mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

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These cases were chosen for study because they were all deaths as a result of suicidal ingestion of drugs in which quetiapine was considered a significant factor.	[ { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "quetiapine" } ]
We report a 4-year-old girl who presented with acute bilateral blindness, a focal seizure and hypertension 10 days after commencing oxybutynin to treat enuresis.	[ { "ade": "focal seizure", "drug": "oxybutynin" }, { "ade": "hypertension", "drug": "oxybutynin" }, { "ade": "acute bilateral blindness", "drug": "oxybutynin" } ]
No explanation for this delay was found, other than the possibility that magnesium sulfate treatment impeded lactogenesis.	[ { "ade": "impeded lactogenesis", "drug": "magnesium sulfate" } ]
In this paper, we report a case of severe hypercalcemia of immobilization in a 40-year-old hemodialyzed woman treated by cinacalcet HCl for a severe HPTH-II (PTH>1,000 pg/mL).	[ { "ade": "severe hypercalcemia", "drug": "cinacalcet HCl" } ]
After 1 week of nefazodone therapy the patient experienced headache, confusion, and "gray areas" in her vision, without abnormal ophthalmologic findings.	[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "nefazodone" }, { "ade": "gray areas", "drug": "nefazodone" }, { "ade": "headache", "drug": "nefazodone" } ]
The typical fluoxetine-induced symptoms of restlessness, constant pacing, purposeless movements of the feet and legs, and marked anxiety were indistinguishable from those of neuroleptic-induced akathisia.	[ { "ade": "purposeless movements of the feet and legs", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "restlessness", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "constant pacing", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "marked anxiety", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]
We report a case of senna-induced cholestatic hepatitis which was not diagnosed at presentation.	[ { "ade": "cholestatic hepatitis", "drug": "senna" } ]
We suggest that the previous classification of nitrofurantoin induced lung injury into "acute" and "chronic" injury is an oversimplification in view of the wide variety of pathological entities that have subsequently emerged.	[ { "ade": "nitrofurantoin induced lung injury", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]
This case report describes a patient who was previously prescribed alendronate (Fosamax) and presented with postoperative hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany after bowel preparation with Fleet Phospho-Soda.	[ { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "Fosamax" }, { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "Fleet Phospho-Soda" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "alendronate" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "Fosamax" }, { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "alendronate" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "Fleet Phospho-Soda" } ]
Anaphylaxis after the injection of chymopapain occurs in about 1% of such cases.	[ { "ade": "Anaphylaxis", "drug": "chymopapain" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine through breast-feeding.	[ { "ade": "severe apnea", "drug": "lamotrigine" } ]
Treatment of ELP in children is generally supportive, with the symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolving within months after stopping the use of mineral oil.	[ { "ade": "roentgenographic abnormalities", "drug": "mineral oil" }, { "ade": "ELP", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]
We report two patients with acne vulgaris with a fourth type of minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation.	[ { "ade": "cutaneous pigmentation", "drug": "minocycline" } ]
Neurologic symptoms resolved after stopping CAP for 4 weeks in Patient A, with no recurrence after reinitiating CAP alone at 2000 mg/m2.	[ { "ade": "Neurologic symptoms", "drug": "CAP" } ]
We have reported six cases of metoclopramide-induced parkinsonism seen in consultation over a two-year period.	[ { "ade": "parkinsonism", "drug": "metoclopramide" } ]
We report the case of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with rifampicin who had a 'normal' screening test for adrenal insufficiency, yet had clinical evidence of adrenal failure.	[ { "ade": "adrenal failure", "drug": "rifampicin" } ]
Diagnosis of sclerosing glomerulonephritis occurred in this patient during anastrozole use, suggesting a newly defined side effect of anastrozole.	[ { "ade": "sclerosing glomerulonephritis", "drug": "anastrozole" } ]
Central nervous system toxicity associated with meperidine use in hepatic disease.	[ { "ade": "Central nervous system toxicity", "drug": "meperidine" } ]
Liver disease induced by perhexiline maleate.	[ { "ade": "Liver disease", "drug": "perhexiline maleate" } ]
One case of tacrolimus-induced hepatic VOD developing after lung transplantation (LT) has been recently reported.	[ { "ade": "hepatic VOD", "drug": "tacrolimus" } ]
A 74-year-old patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease was evaluated for unintended sleep episodes that occurred after long-term treatment with 400 mg/day of L-dopa.	[ { "ade": "unintended sleep episodes", "drug": "L-dopa" } ]
Septic knee arthritis after intra-articular hyaluronate injection.	[ { "ade": "Septic knee arthritis", "drug": "hyaluronate" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.	[ { "ade": "nonconvulsive status epilepticus", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]
A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.	[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "phenytoin" }, { "ade": "mononucleosis", "drug": "phenytoin" }, { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]
Pilocarpine toxicity and the treatment of xerostomia.	[ { "ade": "Pilocarpine toxicity", "drug": "Pilocarpine" } ]
DISCUSSION: After exclusion of other causes, the onset of thrombocytopenia after administration of lansoprazole, the resolution of the adverse reaction after discontinuation of the drug, and the fact that no other medicines were introduced during this time frame lead us to believe that this was most likely an idiosyncratic thrombocytopenic response to lansoprazole.	[ { "ade": "thrombocytopenic", "drug": "lansoprazole" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "lansoprazole" } ]
Preliminary results suggest that the higher concentrations of dextrose induce increased histamine release from blood cells, and that this phenomenon is more marked in diabetic, and particularly diabetic-allergic, individuals.	[ { "ade": "increased histamine release", "drug": "dextrose" } ]
Acyclovir neurotoxicity: clinical experience and review of the literature.	[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "Acyclovir" } ]
Loperamide poisoning in the dog.	[ { "ade": "Loperamide poisoning", "drug": "Loperamide" } ]
Risperidone-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in two children.	[ { "ade": "obsessive-compulsive symptoms", "drug": "Risperidone" } ]
This is the first report of UFT-induced scleroderma-like reaction.	[ { "ade": "UFT-induced scleroderma-like reaction", "drug": "UFT" } ]
The authors report a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) occurring in a patient under treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) for post-traumatic petit mal epilepsy, and review the current literature of drug-induced AP.	[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "CBZ" }, { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "carbamazepine" } ]
OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical course of a woman with cryptococcal meningitis and no previous cardiac disease who developed a fatal cardiac arrhythmia after an acute overdose of amphotericin B and to review its toxicity.	[ { "ade": "fatal cardiac arrhythmia", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]
Case 2: A 43-year-old male alcoholic remained completely abstinent with cyanamide treatment for 5 years and complained of general fatigue.	[ { "ade": "general fatigue", "drug": "cyanamide" } ]
Bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaw mimicking a tumour.	[ { "ade": "osteochemonecrosis of the jaw", "drug": "Bisphosphonate" } ]
Hypersensitivity reaction following chloramphenicol administration in a patient with typhoid fever.	[ { "ade": "Hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "chloramphenicol" } ]
Clinicians who manage cachectic patients, particularly those with protracted diarrhoea and/or receiving anti-malarial drugs including mefloquine, should be aware of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia.	[ { "ade": "severe hypoglycaemia", "drug": "mefloquine" } ]
Transient neurological disturbances induced by the chemotherapy of high-dose methotrexate for osteogenic sarcoma.	[ { "ade": "Transient neurological disturbances", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Trichiasis associated with prostaglandin analog use.	[ { "ade": "Trichiasis", "drug": "prostaglandin" } ]
The literature search found 12 cases of radiation recall caused by gemcitabine.	[ { "ade": "radiation recall", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]
This case report describes an adolescent with severe lupus erythematosus who received cyclophosphamide (CY) paired with taste (cod liver oil) and smell (rose perfume) as conditioned stimuli.	[ { "ade": "severe lupus erythematosus", "drug": "CY" }, { "ade": "severe lupus erythematosus", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]
A 58-year old patient is reported who developed an ischaemic cerebrovascular accident 22 hours after successful thrombolysis with streptokinase for life-threatening pulmonary emboli.	[ { "ade": "ischaemic cerebrovascular accident", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to therapy with the drug gefitinib has been well reported.	[ { "ade": "Interstitial lung disease", "drug": "gefitinib" }, { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "gefitinib" } ]
Agranulocytosis during clozapine therapy.	[ { "ade": "Agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
Stroke is an infrequent but recognized complication of heroin addiction.	[ { "ade": "Stroke", "drug": "heroin" } ]
A 52-year-old Black woman on phenytoin therapy for post-traumatic epilepsy developed transient hemiparesis contralateral to the injury.	[ { "ade": "transient hemiparesis", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]
Disseminated cellulitic cryptococcosis in the setting of prednisone monotherapy for pemphigus vulgaris.	[ { "ade": "Disseminated cellulitic cryptococcosis", "drug": "prednisone" } ]
Clinicians should be vigilant when monitoring for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving pentamidine throughout the duration of therapy.	[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "pentamidine" } ]
Previous studies have demonstrated the interaction of MTX and a variety of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with various clinical manifestations including acute renal failure, pancytopenia, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated liver transaminases, jaundice, mucosal ulcerations, and pyrexia.	[ { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "pyrexia", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "vomiting", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "mucosal ulcerations", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "jaundice", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "pancytopenia", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "elevated liver transaminases", "drug": "MTX" } ]
5-Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity complicating treatment of stage IIB cervical cancer--case report.	[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-Fluorouracil" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Low dosages of quinacrine used for malaria prophylaxis can be associated with a delayed, severe maculopathy indistinguishable from chloroquine maculopathy in certain patients.	[ { "ade": "severe maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" }, { "ade": "maculopathy", "drug": "chloroquine" } ]
The nephrotic syndrome developed in a patient receiving therapy with gold for rheumatoid arthritis.	[ { "ade": "nephrotic syndrome", "drug": "gold" } ]
We describe the infectious toxicities experienced by the first two patients in our institution treated with dexamethasone (10 mg/m(2)/day for 4 weeks with gradual tapering) during induction according to the dexamethasone arm of BFM 2000 and review the relevant literature that suggests an increased risk of infectious complications with dexamethasone.	[ { "ade": "infectious toxicities", "drug": "dexamethasone" }, { "ade": "infectious complications", "drug": "dexamethasone" } ]
DISCUSSION: Electrolyte disorders associated with foscarnet are reviewed.	[ { "ade": "Electrolyte disorders", "drug": "foscarnet" } ]
Due to the increasing use of TMP-SMX in children, clinicians should be aware of this potentially life-threatening, immunemediated hypersensitivity reaction.	[ { "ade": "immunemediated hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "TMP-SMX" } ]
When the data of the 57 patients are evaluated, a reversible direct cytotoxic effect of ticlopidine on the pluripotent/bipotent hematopoietic progenitor stem cell is proposed.	[ { "ade": "cytotoxic effect", "drug": "ticlopidine" } ]
Two weeks following rechallenge with alendronate sodium resulted in recurrence of his scleritis.	[ { "ade": "scleritis", "drug": "alendronate sodium" } ]
Bleomycin and cyclophosphamide toxicity simulating metastatic nodules to the lungs in childhood cancer.	[ { "ade": "metastatic nodules", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "metastatic nodules", "drug": "Bleomycin" } ]
Hypoglycemia can be a serious side effect of etanercept in patients already on antidiabetic medications known to cause hypoglycemia, such as sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and insulin.	[ { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "Hypoglycemia", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "meglitinides" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "sulfonylureas" } ]
Bortezomib-induced paralytic ileus is a potential gastrointestinal side effect of this first-in-class anticancer proteasome inhibitor.	[ { "ade": "gastrointestinal side effect", "drug": "Bortezomib" }, { "ade": "paralytic ileus", "drug": "Bortezomib" } ]
Seizures occurred in two patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were receiving long-term treatment with metrifonate, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	[ { "ade": "Seizures", "drug": "metrifonate" } ]
We strongly suspect that this lethal anuria was mainly due to ifosfamide, occurring in a patient having received previous cisplatin chemotherapy and with poor kidney perfusion due to transient hypotension.	[ { "ade": "lethal anuria", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]
Abnormal retinal function associated with isotretinoin therapy for acne.	[ { "ade": "Abnormal retinal function", "drug": "isotretinoin" } ]
Insulin-induced cardiac failure.	[ { "ade": "cardiac failure", "drug": "Insulin" } ]
A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis.	[ { "ade": "exfoliative dermatitis", "drug": "minocycline" }, { "ade": "eruption", "drug": "minocycline" } ]
Prolonged responses were achieved with low doses of HU (3-10 mg/kg/day) and higher doses were associated with mild reversible hematologic or hepatic toxicity and no further increases in Hb.	[ { "ade": "hepatic toxicity", "drug": "HU" }, { "ade": "mild reversible hematologic", "drug": "HU" } ]
An immediate hemolytic reaction induced by repeated administration of oxaliplatin.	[ { "ade": "hemolytic reaction", "drug": "oxaliplatin" } ]
CONCLUSION: Therapy with indapamide may induce diabetes in essential hypertension patients.	[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]
The use of pamidronate for hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D intoxication.	[ { "ade": "vitamin D intoxication", "drug": "vitamin D" } ]
DISCUSSION: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity has been described with ifosfamide, with most cases reported in the pediatric population.	[ { "ade": "Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]
We report a case of hepatolithiasis (intrahepatic stone) complicated by gram-negative sepsis in a 37 year old male with acromegaly being treated with octreotide.	[ { "ade": "hepatolithiasis", "drug": "octreotide" } ]
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that may increase the risk of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis.	[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "Erythromycin" }, { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "lovastatin" } ]
We report a case of papillary necrosis in a patient treated with indinavir.	[ { "ade": "papillary necrosis", "drug": "indinavir" } ]
Salicylate intoxication was excluded, and theophylline was finally incriminated.	[ { "ade": "intoxication", "drug": "theophylline" } ]
The patient suffered a life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine.	[ { "ade": "life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction", "drug": "amifostine" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Cicatrization in the substantia propria of the conjunctiva by excessive lymphocytic infiltration after topically administered antiglaucoma drugs including dipivefrin is a possible mechanism of action for entropion.	[ { "ade": "entropion", "drug": "dipivefrin" } ]
Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating long-term mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil therapy for gastric carcinoma.	[ { "ade": "Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome", "drug": "mitomycin C" }, { "ade": "Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
We report two cases of tenofovir (TDF)-associated nephrotoxicity in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.	[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "TDF" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "tenofovir" } ]
Symptoms and signs of augmentation were related to low plasma levodopa levels, abating 75 minutes after oral levodopa administration and reappearing after 3 hours, closely mirroring the rapid rise and fall of plasma levodopa concentration.	[ { "ade": "augmentation", "drug": "levodopa" } ]
After discontinuing captopril and starting systemic steroids, her symptomatology rapidly improved, and her eosinophilia and radiographic abnormalities both resolved.	[ { "ade": "radiographic abnormalities", "drug": "captopril" }, { "ade": "eosinophilia", "drug": "captopril" } ]
Physicians should be aware that PLP can occur after initiation of paclitaxel.	[ { "ade": "PLP", "drug": "paclitaxel" } ]
The clinical findings and laboratory studies suggested an autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by phenobarbital.	[ { "ade": "autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity", "drug": "phenobarbital" } ]
NMS is a drug-related response to various medications, such as Haloperidol, which the patient was receiving.	[ { "ade": "NMS", "drug": "Haloperidol" } ]
Myotonia associated with sarcoidosis: marked exacerbation with pravastatin.	[ { "ade": "Myotonia", "drug": "pravastatin" } ]
We describe the first case of de novo asthma following treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril.	[ { "ade": "asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]
A 7-year-old girl developed diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after 3.5 years of almost continuous treatment with azathioprine and/or prednisone for idiopathic auto-immune haemolytic anaemia.	[ { "ade": "diabetes mellitus", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "diabetes mellitus", "drug": "azathioprine" }, { "ade": "exocrine pancreatic insufficiency", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "exocrine pancreatic insufficiency", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]
Clinicians should be aware that an erythematous and exfoliative rash may be induced by temozolomide, and be familiar with the pharmacologic and supportive measures necessary for its treatment.	[ { "ade": "exfoliative rash", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]
According to the Naranjo probability scale, the papular eruption was probably caused by methotrexate.	[ { "ade": "papular eruption", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Colonic mucosal necrosis following administration of calcium polystryrene sulfonate (Kalimate) in a uremic patient.	[ { "ade": "Colonic mucosal necrosis", "drug": "calcium polystryrene sulfonate" }, { "ade": "Colonic mucosal necrosis", "drug": "Kalimate" } ]
After cessation of amantadine, the edema resolved, and the endothelial cell densities were <or=600/mm.	[ { "ade": "edema", "drug": "amantadine" } ]
An unusual case of Ecstasy poisoning.	[ { "ade": "Ecstasy poisoning", "drug": "Ecstasy" } ]
Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus secondary to lithium therapy and was treated successfully with amiloride.	[ { "ade": "diabetes insipidus", "drug": "lithium" } ]
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: a pharmacogenetic defect causing severe adverse reactions to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.	[ { "ade": "severe adverse reactions", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]
Hepatobiliary disorders associated with orally administered terbinafine have rarely been reported.	[ { "ade": "Hepatobiliary disorders", "drug": "terbinafine" } ]
Proconvulsive tendency of imipenem/cilastatin is one of its well-known side effects.	[ { "ade": "Proconvulsive", "drug": "imipenem" }, { "ade": "Proconvulsive", "drug": "cilastatin" } ]
An infant who developed pancreatitis during meglumine antimoniate treatment for visceral leishmaniasis and who was successfully treated with a combination of allopurinol and ketoconazole is reported.	[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "meglumine antimoniate" } ]
L-asparaginase-provoked seizures as singular expression of central nervous toxicity.	[ { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "central nervous toxicity", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]
Systemic vasculitis complicating hairy cell leukaemia treatment with cladribine.	[ { "ade": "Systemic vasculitis", "drug": "cladribine" } ]
Presented is a case story of a woman with classical rheumatoid arthritis, who during introduction of sulphasalazine (SASP) therapy developed a severe and lasting psoriasis-like skin reaction.	[ { "ade": "psoriasis-like skin reaction", "drug": "sulphasalazine" }, { "ade": "psoriasis-like skin reaction", "drug": "SASP" } ]
Adrenaline dacryolith: detection by ultrasound examination of the nasolacrimal duct.	[ { "ade": "dacryolith", "drug": "Adrenaline" } ]

These cases were chosen for study because they were all deaths as a result of suicidal ingestion of drugs in which quetiapine was considered a significant factor.

[ { "ade": "deaths", "drug": "quetiapine" } ]

We report a 4-year-old girl who presented with acute bilateral blindness, a focal seizure and hypertension 10 days after commencing oxybutynin to treat enuresis.

[ { "ade": "focal seizure", "drug": "oxybutynin" }, { "ade": "hypertension", "drug": "oxybutynin" }, { "ade": "acute bilateral blindness", "drug": "oxybutynin" } ]

No explanation for this delay was found, other than the possibility that magnesium sulfate treatment impeded lactogenesis.

[ { "ade": "impeded lactogenesis", "drug": "magnesium sulfate" } ]

In this paper, we report a case of severe hypercalcemia of immobilization in a 40-year-old hemodialyzed woman treated by cinacalcet HCl for a severe HPTH-II (PTH>1,000 pg/mL).

[ { "ade": "severe hypercalcemia", "drug": "cinacalcet HCl" } ]

After 1 week of nefazodone therapy the patient experienced headache, confusion, and "gray areas" in her vision, without abnormal ophthalmologic findings.

[ { "ade": "confusion", "drug": "nefazodone" }, { "ade": "gray areas", "drug": "nefazodone" }, { "ade": "headache", "drug": "nefazodone" } ]

The typical fluoxetine-induced symptoms of restlessness, constant pacing, purposeless movements of the feet and legs, and marked anxiety were indistinguishable from those of neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

[ { "ade": "purposeless movements of the feet and legs", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "restlessness", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "constant pacing", "drug": "fluoxetine" }, { "ade": "marked anxiety", "drug": "fluoxetine" } ]

We report a case of senna-induced cholestatic hepatitis which was not diagnosed at presentation.

[ { "ade": "cholestatic hepatitis", "drug": "senna" } ]

We suggest that the previous classification of nitrofurantoin induced lung injury into "acute" and "chronic" injury is an oversimplification in view of the wide variety of pathological entities that have subsequently emerged.

[ { "ade": "nitrofurantoin induced lung injury", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]

This case report describes a patient who was previously prescribed alendronate (Fosamax) and presented with postoperative hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany after bowel preparation with Fleet Phospho-Soda.

[ { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "Fosamax" }, { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "Fleet Phospho-Soda" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "alendronate" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "Fosamax" }, { "ade": "hypophosphatemia", "drug": "alendronate" }, { "ade": "hypocalcemic tetany", "drug": "Fleet Phospho-Soda" } ]

Anaphylaxis after the injection of chymopapain occurs in about 1% of such cases.

[ { "ade": "Anaphylaxis", "drug": "chymopapain" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine through breast-feeding.

[ { "ade": "severe apnea", "drug": "lamotrigine" } ]

Treatment of ELP in children is generally supportive, with the symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolving within months after stopping the use of mineral oil.

[ { "ade": "roentgenographic abnormalities", "drug": "mineral oil" }, { "ade": "ELP", "drug": "mineral oil" } ]

We report two patients with acne vulgaris with a fourth type of minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation.

[ { "ade": "cutaneous pigmentation", "drug": "minocycline" } ]

Neurologic symptoms resolved after stopping CAP for 4 weeks in Patient A, with no recurrence after reinitiating CAP alone at 2000 mg/m2.

[ { "ade": "Neurologic symptoms", "drug": "CAP" } ]

We have reported six cases of metoclopramide-induced parkinsonism seen in consultation over a two-year period.

[ { "ade": "parkinsonism", "drug": "metoclopramide" } ]

We report the case of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with rifampicin who had a 'normal' screening test for adrenal insufficiency, yet had clinical evidence of adrenal failure.

[ { "ade": "adrenal failure", "drug": "rifampicin" } ]

Diagnosis of sclerosing glomerulonephritis occurred in this patient during anastrozole use, suggesting a newly defined side effect of anastrozole.

[ { "ade": "sclerosing glomerulonephritis", "drug": "anastrozole" } ]

Central nervous system toxicity associated with meperidine use in hepatic disease.

[ { "ade": "Central nervous system toxicity", "drug": "meperidine" } ]

Liver disease induced by perhexiline maleate.

[ { "ade": "Liver disease", "drug": "perhexiline maleate" } ]

One case of tacrolimus-induced hepatic VOD developing after lung transplantation (LT) has been recently reported.

[ { "ade": "hepatic VOD", "drug": "tacrolimus" } ]

A 74-year-old patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease was evaluated for unintended sleep episodes that occurred after long-term treatment with 400 mg/day of L-dopa.

[ { "ade": "unintended sleep episodes", "drug": "L-dopa" } ]

Septic knee arthritis after intra-articular hyaluronate injection.

[ { "ade": "Septic knee arthritis", "drug": "hyaluronate" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

[ { "ade": "nonconvulsive status epilepticus", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]

A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.

[ { "ade": "hepatitis", "drug": "phenytoin" }, { "ade": "mononucleosis", "drug": "phenytoin" }, { "ade": "hypersensitivity reactions", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]

Pilocarpine toxicity and the treatment of xerostomia.

[ { "ade": "Pilocarpine toxicity", "drug": "Pilocarpine" } ]

DISCUSSION: After exclusion of other causes, the onset of thrombocytopenia after administration of lansoprazole, the resolution of the adverse reaction after discontinuation of the drug, and the fact that no other medicines were introduced during this time frame lead us to believe that this was most likely an idiosyncratic thrombocytopenic response to lansoprazole.

[ { "ade": "thrombocytopenic", "drug": "lansoprazole" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "lansoprazole" } ]

Preliminary results suggest that the higher concentrations of dextrose induce increased histamine release from blood cells, and that this phenomenon is more marked in diabetic, and particularly diabetic-allergic, individuals.

[ { "ade": "increased histamine release", "drug": "dextrose" } ]

Acyclovir neurotoxicity: clinical experience and review of the literature.

[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "Acyclovir" } ]

Loperamide poisoning in the dog.

[ { "ade": "Loperamide poisoning", "drug": "Loperamide" } ]

Risperidone-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in two children.

[ { "ade": "obsessive-compulsive symptoms", "drug": "Risperidone" } ]

This is the first report of UFT-induced scleroderma-like reaction.

[ { "ade": "UFT-induced scleroderma-like reaction", "drug": "UFT" } ]

The authors report a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) occurring in a patient under treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) for post-traumatic petit mal epilepsy, and review the current literature of drug-induced AP.

[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "CBZ" }, { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "carbamazepine" } ]

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical course of a woman with cryptococcal meningitis and no previous cardiac disease who developed a fatal cardiac arrhythmia after an acute overdose of amphotericin B and to review its toxicity.

[ { "ade": "fatal cardiac arrhythmia", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]

Case 2: A 43-year-old male alcoholic remained completely abstinent with cyanamide treatment for 5 years and complained of general fatigue.

[ { "ade": "general fatigue", "drug": "cyanamide" } ]

Bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaw mimicking a tumour.

[ { "ade": "osteochemonecrosis of the jaw", "drug": "Bisphosphonate" } ]

Hypersensitivity reaction following chloramphenicol administration in a patient with typhoid fever.

[ { "ade": "Hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "chloramphenicol" } ]

Clinicians who manage cachectic patients, particularly those with protracted diarrhoea and/or receiving anti-malarial drugs including mefloquine, should be aware of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia.

[ { "ade": "severe hypoglycaemia", "drug": "mefloquine" } ]

Transient neurological disturbances induced by the chemotherapy of high-dose methotrexate for osteogenic sarcoma.

[ { "ade": "Transient neurological disturbances", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Trichiasis associated with prostaglandin analog use.

[ { "ade": "Trichiasis", "drug": "prostaglandin" } ]

The literature search found 12 cases of radiation recall caused by gemcitabine.

[ { "ade": "radiation recall", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]

This case report describes an adolescent with severe lupus erythematosus who received cyclophosphamide (CY) paired with taste (cod liver oil) and smell (rose perfume) as conditioned stimuli.

[ { "ade": "severe lupus erythematosus", "drug": "CY" }, { "ade": "severe lupus erythematosus", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]

A 58-year old patient is reported who developed an ischaemic cerebrovascular accident 22 hours after successful thrombolysis with streptokinase for life-threatening pulmonary emboli.

[ { "ade": "ischaemic cerebrovascular accident", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to therapy with the drug gefitinib has been well reported.

[ { "ade": "Interstitial lung disease", "drug": "gefitinib" }, { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "gefitinib" } ]

Agranulocytosis during clozapine therapy.

[ { "ade": "Agranulocytosis", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

Stroke is an infrequent but recognized complication of heroin addiction.

[ { "ade": "Stroke", "drug": "heroin" } ]

A 52-year-old Black woman on phenytoin therapy for post-traumatic epilepsy developed transient hemiparesis contralateral to the injury.

[ { "ade": "transient hemiparesis", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]

Disseminated cellulitic cryptococcosis in the setting of prednisone monotherapy for pemphigus vulgaris.

[ { "ade": "Disseminated cellulitic cryptococcosis", "drug": "prednisone" } ]

Clinicians should be vigilant when monitoring for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving pentamidine throughout the duration of therapy.

[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "pentamidine" } ]

Previous studies have demonstrated the interaction of MTX and a variety of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with various clinical manifestations including acute renal failure, pancytopenia, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated liver transaminases, jaundice, mucosal ulcerations, and pyrexia.

[ { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "pyrexia", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "vomiting", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "mucosal ulcerations", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "jaundice", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "pancytopenia", "drug": "MTX" }, { "ade": "elevated liver transaminases", "drug": "MTX" } ]

5-Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity complicating treatment of stage IIB cervical cancer--case report.

[ { "ade": "cardiotoxicity", "drug": "5-Fluorouracil" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Low dosages of quinacrine used for malaria prophylaxis can be associated with a delayed, severe maculopathy indistinguishable from chloroquine maculopathy in certain patients.

[ { "ade": "severe maculopathy", "drug": "quinacrine" }, { "ade": "maculopathy", "drug": "chloroquine" } ]

The nephrotic syndrome developed in a patient receiving therapy with gold for rheumatoid arthritis.

[ { "ade": "nephrotic syndrome", "drug": "gold" } ]

We describe the infectious toxicities experienced by the first two patients in our institution treated with dexamethasone (10 mg/m(2)/day for 4 weeks with gradual tapering) during induction according to the dexamethasone arm of BFM 2000 and review the relevant literature that suggests an increased risk of infectious complications with dexamethasone.

[ { "ade": "infectious toxicities", "drug": "dexamethasone" }, { "ade": "infectious complications", "drug": "dexamethasone" } ]

DISCUSSION: Electrolyte disorders associated with foscarnet are reviewed.

[ { "ade": "Electrolyte disorders", "drug": "foscarnet" } ]

Due to the increasing use of TMP-SMX in children, clinicians should be aware of this potentially life-threatening, immunemediated hypersensitivity reaction.

[ { "ade": "immunemediated hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "TMP-SMX" } ]

When the data of the 57 patients are evaluated, a reversible direct cytotoxic effect of ticlopidine on the pluripotent/bipotent hematopoietic progenitor stem cell is proposed.

[ { "ade": "cytotoxic effect", "drug": "ticlopidine" } ]

Two weeks following rechallenge with alendronate sodium resulted in recurrence of his scleritis.

[ { "ade": "scleritis", "drug": "alendronate sodium" } ]

Bleomycin and cyclophosphamide toxicity simulating metastatic nodules to the lungs in childhood cancer.

[ { "ade": "metastatic nodules", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" }, { "ade": "metastatic nodules", "drug": "Bleomycin" } ]

Hypoglycemia can be a serious side effect of etanercept in patients already on antidiabetic medications known to cause hypoglycemia, such as sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and insulin.

[ { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "Hypoglycemia", "drug": "etanercept" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "meglitinides" }, { "ade": "hypoglycemia", "drug": "sulfonylureas" } ]

Bortezomib-induced paralytic ileus is a potential gastrointestinal side effect of this first-in-class anticancer proteasome inhibitor.

[ { "ade": "gastrointestinal side effect", "drug": "Bortezomib" }, { "ade": "paralytic ileus", "drug": "Bortezomib" } ]

Seizures occurred in two patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were receiving long-term treatment with metrifonate, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

[ { "ade": "Seizures", "drug": "metrifonate" } ]

We strongly suspect that this lethal anuria was mainly due to ifosfamide, occurring in a patient having received previous cisplatin chemotherapy and with poor kidney perfusion due to transient hypotension.

[ { "ade": "lethal anuria", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]

Abnormal retinal function associated with isotretinoin therapy for acne.

[ { "ade": "Abnormal retinal function", "drug": "isotretinoin" } ]

Insulin-induced cardiac failure.

[ { "ade": "cardiac failure", "drug": "Insulin" } ]

A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis.

[ { "ade": "exfoliative dermatitis", "drug": "minocycline" }, { "ade": "eruption", "drug": "minocycline" } ]

Prolonged responses were achieved with low doses of HU (3-10 mg/kg/day) and higher doses were associated with mild reversible hematologic or hepatic toxicity and no further increases in Hb.

[ { "ade": "hepatic toxicity", "drug": "HU" }, { "ade": "mild reversible hematologic", "drug": "HU" } ]

An immediate hemolytic reaction induced by repeated administration of oxaliplatin.

[ { "ade": "hemolytic reaction", "drug": "oxaliplatin" } ]

CONCLUSION: Therapy with indapamide may induce diabetes in essential hypertension patients.

[ { "ade": "diabetes", "drug": "indapamide" } ]

The use of pamidronate for hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D intoxication.

[ { "ade": "vitamin D intoxication", "drug": "vitamin D" } ]

DISCUSSION: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity has been described with ifosfamide, with most cases reported in the pediatric population.

[ { "ade": "Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity", "drug": "ifosfamide" } ]

We report a case of hepatolithiasis (intrahepatic stone) complicated by gram-negative sepsis in a 37 year old male with acromegaly being treated with octreotide.

[ { "ade": "hepatolithiasis", "drug": "octreotide" } ]

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that may increase the risk of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis.

[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "Erythromycin" }, { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "lovastatin" } ]

We report a case of papillary necrosis in a patient treated with indinavir.

[ { "ade": "papillary necrosis", "drug": "indinavir" } ]

Salicylate intoxication was excluded, and theophylline was finally incriminated.

[ { "ade": "intoxication", "drug": "theophylline" } ]

The patient suffered a life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine.

[ { "ade": "life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction", "drug": "amifostine" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Cicatrization in the substantia propria of the conjunctiva by excessive lymphocytic infiltration after topically administered antiglaucoma drugs including dipivefrin is a possible mechanism of action for entropion.

[ { "ade": "entropion", "drug": "dipivefrin" } ]

Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating long-term mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil therapy for gastric carcinoma.

[ { "ade": "Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome", "drug": "mitomycin C" }, { "ade": "Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

We report two cases of tenofovir (TDF)-associated nephrotoxicity in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.

[ { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "TDF" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "tenofovir" } ]

Symptoms and signs of augmentation were related to low plasma levodopa levels, abating 75 minutes after oral levodopa administration and reappearing after 3 hours, closely mirroring the rapid rise and fall of plasma levodopa concentration.

[ { "ade": "augmentation", "drug": "levodopa" } ]

After discontinuing captopril and starting systemic steroids, her symptomatology rapidly improved, and her eosinophilia and radiographic abnormalities both resolved.

[ { "ade": "radiographic abnormalities", "drug": "captopril" }, { "ade": "eosinophilia", "drug": "captopril" } ]

Physicians should be aware that PLP can occur after initiation of paclitaxel.

[ { "ade": "PLP", "drug": "paclitaxel" } ]

The clinical findings and laboratory studies suggested an autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by phenobarbital.

[ { "ade": "autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity", "drug": "phenobarbital" } ]

NMS is a drug-related response to various medications, such as Haloperidol, which the patient was receiving.

[ { "ade": "NMS", "drug": "Haloperidol" } ]

Myotonia associated with sarcoidosis: marked exacerbation with pravastatin.

[ { "ade": "Myotonia", "drug": "pravastatin" } ]

We describe the first case of de novo asthma following treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril.

[ { "ade": "asthma", "drug": "captopril" } ]

A 7-year-old girl developed diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after 3.5 years of almost continuous treatment with azathioprine and/or prednisone for idiopathic auto-immune haemolytic anaemia.

[ { "ade": "diabetes mellitus", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "diabetes mellitus", "drug": "azathioprine" }, { "ade": "exocrine pancreatic insufficiency", "drug": "prednisone" }, { "ade": "exocrine pancreatic insufficiency", "drug": "azathioprine" } ]

Clinicians should be aware that an erythematous and exfoliative rash may be induced by temozolomide, and be familiar with the pharmacologic and supportive measures necessary for its treatment.

[ { "ade": "exfoliative rash", "drug": "temozolomide" } ]

According to the Naranjo probability scale, the papular eruption was probably caused by methotrexate.

[ { "ade": "papular eruption", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Colonic mucosal necrosis following administration of calcium polystryrene sulfonate (Kalimate) in a uremic patient.

[ { "ade": "Colonic mucosal necrosis", "drug": "calcium polystryrene sulfonate" }, { "ade": "Colonic mucosal necrosis", "drug": "Kalimate" } ]

After cessation of amantadine, the edema resolved, and the endothelial cell densities were <or=600/mm.

[ { "ade": "edema", "drug": "amantadine" } ]

An unusual case of Ecstasy poisoning.

[ { "ade": "Ecstasy poisoning", "drug": "Ecstasy" } ]

Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus secondary to lithium therapy and was treated successfully with amiloride.

[ { "ade": "diabetes insipidus", "drug": "lithium" } ]

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: a pharmacogenetic defect causing severe adverse reactions to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.

[ { "ade": "severe adverse reactions", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" } ]

Hepatobiliary disorders associated with orally administered terbinafine have rarely been reported.

[ { "ade": "Hepatobiliary disorders", "drug": "terbinafine" } ]

Proconvulsive tendency of imipenem/cilastatin is one of its well-known side effects.

[ { "ade": "Proconvulsive", "drug": "imipenem" }, { "ade": "Proconvulsive", "drug": "cilastatin" } ]

An infant who developed pancreatitis during meglumine antimoniate treatment for visceral leishmaniasis and who was successfully treated with a combination of allopurinol and ketoconazole is reported.

[ { "ade": "pancreatitis", "drug": "meglumine antimoniate" } ]

L-asparaginase-provoked seizures as singular expression of central nervous toxicity.

[ { "ade": "seizures", "drug": "L-asparaginase" }, { "ade": "central nervous toxicity", "drug": "L-asparaginase" } ]

Systemic vasculitis complicating hairy cell leukaemia treatment with cladribine.

[ { "ade": "Systemic vasculitis", "drug": "cladribine" } ]

Presented is a case story of a woman with classical rheumatoid arthritis, who during introduction of sulphasalazine (SASP) therapy developed a severe and lasting psoriasis-like skin reaction.

[ { "ade": "psoriasis-like skin reaction", "drug": "sulphasalazine" }, { "ade": "psoriasis-like skin reaction", "drug": "SASP" } ]

Adrenaline dacryolith: detection by ultrasound examination of the nasolacrimal duct.

[ { "ade": "dacryolith", "drug": "Adrenaline" } ]