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9739_22 | Article XVI-C of the Public School Code requires the disclosure of interscholastic athletic opportunities for all public secondary school entities in Pennsylvania. All school entities with grades 7-12 are required to annually collect data concerning team and financial information for all male and female athletes beginning with the 2012-13 school year and submit the information to the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Beginning with the 2013-14 school year, all non-school (booster club and alumni) contributions and purchases must also be reported to PDE.
According to Pennsylvania’s Safety in Youth Sports Act, all sports coaches, paid and volunteer, are required to annually complete the Concussion Management Certification Training and present the certification before coaching. |
9739_23 | A joint Pennsylvania School Board Association and Pennsylvania State Athletic Directors Association survey, conducted in 2012, found nearly one third (30%) of public school respondents indicated charging individual students $10 to $250, with a statewide average of $65 per-sport.
The Dover Area School District funds:
Boys
Baseball - AAA
Basketball- AAA
Cross Country - AA
Football - AAA
Golf - AAA
Soccer - AA
Swimming and Diving - AA
Tennis - AAA
Track and Field - AAA
Volleyball - AA
Wrestling - AAA
Girls
Basketball - AAAA
Cheer - AAAA
Cross Country - AAA
Field Hockey - AAA
Golf - AAA
Soccer (Fall) - AAA
Softball - AAA
Swimming and Diving - AAA
Girls' Tennis - AAA
Track and Field - AAA
Volleyball - AAA
E-Sports
Intermediate School Sports
Boys
Basketball
Cross Country
Football
Soccer
Wrestling
Girls
Basketball
Cross Country
Field Hockey
Soccer (Fall)
volleyball
According to PIAA directory July 2012 According to PIAA directory July 2013 |
9739_24 | See also
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - ruling against the school district which had required the presentation of "intelligent design" as an alternative to evolution as an "explanation of the origin of life."
References
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Schools in York County, Pennsylvania |
9740_0 | Flashpoint is a 2011 comic book crossover story arc published by DC Comics. Consisting of an eponymous core limited series and a number of tie-in titles, the storyline premiered in May 2011. The core miniseries was written by Geoff Johns and pencilled by Andy Kubert. In its end, the series radically changes the status quo for the DC Universe, leading into the publisher's 2011 relaunch, The New 52.
Flashpoint details an altered DC Universe in which only Barry Allen seems to be aware of significant differences between the regular timeline and the altered one, including Cyborg's place as the world's quintessential hero, much like Superman is in the main timeline, with Superman himself being held captive as a lab-rat by the United States government within an underground facility in Metropolis. In addition, Thomas Wayne is Batman, and a war between Wonder Woman and Aquaman has decimated western Europe. |
9740_1 | Consisting of a 61 issue run, the series crossed over with Booster Gold, sixteen separate three-issue miniseries, and a number of one-shots beginning in June 2011. DC announced that Flash #12 would be the last in the series; a thirteenth issue had been announced for sale on May 25, 2011, but was withdrawn.
The storyline is adapted in the film Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox as well as in the third season of The CW network television series The Flash. Elements of the Flashpoint storyline will be adapted into a feature film adaptation of The Flash as part of the DC Extended Universe. |
9740_2 | Plot
Barry Allen wakes up to discover everything and everyone around him has changed. He is not Flash, nor does he have powers. His mother Nora (deceased in his own timeline) is alive; his father, Henry, died of a heart attack three years ago (alive and in prison in his own timeline). Captain Cold is Central City's greatest hero, the Justice League was never established, and even Superman is seemingly nonexistent.
In Gotham City, Batman throws a criminal off a building. Cyborg and Batman have a conference with a group of superheroes to discuss how Wonder Woman's Amazons have conquered the United Kingdom, while Aquaman's Atlanteans have sunk the rest of Western Europe, and the battle between the two has caused massive death and destruction. America is similarly endangered. The heroes cannot cooperate to find a solution, and the meeting is ended. |
9740_3 | Barry Allen drives to the Batcave, where Batman attacks him. Batman is revealed to be Thomas Wayne—in this timeline his son, Bruce, was killed by the robber instead of his wife and himself. In this timeline, Thomas brutally beat the robber to death for murdering Bruce, and Martha went insane at the loss of her son, becoming the Joker.
In the flooded remains of Paris, Deathstroke captains a pirate ship in search of his daughter. Emperor Aquaman appears and stabs Deathstroke in the chest and attacks Deathstroke's crew (Sonar, Icicle, and Clayface). Sonar is able to remove a piece of the trident from Deathstroke's chest and heal him. |
9740_4 | At Wayne Manor, Barry tries to explain to Thomas about his secret identity as the Flash and his relationship to Bruce Wayne. Barry's memory begins to spontaneously realign itself to the altered timeline and Barry realizes that the world of Flashpoint is not a parallel dimension, but an alternate reality. Barry's ring ejects Eobard Thawne's Reverse-Flash costume and causes Barry to believe that his enemy is responsible for changing history. Barry decides to recreate the accident that gave him his powers in a bid to undo the damage caused by Thawne, but his initial attempt fails and leaves him badly burned. |
9740_5 | In London, Steve Trevor is waiting at a rendezvous for Lois Lane but is attacked by Wonder Woman and the Amazons. Wonder Woman catches him by the neck with her Lasso of Truth and begins interrogating him. He explains that he was hired to extract Lane from New Themyscira because she was sent to gather information on the Amazons for Cyborg. The U.S. president informs Cyborg that Steve Trevor sent a signal to the Resistance but was intercepted because of a traitor among the heroes that Cyborg tried to recruit. Cyborg is relieved of duty as Element Woman sneaks into the headquarters. Meanwhile, in New Themyscira, Lane encounters the Resistance. |
9740_6 | A second attempt at recreating Allen's accident restores his powers and health. He concludes that the Reverse-Flash changed history to prevent the formation of the Justice League. He also learns that Kal-El was taken by Project: Superman. Flash, Batman and Cyborg join the cause to stop Wonder Woman and Aquaman. The three find a pale, weakened Superman at the Project and realize that he may well have been in a containment cell since he was a child—possibly never even seeing a human being before. After being rescued, Superman flies off in seeming fright in the midst of a battle with the guards, leaving the three in the sewers to be rescued by Element Woman. Flash's memories continue to change. |
9740_7 | The president announces Cyborg's failure to unite the world's superheroes and the U.S. enters into the Atlantean-Amazon war. Flash, Batman, Cyborg, and Element Woman ask for the Marvel Family's help and Batman asks Billy to use his lightning to prevent Flash's memories from changing even further. The group hears of the failed air assault on England due to the Amazons' Invisible Plane air force. Hal Jordan, who had not become Green Lantern in this timeline, is the first casualty, and a giant Atlantean-generated tidal wave threatens the rest of New Themyscira. Flash tells Batman that if he fails to stop Thawne, the world will destroy itself. Despite reservations, Batman joins Flash as the group heads off to New Themyscira. Enchantress joins them en route. Wonder Woman and Aquaman are fighting one-on-one until Flash and his team arrive. |
9740_8 | The Marvel Family transforms into Captain Thunder, also transforming Tawky Tawny. Captain Thunder attacks Wonder Woman and appears to be winning until Enchantress reveals herself as the Amazon spy in the Resistance and uses her magic to restore the Marvel Family to their mortal forms. Penthesilea (who was secretly one of the conspirators of the Atlanteans-Amazons war, along with Orm) kills Billy Batson, causing a massive explosion that cripples the opposing forces. |
9740_9 | In the wake of the devastation, Thawne appears in front of Flash. The Reverse-Flash reveals that Flash himself created the Flashpoint timeline by traveling back in time to stop him from killing Barry's mother. Barry pulled the entire Speed Force into himself to stop Thawne, transforming the timeline by shattering the history of his allies. Thawne resets Barry's internal vibrations, enabling him to remember this. According to Thawne, these actions transformed him into a living paradox, no longer requiring Barry to exist and allowing him to kill the Flash without erasing his own existence. Thawne continues to taunt Barry with this knowledge until Batman kills him with an Amazonian sword. |
9740_10 | As the fight continues, Superman arrives and begins to aid the heroes, first by landing hard enough to crush the Enchantress under his feet. Thomas insists that Barry put history back to normal to undo the millions of deaths. Meanwhile, Cyborg detects seismic activity which he claims could destroy the world. Waves start to approach. Now knowing the point of divergence, the Flash restores the timeline. As he enters the timestream, a dying Thomas thanks him for giving his son a second chance and gives Barry a letter addressed to Bruce. Barry then meets with his mother and bids a tearful farewell to her. |
9740_11 | Traveling back in time, Barry merges with his earlier self during the attempt to stop Thawne. While traveling through time, Barry realizes he can see three different timelines — DC (New Earth), Vertigo (Earth-13), and WildStorm (Earth-50). A mysterious hooded figure tells him that the world was split into three to weaken them for an impending threat, and must now be reunited to combat it. The DC, Vertigo, and Wildstorm universes are then merged, but unbeknownst to Barry and the hooded figure (later revealed to be a cursed immortal Pandora), the mentioned threat intervened and removed 10 years of history from DC characters, which created instead a brand new DC Universe. Barry then wakes up in a similar manner to the beginning of Flashpoint, also retaining all his memories from the alternate timeline. Believing that everything is over, Barry remembers Thomas' letter and gives it to Bruce, who is still Batman in this timeline. Bruce, deeply touched by his father's sacrifice to ensure his |
9740_12 | son's life, cries and expresses his gratitude to Barry for informing him of the events that transpired before the timeline was reset. |
9740_13 | Main characters
The Flash
Reverse-Flash
Batman
Cyborg
Titles |
9740_14 | Preludes
Time Masters: Vanishing Point #1–6
The Flash #8–12
Flashpoint main series Flashpoint #1–5Crossover Booster Gold #44–47Mini-series: Several tie-in mini-series were announced via DC's "The Source" Blog and the creative teams were announced in March 2011.Batman-centric: Whatever Happened to Gotham City?
Flashpoint: Batman Knight of Vengeance #1–3, written by Brian Azzarello and drawn by Eduardo Risso.
Flashpoint: Deadman and the Flying Graysons #1–3, written by JT Krul and drawn by Mike Janin with covers by Cliff Chiang.
Villains: Whatever Happened to the World's Greatest Super Villains?
Flashpoint: Citizen Cold #1–3, written and drawn by Scott Kolins.
Flashpoint: Deathstroke & the Curse of the Ravager #1–3, written by Jimmy Palmiotti and drawn by Joe Bennett & John Dell.
Flashpoint: The Legion of Doom #1–3 written by Adam Glass and drawn by Rodeny Buchemi & Jose Marzan with cover by Miguel Sepulveda. |
9740_15 | Flashpoint: The Outsider #1–3, written by James Robinson and drawn by Javi Fernandez with cover by Kevin Nowlan
Green Lantern/Superman: Whatever Happened to the Aliens?
Flashpoint: Abin Sur – The Green Lantern #1–3, written by Adam Schlagman and drawn by Felipe Massafera.
Flashpoint: Project: Superman #1–3, written by Scott Snyder & Lowell Francis and drawn by Gene Ha.
Mystic-centric: Whatever Happened to Science & Magic?
Flashpoint: Frankenstein & the Creatures of the Unknown #1–3, written by Jeff Lemire and drawn by Ibraim Roberson with covers by Doug Mahnke.
Flashpoint: Secret Seven #1–3, written by Peter Milligan and drawn by George Pérez and Scott Koblish
Whatever Happened to Europe?
Flashpoint: Emperor Aquaman #1–3, written by Tony Bedard and drawn by Ardian Syaf & Vicente Cifuentes.
Flashpoint: Wonder Woman and the Furies #1–3, written by Dan Abnett & Andy Lanning and drawn by Scott Clark & David Beaty with covers by Ed Benes. |
9740_16 | Flashpoint: Lois Lane and the Resistance #1–3, written by Dan Abnett & Andy Lanning and drawn by Eddy Nunez & Sandra Hope.
Everything You Know Will Change in a Flash
Flashpoint: Kid Flash Lost #1–3, written by Sterling Gates and drawn by Oliver Nome with covers by Francis Manapul.
Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint #1–3, written by Rex Ogle and drawn by Paulo Siqueira with covers by Shane Davis and Brett Booth.
He Never Got the Ring
Flashpoint: Hal Jordan #1–3, written by Adam Schlagman and drawn by Ben Oliver with covers by Rags Morales.
One-shots
Flashpoint: Grodd of War #1, written by Sean Ryan and drawn by Ug Guara with cover by Francis Manapul
Flashpoint: Reverse-Flash #1, written by Scott Kolins and drawn by Joel Gomez with cover by Ardian Syaf and Vicente Cifuentes
Flashpoint: Green Arrow Industries #1, written by Pornsak Pichetshote and drawn by Mark Castiello with cover by Viktor Kalvachev |
9740_17 | Flashpoint: The Canterbury Cricket #1, written by Mike Carlin and drawn by Rags Morales with cover by Rags Morales |
9740_18 | Collected editions
The series is collected into a number of volumes:
Flashpoint (collects Flashpoint #1–5, 176 pages, softcover, March 13, 2012, hardcover, October 2011, )
Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint Featuring The Flash (collects Grodd of War #1, Kid Flash Lost #1–3, Legion of Doom #1–3, Reverse Flash #1, Citizen Cold #1–3, 256 pages, paperback, March 2012, )
Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint Featuring Wonder Woman (collects Emperor Aquaman #1–3, Outsider #1–3, Lois Lane and the Resistance #1–3, Wonder Woman and the Furies #1–3, 272 pages, paperback, March 2012, )
Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint Featuring Superman (collects World of Flashpoint #1–3, Booster Gold #44–47, The Canterbury Cricket #1, Project Superman #1–3, 256 pages, paperback, March 2012, ) |
9740_19 | Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint Featuring Batman (collects Batman: Knight of Vengeance #1–3, Deadman and the Flying Graysons #1–3, Deathstroke and the Curse of the Ravager #1–3, Secret Seven #1–3, 272 pages, paperback, March 2012, )
Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint Featuring Green Lantern (collects Hal Jordan #1–3, Abin Sur – The Green Lantern #1–3, Frankenstein and the Creatures of the Unknown #1–3, Green Arrow Industries #1, 224 pages, paperback, March 2012, ) |
9740_20 | The prelude titles were also collected:
The Flash Volume 2: The Road to Flashpoint (collects The Flash vol. 3 #8–12, 128 pages, hardcover, October 2011, )
Time Masters: Vanishing Point (collects Time Masters: Vanishing Point #1–6, 144 pages, paperback, April 2011, )
In other media |
9740_21 | Television
Several allusions to Flashpoint are made in The CW's live-action Arrowverse: |
9740_22 | Multiple allusions are made on The Flash television series during the first three seasons. The character Blackout appears in the season one episode "Power Outage". In the episode "Rogue Time", Barry Allen is warned that going back in time to save Nora Allen's life would have a terrible ripple effect on the timeline. In season one's finale "Fast Enough", Barry time travels back to the night of his mother's murder, but is told by his future self not to interfere in the events, and shares a conversation with his dying mother that is similar to the one in the comic. In the season two episode "Enter Zoom", it is revealed that Robert Queen is the vigilante known as the Arrow of Earth-2 instead of Oliver Queen, mirroring Batman's reversal in the comic. In the episode "Rupture", Harry Wells attempts to recreate the accident behind Barry's powers on the de-powered speedster using a method similar to the one featured in the comic. A loose adaptation of Flashpoint begins in season two's finale |
9740_23 | "The Race of His Life". Grief-stricken after Hunter Zolomon/Zoom kills Henry Allen, Barry travels back to 2000 and stops Eobard Thawne/Reverse-Flash from killing Nora, thus radically altering the timeline. In season three's premiere "Flashpoint", Barry has Eobard kept imprisoned in a carbine cell and lives in the new timeline (dubbed 'Flashpoint' by Eobard) for three months with both his parents alive and begins dating Iris West, while Wally West is the Flash. On the other side, Barry discovers that Joe West is a reclusive alcoholic frequently missing shifts at work, Cisco Ramon is a self-centered billionaire tech genius with no interest in helping anyone, and Caitlin Snow is not a biologist but a pediatric ophthalmologist. As in the comic book story, Barry begins losing his memories as the Flashpoint timeline starts to overwrite the timeline he is familiar with. Eobard tries to convince Barry to release him, so they can fix what he did, but Barry refuses to listen and tries to make |
9740_24 | things better by helping Wally stop The Rival. Barry succeeds in stopping the Rival who is killed by Joe, but not before Wally is critically wounded. Realizing Flashpoint's effects are only going to get worse, Barry releases Eobard who kills Nora in 2000 and returns Barry to the corrected 2016, but Eobard leaves a taunting hint that things are not exactly the same, evident by Eobard being alive in 2016 rather than being erased from existence in 2015 due to Eddie Thawne's suicide. In the episode "Paradox", several differences from the original timeline are revealed. Cisco is angry with Barry after Dante Ramon's death in a car accident and Barry refused to go back in time to prevent this. Iris and Joe have a strained relationship after Iris discovered that Joe concealed that Francine West was still alive. John Diggle has a son, John Jr., rather than a daughter, Sara. Julian Albert is a colleague in the forensics department who has been apparently working with for a year. Caitlin has |
9740_25 | been developing metahuman ice powers. Barry attempts to go back and reset the timeline again, but is pulled out the time stream by Jay Garrick. Acting as a stern mentor, Jay explains time travel consequences by comparing the timeline to a broken coffee cup – it will never be completely the same even after it has been repaired. Jay advises that Barry must live with the mistakes of Flashpoint and move forward. When Barry reveals the timeline changes, the others gradually forgive and help battle enemies from Flashpoint timeline due to Doctor Alchemy. |
9740_26 | The episode "Armageddon, Part 4" revealed that Eobard Thawne created a Reverse-Flashpoint where he was Flash and Barry was Reverse-Flash. In this timeline, Reverse-Flash assisted Damien Darhk in killing Ray Palmer, Nate Heywood, Sara Lance, most of the Legends, and Cisco Ramon, Joe West was knocked onto the train tracks in front of a moving train by Reverse-Flash, Ryan Choi became the new Atom, Frost and Mark Blaine are dating, Allegra Garcia and Chester P. Runk used to date which didn't work out and noted after a devastating fight with the Legion of Doom, Damien's daughter Nora Darhk has died at some point, and Ryan Wilder and Sophie Moore are married where they plan to adopt a child. Investigating what Despero meant that he would cause Armageddon, Flash goes to the year 2030 where he learns of the changes and his role in the Reverse-Flashpoint. With help from the Reverse-Flashpoint Darhk, Barry had to run at the speeds to undo the Reverse-Flashpoint with Thawne right behind him. |
9740_27 | While Darhk coordinated him while fighting Frost, Chillblaine, Atom, and Sentinel, Barry was able to undo the Reverse-Flashpoint while also undoing the torture that Despero did on Team Flash. |
9740_28 | The Flashpoint timeline's fallout continued in season two of Legends of Tomorrow. A temporal clone of Eobard Thawne works with Damien Darhk, Malcolm Merlyn and Leonard Snart to change their histories by acquiring the Spear of Destiny to rewrite reality and avert their respective demises/deaths and Eobard's erasure from history. This eventually ends with Eobard getting caught by the Black Flash and being wiped from existence again. |
9740_29 | Film
The 2013 DC Universe Animated Original Movie entitled Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox closely adapts the Flashpoint comic's story. Similar to the comic launching The New 52, the film served to launch a shared universe of fifteen DC animated films released between 2013 and 2020. Among the differences is the prologue with the Justice League helping the Flash defeat the Rogues, the implication that Eobard Thawne is not Nora Allen's killer, Enchantress not betraying Cyborg's Resistance, and Lex Luthor being a part of Deathstroke's crew of pirates. |
9740_30 | In Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, John Constantine reads Flash's mind to learn about the "Flashpoint" incident. Following the defeat of Darkseid and Batman stating that Earth lost 31% of its molten core, Constantine asks Flash to travel back in time to trigger another Flashpoint and restart the timeline over again so that the current state of things will be erased. Barry replies that he promised his wife Iris not to do it again. Constantine assures him that, though certain changes will not be good, it will still be much better than their bleak predicament. Flash resolves to follow through and runs off into the Speed Force, and the surviving Justice League watch as a white dome of light resets reality. |
9740_31 | Elements of the Flashpoint storyline are planned to be incorporated for the DC Extended Universe film The Flash. The film is to be directed by Andy Muschietti, from a screenplay by Christina Hodson, with Ezra Miller reprising the role of The Flash and Ben Affleck and Michael Keaton reprising their respective roles of Batman, with the film also set to debut the DC Cinematic Multiverse. The film is scheduled to be released in theaters on November 4, 2022. |
9740_32 | Video games
The 2013 video game Injustice: Gods Among Us had Flashpoint-inspired designs of Batman, Aquaman, Wonder Woman and Deathstroke as downloadable content.
The 2015 video game Batman: Arkham Knight had Batman's Flashpoint design for Batman as downloadable content.
The 2017 video game Injustice 2 featured the Flashpoint version of Wonder Woman making a cameo in Green Arrow's alternate ending as a member of the multiverse Justice League.
The 2011 video game DC Universe Online launched it's 40th episode, "World of Flashpoint" in 2021, featuring Queen Wonder Woman, Emperor Aquaman, Batman (Thomas Wayne), and the Flash.
References
Apocalyptic comics
Flash (comics)
Comics about time travel
Crossover comics
Comics by Geoff Johns
Reboot comics
Comics about multiple time paths
Dystopian comics
Comic book reboots
Comics adapted into films |
9741_0 | Shane Taylor Carle (born August 30, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies and Atlanta Braves.
Career
Pittsburgh Pirates
Carle attended Scotts Valley High School in Scotts Valley, California and played college baseball at Cabrillo College and California State University, Long Beach. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the tenth round of the 2013 Major League Baseball Draft. He signed and made his professional debut with the Jamestown Jammers and spent the whole season there, going 1-0 with a 2.15 ERA in 50.1 innings. In 2014, he played for the West Virginia Power and Bradenton Marauders where he compiled a 4-8 record and 3.67 ERA in 27 games (23 starts). |
9741_1 | Colorado Rockies
On November 11, 2014 Carle was traded to the Colorado Rockies for Rob Scahill. He spent the 2015 season with the New Britain Rock Cats where he was 14-7 with a 3.48 ERA in 26 starts. He also pitched in one game for the Albuquerque Isotopes at the beginning of the season. In 2016, he pitched for Albuquerque where he pitched to a 5-8 record and 5.42 ERA in 27 games (19 starts). The Rockies added him to their 40-man roster after the 2016 season.
Carle began 2017 with the Isotopes and debuted at the major league level on April 14, 2017. He was sent back down three days later and recalled twice more on August 5 and September 5. In 36 games for the Isotopes he was 3-5 with a 5.37 ERA, and in four innings pitched for the Rockies, he compiled a 6.75 ERA.
Second stint with Pirates
On January 4, 2018, Carle was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was designated for assignment on January 14, 2018. |
9741_2 | Atlanta Braves
On January 16, 2018, the Pirates traded Carle to the Atlanta Braves for a player to be named later or cash considerations. Carle made the Opening Day roster, and began the season in Atlanta's bullpen. He claimed his first major league victory on April 3, 2018, pitching innings in relief of Julio Teherán. Carle made the Braves' Opening Day roster for a second time in 2019. While pitching against the Philadelphia Phillies on March 30, 2019, Carle hit Rhys Hoskins with a pitch, after the previous batter, Bryce Harper, had hit a home run. Home plate umpire Rob Drake promptly ejected Carle from the game. On July 24, 2019, Carle was designated for assignment. |
9741_3 | Texas Rangers
On July 25, 2019, Carle was traded to the Texas Rangers in exchange for cash considerations. On August 23, Carle was designated for assignment. He was outrighted to the Triple-A Nashville Sounds, where he finished the year. Carle did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Carle was released by the Rangers organization on June 1, 2020.
Cincinnati Reds
On February 11, 2021, Carle signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds organization that included an invitation to Spring Training. He was assigned to the Triple-A Louisville Bats to begin the season. After posting a 3.45 ERA in 19 appearances, Carle exercised his contract option for free agency and was released on July 1. |
9741_4 | Seattle Mariners
On July 3, 2021, Carle signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners organization and was assigned to the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers. He logged 2 scoreless innings in as many appearances with Tacoma before being released by the Mariners on July 14.
Arizona Diamondbacks
On July 18, 2021, Carle signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks organization. In 6 games for the Triple-A Reno Aces, Carle struggled to a 10.80 ERA with 4 strikeouts. On August 9, Carle was released by the Diamondbacks.
References
External links |
9741_5 | 1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santa Cruz, California
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
Colorado Rockies players
Atlanta Braves players
Cabrillo Seahawks baseball players
Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball players
Jamestown Jammers players
West Virginia Power players
Bradenton Marauders players
New Britain Rock Cats players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Salt River Rafters players
Gwinnett Stripers players
Nashville Sounds players |
9742_0 | The New Orleans metropolitan area, designated the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, or simply Greater New Orleans, is a metropolitan statistical area designated by the United States Census Bureau encompassing eight Louisiana parishes—the equivalent of counties in other U.S. states—centered on the city of New Orleans. The population of Greater New Orleans was 1,271,845 in 2020, up from 1,189,166 at the 2010 United States census. According to 2017 census estimates, the broader New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area (CSA) had a population of 1,510,562. |
9742_1 | The New Orleans metropolitan area was hit by Hurricane Katrina—once a category 5 hurricane, but a category 3 storm at landfall—on August 29, 2005. Within the city of New Orleans proper, multiple breaches and structural failures occurred in the system of levees and flood walls designed under federal government auspices. The city of New Orleans experienced a steep population decline after the hurricane.
The resulting decline in the city's population negatively impacted population numbers for the entire metropolitan area, which had a population of 1.3 million as recorded in the 2000 United States census. Most of the decline in population is accounted for by the decline experienced in the city of New Orleans proper (coterminous with Orleans Parish); the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the city's population dropped from 453,728 prior to the storm (July 1, 2005) to 389,476, the estimate for 2020. |
9742_2 | Economically, the Greater New Orleans area is one of the largest commercial hubs for Louisiana and borders the second largest economically-important area, Greater Baton Rouge. There is one Fortune 500 company in the area, Entergy. The largest companies operating in the New Orleans metropolitan area are Globalstar, AT&T, GE Capital, and the Port of New Orleans. Home to some of Louisiana's most-visited tourist destinations, tourists have spent over $10.05 billion in 2019.
Geography
For U.S. census purposes, the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area includes eight parishes: Jefferson, Orleans (coterminous with the city of New Orleans), Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist and St. Tammany.
The U.S. Census Bureau's CSA (combined statistical area) adds Tangipahoa and Washington parishes, to make ten parishes. |
9742_3 | According to the New Orleans region's chamber of commerce, GNO, Inc. (formerly Metrovision), the region boasts a civilian labor force of over 650,000 and there are over 65,000 students enrolled in the region's nine universities and eight community/technical colleges.
The Louisiana State Legislature created a commission (the Regional Planning Commission) to be responsible for the planning and development of the New Orleans metropolitan area. The eight parishes covered by the commission are: Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa.
Each parish within the New Orleans metropolitan area and New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical areas lie on a very low sea level elevation, though further inland near the Mississippi border its area above sea level increases to 371 feet.
Principal communities
Principal city
New Orleans |
9742_4 | Satellite cities (Places with over 50,000 inhabitants)
Kenner
Metairie, unincorporated community
Places between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants
Belle Chasse
Chalmette
Covington
Destrehan
Estelle
Gretna
Hammond
Harvey
Jefferson
LaPlace
Luling
Mandeville
Marrero
Meraux
River Ridge
Slidell
Terrytown
Timberlane
Woodmere
Places with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants
Abita Springs
Ama
Arabi
Avondale
Barataria
Boutte
Bridge City
Eden Isle
Edgard
Elmwood
Folsom
Garyville
Hahnville
Harahan
Jean Lafitte
Lacombe
Lafitte
Madisonville
Montz
New Sarpy
Norco
Paradis
Pearl River
Ponchatoula
Poydras
Reserve
Saint Rose
Violet
Waggaman
Westwego
Demographics |
9742_5 | The New Orleans metropolitan area was first defined in 1950. Then known as the New Orleans standard metropolitan area (New Orleans SMA), it consisted of three parishes—Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard–and had a population of 685,405. Following a term change by the Bureau of the Budget (present-day U.S. Office of Management and Budget), the New Orleans SMA was called the New Orleans standard metropolitan statistical area (New Orleans SMSA). By the census of 1960, the population had grown to 868,480, a 27% increase over the previous census.
St. Tammany Parish was added the New Orleans SMSA in 1963. The four-parish area had a combined population of 899,123 in 1960 and 1,045,809 in 1970. By the 1980 census, the population had increased by 14% to 1,187,073. |
9742_6 | In 1983, the official name was changed to the New Orleans metropolitan statistical area (New Orleans MSA). Two more parishes, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, were added to the metropolitan area the same year, making a six-parish MSA. The newly defined area had a total of 1,256,256 residents in 1980, but that number had declined to 1,238,816 in 1990.
The New Orleans MSA expanded to eight parishes in 1993 with the inclusion of Plaquemines and St. James. The eight-parish area had a combined population of 1,285,270 at the 1990 census and 1,337,726 in 2000.
The MSA was renamed the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area in 2003. St. James Parish was removed, and in 2015, re-added to the defined metropolitan area. |
9742_7 | At the 2010 U.S. census, the metropolitan statistical area's population grew to 1,189,166. The overall racial composition of the New Orleans metropolitan area was as follows: White 58.2% (non-Hispanic White) 52.4%, Black or African American 32.5%, American Indian 0.8%, Asian 3.5%, some other race 2.8%, two or more races 2.0%, and Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 8.6%. For those under 18, the majority are minority, with only 45.2% being non-Hispanic whites. |
9742_8 | The 2019 U.S. census estimates determined the New Orleans metropolitan area's population stood at 1,270,530. In 2020, its population increased to 1,271,845. Of the metropolitan population, 485,267 households made up the area with an average of 2.6 persons per household. An estimated 50% of households were married couples, 7% had a male householder with no female present, 23% female with no male householder present, and 19% non-family households. Roughly 43% of the metropolitan population was married and 57% were unmarried. The Greater New Orleans unmarried population included 40% males and 36% females never married. |
9742_9 | In 2019, there were 561,747 housing units and 63% were owner-occupied. Nearly 70% of the households were single unit households, 28% were multi-units and approximately 3% were mobile homes. The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $211,900, about 25% higher than the amount in Louisiana at the time ($172,100). At the 2019 estimates 47% of housing units were from under $100,000 to $100,000 to $200,000. The New Orleans metropolitan area gained 12.5% of move-ins since 2018. |
9742_10 | Greater New Orleans had a racial makeup of 51% White Americans, 35% Blacks or African Americans, 3% Asians, 2% from two or more races, and 9% Hispanic or Latinos of any race. The area's median age was 39 and the population made up 52% females and 48% males. Almost 8% of the population were foreign-born with the majority of origins from Latin America and Asia. The predominant language spoken among the racial and ethnic makeup is English only, followed by Spanish. Greater New Orleans residents had an estimated per capita income of $31,889 and median household income of $55,710. Roughly 16.4% of the metropolis lived at or below the poverty line.
Combined statistical area
The New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area (CSA) is made up of ten parishes. The CSA includes two metropolitan areas and twomicropolitan area. |
9742_11 | Components
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
Hammond (Tangipahoa Parish)
New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner MSA: (Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany, and St. James parishes). St. James was added to the New Orleans MSA in 2015.
Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs)
Bogalusa (Washington Parish)
Picayune (Pearl River County) |
9742_12 | Demographics
At the 2019 American Community Survey, the combined statistical area had a population of 1,507,017. The racial and ethnic makeup of the combined statistical area was 54% White, 33% Black or African American, 3% Asian, 2% from two or more races, and 8% Hispanic or Latino of any race. It had a median household income of $53,766 and per capita income of $30,533. There were 572,520 households and 667,185 housing units. The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $202,000 and 6.7% of CSA's population were foreign-born. Over 60% of the New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area's foreign-born population were from Latin America. In 2019, 17.3% of the CSA lived at or below the poverty line.
Economy
Greater New Orleans is home to one of the busiest ports in the world. Greater New Orleans' single Fortune 500 company is Entergy. |
9742_13 | Other companies headquartered in the area include, Globalstar, Textron, Receivables Exchange, Tidewater Marine, and Intralox. Other companies with large operations in the New Orleans MSA include DXC Technology, Folgers, AT&T, and GE Capital to name a few.
The New Orleans area has 88% of the nation's oil rigs off its coast, and is in the top three in the country in oil and gas production. The metropolis boasts a civilian labor force of over 650,000 and there are over 65,000 students enrolled in the region's nine universities and eight community/technical colleges as well as thriving film, technology and healthcare industries. In 2018, New Orleans was documented for its growing technology sector. |
9742_14 | Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport hosts 15 airlines, 54 nonstop flights, and connects to all U.S. hubs; a new, ground-up terminal opened November 6, 2019. The Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River operates in the area with more than $296 million capital infrastructure investment for quick container turnaround and increased capacity. |
9742_15 | Industrial projects, especially in St. James Parish, were estimated to help the New Orleans metro area add 4,600 jobs in 2018 and 7,600 in 2019, according to an annual economic forecast. The Greater New Orleans economy also benefits from expansions in the health care sector and the National World War II Museum, as well as airport construction. Formosa Petrochemicals' $9.4 billion complex in St. James Parish and Venture Global's $8.5 billion liquefied natural gas export facility at the Port of Plaquemines were planned yet Formosa's construction delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A long-delayed $1.1 billion University Medical Center and the $1 billion Veterans Affairs Medical Center were constructed for the Greater New Orleans metropolitan region.
Sports
Media
Television
HDTV channels are in green.
†Indicates analog low power station
Radio
AM radio
FM radio
Internet radio
Infrastructure
Transportation |
9742_16 | Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport is located to the west of downtown, in the city of Kenner. The airport is currently served by fifteen airlines. Domestic nonstop service is provided to Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Birmingham, Boston, Branson, Charlotte, Chicago (O'Hare and Midway), Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas (DFW and Love Field), Denver, Detroit, Ft. Lauderdale, Houston (Bush Intercontinental and Hobby), Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Nashville, New York (JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark), Oakland, Orlando (Orlando International and Sanford), Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa, and Washington DC (Reagan National and Dulles). International nonstop service is provided to London, Frankfurt, Cancun, Punta Cana, Panama City, and Toronto. |
9742_17 | Major highways in the area include Interstate 10, Interstate 12, Interstate 610, Interstate 310, Interstate 510, Interstate 55, and Interstate 59, as well as U.S. Highway 90 and U.S. Highway 61. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, a span that is the world's longest bridge over water, connects Metairie (on the south shore) to Mandeville on the North Shore.
Metropolitan New Orleans is served by six of the seven Class 1 freight railroads operating in North America. Passenger train service is provided by Amtrak on the Crescent, City of New Orleans, and Sunset Limited routes.
The Port of New Orleans is the 3rd-largest port in the United States, as measured by total bulk tonnage exported. According to the same source, the adjoining Port of South Louisiana is the largest port in the United States when measured by the same factor. |
9742_18 | Should metropolitan New Orleans appear to be threatened by a severe hurricane, the Louisiana State Police are prepared to enact a contraflow lane reversal program in order to evacuate the metropolitan area as quickly as possible.
Flood control
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for the design and construction of Greater New Orleans' flood protection system. In 2007, Louisiana voters created a new Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority (SLFPA) to coordinate with the Corps of Engineers regarding flood protection issues.
Bonnet Carré Spillway
Mississippi Valley Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers
See also
New Orleans, Louisiana
Intrastate regions
Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and Reconstruction of New Orleans
Louisiana census statistical areas
List of cities, towns, and villages in Louisiana
List of census-designated places in Louisiana
References
External links
New Orleans Regional Planning Commission |
9742_19 | Regions of Louisiana
Geography of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Geography of Orleans Parish, Louisiana
Geography of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana
Geography of St. James Parish, Louisiana
pl:Wielki Nowy Orlean |
9743_0 | No. 76 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) flight training squadron. Established in 1942, it operated P-40 Kittyhawk fighter aircraft in the South West Pacific theatre during World War II. Following the end of hostilities it re-equipped with P-51 Mustangs and formed part of Australia's contribution to the occupation of Japan until disbanding in 1948. The squadron was re-formed in 1949 and three years later transferred to Malta, where it operated de Havilland Vampire jet fighters on garrison duty until again disbanding in 1955. It was reactivated in 1960 and operated CAC Sabre and Dassault Mirage III fighters in Australia until 1973. No. 76 Squadron was re-formed in its present incarnation in 1989 and is currently stationed at RAAF Base Williamtown, New South Wales, where it operates Hawk 127 jet training aircraft.
History |
9743_1 | Milne Bay and northern Australia
No. 76 Squadron was formed at Archerfield Airport, Queensland, on 14 March 1942 as the RAAF's second squadron equipped with P-40E Kittyhawk fighters (the first being No. 75 Squadron). Led by Squadron Leader Peter Jeffrey, it moved to Weir Strip near Townsville in mid-April to continue training. During April seven of No. 76 Squadron's P-40s were ferried to Port Moresby and handed over to No. 75 Squadron, which was suffering heavy losses while defending the town from Japanese air attacks. On 1 and 13 May No. 76 Squadron Kittyhawks were scrambled to intercept Japanese aircraft near Townsville but did not make contact with the intruders. The squadron completed its training in June, by which time it had received its full complement of 24 fighters and 38 pilots. |
9743_2 | The squadron deployed to the front lines of the New Guinea Campaign during July 1942. Its advance party left Townsville for its new base at Milne Bay early in the month, and the fighters departed on 19 July. No. 76 Squadron flew its first combat mission on 22 July when its new commanding officer, Squadron Leader Peter Turnbull, led a force of six Kittyhawks from Port Moresby to attack Japanese positions near Gona. No. 75 Squadron also arrived at Milne Bay on 31 July. Conditions at Milne Bay were extremely difficult as the squadron's airfield was not finished, living and maintenance facilities were almost non-existent and high rainfall meant that any aircraft which ran off the runways and taxiways became bogged in mud. No. 76 Squadron aircraft intercepted Japanese raids on Milne Bay on 4 and 11 August. |
9743_3 | During late August and early September No. 75 and No. 76 Squadrons were involved in the Battle of Milne Bay. On 25 August No. 76 Squadron aircraft bombed a Japanese naval convoy which was approaching the area. While this attack damaged several ships, the force continued on and landed troops at Milne Bay on the night of 25/26 August. From dawn the next day the two Kittyhawk squadrons were heavily engaged with attacking Japanese positions and intercepting Japanese air raids on the area. On 28 August the Kittyhawks were withdrawn to Port Moresby when the Japanese troops came close to their airstrips, but they returned to Milne Bay the next day. No. 75 and No. 76 Squadrons supported the Allied counter-offensive at Milne Bay which ended with the remaining Japanese troops being evacuated in early September. The squadron flew 220 sorties between 26 and 5 September but suffered a heavy blow when Squadron Leader Turnbull was shot down and killed on 27 August. Turnbull was replaced by Squadron |
9743_4 | Leader Keith Truscott that day. Following the battle Lieutenant General Sydney Rowell, the commander of New Guinea Force, stated that the attacks made by the two squadrons on the day of the Japanese landing were "the decisive factor" in the Allied victory. No. 76 Squadron was relieved by two United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) squadrons on 21 September and began moving to the Darwin area of northern Australia the next day. |
9743_5 | No. 76 Squadron completed its movement to Strauss Airfield south of Darwin in early October and became part of the force responsible for defending the area against Japanese air raids on military facilities and Allied shipping. It conducted relatively little flying during October due to shortages of equipment and a high sickness rate from malaria, however. The squadron's flying effort increased in November and December and in January 1943 it was scrambled to intercept several Japanese raids. During one of these attacks Squadron Leader Truscott shot down a Japanese Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bomber on 21 January. The Supermarine Spitfire-equipped No. 1 Wing RAAF began to arrive in the Darwin area in January and at the end of the month No. 76 Squadron was transferred to Onslow, Western Australia. The ship carrying the squadron's personnel and equipment arrived at Onslow on 5 February and were unloaded the next day, but on the 12th of the month the squadron moved the nearby "Potshot" airfield |
9743_6 | as there was insufficient water at Onslow to supply the unit. No. 76 Squadron conducted patrols from Potshot and Onslow during March and April to protect the United States Navy facility in the area, though these were marred by Squadron Leader Truscott's death in a flying accident on 28 March. On 27 April the squadron received orders to move to Bankstown Airport in Sydney to be reequipped with more advanced P-40M Kittyhawks. It was relieved at Potshot by a flight of CAC Boomerang fighters from No. 85 Squadron. |
9743_7 | Offensive operations |
9743_8 | The squadron took delivery of 24 P-40Ms on 8 May and after a period of training was deployed to Goodenough Island in late June 1943, where it became part of No. 73 Wing. This wing formed part of No. 9 Operational Group, which was a mobile formation tasked with supporting Allied offensives in New Guinea and nearby islands. As a result, No. 76 Squadron was continuously in action until the end of the war and was mainly employed in fighter sweeps and ground attack missions as few Japanese aircraft were encountered. No. 73 Wing moved to Kiriwina between August and early September, and the squadron became operational there on 10 September. No. 76 Squadron took part in attacks on the airfield at Gasmata between September and December and on 15 December was part of the force which provided air cover for the United States Army landing at Arawe on the south coast of New Britain. The squadron's activities during December were so intensive that it had to reduce its training program. |
9743_9 | No. 76 Squadron continued to support Allied operations around New Guinea during 1944. On 17 January it took part in an attack on a Japanese camp near Lindenhafen, New Britain which involved 73 aircraft and was the largest RAAF operation to that point in the war. Several weeks later, No. 73 Wing, which at the time comprised the Kittyhawk-equipped No. 76 and No. 77 Squadrons as well as the Spitfire-equipped No. 79 Squadron, was selected to garrison the Admiralty Islands for 90 days after they were captured in the Admiralty Islands campaign. US Army troops from the 1st Cavalry Division began landing on these islands on 29 February and No. 76 Squadron arrived there on 9 March. The squadron subsequently provided fighter cover and close air support for the Allied forces in the area alongside the rest of No. 73 Wing. There was no need for fighter protection of this area by August and No. 76 Squadron was transferred to No. 81 Wing, which also comprised No. 77 and No. 82 Squadrons and was part |
9743_10 | of No. 10 Group. No. 76 and No. 77 Squadrons completed their movement to Noemfoor on 13 September where they were concentrated with the rest of the wing. From mid October No. 10 Group attacked Japanese positions in western New Guinea and the eastern islands of the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) to support the United States landing at Leyte in the Philippines. No. 81 Wing concentrated on New Guinea while No. 78 Wing's three Kittyhawk-equipped squadrons struck targets in the other islands. On 25 November, No. 10 Group was renamed the First Tactical Air Force (1TAF). |
9743_11 | The squadron remained at Noemfoor until April 1945 when it moved forward to Morotai in the NEI ahead of participating in the Australian-led Borneo Campaign. In mid-May it moved again to Sanga Sanga airfield in the Sulu Archipelago to provide fighter cover over the island of Tarakan, where Australian troops had landed on 1 May. The squadron flew patrols over Tarakan every day, weather permitting, until the end of the month. No. 76 Squadron also struck Sandakan and Kudat on the north coast of Borneo on several occasions, including a particularly successful attack against Sandakan on 27 May which was made in cooperation with United States Navy PT boats. The squadron's aircraft returned to Morotai on 13 June to free up space at Sanga Sanga for USAAF P-38 Lightnings, but on 17 June they began to move to the island of Labuan to support Australian forces engaged in the Battle of North Borneo. The rest of No. 81 Wing, which had been reinforced with the Spitfire-equipped No. 457 Squadron, was |
9743_12 | subsequently concentrated at Labuan and operated over Borneo until the end of the war in August. No. 76 Squadron's last mission of the war was flown on 14 August, one day before the Japanese surrender. The squadron suffered 22 fatalities during the war. |
9743_13 | Cold War
Following the end of the war No. 81 Wing was selected to form the main body of the RAAF's contribution to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan. During August and September 1945 personnel who had not volunteered for this duty left No. 76 Squadron and it was re-equipped with P-51 Mustang fighters. The wing's ground party left Labuan by sea on 11 February 1946 and No. 76 Squadron became the first BCOF squadron to arrive in Japan on 9 March when it landed at Iwakuni. The squadron moved to No. 81 Wing's permanent base at Bofu two days later. During the occupation of Japan No. 81 Wing flew uneventful surveillance patrols over BCOF's sector of the country. In February 1948 No. 76 Squadron moved to Iwakuni where it was disbanded on 29 October 1948 as part of a reduction in the RAAF strength in Japan. |
9743_14 | No. 76 Squadron was re-formed at RAAF Base Williamtown on 24 January 1949. The squadron was again equipped with Mustangs, but a shortage of personnel and aircraft meant that it was unable to operate effectively until mid-1950. The Mustangs were replaced with de Havilland Vampire jet fighters in either late 1951 or early 1952. In March 1952 the Australian Government decided to re-form No. 78 Wing and deploy it to Malta where it would form part of a British force which sought to counter Soviet-influence in the Middle East. No. 75 and No. 76 Squadrons were selected to form the wing's flying units, and they arrived at RAF Hal Far in Malta during July 1952 and were equipped with Vampires leased from the Royal Air Force (RAF). While based at Malta the wing took part in numerous training exercises in the Mediterranean region as well as Europe, including a large-scale NATO exercise in 1953 which involved 2,000 aircraft and 40,000 personnel. In addition, the wing participated in a royal review |
9743_15 | to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. No. 78 Wing moved to the RAF station at Ta' Qali in June 1953 where it remained until it returned to Australia in late December 1954. No. 76 Squadron arrived back at Williamtown in February 1955 and was disbanded on 16 March that year. |
9743_16 | The squadron was re-established at Williamtown on 11 January 1960. It was initially equipped with Vampires, but received more modern CAC Sabres in May 1961. The squadron later formed two aerobatic teams called the Red Diamonds and Black Panthers which took part in air shows and other public events. No. 76 Squadron was re-equipped again with Mirage III fighters in either 1966 or 1968. In 1968 the squadron made a deployment to Darwin to bolster the town's air defences. It continued to use its Mirage IIIs for air defence and ground attack roles until the squadron was disbanded on 24 August 1973 as part of a reduction in the size of the RAAF following Australia's withdrawal from the Vietnam War.
Current role |
9743_17 | On 1 January 1989 No. 76 Squadron was formed again at Williamtown as a training unit equipped with Aermacchi MB-326 jets and CAC Winjeel forward air control aircraft. The Aermacchi MB-326s were used to provide jet aircraft training for pilots who had been selected to fly F/A-18 Hornet or F-111 aircraft as well as to support Army and Royal Australian Navy exercises. The Winjeels were used for forward air control tasks and had previously been operated by No. 4 Forward Air Control Flight before becoming 'C' Flight of No. 76 Squadron upon its formation. In 1995 the Winjeels were replaced with modified Pilatus PC-9 trainers. The squadron's forward air control function and aircraft were transferred to the Forward Air Control Development Unit in 2002. |
9743_18 | No. 76 Squadron currently forms part of No. 78 Wing and remains at Williamtown. It began to be re-equipped with Hawk 127 jets in October 2000 and had 18 of these aircraft in 2010. The squadron is organised into two flights. Training Flight provides introductory fighter training to pilots who have been trained to operate jet aircraft by No. 79 Squadron. After completing this course the pilots are posted to either No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit to be converted to F/A-18A aircraft or No. 6 Squadron to learn to fly F/A-18F Super Hornets. Operations Flight provides close air support training for the Army and fleet support training for the Navy. A program to modernise all of the RAAF's Hawks to a similar standard to the Royal Air Force's Hawk T.2 aircraft began in 2014, and No. 76 Squadron is scheduled to receive the first upgraded aircraft. It is planned that the squadron will begin delivering training courses using these modernised aircraft by early 2017.
Notes
References |
9743_19 | 76
76
Flying training squadrons
Military units and formations established in 1942 |
9744_0 | Avid Radiopharmaceuticals is an American company, founded by Dr. Daniel Skovronsky, and based at the University City Science Center research campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company has developed a radioactive tracer called florbetapir (18F). Florbetapir can be used to detect beta amyloid plaques in patients with memory problems using positron emission tomography (PET) scans, making the company the first to bring to market an FDA-approved method that can directly detect this hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Eli Lilly and Company announced on November 8, 2010, that they would acquire Avid for $800 million, with $300 million paid out up front and the balance paid later on. |
9744_1 | Detection of Alzheimer's disease
Since the disease was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, the only certain way to determine if a person indeed had the disease was to perform an autopsy on the patient's brain to find distinctive spots on the brain that show the buildup of amyloid plaque. Doctors must diagnose the disease in patients with memory loss and dementia based on symptoms, and as many as 20% of patients diagnosed with the disease are found after examination of the brain following death to not have had the condition. Other diagnostic tools, such as analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging scans looking for brain shrinkage and PET scans looking at how glucose was used in the brain, had all been unreliable. |
9744_2 | Avid built on research done by William Klunk and Chester Mathis who had developed a substance called Pittsburgh compound B as a means of detecting amyloid plaque, after analyzing 400 prospective compounds and developing 300 variations of the substance that they had discovered might work. In 2002, a study performed in Sweden on Alzheimer's patients was able to detect the plaque in PET brain scans. Later studies on a control group member without the disease did not find plaque, confirming the reliability of the compound in diagnosis. While the tool worked, Pittsburgh compound B relies on the use of carbon-11, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 20 minutes that requires the immediate use of the material prepared in a cyclotron. |
9744_3 | Dr. Skovronsky established Avid Radiopharmaceuticals in July 2005 with the goal of finding a dye that could be injected into the body, would cross the blood–brain barrier and attach itself to amyloid protein deposits in the brain. The firm raised $500,000 from BioAdvance, the Biotechnology Greenhouse of Southeastern Pennsylvania, as seed funding. Once they found a candidate dye, they attached the positron-emitting fluorine-18, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of nearly two hours that is used annually in two million PET scans and that can last for as long as a day when prepared in the morning by cyclotron. The dye had been developed and patented by the University of Pennsylvania and was licensed by Avid. |
9744_4 | Initial tests in 2007 on a patient at Johns Hopkins University Hospital previously diagnosed with symptoms of Alzheimer's disease detected plaque in a PET scan in areas where it was typically found in the brain. Further tests found that the scans detected plaque in patients with Alzheimer's, didn't find it in those without the diagnosis and found intermediate amounts in patients with early signs of dementia. The tests found amyloid plaque in 20% of its test patients over age 60 that had been in the normal range, but had performed worse than a control group on tests of mental acuity. |
9744_5 | Validation by autopsy
In order to confirm if the dye was accurate in detecting Alzheimer's, an advisory committee at the Food and Drug Administration demanded that the team of Avid, Bayer and General Electric perform a study to test their method. Avid established a study with a group of 35 hospice patients, some that had been diagnosed with dementia and others that had no memory problems. The participants and their families agreed that they would undergo the PET scans and would have their brains autopsied after their death by pathologists. After the study was conducted, Avid received confirmation in May 2010 that the results of the test were successful in distinguishing between those with Alzheimer's and those without the disease. |
9744_6 | In results presented in July 2010 to an international conference on Alzheimer's disease held in Hawaii, the company showed that for 34 out of the 35 hospice patients who had been scanned, the initial scan results were confirmed when pathologists counted plaque under a microscope and when a computerized scan of the plaque was performed on material from the autopsied brain. The findings will require review by the FDA to confirm its reliability as a means of diagnosing the disease. If confirmed, the technique would provide a means to reliably diagnose and monitor the progress of Alzheimer's and would allow potential pharmaceutical treatments to be evaluated. |
9744_7 | In a study published in January 2011 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Avid reported on the results of further studies conducted based on 152 test subjects who had agreed to receive the company's PET scans and to have their brains analyzed after death for definitive determination of the presence of amyloid plaques. Of the patients included in the study, 29 who died had autopsies performed on their brains and in all but one the brain autopsy results matched the diagnosis based on the PET scan taken before death. Avid's technique is being used to test the efficacy of Alzheimer's disease treatments being developed by other pharmaceutical firms as a means of determining the ability of the drugs to reduce the buildup of amyloid protein in the brains of living subjects. |
9744_8 | On January 20, 2011, an FDA advisory committee unanimously recommended that Avid's PET scan technique be approved for use. The advisory committee included a qualification requiring the firm to develop clear guidelines establishing when the tests had spotted enough of the amyloid plaque in order to make a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, a task that Avid CEO Skovronsky stated could be resolved in several months.
Other Radiopharmaceuticals
Avid is sponsoring clinical trials of [18F]AV-133 (or [18F]Fluoropropyl-(+)-DTBZ) to identify subjects with dopaminergic degeneration.
See also
Nuclear medicine
List of PET radiotracers
References
External links
Company website
Alzheimer's disease research
Pharmaceutical companies established in 2005
Biotechnology companies established in 2005
Companies based in Philadelphia
Radiocontrast agents |
9745_0 | Events in the year 1921 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
President
Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats)
Chancellor
Constantin Fehrenbach (Centre) to 4 May, then from 10 May Joseph Wirth (Centre)
Overview
In 1921 German political life had not yet recovered from the shock caused by the overthrow of a form of government deeply rooted in the history of the people. The newly empowered Reichstag was prey to wild party strife, which made the formation of a stable government difficult. The political troubles in addition to the continuing economic strife caused by the Treaty of Versailles's economic provisions (especially war reparations) caused a fatigue in the German psyche. However, in spite of assaults, both from within and from without, the Weimar Republic survived despite its many troubles. |
9745_1 | Almost all of the most important events in Germany in 1921 were connected with questions arising out of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, disarmament, reparations, trials of war criminals, and the plebiscite in Upper Silesia—questions that, from their harassing nature, kept both government and people in constant suspense and agitation.
Troubles complying with the Treaty of Versailles
Disarmament |
9745_2 | The Protocol of Spa had threatened Germany with new sanctions in the form of further occupation of German territory if Germany did not continue on its schedule of war reparations. But the threat was suspended, and the matter of disarmament was referred to a conference of ministers at Paris at the end of January. This conference not only drew up a plan for Germany's reparation obligations, but also fixed eight dates for the fulfilment of all disarmament demands. The most important of these dates were for the delivery of the remaining war material (February 28), the repeal of a new Reichswehr law, with the absolute abolition of conscription for the Reich and the single states (March 15), the surrender of all heavy and of two-thirds of the small firearms belonging to the organizations for self-protection (March 31), the disarmament of all ships in reserve (April 30), the complete disbandment of all organizations of defense and the surrender of the remainder of their arms (June 30), and |
9745_3 | lastly (July 31), the destruction of warships in the process of construction, with the exception of those transformed with the assent of the Allies into mercantile vessels. |
9745_4 | War reparations
The Paris conference of ministers, which commenced on January 24, formulated a plan by which Germany was to pay 226,000 million Goldmarks in forty-two fixed annuities from May 1, 1921, to May 1, 1963, and in addition forty-two varying annuities each equal to 12% of German exports. This plan was communicated to the German government, along with the announcement that in case of non-fulfilment sanctions in the terms of the Spa Protocol would be applied. |
9745_5 | This communication of the Paris conference caused intense agitation in Germany. Speaking in the Reichstag the foreign minister, Walter Simons, characterized the Paris demands as impossible to fulfill, as an infringement of the Treaty of Versailles, and as involving the economic enslavement captures of the German people. He declared in the name of the government that the proposed plan could not be regarded as a basis for further negotiations. With the exception of the Communist Party, the leaders of the parliamentary groups endorsed the declaration of the government.
Through the chairman of the Paris conference, the German government were invited to send a representative on March 1 to London, to discuss the reparation question. The government accepted the invitation, but smarting from their experiences at Versailles and Spa, the German government wanted to make sure that their views would be well represented. |
9745_6 | The German delegates had a difficult time putting effective counterproposals together due to their philosophical differences, so all of the proposals were ultimately rejected. In a later sitting British Prime Minister David Lloyd George informed the German delegates that their proposals would not meet with serious consideration. In addition, he allowed them a fixed time to agree with the substance of the decision of the Paris conference. If they failed to agree, George threatened Germany with Allied reoccupation of Duisburg, Ruhrort, and Düsseldorf, the raising of tribute from the sale price of German goods in the Allied countries, and the erection of a customs frontier on the Rhine, under the supervision of the Allies. |
9745_7 | The government protested to the League of Nations, but without effect. The military occupation of the three cities mentioned took place immediately, and was extended to other places as well, while the special customs frontier on the Rhine was drawn on two dates, April 20 and May 10. On each occasion protests were made from the German side, which received no more attention than those that preceded them. On the other hand, the action of the Reparations Commission in fixing further dates for the payment of enormous sums by Germany was scarcely noticed, public attention being almost wholly centred on the approach of May 1, the date assigned for the first payment of reparations.
Simultaneously the President of the German Reich Friedrich Ebert issued a proclamation, countersigned by the chancellor, Konstantin Fehrenbach, to the effect that the Allies had occupied areas of Germany in defiance to the Treaty of Versailles and that they would not object to outside help in the matter. |
9745_8 | Occupied Rhineland
In the occupied territories of the Rhineland, the edicts of the occupation authorities, especially the French, led to many conflicts between them and the German administration. The German commissioner, von Stark, who had several times protested against decrees of the Inter-Allied Rhineland Commission, was threatened with expulsion by the president of the commission, and to avoid this he resigned voluntarily. His successor, the Prince of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg, was only admitted after long negotiations, and on condition that he promised to abstain from all obstruction and to cooperate loyally with the Rhineland Commission. Complaints, however, of arbitrary decisions of the commission have continued to abound, especially in regard to the execution of justice and the administration of schools. Up to March 31, the cost of the occupation to Germany was 4 milliards of Goldmark and 7 milliards of Papiermark (paper mark).
Trials of war criminals |
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