vaccinations but was boostered immediately and quarantined for 45 days as per the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture.
As expected, this puppy was infected with the Arctic fox strain. Littermates were not traced (in part because there is no veterinary or agricultural regulatory body in Nunavut). However, around the same time, another rabid dog was identified in the same community. Both it and a fox in the area were infected with rabies virus. | <urn:uuid:c89870bb-05c8-4058-aae3-e816f27f2d34> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com/2016/06/articles/diseases/rabies/moving-dogs-moving-bugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608984.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170527171852-20170527191852-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.985664 | 741 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A perfect landing in almost zero visibility weather is captured in this video.
The pilots are using what is called a CAT 111b landing system that guides them – and the aircraft – with pinpoint accuracy onto the runway.
Perfect landing! ✨✈️ pic.twitter.com/phr1zayQFz
— Airplane Pictures ✈ (@ilove_aviation) August 13, 2019
Autoland systems were developed to enable aircraft to land virtually blind although they can be used in all levels of visibility.
However, there are limits to the amount of wind component that an autoland system can handle.
For instance, for a 747-400 the maximum headwind is 25 kts (28mph / 46km/hr), maximum tailwind 10 kts and a maximum crosswind of 25 kts.
However for the autoland to work an airport must be equipped with an appropriate Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Microwave Landing System (MLS).
There are various levels of ILS capability.
CAT 1 has a decision height for the pilot of 200ft (61m) and the pilot must be able to see 2400ft (55m) down the runway. For CAT 11 the decision height is 100ft (30m) and a runway visual range of 1000ft (300m). CAT111a 100ft and 660ft, CAT111b 50ft and 246ft.
Most airports have only a CAT 1 capability.
The first aircraft to be certified to CAT III standards was a Sud Aviation Caravelle in December 1968 followed by the Hawker-Siddeley Trident in May 1972 to CAT IIIa. It achieved CAT IIIb in 1975.
The Trident had been certified to CAT II in February 1968. | <urn:uuid:abd871a2-db4c-4838-bbe8-723e5a264534> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.airlineratings.com/news/perfect-landing-blinding-weather/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00518.warc.gz | en | 0.922614 | 363 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Fact. Fiction. Truth. Lies. News. Opinion.
The media is under attack. Fake news is everywhere. But they can’t fool us. It’s easy to spot inaccuracies in online news stories, right?
A recent study by Stanford’s Graduate School of Education assessed more than 7,800 responses from middle school, high school and college students, between January 2015 and June 2016, in 12 US states on their ability to assess information sources. What they found was, “Overall, young people’s ability to reason about the information on the Internet can be summed up in one word: bleak.”
So, how do you tell what is fake news?
You could try the new tool Slate has created for internet users to identify, debunk, and combat the proliferation of bogus stories. It’s a Chrome browser extension called This Is Fake. It gives you the option to report stories as fake in your Facebook news feed. It is not clear what happens after you do though, and I have yet to see a warning about a story being fake, only the option to make the claim.
You could wait for Facebook or Google to start fact-checking information for you. Mark Zuckerberg kind of alludes to a plan in this letter.
You could hope that enough people like this Syrian refugee sue Facebook and force them to get fake news under control.
Or you could use this checklist from NPR…
- Pay attention to the domain and URL. For example, abcnews.com is a legitimate news source, but abcnews.com.co is not.
- Read the “About Us” section. Most sites will have a lot of information about the news outlet, the company that runs it, members of leadership, and the mission and ethics statement behind an organization.
- Look at the quotes in a story. Most publications have multiple sources in each story who are professionals and have expertise in the fields they talk about.
- Look at who said them. Are they a reputable source with a title that you can verify through a quick Google search?
- Check the comments. If a lot of these comments call out the article for being fake or misleading, it probably is.
- Reverse image search. If the image is appearing on a lot of stories about many different topics, there’s a good chance it’s not actually an image of what it says it was on the first story.
Students have long been instructed to use checklists to verify the accuracy of information, especially for research. There is a place for checklists, as long as they are current and relevant. As information formats change, checklists need to change as well. What works for articles in newspapers or periodicals will not work for online news.
And accuracy is not only important to students. There is much to gain from the internet, and it is available to young and old, educated and uninformed. It is up to all of us to share the truth and to expose the lies. As Wynne Davis from NPR suggests, “if you see your friends sharing blatantly fake news, be a friend and kindly tell them it’s not real. Don’t shy away from these conversations even if they might be uncomfortable. As said, everyone has to help fix the fake news problem.”
or…you could always go to the library
Libraries provide access to trustworthy information sources. According to this Guardian article, libraries are stepping up those efforts in light of current attacks on information access. But this is not new territory for libraries. The American Library Association made a similar statement in 1987 against government restrictions, misinformation, and disinformation.
- Do you believe that checklists, like the one above from NPR, are helpful in identifying fake news or inaccuracies? Do you think they are necessary?
- Do you believe it is helpful, or antagonizing, to point out inaccurate news when you see it being shared?
- Do you believe that social media sites and search engines should be responsible for removing or flagging inaccuracies that appear on their sites? | <urn:uuid:fb103988-0a92-48d3-9c0b-020a5f578d95> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://check967.wordpress.com/blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864943.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623054721-20180623074721-00414.warc.gz | en | 0.951323 | 842 | 3.046875 | 3 |
What is the definition of plant based?
Is the literal definition the same as the dictionary definition?
What does a plant-based diet mean for those who eat this way?
Simply put, a plant-based diet contains mostly products that don’t come from any animal sources. This means these plant-based diet foods come from plants instead, such as beans, grains, vegetables, and fruits.
However, for a diet to be plant-based, it doesn’t necessarily have to include only plants. By dictionary definition alone, this type of diet can include some fish, eggs, or dairy, depending on the individual in question.
In practice, however, and in a more literal sense, this type of diet should not involve any animal products at all (unless your doctor tells you otherwise). The best way to enjoy a plant-based diet is to go completely plant-based, even if it takes you a little while to get there.
Below, we’ll break down a little bit more information about this type of diet and help you understand what it is, what it isn’t, and why it’s a good choice.
JUMP TO A SECTION:
What is a plant-based diet?
In this section, we’ll answer some of the more common questions about plant-based eating and help you learn everything you’ve ever wanted to know about this basics of this type of diet. Form here, you may be interested in diving deeper and learning even more about the specifics. You might even want to try a plant-based meal plan for a week or two, or learn how to prepare some healthy plant-based recipes to incorporate into your regular meal plans instead. Learning about the basics is a great place to get started regardless of where you go from here.
Isn’t this the same thing as being vegetarian or vegan?
Not really! Vegetarians and vegans are plant-based, but plant-based dieting isn’t necessarily vegetarian or vegan. Since vegetarians still eat eggs and dairy, they do not follow a plant-based diet in the strictest of terms. On the other hand, vegans tend to be even more strict than plant-based individuals. One of the biggest differences is that vegans do not eat honey, but plant-based individuals do.
However, vegans also do not worry as much about cutting out processed foods as plant-based dieters do. All in all, there are several differences between these three types of diets, although they share many similarities as well.
What are some plant-based diet foods?
There are many different types of plant-based diet foods you will enjoy if you choose to try a plant-based lifestyle. These plant-based foods should always come from plants, should be as close to their natural state as possible, and should not be processed. Do not eat anything packaged or full of chemical additives on a plant-based diet.
Legumes, grains, tofu, tempeh, seitan, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables are all good, high-quality plant-based diet foods. You’d be surprised just how much you can do with this wide variety of healthy ingredients in your cooking!
What is the difference between a plant-based diet and a plant-based lifestyle?
A plant-based diet is all about what you eat. This type of diet focuses on ensuring you eat healthy plant-based diet foods that come from plants and do not eat any animal products. It also includes eating only natural sources and choosing ingredients that are as raw as possible. It requires that you do not eat processed food.
A plant-based lifestyle, on the other hand, is about incorporating this concept into other parts of your life. Doing this means you will choose products that aren’t animal-based as often as possible. However, it also means choosing those that are good for the environment, and avoiding chemicals (such as those in plastics) as often as you can.
What other areas of your life can be plant-based besides just eating plant-based diet foods?
You can easily make changes throughout your home to be more plant-based. For example, start in the bathroom or kitchen, where many items you purchase may contain animal or chemical ingredients. Go with plant-based soaps and cleaners, and make eco-friendly choices where you can in these rooms.
From here, branch out to your wardrobe and home furnishings. Do not choose fabrics made of animals, but also don’t choose fabrics treated with chemicals. Go with all-natural fibers as often as you can, and buy from eco-friendly companies when possible too.
Why do people want to go plant-based outside of just their diets?
The most common reason for going plant-based outside of a diet is because of the environment. Our environment is in serious need of help, and making these types of changes in your home is a great way to do your part to make a difference. You can also teach your children about how to care for the environment by showing these good choices in your home, as well.
Some people choose to go plant-based in their whole lives because of animal rights, too. Those who are concerned with animal welfare often work to make a difference by avoiding animal products.
When did this lifestyle become popular, and why?
This lifestyle has been popular for decades, although it began to see a rise in popularity in the 80s and 90s. At this time, more and more people were learning about the health benefits of going plant-based and didn’t think it was necessarily just a trend. This was also a time when veganism was on the rise, and those who wanted to give plant-based eating a try were more likely to do so.
The number of people who become plant-based every year continues to grow as this diet incorporates healthier options and shows better results over time.
Are doctors really on board with plant-based diet foods and plant-based dieting?
Absolutely! More and more doctors are beginning to understand just how useful eating plant-based diet foods can really be for maintaining health and preventing disease. This type of diet is particularly useful for preventing diabetes and heart disease or reducing the risk in many individuals.
In the past, doctors may not have agreed with their patients eating plant-based diet foods. Now, however, more and more doctors encourage and prescribe it, especially for those with risk factors that may contribute to common diseases as they get older. Even some mental health professionals encourage patients to try eating plant-based diet foods for depression and anxiety, too.
Plant-Based Diet Foods Are Here To Stay
As you can see, there’s a lot to learn when you’re thinking of trying a diet consisting of plant-based diet foods. Whether you’re going this route for your health, for weight loss, for the environment, or for some other reason altogether, you can’t go wrong giving plant-based eating a try. And who knows? You may find that you’re interested in branching out further and bringing plant-based concepts into your life from other angles, too.
Keep in mind that there are always some limited situations in which eating plant-based diet foods may not be right for you. Only your doctor will be able to tell you for sure whether or not this type of diet may be a healthy option for your needs. Some diseases may be made worse by eating only plant-based diet foods, and if you have trouble with protein, you may need to speak to a nutritionist about how to get enough of this crucial nutrient in your diet when you go plant-based, too. | <urn:uuid:90178d45-3869-408d-b727-8d2bec57a185> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://plantbasedperfect.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585353.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020214358-20211021004358-00247.warc.gz | en | 0.971504 | 1,592 | 2.921875 | 3 |
STATE IMPACT PENNSYLVANIA – A bipartisan group of state legislators want Pennsylvania to aim for 100 percent renewable energy by the middle of this century.
Identical bills introduced in the House and Senate would create a new task force and a center for clean energy excellence, with the goal of having all of Pennsylvania’s needs met by renewable energy by the year 2050. The aim is to avert the worst effects of climate change.
David Masur of the advocacy group PennEnvironment is backing measure, but he acknowledges it’s unlikely to pass the GOP-led legislature anytime soon.
“I don’t think the proposal will get done this session,” he said. “But every great social change movement, to tackle any major problem, has been when someone takes the principled position and starts that conversation.”
Spokespeople for the House and Senate Republican caucuses did not respond to requests for comment on the bills.
At a news conference Wednesday, Rep. Christopher Rabb (D- Philadelphia) said Pennsylvania has a moral responsibility to address global warming. He is the prime sponsor of the House bill, which includes 32 other Democratic co-sponsors and one Republican.
“The vast majority of scientists agree: climate change is real. And you don’t have to be a scientist to notice its effects,” Rabb said. “We’ve seen so many weather extremes in recent years, including hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, Harvey, Irma and Maria. Those last three all happened just last year.”
Sen. Charles McIlhinney (R-Bucks), who is retiring this year, is the prime sponsor in the Senate. His measure has nine Democratic cosponsors and three Republicans.
“Clean, renewable energy holds the key to promoting a healthier environment, a stronger economy and a brighter future for future generations,” McIlhinney said in a statement. “The first steps in that process are developing a workable, realistic plan to transition to 100 percent renewable energy sources and ensuring our workforce is prepared to face the challenges of the new energy economy.”
J.J. Abbott, a spokesman for Governor Tom Wolf, a Democrat, said the governor will review the legislation and is “committed to reducing Pennsylvania’s emissions.” Wolf, who is running for reelection this year, has been criticized by some environmental groups for failing to speak forcefully about the threat of climate change.
Pennsylvania already has a clean energy goal — by 2021, utilities are required to purchase 8 percent of their power from renewable sources. That law, known as the Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard, passed in 2004. At the time, it was a national model. However, since then, many other states have set much higher clean energy targets.
A Franklin & Marshall College/StateImpact Pennsylvania poll published last month found a majority of Pennsylvania voters agree with the scientific consensus that climate change is causing problems right now, and more than two-thirds say the state should be doing more to address it. | <urn:uuid:33599916-91c9-482a-99d3-b9994bb9fe25> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://wskg.org/news/bill-takes-principled-position-by-2050-pa-should-use-only-renewable-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363332.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207014802-20211207044802-00637.warc.gz | en | 0.953216 | 629 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The MAGMA was conceived to tell the technological, artistic and human story of the Follonica ironworks in its heyday, at the peak of its production.For much of the nineteenth century, the building housing the museum contained a state-of-the-art blast furnace for the smelting and casting of iron, known as the Saint Ferdinand Furnace.
The new permanent exhibition brings the old foundry back to life with three broad sections, one on each floor.Art, on the first floor, showcases the outstanding levels of specialization and sophistication achieved by the Follonica Foundry. The exhibition opens on the other spaces of the first floor with a selection of elaborate wooden patterns, representing part of the collection which is the true wealth of the MAGMA. Designed and sculpted by true artists, the patterns were used to shape the sand moulds in which molten iron was cast: they are beautiful examples of the teaching of the School of Linear and Ornamental Drawing that was established in Follonica at the behest of Grand Duke Leopold II.History, on the second floor, takes a look at the genius loci of the local district, which enabled iron production to flourish here for millennia. Here the exhibition focuses on Follonica’s local resources and the interconnected flows of energy sources, raw materials, humans and technologies that kept the ironworks running.
Production, on the lower-ground floor, in the heart of the Saint Ferdinand furnace, shows the complex technological system used by the ironworks to smelt and cast iron.
The highly evocative hall on the lower-ground floor of the MAGMA was once the true working core of the ironworks. The exhibition on this floor showcases the complex production process, highlighting each of the stages involved in turning iron ore into a finished product.
Learning workshops The MAGMA’s workshops are the didactic compendium of the museum’s permanent exhibition. They are designed to give school groups the chance to learn more about the many different crafts and skills involved in the artistic casting of iron, and to have a go themselves.Students can try their hand at patternmaking, learning to carve wood and shape clay. They will then be able to create their own mould and go through the casting process using tin, before finishing off and polishing the pieces.
Documentation Centre The MAGMA’s Documentation Centre is a point of arrival and a place of information, research and exchange. Located in the halls of what was once the Museum of Iron and Cast Iron, its goal is to build an extensive archive of documentation connected with studies, research and projects concerning the city of Follonica and the local territory.
The Saint Ferdinand Furnace is the oldest building in Follonica. Today it is both a showcase and a piece on show itself, a fine example of industrial archaeology located within the former ILVA complex, an area of great heritage interest.
The rawness of the construction stone together with the minute detail of certain elements, such as the natural light that floods in from above from the opening where the chimney once stood, contribute to creating a place of great impact.
The first challenge was that of preserving the point of the restoration effort and the original purpose of the space, which of course was completely different, seeing as it housed a blast furnace for smelting iron ore.
In an effort to evoke how different it was, we decided to include an art installation to represent the furnace, occupying the same position and bearing the same shape as the inner chamber. A device shuts out the natural light that enters through the skylight, restoring the hall to its original darkness. The mechanized covering of the overhead skylight signals to visitors that something is about to happen, marking the start of a performance that evokes the smelting process and the purposefulness of a town that grew up around the factory.
The installation is an attempt to combine narrative with art by creating an original and purely allegorical installation, a unique experience that stirs feeling and the imagination. Taking this idea as our starting point, we sought to weave a narrative between the past and the future—between a museum that has a story to tell, and a new community that will rediscover its roots in that museum.
On the one hand there was the collection of sophisticated pieces of remarkable artistic value, designed to grace streets and homes; on the other there was a whole territory to explore, with all its resources, contrasts, and people. This was particularly complex job, as it called for very different narratives to be created—the exhibition of artistic pieces, scientific information on the resources and technologies found, and the human and urban development of a town established in the middle of a vast marshland. All this in a building that had to shine through in its own colours, since it, too, is part of the story.
The use of multimedia displays to provide information is fundamental in a narrative approach such as this. Virtual space frees up physical space, which thus becomes more contemplative and evocative. Issues that develop specific themes relating to the pieces and their creation become a motive of investigation for those keen to understand the reach of a catalogue or the architectural morphology of Saint Leopold’s Church, without overshadowing the minute detail of the features and the sheer impressive size of some of the pieces, such as the flame or horn of plenty that grace the monumental gates.
The use of multimedia opens up many different ways to explore the pieces, enabling, importantly, the development and updating of the issues themselves.
All this would be meaningless, however, if it was not rooted in a new consciousness of local identity. Firm in this conviction, the project’s focus needed to be placed on the collective memory of the local community, to ensure a link with identity and with the social interrelations of the past and present. To put this process into gear, the community needed to be engaged in both the preparatory stage and later in the production and start-up stages. Thus, the museum was– and is - a form of inclusive participation, open to input and capable of enhancing its most pregnant aspects, giving them a voice.
It was not only stories and first-hand accounts that were requested to help in the practical preparation of exhibits, but also collaboration and professional skills. This is how the “Ghosts of Times Past” section was created. The room tells the collective story of the community through significant literary accounts (contemporary travellers, historians, scholars and modern writers). The backdrop to their words is given by a collage of images from public and private archives, from the cinema and from home movies, capturing two centuries of history in one great mosaic.
The voices and faces representing the last generation of foundry workers bring the exhibition to a close in a special corner on the lower-ground floor. Their accounts of their memories and experiences bid us farewell, leaving us with the feeling of an open museum that unlocks the door to new roads and horizons to explore—an inclusive museum, in which we find a piece of all those people who have chosen to contribute—and of a museum experience. This is the MAGMA’s mission: to be a museum that respects local identity and the scientific work behind the exhibits, while conveying a clear poetic message that leaves a strong, lasting mark.
The Best in Heritage
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Humans are creatures of habit by nature, but what habits we develop are primarily up to us. Unfortunately, not all of our habits are healthy or productive. We often stick to a daily routine without considering the consequence. Therefore, the first step to developing good habits is a sense of self awareness. In order to develop good habits, we must be aware of what our habits are. One needs to identify what daily practices are not serving their best interest and change them. We all have bad days, but we need not resort to unhealthy habits to alleviate the stress. Likewise, we cannot let boredom, anger, or anxiety be triggers for bad habits either. Look for healthy ways of dealing with triggers and obstacles.
Behavioral scientists who study habit formation say that many of us try to create healthy habits the wrong way. We make bold resolutions to start exercising or lose weight, without taking the steps needed to set ourselves up for success. The last thing you want to do is try and make a daunting change and fall short in your consistency because of how far it is from your normal. So, pick something more feasible and start there.
Lasting change requires consistency, and so does the development of a good habit as well as breaking a bad habit. Repetition is the key to learning. A habit is not something you do just once. It requires devising a plan of action to take on a daily basis that will help you change or develop habits. Once you’ve done them daily enough times it won’t take as much intention, and you can focus on the next habit you want to implement or break. One study, published in the European Journal of Social Psychology, showed that the amount of time it took for the task to become automatic — a habit — ranged from 18 to 254 days. The median time was 66 days!
So as not to allow yourself to be thrown off course, devise a means of accountability over this time of change. Whether that means keeping a journal, logging your efforts on an app or including a friend on your goal is up to you and possibly depends on the habit. Most of us have tried and failed at habit formation at some point or another. As a result, we end up feeling bad about ourselves, believing we don’t have the willpower, self-discipline, or motivation to stick to our goals. It’s important to actively combat this mindset by picking strategies to support you.
The point is, when it comes to changing habits, just start from the beginning and go until you reach the end. Then start again with a new habit. This approach can change your whole life. If there is anything that you don’t like about yourself, understand that it can be changed. If there is one constant in life, it’s change. It’s inevitable. So why not become intentional about it?
For legal advice call Brandy Austin Law Firm, PLLC today to schedule a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:94e58dae-a3a8-41eb-afae-123ec19cef78> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://brandyaustinlaw.com/define-your-habits-dont-let-them-define-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511170.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003160453-20231003190453-00391.warc.gz | en | 0.949432 | 610 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Fine motor development is an important component in a PreK and Kindergarten classroom. Unfortunately developing fine motor skills is not a part of most curriculums. But that doesn’t mean that it shouldn’t be taught! Thankfully it’s a skill that can be easily incorporate into the day-to-day activities.
I love using FUN activities like fine motor games to “sneak” in this much needed skill. To students they are playing, but as adults we know they are building and strengthening those little muscles that will be help them throughout their entire life.
The activity that I’m sharing today is just plain fine motor FUN. Roll and Match the Colors is the perfect blend of fine motor practice with a dash of academics. Stick with me until the end because I’ve got a freebie you’ll love!
This article, along with many other articles on The Printable Princess, contains Amazon affiliate links. If you purchase through the links I earn a small commission. Clicking these links does not cost you any extra but helps this website to keep great articles and freebies coming your way.
Fine Motor Games
Roll and Match the Colors includes a total of 80 activity mats or fine motor games. There are 40 unique picture mats. Each mat has two options: color matching and color words, for a total of 80 mats. Having two levels allows you to differentiate the activity or use it throughout the year.
You might start the school year with the matching colors, and then switch to color words once the students are ready. The mats are grouped by options, making it easy to print the set that works best for your students.
Each style of mat comes with an “I Can” visual directions to keep students on task.
These fine motor games are perfect for any time of the year. Eight year-round themes are included: clothing, food, monsters, pets, pirates, outer space, sports, and transportation. Each theme has five activity mats. The picture name for each activity mat is located in the upper right corner.
Preparing the Activity:
The mats are easy to prep. Just print on card stock and laminate for durability (or slide in a page protector). Students will need a dot cube to determine which space to cover. Quiet foam dice are going to be your best friend for this.
As you probably know, when given plastic dot cubes, five and six years are not the quietest creatures. There is nothing quite like the sound a dot cube leaving a child’s hand as it rolls across the table – now multiply that times four, five, or six – depending on how many students are in the group.
Foam cubes solve that problem. Here is a link to my favorite foam dice on Amazon. They are larger than normal dice so they are perfect for little hands and much easier to read.
Students will also need plastic linking cubes for this activity. If you already have plastic cubes in your classroom but need just pink and purple, did you know they are available on Amazon?! Yes, they are! You can find just pink cubes here and just purple cubes here.
How to Play:
Students will roll a dot cube and identify the color (or the color word). They will cover a space on the activity mat to match the color. Students continue to play until all of the spaces are covered. Once students have completed the picture you can have them snap the cubes together to create the picture.
For an extra fine motor component, add tweezers or a spoon and have students pick up the plastic cube.
You can use these fine motor games as a partner activity. Students take turns rolling the dot cube and covering a corresponding space. The first player to complete their picture wins.
There’s no recording sheets, so this makes a great morning tub activity. Of course it can also be used for centers, early finishers, indoor recess, or just for fun.
The mats can be used with or without the dot cube. If you’re short on time, students can simply use the model image on the mat to assemble the picture using plastic cubes. For a longer activity, add the dot cube option and have students assemble the picture once the mat is filled.
Roll and Match Freebie
I’ve put together a superhero theme freebie so you can try this activity with your students. It’s a sample of the types of activities that can be found in Roll and Match the Colors.
Just like in the full resource, each mat comes with two version: matching colors and a color words. Just print, laminate, and add plastic cubes.
Then you’re set! Try using these as a morning tub activity, early finisher, or as a center activity. | <urn:uuid:c268be48-5eca-411e-9144-c8d4e0765d38> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.theprintableprincess.com/fine-motor-games/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370495413.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329171027-20200329201027-00387.warc.gz | en | 0.934057 | 988 | 2.6875 | 3 |
An anonymous reader writes "Astronomer Kevin Luhman just found the 7th closest star to the sun. It's a mere 7.2 light-years away, discovered using NASA's Spitzer and WISE telescopes. How could it exist so close for so long without us knowing? It's a brown dwarf — barely a star at all. 'Brown dwarfs are star-like objects that are more massive than planets, but not quite massive enough to ignite sustained fusion in their cores. Hydrogen fusion is what powers the Sun, and makes it hot; it's the mighty pressure of the Sun's core that makes that happen. Brown dwarfs don't have the oomph needed to keep that going.' This small almost-star is downright chilly at around 225-260 Kelvin. That's -48 to -13 C (or -54 to 9 F). As Phil Plait points out, that's not much different from the temperature in the freezer in your kitchen. He adds, 'It implies this object is very old, too, because it would've been a few thousands degrees when it formed, and would take at least a billion years to cool down to its current chilly temperature. It's hard to determine how old it actually is, but it's most likely 1-10 billion years old. It has a very low mass, too, probably between 3 and 10 times the mass of Jupiter. That's pretty lightweight even for a brown dwarf. And here's another amazing thing about it: It might be a planet. What I mean is, it may have formed around a star like a planet does, then got ejected by gravitational interactions with other planets.'" | <urn:uuid:ebe45df8-a493-4e31-b162-d621cf6ff06f> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://science.slashdot.org/story/14/04/26/1536230/frigid-brown-dwarf-found-only-72-light-years-away/informative-comments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500829955.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021349-00451-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963737 | 337 | 3.40625 | 3 |
In the rush to comply with various standards, such as addressing the OWASP Top 10 API, companies are looking at API security with renewed interest. Some organizations have begun using Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) to protect their APIs, but this isn’t a true solution to API security.
An application programming interface (API) allows various computer programs to work together by sharing data. An API specification details what data the original program will share and how the recipient program will receive it. This has allowed mobile apps to be lightweight, sending input data to the cloud or a server, while surfacing the results on a lightweight application on your mobile device.
APIs are used internally as well, allowing servers in an enterprise to rapidly share important data. APIs, along with microservices, are increasingly important to productivity and the economic survivability of enterprises today.
The sensitive data shared via APIs makes API security vital. It would be a shame if the API were non-performative, or worse if the API actually leaked data.
Unfortunately, that’s already happened.
In May 2021, Peloton, the exercise company, found that its API was not authenticating users properly. The resulting Peloton data breach allowed anyone to go to that API and get the name, address, birth date, and health statistics for any of Peloton’s customers. It was an embarrassing data breach, one that was fixed immediately, but goes to show how important API security is today.
To address issues such as authentication misconfigurations, organizations have been quick to adopt Web Application Firewalls (WAFs). WAFs are designed to filter the ingress and egress of data. Much like a desktop firewall, WAFs can filter data traffic from the application to known bad actors.
This works from a defensive posture—you recognize there’s a threat and you need to stop it.
And it’s simple—you don’t have to interrupt your development lifecycle to fix your API.
But, really, isn’t this just a digital band-aid on the problem itself? WAFs don’t allow you to actually test your APIs, so you aren’t able to fix the underlying problems.
Mayhem for API was designed from the ground up to test your APIs for performance, reliability, and security. It’s a lightweight SaaS solution that fuzzes your APIs to identify what’s really causing those 400s and 500s. It saves you time by showing you the stack trace of where the problem is. It integrates fully into your software development lifecycle, automating the test runs with each merge request.
And the OWASP API Top 10? Mayhem has you covered there, too, by integrating the OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) open source tool, so you can be sure your organization complies with each item. Better, Mayhem prioritizes the ZAP results, ranking them by severity and filtering out duplicates, so that you can focus your development time on what matters most.
Why put a band-aid on it when you can address and heal the problems at their source? Sign up today for a free version of Mayhem for API.
Get started with Mayhem today for fast, comprehensive, API security.
Thank you for subscribing! | <urn:uuid:00d112eb-79c3-44ef-b073-e9708acca4f6> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://forallsecure.com/blog/if-youre-only-doing-waf-youre-doing-api-security-wrong | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948867.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328135732-20230328165732-00593.warc.gz | en | 0.941769 | 709 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Data sharing is essentially the process of allowing additional researchers use of data that has already visit been manufactured for them. Due to this, researchers usually share the completed manuscripts and research data with one another in the hopes that it may spur new interest that help advance the field of study. Yet , sharing is known as a two-way street, where one aspect needs to supply data for the other side to take it. Info sharing is often regulated by several money bodies, academic institutions, and publishing venues because openness and openness are considered to be a fundamental part of the scientific procedure.
Sharing info with money agencies is frequently a lengthy and arduous method; most financing organizations will require in least 3 years of good research experience before they will consider your manuscript worthy of being shared. However , the fact that your work is not yet full can be an more impediment to sharing with money agencies, especially if it hampers progress of your current work. You will also desire to discuss your plan having a data operations team that will work with you to ascertain exactly how pursuit data will be utilized.
Additionally, it is important to show data with publishers and also other interested get-togethers because marketers play a major role in determining the success or failure of a published manuscript. Publishers generally make a decision based upon the extent of study quality shared and the impression the research results have created. Writing research ethics data is certainly therefore necessary for the long-term success of a published manuscript. For this justification, many web publishers will not likely accept manuscripts that do not really include all the data that is certainly necessary for their particular assessment. Data sharing with various other researchers can be achieved through working immediately with these individuals. However , any time this method is impossible, editors and publishers will often review and sign the documents demonstrating that the work contains met certain requirements of the paper society. | <urn:uuid:0e93f674-ed29-4d33-b1a8-8fb2fbf27a56> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://erieefree.com/what-is-data-posting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711001.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205000525-20221205030525-00018.warc.gz | en | 0.963435 | 371 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Talent of the Year 2020 - FINALIST: Sergey Parshukov
The capital of a disappearing world
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Economic instability, resources exhaustibility, scientific and technological progress, policy change, production stoppage. These and other processes lead to the appearance of dozens single-industry cities on the Russia map, their gradual collapse and disappearance. Behind the global processes there are fates of hundred thousands people. People were left alone with their problems. Their houses are being devalued, their professions are no longer needed by either the country or business, and their lives are no longer valued by anyone else. In their home towns, kindergartens, schools, hospitals, theatres and shops are being closed. People lose their jobs, hope and future. Vorkuta is one of the representatives of such places. The city in the place fettered by the permafrost, was founded in the 1930s in the north of the Komi Republic in Russia. You can get there by air or train. The first people came here to create another coal mining center to meet the needs of the Soviet Union. For the last 80 years, this has been the main production facility. But now only four out of thirteen mines are functioning. Almost immediately after its foundation, Vorkuta got one of the largest camps in Gulag, where prisoners from all over the world were exiled. By 1951 there were 73 thousand people in it, including foreigners. That is why the city was given the second unofficial name "capital of the world". Many people, having served their sentences, remained in this harsh region. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, some descendants of prisoners took advantage of the right to repatriation, and returned to their native countries. Vorkuta is the fourth largest city beyond the Arctic Circle, the most eastern city in Europe. It consists of the city itself and the workers' settlements surrounding it by a dense ring. Vorkuta's population is rapidly shrinking - it ranks first in the country in terms of the population decline rate. If in the 1990s more than 110 thousand people lived here, now it is less than 60 thousand. The villages built at the mines were the first to die out. Nowadays, most of them look like ghost towns. People leave their furnished houses and apartments, throw away things that are too expensive to take out of the remote place of Russia. They leave their stories and their lives in Vorkuta.
Sergey Parshukov — documentary photographer, photojournalist based in the Komi Republic, Russia. Personal projects include social issues, daily life of provincial towns and villages. | <urn:uuid:781189d3-71c0-4180-8fff-3fdb57ecc02d> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://internationalphotogrant.com/winners-gallery/ipg-talent-of-the-year-2020/talent-of-the-year-2020/finalist/1195 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654097.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608035801-20230608065801-00088.warc.gz | en | 0.973247 | 549 | 2.828125 | 3 |
- “This is not depression, just ordinary laziness”, “working people don’t have time for depression and stress”, “drink and everything will go away” – with such phrases people usually “finish off” their loved ones who suffer this disease. Yes, it is a disease. After all, doctors believe that depression is a mental disorder that has been encountered by more than 264 million people in the world. Even single gorgeous women looking for a husband online can be among them.
Depression is different from ordinary mood swings and short-term emotional reactions to challenges in everyday life. This is a serious mental condition that can even lead to suicide. And despite the well-known effective treatments for mental disorders, more than 80% of people in low- and middle-income countries do not receive treatment for their disorder. Today we will talk about how to get rid of depression and help others in these terms.
- What is depression?
Depression is not only a bad mood, causeless gloom and tearfulness. In a patient suffering from depression, the following symptoms appear: feeling disappointed in life, “laziness attacks”, insomnia torments, sexual desire disappears; tiredness and lack of energy do not allow them to cope with the usual household chores.
The patient is in a bleak, depressed state, loses faith in the future, an inexplicable feeling of guilt appears. Appetite disappears, or, on the contrary, there is a need to overeat. Sometimes a patient tries to dissolve the sorrows in alcohol or resort to the use of psychoactive substances that provide temporary relief. Depression is often disguised as a somatic (bodily) disease. In this case, the symptoms of depression can be as follows: a person will complain, first of all, of loss of capacity for work, weakness, weight loss, high blood pressure, heartbeat, pain in the abdomen, joints, back, etc., talk about a bad general health, loss of strength, etc.
In severe cases, suicidal thoughts arise (as a radical solution to all problems and getting rid of mental pain). Such a person urgently needs professional depression help!
- Main reasons for depression. The causes of depression and the proper treatment can vary. Learning how to cope with depression requires defining them. Depression is usually the sum of biological, psychological, and social factors; rarely, only one specific cause leads to depression. Heredity, conditions of early development and features of human life determine the degree of susceptibility to depression.
-The likelihood of depression increases, for example, in cases of a difficult childhood, when the child is subjected to physical, mental or sexual abuse or is abandoned. Fighting depression of this type takes the longest and the patient needs a professional supervising of a psychotherapist.
-Depression may be the result of any excessively difficult, sad, or complex events. Int this case overcoming depression requires help from the side, especially those of friends and relatives. Never let your dear person overcome mentally destructing events on their own.
-The cause of depression can be a physical illness, such as dementia, thyroid dysfunction, or Parkinson’s disease. In some people, depression can cause side effects after taking certain medications, drugs, and alcohol. The development of depression can also be influenced by hormonal causes or lack of sunlight in winter.
- Main signs of depression. The symptoms of depression are described below. Based on the severity of symptoms, depression can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe.
Depressed mood includes despondency, sadness, lethargy, and irritability. The future seems bleak and meaningless. Tearfulness can significantly increase.
Loss of pleasure
Things that used to bring a good mood are no longer satisfactory or not interesting. Joy disappeared from life. To overcome depression sometimes a person just needs to start a new hobby.
Depression causes a loss of initiative, inertia and a feeling of fatigue, it seems that energy is not enough even for small things. Dealing with depression needs the initiative of the person suffering from it, that is why it can be hard for the relatives to watch their dear person in such a state being unable to change anything.
Loss of self-confidence or low self-esteem
Thoughts about one’s own weakness and worthlessness are typical; belief in one’s own success is very weak.
Excessive self-criticism or unreasonable guilt
A person feels guilty and deserving of punishment. Feelings of guilt often arise in relation to such problems that the person is not able to influence or in which they did not even make mistakes.
- How to overcome depression. In the next paragraph, we consider what to do when depressed and which medical treatments and kinds of psychological help from the outside the person should undergo.
There are many antidepressants that can be used to influence the biological causes of depression (changes in brain activity, hormonal levels, etc). The officially recommended treatment for depression is based on a combination of drugs and psychotherapy. Sometimes a person suffering from depression can feel so tired that they are not able to participate in psychotherapy or any other analysis of a difficult life situation without medical assistance.
It has been proven that psychotherapy is an effective way to overcome depression. Psychotherapy helps to cure depression, including for the following reasons:
-With the help of psychotherapy, a person can learn to better recognize their thoughts and develop the ability to manage them.
-They can understand why they think in a certain way and how to beat depression.
-There comes an understanding of the causes and circumstances of depression. Thus, it becomes possible to overcome sorrow and difficult situations.
A support group or rehabilitation course
A support group implies a form of work in which people experiencing more or less similar situations or problems share their experiences with each other on how to stop being depressed. The support group is organized on the basis of the principles of equality of members, providing the person with the opportunity to be heard and understood, as well as accepted and supported by the group members.
Overcoming youthful depression
It is facilitated by good relationships with parents and friends. Depression, at least, its diagnosis among girls is more common than among boys. For a depressed teenager or young person, social support is extremely important. Good relationships with friends and parents contribute to the recovery. It was revealed that the majority of young people suffering from depression simultaneously experience any other problems. The most common is drug use, attention and behavior disorders, as well as eating and anxiety disorders. There are effective treatments for all of these problems. And after dealing with them, the patient can proceed to realize how to fight depression.
How to get out of the depression that arose due to a certain period of life or nature season? In addition to other treatments, light therapy is recommended, such as lighting with a sufficiently powerful fluorescent lamp. Exercise, especially in the fresh air, also often has a beneficial effect on mood. In addition to sports activities, proper nutrition will also help fight the disorder.
- Tips for peoples who fall in depression. It is not always possible for a person to understand how to help depression or even notice that they suffer from it on their own. But as soon as you get diagnosed with it, try to bring about changes and do not be afraid to ask for help. And here are some other things to remember.
Do not stop taking medicine on your own
If the medicine used is effective, it should be taken as prescribed by the doctor from 4 months to a year and even after the symptoms disappear. If treatment is stopped too early, then there is a risk of renewed depression. Treatment should end according to medical instructions, usually by gradually reducing the dose in order to minimize the by-symptoms.
The effect of antidepressants is usually delayed
From drugs, one should not expect a quick change in well-being. The effect of drugs intended for the treatment of depression will not appear from the first day of treatment, but it will increase little by little within 2-8 weeks from the start of treatment. Nevertheless, one should not interrupt the medication, despite the initial impression that they do not help or the fatigue only increases. Of all the symptoms of depression, insomnia usually disappears in the first place, then the mood slowly increases.
Attend a specialist
In some cases of depression, a suitable form of psychotherapy helps to recover better than drugs. If the effect of the prescribed medicine is not observed, the doctor can replace it with another one, change the dose or add another medicine in addition to the one already taken. An ideal treatment usually combines drug therapy and psychotherapy.
Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in recent decades. Today, more people agree that this is a real disease and no longer ignore it or blame the people suffering from the condition. To get treatment, a patient with depression sometimes has to be personally active. This is quite problematic because a person can be exhausted, and even a small step toward starting treatment may seem extremely difficult.
But the help and treatment received in time accelerate recovery and prevent matters from getting worse. However, people suffering from depression still often seek help only when they feel that they are no longer able to cope on their own. Do not delay a visit to a doctor, better be aware of the symptoms and immediately deal with them. | <urn:uuid:9fc4fc44-728c-4817-a09b-206122de8801> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://newspublicist.com/how-to-overcome-depression/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347435987.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603175139-20200603205139-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.954559 | 1,919 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Fiduciary does not have roots in the words for money or profit or cash. Fiduciary simply means: “of, and relating to, trust between individuals.” coming from fidere, Latin for trust. People say “well, we have a fiduciary responsibility to our X” to justify the need to make more money. The people who are using fiduciary correctly there are referring to an agreement between parties that financial outcomes will be prioritized above all. But most legal agreements don’t say that. They are neutral, and people infer that, when push comes to shove. And plenty of legal agreements actually have mission-based charters in them, suggesting that there is another outcome that must be prioritized above all. In these cases, then, fiduciary responsibility might mean maximizing an impact goal.
Conclusion: profiteering isn’t as justified as our culture has led us to believe. But now that the culture is changing, one must imagine that will, too. | <urn:uuid:997a7c4d-44fb-4a30-aeac-a587417d799f> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://kanyi.blog/2014/01/15/on-english/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337537.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005042446-20221005072446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96673 | 211 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Explain how changes in the money supply can result in changes in real GDP.
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat is meant by the fractional reserve system? Why is it fundamental to modern banking? How does a bank end up with excess reserves? When the Fed sells government bonds, the nation's money supply decreases. Explain how this works. To illustrate, you can construct your own bank transactions and changes in the assets and liabilities of the Fed and of banks. How do classical economists explain unemployment? Explain why unemployment insurance is a good example of an automatic stabilizer.
Post your question | <urn:uuid:ce3ffdd2-920c-495f-a623-240edfa96646> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solutioninn.com/explain-how-changes-in-the-money-supply-can-result-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00286-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891588 | 117 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Recycling as a process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects is very important
process which helps to decrease raw material consumption, reduces landfilling, energy consumption and greenhouse emissions.
We buy-out, sort and recover the broadest spectrum of waste in the region.
Paper made from cellulose fibres as we know it nowadays was first made in China more than 2000 years ago. Over 400 million tons of paper and cardboard are annually produced worldwide, of which more than half comes from recovered sources. READ MORE >>
Thanks to the almost infinite potential of plastics, we use twenty times more plastics today than we
did 50 years ago. However, popularity and a wide range of plastic material poses a challenge for the
recycling industry to a certain extent. In spite of all, recycling processes significantly reduce the consumption of raw materials, energy, water and air pollution and, and above all the amount of plastics coming to landfills. READ MORE >>
Metals are generally divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. Steel and an iron alloys containing carbon are by far the most recycled ferrous materials in the world. Total steel production reached 1.3 billion tonnes in 2008, of which over 500 million tonnes were produced from scrap metal. The most commonly used non – ferrous metals are aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, titanium, cobalt, chromium and precious metals and rare earths. READ MORE >>
Glass bottles and jars are 100% recyclable and can be recycled “infinitely” without risk of losing its quality, purity or clarity. Recycled glass can substitute up to 95% of glass made of raw materials. READ MORE >>
Refrigerators, TVs, mobile phones, laptops, and many other electronic gadgets and devices have
become an integral part of the lives of most people. Every year, demand for new, better and more efficient devices is growing at an average rate of 8 %, with more than 300 million computers and around one billion mobile phones being produced each year. READ MORE >>
Even though the world’s wood consumption is growing, the recycling rate of this raw material is still at a relatively low level, at around 10 – 15%, with wood accounting for up to 10% of waste ending at landfills. The reason for this is especially a frequent presence of undesirable admixtures such as various adhesives, paints, nails and the like. However, a number of improvements in technological processes, such as better crushing and more effective removal of undesirable substances mean higher quality of final recycled wood resulting in a wider range of its uses. READ MORE >> | <urn:uuid:7d12855d-6aab-4843-9d2f-07cbdb52a1c5> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://fecupral.sk/en/sluzby/we-recycle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583658702.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190117041621-20190117063621-00336.warc.gz | en | 0.946994 | 538 | 3.453125 | 3 |
ARB Research Seminar
This page updated June 19, 2013
Air Pollution Emission Controls In Europe
Axel Friedrich, Ph.D., Environment and Transport Division, Umweltbundesamt - German EPA
September 20, 2002
Cal EPA Headquarters, 1001 "I" Street, Sacramento, CA
A reduction in regional air pollution in Europe has been achieved during the past decade and it is anticipated that further reductions will be obtained during the next one to two decades. The target for reductions of ozone precursors for the 15 European Union (EU) member states for 2010 relative to 1990 is about 50 percent. As of 1998 an overall reduction of about 20 percent had been achieved, with results for individual countries ranging from increased precursor emissions in Portugal and Greece to reductions of about 40 percent in Luxembourg and Germany. In Germany, the length of time that ozone limits were exceeded decreased substantially over the past decade. The annual-mean ozone amount did not decrease, although the growth rate did slow to almost zero. Some of the factors that prevented the annual mean ozone from decreasing probably include continued increases in atmospheric methane and ozone precursor emissions in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The concentration of black soot in street canyons decreased by 25-50 percent in German cities during the past decade. Improved emission controls on road traffic and decreased use of coal are likely contributors to the declining levels of black soot.
The gross domestic product of the EU increased about 20 percent between 1990 and 1999. Energy use increased about ten percent in that period, so energy intensity declined about ten percent, reflecting an increase in energy efficiency of about one percent per year. Despite the absolute growth of energy use, a decrease of annual carbon dioxide emissions of about five percent was achieved, mainly as a result of fuel switching, especially reduced coal use, with a smaller contribution from increased use of renewable energies. The European Car Manufacturer's Association (ECMA) proposed, and the EU accepted, an agreement to reduce per-vehicle greenhouse gas emissions for new cars by 25 percent between 1995 and 2008. A variety of technologies are being implemented to meet these goals. For example, low rolling resistance tires reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by five percent, at very low cost and without compromising safety or increasing noise. For cars sold within the EU between 1995 to 2001, the ECMA has cut its average new car carbon dioxide emissions by 11.4 percent. During this same period the average mass, power, and engine capacity of new cars has increased 8.8 percent, 19.0 percent, and 4.9 percent, respectively.
Dr. Axel Freidrich is the Head of the Environment and Transport Division at the Umweltbundesamt (German EPA) and is the single person most responsible for progress in the European Union on motor vehicle and other controls. | <urn:uuid:d83516b2-295b-4c8f-b5c7-cfd93e9f05db> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/seminars/friedrich/friedrich.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042990112.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002310-00054-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948257 | 576 | 2.703125 | 3 |
|History of Fortification From 4000 BC to AD 1700|
|Byzantine fortifications from the fifth to the tenth century.|
FOLLOWING the withdrawal of the Roman legions from the outposts of the Western Empire and the fall of Rome, the Western nations were left to defend themselves against their barbarous foes as best they might. For many centuries henceforth they were involved in a desperate strife of a kind which allowed little or no opportunity for the development of military architecture. It was in the Byzantine Empire that progress in this direction was made.
Here, while the Persian frontier was maintained in the East, the advance of the Goths and Huns was held in check in the north and west. To ensure the protection of Constantinople from the onslaughts of the latter, a great wall, strengthened every sixty yards by powerful towers, was built in 413 across the west, the land side, of the promontory on which the city stands. Having suffered severely from earthquake, this wall was repaired in 447, when an outer wall was added and a wide moat dug before the outer wall. The walls are built of stone with a concrete core, and are bonded with brick lacing courses five bricks thick. The inner wall is 15 ft. 6 in. thick at the base, and rises to a great height. The outer wall, 6 ft. 6 in. thick, is constructed with a continuous series of internal arches. There are two wide terraces, or berms, one between the walls and the other between the outer wall and the moat. This noble fortification with its triple lines of defence, the inner and outer walls and the moat, repaired, and in some places altered, later, was a powerful bulwark of defence against the attacks of successive invaders; and even now, shattered by earthquake and neglected, is one of the most imposing and inspiring works of its kind in existence.
The fortifications of Nicaea in Asia Minor, though incorporating much work of later dates, are largely of about the middle of the fifth century. They have been ascribed, recently, to Justinian. But, apart from the fact that they resemble the land walls of Constantinople both in structure and disposition, it is not without significance that Procopius, in dealing with the subject at length, does not mention the fortifications in his descriptions of Justinian's works at Nicaea . Nicaea is surrounded by a double line of walls, the inner wall of great thickness and height, and the outer lower and less substantial. Both walls are built of stone with brick lacing courses, and are strengthened by towers, placed at frequent intervals, the towers being so spaced that those in one wall stand opposite to an interval in the other.
A large residential tower on the south side of the city, higher and more powerful than the others, must have been a kind of donjon. It was against this tower, then occupied by the Sultan's wife, that the Crusaders concentrated their assault in the memorable siege of 1097; and it was not until attack after attack had been made upon it that the tower was eventually brought down, and then only by means of undermining the walls . There are four gateways and three posterns. The walls of Nicaea have withstood many attacks. They repelled the Crusaders again and again and are still in good state of preservation.
Of the military works on the confines of the Byzantine empire those of the fortress of Babylon of Egypt, now called Old Cairo, deserve special attention. This fortress, built in its present form during the latter part of the fourth or early part of the fifth century, stands on the right bank of the Nile at the head of the delta, and not only commanded the river at this strategic point, but also the passage across the river of the great caravan route from North Africa to the East. On the side of the fortress towards the Nile, and directly commanding the passage, are two circular towers, each 90 ft. in diameter and standing 66 ft. apart. These towers are of exceptional interest, not only on account of their unusual design and great size, but also because they stand close together and are designed to correlate with each other. They are constructed of small squared stone with brick lacing courses, stand on foundations consisting of large blocks of stone, and are bonded in with the curtain walls. Each tower consists of two concentric walls, spaced 15 ft. apart, and of eight radial ribs which connect the two walls and divide the intervening space into eight equal compartments. This is a particularly powerful and scientific method of construction, for, while the combined walls have the effective strength of a single wall 28 ft. thick, there is a great saving of material, and the tower is provided with spacious chambers in addition to a large circular room. The heavy ribs, radiating toward the centre, offer great resistance to attacks on the tower, while the compartments themselves are a source rather of strength than weakness; for if one of them is broken into by a siege engine the damage is localized and its repair made relatively easy. One of the compartments in each tower, that immediately inside the curtain wall and facing the tower opposite, is occupied by a newel stairway .
About A.D. 500 Anastasius, in his efforts to put a further check on attacks on Constantinople, built the "Long Wall", which, from a point on the Marmora forty miles west of the city, stretched northward across the land to the Black Sea. The wall was about fifty miles in length, and was strengthened by numerous towers. This emperor also fortified the city of Dara, in Asia Minor, on the Persian frontier of the empire .
During the reign of Justinian great strides were made in military architecture. The Byzantine fortifications of this period are among the greatest works of military engineering known. Justinian not only strengthened existing fortresses throughout his vast empire but built numerous new ones. He rebuilt the fortifications of many large cities, strengthened those of others, and built or repaired numerous forts, his military works numbering 700. The building activity of the Eastern empire at this period is without parallel: the fortifications were scientifically and powerfully built, and to them the mediaeval engineers, both Christian and Saracen, owe much of their inspiration.
At Dara, about 140 miles north-west of Mosul, the fortifications of Anastasius, having been constructed hastily, proved to be weak and inadequate. Justinian repaired and strengthened them. He increased the height of the curtain wall by building a vaulted gallery, with loopholes to the field, upon the wall-walk along the whole line of the fortifications, and made another wall-walk with battlements above the gallery, so that there were now two fighting lines, one above the other. A second curtain wall was built outside the first, leaving a space of 50 ft. between the two walls. The inner wall was 30 ft. thick at the base and, diminishing in thickness, rose to the height of 60 ft. The towers in this wall were 100 ft. high. The outer wall was smaller, but was also provided with towers, so placed that they stood opposite to intervals in the inner wall.
One of the towers of the inner wall, called the watch tower, appears to have been of greater importance than the others, and a kind of donjon. This tower was entirely rebuilt by Justinian.
In all his works Justinian gave great attention to the water supply of his fortresses. Dara obtained its supply from a stream which entered and passed out of the city through conduits in the wall, strongly guarded by iron bars. At the inlet the stream was protected by the mountainous nature of the country in this direction; but at the outlet the stream was a source of weakness, since it provided an abundant supply of water to an enemy encamped close to the walls. By the fortunate discovery of an underground passage, which could be entered by a shaft within the city and had an outlet many miles away, it was possible in time of siege to divert the stream into this subterranean passage and so cut off all the enemy's supply.
At Edessa water was obtained from a river which ran through the city, and which in time of flood caused great loss of life and destruction of buildings. Justinian, by cutting a deep channel through high ground on one bank and building a wall of enormous stones on the other, diverted the main course of the river round the walls. In this manner he not only saved the city from floods, but also provided a kind of moat for the hitherto unprotected walls. The part of the stream still allowed to follow the old course was carried through the city in a stone-lined channel.
At Theodosiopolis the walls were heightened by building a gallery over the existing wall-walk and a second line of battlements above, as was done at Dara. Here the wall-towers were so strengthened that each of them became virtually a keep in itself, and could be held independently.
The above works were on the Persian frontier of the empire. The other frontiers and outposts, from Egypt to the Danube, received equal attention.
Following the conquest of the Vandals by Belisarius, A.D. 533-534, fortifications were built throughout the newly acquired territories in North Africa. Here it was particularly necessary to guard against the forces of revolt within as well as against the activities of enemies without the borders; and the military works were of great variety. They included fortified towns, such as Guelma, Thélepte and Bagai; open towns with fortified citadels, as Haidra, Mdauroch and Timgad; and isolated forts, as Lemsa and Aïn Tounga. The first two classes were at once military stations and places of refuge in times of trouble for the civil population of the neighbourhood of the district or city. The last were isolated castles occupying strategic positions, keeping watch over a plain, commanding an important valley, or guarding a pass. There were also outposts keeping watch at the borders. The Greeks had developed a scientific code of signalling from beacons, by means of which information as to the composition and character as well as of the numbers of an invading force could be signalled from station to station. Scattered throughout Algeria and Tunisia there are large numbers of these Byzantine fortifications, dating principally from the sixth century, many of them still in excellent state of preservation .
These fortresses, though often rectangular, differ greatly in plan, some of them having a very irregular outline. The curtain walls are from 7 ft. 6 in. to 9 ft. thick, and, where the upper parts still exist, are from 26 ft. to 32 ft. high. They are often arcaded on the inner face. The wall-walks are protected on the side towards the field by crenellations about 5 ft. high, and on the side towards the bailey by a low wall. They are approached from the courtyard either by nights of stone steps built against the inside face of the wall, or by stairways in the towers. Sometimes greater width is given to the wall-walk by corbelling on the inner side of the wall.
Towers of varying shapes, but most often square, project boldly out from the corners and sides of the curtain. They are usually of two storeys, the basement opening to the courtyard and the upper storey to the wall-walk on the curtain, the division between the storeys being either a stone vault or timber floor. Their battlements are reached by internal stairways. Sometimes the towers have no doorways to the wall-walk on the curtain, and are capable of being held independently.
The gateways are always defended by one and sometimes by two towers, one on either side. Often they pass through the lower storey of a tower, either going straight through or, entering through one of the lateral walls, take a right-angle turn within the tower before passing into the fort.
As at Nicaea and Dara there is often one tower which is larger, stronger and better fortified than the others. It occupies a position either at a strategic point behind and completely isolated from the curtain, or is in line with the curtain at the highest point in the fort or at a point particularly exposed to attack. This tower was in all essentials of its design and purpose the prototype of the rectangular keep or donjon of later times. It was the strongest building in the fortress, was capable of offering independent resistance, and was the place where the last stand was made.
Bagai, Algeria, is a good example of a fortified town. Here three of the wall-towers, projecting boldly out from salient angles of the curtain, are round, while the other towers are square. Occupying a commanding position on the north side of the town, there is a citadel, and within the citadel a powerful donjon about 85 ft. square. Haidra in Tunisia, and Timgad in Algeria, have well preserved citadels, each guarding an open town. In the former the curtain walls are built with internal arcades.
The citadel at Timgad forms a regular rectangle on the plan. There are towers at the angles and in the middle of each side, all of them square and all projecting boldly on the outside of the curtain. The principal gateway passes through a particularly large tower in the middle of the north wall, and was defended by a barbican. The barbican, which is of slightly later date, was entered through a lateral wall. The inner door of the gate was flanked on either side by a tower, now destroyed; and from each of these towers a mural passage runs through a lateral wall of the gate to the outer door, so that an enemy who had carried the first door, and was held up by the second, could be attacked from the rear by men issuing from the inner towers through the passages. In the south wall of the citadel there is a postern defended by the middle tower on that side.
Probably the best preserved of the isolated forts is that of Lemsa, Tunisia, a rectangular castle with corner towers. Three of the walls stand to their full height, from 26 ft. to 32 ft., and retain their crenellations. Aïn Tounga, guarding a pass in Tunisia, is of trapezoidal plan, and has a tower at each corner, one of which (a strong rectangular building about 36 ft. by 40 ft.) is much larger than the others, and projects entirely on the outside of the curtain. The gateway passes through a tower near the middle of the south side of the fort, entering at one of the lateral walls and taking a right-angle turn in passing through.
The castle of Gastal, Algeria, forms a single rectangle with a round tower of bold projection at each corner and a square tower in the middle of one side.
In addition to the above types there are also numerous smaller forts scattered throughout Algeria and Tunisia, here guarding a narrow defile, there the approach to a village or important agricultural centre. These forts are plain square or rectangular buildings, having no corner turrets and only one gateway.
The fortifications of the Roman emperors on the Danube consisted mostly of single towers posted along the river, principally on the right bank. These towers, which had been destroyed by Attila in 446, were rebuilt by Justinian in much stronger form, and many others were added at suitable points.
At Episcopa, near Silivri on the Sea of Marmora, Justinian built entirely new fortifications, designed by one Theodorus Silentiarius, " a very clever man." . Here the wall-towers were of such bold projection that they commanded every point of the curtain between them. The gates were not designed in the usual manner between two towers in the wall, but each gate was placed at a point where the curtain took a short right-angle break inwards before continuing on the same line. The gateway was at the side, through the short wall of the break, and was therefore hidden from view. An enemy attacking one of the gates found himself in an angle of the fortifications, exposed to fire from the curtain wall on his flank as well as from the gate directly in front of him.
In fortifying the Dardanelles Justinian built a strong fortress at Elaeus near Cape Hellas at the western entrance to the Straits. Here he constructed a wall of great width and height, and dug a deep ditch in front of it. Upon the wall he raised two storeys of battlements, the lower one of which was vaulted and contained chambers for the garrison.
When Belisarius repaired the fortifications of Rome, after his capture of the city in 536, one of the improvements he made was the addition of wing-walls to the merlons of the parapets, like those at Pompeii referred to above (p. 32). Remains of these merlons are still to be seen. . Belisarius also surrounded the wall with a moat.
The rise of Moslem power in the seventh century put the fortifications of the eastern empire to a severe test. Between 637 and 655 the Saracens had conquered Syria, Egypt and Persia; their fleets had swept the Levant and taken possession of Cyprus and Rhodes; and in 668 they appeared before the walls of Constantinople and laid siege to the city. The siege lasted until 675, when the Saracens were beaten off with great loss; but it would appear that the Byzantines owed their preservation as well to their use of that powerful weapon " Greek Fire " as to the strength of their fortifications.
Greek Fire (the precise composition of which is unknown, though sulphur, naphtha and quicklime seem to have been major ingredients) was a terrible weapon both on land and sea. On land it was made up into tubes, phials or pots, and either cast by hand or projected from engines at the end of arrows and bolts. On sea it was blown out of large copper tubes erected on the prows of vessels selected for the purpose. Water would not quench it but rather spread the fire hither and thither.
In 716 Constantinople was again invested by the Saracens, who attacked the city both by sea and land. The siege lasted thirteen months, and ended in the utter destruction of the Saracen fleet by the fire ships of the emperor and the rout of their army at the land walls of the city by his allies.
From this period to the date of its fall in the fifteenth century the empire was constantly assailed from all quarters; but the traditions of skilful military architecture were well sustained throughout, particularly under the Isaurians and the Comneni. | <urn:uuid:95f7fafa-2178-4cfe-b289-8f36fb24baf0> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.medieval-wars.com/books/toy_fort/toy_p01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982295494.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195815-00124-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978178 | 3,874 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Getting a job can be tough, especially in a competitive market. When there are no qualifications, a job can be harder to obtain. When it comes to library jobs, there are positions available that do not require education or specific library qualifications. Even new high school graduates are able to get a job at a library, though the position will not be for an actual librarian.
Apply as a library assistant. This is a job that is available to anyone that has graduated from high school and does not require any education. Unlike many other positions in the library, such as the librarian, a library assistant does not need to go to college as most training is done at the library. Even high school students can obtain this position.
Learn computer skills. Computer skills are a necessity in modern libraries. Everything from card catalogs to book check out is done on the computer.
Apply for technician positions. A technician at the library should have an associate’s degree, but it is not required to be a specific library qualification. Liberal arts or library related degrees are also appropriate for this position.
State specific skills during an interview. When interviewing for a job at the library, skills like computer knowledge should be stated. A library qualification is not always necessary, but certain skills or degrees can be useful at a library, especially the larger libraries.
Don’t apply for positions that require specific library qualifications. A librarian position requires a specific degree. | <urn:uuid:6f6e4cea-5677-4e8f-89b6-1dc3ac6c5460> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://careertrend.com/how-6494220-library-job-library-qualification.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886102309.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20170816170516-20170816190516-00462.warc.gz | en | 0.951702 | 293 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Motivation, Safety, and Community
As educators and administrators in today's schools, our job is about more than lessons, homework, and grades. Some young people struggle with serious or crisis issues, including:
- Bullying (vicious teasing, cliques, online/cyber bullying, etc.)
- Body image (beauty ideals, anorexia, obesity, etc.
- Addiction (alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, pharming, addictive behaviors, etc.)
- Mental health (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc.)
- Abuse (physical, mental, sexual, etc.)
- Sex (harassment, underage sex, promiscuity, "hooking up", "friends with benefits", sexual identity, etc.)
- School violence
These issues can interfere with students' readiness and ability to learn. But beyond the academic impact, we have a professional and moral duty to help our students as people. Our help is particularly vital when young people are confused, at risk, or seriously hurt. Our efforts and our choices can be part of the solution. The more we know, the more we can help.
This course is designed to help us better understand these issues and what we can do to help our students. For most of these issues, there aren't simple answers or strategies. Instead, this course will include extensive surveys and self-diagnostics (including clicker-based classroom surveys). These activities will help us reflect on our individual perspectives, beliefs, and habits. They will also help us reflect on the unique experiences and strengths we can draw on to help students.
When appropriate, we'll use facts, expert advice, and guest speakers to help (re)construct our approach to these issues.
Teachers from all grades and disciplines should find this course provocative and useful.
- Nurturing a learning community. Such a community includes a connected, caring, collaborative, educative climate. Climate is a critical factor in many serious/crisis issues.
- Being perceptive and proactive. Many serious/crisis issues can be mitigated or even minimized by proactive intervention, including early intervention and connecting students with specialists. | <urn:uuid:c9fa9f84-48e0-46e1-a8fe-b45660a2aff6> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.uwsp.edu/cps/conted/Pages/EDUC3-570Motivation-WT.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400379404.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123259-00131-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933457 | 441 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Whether you are a business executive, teacher, parent, recent college degree graduate, or if you fill any combination of these daily roles, it’s likely that every minute of your day counts and any spare time is valuable. So how can you use your time wisely?
If you have recently been in school, or if your child is currently in school, you may have come across a teacher or instructor’s lesson plan. Although lesson plans are typically pretty similar to agendas, they are usually much more detailed. These plans often map out goals and objectives, and list specific activities and exercises that will help students on their path.
If you feel like you’re getting behind in work, at home, or both, perhaps you should consider changing your daily agenda or calendar into a lesson plan: one that can map out both your personal and professional schedules. Creating a lesson plan for your life is actually very easy. Your first step will be to brainstorm a list of everything you’ll need to accomplish in the foreseeable future. After you’ve done this, add to the list some larger goals or objectives that involve these tasks Finally, you’ll have to indicate which tasks or goals are the most important to you so that you’ll keep them on the top of your mind.
Want some extra help planning your time? You may need to select a more specific method—be it planning by task or managing your time through the help of organizational coding. Take a few more tips below:
Planning By Task
Let’s say that during your brainstorm you figured out that you needed or wanted to: read some chapters, write an article, go to a doctor’s appointment, attend two meetings, and lose 10 pounds. If any of these tasks have specific deadlines, or dates (as the doctor’s appointment surely does), place them on the calendar accordingly. Then, for less-concrete or time-sensitive tasks, like losing ten pounds, or reading, mark this task on a calendar date that seems achievable but still acceptable in meeting your goals. For this to work the most efficiently, be sure to include both business and personal goals on your calendar.
If you’re using a calendar to keep you up-to-speed, color-coding can really help you maintain focus. Consider a method like: writing work tasks all in blue, personal tasks in green, and appointments in black. One funny tip: avoid using red! Studies have shown that red is the color most associated with anxiety and negativity.
Finally, whatever system or plan you choose to manage your time, make sure it keep you accountable and—to the best of its ability—happy. Good luck planning!
Jennifer Ashton is an adjunct professor for the School of Business at Rasmussen College Online. She has worked in business for more than 15 years. Jennifer has a Bachelor’s degree in Marketing from the University of Central Florida, and a Master’s in Organizational Management and Elementary Education from University of Phoenix. In addition, she is pursuing a doctorate in Instructional Technology and Distance Education from Nova Southeastern University. | <urn:uuid:d5718407-5015-464e-bae7-53685ca929ba> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.gettingsmart.com/2012/01/lesson-plans-for-time-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267155817.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919024323-20180919044323-00523.warc.gz | en | 0.956465 | 641 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Island of Porto Santo, Portugal, is aiming towards a transition away from fossil fuels into 100% renewables.
The Island of Porto Santo, is a portuguese Island located in the North Atlantic Ocean, 43km north east from Madeira Island. The insular territory gathers all the conditions to become a laboratory for the development of an ambitious project aiming at the transition away from fossil fuels into 100% renewables.
The “Porto Santo Sustentável – Smart Fossil Free Island” project develops actions regarding electricity generation, mobility, transport, buildings and industry. One of the aim of the project is, regarding Renewable Energy Sources for example, to increase the current contribution of renewables 15% to 30%, with more solar PV power and wind power, in electricity production.
AREAM (Agência Regional da Energia e Ambiente da Região Autónoma da Madeira), developed the initial project idea and an action plan to deliver the project, in collaboration with the regional and local authorities and the Electricity Company of Madeira (EEM). The project is now implemented by EEM, with the support of AREAM, the regional governement and the municipality. It involves several technologies such as :
The project is part of the European strategy 20-20-20, namely: reducing GHG emissions, increasing renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. Within this scope the project aims to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy. Regarding social aspects, the project will create more and better opportunities for local businesses, increase local employment and increase revenue, enhancing the competitiveness of the local economy. The Island also aims at a wider scale regarding the impact of the project. Indeed, the organisations involved in the project in Porto Santo want to prove that its example can be applied to communities many times larger, with firmer answers to questions about how to finance and implement such initiatives. | <urn:uuid:386909f5-d510-430c-a840-57d058781a89> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.fedarene.org/best_practices/porto-santo-towards-a-smart-fossil-free-island | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107871231.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020080044-20201020110044-00157.warc.gz | en | 0.899777 | 390 | 2.796875 | 3 |
As long as there is life on earth, there will be illness. New bacteria and viruses that cause epidemics are constantly evolving — but so is our response to them. We’ve come a long way since the Black Death wiped out much of Europe’s population in the 14th century. Each epidemic has brought its own advances in the legal, medical, and public health spheres.
Smallpox Changed Vaccination Laws
At the turn of the century,the states did not always respect people’s liberties in their attempts to control the smallpox outbreak. Policemen dragged citizens out of their homes, even handcuffed them, and vaccinated them against their will. Mothers fought against the officials who ripped sick children from their arms, to quarantine them in “pesthouses” (which people rightfully thought of as a place to die).
The Supreme Court ruled in 1902 that the states could require vaccines, but their power was not absolute. Some people would be allowed to opt out due to medical history or allergies. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts stipulated that a state couldn’t forcibly vaccinate people. Smallpox became the first illness eradicated through vaccination.
Tuberculosis Spurred Medical Advances
Humans have fought against tuberculosis since ancient times, with epidemics coming in waves over the centuries. Attempts to battle the disease spurred some of the first research in antibiotics. Tubercular contamination of milk was an impetus for pasteurization, a process that heats and kills pathogens, including TB. Although the idea of isolating the sick had been around since the days of the bubonic plague, it was TB that prompted the building of sanitariums for isolation and treatment.
Polio Changes Medical Fundraising
In the mid-20th century, polio struck fear in American hearts. The disease affected the innocent, leaving thousands of the nation’s children dead or paralyzed. When Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine in 1955, he had the support of the March of Dimes, which ushered in an era of grass-roots fundraising for medical philanthropy. Prior to that time, donations for medical research came only from wealthy donors. But the work of the March of Dimes, capitalizing on the broad public sympathy for polio victims, brought medical philanthropy to the people. Today it’s common to raise funds in increments of just a few dollars.
Stopping the Spread of HIV/AIDs with Public Education
The HIV/AIDS epidemic called for a different sort of intervention than previous illnesses: behavioral changes for the at-risk populations. The number of new cases in the U.S. has fallen dramatically since the epidemic peaked in the early ’90s. Stopping the spread of HIV has mostly been an effort of public education, persuading at-risk individuals to give up dangerous behaviors like using shared needles and having unprotected sex. Sadly, it’s proven difficult to fight HIV with public education in third world countries where mass communication is more difficult.
Diseases are frightening, and each new wave of deadly illness brings a wave of fear or even hysteria. We may never be able to stop new illnesses from developing, but we are learning to counteract them. | <urn:uuid:9d77c456-a1be-47ac-baee-0756d29c234c> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://mphdegree.usc.edu/blog/4-epidemics-that-changed-the-way-we-respond-to-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644571.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528214404-20230529004404-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.964047 | 654 | 3.75 | 4 |
In 1868 the tracks of the Central Pacific Railroad reached Truckee. From there a narrow gauge railroad, built from the remnants of the lumber railroads that had proliferated in the Tahoe Basin during the lumbering years, connected it to Tahoe City at the north end of the lake. This resulted in development of summer resorts at the northern end of the lake, but there was no similar railroad connection to the southern end of the lake.
The southern end of Lake Tahoe was still only connected to the outside world by the roads that had carried the emigrants into California and the freight and passengers from Sacramento to Virginia City. Because of this traffic, some inns, along with eating and drinking establishments had been built along these roads in the middle and late 1800’s. Amongst these would be one located closest to Echo Summit, a place that everyone had to pass by, no matter which of the two routes they took south of the lake. Its progressive development is in many ways typical of all others in the Tahoe Basin and worth looking at. It was known as “Yanks Station”
As mentioned before, the first white settler in the area at the southern end of the lake, a place known as Lake Valley, was Martin Smith. An real entrepreneur, he arrived in 1851 and built a simple way station at a place along the main road, seven and one half miles south of the Lake. When it burned down he, and a partner named Jim Muir, rebuilt it and added barns, a corral and stables.
When the first stagecoach crossed the Sierra into the Tahoe Basin in 1857, Smith and Muir’s way station was where they stopped. Although it was nothing more than simply a place to get minimal food and drink, a reporter of the time is said to have described it as “a spacious, well-kept hostelry…with obliging proprietors and…a respectable air about he place.”
Soon Muir would sell his interest to George Douglass, who ran another way station nearby. In 1859, Smith and Douglass would sell out to a very interesting character by the name of Ephraim Clement. | <urn:uuid:e9e9620a-4213-4827-a1de-609cb6409f08> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.dougstepsout.com/category/lake-tahoe-history/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987822098.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022132135-20191022155635-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.984342 | 454 | 2.671875 | 3 |
LIVE ART DEMONSTRATIONS, MUSIC & ENTERTAINMENT
The focus of artwork music within the 20th century was characterised by exploration of latest rhythms, kinds, and sounds. The horrors of World War I influenced many of the arts, including music, and a few composers started exploring darker, harsher sounds. Traditional music styles such as jazz and folks music have been utilized by composers as a source of concepts for classical music.
In some circumstances, a songwriter might not use notation at all, and as a substitute compose the music in her mind and then play or document it from reminiscence. In jazz and well-liked music, notable recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written scores play in classical music. Music is an artwork kind, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. Different styles or forms of music could emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these parts. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike; “art of the Muses”).See glossary of musical terminology.
In the humanities, the Baroque was a Western cultural period, which began close to the flip of the seventeenth century in Rome. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in sculpture, portray, literature, dance, and music. In music, the term ‘Baroque’ applies to the ultimate period of dominance of imitative counterpoint, the place completely different voices and devices echo each other but at different pitches, sometimes inverting the echo, and even reversing thematic materials. Some very stunning music was written to be used in church companies (sacred music) by the Italian composer Giovanni da Palestrina ( ). In Palestrina’s music, many singers sing together (this is referred to as a choir).
In this course, college students analyze the present realities and evolution of the worldwide stay music business, an area of music which now contributes approximately 60% of revenues to prime artists. This analysis of the stay music industry contextualizes the connection and power structures among the many primary stakeholders within the reside music trade, from the viewers to multi-nationwide promoters. Students study and consider the function of stay efficiency in creating artists’ musical careers, as well as the expansion of area of interest markets, including the global competition market. They additionally examine the event of promoting and branding elements.
We haven’t had it in the traditional sense over the previous couple of months, however it’s been great to see how the scene in Central Oregon has banded collectively to maintain music alive. There are plenty of streaming services out there to choose from, but Bandcamp is the most effective in relation to supporting impartial artists and the music that helps them survive. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Bandcamp has set aside days the place they waive their firm’s share of purchase fees to the artist.
Some types of music place an emphasis on sure of these fundamentals, while others place less emphasis on sure components. To give another example, while some art music items, such as symphonies are very lengthy, some pop songs are only a few minutes long. The employees who’re behind the scenes and centered on the business side are public relations people, talent brokers and representatives, advertising managers, entertainment lawyers, and distribution staff, amongst others. Music is a form of artwork; an expression of feelings through harmonic frequencies. | <urn:uuid:3c4766c8-9c3d-49e7-b7ff-e67d4b8ce560> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.themasskarafestival.com/entertainment-arts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00763.warc.gz | en | 0.959481 | 722 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Interwoven structure with 16 crossings is the one of the most complex ever made
A molecular knot with 16 crossings has been synthesised by researchers in Korea.
The knot comprises two molecular building blocks – an arene and a longer, bent molecule. Eight of each are required to make a single self-assembling knot using co-ordination chemistry.
Chemists want to be able to make knots and other interlocking structures, such as catenanes, as they can form parts of molecular machines. The first molecular machine, a simple trefoil knot, was synthesised by Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1989.
Since then, only four single-stranded molecular knots have been made – this will be the fifth, and has the highest number of crossings to date. The researchers, led by led by Ki-Whan Chi at the University of Ulsan, confirmed its structure using x-ray crystallography and NMR.
Last year, David Leigh’s group at the University of Manchester, UK, produced a circular triple helix with eight crossings that was awarded a Guinness world record for being the tightest knot ever tied.
D H Kim et al, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2018, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800638 | <urn:uuid:fa74203b-4591-4bc0-b53a-fc870700202f> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/chemists-tie-molecular-knot-with-record-number-of-crossings-/3009015.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251681625.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125222506-20200126012506-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.930899 | 267 | 3.359375 | 3 |
In the modern Age of Accelerating Returns, more commonly known as the Information Age, technological growth is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. Never before in the history of humanity has technological growth shown itself so clearly to the human race. As noted by famous futurist Ray Kurzweil, the trend of exponential growth in technology follows a double exponential curve.
One famous example of this exponential growth that you might be familiar with if you are into the world of tech is, of course, Moore’s Law, but in The Singularity is Near, Kurzweil demonstrates that other technological fields, including medicine, have been accelerating as well. Ray Kurzweil shows that technology has actually been accelerating since before the Stone Age, although a man in the Roman Empire would not have noticed any ramifications of progress considering that his grandchildren would not live in a very different society from the one his grandfather and he inhabited. For the first time in recorded history, we are commonly thinking about where we will be in 100 years, where we will be in 50 years, and now we are even thinking about where we will be in a decade as technology progresses into the 21st Century. If Ray Kurzweil is right, machines will have sentience, and AI, or artificial intelligence, will be greater than human intelligence, resulting in a hypothetical event known as an “intelligence explosion” or “technological singularity”. After this point, machines will be much smarter than average human beings and will be able to carry on progress much faster than we can even begin to comprehend with our natural brains.
In the wake of the recognition of these future possibilities, many science-fiction authors and script writers have created a plethora of media to warn us that AI and future genetic augmentation pose many existential threats to the human race. Examples that now dominate the mainstream media include Terminator, 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Matrix, and many more that warn us that AI might kill us all. Gattaca expresses the great fear of an unfair society of elitism in a genetically enhanced world where a man who was born naturally is unable to get his dream career because he wasn’t born with genetic modifications. In parallel, people demonize the idea of genetic modification by ruthlessly attacking GMOs and saying that they’re bad for us when GMOs have in fact solved famine in some parts of the world due to higher yields. People are always fearful of something they do not understand.
In the Golden Age of Science Fiction, a period during the mid-20th Century that saw many sci-fi works hitting the stage, spreading optimism and futurism, science fiction had a brighter outlook on the future. Isaac Asimov imagined future Spacer societies and a Galactic Empire in his Robot Series and Foundation Series. Gene Roddenberry took us on fantastic voyages across the stars in the Enterprise alongside Captain James T. Kirk and Spock. Other authors inspired visionaries to have a brighter outlook on the future as the Space Race sent the first humans to the Moon.
Today, we have, in a way, a form of cultural stagnation. While some still see the future in an optimistic light, it seems much more popular today to look at the future as a dystopia, and New Age movements all over the place actually act like demonizing technology is some kind of “morally right” position. Despite the trends of growth continuing to accelerate, mainstream culture seems to be propagating more fear of the future than hope and inspiration. Why are we doing this? While I agree that dystopian sci-fi has it’s place and that we should in very deed analyze and contemplate existential risks in our future that we might steer clear of, progress is going to happen and we are going to try everything we can to “play god”, as the enemies of transhumanism like to say transhumanists are trying to do. To them, of course, I say, “Were we not created in God’s image? Did God not give the Earth to mankind? Were we not meant to achieve our full potential, to subdue the Earth and conquer it, bending it to our will?” Indeed, this phrase in Genesis seems to be divine permission to modify our bodies and accelerate a brighter future. However, this is mainly an appeal to my fellow religious folks who may be averse to progress. We are not playing God because, quite honestly, God would not even make that possible. We are just using our God-given talents to hack our own genetic code and modify the machinery of our initial, still quite wonderful creation. To those Christians who say that we are insulting God and telling him “You didn’t make me good enough”, the beauty of mankind is that we were in fact created with the ability to modify ourselves. Don’t modify yourself with the intention of insulting your creator, but with the intention of becoming closer to your creator. Why would he give us the ability for self-modification if he didn’t intend for us to use it? It’s like saying that we shouldn’t work out because self improvement is some kind of blasphemy against God. Do you really believe God wants us to intentionally limit ourselves from our full potential?
Others may fear the coming of AI as a usurping of humanity as the apex predator upon this planet, and they may be afraid of a Skynet scenario where a rampant AI destroys us all. I argue that the solution is to merge ourselves with the machines, allowing us to cause ourselves to evolve. Ray Kurzweil and many other singularitarians would make the same argument. By evolving our own bodies and replacing our cells with nanobots whereby we can enhance our brains to the point where neural signals travel at light speed, we will be able to keep up with AI in the evolutionary arms race to come. You can choose to live in fear in the face of the Singularity that is coming, getting left behind in its wake, or you can step boldly and bravely forward into the new world that it will create, surpassing all your physical, mental, and morphological limitations and ending your mortality fully.
As I have written before, mainstream media is overwhelmingly sending out negative signals and warnings about the future, painting into the memespace, or ideaspace, of mainstream culture the notion that technology is a negative influence and that it should be contained and controlled. Society is largely crying for a return back to the caves because many people are fearful of what they don’t understand. This trend needs to cease. People need to see that the light of the future is much brighter than they think. AI is coming, and the technological Singularity is coming, and it’s going to be better than anyone can imagine. This is a call to arms; artists and sci-fi writers who see the ramifications of the future and how it can create an abundant, prosperous utopia, I urge you to write science fiction that portrays AI not in a negative, but rather in a positive manner. Show AI in a benevolent form and show how it can aid humanity in its future quest for survival. Show how it can solve global problems like hunger and global warming and cure disease. Stories that put the Neo-Luddites in their place, and show that the pseudo-religious zeal of anti-progress-minded people is ultimately a negative factor only holding us back from creating a better world in the long run. Know and understand that the content in the mainstream media has a huge effect on the minds of the people, and indeed much of culture is shaped by what is put out there and consumed by the masses. Transhumanism needs more positive science fiction to help gain support for the movement and to inspire the next generation of scientists and inventors to design the future we all desire!
Watch the U.S. Transhumanist Party Virtual Enlightenment Salon of July 19, 2020, when Rykon Volta was the guest of honor and discussed science fiction, his novel Arondite, and the ideas surrounding it with the U.S. Transhumanist Party Officers. | <urn:uuid:36f41bb8-ac94-4e40-9459-6030fd2196c8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://transhumanist-party.org/tag/technological-evolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00807.warc.gz | en | 0.954211 | 1,666 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Almas are reported to be hairy bipedal hominid creatures that are said to be found across central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. The first reported sightings of the Almas date back to the 1400’s. The name ‘Almas’ is used to refer to this type of hominid rather than a specific creature and is taken from Mongolian language, literally meaning ‘wild man’.
Sightings of the Almas continue to be reported in the present day usually describing the Almas as cave men or neanderthal like creatures. The individual Almasty is described to walk upright and is covered in hair which ranges from red to dark brown in coloration. Only the face of an Almasty is apparently free from hair and sightings report the Almasty’s skin to be dark.
Some accounts have reported that the hands of the Almas are free from hair, revealing long slender fingers and it has been reported that the Almas also sport large feet similar to that of the bigfoot. The shape of the Almas skull differs from a human skull and is described as having large prominent brow lines and jaws in comparison to a flat nose and a flat slanted forehead.
Contrary to the common description provided above, in 1964 Professor Boris Porchnev described the Almas as having skulls shaped like a ‘cone’ and commented that their dental structure was very similar to humans with the Almas having slightly larger canines.
Professor Boris Porchnev even claimed to have found today’s descendants of the Almas and that they are a humanoid species that live in underground caves. Professor Porchnev went on to describe the Almas as being very athletic and living off a diet of meat, fruits and vegetables. He also reported they were very foul smelling. | <urn:uuid:06b7fbd0-fcbe-4c3f-a39b-976ac546dddc> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://itsnature.org/cryptocorner/almas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250589560.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200117123339-20200117151339-00217.warc.gz | en | 0.972006 | 374 | 3.25 | 3 |
Dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago, after living on earth for a staggering 165 million years, foreshadowing the growth of larger mammals and the rise of the human race.
Within the first five million years of the Paleocene Epoch, large mammals had appeared for the first time. Some of them were the earliest members of modern groups, including primitive carnivorans and ungulates. The first primates (members of the mammalian order that includes humans) appeared about 10 million years after the K/T boundary event. Modern bird groups diversified as well, in the absence of pterosaurs (which had also gone extinct). Perhaps without the extinction of the dinosaurs, the evolution of mammals and the subsequent rise of humans would have never happened. And although recent history might well be called the Human Age, the time that the human race has dominated planet Earth is but a blink in geologic terms.
They say that the biggest mammals that lived during the reign of the dinosaurs weighed no more that 10 KG. I assume this was because they were the bottom of the food chain so time to grow and develop was very limited.
I know there are lots of different theories about how the world began and how the human race evolved. What fascinates me the most is all the wonderful amazing things that helped create this world, before I was part of it. I really wish I had decided to be a historian, when I was growing up.
Other great posts for this week’s photo challenge:
- Weekly Photo Challenge: Foreshadow (Pitt Theater) (serendipitychronicles.wordpress.com)
- Weekly Photo Challenge: Foreshadowing (mtlawleyshire.wordpress.com)
- Fossil of 65-Million-Year Mammal Found in China, Offers Clues About Mammal Ancestors (scienceworldreport.com))
- Weekly Photo Challenge: Foreshadow (vosperdruiter.wordpress.com)
This artwork is for sale in my gallery as:
Wall Art, Home Décor, Puzzle, Beach Items, Tote Bags, Greeting Card/Stationery, Phone Case, Coffee Mug, Face Mask and Apparel.
The image is adjustable, use all of it or just part of it. Every purchase comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee.
Click on the image above for more information. | <urn:uuid:2957bedb-661c-4e5c-aaec-e9a507d5f731> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://endlessskys.ca/2013/08/08/weekly-photo-challenge-foreshadow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.949081 | 490 | 3.578125 | 4 |
On Saturday, March 7, thousands of marchers, government officials and other public figures gathered to commemorate the 50th anniversary of “Bloody Sunday,” the March from Selma to Montgomery, and the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This March reflected on a brutal police assault on civil rights demonstrators that spurred the passage of the Voting Rights Act.
Among them were several members of DeKalb Christian Home Educators, a local DeKalb County homeschool support group.
“The movie inspired me to go. [Being here] really helped solidify the story,” said Michelle Shaw, the coordi-nator of DeKalb Christian Home Educators. Shaw, who traveled with her two girls to Selma, met up with other members from her home school group.
Several events took place from March 5-9 including Civil and Human Rights Workshops, the Bridge Cross-ing Jubilee-Parade, Battle of the Bands, a step show and ending with Selma to Montgomery Re-enactment March.
“We spent the night in Montgomery, Alabama. We went to a step show [Friday] night at a community college and we were able to ride across the bridge,” said Shaw.
President Barack Obama and the First Family were among the thousands of Americans in Selma, Alabama to honor the sacrifice and bravery of the men and women who bled there in 1965. “First and foremost, we have to recognize that one day’s commemoration, no matter how special, is not enough. If Selma taught us anything, it’s that our work is never done,” said Obama during a speech he gave on Saturday at the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Although it was very crowded and they didn’t get to do everything they planned, Shaw explained that it was important for her and her girls to be there.
“The girls got out of the car and got to see the president riding by in his car. The idea of being with the crowd of people to [commemorate an historic event] was important.”
- Deanna Cauthen | <urn:uuid:2615dee3-6e82-42df-bda5-edfd985d81fa> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://hometownnewsatlanta.com/dekalb-county-students-attend-50th-anniversary-of-selma-march/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863410.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180520112233-20180520132233-00101.warc.gz | en | 0.973522 | 445 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
A short repeated invocation (in Greek or in translation) used in many Christian liturgies, especially at the beginning of the Eucharist or as a response in a litany.
- ‘I came in during the Kyrie and played the end of it, and, when the priest had finished intoning the Gloria, I played a cadenza.’
- ‘They also played an excerpt from his Mass in C minor, with its haunting Kyrie.’
- ‘We then had the Collect for Purity, after which the choir sang a musical setting of a ninefold Kyrie.’
- ‘We do the Gloria, the Sanctus, the Agnus Dei, and the Kyrie.’
- ‘Traditionally, the Kyrie is a prayer in which individuals ask God for mercy.’
From Greek Kuriē eleēson ‘Lord, have mercy’.
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity. | <urn:uuid:4040d7e0-5ae1-4f9f-9c4a-7dbe1ce71105> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Kyrie | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00251-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966651 | 294 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Guide to a Perfect trip in Egypt!
Merneptah, or Merenptah, was the fourth ruler of the 19th dynasty in ancient Egypt. He reigned for almost a decade from 1213 to 1203 B.C. He is said to be the thirteenth son of Ramesses II. He became ruler only after all his brothers had died, which is why he became a ruler at the older age of 60 years. He is said to have been the fourth child of Ramesses II’s second wife Isetnofret. One of Merneptah's sons was Seti II, who became Pharaoh in the later 19th dynasty. The throne of Merneptah was named as Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru, meaning "The Soul of Ra, Beloved of the God."
Tomb KV 8, which is located in the Valley of the Kings, was the burial place of the Pharaoh Merneptah and is the model of royal tombs of the end of 19th and 20th dynasties. The straight ax, concaved relief and fewer numerous features in comparison to hypogeal and auxiliary chambers are present. Walls inside the tomb depict extracts from the book of the underworld. Ceilings contain astronomical symbols. The four sarcophagi nestling the mummy of the king were three of pink granite and one of alabaster.
KV 8 is large in size, but its design is simpler than the tombs of Merneptah’s grandfather and father. The tomb has a staircase and two descending corridors. Although most paintings decorating the corridors have been damaged by flooding, the ones that were remaining in the reliefs are very beautiful.
The burial chamber in KV 8 is unique compared to other tombs. The front and rear walls of this chamber contain multiple niches and it depicts that Merenptah rested here in a set of four stone sarcophagi. When the sarcophagi were brought inside the tomb, the door jambs were removed which were later on replaced by blocks made of sandstone. Pillars were also removed to allow the sarcophagus to move in out, of which two were later replaced.
There are five corridors in KV 8 - the walls of these corridors show scenes from the ‘Litany of Re’, the Amduat, the ‘Book of Gates’ and the ‘Book of the Dead’ and the ceilings represent astronomical scenes. In the fourth corridor, the king is shown in the ‘Opening of the Mouth Ceremony’ and the fifth corridor is one that leads to the sarcophagus hall, the king’s actual burial chamber, with the splendidly restored lid of his anthropoid sarcophagus.
KV 8 is open to the public and tickets are available at the gate for three tombs at the Valley of the Kings for EGP 80. When inside, visitors are strictly prohibited from photography which can lead to a heavy penalty. You can also take a ride in a little train, the Taftaf, which operates from the coach park to entrance. The cost is only EGP 2 to take the train.
The Valley of The Nobles is located on the west bank of Luxor in an... | <urn:uuid:d0ec4af5-54c4-460a-b779-982660e60837> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://ask-aladdin.com/egypt-sites/egypt-tombs/merneptah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991904.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210511060441-20210511090441-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.980776 | 677 | 3.296875 | 3 |
For Immediate Release, Sept. 5, 2012
Contact: Rose Braz, (510) 435-6809
Gary, Indiana Joins Urgent Call for Climate Change Action
City Faces Rising Risk of Heat Waves, Respiratory Disease
GARY, Ind.— In the wake of one of the hottest summers in U.S. history, Gary, Ind., has joined 35 other cities in supporting the use of the Clean Air Act to reduce greenhouse gas pollution to fight the risk of catastrophic climate change.
In passing a resolution Tuesday night, Gary became the 36th city to join the Center for Biological Diversity’s national Clean Air Cities campaign, which urges President Barack Obama and the Environmental Protection Agency to take action on global warming. Gary is the first city in Indiana to approve the resolution, which was introduced by councilmember Mary Brown.
“Gary’s leaders understand the threat of the global climate crisis and support one key solution: the Clean Air Act,” said Rose Braz, the Center’s climate campaign director. “Cities around the country, from Los Angeles to Chicago — and now Gary — are sending an urgent message to our national leaders. To avert a climate catastrophe, we have to act now.”
Climate change threatens Indiana with a growing risk of heat waves, flooding and dangerous storms, according to a report from the Purdue Climate Change Research Center. In cities like Gary, higher temperatures are expected to cause more heat-related deaths and an increase in ground-level ozone, which is linked to increased incidence of respiratory disease and death.
The Center’s Clean Air Cities campaign is working around the country to encourage cities to pass resolutions supporting the Clean Air Act and using the Act to reduce carbon in our atmosphere to no more than 350 parts per million, the level scientists say is needed to avoid catastrophic climate change. The resolutions call on President Obama and the EPA to take swift action under the Clean Air Act to address climate change.
Similar resolutions have been approved in Albany, N.Y.; Berkeley, Santa Monica, Arcata, Oxnard, Santa Cruz, Richmond, and Los Angeles, Calif.; Seattle, Wash.; Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pa.; Tucson, Ariz.; Boone, N.C.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Milwaukee and Madison, Wis.; Cambridge and Northampton, Mass.; Cincinnati and Oberlin, Ohio; Santa Fe, N.M.; Kansas City, Mo.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Miami, Pinecrest, Tampa and Gulfport, Fl.; Chicago, Ill.; Teton County, Wyo.; Eugene, Ore.; Boulder, Colo.; Burlington, Vt.; Wilmington, Del.; Detroit, Mich; and Providence, R.I. Several other cities around the country will be considering resolutions over the next few months.
Learn more about the Center’s Clean Air Cities campaign and get the facts about the Clean Air Act.
The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 375,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. | <urn:uuid:7d132e52-802c-4702-b892-119bd426e745> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/clean-air-cities-09-05-2012.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542250.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00236-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88992 | 626 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (“CTE”) is a degenerative disease that is theoretically linked to repeat mild traumatic brain injuries (“TBI”). Since its discovery in 2002, CTE has been studied extensively, especially in regard to its prevalence in participants of certain sports. In recent years, football has been front and center of the discussion, as many former players were diagnosed with CTE posthumously. In light of recent findings, state lawmakers have begun proposing bans on youth tackle football, citing the recent CTE research that asserts the longer a player engages in tackle football, the more likely they are to develop the degenerative brain disease. This series is a deep dive into the issue, providing a foundation about traumatic brain injury and CTE, its effects on adults and children, notable cases and research findings regarding football players diagnosed with CTE, and the positions on the ban of youth tackle football.
The series concludes with a novel conclusion: blame the treatment, not the tackle. As the saying goes, “there isn’t smoke without fire.” Recently, with the prevalence of CTE in the news, popular culture, and the like, many began thinking “there isn’t CTE without the tackle.” This couldn’t be more off base. We really should be thinking of it as “there isn’t CTE without improper treatment.” Simply, the risk of brain degeneration due to improper treatment is far greater than the risk of injury from the hit itself.
Part 1 of the series focuses on defining and discussing traumatic brain injury and CTE, but in adults and children;
Part 2 of the series focuses on notable cases of CTE, as well as recent research into the disease;
Part 3 of the series discusses the proposals to ban youth tackle football; and
Part 4 of the series considers the truth about the research behind CTE and its limited scope in light of the spotlight it has received in pop culture and social media. The significant importance of proper protocol and treatment following head injuries is discussed, suggesting the possibility that CTE is not precipitated by the tackle itself, but rather poor treatment of the hit. Furthermore, it is not only the treatment, but the management of the treatment that needs serious attention. This is particularly true where treatment management can be addressed here and now and the possibility of CTE, although a valid concern, will never be definite until postmortem diagnosis, when it is too late to take direct action.
Taking Steps in Response to Recent TBI Studies: Banning Youth Tackle Football
Many state lawmakers have introduced bills to ban children from playing tackle football. Most of these states have focused on the age of the children and cite research that traumatic brain injury to children under the age of twelve can cause damage to the formation of the brain. Further, a study released by the Boston University School of Medicine found that the longer a person plays tackle football, the more likely they are to feel the effects of a neurodegenerative disease, such as CTE. Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of The Concussion Legacy Foundation stated, “the research has discovered that the single best factor that best drove whether or not [players] developed CTE is how many years they played tackle football.”
Looking back to those who suffered, namely, Webster, Hernandez, Stabler, Waters, Duerson, Seau, and Gifford, one thing is certain: they suffered for years and played through the concerning symptoms. Looking at those who are presently recognizing how prolonged careers in the NFL will threaten long-term health, such as Johnson, Willis, Gronkowski, Luck, and Kuechly, one thing is certain: players are attuned to the research and are drawing links to prolonged time in the game and the increased likelihood of degenerative brain disease. What is not certain is what exactly the CTE research suggests. Does it suggest that the best factor that drove whether or not players developed CTE is how many years they played football because of the amount of hits sustained or how the hits were subsequently treated?
Massachusetts lawmakers are the latest to propose a ban on tackle football for children before the eighth grade. Under the bill, any league or school caught playing tackle football could be fined up to $10,000 if a child was seriously hurt. Concussion experts from Boston University came to testify in support of the bill at a public hearing before the Joint Public Health Committee. Experts noted that their research found that kids who started playing football at age five are ten times more likely to develop CTE than kids who wait until age fourteen.
Angela Campigotto-Harrison lost her father to CTE in 2016. He was diagnosed as stage 4 after playing football for several years. She testified in support of the bill, stating, “It is something that I have to do as someone who had a family member that was a victim of this disease. It was a nightmare,” On the other side are football executives from Pop Warner and USA Football. They testified that if kids do not learn tackle early, they are more likely to get hurt later. They said they support measures to enhance the safety of the game, but they feel a ban would miss the mark.
If the bill were to pass, Massachusetts would become the first state with a ban on tackle football for a specified age group.
So why then, has there been such a reluctance to ban youth tackle football? California lawmakers proposed the “Safe Youth Football Act” which would ban tackle football before high school, but was later altered to ban tackle football for children under the age of twelve. One of the sponsors, Assemblyman Kevin McCarty, noted that non-contact youth football has produced a number of NFL superstars including Jerry Rice, Walter Payton, Lawrence Taylor, Jim Brown, and Tom Brady. However, the bill was pulled when it became clear there would not be enough votes for it to pass. Further, the Save California Football Coalition was formed and over 150 parents and kids rallied in opposition of the bill.
Delegate Terri Hill of Maryland filed a “public health” bill that sought to ban tackle football, heading in soccer, and checking in lacrosse below the high school level. As soon as it was filed, youth coaches across Maryland voiced their opposition on social media and radio. One youth football administrator accumulated more than 7,000 signatures to stop the bill. Despite the rapid negative response to the bill, Hill said she thinks this is a “conversation we have to have and . . . the conversation is not over.” Hill, a surgeon, noted that, “it’s difficult to appreciate that something we really enjoy, with clear benefits to our kids, may be hurting them without our knowledge.”
State Representative Carol Sente filed the “Dave Duerson Act to Prevent CTE” in Illinois. The act proposed banning tackle football for kids under the age of twelve and is named after the Bears defensive back diagnosed with CTE after his suicide. Duerson shot himself in the chest rather than the head, presumably so that his brain could be examined for degenerative disease. The proposal was immediately met with criticism and youth football coaches argued they had been making strides to make the game safer. They also argued that players are ill prepared to play tackle football when they are older, making them more susceptible to injury in the long run. The proposal died; Pop Warner spokesperson Brian Heffrom stated that the organization “can’t imagine elected officials mandating to parents which sports their children can play.”
Assemblywoman Valerie Vainieri Huttle sponsored a bill in New Jersey that would prohibit children under age twelve from participating in tackle football. Almost immediately, State Senate President Stephen Sweeny commented on the bill, stating, “That’s not happening.” He noted, “They’re teaching kids how to tackle properly. All you’re gonna do is get kids starting later, when it’s easier to teach kids early.”
State assembly member Michael Benedetto filed a bill in New York that would ban youth tackle football for children under twelve years old. First introduced in 2013, the executive director of Pop Warner called it “disturbing.” Benedetto filed the bill again in January 2018, naming it the “John Mackey Youth Football Prevention Act,” named after the Colts tight end who developed dementia and passed away in 2011. Benedetto compared the proposal to reducing risks for children by requiring use of car seats and bicycle helmets.
Opponents of Proposed Legislation: Why Banning Youth Tackle Football Is Not the Answer
At the heart of the criticism of the proposed legislation is the desire for parents to own the decision to consider what programs their kids will participate in. Steve Alic, director of communications for USA Football stated, “We converse with parents often, and they clearly do not want government telling them when and how their kids should play sports. They want to make informed decision for themselves.”
Regardless of this criticism, the US Soccer Foundation has banned heading in soccer for players under ten-years-old while body checks in ice hockey are prohibited for players under thirteen-years-old. At this point, sports associations themselves are taking steps to reduce the risk of injury from contact in younger players. Does this take the decision out of the hands of the parents? Does this not address the issue fully enough that states believe legislation must be enacted?
Opponents of proposed legislation note that tackle football is not as dangerous as the media has made it out to be. An often-cited statistic is gathered from data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission that shows that just 21% of all traumatic brain injuries among American children and adolescents are caused by sports and recreational activities and the first culprit is cycling with 40,272 incidents, with football coming in second with 21,878 incidents reported. This statistic is reported in an article authored by Gavin Newsham, who also notes that in light of these statistics, “and yet no one is calling for a ban on bikes.”
Arguably, no one is calling for a ban on football either. Just as we have legislation that requires children to wear bike helmets, current proposals are not calling for a ban on football, but a modification (like a helmet) where children under twelve do not tackle during games. Newsham further advances his point by noting that youth football may be the safest it has ever been. In 2016, Pop Warner introduced a new rule preventing kids under ten-years-old from using the traditional hand-on-the-ground squat before the snap to minimize the risk of head clashes. With safer equipment, better-qualified coaches, and a greater awareness of the risks involved with football, one can argue the concern is not great enough to place an entire ban on tackle football for youth players, as such may even lead to more injuries, as older kids will not be trained properly to participate in tackle football.
Proponents of Proposed Legislation: Why Banning Youth Tackle Football Will Minimize Degenerative Brain Diseases
On the other side of the aisle, proponents of proposed legislation liken recent studies on CTE to early studies that linked lung cancer to cigarette smoking and pointed out how it took decades to pass regulations on the tobacco industry. The most recent Boston University study found 223 out of 266 former football players had CTE, which has been linked to depression and other cognitive disorders. A player’s risk for developing the disease increased by 30% for each year they played the sport.
New York State Assemblyman Benedetto says for young kids, the recent revelations about the dangers tackle football can pose give him pause, and he’s been at the forefront of an effort to ban tackle football for kids under the age of twelve. He states, “when you get older and your brain is more developed, then go into the full tackle football,” Benedetto points to medical data showing the onset of traumatic brain diseases like CTE in people who play tackle football, resulting from the rough hits they can receive on the field. Rick Knizek, the athletic trainer and concussion management coordinator for the Shenendehowa Central School District in New York stated, “The concern about concussions long term, a lot of those are turning out to be concussions sustained at a much younger age. Unfortunately, there’s a lot of inherent risk in football. Kids are bigger, faster, stronger than they were a decade ago.” Knizek says the sport is continually evolving, and the state and the school district have taken steps in the past few years to prevent traumatic brain injuries if a player takes a serious hit.
Meeting in the Middle
Not all youth football coaches wholeheartedly oppose the ban on youth tackle football. Stephen George, a former high school football player, youth football coach, modified football head coach, and elementary physical education teacher from New York supports the proposed legislation to ban children under twelve from participating in youth tackle football, with a caveat. When asked his opinion on the proposed legislation and whether such legislation would lead to players being unprepared to play tackle football in the future he stated, “Tackle football should be banned until the age of twelve, in non-competitive leagues. When kids are younger than twelve, the game of football is about the fundamentals such as throwing, catching, and blocking. Coaches can still teach tackling and the proper fundamentals using tackling bags or tackling dummies.”
A discussion with Barry S. Willer, PhD, professor of psychiatry at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences bolstered a similar idea offered by George, exposing the possibility of focusing on limiting tackling in non-competitive contexts. Realistically, many “house” teams are formed for fun and the participants play recreationally. For these types of children’s teams, tackling is not a necessary aspect of the game and it is possible the participants would benefit from avoiding unnecessary hits. On the other hand, there are some teams formed to develop young children into competitive players with a chance to apply their talent and skills in a professional arena. In these instances, Willer suggests introducing tackling gradually. This way, players would develop the necessary skills over time in a controlled environment. Additionally, Willer explains the hits resulting in the most damage are those that are unexpected (i.e. running a route and inadvertently colliding with a player who wasn’t paying attention) than the expected tackle during a practiced play. Given this observation, it seems it is important to teach those wishing to play at a high caliber competitive level how to prepare themselves to be tackled as much as how to tackle.
A Model State: California’s Compromise
Although we should be cautioned by the stories of Webster, Hernandez, Stabler, Waters, Duerson, Seau, and Gifford, Dr. Robert Stern cautioned that CTE could not explain all of a player’s actions. He advises, “When it comes to suicide and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, it is possible that in some individuals the combination of CTE-related symptoms of poor impulse control, depression, and cognitive impairment may indeed lead to suicide. However, we can never clearly point to any cause-and-effect relationship in any one case.” Echoing this sentiment, Leszek Christowski, the Hillsborough County medical examiner told ESPN “scientifically, there is no [cause-and-effect] connection. Could it play a role? Yes. But the statistical studies do not show a clear-cut connection between concussion and depression.” Given this sentiment along with the intense opposition to legislation that bans tackling altogether, is a compromise possible?
The answer: maybe. In California, although the “Safe Youth Football Act” failed, the “Youth Football Act” was enacted, which regulates the game without banning youth tackle football. The bill will go into effect January 1, 2021. The act prohibits a youth tackle football team from conducting more than two full-contact practices per week during the preseason and regular season. It also prohibits a youth tackle football team from holding a full-contact practice during the offseason. It limits the full-contact portion of a youth football team practice from exceeding thirty minutes in any single day. Furthermore, the bill requires youth football team coaches to annually receive a tackling and blocking certification from a nationally recognized program that emphasizes shoulder tackling, safe contact, and blocking drills. Under the bill, parents or guardians of a youth tackle football player must receive concussion and head injury information and each football helmet must be reconditioned and re-certified every other year.
The bill requires a minimum of one state-licensed EMT, paramedic or higher-level licensed medical professional to be present during all preseason, regular season and postseason games. It requires the medical professional to have the authority to evaluate and remove any participant from the game who exhibits an injury, including, but not necessarily limited to, symptoms of a concussion or other head injury.
The bill also requires at least one independent non-rostered individual, appointed by the youth sports organization, to be present at all practice locations. The individual must hold current and active certification in first aid, CPR, the use of an automated external defibrillator and concussion protocols. The individual will have the authority to evaluate and remove any youth tackle football player from practice who exhibits an injury, including, but not limited to, symptoms of concussion or other head injury.
Conclusion: To Ban or Not To Ban?
At the end of the day, knowledge is power. Less than twenty years ago, CTE did not even exist in our minds. Football players were suffering concussions, returning to the sideline for a minute or two, and were right back in the game. Symptoms such as erratic behavior, headaches, and memory loss were simply “personality traits” and the effects of “getting older.” Although there is much to still discover about CTE, we are no longer completely ignorant of the effects of repetitive traumatic brain injury. Whether the knowledge we have gained will lead to a ban on youth tackle football or stringent rule changes to make the game safer, one thing is certain: parents, players, coaches, and the football community are more careful than ever. The more we keep the conversation alive, the less players will suffer in vain. | <urn:uuid:bbed327d-f63e-4264-b0cd-af6514e9efbe> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://ublawsportsforum.com/2020/02/01/series-legislation-banning-youth-tackle-football-part-3-taking-steps-in-response-to-recent-tbi-studies-banning-youth-tackle-football/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400205950.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20200922094539-20200922124539-00656.warc.gz | en | 0.968576 | 3,788 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The current buzz word for developed countries and developing economies is the “Financial crisis”. The whole word speaks about current financial crisis and its outcomes. What is this financial crisis? Due to this financial crisis leading economies have collapsed and developing economies has started to rise in the world economic competition.
It was surprising that how some developing economies such as China and India rose during the financial crisis and many scholars still hold the question as to what were their secrets of managing their economy. And it is still unbelievable how did cooperate giants in developed countries such as USA collapsed over night due to the financial crisis and led to a depression in their trade cycle.
There are reasons behind every outcome of financial crisis. Both poor and exceptionally high performance can be justified by their economic plans and activities they undertook last few years. It is said that main reason for the fall in leading economies is poor financial planning. Too many big financial projects they undertook and unplanned huge monetory activities have led to the collapse and it has shown its impact on 3rd world countries who were surviving with the assistant of those so called developed countries.
Mean while there were many developing countries emerging and trying to help the world economy to recover throughout this research I am going to introduce factors which made them perform better during the financial crisis. And also this report contains description about the change in the world economic order after the financial crisis mainly due to the emerge of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China)
Symptoms of Financial Crisis and Its Outcomes
It is said to be that there is a new economic order in the world after the fall of American and other leading economies, such as UK and Japan. The fall in the leading economies has resulted in failure of key businesses and declines in consumer wealth estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars. Since developed economies underperform and developing economies try to shine over the falling developed economies the pathway for a new economic order was established in the world. The financial crisis has lead to poor people becoming poorer, collapse of leading economies such as USA and UK, increase in redundancy rates, unemployment, collapse of major corporate giants such as General motors and rise in food prices which in turn has lead to the problem of hunger becoming worse. As the share and house prices became very low, many corporate giants collapsed as there were no ways to fund their investments and day to day businesses were marking huge losses on their financial records. There was a huge political instability taking place during late 2007 and early 2008, as a result of the down turn in world economy where leading economies showed poor results when compared to the so called developing economies. This recession was said to be the worst economic crisis after the Second World War and continues to affect mainly the European and American economies.
Many countries faced the year 2008 and year 2009 with a slump in their economies. Mortgage disaster in the USA caused a great impact on all other international stock markets. Stock market reports show a great jump for many other economies that would otherwise have been ranked down. Peru, Brazil, China and a couple of weeks ago, Sri Lanka emerged the 4th best performed stock markets in the world. Reports say that China has an annual economic growth rate of 9% and most expert economists see Asia to have most of the strongest emerging markets. To many, this new trend in the international economies may seem like a refreshed economic order in the world.
“China and India together accounted for just 20% of the total increase in emerging markets’ GDP last year, with important contributions from the newly industrialized Asian economies (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore), Middle Eastern oil-exporters and Africa, which posted real GDP growth of 5%”. (Siddiqi) Extracted from a business publication blog, this article reports how “emerging markets” like the South Eastern economies are contributing to the world’s GDP. This shows that new countries have found their foothold and a global change in economic powers.
The new leading countries with “emerging markets” formed BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India & China) and came to agreements and conclusion of not wanting to rely on other states. They also emphasized that their superiors should be included in the international financial institutions. They also believe that there is a dire necessity for a balanced, “diversified international monetary system”.
In a nutshell, financial crisis has resulted in collapse of leading economies, collapse of corporate giants, an increase in unemployment, redundancies, share prices going down and huge political instability. These symptoms proves us that financial crisis has adversely affected leading and developing economies. | <urn:uuid:f2ccf14f-cd0f-4b58-a216-80ad491f9995> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.tutebox.com/1150/business/economics/global-financial-crisis-and-outcomes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594391.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119093733-20200119121733-00086.warc.gz | en | 0.971743 | 935 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Authored by Milica Vojnic Photo by Andrea Piacquadio from Pexels
Computers have governed our lives for decades, but computer literacy isn’t universal just yet. Digital independence is negatively correlated with age, so your elderly family members probably still struggle with their devices. Add cognitive decline to the mix, and you have enough digital frustration to start a flame war. One in nine adults suffer from cognitive problems at retirement age, so computer anxiety is a common symptom of growing older. Ignorance can expose elderly people to a veritable ton of online threats. Literacy is an important goal.
Identifying the Problem
Cognitive decline doesn’t always announce itself in obvious ways. It can masquerade as an inability to use devices. The first step to creating a safe digital environment for your parents is thus assessing the reasons for their struggles. If memory is the culprit, apps, add-ons, and password managers can resolve the problem in under a day. If cognitive impairment is to blame, mere memory tools won’t do.
Older patients often struggle to process information, so their learning curve can seem impossibly flat. Still, evidence suggests that those with dementia can derive plenty of relaxation and enjoyment from their devices, so it’s worth bolstering their computer literacy. No computer course can replace a simple device, such as a refurbished tablet.
Seniors tend to work best with lightweight, user-friendly tablets. If the elderly patient in your life is suffering from severe cognitive damage, try to combine all their digital usage into one device. Learning how to use two or three different operating systems can confuse even the youngest of users. Keep it simple.
Passwords and memory woes don’t mix, so the first step to literacy begins with an easy-to-use password manager. Those who lack computer literacy are often guilty of poor password habits, so it’s best to sit down with your family member to set up a series of passwords for all of their accounts. Again, keep it simple. Software that incorporates everything from VPNs to secure file storage will be difficult to use. For once, you will need to look for fewer features. Add-ons like 1Password and RoboForm are simple and intuitive to use.
Clean Up Your Device
The more software your senior has on their device, the harder it will be to use. It’s time to Feng Sui that laptop. Delete unnecessary apps in consort with your family member. Check that their operating system updates are automatic, and install a simple anti-virus. You can add extra simplicity to their device by:
- Paring down to one email account
- Clearing unused apps from their phones
- Reorganizing their files so that they’re easy to access from one desktop icon
- With permission, cancelling unused social media accounts
- Preventing apps from leaving notifications
- Tidying up their browser plug-ins
- Unsubscribing to unwanted emails
- Removing unwanted contacts.
Dementia and Your Antivirus
If the senior in your life has serious dementia, your computer literacy lessons aren’t likely to keep them safe. Parental controls can take away their dignity, so use them with care. A robust anti-virus will protect against phishing and malware without infantilising the patient. Choose software that blocks all zero-day threats and untrustworthy URLs. This needn’t cost a fortune. Free software like Malwarebytes and Avast are highly effective. The latter will block untrusted sites.
New Ways to Pay
Dementia and credit cards rarely get along, particularly online. Safer payment methods like Google Pay or PayPal will allow your family member to shop safely. They’ll also allow you to limit expenditure. Even so, it’s best to teach your senior to look for the lock icon before parting with their precious funds.
Google is every senior’s best route to independence, so teach your elderly family member how to search for step-by-step instructions. There’s a wealth of learning resources on YouTube, so be sure to open an account. When your favorite senior gets stuck with any software, they’ll have the tools they need to revise their knowledge. That independence will bolster their self-esteem and give them a much-needed sense of independence.
Learning how to Teach
Once your family member has a new device, teaching will become a part of your everyday life. You can boost memory retention by tailoring their basic computer skill lessons to their interests. Avoid jargon and allow for plenty of practice. If the senior in your life has never used a computer before, they’ll probably feel intimidated, so exercise plenty of patience. This is an opportunity to bond, so treat it as such.
Computers can be a valuable aid for the elderly. They can boost their social interactions, offer new ways to foster independence, and while away the hours. Computer literacy can be every bit as useful as a cane or bathroom rail. With a little skill-building and a lot of practice, your family member will open the door to a thrilling new experience. | <urn:uuid:3bb4aa70-dc04-4d97-abb5-452ba90d99c4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://aznha.org/how-to-help-older-family-members-use-digital-devices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473735.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222061937-20240222091937-00755.warc.gz | en | 0.940197 | 1,068 | 2.625 | 3 |
Swiss Spaghetti Harvest 1957
BBC (April 1st 1957)
Swiss Spaghetti Harvest 1957
BBC (April 1st 1957)
The article describes the work of archaeologists from Tel Aviv University and the University of Arizona who have been studying cut marks on late Lower Paleolithic period animal bones from Qesem Cave in Israel. Their findings, recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, conclude that the number and placement of these cut marks offer archaeological evidence of an alternative, earlier, and less specialised form of meat preparation. According to Professor Avi Gopher of Tel Aviv University’s Department of Archaeology:
From 200,000 years ago to the present day, the patterns of meat-sharing and butchering run in a long clear line. But in the Qesem Cave, something different was happening.
The cut marks we are finding are both more abundant and more randomly oriented than those observed in later times, such as the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods […] suggesting that more (skilled and unskilled) individuals were directly involved in cutting meat from the bones at Qesem Cave.
For the past 200,000 years, in other words, the butchering of large animals has been done by one or two individuals in a community, who were specially trained to carry out a relatively ritualised series of tasks. Prior to that, the bones at Qesem seem to show, meat cutting was more of an ad-hoc free-for-all.
Beer enthusiasts, myself among them, were upset to read this week that our pints of pilsner lager might be the latest casualty of climate change. New Scientist reported the depressing news: it seems that the quality of Eastern European Saaz hops is going downhill each year.
According to brewing suppliers Seven Bridges Cooperative, “Saaz hops have long been revered as the very mild, spicy, earthy aroma hop associated with European Lagers. This is the hop you will want for your finest European style Pilsners, and it will shine in wheat beers and Belgian style ales.” The delicate bitterness of Czech pilsners is a result of the alpha acid levels in Saaz hops; the best quality hops contain approximately 5% alpha acids, to produce a pale brew with a soft hop aroma but low bitterness.
There’s something strange about watching life unfold as a social network. It’s easy to forget that every link is a human relationship and every circle a waistline. The messy melodrama of life—all the failed diets and fading friendships—becomes a sterile cartoon.
But that’s exactly the point. All that drama obscures a profound truth about human society. By studying Framingham as an interconnected network rather than a mass of individuals, Christakis and Fowler made a remarkable discovery: Obesity spread like a virus. Weight gain had a stunning infection rate. If one person became obese, the likelihood that his friend would follow suit increased by 171 percent. (This means that the network is far more predictive of obesity than the presence of genes associated with the condition.) By the time the animation is finished, the screen is full of swollen yellow beads, like blobs of fat on the surface of chicken soup.
The data exposed not only the contagious nature of obesity but the power of social networks to influence individual behavior. This effect extends over great distances—a fact revealed by tracking original subjects who moved away from Framingham. “Your friends who live far away have just as big an impact on your behavior as friends who live next door,” Fowler says. “Think about it this way: Even if you see a friend only once a year, that friend will still change your sense of what’s appropriate. And that new norm will influence what you do.” An obese sibling hundreds of miles away can cause us to eat more. The individual is a romantic myth; indeed, no man is an island.
As any self-respecting locavore can tell you, many of us have forgotten how to eat seasonally, at least in the developed world. Nonetheless, the weather still exercises a huge effect on the food we choose to buy and eat.
As British supermarket giant Tesco has discovered, “a rise of 10ºC, for example, led to a 300% uplift in sales of barbecue meat and a 50% increase in sales of lettuce.” Meanwhile, a summer washout in Scotland saw “sales of roast potatoes – traditionally a winter food – soaring by a scorching 454%, while soup sales rocketed by 88%.”
(For Sosatz Rol, the original locavore =)
Hollywood directors dreamed of it: the breakfast machine. Imagine a contraption that sets a chain reaction in motion at the push of a button, frying eggs, juicing oranges, brewing coffee, making toast, and serving it all on a plate with jam, meat and cheese. What a perfect way to start the day!
This fantasy will become reality during Platform21 = Jamming, when Japanese designers Yuri Suzuki and Masa Kimura build a machine just like this at Platform21 with help from fellow designers and the public.
Po pi po ~ Miku Hatsune Vegetable Juice Dance
We need radical thinking, but we don’t need a revolution. We don’t need an overthrow of capitalism. Nor do we need to become vegetarians. We need not become spartans. We’re just going to have to learn how to cook.
It’s impossible to overemphasize the importance of good farming for safe and nutritious food. But the campaign for food democracy needs to start with boning knives and cast-iron skillets. A lack of technique behind the stove is, in the end, as complicit in harming human health and the environment as the confinement pig or the corn-fed steer.
Yes, that sixteen-ounce rib-eye takes precious resources like water (approximately 2,500 gallons) and grain (about twelve pounds) away from feeding the poor, and the environmental havoc associated with raising beef most often affects the disenfranchised. By 2050, if we continue this gorging, livestock will be consuming as much as 4 billion people do.
These horrors of conventional animal husbandry are tied to the amount of meat we eat, which is intimately linked to the parts of the animal we choose to eat. That is, choosing the rib-eye–as opposed to choosing, say, the brisket–determines how many animals are produced.
Impressions du jour – Culinary architecture and postmodernity: Chez Dominique
Brains are calorically demanding organs. Our distant ancestors had small ones. Australopithecus afarensis, for example, who lived some three million years ago, had a cranial capacity of about four hundred cubic centimetres, which is roughly the same as a chimpanzee’s. Modern humans have a cranial capacity of about thirteen hundred cubic centimetres. How, as their brains got bigger, did our forebears keep them running? According to what’s known as the Expensive Tissue Hypothesis, early humans compensated for the energy used in their heads by cutting back on the energy used in their guts; as man’s cranium grew, his digestive tract shrank. This forced him to obtain more energy-dense foods than his fellow-primates were subsisting on, which put a premium on adding further brain power. The result of this self-reinforcing process was a strong taste for foods that are high in calories and easy to digest; just as it is natural for gorillas to love leaves, it is natural for people to love funnel cakes.
Although no one really knows what life was like in the Pleistocene, it seems reasonable to assume that early humans lived, as it were, hand to mouth. In good times, they needed to stockpile food for use in hard times, but the only place they had to store it was on themselves. Body fat is energy-rich and at the same time lightweight: when the water is taken out, a gram of fat contains 9.4 kilocalories, compared with 4.3 kilocalories for a gram of protein, and when the water is left in, as it is on the human belly, a gram of fat still contains 9.1 kilocalories, while a gram of protein has just 1.2. As a consequence, a person with a genetic knack for storing fat would have had a competitive advantage. Power and Schulkin are both researchers at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and they argue that this advantage would have been especially strong for women. Human infants are unusually portly; among mammals, only hooded seals have a higher percentage of body fat at birth. (Presumably, babies need the extra reserves to fuel their oversized brains.) Tellingly, humans, unlike most other animals, have no set season of fertility. Instead, ovulation is tied to a woman’s fat stores: those who are very thin simply fail to menstruate.
Of course, for early humans putting on too many pounds would have been a significant disadvantage; it’s hard to chase down a mastodon or track through a forest if you’re tubby. Thus, there would appear to be a Darwinian argument against obesity as well. Power and Schulkin get around this problem by noting that, as a practical matter, opportunities for eating too much were limited. Austerity was the rule for hunter-gatherer societies, and that didn’t change when people started to form farming communities, some ten thousand years ago. In fact, human remains from many parts of the world show that early agriculturalists were less well fed than their Paleolithic forebears; their skeletons are several inches shorter and often show signs of nutrition-related diseases, like anemia. Genes that controlled weight gain wouldn’t have been selected for because they simply weren’t needed.
In America today, by contrast, obtaining calories is very nearly effortless … | <urn:uuid:6dccd12c-7840-4f0b-90b3-0cdfa86e7a52> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://fireexit.wordpress.com/tag/food/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301737.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120100127-20220120130127-00511.warc.gz | en | 0.961082 | 2,109 | 2.78125 | 3 |
When you adopt a stray cat, you expect things to go smooth between the two of you. However, you are likely to face some problems in the initial days or weeks, one of the most common being the eating syndrome. Your former stray cat can show some strange and unexpected behavior for food that might concern you.
In this article, we talk about the reasons behind stray cat eating syndrome, its implications and solutions. We also discuss how you should feed a starving cat and provide nourishment as a part of emaciated cat care.
Stray Cat Eating Syndrome – UPDATED 2021
While it is completely normal for a hungry cat to behave differently, rescued or stray cats often exhibit weird behaviors that indicate it is an eating syndrome or food obsession. If your cat seems to be hungry all the time, it is something you should address at the earliest. There are several reasons for this problem.
The first obvious reason your cat is obsessed with food is an eating disorder like overeating. It may have developed the condition of emotional eating from stress or anxiety. As a former stray cat, the feline is likely to have an insecurity about food supply. Animals living in the wild are not sure about their next meal so they tend to eat greedily whenever they have something to feed on.
This behavior is actually what kept the stray cat alive before you rescued or adopted it. As their feeding time is not fixed, it is used to eating anything, anytime. Your pet may have a history of living in a competitive environment where it developed the tendency to grab the opportunity to eat whenever food is available. It can take some time for the cat to realize that the household has sufficient food for its meals and it should not feel insecure about it.
A Complete Guide To Emaciated Cat Care
A stray cat you rescue or adopt is likely to suffer from food obsession for one of many reasons. You can help it by feeding it at scheduled times and taking care of its nutrition requirements. An emaciated cat should only be given wet foods for the initial days as it recovers from malnutrition and its daily diet should focus on cooked foods.
Another consideration for a starving cat is to avoid giving too much food at once. You should try and divide its daily calories into smaller meals separated by a few hours. You should also cook the canned fish before giving it to a rescued cat as it may not be able to digest it. It is also important to check the labels of canned foods to avoid any harmful elements.
As a part of your emaciated cat care routine, you can add vitamin supplements to refill the lost minerals and vitamins. Consider giving them supplements until the health condition improves. These supplements will boost their immunity and help them recover at a faster rate. An excellent addition to their diet is fish oil capsules. Apart from this, keep a check on the cat’s behavior after food consumption to find out if it digests it well. If it shows any symptoms of sickness, take the pet to a vet at the earliest.
Is Your Rescue Cat Always Hungry?
One of the biggest problems rescuers face is the food obsession with cats. The rescued cat often behaves like it is always hungry, even when you feed it properly at regular times. This is quite normal and is associated with several reasons. The first thing you should consider is the physical health of your feline. It may be sick from conditions like diabetes or hyperthyroidism responsible for excessive hunger. These diseases can be managed with medication so it is best to consult a vet and get the cat examined.
Another reason a rescue cat eats too much is a lack of nutrition. It may not be getting the daily nutrition it needs, making it feel hungry even after being fed. This problem can be resolved easily by switching to nutrient-rich foods. It is also possible that the cat has intestinal worms that feed on the food it eats. Deworming can solve this problem and restore its appetite to normal levels. Rescue cats can also suffer from eating disorders related to depression or anxiety. You can encourage the cat to play and be happy or schedule an appointment with the vet to identify the problem.
How To Help A Malnourished Cat?
A malnourished cat should first be checked for medical problems that might have caused weight loss. Some of the most common conditions include kidney and liver problems, intestinal issues, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, dental diseases and cancer. Take the cat to a vet who performs tests to diagnose and rule out these diseases and provides the necessary treatment.
One of the best things you can do for a malnourished cat is to give it high-quality foods with proper nutrients. You can also consider giving it supplements and vitamins to restore its health and weight quickly. Some of the most beneficial foods are probiotics that improve the pet’s gut health. Your cat can also get vitamin B12 supplements or injections. The vet may also advise deworming and treating the cat for parasites.
Best Food For Malnourished Cat
A malnourished cat has special requirements when it comes to food. A rescued or stray cat has always survived on waste so it is important that you give high-calorie, nutrient-dense foods to these cats to help them regain weight and health. Canned and wet foods are the best options for malnourished cats. This is because their stomach condition is not good and can suffer if you give hard solids.
Wet foods like fish and turkey broth are excellent sources of calories and easy on the belly. You can even try home-made pork or beef broth combined with any other semi-wet food. You can even give egg yolks to help them meet their calorie and protein requirement so that they can gain weight quickly. You can consider buying canned foods for the cat from a pet store. Canned fish is a great choice for malnourished cats. | <urn:uuid:f72d7c57-d3a0-4acd-a3d1-d0255ee1803e> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://mycuteanimals.com/stray-cat-eating-syndrome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585025.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016200444-20211016230444-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.965627 | 1,203 | 2.65625 | 3 |
A modest amount of staff education significantly improved adherence to practice guidelines for risk assessment and initiation of therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolism.
In 2009, the AMDA Foundation, with a grant from Sanofi-Aventis, began a study to document antithrombotic practices in nursing homes, provide educational interventions based on an AMDA information tool kit, and then determine the outcome of the intervention.
The investigators assessed current practice at 17 nursing homes from data on 376 newly admitted or readmitted patients, mean age 77. They provided the facilities the information kit, AMDA’s Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE [venous thromboembolism] Prevention, other educational materials, and access to a study principal for advice. The researchers reviewed data on VTE-prevention measures applied to 363 other patients cared for at the same 17 nursing homes following the educational intervention.
Some 85% percent of patients admitted to the nursing homes during the study had medical or postsurgical indications that normally would warrant prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. These included cancer, recent trauma, history of deep vein thrombosis, confinement to bed, and orthopedic surgery. However, more than half the patients admitted also had contraindications to anticoagulant therapy, such as short life expectancy, history of bleeding, patient or caregiver wishes not to receive such therapy, and quality-of-life factors.
Two-thirds of the patients who presented with indications for prophylaxis received that therapy, including many with contraindications.
Before the educational intervention, “VTE prophylaxis was sometimes used without a complete understanding of the reason or rationalization,” said lead researcher Dr. T.S. Dharmarajan, chief of the division of geriatrics at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y., in an inter- view. During the first phase of the study, in only 51% of cases was risk assessment and initiation of prophylaxis consistent with current clinical practice guidelines.
After the intervention, 82% of cases met that standard. Other indicators of improvement in care emerged, such as reduction in prescribing additional medications to patients already taking anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation; this occurred in 13% of cases following education vs. 23% before. Nondrug prophylactic measures consistent with current guidelines, such as pneumatic compression devices and compression stockings, were more likely to be used after the educational intervention.
► Source: Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Practice Patterns in 17 Geographically Diverse Long-Term Care Facilities in the United States and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Long-Term Care: Results of a Multicenter Educational Intervention Using Clinical Practice Guidelines – Dharmarajan et al.
Nurses Missed Delirium
Nurses in Quebec detected only half the cases of delirium among nursing home residents that research assistants did during a 6-month, prospective observational study.
The researchers noted that unlike dementia, delirium is an acute, generally reversible disorder. So early detection and prompt management are important. Research assistants identified delirium in 43 of 202 residents, while nurses identified delirium in half as many cases.
The nurses also detected only 25%- 67% of delirium symptoms identified by the research assistants. Improved training among nurses could improve their ability to recognize delirium and improve patient outcomes, the researchers said.
► Source: Detection of Delirium and Its Symptoms by Nurses Working in a Long- Term Care Facility – Voyer et al.
Jeffrey S. Eisenberg, a freelance medical writer in Philadelphia, compiled this report. | <urn:uuid:9b496536-a4cf-4074-aec6-0431934c3c67> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.caringfortheages.com/index.php?id=2049&type=98&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=2872&cHash=da03e20e36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115857200.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161057-00127-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931487 | 781 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Brain stem gliomas are classified according to their location, radiographic appearance, and histology (when obtained). Brain stem gliomas may occur in the pons, midbrain, tectum, dorsum of the medulla at the cervicomedullary junction, or in multiple regions of the brain stem. The tumor may contiguously involve the cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, the cervical spinal cord, and/or thalamus. The majority of childhood brain stem gliomas are diffuse, fibrillary astrocytomas that involve the pons (diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas [DIPG]), often with contiguous involvement of other brain stem sites.[1,2] The prognosis is extremely poor for these tumors. Focal pilocytic astrocytomas have a more favorable prognosis. These most frequently arise in the tectum of the midbrain, focally within the pons, or at the cervicomedullary junction where they are often exophytic, and they have a far better prognosis than diffuse intrinsic tumors.[3,4,5]
The genomic characteristics of DIPG appear to differ from those of most other pediatric high-grade gliomas and from those of adult high-grade gliomas. Approximately 80% of DIPG tumors have a mutation in a specific amino acid in one of two histone H3 genes (H3F3A or HIST1H3B). These mutations are less common in non–brain stem pediatric high-grade gliomas and are uncommon in adult high-grade gliomas.[6,7] Other recurring DIPG genomic alterations include PDGFRA amplification in approximately 30% of cases, with lower rates of amplification observed for some other receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., MET and IGF1R). DIPG tumors also commonly show deletion of the P53 gene on chromosome 17p.[8,9] The gene expression profile of DIPG similarly differs from that of non–brain stem pediatric high-grade gliomas, further supporting a distinctive biology for this subset of pediatric gliomas.
This complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information summary provides an overview of the use of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a treatment for people with cancer. The summary includes a brief history of NDV research, a review of laboratory and animal studies, the results of clinical trials, and possible side effects of NDV-based therapy. Several different strains of NDV will be discussed in the summary, including the Hungarian strain MTH (More Than Hope)-68. Information presented in some...
Primary tumors of the brain stem are most often diagnosed based on clinical findings and on neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging.[10,11] Histologic confirmation of presumed DIPG is usually unnecessary. Biopsy or resection may be indicated for brain stem tumors that are not diffuse and intrinsic or when there is diagnostic uncertainty based on imaging findings. New approaches with stereotactic needle biopsy may make biopsy safer.
Freeman CR, Farmer JP: Pediatric brain stem gliomas: a review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40 (2): 265-71, 1998.
Laigle-Donadey F, Doz F, Delattre JY: Brainstem gliomas in children and adults. Curr Opin Oncol 20 (6): 662-7, 2008.
Edwards MS, Wara WM, Ciricillo SF, et al.: Focal brain-stem astrocytomas causing symptoms of involvement of the facial nerve nucleus: long-term survival in six pediatric cases. J Neurosurg 80 (1): 20-5, 1994.
Pollack IF, Pang D, Albright AL: The long-term outcome in children with late-onset aqueductal stenosis resulting from benign intrinsic tectal tumors. J Neurosurg 80 (4): 681-8, 1994.
Wu G, Broniscer A, McEachron TA, et al.: Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas. Nat Genet 44 (3): 251-3, 2012.
Schwartzentruber J, Korshunov A, Liu XY, et al.: Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma. Nature 482 (7384): 226-31, 2012.
Zarghooni M, Bartels U, Lee E, et al.: Whole-genome profiling of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas highlights platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Oncol 28 (8): 1337-44, 2010.
Paugh BS, Broniscer A, Qu C, et al.: Genome-wide analyses identify recurrent amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinases and cell-cycle regulatory genes in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Clin Oncol 29 (30): 3999-4006, 2011.
Albright AL, Packer RJ, Zimmerman R, et al.: Magnetic resonance scans should replace biopsies for the diagnosis of diffuse brain stem gliomas: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Neurosurgery 33 (6): 1026-9; discussion 1029-30, 1993.
Liu AK, Brandon J, Foreman NK, et al.: Conventional MRI at presentation does not predict clinical response to radiation therapy in children with diffuse pontine glioma. Pediatr Radiol 39 (12): 1317-20, 2009.
Cartmill M, Punt J: Diffuse brain stem glioma. A review of stereotactic biopsies. Childs Nerv Syst 15 (5): 235-7; discussion 238, 1999.
In this article
This information is produced and provided by the National
Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National
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September 04, 2014
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor.
Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this | <urn:uuid:a208d37c-1476-45ce-bf61-340ed4015809> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/tc/childhood-brain-stem-glioma-treatment-pdq-treatment---health-professional-information-nci-cellular-classification | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207932182.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113212-00032-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.814173 | 1,360 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Century-old economic issues remain as the nation s challenges and battle the intellectualuals of the economics community primarily because handed-down approaches are not delivering the snuff it they have promised to give fundamentally in fosterage , penury and discrimination . These 3 aspects pass on be discussed closely and matchless by one to take understand the relationship with the subject matter of economics and the character honorable mention it plays to move forward from a long-standing struggle to improve school alleviate poverty , and repeal discriminationList and briefly explain both(prenominal) externalities in consumption that you speak out exist in K-12 p Building a stronger economic system is the primary goal of grooming since both knowledge and skill-based tuition establishes a robust plump array that will pull ahead the national progress .
to a greater extent specifically , however , a well-educated labor force is the witnesser of national benefits much(prenominal) as the positive externalities of education indicated in Economics of Social Issues : rapid economic growth , let on functioning democratic processes , meliorate public safety and hygienics , and greater charitable vainglorious as the average eld of education increases in rules of order It continued by citing that such accumulated advantages mainly stemmed from improved economic decision making , which leads to more expeditiously operating markets , and better nutritional and health care choices By supporting K-12 educational system , citizens are expected to strive more economic and intentional choices that eventually enhance the amount of living . The betterment of our soul lives due to a well-trained intellect is the cornerstone on which the educational system is built since it is believed to run to our personal well-being and...If you exigency to get a affluent essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
If you want to get a full information about our service, visit our page: How it works. | <urn:uuid:8fe88968-2448-44e1-ac37-f4c1e3035efe> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://best-essay-service.blogspot.com/2013/07/economics-in-education-poverty-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572235.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915175150-20190915201150-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.937409 | 378 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Saint Lou·is encephalitis noun \-ˌlü-əs-\
: a North American encephalitis that is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus (species Saint Louis encephalitis virus) transmitted by several mosquitoes of the genus Culex
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up Saint Louis encephalitis? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). | <urn:uuid:47f1f779-b27d-427d-8df0-dddd2014c152> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/saint%20louis%20encephalitis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931011030.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155651-00112-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871359 | 100 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Composing a book is not exactly simple or easy. There are a few things that you want to focus on and consider. The method involved in composing a book can be predominantly troublesome. Nonetheless, Best book writing with ways to compose a book, this fairly difficult interaction can be made simpler and less confounded. To advance a business and fabricate entrust with your perusers, you ought to carve out the opportunity to make proficient, elegantly composed books. Peruse these book composing tips and your books will sound perfect.
First of all
Start with little works just, with only 300 words a day as it were. At the point when you get up in the first part of the day and after you have had your morning meal, attempt to compose something like one page. You want to plan a specific time during the day when you can only devote yourself to composing. You should initially make a layout or a chapter-by-chapter list that will act as your aide on what you should compose for the afternoon. It will likewise help on the off chance that you can pick where you will be liberated from interruptions so you can compose all the more real.
Assume Liability In Your Work
To be dependably recorded as a hard copy implies that you want to set specific cutoff times that you should continuously meet. Set the number of words for the composed works you make. For instance, on the off chance that you are making a handout, limit your statement build up to 10,000; for a digital book, limit the word build up to 20,000, etc. Discover certain individuals whom you can depend on for counsel, criticism, and knowledge of your works.
What compels a few writers to linger or leave their works is the absence of inspiration. While beginning the book, scholars are overflowing with inspiration. However, as time elapse, this inspiration gradually becomes depleted because of the difficulties recorded as a hard copy. Try not to feel that nobody will be intrigued to peruse your work; maybe nobody will truly understand it if you simply place it inside your cabinet. Whenever you have completed your book, have it distributed and make it available for purchase; any other way, you won’t ever be aware to understand it. One reasonable justification is the author’s anxiety toward disappointment. You must be receptive in tolerating that there will be seasons of disappointment even recorded as a hard copy.
Revive your psyche by leaving your composing now and again to peruse different books and composed works. Along these lines, you can amount to your jargon and you could try and get a few smart thoughts for your work.
Rest Is Significant
Resting is significant when you are a writer. On the off chance that you feel as though there could be no other succulent items or thoughts you can crush from your brain, maybe it is because your body and psyche are as of now depleted from what you are doing. What you can do is to rest, to lay down for a brief rest so your psyche will be invigorated. Recall that rest is significant, however, it ought not to be blamed assuming you are feeling sluggish to compose.
To compose astounding books, you ought to try not to duplicate another person’s work. trade fair preparation ensure your books are one of a kind and unique. You can cause problems assuming you duplicate somebody’s book, so keep away from it consistently. If you have any desire to ensure your books are unique, you ought to put resources into copyright infringement checker programming. You will want to look at your work in only a couple of moments. Assuming you follow these tips, your books will have more allure. | <urn:uuid:cccecee6-b9aa-4a41-8769-54bd5643a3ba> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://businessegy.com/tips-for-writing-a-compelling-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.960767 | 754 | 2.5625 | 3 |
North America dominated the enteral nutrition market in 2016, accounting for over 30% of the market share and is expected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period (2017–2025
PR-Inside.com: 2018-06-13 13:39:22
Enteral nutrition also known as tube feeding, is a way to nutritional feed containing carbohydrates, proteins, water, fats, vitamins, and minerals to patients through tubes. The tube that is placed through the nose in the stomach is called as nasoenteral or nasogastric feeding tube and the tube, which is placed directly through the skin in the stomach is called jejunostomy or gastrostomy. Patients suffering from chronic conditions including head trauma, cancer, strokes, and premature infants require tube feeding formula for gaining required nutrition as it is difficult for such patients to normally ingest food or medications. Nasogastric tube is commonly used for providing nutrition, hydration, and essential medications and is the most preferred method for short term feeding in the acute phase of stroke, according to NCBI.
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Major factors propelling growth of the global enteral nutrition market are rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer coupled with increasing health care expenditure, worldwide. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), long term use of nutritional support with diabetes specific formula helps reducing chronic complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular diseases and according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the use of enteral nutrition is helpful in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Further, according to the Office for National Statistics, in the U.K., total health care expenditure was US$ 239.92 billion in 2014, which increased by 3.6% and pegged at US$ 248.51 billion in 2015. High health care expenditure of a region depicts the affordability of the patients for expensive medical services. This in turn, is anticipated to support the overall growth of enteral nutrition market as according to NCBI, tube feeding a patient involves higher cost as compared to those without tubes. Enteral nutrition is used for patients across all age groups, however, the geriatric population segment is the most lucrative segment. Health concerns such as metabolic disorders and loss of appetite are more prevalent among the geriatric population, which is a key factor for growth of the enteral nutrition market.
Complications associated with enteral nutrition, include patient safety risks and feeding and medication errors, which is a restraining factor for this market growth. For instance, according to NCBI, placing of a nasogastric tube is associated with various risks including gastrointestinal complications, aspiration, mechanical complications, and metabolic complications.
North America dominated the enteral nutrition market in 2016, accounting for over 30% of the market share and is expected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period (2017–2025). Rising geriatric population in the region coupled with increasing incidences of chronic illnesses are some of the key factors complementing growth of the enteral nutrition market in the region. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart diseases, cancer, diabetes and strokes were the leading causes of disabilities and deaths in the U.S., in 2016. Moreover, according to the National Cancer Institute, in 2016, approximately 1.6 million patients were diagnosed with cancer in the U.S., out of which 0.59 million died from the disease. These factors are responsible for increased use of enteral nutrition in the U.S., thereby fuelling growth of the market in North America.
Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest growing market for enteral nutrition, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.35% over the forecast period, with India and China being the major contributors in the region. China and India have high proportion of geriatric population. According to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (UNESCAP), the geriatric population in Asia Pacific is rising significantly. In 2016, the proportion of geriatric population in North East Asia was around 17%, which is anticipated to cross 35%, whereas, in North and Central Asia it is projected to cross 20% by 2050. Furthermore, diabetes has become a major concern for the populace in this region.
According to the data provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), in 2014, the region accounted for approximately 150 million diabetic patients, out of which, over 95% fall in the category of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Further, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, China had high diabetic population, which was around 110 million and the number is expected to increase to 150 million by 2040. However, China’s healthcare spending has increased significantly over the past decade, from US$ 90.8 billion in 2004 to US$ 590.2 billion in 2014 and the same is expected to increase further in the future. The steadily growing health care expenditure is expected to confer a boost to this market growth as high expenditure on health care indicates the affordability of patients for expensive medical services. This in turn, is expected to strongly support growth of the enteral nutrition market in Asia Pacific in the near future.
Among disease type, chronic segment accounted for the largest share in 2016 and is expected to retain its dominance throughout the forecast period. Rising cases of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes worldwide is propelling demand for this nutrition. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2015, out of 56.4 million global deaths, around 70% were due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic lung diseases.
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Among age groups, the above 60 segment accounted for the largest market share in 2016, and is expected to be the fastest growing segment, as geriatric population requires more support services and the healthcare spending is also high for this segment. According to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, the geriatric population (aging 60 or above) is expected to increase by 56% between 2015 and 2030 and according to the NCBI spending on health care services for the elderly population has been increasing since 1965. These are the major factors, which are expected to support growth of the enteral nutrition market over the forecast period.
Major players operating in the global enteral nutrition market include Nestle S.A., Baxter International Inc., B. Braun Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Abbott Laboratories, Groupe Danone, Reckitt Benckiser Group Plc, Perrigo Company Plc., Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd., and Fresenius Kabi AG. | <urn:uuid:e07e97b3-1cde-4255-a74b-7c11f2a12a23> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.pr-inside.com/enteral-nutrition-market-analysis-and-outlook-r4696388.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267159193.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180923095108-20180923115508-00342.warc.gz | en | 0.949245 | 1,401 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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Thyroid disorders make the largest part of the endocrinology examinations.
Most of the thyroid disorders often present with decreased or elevated thyroid function. Decreased thyroid function can causes fatigue, sleepiness, weight gain, constipation. On the other hand increased thyroid function causes palpitations, weight loss, nervosity, sleep disturbances or diarrhea.
Enlarged thyroid gland is called goitre. Most frequently is caused by autoimmune thyroiditis or thyroid nodules.
Thyroid examination usually consists of careful history, blood tests and often thyroid sonography with a possibility of thyroid biopsy where a thyroid malignancy is suspected.
Parathyroid glands are usually located behind the thyroid gland. They produce parathormone which regulates calcium homeostasis. In case of pathologically increased parathyroid function, calcium is released from bones inappropriately and leads to osteoporosis with elevated risk of vertebral, femoral and other bone fractures. Elevated calcium urine excretion then leads to kidney stones. Hypercalcemia can also cause mood changes, depression, constipation, anorexia, dehydration.
Adrenal glands produce a few hormones.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular system. Their elevation causes arterial hypertension, increase perspiration, nervosity, weight loss, consipation and other less pronounced symptoms.
Cortisol is a hormone responsible for adaptation to stress, pain. Cortisol insuficiency leads to fatigue, weakness, syncope, low blood pressure, low sodium levels, low glucose, weight loss. Conversely elevated cortisol levels increase abdominal fat, obesity, muscle weakness, purple striae, plethora, decreased libido, round face, hirsutism, increased blood vessel fragility.
Elevated aldosterone causes arterial hypertension and sometimes low blood potasium levels.
In small amount androgens are also produced in adrenals.
Pituitary disorders lead to local symptoms such as headaches, thirst, increased urination, water imbalance, visual field impairment due to the pituitary location near optic chiasm. Due to the central role of hormonal regulation, pituitary disorders can also lead to adrenal, thyroid, gonadal, mamary gland dysfunction.
Decreased testosterone in man causes decreased libido, sexual functions as well as low muscle strength, mood changes, osteoporosis.
Menstrual disturbances, infertility in women are usually treated by gynecologists, but endocrine disorders such as pituitary impairement, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism can also be the cause.
Our team consists of experienced endocrinology specialists in all fields of clinical endocrinology. Coming from a leading endocrinology center in Prague we provide the highest expertise. We offer reliability, proficiency but also an empathetic and faithful approach with respect to the specific needs of each patient.
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Appointment outside woring hours. Closest date usually in 2 weeks. (price 500 Kč) | <urn:uuid:7dcc50bf-2c46-43d5-a844-2f438013e95f> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://endokrinologove.cz/en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256281.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190521062300-20190521084300-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.900524 | 674 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Dear friends, I have an article to translate and I do not know if there is a mistake in the original. I might be misunderstanding the intention of the English. I need your help.
The period is the following:
"Taking in knowledge" conveys the idea of an ongoing action, that someone is ‘gaining knowledge.’ "Should keep on knowing" and "should continue knowing" implies a result, that someone has already ‘gained knowledge.’
I do not agree with this declaration. To me, "taking in knowledge" and "should keep on knowing" are equivalent. As far as I understand the gerund as used in these phrases always implies an action. I know there are some times when it can act as a noun, but not in this kind of construction. Am I wrong?
Any help will be appreciated.
This looks like a conflict with the way we use the word "know". Sometimes things translate perfectly, sometimes there's things we don't say because we have something else to do the job. "Taking in knowledge" is strongly associated with education. The verb "know" is more open. It just means to be mentally aware of something.
"Keep on learning" = "Continue taking in knowledge" < These are very typical expressions if you want to use them.
The verb "know" is weak here because the English definition is not the same as it is in other languages. "Keep on knowing" is almost like saying "don't forget", but we almost never use "keep on knowing".
A free email English guide! | <urn:uuid:335a5a2a-2a80-4cac-b992-63422a9c7d08> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/190505-different-uses-of-the-gerund-in-English | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543170.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00187-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964203 | 327 | 2.625 | 3 |
STONY BROOK, N.Y., Sept. 19 (UPI) -- In a surprising finding about the evolution of snakes, most snakes living on the surface today arose from ancestors that lived underground, U.S. scientists say.
A study based on 44 genes and 161 species of lizards and snakes, one of the largest genetic data sets assembled for reptiles, shows almost all groups of snakes arose from within a bizarre group of burrowing blind snakes called scolecophidians.
The finding implies snakes ancestrally lived underground and the thousands of snake species living today on the surface evolved from these subterranean ancestors, study leader John J. Wiens of the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University in New York reported in the journal Biology Letters.
Traces of this subterranean ancestry can be seen in the anatomy of modern surface-dwelling snakes, the study said.
"For example, no matter where they live, snakes have an elongate body and a relatively short tail, and outside of snakes, this body shape is only found in lizards that live underground," Wiens said.
"Snakes have kept this same basic body shape as they have evolved to invade nearly every habitat on the planet -- from rainforest canopies to deserts and even the oceans." | <urn:uuid:11433660-81bb-49a9-8e95-fffc09f3fc55> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2012/09/19/Snakes-evolved-from-underground-ancestors/UPI-33031348088149/?spt=mps&or=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541529.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00375-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920181 | 266 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Instead of reporting to parents only two or three times a year, teachers began regularly communicating using an online student portfolio system called Fresh Grade.
ritish education researchers Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam published a widely-cited article demonstrating how increasing descriptive feedback raises student academic achievement
Instead of Ms. Samson telling students how they are doing, they are expected to articulate to her what they learned in class, how it relates to their learning goals and where they’re struggling.
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standardized tests don’t predict later life success such as employment and income level
Ms. Samson is still required to give students a letter grade at the end of each semester, but the letters have taken on a whole new meaning to her and her students.
The move away from grades matches a growing belief among employers that traditional assessment is not the best way to help students develop the skills they need to succeed in today’s world.
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Showing 20▼ items per page | <urn:uuid:8d2da48d-414d-4cb8-9223-8ca570437a04> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | https://groups.diigo.com/group/diigoineducation/content/tag/Letter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737867468.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221747-00107-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94393 | 234 | 2.828125 | 3 |
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