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Geographical location and geopolitical situation of the V4 countries | Károly Kocsis|Dávid Karácsonyi | 2,022 | Summary. In this paper we provide a regional geographic analysis of the Visegrad Group, V4 as distinguished geographical unit on map Central Europe. The roots which was founded 15 February 1991, can be traced to Middle Ages. However, Soviet rule and resistance against it, other most recent mutual interests, such EU accession in 2004 V4’s attitude towards EU’s refugee crisis 2015 – rather than meeting kings held more 650 years ago constitute foundation shared historical consciousness solidarity between Hungarian, Polish, Czech Slovak peoples. main question is whether how viewed geographically an organic integrated region based its natural social attributes development. We are using both concept traditional new (reorganised) geography insights into that question. Összefoglalás. A jelen dolgozat Visegrádi Négyeket, mint önálló földrajzi régiót igyekszik megközelíteni, és arra keresi választ, hogy hagyományos, illetve az ún. új regionális földrajz szemléletét ötvözve mennyiben kezelhetők V4-ek egységként. Míg hagyományos régiókra statikus egységként tekintett, azok szisztematikus leírására, térbeli összefüggések bemutatására törekedett, addig régióra térben időben dinamikus tekint, alapvetően régió-formálódás feltételeit, körülményeit vizsgálja. Az 1991. február 15-én visegrádi találkozó során életre hívott együttműködés gyökerei középkorig, egészen pontosan 1335-ös királytalálkozóig nyúlnak vissza. 1991-ben újra nemcsak re-integráció első formáját jelentette széthulló KGST varsói szerződés nyomán kialakult közép-európai hatalmi űrben, de elmúlt három évtizedben legjelentősebb, legszorosabb politikai kooperációvá nőtte ki magát, aminek eredményeként 2004-ben régió országai egyszerre váltak Európai Unió tagjaivá. világháború előtt Habsburg porosz érdekszférába tartozó régió, amelynek két között még egymással rivalizáltak, először 1945 után került azonos politikai-katonai tömbbe keleti blokk, Varsói Szerződés Szovjetunió által meghatározott keretein belül. Paradox módon épp e diktált szovjet típusú társadalmi-gazdasági berendezkedéssel szembeni ellenállás volt az, ami országot, azaz ezekben működő korabeli ellenzékieket (Charta 77, Szolidaritás stb.) egységbe kovácsolta 1980-as évek végére. Ezek, 1990-es elején hatalomra kerülő, egymáshoz szellemiségben közelálló elitek voltak azok, amelyek végül együttműködési megállapodást aláírták. Mindezek alkotják közös történelmi tudat lengyel, magyar, cseh szlovák nép közötti kölcsönös szolidaritás alapjait, sokkal inkább, mintsem bő évvel korábbi királytalálkozó. országok kohézió azonban gyenge. Ennek legfőbb okai érdekellentétek történelmi-etnikai különbözőség, abból fakad, belső határvonalai ellentétben 20. század létrejött külső határokkal évszázados stabilitást mutatnak. főbb hegyvonulatok (a Kárpátok Szudéták) évszázadok óta etnikai-kulturális választóvonalként működtek. Emellett másik fontos elemét ott élő emberek identitása, szolidaritása adja, ám csak szlovák, magyar lengyel viszonylatban erős, V4-től függetlenül létezik. Hosszú távon fő kérdés, túl tudnak-e jutni ezen ellentéteiken aktuális érdekeken túlmenően is, alakítani olyan stratégiai partnerséget, amely már ma létezik Magyarország Lengyelország, Csehország Szlovákia között? | article | Scientia et securitas|Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |
Laura E. Cochrane. Review of "The Cross, the Gospels, and the Work of Art in the Carolingian Age" by Beatrice E. Kitzinger. | Laura Lynn Cochrane | 2,022 | null | article | CAA.reviews |
« Compte rendu de : Rutger Kramer, Helmut Reimitz, Graeme Ward (dir.), Historiography and Identity. Vol. 3 : Carolingian Approaches, Turnhout (Brepols) 2021, VIII–396 p. (Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, 29) », Francia-Recensio 2022/1, Mittelalter – Moyen Âge 500–1500. | Julien Bellarbre | 2,022 | null | article | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
Mystery | Daniel P. Abrams|Heinrich Aßel|Marc Bregman|Stephen R. Burge|Michael D. Cameron|George D. Chryssides|Curtis Gruenler|Ephraim Kanarfogel|Marcia Kupfer|Esteban Miranda|Michael Patella|Nils Holger Petersen|Tyson Putthoff|Tyson Putthoff|Tyson Putthoff|David Mevorach Seidenberg|Anthony Swindell|Herman Tull | 2,022 | null | dataset | Encyclopedia of the Bible Online |
Peasants and Polyptyques in the Ninth Century: The Peasant Hermod | Constance B. Bouchard | 2,022 | Eileen Power’s peasant Bodo has influenced our vision of medieval peasants for close to a century. Her image busy agricultural worker and his family serving on great ninth-century estate, drawn from variety different sources in addition the polyptyque St.-Germain-des-Prés which he briefly appears, become standard textbooks popular accounts. In spite laudable effort give an account lower-status person whom modern reader could relate, we know far less about or contemporaries than she suggests. The difficulties learning life supposedly typical are illustrated by Hermod, who appears Montier-en-Der. polyptyques, very few number all using criteria enumerate property income, provide dizzying array obligations: some owed rent but not labor, set amounts both seem have been expected labor at any times. tenants themselves had wide status, servile free. These people were surrounded others no direct evidence, there indications that many them must free-holders, owing rents dues anyone, indeed perhaps providing hired manor. Twelfth-century hesitancy copy polyptyques into cartularies suggests status obligations thoroughly changed centuries after making even high they those Carolingian era. | article | Medieval People |
Traces of the early Slavs in the region of Mostar | Ante Milošević | 2,022 | The author of this article recently published in the Godišnjak a short discussion, which provided chronological and contextual reinterpretation stone fragment with human face from collection Franciscan Monastery St. Anthony Padua on Humac Ljubuški (Hercegovina). It was argued that represents part an image (idol) originally depicting early medieval old Slavic gods, most likely Veles or Perun. also discussed earlier information archaeological material region Ljubuški, further suggests presence mythology beliefs Herzegovina. On occassion, when we celebrate 50th volume one respected influential journals field Bosnia Herzegovina, enquiry will focus neighbouring area Mostar, where is possible to find evidence can be connected period Slav settlement its aftermath. | article | Godišnjak |
O porijeklu zemljišne razdiobe sela Gornji Rujani (Retrogradna i metrološka analiza austro-ugarskog katastra) | Marko Rimac | 2,022 | This article is written on the basis of a reverse analysis Austro-Hungarian land survey for cadastral community Rujani in Livanjsko polje from 1883. The size cultivable hands individual owners and tenants determined maps parcel registers. According to location parcels that compose such (aga’s) shares (serf) possessions cohesive ownership-possession complexes are derived. Such compared with hypothesis village Gornji has preserved division early Ottoman pre-Ottoman, even medieval, period. divisions, Gewannflur (i. e. Common field) Langstreifenflur type Rujani, met areas Europe influenced by Carolingian post-Carolingian colonization. It concluded based social-economic development medieval Croatia when villages comprised calibrated villain or serf crofts (ždrijeb Croatian) emerge after collapse manorial system. They mostly well known sources area Zadar Šibenik sized 30 32 gonjajs i.e. Croatian Slavic gonjaj) results metrological point possibility rules were widespread possibly matching spatial coverage engulfed expansion. | article | Godišnjak |
Shrine and Idol Destruction in Three Carolingian Hagiographic Texts | David P. Appleby | 2,022 | Examination of shrine and idol destruction stories included in three hagiographic texts rewritten by élite Carolingian authors shows that this thematic element may illuminate the concerns horizon expectation revisers. Destruction episodes contributed to eponymous heroes shaped heritage identity monastic communities, even seemed worth projecting into ancient Christian past. In absence uniform disciplinary doctrinal guidance regarding relics, unholy matter also have delineated boundary separating legitimate from illegitimate devotional objects practices. | article | The Journal of Ecclesiastical History |
Jumol-Julia Edéry’s Wedding in Early 20th Century Morocco | Judith G. Cohen | 2,022 | The Association for Canadian Jewish Studies encourages research on the experience through disciplines of political science, sociology, economics, geography, history, demography, education, religion, linguistics, literature, architecture, performing and fine arts, among others. | article | Canadian Jewish studies |
The Political Dimension of Liturgical Prayers of Remembrance: Lists of Rulers in the Confraternity Books of the Carolingian Period | Eva-Maria Butz | 2,022 | The confraternity books (Libri vitae) of the Early Middle Ages record names individuals to be remembered in liturgical prayer. Since middle 20th century, they have come more sharply into focus as historical source material. records rulers were particular interest even then. In order understand lists Liber Vitae, first subject study is development prayers remembrance for living and dead, subsequent emergence shaping commemoration ruler from late antiquity Carolingian period. These diverse developments merge with those Memoria books, indicating that monasteries, particular, important keepers monarchical Memoria. Taking examples Salzburg Vitae (783) Reichenau Confraternity Book (824), steps methods are followed through interpreted their context. two prove a legitimisation sovereignty, particularly terms substantiating it historically securing liturgically. regional perspective each monastic community plays major role here. Complex reference interpretative systems exposed whose orderliness, structure prayer also served counterbalance disorder crisis prevalent world. | article | Religions |
Carolingian Conceptions of the Trinity | null | 2,022 | null | other | null |
Writing the Military History of Pre-Crusade Europe: Studies in Sources and Source Criticism, by David S. Bachrach and Bernard S. Bachrach | Dušan Zupka | 2,022 | Anyone interested in medieval warfare will be very well acquainted with the works of Bernard S. Bachrach and David Bachrach. This unique father-and-son team has published dozens articles, book chapters several influential monographs on military history past decades. The present volume brings together fourteen carefully selected contributions within Routledge Variorum Collected Studies series. All articles were revised amended, authors have added bibliographic references reflecting recent publications. gathered written individually or by both are divided into two uneven sections. Part One, entitled ‘Narrative Works’ includes ten essays focused problems inherent historical epistemology, a particular emphasis how scholars can understand use source materials for writing history. For this purpose, they examine well-known historians from period between sixth early twelfth centuries. These include Gregory Tours (6th cent.), Nithrad (9th Widukind Corvey (10th Thietmar Merseburg (11th cent.) Ralph Caen (12th cent.). reader is also introduced to discussion about supposed ʻSaxon revolutionʼ tenth century, connected Salian period. rulers Germany attracted much less attention than other periods places pre-crusade Europe (Carolingian, Ottonian, Anglo-Saxon), despite enormous available. Other eleventh-century writers Ademar Chabannes, Dudo Saint Quentin Bruno role historians. | article | The English Historical Review |
Warfare and Violence | Matthew Strickland | 2,022 | Introducing the volume’s fourth and final thematic strand (Cultural Perspectives), this chapter offers a study of warfare violence in age William Conqueror. Following general introduction, it scrutinises justifications William’s wars history hostilities their limitations Normandy. This is followed by discussion rebellion against ducal royal rule contextualised within contemporary cultures northern France. The concludes with studies castles, conquests, conduct Anglo-Norman world eleventh century. | chapter | Cambridge University Press eBooks|Enlighten: Publications (The University of Glasgow) |
Asal-Usul Pemikiran tentang Sekularisme di Abad Pertengahan | Martin Suryajaya | 2,022 | Artikel ini melacak asal-usul wacana sekularisme dalam filsafat politik Abad Pertengahan, khususnya pemikiran Dante Alighieri, Marsilius Padua dan William Ockham. Pertanyaan pokok yang membimbing kajian adalah: sejauh mana benih mengenai sudah muncul pada masa Pertengahan? Metode digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut adalah telaah filosofis atas konflik antara kuasa temporal spiritual menjadi konteks perdebatan kedudukan penguasa sekuler hubungannya dengan otoritas keagamaan tertinggi. Dengan memeriksa respons terhadap kekuasaan mutlak gereja, terlihat adanya sejumlah alternatif berbeda salah satunya sekularisme. Melalui penelusuran itu ditemukan bahwa sekalipun terdapat benih-benih Ockham, ia tetap mengandaikan paradigma religius tentang dunia mengasalkan sumber pembagian kewenangan Tuhan, sedangkan justru mengklaim dikandung sekuler. Pemisahan gereja dari negara masih dilakukan pengandaian penyelenggaraan ilahi di dunia. Pengandaian inilah membedakannya modern. | article | Jurnal Filsafat - Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada |
Liberty Against Itself: British Freedoms in North America | Matthew Charles Connell | 2,022 | My dissertation explores the theoretical foundations of what I refer to as Canadian liberal ethos. Taking British parliamentary revolution 1688 pivotal event examine development political liberty in its English incarnations and trace it was expressed colonial North America. This hopes provide an explanatory analysis ethos that can: (a) contribute understanding pre-suppositions a democratic order, (b) diversity competing philosophical principles informed settlement America institutionalization and, (c) consider role 1688-89 had on thought exercise power contributes growing literature examines it. By approaching topic from perspective hope currents emerged 17th century Britain can be understood they were applied colonization | dissertation | LSU Digital Commons (Louisiana State University) |
The Venice Four Chanson de Roland: Transformations and the Artifice of Franco-Venetian | Thomas M. Martin | 2,022 | Of the seven medieval variants of Chanson de Roland, fourteenth century Venice Four Roland (V4) is most narratively and linguistically divergent version Old French Carolingian epic. It contains an interpolated episode that not found in any other variant – la Prise Narbonne. Moreover, it incorporates genres traditionally associated with chanson geste, such as roman arthurien farce. Most notably, 6011 verse composed a literary language alternately known Franco-Italian, Franco-Lombard, or Franco-Venetian. The purpose this research to: a) provide findings original situ examination manuscript at Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana Venice, Italy; b) further our knowledge origins its potential value to patrician Gonzaga family Mantua who likely commissioned it; c) elucidate deliberate narrative genre transformations made Oxford variant, which resulted novel iteration geste; d) status quaestionis concerning nature Franco-Venetian language; e) demonstrate despite long-held scholarly pronouncements, enigmatic simply hybrid language, rather, artificial intentionally hermetic yet decipherable. | dissertation | null |
Sexual Profanity and Interpersonal Judgement. | Robert O'neil | 2,022 | One of the cultural changes noted in American society last fifty years has been a noticeable increase public use sexual profanity, particularly by women. Many commentators attribute this change to revolution nineteen-sixties and seventies, as well increasing emancipation women from traditional gender roles. This dissertation examines ideological foundations that have shaped both western attitudes nature modern question whether these are indicative greater equity. Using dramaturgical approach identity, an alternative interpretation is presented defines reaffirmation devaluation The following presentation weaves together threads language gender, symbolism its relationship norms, our concepts deviance. implications for identity behavior, how changed together, provide insights on relations challenge existing literature equates widespread profanity indicator status society. To test degree which values regarding gender-appropriate behavior still exist society, empirical analysis undergraduate students' reactions users presented. Written vignettes were used assess student ratings items interpersonal judgement involving measures perceived sociability, potency, activity, attractiveness. Manipulations included presence or absence actors, blue collar white workplace settings. MANOVA results found significant differences respondents' depending actor was male female, swore. There also between provided respondents female respondents. indicated not only considered deviant, but attached swearing differs significantly men If there connection with argued below, then conclusions warranted indicate women's gains can be very uneven at best. | dissertation | null |
Louisiana Survey Systems: Their Antecedents, Distribution, and Characteristics. | John E. Hall | 2,022 | null | dissertation | null |
The Carolingian Reception of the Ashburnham Pentateuch | null | 2,022 | null | other | null |
Christian Heroism and Holy War in Anglo-Saxon England. | Kent Gregory Hare | 2,022 | This dissertation examines the character and development of a Christian heroic ideal in Anglo-Saxon England between seventh eleventh centuries its manifestation through notions holy war. It provides valuable case study ongoing synthesis which occurred when Germanic peoples converted to Christianity. The mutual transformation wrought traditional warrior ethos faith values permeates literary sources for history, from early hagiographies Bede's Ecclesiastical History, later histories chronicles, unique corpus Old English poetry. As as first generation Christianization, combined both with an ascetic tradition within Christianity stressed spiritual warfare martial necessities confronting society violent world Middle Ages. Viking onslaughts ninth tenth centuries, portrayed religious terms by contemporaries conflict Christians pagans, served crystallize ideas heroism expressed Whereas previously these had centered around kings, innovations kingship during same period effect broadening ranks warriors include non-royal figures. evidence shows that distinctly cast usually associated age crusading fourteenth was beginning, century, fundamental conception their new faith. | dissertation | null |
THE CAROLINGIAN RECEPTION OF THE ASHBURNHAM PENTATEUCH | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | null |
CAROLINGIAN CONCEPTIONS OF THE TRINITY | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | null |
The King and His People in the Discourse of the Ancien Capitaine. | Jerry A Micelle | 2,022 | The linkage between king and people in the discourse of ancien capitaine is based on dual roles captain as an intermediary representing to a royal officer commissioned by exercise sovereignty. Maritime captains, Indian chiefs, French missionaries participated that advanced nurtured village leader post captains links France New France, old world his new. Tracing development diplomatic language observing Canadian they extended dominion into Mississippi Valley, shows chain linking was strained gap developed interests king's service welfare colony itself. city Natchitoches planted Louis Juchereau de Saint Denis border two empires became nucleus viable frontier community. economic failure Company West created new opportunities for those who were ready learn apply techniques capitaine, demonstrating their ability control vast territory with handful soldiers, attempted bridge interest survival colony. use words force forged strong link tied people--families, tribes, traders--of captain's kingdom, confederacy, or federal republic which best able defend protect supply needs. presented himself agent could bring benefits protection material prosperity accepted him spokesman. effective commandant commanded loyalty fictive kinship groups surrounding post. key Spanish enlistment king. | dissertation | null |
CAROLINGIAN IMAGE THEORY | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | null |
Cross-codex Learning for Reliable Large Scale Scribe Identification in Medieval Manuscripts | Julius Weißmann|Markus Seidl|Anya Dietrich|Martin Haltrich | 2,022 | Abstract Historic scribe identification is a substantial task for obtaining information about the past. Uni-form script styles, such as Carolingian minuscule, make it difficult classification to focuse on meaningful features. Therefore, we demonstrate in this paper importance of cross-codex training data CNN based text-independent off-line identification, overcome codex dependent overfitting. We report three main findings: First, found that preprocessing with masked grayscale images instead RGB increased F1-score results drastically. Second, trained different neural networks our complex data, validating time and accuracy differences order define most reliable net-work architecture. With AlexNet, network best trade-off between time, achieved individual classes F1-scores up 0,96 line level 1.0 page classification. Third, could replicate finding output can be further improved by implementing reject option, giving more stable results. present large scale open source dataset – Codex Claustroneoburgensis database (CCl-DB) containing significant number writings from scribes several codices. first variety codices paleographic decisions reproduced automatically precisely CNNs. This gives manifold new fast possibilities paleographers gain insights into unlabeled material, but also develop hypotheses. | article | Research Square (Research Square) |
Weeds and the Carolingians | Paolo Squatriti | 2,022 | Why did weeds matter in the Carolingian empire? What was their special significance for writers eighth- and ninth-century Europe how this connected with growth of real weeds? In early medieval Europe, unwanted plants that persistently appeared among crops created extra work, reduced productivity, challenged theologians who believed God had made all vegetation good. For first time, book emerge as protagonists European history, driving human farming strategies coloring people's imagination. Early Europeans' effort to create agroecosystems satisfied needs cosmologies confirmed Christian accounts vegetable creation both come terms unruly plants. Using diverse kinds texts, fresh archaeobotanical data, even mosaics, interdisciplinary study reveals Europeans interacted environments. | book | null |
null | null | 2,022 | null | paratext | Culture and Cosmos |
Chapter 2 Winds and Continents: Concepts for Structuring the World and Its Parts | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Brud og udviklinger i 900-tallets østfrankiske historieskrivning. Videnstransfer fra øst til vest? Et komparativt studie af herskerkonstruktion i byzantinsk og østfrankisk historieskrivning ca. 950-970 | Sigga Engsbro | 2,022 | Forfattere i 900-tallets frankiske Europa levede en turbulent tid, hvor magtkonstellationerne undergik markant forandring. Det langvarige karolingiske overherredømme var under afvikling, og efterhånden etablerede et nyt ottonsk dynasti sig som toneangivende de riger. Med den østfrankiske hersker Otto I’s sejr over hedenske ungarer ved Lechfeld 955 fik ottonerne momentum. Og med samme Ottos erhvervelse af kejsertitlen 962 æra endegyldigt til ende. Netop succesrige rige blomstrede historieskrivningen op efter 50-årigt fravær. Inden for relativt kort periode (ca. 958-970) blev der skrevet fem historiske narrativer om herskeren eller rigets historie. Heri fremstår hans far Henrik I forbilledlige uomtvisteligt legitime herskere. denne afhandling udforsker jeg mulige årsager brud udviklinger historieskrivning særligt fokus på herskerrepræsentation. Her undersøger afsæt komparation byzantinske historieskrivning, hvorvidt byzantinsk forfatterpraksis tjente forbillede forfattere. | dissertation | VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) |
Reply on RC2 | Helen M. M. Mackay | 2,022 | <strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The 852/3âCE eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska, was one the largest first-millennium volcanic events, with a magnitude 6.7 (VEI 6) and tephra volume 39.4â61.9âkm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> (95â% confidence). spatial extent ash fallout from this event is considerable cryptotephra (White River Ash east; WRAe) extends as far Finland Poland. Proximal ecosystem societal disturbances have been linked eruption; however, wider impacts on climate society are unknown. Greenland ice core records show that occurred in winter 852/3â<span class="inline-formula">±</span>â1âCE associated relatively moderate sulfate aerosol loading but large abundances chlorine. Here we assess potential broader impact using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, historical model simulations. We also use fortuitous timing Churchill its extensively widespread deposition White (east) (WRAe) to examine climatic expression warm Medieval Climate Anomaly period (MCA; ca. 950â1250âCE) precisely peatlands North Atlantic region. reconstructed forcing compared magnitude, tree-ring-inferred temperatures report significant atmospheric cooling 0.8â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C summer 853âCE. Modelled scenarios 853âCE, although average smaller (0.3â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C). simulated patterns generally similar those generated temperature reconstructions. Tree-ring-inferred begins prior date suggesting natural internal variability may increased system's susceptibility further cooling. could suggest be underestimated, thereby highlighting need for greater insight into, consideration of, role halogens when estimating potential. Precise comparisons across America Europe, facilitated by presence WRAe isochron, reveal no consistent MCA signal. These findings contribute growing body evidence characterises hydroclimate time-transgressive heterogeneous rather than well-defined period. isochron demonstrates long-term (multidecadal) or were identified beyond areas proximal eruption. Historical Europe subsistence crises demonstrate degree temporal correspondence interannual timescales, events reported outside common 9th century. exemplifies difficulties identifying confirming single eruption, even has small age uncertainty. | peer-review | null |
Reply on CC1 | Helen M. M. Mackay | 2,022 | <strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The 852/3âCE eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska, was one the largest first-millennium volcanic events, with a magnitude 6.7 (VEI 6) and tephra volume 39.4â61.9âkm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> (95â% confidence). spatial extent ash fallout from this event is considerable cryptotephra (White River Ash east; WRAe) extends as far Finland Poland. Proximal ecosystem societal disturbances have been linked eruption; however, wider impacts on climate society are unknown. Greenland ice core records show that occurred in winter 852/3â<span class="inline-formula">±</span>â1âCE associated relatively moderate sulfate aerosol loading but large abundances chlorine. Here we assess potential broader impact using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, historical model simulations. We also use fortuitous timing Churchill its extensively widespread deposition White (east) (WRAe) to examine climatic expression warm Medieval Climate Anomaly period (MCA; ca. 950â1250âCE) precisely peatlands North Atlantic region. reconstructed forcing compared magnitude, tree-ring-inferred temperatures report significant atmospheric cooling 0.8â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C summer 853âCE. Modelled scenarios 853âCE, although average smaller (0.3â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C). simulated patterns generally similar those generated temperature reconstructions. Tree-ring-inferred begins prior date suggesting natural internal variability may increased system's susceptibility further cooling. could suggest be underestimated, thereby highlighting need for greater insight into, consideration of, role halogens when estimating potential. Precise comparisons across America Europe, facilitated by presence WRAe isochron, reveal no consistent MCA signal. These findings contribute growing body evidence characterises hydroclimate time-transgressive heterogeneous rather than well-defined period. isochron demonstrates long-term (multidecadal) or were identified beyond areas proximal eruption. Historical Europe subsistence crises demonstrate degree temporal correspondence interannual timescales, events reported outside common 9th century. exemplifies difficulties identifying confirming single eruption, even has small age uncertainty. | peer-review | null |
Imperial Historicism: An Example of Scientific Justification of Foreign Policy and Warfare in the 19–20th Centuries in Hungary | Mihály Boda | 2,022 | The 19th century saw the modern development of nation states and early human sciences. These progresses linked up with ideologies nation-building. Some European having long history imperial traditions applied study their own to support national political purposes. new ideology was historicism used for purposes, historicism. With help historicism, thinkers statesmen identifying themselves community historical forms attempted build or uphold empire. Hungary, at least some Hungarian statesmen, one those which define foreign policy internal Examining thinking 19th-century Hungary can find several self-identification. This paper presents its forms. | article | Academic and applied research in military and public management science|Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |
Une hypothèse sur l’identité du ‘Constantinopolitanus episcopus’ dans ‘Epistola de duplici solis eclipsi anno 810’ de Dungalus / A hypothesis on the identity of the ‘Constantinopolitanus episcopus’ in Dungalus ‘Epistola de duplici solis eclipsi anno 810’ | Florin Crîșmăreanu | 2,022 | null | article | Anastasis |
Kramolín hillfort revisited. Archaeological potential of a site flooded for 45 years | Jaroslav Bartík|Petr Škrdla|Rudolf Procházka|Matěj Kmošek|Klára Augustinová|Petr Žákovský | 2,022 | The temporary lowering of the water level in Dalešice Reservoir for maintenance autumn 2021 created an opportunity to conduct archaeological investigation Kramolín hillfort – a site permanently flooded since 1970s. A small group archaeologists reached shore island by boat and performed survey with metal detectors GPS hand held devices. This produced large collection lithic artefacts, pottery sherds, isolated artefacts from different prehistoric periods (including Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Roman period Early Middle Ages), which had already been identified during previous excavations. However, although was illegally surveyed earlier, several important were still found. In addition, current state overlying sediment its erosion documented. showed that is not yet exhausted repeated case lowered can again provide more information about this site. | article | Přehled výzkumů |
null | null | 2,022 | null | paratext | Anastasis |
Rutger Kramer / Helmut Reimitz / Graeme Ward (Eds.), Historiography and Identity III. Carolingian Approaches. (Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Vol. 29.) Turnhout, Brepols 2021 | Christian Schöll | 2,022 | Article Rutger Kramer / Helmut Reimitz Graeme Ward (Eds.), Historiography and Identity III. Carolingian Approaches. (Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity the Middle Ages, Vol. 29.) Turnhout, Brepols 2021 was published on June 1, 2022 journal Historische Zeitschrift (volume 314, issue 3). | article | Historische Zeitschrift |
The Use of Pragmatic Documents in Medieval Wallachia and Moldavia. Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century | Mihai-D. Grigore | 2,022 | In this book, Mariana Goina provides a solid study of “pragmatic writing” and its documentation in the Danube Principalities Wallachia Moldavia between fourteenth sixteenth centuries. This is well-crafted useful overview on charters, letters, diplomas, certificates inheritance, so forth. The author defines term pragmatic documents with quote from Richard Britnell page 2 as “a means by which almost any type authority could be better safeguarded” formulates goal book: to fill gap Romanian international historiography Principalities, has mostly not provided an in-depth discussion use literacy literature—although there no politics or administration possible without them. Showing 4 that “the types surviving early Wallachian Moldavian are similar those Carolingian Europe, Anglo-Saxon England Medieval Scandinavia,” contributes decisively de-exoticizing proves them “normal” part Europe other.The sound analysis literary history, diplomacy, cultural history literacy. adjacent fields, it satisfactory, but little bit schematic characterized blanket statements. For example, 16, creation Metropolis noted having taken place under reign voivode Alexander Great (1400–1432), contested extended valid studies assess foundation metropolitan see, was already lord Petru Mușat 1386. problem I see here inflexible affirmation “late” organization “bishopric” (which metropolis at least arch-bishopric); is, would accurate for church consider mention whole trend historiography, well defended arguments, showing hypothesis might true nuanced. strong impetus show how pervasively Latin faith culture were spread until middle fifteenth century supported, lack contrary arguments really huge research scholarship, plainly becomes ideology.This, however, trifle should overshadow merits Goina’s consistent monograph, first all, very structured. After short Preface followed lists figures, tables, abbreviations, (bit rudimentary thus somewhat nonrelevant) map Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia, book starts usual Introduction, accompanied historical introduction political administration, social rest two parts, Part One shaped “A Survey Sources” Two consisting detailed “Use Dissemination Pragmatic Documents.” ends Conclusions; Appendix, lords centuries; bibliography; (too-short less helpful) index.The good source evidence, complemented valuable insights into their goals, style, layout, material, agency, preservation, explanation conditions (e.g., education origins scribes) also comes play well. Good exposition transfer epistolary diplomatic style West Orthodox East one great qualities visibly concerned accentuation processes integration, entanglement, communication different areas premodern modern Europe. Another aspect strongly appreciate translations (originally Latin, Slavonic, even Old Romanian) English, form break language barriers again de-exoticize topic.Another contribution extensive weakens stereotypes. Goina, impressively, shows Slavonic necessarily exclusively chancellery general opinion among scholars (p. 90). instance, predominantly used and, nota bene, German correspondence centuries.The highly technical implies book—due accuracy completeness—is hermetic “dry” larger public outside academia perhaps unappealing, personal possibly contradicted future developments. disappointed because my expectations raised preface when she said undertaking animated her thoughts, “ended up asking [herself] literate princes boyars have been” fourteenth, fifteenth, question, unfortunately, remains unanswered, although been most informative stimulating thread follow elaborate.To conclude, we well-structured monograph reference work Moldavia. think, fact, hard offer something new analysis, regarding fact other documents—or many—remaining undiscovered capable informing substantially modifying results analysis. discussed categories, contextualized, inventoried, statistically recorded; key formulations translated; aspects depth, much left others do. sense, referential unmissable specialists written culture, administrative documents, law administration. It must missing bookshelf historian! | article | Hiperboreea |
»Die mittelalterliche Architektur ist nun einmal durchaus international«: Anmerkungen zu Ingo Herklotz, <i>Richard Krautheimer in Deutschland: Aus den Anfängen einer wissenschaftlichen Karriere 1925–1933</i> | Peter Seiler | 2,022 | Abstract In Richard Krautheimer in Deutschland , Ingo Herklotz explores the beginnings of Krautheimer’s academic career. Based on a wealth previously unpublished sources, he argues that groundbreaking essays “The Carolingian Revival Early Christian Architecture” and “Introduction to an ‘Iconography Medieval Architecture’” reach back his early days Weimar Germany. also contends young scholar’s writings show one-sided orientation toward methodological concepts autonomous history style striving for “German national identity”. However, neither contention seems plausible. As can be demonstrated, had already taken vigorously European view medieval architecture dissertation mendicant orders Germany book synagogues, indeed realised potential cultural-historical context analyses on. | article | Zeitschrift Fur Kunstgeschichte |
Reply on RC1 | Helen M. M. Mackay | 2,022 | <strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The 852/3âCE eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska, was one the largest first-millennium volcanic events, with a magnitude 6.7 (VEI 6) and tephra volume 39.4â61.9âkm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> (95â% confidence). spatial extent ash fallout from this event is considerable cryptotephra (White River Ash east; WRAe) extends as far Finland Poland. Proximal ecosystem societal disturbances have been linked eruption; however, wider impacts on climate society are unknown. Greenland ice core records show that occurred in winter 852/3â<span class="inline-formula">±</span>â1âCE associated relatively moderate sulfate aerosol loading but large abundances chlorine. Here we assess potential broader impact using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, historical model simulations. We also use fortuitous timing Churchill its extensively widespread deposition White (east) (WRAe) to examine climatic expression warm Medieval Climate Anomaly period (MCA; ca. 950â1250âCE) precisely peatlands North Atlantic region. reconstructed forcing compared magnitude, tree-ring-inferred temperatures report significant atmospheric cooling 0.8â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C summer 853âCE. Modelled scenarios 853âCE, although average smaller (0.3â<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>C). simulated patterns generally similar those generated temperature reconstructions. Tree-ring-inferred begins prior date suggesting natural internal variability may increased system's susceptibility further cooling. could suggest be underestimated, thereby highlighting need for greater insight into, consideration of, role halogens when estimating potential. Precise comparisons across America Europe, facilitated by presence WRAe isochron, reveal no consistent MCA signal. These findings contribute growing body evidence characterises hydroclimate time-transgressive heterogeneous rather than well-defined period. isochron demonstrates long-term (multidecadal) or were identified beyond areas proximal eruption. Historical Europe subsistence crises demonstrate degree temporal correspondence interannual timescales, events reported outside common 9th century. exemplifies difficulties identifying confirming single eruption, even has small age uncertainty. | peer-review | null |
Carolingian Image Theory | null | 2,022 | null | other | null |
Bede on Sickness, Episcopal Identity and Monastic Asceticism | Jessica L. Collett | 2,022 | The value of bodily affliction as a means for integrating an active life good works on earth with the contemplative values heaven, prior to return Christ and world's end, remains relatively unexplored, despite suffering saints being common medieval trope. Using work Gregory Great Venerable Bede, this article seeks explore interrelation shed light upon Bede's use his presentation Cuthbert's episcopate forge distinctive understanding links between illness, episcopal identity biblical ordering time, that finds expression in eschatology apocalyptic. | article | Studies in Church History|St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) |
Eternal Light and Earthly Concerns: Belief and the Shaping of Medieval Society by Paul Fouracre | John H. Arnold | 2,022 | Reviewed by: Eternal Light and Earthly Concerns: Belief the Shaping of Medieval Society by Paul Fouracre John H. Arnold Keywords Middle Ages, lighting, devotional lights, altar, oil, medieval economics, socio-economic structure, social transformation paul fouracre. Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021. Pp. iv + 247. Some most interesting topics in recent historiography are those which have been hiding plain sight. Such is focus Fouracre's brilliant fascinating—if sometimes frustrating—new book. The topic question lighting provided to Western churches, not so much practical that might or used, but lights were set upon altars. Here "eternal light" "belief" title: requirement a light should be kept "perpetually" alight every Christian church (something firmly established, theory at least, under Carolingians, possibly going back sixthcentury councils Iberian Peninsula). primary book on early central Ages—Fouracre distinguished medievalist—and "lights" discussion period mostly oil-burning lamps. "earthly concerns" thus processes supplying churches with oil. (Mostly oil: wax was also present predominant fuel for until later Ages.) what has previously taken granted brought dazzlingly into view: amounts oil needed keep flame continually considerable. Thus, it massive, ongoing material need, as demonstrates, this need inextricably intertwined wider economic processes: changing fortunes trade North Africa and, progressed, exercise various kinds lordly exaction generate steady flow income directed toward "lights." In certain areas Europe, provide produced specific class unfree people whose surplus labor particularly task, including who surrendered themselves servitude church, said "given lights" (this German-speaking lands ninth century). constant (and wax) always one important factor within socioeconomic mix. At other points sees [End Page 146] particular models land tenure, monasteries "precarial" grants (in could reclaimed date), providing institutions rent, often specifically upkeep provision lighting. rise confraternities means furnished. whilst arguing caused change, he dramatically demonstrating how very powerful way seeing shifts structure across Ages. This provides an opportunity comment historiographical arguments about change period, astute reading documentary sources la longue durée alertness geographical variety. One unexpected benefits concise critique several longstanding arguments, perhaps importantly allegedly abrupt "feudal revolution" predominantly francophone scholars (Georges Duby, Pierre Bonnassie) identified occurring eleventh century associated local lordship imposition peasantry. line more anglophone scholarship, attends longer term continuities, regional variations, variations nature surviving documentation can tell us. byproduct useful sketch of, intermittently skeptical commentary upon, large-scale found European However, I mentioned "frustration" evoked Regarding lights... | article | Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft |
The Homiliary of Paul the Deacon: Religious and Cultural Reform in Carolingian Europe. By Zachary Guiliano. Sermo Studies on Patristic, Medieval, and Reformation Sermons and Preaching. Turnhout: Brepols, 2021. 341 pp. €90,00 hardcover. | Matthew Bryan Gillis | 2,022 | The Homiliary of Paul the Deacon: Religious and Cultural Reform in Carolingian Europe. By Zachary Guiliano. Sermo Studies on Patristic, Medieval, Reformation Sermons Preaching. Turnhout: Brepols, 2021. 341 pp. €90,00 hardcover. - Volume 91 Issue 2 | article | Church History |
Bratankowie Karola Wielkiego i rytuał królewskiego namaszczenia | Zbigniew Dalewski | 2,022 | Wychodząc od zawartej w Liber Pontificalis relacji o zabiegach władcy Longobardów Dezyderiusza, zmierzających do skłonienia papieża Hadriana I namaszczenia na królów Franków bratanków Karola Wielkiego, artykuł podejmuje kwestię znaczenia rytuału królewskiego pomazania legitymizacji władzy pierwszych karolińskich monarchów. Pokazuje, jaki sposób zarówno dworze karolińskim, jak i papieskim drugiej połowie VIII w. początkach IX postrzegano ceremonię udział niej oraz jakie treści łączono z nią praktyce działań politycznych. | article | Kwartalnik Historyczny|RCIN (Digital Repository of the Scientifics Institutes) (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences) |
Clemens Gantner / Walter Pohl (Eds.), After Charlemagne. Carolingian Italy and its Rulers. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2020 | Britta Mischke | 2,022 | Article Clemens Gantner / Walter Pohl (Eds.), After Charlemagne. Carolingian Italy and its Rulers. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2020 was published on August 1, 2022 in the journal Historische Zeitschrift (volume 315, issue 1). | article | Historische Zeitschrift |
Mental Maps of Eastern Europe: States, Mentalities, Modernisation | Mihai Varga | 2,022 | Abstract Eastern Europe has been the object of orientalising discourses portraying it as a region defined by problematic statehood, underdevelopment, and nationalist‐religious warmongering. These have produced 19 th ‐century mental maps contrasting perceived ‘core’ European area ending with Frankish Empire's eastern border coinciding later Enlightenment influence an indistinct ‘Orient’ or ‘East’, bypassed “modernising” processes. This contribution focuses on (post‐)Cold War in social science shows how these re‐produce layers map‐making keep East‐West differences alive tracing deficient, fragile repressive state institutions back to alleged ‘mentalities’. | article | Sociology Lens|Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) |
Una monja endemoniada acude al confesionario: uso y aplicación del sacramento del perdón en el caso de Jeanne Féry (Países Bajos españoles, 1584-1586) | Carlos Manuel Osorio García | 2,022 | En la temprana modernidad, el sacramento de confesión fue objeto debates, controversias y rechazos. este artículo, me propongo analizar conjunto prácticas representaciones que se construyeron alrededor administración sacramental penitencia en un caso particular, a saber, posesión diabólica sufrió Jeanne Féry, monja conventual las Sœur Noires ciudad Mons, los Países Bajos Españoles, entre 1584 1586. Una lectura atenta Histoire admirable et veritable, fuente documental compilada por archidiácono François Buisseret donde narran vivencias endemoniada, permite observar aplicación del paradigma reconciliación fundamental tanto para expulsar demonios invasores como enaltecer institución eclesiástica sus ministros ordenados. De tal forma, retorno posesa al seno Iglesia solamente posible medio realización una general dispensada sacerdotes. A lo largo trabajo, buscaré reconstruir cómo ejecutó perdón sobre blasfema herética endemoniada contexto álgido discusiones teológicas suscitadas sacramento, subproducto eclosión consolidación Reforma Protestante. | article | Anales de historia antigua, medieval y moderna |
Decimal Diaspora: Ten Exiles and a Medieval Construction of Jewish History | Carsten L. Wilke | 2,022 | The present article reviews religious constructions of Jewish diaspora History in their long-term evolution and discusses a midrashic text that hints at historical turning-point the 12th century. In Antiquity, gendered metaphors were most commonly used to characterize troubled relations between God, Land, people Israel. Early medieval conceptions speculated about cyclical repetition deportation events other calamities. That meant number rather than gender became dominant organizing principle narrative later period. Since “Midrash Ten Exiles” expresses this new numerology straightforwardly, redactional history literary context short is focus study. | article | Hamsa |
Warren Pezé & Daniel E. Rojas (Eds.), International Recognition. A Historical and Political Perspective | Gregory Albisson | 2,022 | null | article | Nuevo mundo-mundos nuevos|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
Law‐books, concomitant texts and ethnically framed legal pluralism on the fringes of post‐Carolingian Europe: northern Italy and Catalonia around 1000 | Stefan Esders | 2,022 | Around 1000, a new type of law‐book emerged in Catalonia and northern Italy that attests to ways handling legal material. Incorporating full the Visigothic Lombard law codes, respectively, these law‐books provided base for studying interpreting old through comments, glosses etc., addressing users such as lay judges. By looking at Catalonian Liber iudicum popularis north Italian Papiensis their manuscript contexts along with several revealing concomitant texts, article seeks demonstrate also need be understood reflecting transformation brought about by two regions’ former belonging Carolingian empire. A manuscript‐based approach can how local appropriation pre‐Carolingian traditions contributed legitimization post‐Carolingian rule both regions, whose cultures evolved quite differently despite numerous parallels points comparison. | article | Early Medieval Europe|Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) |
Western Europe in the age of Abbot‐Bishop Oliba: persistence and transformation after the Carolingians | Patrick J. Geary | 2,022 | This essay situates Count‐Bishop Oliba of Vic in post‐Carolingian western Europe by comparing his spiritual and political roles to those contemporary bishops beyond the Pyrenees: Fulbert Chartres, Gerard Cambrai, Burchard Worms, Aribert Milan. Although not direct communication with each other, these men faced similar challenges. Each bishop concentrated on securing regional levers power, either assuming traditionally held counts or else contesting actual counts. A major factor differentiating their careers was presence absence strong royal authority, which determined only selection as but also extent which, after consecration, they were obliged respond external authority. | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Introduction | Matthias M. Tischler | 2,022 | Early Medieval EuropeVolume 30, Issue 4 p. 497-498 Original Article Introduction Matthias M. Tischler, Tischler ICREA/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 October 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12574Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available article. Volume30, Issue4Special Issue: Themed edition: After Carolingians: Catalonia Europe in transformationNovember 2022Pages RelatedInformation | article | Early Medieval Europe |
11 colores – colour, dress style, and fashion | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
5 *supparus – Plautus Epidicus III | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Introduction to part D | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Peripheral Polities North of the Carolingian Realm: The Regnum Danorum | Ildar H. Garipzanov | 2,022 | null | chapter | BRILL eBooks |
Preliminary Material | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | BRILL eBooks |
Monastic Reform in Ottonian and Salian Germany | Johan Belaen | 2,022 | Scholarship uses the notion of reform to describe development German monasticism after disintegration Carolingian empire in two ways: as an instrument reference pragmatic monastic policies rulers, or a means define initiatives which aimed at modifying discipline and government – most important is Cluniac movement. In practice, these approaches are often combined. As such, kings emperors commonly believed have been driven by spiritual concerns vice versa ‘reform abbots’ seen servants empire. past few years, however, both idea well-organised Imperial Church that omnipresent movement significantly nuanced. This mainly due renewed interest local power networks monasteries their abbots were involved. | reference-entry | null |
Cluniac Order | Constance B. Bouchard | 2,022 | The monastery of Cluny, although originally just one a number houses dedicated or rededicated to observance the Benedictine Rule in late Carolingian era, became over course tenth and 11th centuries most influential wealthiest Christendom. Free since its foundation from outside influence, it followed life individual poverty prayer, gaining reputation for great holiness. Powerful laypersons began give other monasteries into care Cluny with view causing them adopt more regular life. After reform, many these acquired their independence appointed own abbots, but some remained under Cluny’s direction as priories. These were said follow Order, namely way liturgical observance. By 13th century, however, those subject abbot organised true an emphasis on uniformity accountability. | reference-entry | null |
Medieval Bologna | null | 2,022 | The medieval period in Bologna spans from the end of Gothic War 553 ce to 1401, when Giovanni I Bentivoglio proclaimed himself signore Bologna. After War, mid-6th century, at first Etruscan and later Roman settlement came within sphere influence Exarchate Ravenna subsequently hands Carolingians then kings Italy (9th–10th centuries). city was governed by a count, like other regions under Carolingian dominion, duke. From 10th particularly 11th economic recovery, expanded beyond walls, with modest dwellings housing artisans who were moving countryside. At reached turning point its history, emergence university—in particular, law school. In following centuries, students converged on all over Europe, managed meet needs large numbers students. 12th century merchants, artisans, professional classes established an autonomous form government, commune. Together cities northern Italy, part Lombard League, it fought against emperor Frederick Barbarossa, laid claim government city. emerged that conflict state full autonomy. 1150s, second circle defenses constructed, Torresotti but proved be inadequate. late 1220s, much more extensive which this day marks limits historic center. During 13th various forms adopted. beginning controlled aristocrats entrepreneurs, giving way popular (Comune di Popolo) middle century. political tensions between social strata gave rise insecurity, resulting intended safeguard economy. Various set up 14th internal external rulers: local Pepoli family, Milan’s Visconti. But greatest threat Bologna’s autonomy papacy, regimes Cardinal du Pouget, legate Guillaume de Noellet. 1376 there reassertion Commune. | reference-entry | null |
Leoba (d. 779) | Valerie L. Garver | 2,022 | Leoba (d. 779) was an Anglo-Saxon abbess of Tauberbischofsheim in Saxony. She is best known for her missionary-related efforts because work spreading the female religious life and close association with relative, Boniface Mainz. Two extant letters between demonstrate Leoba’s considerable learning as does account by monk Rudolf Fulda. Rudolf’s discussion childhood, able leadership, miracles, death provides a view into early medieval gender dynamics. instruction prepared many students to become abbesses elsewhere, helping propagate Christian practice. Among laity who respected were Carolingian kings Charlemagne’s queen, Hildegard. travelled widely other houses, Fulda, royal court. | reference-entry | null |
Gertrude of Nivelles (626–659) | Bonnie Effros | 2,022 | Gertrude of Nivelles was born in 626 to Pippin I Landen, mayor the palace Austrasian kingdom, and Ita, his wife. After her mother founded a religious house at Nivelles, became first abbess, where she oversaw monastery until death 659. The Irish-influenced double an important centre for Pippinid (and later Carolingian) dynasty. | reference-entry | null |
Disputes, their conduct and their settlement in the village communities of eastern Brittany in the ninth century | Wendy Davies | 2,022 | There were formal and informal means for the settlement of disputes within village communities ninth-century eastern Brittany, although both depended essentially on local knowledge history confidence in good faith those with knowledge. This chapter discusses Brittany way that they handled their problems public. The political status throughout this period change western central Europe was a fluctuating matter sometimes decidedly anomalous. fundamental question relationship between government localities is clearly complicated case by comparatively recent introduction probably imperfect application Carolingian institutions to also area itself. | chapter | Routledge eBooks |
Corruption, Protection and Justice in Medieval Europe | Jonathan R. Lyon | 2,022 | What was an “advocate” (Latin: advocatus; German: Vogt) in the Middle Ages? responsibilities came with position and how did they change over time? With this groundbreaking study, Jonathan R. Lyon challenges standard narrative of a “medieval” Europe feudalism lordship being replaced by “modern” government, bureaucracy state. By focusing on advocate, he argues for continuity corrupt practices justice protection between 750 1800. This book traces development role church advocate from Carolingian period onward explains why became associated violent abuse power churches' estates. When other types advocates common around Germany after 1250, including territorial urban advocates, were not officeholders developing bureaucracies. Instead, used similar to profit illicitly their positions, which calls into question scholarly arguments about decline rise governmental accountability European history. | book | null |
Teaching Paleography at Lviv University during Soviet Period: Contribution to Development of Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines in Ukraine in the Second Half of the 1940s – the First Half of the 1980s | Oleksandr Tseluіko | 2,022 | The purpose of the study is review and analysis body work those lectures Lviv University who in Soviet era taught Paleography related disciplines.
 Scientific novelty: for first time domestic historiography, process teaching Paleographic courses at analyzed, their filling content, information on some unpublished educational publications special (auxiliary) historical disciplines are provided.
 Conclusions: practice has had a long tradition, from last third 19th century was stable nature. They were added to programs because need professional training researchers history Middle Ages early modern times employees archival museum institutions.
 Until 1939, most by Polish scholars, object close attention Latin Paleography. Separate Cyrillic Paleography, which could be attended students University, given that Ukrainians M. Hrushevskyi I. Svientsitskyi.
 After beginning Sovietization this higher institution, and, particular, stopped while, resumed only second half 1940s. A number Ukrainian played decisive role (Ye. Yatskevych, Starchuk, Ya. Kis), finished secondary schools graduated institutions before 1939 or, under supervision professors years its Sovietization.
 middle 1980s, both Cyrillic, according scheme traditional previous times, main paid formation practical skills reading ancient writing, theoretical part shortened brief brachygraphy. Over time, Kis enhanced content course with about other disciplines, all, Diplomatics. Due absence textbooks, lecturers tried prepare own publications. However, one them appeared print, rest remained drafts. | article | Емінак|DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
Das ‚Breviarium Erchanberti‘ – der Beginn der St. Galler Historiographie? | Roland Zingg | 2,022 | null | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
ORTA ÇAĞ ALMANYA’SINDA EĞİTİM | Banu ÇETİN ÜNAL | 2,022 | Orta Çağ Almanya’sında eğitim ilk başlarda manastırlarda verilmekteydi ve St. Gall, Reichenau Fulda gibi birçok ünlü manastır bu döneme damga vurmuştur. Daha sonra manastırların yerini katedral okulları almış Köln, Worms, Hildesheim, Speyer, Trier, Augsburg, Freising, Passau, Regensburg Würzburg damgasını vuran okulu ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu okullar üniversitelerin kuruluşuna kadar önemini korumuştur. Ancak Geç Çağ’da eğitimde dikkate değer bir ilerleme dönemi yaşanmış zaman içinde okullarından üniversitelere kaymıştır. dönemde gelişimine tanık olmaktayız. üniversiteler arasında Viyana, Heidelberg, Erfurt, Freiburg, Ingolstadt Trier önemli vardır. Çalışmamızda ne neden ortaya çıktığı hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Ek olarak üniversitelerde kendine edinen hümanizm da bilgiler Ayrıca çalışmamızda genel manastır, üniversitelerdeki müfredatı vermeye çalıştık. Özetle makalede eğitimin temelleri üzerinde durarak gelişimini incelemeye | article | Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli üniversitesi sbe dergisi |
Piety and Nepotism at Early-Carolingian Freising | Carl Hammer | 2,022 | null | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
The Book Incarnate | Brian Cummings | 2,022 | The metaphor of the book as body is one oldest known, but it a metaphor? Stories abound books being punished if they were human bodies, or alternatively acting miraculous saviours in relation to injury death war. While these cases reach back sixteenth- and seventeenth-century wars religion (and long before) are also found twentieth century, First World War, from which prayer-books have survived with bullet holes. chapter argues for mimetic relationship between container its owners. This investigated finally via Ragyndrudis Codex Carolingian era. It acts martyred book, place saint, suggests what Roland Barthes called ‘book-life’, capacity frame subjectivity. | chapter | Oxford University Press eBooks |
Die sogenannten Kapitularien und ihre Archivierung in der Karolingerzeit * | Takuro Tsuda | 2,022 | null | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Knowledge History of the Middle Ages | Martin Kintzinger | 2,022 | null | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Comment on cp-2021-170 | Mukund Palat Rao | 2,022 | The 852/3 CE eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska, was one the largest first millennium volcanic events, with a magnitude 6.7 (VEI 6) and tephra volume 39.4–61.9 km3 (95 % confidence). spatial extent ash fallout from this event is considerable cryptotephra (White River Ash east; WRAe) extends as far Finland Poland. Proximal ecosystem societal disturbances have been linked eruption; however, wider impacts on climate society are unknown. Greenland ice-core records show that occurred in winter ± 1 associated relatively moderate sulfate aerosol loading, but large abundances chlorine. Here we assess potential broader impact using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, historical model simulations. We also use fortuitous timing Churchill its extensively widespread deposition White (east) (WRAe) to examine climatic expression warm Medieval Climate Anomaly period (MCA; ca. 950–1250 CE) precisely peatlands North Atlantic region. reconstructed forcing compared magnitude, tree-ring-inferred temperatures report significant atmospheric cooling 0.8 °C summer 853 CE. Modelled scenarios CE, although average smaller (0.3 °C). simulated patterns generally similar those generated temperature reconstructions. Tree-ring inferred begins prior date suggesting natural internal variability may increased system’s susceptibility further cooling. could suggest be underestimated, thereby highlighting need for greater insight into, consideration of, role halogens when estimating potential. Precise comparisons across America Europe, facilitated by presence WRAe isochron, reveal no consistent MCA signal. These findings contribute growing body evidence characterizes hydroclimate time-transgressive heterogeneous, rather than well-defined period. isochron demonstrates long-term (multidecadal) or were identified beyond areas proximal eruption. Historical Europe subsistence crises demonstrate degree temporal correspondence interannual timescales, events reported outside common 9th century. exemplifies difficulties identifying confirming single eruption, even it dated. | peer-review | null |
Annulling Inherited Contracts | Maya Maskarinec | 2,022 | null | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Poder e violência política no reinado de Carlos, o Calvo | Isabela Alves Silva | 2,022 | null | dissertation | null |
Crònica i memòria. Textos històrics de Martí de Viciana el Vell | null | 2,022 | The book gathers the part written in Catalan of existing documents a miscellaneous manuscript Biblioteca del Escorial, dated from 15th century. content is diverse but all are historicist type on kingdoms and dynasty Crown Aragon Carolingian times to time Alfonso Magnanimous, which it takes more form diary city kingdom Valencia, at considerable detail. Of disputed origin, according Joan Iborra they were put together by Martí Viciana Elder, grandfather chronicler de Viciana, probably with intention having information available for later use since, most cases, fragments other works that editor identifies critical notes.... [Leer más...] [-] | book | Universitat de València eBooks|Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) |
Medieval Multilingual Manuscripts | null | 2,022 | Manuscripts provide rich documentary evidence for understanding the history of cultural life across breadth Europe and Asia down through Middle Ages. Many illustrate engagement between languages, in both similar contrasting ways from east to west. The demarcation manuscript studies into single-language academic disciplines has often obscured this reality, privileging one constituent part or contributing language each rather than exploring combination as a nuanced complex whole. This volume seeks examine manuscripts integrally united artefacts, respecting diversity their elements. Case are presented twelve with various levels inter-language exchange collision, horizons diverse Atlantic West, Carolingian Europe, Byzantine world, Silk Road cultures, Asia. essays function individually discrete contributions, but together they highlight range overlapping themes, illustrating interaction global religions, pedagogical exchange, secular society-building.The analogies well concrete points connection them underline value cross-disciplinary approach. | book | De Gruyter eBooks|OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation)|Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository) |
Chapter 13 Magic, Women, and the Carolingian Court | null | 2,022 | null | chapter | Cornell University Press eBooks |
Monstrous animal siblings in Europe | Davide Ermacora | 2,022 | Reports of women giving birth to a baby together with an animal (toad, mouse, bird, etc.), are documented in Europe from the 1100s onwards: most important traditions which frater Salernitanorum and sooterkin. Throughout centuries, authors have typically attempted explain monstrous siblings light contemporary medical knowledge. The present paper compares medieval later sooterkin investigates both historico-folklore terms. It argues that it is understand not only history, but as beliefs narratives actively shared through acts communication. In so doing, this article informed by history medicine folklore studies. | article | Boletín de literatura oral |
Attone di Vercelli, Polipticum quod appellatur Perpendiculum. Critical edition, translation, and commentary by Giacomo Vignodelli with a study of the author’s compositional technique by Luigi G.G. Ricci. Edizione nazionale dei testi mediolatini d’Italia 54. Florence: SISMEL – Edizione del Galluzzo. 2019. 2 volumes: I, vi + 338 pp.; II, 302 pp. €120. ISBN 978 88 8450 901 7. | Maureen C. Miller | 2,022 | Early Medieval EuropeVolume 30, Issue 4 p. 657-658 Book review Attone di Vercelli, Polipticum quod appellatur Perpendiculum. Critical edition, translation, and commentary by Giacomo Vignodelli with a study of the author’s compositional technique Luigi G.G. Ricci. Edizione nazionale dei testi mediolatini d’Italia 54. Florence: SISMEL – del Galluzzo. 2019. 2 volumes: I, vi + 338 pp.; II, 302 pp. €120. ISBN 978 88 8450 901 7. Maureen C. Miller, Miller University California, BerkeleySearch for more papers this author First published: 06 October 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12585 [Correction added on 17 2022, after first online publication: Article title has been corrected in version.] Read full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease our Terms Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link article your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available article. Volume30, Issue4Special Issue: Themed edition: After Carolingians: Catalonia Europe transformationNovember 2022Pages RelatedInformation | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Urban water supply infrastructure in Grudziądz (northern Poland): from the Middle Ages to the pre-modern times | Wacław Kulczykowski | 2,022 | Abstract This article presents the history of water supply system in Grudziądz (Poland) over centuries, from Middle Ages to end nineteenth century. The location on high escarpment Vistula River made it difficult town. innovative technical facilities, such as a water-work and tower had be constructed because gravitational waterworks could not applied. basis for research was analysis historical sources. In this study, non-invasive methods were used (aerial prospection, LiDAR scanning geophysical surveys with Ground Penetrating Radar), since hydrotechnical objects are located functioning urban space no excavations carried out. included: (i) measurements, exploration preparation photo-documentation tower, (ii) providing digital model (iii) finding tunnel inside (iv) attempting locate tunnel's course outside tower. | article | Water History |
Bobbio | Sven Meeder | 2,022 | The monastery of Bobbio was founded around 613 by the Irish Abbot Columbanus when Lombard King Agilulf granted him land and a church dedicated to St. Peter at Bobbio, locality on river Trebbia in Apennine mountains (province Piacenza) and, like Columbanus’s earlier foundation Luxeuil, an old Roman settlement. With his followers, had travelled Italy via Alemannia Burgundian monasteries Annegray, Fontaines (like with royal support). died 615 buried there soon became known as Columbanus. centre quickly grew status wealth, enjoying stable patronage house well Carolingian rulers. In 628, obtained exemption Pope Honorius I (625–638), first history (as far we know), which placed it under jurisdiction Holy See rather than local bishop. From 10th century onwards Bobbio’s landed properties were continuously threatened bishops magnates resulting its slow but steady loss wealth subsequent centuries. | reference-entry | null |
Nicholas I, Pope (858–867) and Saint | Maddalena Betti | 2,022 | Nicholas I was pope from 858 to 867. His importance began in his own times because of extended and high view office. principles involved him three important areas: relations with the Carolingians (especially affair Lothar’s divorce); conflict bishops church councils West; battle Archbishop John Ravenna eastern church, especially over questions Photius’s right patriarchate Constantinople attempt bring Bulgaria into Roman orbit. | reference-entry | null |
John VIII, Pope (872–882) | Maddalena Betti | 2,022 | John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. He a tenacious who, despite difficult political circumstances, fought for the implementation of Roman primacy in different contexts, even by devising courageous and audacious strategies. His choices were greatly influenced Saracen threat Rome. Hoping obtain military support against Saracens Byzantines, forced restore diplomatic relations with patriarchate Constantinople. Then, he deeply future Carolingian family, choosing three emperors. VIII’s Pontificate is worthy consideration owing pope’s unbending aspiration extend jurisdiction over new territories Central South-Eastern Europe through creation an extensive network local Slavic rulers. | reference-entry | null |
Pretiosa est in conspectu Domini mors sanctorum eius. The Chapter Book Necrologies of Mont Saint-Michel, Avranches, Bibl. patrimoniale, ms 214 | K. S. B. Keats-Rohan | 2,022 | Examination of Avranches, Bibl. patrimoniale, ms 214 shows that it contains the Chapter Book used for memorialization dead in office from c. 1212 to 1450, with obits going back well into tenth century; names were added throughout 13th and 14th centuries, continuing sporadically late 16th century. Additional texts, a customary ceremonial, under Abbot Pierre Le Roy (d. 1411). Analysis texts links monks major monastic reforms early eleventh century as key players, suggests they had some finest intellectuals their time. A selection illustrative is given an appendix. | article | Tabularia |
Christiana tempora ? The Conclusion of the Histories and the Creation of a Patristic Past | Graeme Ward | 2,022 | The Histories seventh-century conclusion tends to be seen as the text’s most idiosyncratic feature. What contemporary value should ascribed a Carolingian history of world that says nothing about period? This chapter begins by surveying range answers have been given in response this question, before offering new reading Histories’ controversial end point. is keyed narrative flow Part II whole, and authoritative resources from which it was constructed. While previous interpretations posited Frechulf sought emphasise western Empire or wrapping an Augustinian meta-narrative, argues Frechulf’s its defined limits patristic Christianity. | chapter | British Academy eBooks |
Review of C. Prescott et al. eds., Trinacria. ‘An island outside time’, Oxford 2021 | Lars Karlsson | 2,022 | null | article | Opuscula |
Review of B. Eder & M. Zavadil, eds., (Social) Place and space in early Mycenaean Greece, Vienna 2021 | Ann-Louise Schallin | 2,022 | null | article | Opuscula |
Review of M. Fontaine, ed., How to tell a joke, Princeton 2021 | Elisabet Göransson | 2,022 | null | article | Opuscula |
Enfeoffment as a Tool in the Safeguarding of Power? | Stefan Brenner | 2,022 | Personal unions, that is, the simultaneous exercise of legally unrelated offices or functions by same person, were an integral part political ruling practice in large parts medieval and early modern Europe. Alongside dazzling well-known examples from among Europe's elites, however, this chapter examines personal unions a different, more ordinary perspective: 1552, Christopher Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel Welf dynasty sought to be enfeoffed Emperor Charles V as count duke quasi-autonomous aristocratic federal republic Dithmarschen. The history relationship between Dithmarschen Bremen archdiocese goes back long way: following subjugation Saxon tribes north Elbe Charlemagne ninth century, allegedly was soon included county Carolingian empire assigned archbishopric Hamburg-Bremen. | chapter | Routledge eBooks |
Past and Present in the Histories | Graeme Ward | 2,022 | Moving beyond the specific context of early medieval intellectual culture, this chapter considers Frechulf’s audiences and questions political function utility history in ninth century. It begins by problematizing dedicatory prologues, which, despite their ostensible immediacy, are shown to be more complex than previously assumed. In a second step, turns exemplary role Christian Roman emperors Carolingian culture. Rather link work explicitly contemporary moral conciliar texts, argues that 820s there were range responses common body authoritative texts. | chapter | British Academy eBooks |
Incarnation and Empire: Orosius and the Exegesis of History | Graeme Ward | 2,022 | The birth of Christ in the reign Augustus, first Roman emperor, is central moment <italic>Histories</italic>, where Part I’s narrative concludes and II’s begins. This chapter explores this critical juncture through lens Frechulf’s reception Orosius’s <italic>Seven Books Histories against Pagans</italic>. Modern historians late antiquity have long separated perception church empire from that his more illustrious teacher, Augustine, scholars Carolingian Empire inherited distinction. queries implications labelling intellectuals ‘Augustinian’ or otherwise. It locates Orosius not within modern reconstruction fifth-century debates about <italic>ecclesia</italic> but rather ninth-century culture scriptural exegesis. | chapter | British Academy eBooks |
Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity | Carl Johan Berglund|Barbara Crostini|James Anthony Kelhoffer | 2,022 | In a seminal study, Cur cantatur?, Anders Ekenberg examined Carolingian sources for explanations of why the liturgy was sung, rather than spoken. This multidisciplinary volume takes up Ekenberg’s question anew, investigating interplay New Testament writings, sacred spaces, biblical interpretation, and reception history liturgical practices traditions. Analyses Greek, Latin, Coptic, Arabic, Gǝʿǝz sources, as well archaeological epigraphic evidence, illuminate an array topics, including recent trends in studies; manuscript variants praxis; Ignatius Antioch’s choral metaphor; baptism ancient Christian apocrypha; significance late altar veils. | book | null |
The Creation of the Aprisio and It’s Functions in the Early Carolingian Era(780~844) | Seung Hyup Hyun | 2,022 | 780년, 카롤루스 마그누스는 이슬람 세력의 지배를 피해 프랑크 영토로 유입 된 고트인들에게 개간할 토지, 즉 ‘아프리시오’를 수여하여 정착시키는 한편, 이 를 매개로 이들과 유사 주종관계를 맺음으로써 제국의 중심부에서 멀리 떨어진 변경지역에 왕권을 확립하고자 했다. 이를 위해 그는 아프리시오 재산권을 보장 하고 해당 토지에 면세특권을 부여했으며, 백의 불법적인 침탈을 금지했다. 루도비쿠스 1세는 제도를 정교하게 다듬었다. 보유자들의 의무를 구체적으로 적시하는 이들에게 경제적 특권 뿐 만 아 니라 사법특권까지 부여했으며 소유권을 보다 명확하게 정의함으로 써 권력 남용을 강력하게 규제했다. 또한 각 지역에 칙령 사본을 배포하여 확고하게 정착시키고 군소 보유자들을 유력자들 의 횡포로부터 지키기 노력했다. 대머리왕은 보유자 들의 상속권을 인정하고 이들의 축소했으며, 경제 및 사법특권을 강화하 는 여러 규정들을 추가하여 권력을 견제했다. | article | Seoyang jungse'sa yeon'gu |
Conclusion | Graeme Ward | 2,022 | This concluding chapter briefly restates the book’s key themes by stressing different roles historical knowledge played in Carolingian world. From there, it sketches medieval reception history of Frechulf’s work. In particular, touches upon how compilation authoritative historiography itself became accepted and recognised as an text. | chapter | British Academy eBooks |
The Global Renaissance: Extended Palimpsests and Intercultural Transfers in a Transcontinental Space | Michel Espagne | 2,022 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
The Irish Penitentials and Conscience Formation | Hugh Connolly | 2,022 | As commonly used in its moral sense I will, for the purposes of this paper, take concept “conscience” to be inherent ability every healthy human being perceive what is right and wrong and, on strength perception, control, monitor, evaluate execute their actions. Such values as or wrong, good evil, just unjust, fair unfair have existed throughout history are also shaped by an individual’s cultural, political economic environment. The medieval penitential literature offers one such historical snapshot. These manuals guides confessors, including prayers, lists questions asked confessor, penances assigned various sins were integral part practice private penance which began Celtic Church later spread through Europe with Anglo-Saxon missions. Penitential books use confessors appeared sixth ninth centuries. texts not a rule decreed episcopal synods. Their authority generally rested reputation compiler editor. Public public that caused scandal church. Private matters conscience. Penitentials more flexible than churches’ ancient canonical system they largely replaced. While European tended provide complete guidance confessor instead mere rules penalties; instruction entirely absent from earlier Irish ancillary documents. Thus, goal early middle ages was only sacramental but didactic. It would been occasion inculcate Christian beliefs, opportunity model proper behaviour extension key formation case expressions casuistry (Etym. Latin casus, case, problem solved) purpose thus adapt apply unchangeable norms morality changing variable circumstances life albeit somewhat rudimentary fashion. literary genre pastoral practices stemming it valid worthy object any study theological analysis concerning ‘formation conscience.’ | article | Religions|DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
The Early Medieval relief from Malo Čajno nearby Visoko with great Nespina kaznac’s added inscription | Ante Milošević | 2,022 | This text deals with circumstances of the finding as well art and iconographic characteristics an interesting relief accidentally dug out in 1947, north-east from Visoko, Central Bosnia. Field examination that followed afterwards determined once was a part itinerary interior decoration smaller building. Supposedly, this medieval tomb construction based on fact nearby environment there were several other unornamented tombstones after Cyrillic inscription which probably carved afterwards. The afore mentioned was, more frequently than itself, object interest for researchers because it mentions two historical personalities, Nespina kaznac Great his sister Bjeloka. Naïve nature carving is highly stressed feature (210 cm long, 106 high 7-10 thick) especially noticeable displayed human form. Its body, apart protectivebelt wrapped around right arm sharp tipped shoes, has no clothing items displayed. body placed semi-profile while head shown en face. hands are uneven length its fists external sides so one gets impression hunter left hands. form naïve display figure characteristic theearly period. Similarly, miniature 9th century showing transport relics, front porter scene awkward ”two hands” length. Generally, primitive stone-carving method Visoko can also be recognized displaying Palm Sunday Venice, marble panel San Saba church Rome Žrnovnica Dalmatia. All these examples we used to compare with, originate 8th century.Due looks contents motif including hunting scene, Malo Čajno identified similar motifs stećci. However, different stećci, not only details but complete artistic creation. animals, next it, numerous do exist similardisplays Hairy animals have their big grinned teeth stressed, dogs leather collars precise hair beard, facial hairy neck. entire composition rigid case stećci rather very dynamic. standing aside spear up air, expecting attackfrom boar surrounded by three dogs. wild beast already overpowered threw under feet dogs, another dog charging energetically,while third running away looking back prevent being grabbed back. There some perspective whole performance dog, secondplain above hunter’s hands, bit others. J. Kovačević who discussed art, iconographyand chronology relief. According opinion, created influence early Romanesque western Europe, particularly following monuments eastern Adriatic coast where stylistically reliefs,in way they form, found. implicitly suggests dating into 11th century. He stated chronological link between Late Antique displays those will numerously show late Through interpretation content relief,he assumed frequent ancient mythological narrative whose interpretatio christiana lies Christian art. Symbolically, killing actually devil or evil spirit which, according gospels Luke Matthew, Christ forced pig, staying untilits disappearance through submerging water. After texts addressing attention. In past literature, most topic papers dealing Bosnian Medieval Afterwards, M. Wenzel first later timesby Š. Bešlagić found standpoint opinion shape holds my stone vicinity dueto complexity specific processing, cannot linked single ornament tombstones. Those tried make connection warn us among onstećci, deer scenes prevalent, eleven times. process dual analogies all reliefs period, schematic makes recognizable lot imagination. stećak Donja Zgošća near Kakanj, israther impressive dimensions ornaments,one interpreted precisely like that, making such made second indicator equalize large holding It presumably use during 14th 15th Several spears well, significantly our truly resembles Early Medieval, Frankish wings inthe half throughout pieces weapons Dalmatian outback, Hercegovina southwestern function clearly indicated tiny images Carolingian book sand Europe Of special importance issue analogy Split horseman attacking bear almost identical spear. Until recently monument considered stone-carving, thanks further detailed andiconographic analysis belongs pre-Romanesque period; likely heads especially, robust semi-open jaws long teeth, could Čajno. Thanks outlook, comparison bodies, mostly resemble augmented animal specimen furniture churches cities Dalmatia, Istria northern Italy. hunting, previously noted, taken repertoire sarcophagus theme Meleager Calydonian Solin (today Archeological museum Split) best prestigious Attic workshops. Antiquity exemplify period Kovačević.A portico cathedral Civita Castellana good Visoko. On Lazio, hunt taking place forest horsemen infantry participating. attacked small wings, hand horn mouth pursuingit, men, equipped fashion, hunt. infantrymen Visokoincluding presence carving. Their legs presented profile, torso areen Apart fashion Bosnia withtheir thick triangular beards broad highlights combed towards scalp. Display superposition artanalogy present both monuments. Cività beLangobardian legacy usually dated century.The added kaznac’s dominated serrated tools. common Period traces far I know. hand, final processing surface Roman assume should understood antique tradition. Such technique applied area today’s involves protomes arrangedin sequence ornamenting outer wall apse palace within curtis Breza, ram’s moufflon’s capital same site. Clear marks chisel hammer indicate assumedlybe approximately building Breza differently functionally explained. old land property. Almost fragments decorate exterior iconography.This reflected bear, moufflon ram would acceptable secular buildings lodge nobility residence Middle Ages. Earlier qualities procedures verysimilar sculptures Breza. Therefore, if add (narrative scene) indicators, assumption ambience does seem too daring. justified know localities few kilometers apart. Hence, consider MaloČajno Ages, roughly centuries Period, new position At moment got new, funeral functionwhich successively originating 12th 13th re-use uncommon Bosnia, thing happened famous Kulin ban’s panelwhich nearby, Biskupići. | article | Godišnjak |
As mulheres e seus funerais no Norte da Gália do século VI | Marina Duarte Sanchez | 2,022 | null | dissertation | null |
Introduction | Graeme Ward | 2,022 | Frechulf of Lisieux’s <italic>Histories</italic> are one the richest but least studied works Carolingian historiography. This introductory chapter accounts for this neglect while also setting out a new framework understanding Frechulf’s text. After outlining what is known about life and ecclesiastical career, it establishes foundations upon which book’s main arguments rest. The ought not to be understood as an unusual work historiography, rather should situated within wider context intellectual culture. | chapter | British Academy eBooks |
Transkimmer: Transformer Learns to Layer-wise Skim | Yong Liang Guan|Zhengyi Li|Jingwen Leng|Zhouhan Lin|Minyi Guo | 2,022 | Transformer architecture has become the de-facto model for many machine learning tasks from natural language processing and computer vision. As such, improving its computational efficiency becomes paramount. One of major inefficiency based models is that they spend identical amount computation throughout all layers. Prior works have proposed to augment with capability skimming tokens improve efficiency. However, suffer not having effectual end-to-end optimization discrete predictor. To address above limitations, we propose Transkimmer architecture, which learns identify hidden state are required by each layer. The skimmed then forwarded directly final output, thus reducing successive key idea in add a parameterized predictor before layer make decision. We also adopt reparameterization trick skim loss training Transkimmer. achieves 10.97x average speedup on GLUE benchmark compared vanilla BERT-base baseline less than 1% accuracy degradation. | article | Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)|arXiv (Cornell University) |
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