manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
10_94	essentially Baroque three-winged complex; one-floor building with half-hip roof
10_95	Hydroelectric power station, on the Nahe, partly within Norheim’s limits – reservoir with dikes,
10_96	weir with bridge and four towers, hydroelectric power station with machine hall and machinist's
10_97	house, 1930s/1950s (see also below)
10_98	Vineyard house – eight-sided plastered building, 19th century
10_99	Vineyard house – half-round tower with Gothic elements, quarrystone, late 19th century
10_100	More about buildings and sites
10_101	Parish church
10_102	The parish church with its girding wall and defensive tower comes mainly from the 12th century; the
10_103	quire is Gothic. It was consecrated to Saint Mechtildis, whose reputed grave here was the object of
10_104	pilgrimage even into Protestant times, up to about 1575. Indeed, Mechtildis even still appeared in
10_105	the village's court seal from 1632. Well known are the frescoes in the tower chapel. In 1940, even
10_106	older, Romanesque, wall paintings were discovered in the nave. These had been whitewashed out on
10_107	the Meisenheim church administration's orders in 1669. They also had the altars and baptismal font
10_108	smashed up.
10_109	Power station
10_110	The three-span, 75 m-long weir raises the River Nahe's water behind it by roughly 6 m, thereby
10_111	forming a reservoir some 5 km long. Even today, RWE still runs a hydroelectric power station here,
10_112	supplied by a 600 m-long headrace. The sod was turned on 20 December 1926, and the power station
10_113	was brought into service on 18 March 1928. The high dikes on both sides ensure that the village is
10_114	effectively safe from flooding. This protection has since been reinforced with the addition of a
10_115	mobile barrier. In the beginning, the reservoir's volume was roughly 900 000 m³, but this has since
10_116	been markedly reduced over the last few decades by sedimentation. The power station's generating
10_117	capacity has a maximum of 1 900 kW, generating a yearly average of 5 232 240 kWh. The reservoir's
10_118	area is roughly 30 ha. This enormous intrusion into the natural environment in the Nahe's water
10_119	gap, however, has brought about its own microclimate of almost Mediterranean character, which is
10_120	especially conducive to winegrowing.
10_121	Schmittenstollen
10_122	The Lemberg, with an elevation of 420 m above sea level, is the highest peak in the Nahe valley
10_123	region. It harbours among other mining points of interest a cultural-historical gem: a mediaeval
10_124	cinnabar mine, the Schmittenstollen, the only mercury mine in Western Europe that has been
10_125	developed into a visitable mine. The former worship site on the Lemberg that was consecrated to the
10_126	god Mercury suggests that quicksilver was being mined here even in Roman times. Evidence, though,
10_127	only exists for mining as far back as the 15th century, with three great periods of working, the
10_128	last from 1936 to 1942, during which cinnabar was mined. In the gallery that is open to the public,
10_129	the visitor can make out the sections that were worked in the Late Middle Ages by hammer and pick
10_130	as well as those that were worked in the 20th century by machine and with explosives. This
10_131	underground experience gives the visitor a taste of what it was like for generations of miners who
10_132	worked the cinnabar mine over the centuries. The Schmittenstollen is open from April to October.
10_133	Sport and leisure
10_134	The Weinwanderweg (“Wine Hiking Trail”) with a total length of about 4.6 km has gathered up more
10_135	than 340 members worldwide, making it the village's biggest club. Many members busy themselves
10_136	expanding and maintaining this educational path that leads through Niederhausen's various
10_137	vineyards. Unfortunately, what they must often deal with is the damage wrought by vandals. The
10_138	membership, though, does its best to put everything back in order.
10_139	Economy and infrastructure
10_140	Transport
10_141	Running through Niederhausen is Landesstraße 235, and it is met in the village centre by
10_142	Kreisstraße 56. Landesstraße 235 leads to Bundesstraße 48 at Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, which
10_143	leads to Bad Kreuznach and, after an interchange onto Bundesstraße 41, the Autobahn A 61
10_144	(Koblenz–Ludwigshafen) just beyond. Serving neighbouring Norheim is a railway station on the Nahe
10_145	Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken). This same line actually likewise runs through Niederhausen,
10_146	but the station there is no longer served.
10_147	Winegrowing
10_148	Niederhausen's structure is characterized mainly by winegrowing. Twelve individual winegrowing
10_149	locations – Einzellagen – are distributed among roughly 120 ha of vineyards. One of the best known
10_150	winegrowing operations was the Königlich-Preußische Weinbaudomäne Niederhausen-Schloßböckelheim
10_151	(“Royal Prussian Winegrowing Domain”). It was already fostering winegrowing in the 19th century,
10_152	especially against the phylloxera plague introduced from the United States along with the rise in
10_153	fungal pests. This winegrowing domain gave Nahe wines added strength on the market, having before
10_154	been sold under other names such as “Rüdesheimer” (referring to Rüdesheim am Rhein rather than
10_155	Rüdesheim an der Nahe) or “Rhine Wine”, having no well known identity of its own. Among
10_156	Niederhausen's wineries are the following:
10_157	Weingut Daum Weingut-Gästehaus Franzmann Weingut Lindenhof Weingut Mathern Weingut Jakob Schneider
10_158	References External links
10_159	Municipality’s official webpage Niederhausen in the collective municipality’s webpages
10_160	Private page about Niederhausen Private page about Niederhausen’s “wine trail”
10_161	Bad Kreuznach (district)
11_0	Sir Stephen Sedley (born 9 October 1939) is a British lawyer. He worked as a judge of the Court of
11_1	Appeal of England and Wales from 1999 to 2011 and is currently a visiting professor at the
11_2	University of Oxford.
11_3	Background
11_4	Sedley's father was Bill Sedley (1910–1985), of a Jewish immigrant family, who operated a legal
11_5	advice service in the East End of London in the 1930s. In the Second World War he served in North
11_6	Africa and Italy with the Eighth Army. Bill Sedley founded the firm of lawyers of Seifert and
11_7	Sedley in the 1940s with Sigmund Seifert and was a lifelong Communist.
11_8	Sir Stephen's younger brother is Professor David Sedley.
11_9	Legal career
11_10	After graduation from Queens' College, Cambridge, Sedley was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in
11_11	1964 and practised in Cloisters chambers with John Platts-Mills, David Turner-Samuels and Michael
11_12	Mansfield.
11_13	Sedley had a particular interest in the development of administrative law (the judicial review of
11_14	governmental and administrative decision making). He was involved in cases which broadened the
11_15	scope of judicial review and established the modern procedure for judicial review, and in
11_16	ground-breaking cases in relation to employment rights, sex and race discrimination, prisoners'
11_17	rights, coroners' inquests, immigration and asylum and freedom of speech. He was counsel in many
11_18	high-profile cases and inquiries, from the death of Blair Peach and the Carl Bridgewater murder
11_19	appeal to the Helen Smith inquest and the contempt hearing against Kenneth Baker, then Home
11_20	Secretary.
11_21	In 1976, Sedley attended, as one of a group of "observers", the "Luanda Trial", sometimes called
11_22	"the Mercenaries' Trial", held by the then recently-victorious MPLA government in Luanda, Angola.
11_23	He became a QC in 1983. He was appointed a High Court judge in 1992, serving in the Queen's Bench
11_24	Division. In 1999 he was appointed to the Court of Appeal as a Lord Justice of Appeal. He was a
11_25	Judge ad hoc of the European Court of Human Rights and a Member ad hoc of the Judicial Committee of
11_26	the Privy Council. His retirement from the Court of Appeal in 2011 coincided with the publication
11_27	of a collection of his essays and lectures.
11_28	Notable judicial opinions
11_29	As a first instance judge, Sedley delivered important judgments in the field of administrative law,
11_30	notably in relation to the concept of legitimate expectation as a ground for judicial review, and
11_31	the duty to give reasons.

10_94

essentially Baroque three-winged complex; one-floor building with half-hip roof

10_95

Hydroelectric power station, on the Nahe, partly within Norheim’s limits – reservoir with dikes,

10_96

weir with bridge and four towers, hydroelectric power station with machine hall and machinist's

10_97

house, 1930s/1950s (see also below)

10_98

Vineyard house – eight-sided plastered building, 19th century

10_99

Vineyard house – half-round tower with Gothic elements, quarrystone, late 19th century

10_100

More about buildings and sites

10_101

Parish church

10_102

The parish church with its girding wall and defensive tower comes mainly from the 12th century; the

10_103

quire is Gothic. It was consecrated to Saint Mechtildis, whose reputed grave here was the object of

10_104

pilgrimage even into Protestant times, up to about 1575. Indeed, Mechtildis even still appeared in

10_105

the village's court seal from 1632. Well known are the frescoes in the tower chapel. In 1940, even

10_106

older, Romanesque, wall paintings were discovered in the nave. These had been whitewashed out on

10_107

the Meisenheim church administration's orders in 1669. They also had the altars and baptismal font

10_108

smashed up.

10_109

Power station

10_110

The three-span, 75 m-long weir raises the River Nahe's water behind it by roughly 6 m, thereby

10_111

forming a reservoir some 5 km long. Even today, RWE still runs a hydroelectric power station here,

10_112

supplied by a 600 m-long headrace. The sod was turned on 20 December 1926, and the power station

10_113

was brought into service on 18 March 1928. The high dikes on both sides ensure that the village is

10_114

effectively safe from flooding. This protection has since been reinforced with the addition of a

10_115

mobile barrier. In the beginning, the reservoir's volume was roughly 900 000 m³, but this has since

10_116

been markedly reduced over the last few decades by sedimentation. The power station's generating

10_117

capacity has a maximum of 1 900 kW, generating a yearly average of 5 232 240 kWh. The reservoir's

10_118

area is roughly 30 ha. This enormous intrusion into the natural environment in the Nahe's water

10_119

gap, however, has brought about its own microclimate of almost Mediterranean character, which is

10_120

especially conducive to winegrowing.

10_121

Schmittenstollen

10_122

The Lemberg, with an elevation of 420 m above sea level, is the highest peak in the Nahe valley

10_123

region. It harbours among other mining points of interest a cultural-historical gem: a mediaeval

10_124

cinnabar mine, the Schmittenstollen, the only mercury mine in Western Europe that has been

10_125

developed into a visitable mine. The former worship site on the Lemberg that was consecrated to the

10_126

god Mercury suggests that quicksilver was being mined here even in Roman times. Evidence, though,

10_127

only exists for mining as far back as the 15th century, with three great periods of working, the

10_128

last from 1936 to 1942, during which cinnabar was mined. In the gallery that is open to the public,

10_129

the visitor can make out the sections that were worked in the Late Middle Ages by hammer and pick

10_130

as well as those that were worked in the 20th century by machine and with explosives. This

10_131

underground experience gives the visitor a taste of what it was like for generations of miners who

10_132

worked the cinnabar mine over the centuries. The Schmittenstollen is open from April to October.

10_133

Sport and leisure

10_134

The Weinwanderweg (“Wine Hiking Trail”) with a total length of about 4.6 km has gathered up more

10_135

than 340 members worldwide, making it the village's biggest club. Many members busy themselves

10_136

expanding and maintaining this educational path that leads through Niederhausen's various

10_137

vineyards. Unfortunately, what they must often deal with is the damage wrought by vandals. The

10_138

membership, though, does its best to put everything back in order.

10_139

Economy and infrastructure

10_140

Transport

10_141

Running through Niederhausen is Landesstraße 235, and it is met in the village centre by

10_142

Kreisstraße 56. Landesstraße 235 leads to Bundesstraße 48 at Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, which

10_143

leads to Bad Kreuznach and, after an interchange onto Bundesstraße 41, the Autobahn A 61

10_144

(Koblenz–Ludwigshafen) just beyond. Serving neighbouring Norheim is a railway station on the Nahe

10_145

Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken). This same line actually likewise runs through Niederhausen,

10_146

but the station there is no longer served.

10_147

Winegrowing

10_148

Niederhausen's structure is characterized mainly by winegrowing. Twelve individual winegrowing

10_149

locations – Einzellagen – are distributed among roughly 120 ha of vineyards. One of the best known

10_150

winegrowing operations was the Königlich-Preußische Weinbaudomäne Niederhausen-Schloßböckelheim

10_151

(“Royal Prussian Winegrowing Domain”). It was already fostering winegrowing in the 19th century,

10_152

especially against the phylloxera plague introduced from the United States along with the rise in

10_153

fungal pests. This winegrowing domain gave Nahe wines added strength on the market, having before

10_154

been sold under other names such as “Rüdesheimer” (referring to Rüdesheim am Rhein rather than

10_155

Rüdesheim an der Nahe) or “Rhine Wine”, having no well known identity of its own. Among

10_156

Niederhausen's wineries are the following:

10_157

Weingut Daum Weingut-Gästehaus Franzmann Weingut Lindenhof Weingut Mathern Weingut Jakob Schneider

10_158

References External links

10_159

Municipality’s official webpage Niederhausen in the collective municipality’s webpages

10_160

Private page about Niederhausen Private page about Niederhausen’s “wine trail”

10_161

Bad Kreuznach (district)

11_0

Sir Stephen Sedley (born 9 October 1939) is a British lawyer. He worked as a judge of the Court of

11_1

Appeal of England and Wales from 1999 to 2011 and is currently a visiting professor at the

11_2

University of Oxford.

11_3

Background

11_4

Sedley's father was Bill Sedley (1910–1985), of a Jewish immigrant family, who operated a legal

11_5

advice service in the East End of London in the 1930s. In the Second World War he served in North

11_6

Africa and Italy with the Eighth Army. Bill Sedley founded the firm of lawyers of Seifert and

11_7

Sedley in the 1940s with Sigmund Seifert and was a lifelong Communist.

11_8

Sir Stephen's younger brother is Professor David Sedley.

11_9

Legal career

11_10

After graduation from Queens' College, Cambridge, Sedley was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in

11_11

1964 and practised in Cloisters chambers with John Platts-Mills, David Turner-Samuels and Michael

11_12

Mansfield.

11_13

Sedley had a particular interest in the development of administrative law (the judicial review of

11_14

governmental and administrative decision making). He was involved in cases which broadened the

11_15

scope of judicial review and established the modern procedure for judicial review, and in

11_16

ground-breaking cases in relation to employment rights, sex and race discrimination, prisoners'

11_17

rights, coroners' inquests, immigration and asylum and freedom of speech. He was counsel in many

11_18

high-profile cases and inquiries, from the death of Blair Peach and the Carl Bridgewater murder

11_19

appeal to the Helen Smith inquest and the contempt hearing against Kenneth Baker, then Home

11_20

Secretary.

11_21

In 1976, Sedley attended, as one of a group of "observers", the "Luanda Trial", sometimes called

11_22

"the Mercenaries' Trial", held by the then recently-victorious MPLA government in Luanda, Angola.

11_23

He became a QC in 1983. He was appointed a High Court judge in 1992, serving in the Queen's Bench

11_24

Division. In 1999 he was appointed to the Court of Appeal as a Lord Justice of Appeal. He was a

11_25

Judge ad hoc of the European Court of Human Rights and a Member ad hoc of the Judicial Committee of

11_26

the Privy Council. His retirement from the Court of Appeal in 2011 coincided with the publication

11_27

of a collection of his essays and lectures.

11_28

Notable judicial opinions

11_29

As a first instance judge, Sedley delivered important judgments in the field of administrative law,

11_30

notably in relation to the concept of legitimate expectation as a ground for judicial review, and

11_31

the duty to give reasons.