minyiche/test · Datasets at Hugging Face

id int64 0 8.19k	input_1 stringlengths 76 2.05k	instruction stringclasses 1 value	output stringclasses 3 values
3,600	In the case of aversion towards ambiguity, the observed decrease in reservation value is similar to that in Nishimura and Ozaki (2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,601	Hence, the lethality associated with mutations at the locus was suggested to be due to reduction in wg signaling (Haerry et al. 1997).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,602	…of non-genic SNPs. Gene classes were defined according to PharmaADME core list and related gene list (pharmaADME.org), CYP genes metabolizing primarily exogenous or endogenous substrates were defined based on information from the literature (Nebert and Russell 2002; Guengerich 2003; Thomas 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,603	The recovered parameters (Chapter 2) were in 142 accordance with those recovered from midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation in single HIM donors (Paine et al., 2004).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,604	Our approach uses XML [15] to describe accurately multi-level SLAs, as well as to share them among different members of the CloudLend network unambiguously, without the need for any data conversion.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,605	Studies have shown that response times are faster on trials when there is an expectation of a reward than on trials when there is none (Murray et al. 2008; Pessiglione et al. 2006), reflecting an increased motivation to obtain rewards.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,606	Wand and Weber [15,16,27] have extended an ontology presented by Bunge [28], and applied it to the modelling of information systems.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,607	Just by being present in the anemone nonbreeders are potential competitors for reproduction, and they must do something to mitigate this effect given that breeders can evict them (Buston 2003a).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,608	Adipocyte diameter measurements were performed using Image Pro imaging software (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD), as recently described (16).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,609	In addition, consistent with the result of our preclinical study, recent clinical study showed that alectinib was also highly active against ALK-positive NSCLC patients after treatment with crizotinib [21].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,610	…is most likely long lived as the short- term (cosmogenic nuclide) erosion rates are within the range of long-term (thermochronometry) rates, suggesting that there has been no significant change in exhumation rates in the past few million years (Safran et al. 2005, 2006; Wittmann et al. 2009).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,611	When we combine the results of these two studies in pancreatic and gastric cancer patients, we can say that HDL and PON1 levels are lower in cancer patients than in control subjects (Akcay et al., 2003a,b).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,612	The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy can be variable between-individual components of a muscle group (Narici et al., 1989, 1996; Housh et al., 1992; Norrbrand et al., 2008).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,613	The circulating HA has also been found to facilitate cancerous cells to escape the immune surveillance [7], and reduce the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, and mitomycin C [10].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,614	c-Jun-N-Terminal inhibitory kinase JIK and TRAF2 to the stimulated ER stress sensor IRE-1, where TRAF2 can activate ASK-1, an upstream activating kinase of JNK (2) activation of caspase 12, which is released from its	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,615	…are in line with previous research on the use of referential expressions in narratives, which showed similar variations in the use of referential forms linked to different moments or discourse stages (e.g., Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Contemori and Dussias, 2016).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,616	Our results suggest that the attractiveness genes may express not only during sexual maturation and reproduction but also during earlier life and their expression has antagonistic effects during the early stage [23, 46].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,617	Specifically, it appears that Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially as expressed by cold tropical temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have the most direct influence, with Atlantic Ocean SSTs perhaps having an indirect influence through dynamic effects on the atmospheric general circulation (Cook et al. 2011; Kushnir et al. 2010; McCrary and Randall 2010).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,618	There may be many reasons for this bias, not all intentional, but bias can also be indirect, unintentional and ambivalent (Snowden, 2003).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,619	” This is a highly reliable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and is currently being investigated for use in other tumor types [24, 28, 29].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,620	8 illustrates a summary for the comparison with the existing bit-split string matching approaches described in [8], [10], and [4].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,621	Previous studies applying the Quadruple Process model to the IAT, however, have yielded equivocal results (10, 27, 28).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,622	In particular, controllers for flying robots have taken inspiration from pheromone communication in ants (Hauert et al., 2008; Kuiper and Nadjm-Tehrani, 2006; Sauter et al., 2005), flocking by birds (Basu et al.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,623	TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like-2) has been previously linked to T2D, and has been cited as one of the most important signals associated with T2D [51].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,624	Then there have been a wide range of research covering a variety of different schemes for undeniable signatures over the past 15 years [7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 14, 18, 25, 4, 17, 16, 22, 3, 26, 27].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,625	To train the model, we optimize cross-entropy loss with stochastic gradient descent using minibatched backpropagation through time (BPTT; Rumelhart et al., 1988; Mikolov, 2012); the minibatch size for BPTT, again tuned on the dev set, is set to 9.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,626	Cognitive impairment is common to both disorders after onset but the magnitude of the impairment seems greater in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder (22).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,627	Its work has been published in a number of journals and at several international conferences ([2], [3], [4]).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,628	ygenase gene, behaved the same way as when challenged with 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005), i.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,629	The development of mathematical models for evolution of primary quantities of interest in bioreactor systems, as well as their incorporation into the design process, have the potential to accelerate the path to realization of optimal functional outcomes in engineered tissues; see [1] for a review of modeling approaches.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,630	Previous work [8, 2, 11] has demonstrated that a lowdimensional subspace can accurately capture the variation in images of a face resulting from arbitrarily complex variations in illumination.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,631	There exist some other techniques for controlling multivariate processes, such as multi-way PCA [7] (Louwerse and Smilde, 2000) and multi-way PLS [8] (Nomikos and MacGregor, 1995), the application of them is to reducing the dimensionality of the variable space for a multivariate process.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,632	PtdIns(3,4)P2 was demonstrated to have a higher affinity for Akt than PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, (14), and in accordance with this finding, several studies have shown that reduction of SHIP2 activity may result in decreased, rather then increased, Akt activity, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced cell death (15,24).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,633	gondii, or in mice that coxsackievirus-B3-induced viral myocarditis (20, 21, 34).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,634	It has been postulated that the latter is related to the long evolution of an ACP that leads to a scarring stage [3].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,635	‚Ä¶leaf litter were transferred into scintillation vials and stored in a solution of ethanol/formalin (70 %/10 % volume, which minimized mass loss; Leuven et al. 1985; von Schiller and Solimini 2005) until later identification (generally genus or species level; Tachet et al. 2000; Vieira-Lanero‚Ä¶	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,636	SphK1 inhibition, on the other hand, induces ceramide production and cancer cell apoptosis [30].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,637	The basic SH3-binding motif 163PPSP165 of human securin locates at the C-terminal region of the protein (UniProt: O95997) and can be elongated to an extended motif 163PPSPVK168, which belongs to the class II SH3 binding motif (PxxPx+, where + refers to a positively charged residue) (12).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,638	Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,639	Since it has been shown that this modification reduces the binding activity of annexin [8], and also, that all four domains present in anxA5 are necessary for optimal binding affinity [9], it is important to ensure that the binding properties of anxA5 are not impaired by these reactions.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,640	Traumatic events were assessed using the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0, a fully structured diagnostic interview administered by trained lay interviewers [21], which includes a screen for traumatic events as part of the module for the diagnosis of PTSD.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,641	Then, we compare the proposed TTGP method with SVI-GP (Hensman et al. (2013)) on regression tasks and KLSP-GP (Hensman et al.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,642	Along these zones, actin filaments polymerize, providing the force needed for constriction that floppy ER tubules lack (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,643	The reasons for excluding the toxic endpoints of necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP are that necrotizing enterocolitis and other GI toxicities were proven not to be associated with INDO dose or concentrations [24], and the association of ROP [20] was speculative given the secondary analysis and different treatment populations a priori for different dosing levels used to analyze that aspect of the study [11].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,644	PX-FERM proteins can then interact with NPxY/NxxY motif containing cargo, and also PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) cargo in the case of SNX27, at the early endosomal membrane (Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth et al., 2005; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,645	Interestingly, actin assembly was also recently revealed to take place at the interior of forming autophagosomes, and to be dependent on the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P; Mi et al., 2015).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,646	Finally, MG624 (a selective antagonist for the chick a7 homomeric receptor) binds the chick a7 subtype with a Ki of 106 nM (Gotti et al., 1998; Maggi et al., 1999), but the Ki of its binding to native a6 receptors is 40 times higher.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,647	The mouse neuronal hybrid cell line MN-1 was cultured and transfected as previously described (Drews et al. 2005), using 50 ng of test plasmid, 10 ng of control plasmid (pRLSV40, Promega), and the Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,648	This quiescence of tSCs was surprising because they are normally activated and extend processes when nerve contact is lost (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992; Son and Thompson, 1995b).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,649	3B), MBD1–3 and MBD5–6 act as two independent structural units and the orientation of MBD1-3 agrees with the data from recent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments (Yu et al. 2017b).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,650	This observation is highly interesting in light of the known prosurvival effect of sCLU (51) and the fact that high levels of gastrin over prolonged time periods, hypergastrinemia, is known to have a trophic effect on the gastric mucosa (59).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,651	Frequently, a Vincentizing procedure is used to construct group RT distributions from individual RT distributions (Ratcliff, 1979; Van Zandt, 2000).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,652	In many documents in medical literature (e.g. MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,653	Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). To assay for the explression of E-cadherin by rat PT cells, immunofluorescence distribution of the protein was investigated on confluent monolayers of WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells. Monolayers demonstrated the typical pattern of E-cadherin expression at the cell borders (Fig. 1A). Expression of the E-cadherin protein in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells was further confirmed by immunoblotting, where Biometals (2007) 20:807–820 811	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,654	…reportedly have bacterial activity which could justify their relevance in treatment of TB. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Rutaceae families have also been mentioned by several authors to be most used by local communities (Ugulu et al., 2009; Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007; Yineger and Yewhalaw, 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,655	There exists a deadlock in the system when there is a set of processes waiting for resources held by other processes in the same set [15].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,656	…note, our results indicate disrupted fiber integrity (FA decreases) and disrupted tissue microstructures (MD increases) in schizophrenia that concur with results of previous histopathologic studies where abnormalities in oligodendrocyte function have been reported [Uranova et al., 2001, 2004].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,657	…FAST2 o form an ARF (Chen et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; Zhou et al., 1998) which acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate gene expression (Liu et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,658	[19] System Task support, tools Older adults Location, activities Sensors, camera, GPS User-based, route, interface, content Concept	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,659	In contrast, in newly formed CNV lesions, significant leakage may have been evident on angiography but minimal fluid may have accumulated within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by a still relatively functional RPE [14].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,660	We then apply PVI to three probabilistic models: the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM; Antoniak, 1974; Escobar and West, 1995; Fearnhead, 2004), the infinite HMM (iHMM; Beal et al., 2002; Teh et al., 2006), and the Ising model.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,661	Most animal and plant D-type cyclins have the amino acid motif LxCxE near their amino terminus which is required for binding to the RBR protein (Ewen et al. 1993; Soni et al. 1995; Menges et al. 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,662	Another population of Astyanax eigenmanniorum, from Caetano stream, Uberlandia/MG, analyzed by Torres-Mariano and Morelli (2008), showed a formula of 14m + 18sm + 10st + 6a, constituted by a greater number of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (32), compared with the results obtained in this…	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,663	Existing complexity measures for concurrent algorithms typically consider the worst case [1, 3], and in rare instances the best case [4, 10], when estimating the number of steps required for an operation executed by a process to terminate.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,664	Identity begins to take shape during adolescence, but, with the incorporation of new life experiences, is continually modified throughout adulthood (McLean, 2008). Theories of identity maintain that individuals engage in particular actions to confirm their own identities and that social role expectations are internalized and demonstrated through behavior (Stryker & Burke, 2000). Most historical models of adult development that are discussed in the literature are based on research with all-male subjects or were written from a male vantage point (Caffarella & Olson, 1993). Factors that most meaningfully impact the identities of older women are unacknowledged in these models (Price, 1998). Such models, including work by Erikson (1982), stress D ow nl oa de d by [ M cG ill U ni ve rs ity L ib ra ry ] at 2 0: 35 0 5 Fe br ua ry 2 01 5	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,665	…high mean concentration of Fe in leafy green plants was lower than the concentrations (140, 292.35 and 601.9 mg/kg) obtained by Brar et al. (2000) in India; Yadav et al. (2013) in India; and Al-Jaboobi et al. (2014) in Morocco for leafy green plants irrigated with groundwater, respectively.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,666	The present experiment also calculated sensitivity by using the modified Davison and Tustin (1978) equations proposed by Lie and Alsop (2007; 2009).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,667	Fish abundance at each site was estimated using multiple-pass depletion methods (Hayes et al. 2007), val-	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,668	However, the scores from the max may be incomparable, and are often calibrated on a validation set to increase performance (Platt, 1999; Lin et al, 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,669	As in our recent works [24, 29, 31], we consider the following potential [44, 45] with a Cα chain representation and favorable pairwise native-centric interactions:	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,670	Background It is estimated that, at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more than 10 % of patients have one or two risk factors for foot disease, such as peripheral neuropathy (PN) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) [1].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,671	Ten years after the relevant work of Kozlowski et al., young post-communist democracies would appear to be incapable of defying this deeply rooted scientific/technical model. In a much more recent study, Vinkler (1998) encounters similar conducts in a comparison of Western Europe, the USA and Japan, with the scientific situation of countries from Central and Eastern Europe (excepting the former USSR).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,672	Genes coding for proteins with the GG(D/E)EF and E(A/V)L sequence motifs were identified with PSI-BLAST [38] using reference sequences available at NCBI Gene Entrez [39] [See Additional file 1], against the three K. pneumoniae genomes.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,673	This indicates that instabilities similar to those observed in the maize MuDR sequence (Hershberger et al. 1991) do not occur in the case of the rice OsMu element.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,674	Table 2: Per-class and average F1 scores (in %) of the models on the KITTI dataset (Ros et al. 2015; Kundu et al. 2014)	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,675	Oxidative stress present in insulin resistant obese subjects may worsen the angiotoxicity of homocysteine thus increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis [8, 9].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,676	from the local row bu er (read or write), and iii) clearing the local row bu er (precharging) [14, 37, 38, 66, 76, 77, 78].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,677	D and 3-CB has been confirmed (Kasberg et al., 1995; Laemmli et al., 2000, 2004; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2000; Plumeier et al., 2002).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,678	Since 2000, arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest have remained low and in some locations have been extirpated (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,679	The first-round PCR products were used directly in a second round of PCR using primers 2B and F (Hatada et al., 2010; Shibata et al., 2007; Yoshimura et al., 2006, 2010b) for gp120, IN 2F (59-CTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAA-39) and IN 2R (39-CCTAGTGGGATGTGTACTTCTGAACTTA-39) for IN, and IN 2F and F for…	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,680	This explanation is consistent with the observation that Swiss mice were unable to respond to surgical removal of some of their mammary tissue by elevation of milk production in the remaining tissue (Hammond et al., 1996) which is also consistent with the peripheral limitation hypothesis.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,681	A method based on optimizing the training data likelihood, such as Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus, 2002; Creutz and Lagus, 2007; Virpioja et al., 2013), ensures that common phenomena are modeled more accurately, for example by using full forms for highly-frequent words even if they consist of multiple morphemes.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,682	Poincaré plots were constructed from the R–R interval data for each participant (Carrasco et al. 2001).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,683	in the contractile apparatus and the receptors, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and fibrosis in the smooth muscle cells [6–8].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,684	responsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,685	[17] and earlier studies, that there is indeed an active (transcellular) component to oxalate absorption in the large intestine and this is represented by DRA.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,686	Unfortunately slight misinferences in the orientation of SNPs would artificially increase the amount of high frequency derived alleles (Williamson et al., 2005; Eyre-Walker et al., 2006).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,687	Glucose uptake was assessed in intact soleus muscle, a small thin slow-twitch muscle, incubated without or with insulin (60 nmol/l) as described previously [22].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,688	Furthermore, microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancers generally have a better prognosis and relatively rarely metastasize, yet around 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers are MSI (12).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,689	We compare the proposed classification algorithm (denoted as ‚ÄúCoLiBRi‚Äù for ‚ÄúConcept Lattice-Based Rule-learner‚Äù) with Scikit-learn [12] implementations of CART [2], Random Forest [1] and kNN on several datasets from the UCI machine learning repository.1 1 http://repository.seasr.org/Datasets/UCI/csv/ We used Gini impurity as a criterion for rule selection and MDL [3] for continuous feature discretization.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,690	We therefore contrast our work with state-of-the-art MI optimization algorithms included in the previously mentioned General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) (Bussieck and Meeraus, 2004) commercial algorithm suite as well as the Mixed-Integer Evolution Strategy (MIES) (Li et al., 2013).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,691	The general conclusions have been that a bead beating step is needed, and the FastDNA spin kit for soil has been recommended due to general high yield and purity [10,12].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,692	This may be due to the role of lysosomes in parvovirus-induced cell death, since the NAD /NADH system is involved in electron transport and acidification in these organelles (9).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,693	The resected specimens were classified as either low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei or high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei on pathologic evaluation by experienced peritoneal malignancy pathologist.(8) Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien– Dindo classification.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,694	On the one hand, our findings are consistent with results from experimental animal studies that described environmental effects of early life stress on inflammation levels (Cole et al., 2012, Delpech et al., 2016).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
3,695	We measured the diameters of terminal portion of the ICA; C7 segment (origin from posterior communicating artery to the bifurcation of the ICA) [31] on source image of TOF MRA.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,696	Antibodies recognizing mammalian homologs of katanin also recognize large microtubule-dependent structures surrounding γ-tubulin foci at spindle poles in several cell types and, in addition, recognize a smaller microtubule-independent focus at the centrosome in some cell types (McNally and Thomas, 1998).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,697	Although Hh signaling by SMOH was reported to be required in a chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease (Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009), it was found to be dispensable for the development of acute leukemias induced by either the Received 3 November 2009; revised 20 April 2010; accepted 20 May 2010; published online 5 July 2010 Correspondence: Dr TN Hartmann or Professor R Greil, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
3,698	Reported t-statistics are based on robust standard errors estimated using the Huber (1967) – White (1980) procedure.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
3,699	…plasticity deficits in hMT mice HFS of glutamatergic afferents led to the induction of robust LTD in MSNs in both coronal and parasagittal slices from NT mice, similar in magnitude and duration to that reported previously in mouse brain slices (Goldberg et al., 2005; Bonsi et al., 2008) (Fig.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background

3,600

In the case of aversion towards ambiguity, the observed decrease in reservation value is similar to that in Nishimura and Ozaki (2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,601

Hence, the lethality associated with mutations at the locus was suggested to be due to reduction in wg signaling (Haerry et al. 1997).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,602

…of non-genic SNPs. Gene classes were defined according to PharmaADME core list and related gene list (pharmaADME.org), CYP genes metabolizing primarily exogenous or endogenous substrates were defined based on information from the literature (Nebert and Russell 2002; Guengerich 2003; Thomas 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,603

The recovered parameters (Chapter 2) were in 142 accordance with those recovered from midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation in single HIM donors (Paine et al., 2004).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,604

Our approach uses XML [15] to describe accurately multi-level SLAs, as well as to share them among different members of the CloudLend network unambiguously, without the need for any data conversion.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,605

Studies have shown that response times are faster on trials when there is an expectation of a reward than on trials when there is none (Murray et al. 2008; Pessiglione et al. 2006), reflecting an increased motivation to obtain rewards.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,606

Wand and Weber [15,16,27] have extended an ontology presented by Bunge [28], and applied it to the modelling of information systems.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,607

Just by being present in the anemone nonbreeders are potential competitors for reproduction, and they must do something to mitigate this effect given that breeders can evict them (Buston 2003a).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,608

Adipocyte diameter measurements were performed using Image Pro imaging software (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD), as recently described (16).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,609

In addition, consistent with the result of our preclinical study, recent clinical study showed that alectinib was also highly active against ALK-positive NSCLC patients after treatment with crizotinib [21].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,610

…is most likely long lived as the short- term (cosmogenic nuclide) erosion rates are within the range of long-term (thermochronometry) rates, suggesting that there has been no significant change in exhumation rates in the past few million years (Safran et al. 2005, 2006; Wittmann et al. 2009).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,611

When we combine the results of these two studies in pancreatic and gastric cancer patients, we can say that HDL and PON1 levels are lower in cancer patients than in control subjects (Akcay et al., 2003a,b).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,612

The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy can be variable between-individual components of a muscle group (Narici et al., 1989, 1996; Housh et al., 1992; Norrbrand et al., 2008).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,613

The circulating HA has also been found to facilitate cancerous cells to escape the immune surveillance [7], and reduce the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, and mitomycin C [10].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,614

c-Jun-N-Terminal inhibitory kinase JIK and TRAF2 to the stimulated ER stress sensor IRE-1, where TRAF2 can activate ASK-1, an upstream activating kinase of JNK (2) activation of caspase 12, which is released from its

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,615

…are in line with previous research on the use of referential expressions in narratives, which showed similar variations in the use of referential forms linked to different moments or discourse stages (e.g., Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Contemori and Dussias, 2016).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,616

Our results suggest that the attractiveness genes may express not only during sexual maturation and reproduction but also during earlier life and their expression has antagonistic effects during the early stage [23, 46].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,617

Specifically, it appears that Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially as expressed by cold tropical temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have the most direct influence, with Atlantic Ocean SSTs perhaps having an indirect influence through dynamic effects on the atmospheric general circulation (Cook et al. 2011; Kushnir et al. 2010; McCrary and Randall 2010).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,618

There may be many reasons for this bias, not all intentional, but bias can also be indirect, unintentional and ambivalent (Snowden, 2003).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,619

” This is a highly reliable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and is currently being investigated for use in other tumor types [24, 28, 29].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,620

8 illustrates a summary for the comparison with the existing bit-split string matching approaches described in [8], [10], and [4].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,621

Previous studies applying the Quadruple Process model to the IAT, however, have yielded equivocal results (10, 27, 28).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,622

In particular, controllers for flying robots have taken inspiration from pheromone communication in ants (Hauert et al., 2008; Kuiper and Nadjm-Tehrani, 2006; Sauter et al., 2005), flocking by birds (Basu et al.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,623

TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like-2) has been previously linked to T2D, and has been cited as one of the most important signals associated with T2D [51].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,624

Then there have been a wide range of research covering a variety of different schemes for undeniable signatures over the past 15 years [7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 14, 18, 25, 4, 17, 16, 22, 3, 26, 27].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,625

To train the model, we optimize cross-entropy loss with stochastic gradient descent using minibatched backpropagation through time (BPTT; Rumelhart et al., 1988; Mikolov, 2012); the minibatch size for BPTT, again tuned on the dev set, is set to 9.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,626

Cognitive impairment is common to both disorders after onset but the magnitude of the impairment seems greater in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder (22).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,627

Its work has been published in a number of journals and at several international conferences ([2], [3], [4]).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,628

ygenase gene, behaved the same way as when challenged with 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005), i.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,629

The development of mathematical models for evolution of primary quantities of interest in bioreactor systems, as well as their incorporation into the design process, have the potential to accelerate the path to realization of optimal functional outcomes in engineered tissues; see [1] for a review of modeling approaches.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,630

Previous work [8, 2, 11] has demonstrated that a lowdimensional subspace can accurately capture the variation in images of a face resulting from arbitrarily complex variations in illumination.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,631

There exist some other techniques for controlling multivariate processes, such as multi-way PCA [7] (Louwerse and Smilde, 2000) and multi-way PLS [8] (Nomikos and MacGregor, 1995), the application of them is to reducing the dimensionality of the variable space for a multivariate process.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,632

PtdIns(3,4)P2 was demonstrated to have a higher affinity for Akt than PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, (14), and in accordance with this finding, several studies have shown that reduction of SHIP2 activity may result in decreased, rather then increased, Akt activity, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced cell death (15,24).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,633

gondii, or in mice that coxsackievirus-B3-induced viral myocarditis (20, 21, 34).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,634

It has been postulated that the latter is related to the long evolution of an ACP that leads to a scarring stage [3].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,635

‚Ä¶leaf litter were transferred into scintillation vials and stored in a solution of ethanol/formalin (70 %/10 % volume, which minimized mass loss; Leuven et al. 1985; von Schiller and Solimini 2005) until later identification (generally genus or species level; Tachet et al. 2000; Vieira-Lanero‚Ä¶

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,636

SphK1 inhibition, on the other hand, induces ceramide production and cancer cell apoptosis [30].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,637

The basic SH3-binding motif 163PPSP165 of human securin locates at the C-terminal region of the protein (UniProt: O95997) and can be elongated to an extended motif 163PPSPVK168, which belongs to the class II SH3 binding motif (PxxPx+, where + refers to a positively charged residue) (12).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,638

Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,639

Since it has been shown that this modification reduces the binding activity of annexin [8], and also, that all four domains present in anxA5 are necessary for optimal binding affinity [9], it is important to ensure that the binding properties of anxA5 are not impaired by these reactions.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,640

Traumatic events were assessed using the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0, a fully structured diagnostic interview administered by trained lay interviewers [21], which includes a screen for traumatic events as part of the module for the diagnosis of PTSD.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,641

Then, we compare the proposed TTGP method with SVI-GP (Hensman et al. (2013)) on regression tasks and KLSP-GP (Hensman et al.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,642

Along these zones, actin filaments polymerize, providing the force needed for constriction that floppy ER tubules lack (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,643

The reasons for excluding the toxic endpoints of necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP are that necrotizing enterocolitis and other GI toxicities were proven not to be associated with INDO dose or concentrations [24], and the association of ROP [20] was speculative given the secondary analysis and different treatment populations a priori for different dosing levels used to analyze that aspect of the study [11].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,644

PX-FERM proteins can then interact with NPxY/NxxY motif containing cargo, and also PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) cargo in the case of SNX27, at the early endosomal membrane (Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth et al., 2005; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,645

Interestingly, actin assembly was also recently revealed to take place at the interior of forming autophagosomes, and to be dependent on the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P; Mi et al., 2015).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,646

Finally, MG624 (a selective antagonist for the chick a7 homomeric receptor) binds the chick a7 subtype with a Ki of 106 nM (Gotti et al., 1998; Maggi et al., 1999), but the Ki of its binding to native a6 receptors is 40 times higher.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,647

The mouse neuronal hybrid cell line MN-1 was cultured and transfected as previously described (Drews et al. 2005), using 50 ng of test plasmid, 10 ng of control plasmid (pRLSV40, Promega), and the Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,648

This quiescence of tSCs was surprising because they are normally activated and extend processes when nerve contact is lost (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992; Son and Thompson, 1995b).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,649

3B), MBD1–3 and MBD5–6 act as two independent structural units and the orientation of MBD1-3 agrees with the data from recent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments (Yu et al. 2017b).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,650

This observation is highly interesting in light of the known prosurvival effect of sCLU (51) and the fact that high levels of gastrin over prolonged time periods, hypergastrinemia, is known to have a trophic effect on the gastric mucosa (59).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,651

Frequently, a Vincentizing procedure is used to construct group RT distributions from individual RT distributions (Ratcliff, 1979; Van Zandt, 2000).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,652

In many documents in medical literature (e.g. MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,653

Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). To assay for the explression of E-cadherin by rat PT cells, immunofluorescence distribution of the protein was investigated on confluent monolayers of WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells. Monolayers demonstrated the typical pattern of E-cadherin expression at the cell borders (Fig. 1A). Expression of the E-cadherin protein in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells was further confirmed by immunoblotting, where Biometals (2007) 20:807–820 811

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,654

…reportedly have bacterial activity which could justify their relevance in treatment of TB. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Rutaceae families have also been mentioned by several authors to be most used by local communities (Ugulu et al., 2009; Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007; Yineger and Yewhalaw, 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,655

There exists a deadlock in the system when there is a set of processes waiting for resources held by other processes in the same set [15].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,656

…note, our results indicate disrupted fiber integrity (FA decreases) and disrupted tissue microstructures (MD increases) in schizophrenia that concur with results of previous histopathologic studies where abnormalities in oligodendrocyte function have been reported [Uranova et al., 2001, 2004].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,657

…FAST2 o form an ARF (Chen et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; Zhou et al., 1998) which acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate gene expression (Liu et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,658

[19] System Task support, tools Older adults Location, activities Sensors, camera, GPS User-based, route, interface, content Concept

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,659

In contrast, in newly formed CNV lesions, significant leakage may have been evident on angiography but minimal fluid may have accumulated within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by a still relatively functional RPE [14].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,660

We then apply PVI to three probabilistic models: the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM; Antoniak, 1974; Escobar and West, 1995; Fearnhead, 2004), the infinite HMM (iHMM; Beal et al., 2002; Teh et al., 2006), and the Ising model.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,661

Most animal and plant D-type cyclins have the amino acid motif LxCxE near their amino terminus which is required for binding to the RBR protein (Ewen et al. 1993; Soni et al. 1995; Menges et al. 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,662

Another population of Astyanax eigenmanniorum, from Caetano stream, Uberlandia/MG, analyzed by Torres-Mariano and Morelli (2008), showed a formula of 14m + 18sm + 10st + 6a, constituted by a greater number of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (32), compared with the results obtained in this…

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,663

Existing complexity measures for concurrent algorithms typically consider the worst case [1, 3], and in rare instances the best case [4, 10], when estimating the number of steps required for an operation executed by a process to terminate.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,664

Identity begins to take shape during adolescence, but, with the incorporation of new life experiences, is continually modified throughout adulthood (McLean, 2008). Theories of identity maintain that individuals engage in particular actions to confirm their own identities and that social role expectations are internalized and demonstrated through behavior (Stryker & Burke, 2000). Most historical models of adult development that are discussed in the literature are based on research with all-male subjects or were written from a male vantage point (Caffarella & Olson, 1993). Factors that most meaningfully impact the identities of older women are unacknowledged in these models (Price, 1998). Such models, including work by Erikson (1982), stress D ow nl oa de d by [ M cG ill U ni ve rs ity L ib ra ry ] at 2 0: 35 0 5 Fe br ua ry 2 01 5

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,665

…high mean concentration of Fe in leafy green plants was lower than the concentrations (140, 292.35 and 601.9 mg/kg) obtained by Brar et al. (2000) in India; Yadav et al. (2013) in India; and Al-Jaboobi et al. (2014) in Morocco for leafy green plants irrigated with groundwater, respectively.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,666

The present experiment also calculated sensitivity by using the modified Davison and Tustin (1978) equations proposed by Lie and Alsop (2007; 2009).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,667

Fish abundance at each site was estimated using multiple-pass depletion methods (Hayes et al. 2007), val-

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,668

However, the scores from the max may be incomparable, and are often calibrated on a validation set to increase performance (Platt, 1999; Lin et al, 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,669

As in our recent works [24, 29, 31], we consider the following potential [44, 45] with a Cα chain representation and favorable pairwise native-centric interactions:

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,670

Background It is estimated that, at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more than 10 % of patients have one or two risk factors for foot disease, such as peripheral neuropathy (PN) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) [1].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,671

Ten years after the relevant work of Kozlowski et al., young post-communist democracies would appear to be incapable of defying this deeply rooted scientific/technical model. In a much more recent study, Vinkler (1998) encounters similar conducts in a comparison of Western Europe, the USA and Japan, with the scientific situation of countries from Central and Eastern Europe (excepting the former USSR).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,672

Genes coding for proteins with the GG(D/E)EF and E(A/V)L sequence motifs were identified with PSI-BLAST [38] using reference sequences available at NCBI Gene Entrez [39] [See Additional file 1], against the three K. pneumoniae genomes.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,673

This indicates that instabilities similar to those observed in the maize MuDR sequence (Hershberger et al. 1991) do not occur in the case of the rice OsMu element.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,674

Table 2: Per-class and average F1 scores (in %) of the models on the KITTI dataset (Ros et al. 2015; Kundu et al. 2014)

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,675

Oxidative stress present in insulin resistant obese subjects may worsen the angiotoxicity of homocysteine thus increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis [8, 9].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,676

from the local row bu er (read or write), and iii) clearing the local row bu er (precharging) [14, 37, 38, 66, 76, 77, 78].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,677

D and 3-CB has been confirmed (Kasberg et al., 1995; Laemmli et al., 2000, 2004; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2000; Plumeier et al., 2002).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,678

Since 2000, arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest have remained low and in some locations have been extirpated (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,679

The first-round PCR products were used directly in a second round of PCR using primers 2B and F (Hatada et al., 2010; Shibata et al., 2007; Yoshimura et al., 2006, 2010b) for gp120, IN 2F (59-CTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAA-39) and IN 2R (39-CCTAGTGGGATGTGTACTTCTGAACTTA-39) for IN, and IN 2F and F for…

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,680

This explanation is consistent with the observation that Swiss mice were unable to respond to surgical removal of some of their mammary tissue by elevation of milk production in the remaining tissue (Hammond et al., 1996) which is also consistent with the peripheral limitation hypothesis.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,681

A method based on optimizing the training data likelihood, such as Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus, 2002; Creutz and Lagus, 2007; Virpioja et al., 2013), ensures that common phenomena are modeled more accurately, for example by using full forms for highly-frequent words even if they consist of multiple morphemes.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,682

Poincaré plots were constructed from the R–R interval data for each participant (Carrasco et al. 2001).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,683

in the contractile apparatus and the receptors, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and fibrosis in the smooth muscle cells [6–8].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,684

responsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,685

[17] and earlier studies, that there is indeed an active (transcellular) component to oxalate absorption in the large intestine and this is represented by DRA.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,686

Unfortunately slight misinferences in the orientation of SNPs would artificially increase the amount of high frequency derived alleles (Williamson et al., 2005; Eyre-Walker et al., 2006).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,687

Glucose uptake was assessed in intact soleus muscle, a small thin slow-twitch muscle, incubated without or with insulin (60 nmol/l) as described previously [22].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,688

Furthermore, microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancers generally have a better prognosis and relatively rarely metastasize, yet around 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers are MSI (12).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,689

We compare the proposed classification algorithm (denoted as ‚ÄúCoLiBRi‚Äù for ‚ÄúConcept Lattice-Based Rule-learner‚Äù) with Scikit-learn [12] implementations of CART [2], Random Forest [1] and kNN on several datasets from the UCI machine learning repository.1 1 http://repository.seasr.org/Datasets/UCI/csv/ We used Gini impurity as a criterion for rule selection and MDL [3] for continuous feature discretization.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,690

We therefore contrast our work with state-of-the-art MI optimization algorithms included in the previously mentioned General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) (Bussieck and Meeraus, 2004) commercial algorithm suite as well as the Mixed-Integer Evolution Strategy (MIES) (Li et al., 2013).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,691

The general conclusions have been that a bead beating step is needed, and the FastDNA spin kit for soil has been recommended due to general high yield and purity [10,12].

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,692

This may be due to the role of lysosomes in parvovirus-induced cell death, since the NAD /NADH system is involved in electron transport and acidification in these organelles (9).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,693

The resected specimens were classified as either low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei or high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei on pathologic evaluation by experienced peritoneal malignancy pathologist.(8) Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien– Dindo classification.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,694

On the one hand, our findings are consistent with results from experimental animal studies that described environmental effects of early life stress on inflammation levels (Cole et al., 2012, Delpech et al., 2016).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

result

3,695

We measured the diameters of terminal portion of the ICA; C7 segment (origin from posterior communicating artery to the bifurcation of the ICA) [31] on source image of TOF MRA.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,696

Antibodies recognizing mammalian homologs of katanin also recognize large microtubule-dependent structures surrounding γ-tubulin foci at spindle poles in several cell types and, in addition, recognize a smaller microtubule-independent focus at the centrosome in some cell types (McNally and Thomas, 1998).

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,697

Although Hh signaling by SMOH was reported to be required in a chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease (Dierks et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009), it was found to be dispensable for the development of acute leukemias induced by either the Received 3 November 2009; revised 20 April 2010; accepted 20 May 2010; published online 5 July 2010 Correspondence: Dr TN Hartmann or Professor R Greil, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, IIIrd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background

3,698

Reported t-statistics are based on robust standard errors estimated using the Huber (1967) – White (1980) procedure.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

method

3,699

…plasticity deficits in hMT mice HFS of glutamatergic afferents led to the induction of robust LTD in MSNs in both coronal and parasagittal slices from NT mice, similar in magnitude and duration to that reported previously in mouse brain slices (Goldberg et al., 2005; Bonsi et al., 2008) (Fig.

Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"

background