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9691_40	While in Italy, he also confiscated and sold at market price the property of Pompey and opponents now dead or still unpardoned, before also borrowing more funds. He handled Dolabella's proposed debt cancellation proposals by declining to take them up, arguing his large debts would have made him the chief beneficiary of such a plan. The decision to sell the confiscated properties at market price disappointed some of Caesar's allies, but also indicated his dire financial straits. African campaign
9691_41	Caesar ordered his men to gather in Lilybaeum on Sicily in late December. He placed a minor member of the Scipio family – one Scipio Salvito or Salutio – on this staff because of the myth that no Scipio could be defeated in Africa. He assembled six legions there and set out for Africa on 25 December 47 BC. The transit was disrupted by a storm and strong winds; only around 3,500 legionaries and 150 cavalry landed with him near the enemy port of Hadrumentum. Apocryphally, when landing, Caesar fell onto the beach but was able to successfully laugh the bad omen off when he grabbed two handfuls of sand, declaring "I have hold of you, Africa!".
9691_42	At the start of the campaign, Caesar's forces were greatly outnumbered: Metellus Scipio led a force of ten legions (likely understrength like Caesar's legions) and large continents of allied cavalry under King Juba I of Numidia, who also led some 120 war elephants. With the benefit of surprise, Caesar had the time needed to find and reorganise his scattered forces, also sending orders to Sicily to return with reinforcements. As the Pompeians had already acquired most of the available food supplies, Caesar was forced to move quickly. He bypassed Hadrumentum after it refused to surrender and established bases at Ruspina, where he led a large foraging party which then engaged in an encounter battle forces under Labienus. Caesar's inexperienced troops wavered under attack from Numidian skirmisher cavalry for most of the day before retreating after a counterattack, resulting in a strategic defeat, as Caesar was prevented from foraging.
9691_43	Low on supplies, Caesar fortified his camp at Ruspina as Metellus Scipio joined Labineus' forces just three miles from Caesar's position. Their ally, King Juba, moved to link up as well, but was forced to redeploy west when his kingdom was invaded by his rival, Bocchus II of Mauretania, with forces led by a Roman mercenary, Publius Sittius, who had fled Rome after the collapse of the second Catilinarian conspiracy. This was a lucky break for Caesar, who had not arranged for it. Scipio's forces suffered from endemic desertion; however, Caesar took a defensive approach until he was reinforced by two legions, 800 Gallic cavalrymen, and substantial stores of food, at which point he retook the offensive.
9691_44	After some skirmishing between Caesar and Metellus Scipio over some hills on the outskirts of town and the Pompeian water source at Uzitta, Metellus Scipio was reinforced by Juba's allied cavalry and heavy infantry. Following more skirmishing for terrain advantages around Uzitta, Caesar's forces were reinforced by the veteran legions who had mutinied in Campania. Running low on supplies and with little chance of taking Uzitta, Caesar decided to march away, seizing some food stores before advancing on and besieging Thapsus.
9691_45	By doing so, Caesar forced the Pompeians to form up for battle. With good terrain narrowing the front, limiting the Metellus Scipio's numerical advantage, Caesar went to address his men, who spontaneously attacked the opposing lines, taking them by surprise and quickly routing them. Plutarch, however, reports that Caesar felt an oncoming epileptic fit and was taken to rest, leading to the confused attack. Either way, Metellus Scipio's forces were routed, with overwhelmingly unequal casualties: some 10,000 dead Pompeians for around 50 casualties. Metellus Scipio and the rest of the Pompeian leadership was able, however, to escape, though most would end up dead in weeks, either from suicide or execution following capture: Metellus Scipio attempted to escape by sea but killed himself when intercepted by Caesarian ships; Juba and a Pompeian officer named Marcus Petreius arranged a suicide pact by single combat. Labienus was able to escape, making his way to Spain, where he joined Gnaeus
9691_46	and Sextus Pompey.
9691_47	During the campaign before Thapsus, Cato the Younger held the city of Utica and was absent at the battle; when he was informed of the defeat, he consulted with his soldiers, who numbered but three hundred and were hopelessly outnumbered. After dinner, Cato took his sword and stabbed himself in the stomach; at the noise, a doctor was summoned, but Cato ripped the stitches open and "began ripping out his own entrails", dying before anyone could stop him. Caesar was disappointed he would not be able to pardon Cato, who had killed himself primarily to "out of a desire to avoid his enemy's mercy". He then remained in Africa to settle affairs in the region, subjecting communities which had supported Pompey to punitive fines. He also engaged in a brief affair with Eunoë, the wife of King Bogud of Mauretania. In June 46, he left Africa for Rome, returning to the city near the end of July. Second Hispanian campaign and end of war
9691_48	Nevertheless, Pompey's sons; Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompeius, together with Titus Labienus, Caesar's former propraetorian legate (legatus propraetore and second in command in the Gallic War) and Attius Varus, escaped to Hispania. In Baetica, where most people were still adherents of Pompey, they started building an army. In a few months time they were able to raise an army of several thousands of light infantry and cavalry, and more importantly four Roman legions. These two legions which had defected from the governor of Hispanica Ulterior, Gaius Trebonius, a legion formed from the survivors of Thapsus, and an additional legion recruited from Roman citizens and local inhabitants. They took control of almost all Hispania Ulterior, including the important Roman colonies of Italica and Corduba (the capital of the province). Caesar sent two generals Quintus Fabius Maximus and Quintus Pedius with four legions to take care of the Pompeians, but because of the size of their opponents
9691_49	army they did not risk a battle and remained encamped at Obulco (present-day Porcuna), about east of Corduba, requesting help from Caesar.
9691_50	Thus, Caesar was forced to move from Rome to Hispania to deal with the Pompeius brothers. He brought three trusted veteran legions (X Equestris, V Alaudae and VI Ferrata)and one of the newer legions III Gallica, but in the main he was forced to rely on the recruits already present in Hispania. Caesar covered the from Rome to Obulco in less than one month, arriving in early December (he immediately wrote a short poem, Iter, describing this journey). Caesar had called for his great-nephew Octavian to join him, but due to his health Octavian was only able to reach him after the conclusion of the campaign.
9691_51	Ulia When Caesar arrived in Baetica the Pompeians were laying siege to Ulia (one of the few towns which had remained loyal to Caesar). Lucius Vibius Paciaecus, one of his officers who was known to the Ulians and knew the area, was sent with six cohorts (2,000–3,000 legionaries) to reinforce the defenders. Caesar himself marched his main army on Corduba hoping to draw the Pompeians from Ulia. Paciaecus arrived near Ulia during the night just when a storm swept in. Using the darkness and the rain Paciaecus marched his men through the Pompeian lines, the sentries, unable to recognize the legionary symbols, let them pass. Paciaecus slipped his men into the city reinforcing the defenders.
9691_52	Corduba While Ulia was being reinforced Caesar marched on towards Corduba, which was defended by Sextus Pompeius and a strong garrison. Onroute Caesar's vanguard clashed with Sextus' cavalry alerting the Pompeians to his presence. Sextus sent word to his brother that Caesar was near Corduba and requested reinforcements. Gnaeus gave up the siege of Ulia and marched to his brother's aid with the entire Pompeian army. Sextus had blocked or destroyed the bridge to Corduba across the Baetis. Caesar constructing a makeshift bridge and marched his army across setting up camp near Corduba. Soon Gnaeus and Labienus arrived with the Pompeian army. Fierce skirmishes were fought on the bridge, both sides losing many men. Caesar was looking for a decisive engagement and this was not going to be it. So during one night Caesar's army lit a great number of campfires to create the impression they were still in camp, slipped out, and after a daring river crossing, marched on Ategua.
9691_53	Ategua
9691_54	After arriving at the fortified city of Ategua Caesar began besieging it, building several camps around it. Gnaeus and Labienus marched their army around Caesar's positions hoping to surprise him coming in from an unexpected direction. They approached under the cover of a thick fog surprising a number of Caesar's pickets. When the fog lifted it became clear Caesar had taken all the highground around the city and was entrenched very well. Building a camp to the west (between Caesar and Ucubi) they tried to come up with a plan to dislodge their opponent from his superior position. They launched an attack on the camp of Postumius and the XXVIII, but were repulsed when Caesar sent the V, VI and X to aid their comrades. The following day Caesar was reinforced by his allies, most notably king Bogud of West-Mauretania. Under Labienus’ advice, Gnaeus Pompeius decided to avoid an open battle, and Caesar was forced to wage a winter campaign, while procuring food and shelter for his army. In
9691_55	early 45 BC the pro-Caesarian faction in Ategua offered to surrender the city to Caesar, but when the Pompeian garrison found out they executed the pro-Caesarian leaders. The garrison tried to fight their way through Caesar's lines some time after the incident, but were beaten back. The city surrendered soon after; this was an important blow to the Pompeian confidence and morale, and some of the native allies started to desert to Caesar.
9691_56	Salsum and Soricaria After taking Ategua Caesar started building a camp near the Pompeian camp across the River Salsum. Gnaeus attacked quickly catching Caesar off guard. The heroic actions and sacrifice of two centurions of the V stabilized the line. After this setback Caesar decided to retreat to Sorecaria, cutting off one of the Pompeian supply lines. Another skirmish near Soricaria on March 7 went in Caesar's favor; many Romans in the Pompeian camp began planning to defect and Gnaeus Pompeius was forced to abandon his delaying tactics and offer battle. He broke camp and marched his army south towards the town of Munda.
9691_57	Munda Caesar gave chase and on the 17th of March 45 BC the two armies met on the plains of Munda. The Pompeian army was situated on a gentle hill, less than one mile (1.6 km) from the walls of Munda, in a defensible position. Caesar led a total of eight legions (Legio II, III, V, VI, X, XXI, XXVIII and XXX), with 8,000 horsemen and an unknown number of light infantry, while Gnaeus commanded thirteen legions, 6,000 light-infantrymen, and about 6,000 horsemen. Many of the Republican soldiers had already surrendered to Caesar in previous campaigns and had then deserted his army to rejoin Pompeius: they would fight with desperation, fearing that they would not be pardoned a second time (indeed Caesar had executed prisoners at his last major victory, at Thapsus). After an unsuccessful ploy designed to lure the Pompeians down the hill, Caesar ordered a frontal attack (with the watchword "Venus", the goddess reputed to be his ancestor).
9691_58	The fighting lasted for eight hours without a clear advantage for either side, causing the generals to leave their commanding positions and join the ranks. As Caesar himself later said he had fought many times for victory, but at Munda he had to fight for his life. Caesar took command of his right wing, where his favorite Legio X Equestris was involved in heavy fighting. With Caesar's inspiration the tenth legion began to push back Pompeius' forces. Aware of the danger, Gnaeus removed a legion from his own right wing to reinforce the threatened left wing, which was a critical mistake. As soon as the Pompeian right wing was thus weakened, Caesar's cavalry launched a decisive attack which turned the course of the battle. King Bogud and his Mauretanian cavalry attacked the Pompeian right breaking through the flank and attacking the rear of the Pompeian army. Titus Labienus, commander of the Pompeian cavalry, saw this manoeuvre and moved some troops to intercept them.
9691_59	The Pompeian army misinterpreted the situation. Already under heavy pressure on both the left (from Legio X) and right wings (the cavalry charge), they thought Labienus was retreating. The Pompeian legions broke their lines and fled in disorder. Although some were able to find refuge within the walls of Munda, many more were killed in the rout. At the end of the battle there were about 30,000 Pompeians dead on the field; losses on Caesar's side were much lighter, only about 1,000. All thirteen standards of the Pompeian legions were captured, a sign of complete disbandment. Titus Labienus and Attius Varus died on the field and were granted a burial by Caesar, while Gnaeus Pompeius managed to escape from the battlefield. Meanwhile, Caesar had been elected to his third and fourth terms as consul in 46 BC (with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus) and 45 BC (sine collega, without a colleague).
9691_60	Chronology 49 BC January 1: The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command. January 10: Julius Caesar leads his 13th Legion across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction (Cisalpine Gaul) from that of the Senate (Italy), and thus initiates a civil war. February 15: Caesar begins the Siege of Corfinium against Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus who held the city against Pompey's orders. February 21: Corfinium is surrendered to Caesar after a bloodless week in which Ahenobarbus is undermined by his officers. February: Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate, despite Caesar's siege of Brundisium in March March 9: Caesar's advance against Pompeian forces in Hispania
9691_61	April 19: Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, later the siege was conducted by Caesarian Gaius Trebonius June: Caesar's arrival in Hispania, where he was able to seize the Pyrenees passes defended by the Pompeian Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius. July 30: Caesar surrounded Afranius and Petreius's army in the Battle of Ilerda August 2: Pompeians in Ilerda surrendered to Caesar August 24: Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio, is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia in the Battle of the Bagradas River, and commits suicide. September: Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, a Caesarian, defeated the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces in the naval Battle of Massilia, while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic was defeated near Curicta (Krk) September 6: Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Hispania
9691_62	October: Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome; presides over his own election as consul and resigns after eleven days 48 BC: January 4: Caesar landed at Caesar's Beach in Palasë (Palaeste) March: Marcus Antonius joined Caesar July 10: Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat by Pompey in Macedonia, he retreats to Thessaly. August 9: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. September 28: Caesar learned that Pompey was assassinated. Siege of Alexandria December: Pharnaces II, King of Bosporus, defeated the Caesarian Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus in the Battle of Nicopolis (or Nikopol) December: Battle in Alexandria, Egypt between the forces of Caesar supported by his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and Queen Arsinoe IV. During the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire and is partially burned down. Caesar is named Dictator for one year.
9691_63	47 BC February: Caesar and his ally Cleopatra defeat the forces of her rivals Egyptian King Ptolemy XIII and Queen Arsinoe IV in the Battle of the Nile, Ptolemy was killed, Caesar then relieved his besieged forces in Alexandria. Caesar makes Cleopatra joint-ruler of Egypt with her younger brother Ptolemy XIV. May: Caesar defeated Pharnaces II in the Battle of Zela. (which Caesar tersely described as veni, vidi, vici.) Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt to co-ruler. August, Caesar quelled a mutiny of his veterans in Rome. October, Caesar's invasion of Africa, against Metellus Scipio and Labienus, Caesar's former lieutenant in Gaul 46 BC January 4: Caesar narrowly escapes defeat by his former second in command Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina; nearly 1/3 of Caesar's army is killed.
9691_64	February 6: Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio and Juba in the Battle of Thapsus. Cato commits suicide. Afterwards, he is accorded the office of Dictator for the next ten years. November: Caesar leaves for Farther Hispania to deal with a fresh outbreak of resistance. Caesar, in his role as Pontifex Maximus, reforms the Roman calendar to create the Julian calendar. The transitional year is extended to 445 days to synchronize the new calendar and the seasonal cycle. The Julian Calendar would remain the standard in the western world for over 1600 years, until superseded by the Gregorian calendar in 1582. Caesar appoints his grandnephew Gaius Octavius his heir. 45 BC January 1: Julian calendar goes into effect
9691_65	March 17: In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Pompey the younger was executed, and Labienus died in battle, but Sextus Pompey escaped to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet. The veterans of Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilized. The veterans of the 10th legion would be settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th would be given somewhat better lands in Italia itself. Caesar probably writes the Commentaries in this year 44 BC Julius Caesar is named Dictator perpetuo ("dictator in perpetuity") Julius Caesar plans an invasion of the Parthian Empire Julius Caesar is assassinated on March 15, the Ides of March.
9691_66	Aftermath Caesar was later proclaimed dictator first for ten years and then in perpetuity. The latter arrangement triggered the conspiracy leading to his assassination on the Ides of March in 44 BC. Following this, Antony and Caesar's adopted son Octavian would fight yet another civil war against remnants of the Optimates and Liberatores faction before another civil war in which the Caesarian victors turned on each other, resulting in Octavian's victory the establishment of the Roman Empire. References Bibliography Modern sources Books Articles Primary sources The Commentarii de Bello Civili (Commentaries on the Civil War), events of the Civil War until immediately after Pompey's death in Egypt. De Bello Hispaniensi (On the Hispanic War) campaigns in Hispania De Bello Africo (On the African War), campaigns in North Africa De Bello Alexandrino (On the Alexandrine War), campaign in Alexandria.
9691_67	External links Lewis E 83 Historia belli civilis inter Caesarem et Pompeium at OPenn 40s BC conflicts 1st century BC in the Roman Republic Cleopatra Caesar's
9692_0	The Holden Commodore (VZ) is a full-size car that was produced by Holden from 2004 to 2006 as a sedan, and to 2007 as a wagon and Ute sold alongside the new VE series. It was the fourth and final iteration of the third generation of the Commodore and the last to spawn a coupé variant. Its range continued to include the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VZ) and Holden Calais (VZ). Overview
9692_1	Released in August 2004, the VZ series was a minor facelift of the previous VY series that featured a new V6 engine in different tune guises. The powerplants included , 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 engines in place of the older 3.8-litre Ecotec V6. Other changes to the V6 was the loss of the supercharger that was included in the S models from the VT to VY, this was also dropped with the 3.8-litre and would not be used with the new 3.6. These new Alloytec DOHC engines have carried on through to the Holden Commodore (VE) which was released in July 2006. A new 5L40-E 5-speed automatic transmission was introduced on the sports and luxury V6 variants.
9692_2	The advanced 3.6-litre Alloytec engines were more powerful, responsive and fuel-efficient than the outgoing Ecotec V6. To achieve , the Alloytec V6 gains variable valve timing on both inlet and exhaust sides as well as a dual stage intake manifold, while the version retains variable valve timing on the inlet side only. Selected models bring advanced active safety features that electronically assist the driver to maintain vehicle control in emergency situations.
9692_3	The VZ Commodore was available in several model variations, most of which carried over from the VY range, with the exception of the newly introduced SV6, a specification level that replaced the S range. All models in the Commodore range (Executive, Acclaim, Berlina, Calais, SV6, SV8 and SS) were available as sedans, while wagon variants of the Executive, Acclaim and Berlina were available. Berlina and Calais models were not badged or marketed as Commodores. The VZ was the last Commodore line-up to use the Executive and Acclaim nameplates.
9692_4	The VZ is notable for being the only Commodore series of recent times to not officially introduce a Series II update to the range, however, a number of mechanical changes were made in January 2006, designated MY06. Holden introduced the new L76 6.0-litre V8 to its range. The V8 has been slightly detuned, and both Displacement on Demand and variable valve timing have been removed. The base V6 also went from and the High Output V6 went from at the same time, to meet new ADR 79/01 (Euro III) emissions standards effective from 1 January 2006. Sales of the VZ series failed to match those of the preceding VY in light of rising small car sales, higher fuel prices and growing interest in the whole new replacement, the VE series.
9692_5	The VZ Commodore sedans were superseded by the VE series in July 2006, whilst the wagon and utility ranges lived on for almost another year. VZ Ute production ended in August 2007, whilst the last wagon rolled off Holden's Elizabeth plant line on 6 September 2007. Models Executive The Executive was the baseline model. Pricing for the Executive started from A$33,160. The VZ series was the last one to include this nameplate, which was first introduced in 1984. The Commodore Executive standard features included: 3.6 L Alloytec V6 engine (updated to 3.6 L Alloytec V6 engine in January 2006) 4-speed automatic transmission Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) Cruise control Driver's and passenger's airbags Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) Front power windows Power antenna Power socket in centre console Quad cupholders Security system Single disc CD player Steering wheel audio controls Trip computer 15-inch steel wheels
9692_6	The Commodore Executive optional features included: Air conditioning Alloy wheels Country pack suspension FE2 sports suspension Rear park assist (available on sedan only) Satellite navigation (only available on the sedan) Side Impact Airbags (SIAB) Acclaim The Acclaim sat above the Executive in the specification level hierarchy of the VZ range, and was priced from A$39,050. The VZ series was the last one to include this nameplate, which was first introduced in 1993. The Commodore Acclaim standard features supersede and add to those of the Commodore Executive variant: Air conditioning Electronic Brake Assist (EBA) (available on sedan only) Electronic Stability Program (ESP) which incorporated: Traction control system (available on sedan only) Front and rear power windows Rear park assist (available on sedan only) Side Impact Airbags (SIAB) Traction control (available on station wagon only) 15x7 inch alloy wheels
9692_7	The Commodore Acclaim optional features included: Alloy wheels FE2 sports suspension Satellite navigation SV6 The SV6 was the baseline sports variant. Pricing for the SV6 started from A$38,990. The SV6 features included: 3.6 L Alloytec High Output V6. 6-speed manual transmission (option of 5-speed automatic transmission) Air conditioning Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) CD player Cruise control Driver's and passenger's airbags (side airbags added from late 2005) Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) FE2 sports suspension Front fog lamps Front and rear power windows Independent rear suspension (IRS) Limited slip differential (added from 2005) Leather steering wheel Power antenna Security system Sports body kit and rear spoiler Traction control system (TCS) Trip computer 17 inch alloy wheels Leather upholstery (optional) Sunroof (optional)
9692_8	SV8 The SV8 was the mid-range sports variant, and was priced from A$41,990. Early VZ versions of the SV8 continued with the VY SV8 theme, being essentially an Executive with a V8 engine, rear spoiler, unique 17 inch alloy wheels and SV6 tail lights. This specification was later upgraded as a running change to match the equipment levels and appearance of the SV6, which remained a step down from the SS. SV8 features included: 5.7 L LS1 V8 (until 31 December 2005, then 6.0 L L76 V8 from 1/1/06) 6-speed manual transmission (option of 4-speed automatic transmission) Air conditioning Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) CD player Cruise control Driver's and passenger's airbags Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) FE2 sports suspension Front power windows Independent rear suspension (IRS) Limited slip differential (LSD) Power antenna Security system Traction control system (TCS) Trip computer 17 inch alloy wheels SS
9692_9	The SS was the flagship sports variant of the VZ range. Pricing for the SS started from A$50,990. SS included such features as: 5.7 L LS1 V8 (until 31 December 2005, then 6.0 L L76 V8 from 1/1/06) 6-speed manual transmission (option of 4-speed automatic transmission) 6 disc in-dash CD player Air conditioning alloy pedals Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) Colour-coded instrument cluster Cruise control Driver's and passenger's sports seats Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) FE2 sports suspension Front and rear power windows Front fog lamps Independent rear suspension (IRS) Limited slip differential (LSD) Power antenna Security system Side impact airbags (SIAB) Sports leather steering wheel Traction control system (TCS) Trip computer 18 inch alloy wheels Berlina The Berlina was the semi-luxury model of the VZ range, it sat above the Acclaim and below the Calais. Pricing for the Berlina started from A$42,900.
9692_10	The Berlina features included: 3.6 L Alloytec V6 (172 kW in 2006, option of 5.7 L LS1 V8 until 31 December 2005, then 6.0 L L76 V8 from 1/1/06) 4-speed automatic transmission 6 disc in-dash CD player Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) Climate control air conditioning Cruise control Driver's and passenger's airbags Electronic brake assist (EBA) Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) Front and rear power windows Independent rear suspension (IRS) Leather steering wheel Limited slip differential (LSD) (with V8) Power antenna Security system Side impact airbags (SIAB) Rear park assist Traction control system (TCS) Trip computer 16x7 inch alloy wheels Calais The Calais was the top-of-the-line, luxury model in the VZ range. It sat above the Berlina and combined luxury with performance. Pricing for the Calais started at A$52,660.
9692_11	The Calais features included: 3.6 L Alloytec V6 (option of 5.7 L LS1 V8 until 31 December 2005, then 260 kW (349 hp) 6.0 L L76 V8 from 1/1/06) 4-Speed automatic transmission (with LS1) 5-speed automatic transmission (all other engine variants) 6 disc in-dash CD player Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Auto headlights Brake assist (BA) Cruise control Driver's and passenger's airbags Dual zone electronic climate control Electronic brake assist (EBA) Electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) Electronic stability program (ESP) (with V6) Front and rear power windows Independent rear suspension (IRS) Limited slip differential (LSD) (with V8) Luxury / sports suspension Power antenna Programmable 3-position driver preference memory (seat/climate/audio/mirrors) Security system Side impact airbags (SIAB) Speed-sensitive variable wipers (front) Sports leather steering wheel Rear park assist Traction control system (TCS) Trip computer 17x8 inch alloy wheels
9692_12	Adventra The Holden Adventra (VZ) is an all-wheel drive wagon update to the original VY II series model.
9692_13	An interim VZ Adventra appeared in August 2004 at the time of the release of the VZ Commodore range, but this was in essence the familiar VY body with VZ engine, running gear, ECU and a VZ compliance plate. A true VZ series facelift was introduced in February 2005 and with it, the introduction of a V6 engine as the principal power unit. Adventra was now available in a choice of four equipment levels: SX6, CX6, LX6, and LX8, with a 3.6-litre V6 engine affording and a five-speed automatic transmission. The V8 engine from the VY iteration was uprated to , although, now available solely in the premium LX8 model. Production of the V8-powered Adventra ceased in December 2005, due only to the fact that Holden ceased manufacturing the Generation III power unit and did not see a strong enough business case to invest in the new 6.0-litre Generation IV V8 for the Adventra's all-wheel drive application.
9692_14	Sales of the Adventra range never achieved Holden's expectations, especially in comparison to the rival Ford Territory, and it was ultimately phased out of production in 2006 to make way for the newly introduced Captiva, imported from GM Daewoo in South Korea. Limited edition and other models Commodore 9C1 The Commodore 9C1, or 'Police Pack', was a special pack for the VZ Commodore that was available to all police organisations in Australia, New Zealand and several in the Middle East. It was based on the Commodore Executive with various added specification upgrades to cater for its specific role. Most 9C1s were delivered in white, though unmarked vehicles were offered in other colours.
9692_15	Specification upgrades included: 4 Airbags (Driver, Passenger, Side) Interior light with integrated individual map lights and Interior light lock-out switch (Centre console mounted button, isolates glovebox light, boot and interior dome and map reading lights) FE2 suspension 15x7JJ silver painted steel rims and silver plastic centrecaps with Bridgestone 'Turanza' ER30 225/60/R15 tyres Black coloured dash surrounds (standard VZ Commodore Executive had greyish coloured surrounds) Front and rear power windows (standard VZ Commodore Executive only had front apart from higher models) Limited slip differential or Traction control Sump protector guard Larger higher capacity battery with 450 CCA and 115 min RC Police Certified Speedometer with increments marked Two horns – standard 400 Hz horn plus a more powerful 450 Hz horn ABS Upgraded front brake pads (Bendix ultimate on front, PBR akebono on rear) Additional Wiring Loom (supplying power for beacons, siren, radios etc.)
9692_16	Additional firewall access grommets for wiring
9692_17	Commodore Lumina The Commodore Lumina was launched in September 2005. It was based on the Commodore Executive with A$6,000 worth of additional features. 3,700 were produced and sold at a price of A$32,990 each. Commodore Equipe April 2005 saw the launch of the Commodore Equipe, a Holden tradition for many recent models of the Commodore. Based on the VZ Acclaim with A$5,000 worth of extra features, it sold for A$33,490 AUD. 3,500 were produced. Commodore SVZ In March 2006, Holden produced the limited edition SVZ model. This was based on the Executive sedan and wagon model with A$6,000 worth of extra features for A$32,990.
9692_18	In March 2007, this model was reintroduced as a run-out model, based on the Executive wagon and base model Ute. The SVZ ute could be ordered in Morpheous (Metallic purple with pink highlights from the VE series). The SVZ wagon included the Police 193 kW engine in place of the standard engine, as well as leather upholstery and sports additions (dash cluster, leather gearshift and steering wheel). Commodore SSZ Late in 2005, Holden released 930 units of the limited edition Commodore SSZ. This model featured leather upholstery with SSZ logo, premium performance brakes, colour-coded SSZ instrument cluster, black centre-mounted voltage and oil pressure gauges, 18-inch Monaro-style wheels, Rear Parking Assist and Bluetooth, for A$49,990. The SSZ was discontinued upon arrival of the VE series. Commercial range
9692_19	Whilst the sedan VZ range received both versions of the Alloytec V6, the Ute and Crewman range received just the lower-capacity small 3.6L V6- Alloytec 175 – it was the standard base engine across the entire ute & Crewman range, with a six-speed manual. A 4-speed automatic was also available as an option, however. Crewman vehicles were factory speed limited to 160 km/h due to the long length of driveshaft. The Crewman also suffered a larger turning circle and heavier fuel consumption than the ute, due to the longer, heavier wheelbase chassis. The One Tonner and Crewman ranges shared the same base specification models, as shown below: Base model Crewman/Ute adopting the specifications of the Commodore Executive. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic. 175 kW at engine flywheel, and typically 119–122 kW at the rear wheels due to drivetrain losses.
9692_20	S Crewman/Ute- based on Commodore SV6 specification. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic
9692_21	The S specification was rebranded as SV6 in August 2006, and the five-speed auto from the sedan became available, with no other changes. The V8 SS received a power increase to . Based on Commodore SS specification (minus side-impact airbags on cab-chassis). Available with a 5.7-litre Gen III V8, or the new 6.0-litre L98 – six-speed manual or four-speed auto. The Crewman was also available in a higher spec Cross 8 form, whilst the VZ Crewman Cross 6 was essentially a lower powered, base model V6 version of the Cross 8.
9692_22	The One Tonner was available with the following specifications: Base model adopting the specifications of the Commodore Executive. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic, or 5.7-litre Gen III V8 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic S: Based on Commodore SV6 specification minus fog-lights. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic, or 5.7-litre Gen III V8 – six-speed manual or four-speed automatic Cross 6: AWD One-Tonner. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – four-speed automatic only SVZ: Based on the SV6 plus leather seats, Monaro CV8 rims. Available with 3.6-litre Alloytec V6 – five-speed automatic or six-speed manual To make room in the factory for the upcoming VE series, production of the One Tonner ceased in December 2005.
9692_23	The Ute range continued without any updates for the next 18 months, until the January 2006 addition of Holden's new L76 V8 engines. The VZ Utes remained on sale well after the introduction of Holden's next-generation VE series, as did the VZ Wagons. By December of the same year, the Crewman and all AWD variants of the ute were gone from showrooms after Holden ceased production, and the One Tonner range was discontinued. VZ Utes were superseded by the VE series equivalent released in September 2007. Citing poor Crewman sales & uptake by consumers, Holden chose not to manufacture any long wheelbase "Crewman" crew cab VE ute models in the new VE series. HSV range (Z Series) The enhanced performance VZ range sold by Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) was released in 2004 as the Z Series. Its standard range included the models listed below. Clubsport
9692_24	The Clubsport was powered by the LS2 engine a 6.0 L, 16-valve pushrod V8 producing at 6000 rpm and at and 4400 rpm. There was the choice of either a Six-speed manual or four-speed auto. Fuel consumption was 15.9 L/100 km. The Z-Series started at $61,850 plus on-road costs for the manual. A Clubsport R8 was also available, with greater equipment (e.g. leather seats and extra instrument gauges) and revised wheels design and upgraded braking system. In July 2005, HSV also produced a manual-only Clubsport and Clubsport R8 "Dealer Team Spec" (DTS), comprising Stage 1 and optional Stage 2 packages. Stage 1 included upgraded tyre and wheel package, lighter overall weight and Stage 2 included other upgrades such as enhanced driver interface, adjustable suspension and tyre pressure monitors. The Z Series was the first range with which HSV reached the Middle East with the one-make racing ClubSport R sedans. Senator
9692_25	The Z Series no longer featured the Senator Signature nameplate. The new Senator featured a more subtle styling, with wheels as standard. The engine was a new 6.0-litre LS2 V8 (as featured on the C6 Corvette) pushing out . Newly designed rear mufflers give the car a slightly deeper sound. The Senator's weight increased to , 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) takes 6.4 seconds and has a top speed of (limited). The fuel economy was officially rated at 10–12 litres/100 km on the highway, and a jump to 18–22 litres/100 km through the cities. Dimensions were height, length, width and the wheelbase is .
9692_26	Some of the main options included the sunroof $2390, satellite navigation $3800, rear-seat DVD players $3900, Xenon headlights $1800, tyre pressure monitoring system $1395. Inside it features Nappa leather on the seats. The braking system on the Senator comes with ABS with twin-piston front callipers and grooved discs. The specially designed rear suspension has a self-levelling feature, so if the Senator was towing a trailer, instead of the weight forcing the back down and causing the front of the car to go up, the rear suspension would harden itself and therefore keeping the car levelled for headlight aim. This feature is also on the current E-series Senator Signature and has been optioned on Holden models as far back as WH Caprice in 1999.
9692_27	The chrome outline on the grill was added to give the style more of a relaxed luxury appearance. The Senator has specially designed 10 spoke alloys. For the interior special suede leather come as an optional extra. The Senator Signature name has now been dropped out of the line up, in the price department it matches the Clubsport approximately. Nappa leather is standard for the Senator. The 6.0-litre Gen3 (LS2) V8 engine was similar to the C6 Corvettes engine. The brakes are upgraded and feature Bosch ABS. Avalanche The Avalanche was an all-wheel drive crossover SUV that was manufactured by Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) in 2005. Based on the Holden Adventra LX8 crossover wagon, the Avalanche range also incorporated a dual-cab utility model known as the HSV Avalanche XUV. The XUV derived from the Holden Crewman Cross8.
9692_28	Both HSV vehicles were built in two series, the 2003 "Y Series II" (the wagon was actually available as of October/November 2003) and an updated version of the "Y Series II", which included some of the upgrades found in the newer "Z Series" HSV models. These later models are quite rare, with a build life of nine months from April 2005 to December 2005. As with the related Holden VY all-wheel drive vehicles, the HSV Y Series AWD vehicles as built from September 2004 to March 2005 confusingly have Z Series compliance and Vehicle Identification Numbers; this correlates to the building of new specification Holden VZ and Z Series HSV non-AWD cars during this period. The updated Avalanches with some of the Z Series upgrades can be externally visually differentiated from the Y Series versions by their re-profiled front bumper unit that looks less aggressive and which features a more integrated appearance to the auxiliary driving lights.
9692_29	The Avalanche vehicles were fitted exclusively with the 5.7-litre LS1 V8 engine rated at of power and of torque, mated to a four-speed 4L65-E automatic gearbox. Permanent all-wheel drive was calibrated to deliver 62 percent of the power to the rear wheels, thereby maintaining a rear wheel drive feel to the handling of these vehicles. Along with Holden's V8 Commodore-based AWD vehicles, the HSV Avalanche series was discontinued in late 2005 due to phasing out of the 5.7-litre LS1 engines because of the Euro III emissions regulations. Maloo HSV's facelifted Z Series was introduced in October 2004 and featured a new LS2 6.0-litre V8 engine, producing . Along with the new engine exclusive to HSV, Z Series introduces 19" wheels, Traction Control and Multi-link rear suspension as standard equipment to the Maloo range. In total, the Z Series built were 517 (base) and 958 (R8) and the Z Series MY06 were 181 (base) and 339 (R8).
9692_30	On 25 May 2006, a standard 2006 HSV Maloo R8 driven by Mark Skaife was clocked at an averaged speed of 271.44 km/h (168.7 mph) in the Woomera, South Australia.[7] The speed was recognised by the Guinness World Records representative, Chris Sheedy, as the Fastest Production Pickup Truck recorded. The speed improved over the previous record held by a Dodge Ram SRT-10 at 248.784 km/h (154.587 mph).
9692_31	Limited editions HSV produced the following Z Series and Z Series MY06 limited editions: SV6000: 50 Z series units based on the Clubsport R8, 30 of which painted in "Devil Yellow" and the remainder in "Phantom Black"; March 2005 Maloo R8 "15th Anniversary": 50 Z series units painted in "Devil Yellow", celebrating Maloo's anniversary and marketed under the "15 Years of Thunder" slogan; August 2005 Clubsport R8 "Toll HSV Dealer Team": 50 Z Series MY06 units painted in "Phantom Black Mica" with orange stripes and decals; July 2005 Clubsport R8 "Holden Racing Team": 50 Z Series MY06 of units painted in "Sting Red" with white stripes and decals; March 2006 Senator Skaife Signature: 50 Z Series MY06 units painted in "Phantom Black" with chrome shadow wheel finish, special fittings and automatic transmission only; March 2006. Exports
9692_32	Exports of the VZ sedan were made to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina from 2004 as per the previous VY series. Trim levels were the Lumina LS (based on Commodore Executive), Lumina S (Commodore SV6 with 175 kW), Lumina LTZ (Berlina), and Lumina SS (Commodore SS). As with the previous VY model, exports to Malaysia and Thailand continued in VZ form as the Chevrolet Lumina, sold in LTZ trim (based on the Holden Berlina). Exports ceased during 2005. General Motors do Brasil imported the VZ as the Chevrolet Omega from 2005 to replace the VY-based Omega. This update was announced 9 March 2005. The Brazilian model sold as a single-specification CD model, based on the Holden Berlina with some additional Calais equipment. VZ Omega sales officially ended in 2007 when replaced by the VE-based model, as announced on 4 July 2007.
9692_33	Sales Sales of the VZ Commodore commenced in August 2004. Whilst selling well initially, the launch of the VZ coincided with the beginning of the large car market sales decline, resulting in fewer sales than (some) of its predecessor. {\| \| \| Note: Figures include sales of VZ Wagons on until July 2006, but it did remain on sale until 2008. References External links VZ Commodore: unofficial information site and gallery Cars of Australia VZ Full-size vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Coupé utilities Sedans Station wagons Police vehicles Cars introduced in 2004
9693_0	Bernard Joseph Slaven (born 13 November 1960) is a former professional football striker. He scored 223 goals in 567 league and cup appearances over the course of an 18-year career and also earned seven caps for the Republic of Ireland.
9693_1	He started his career in his native Scotland with Greenock Morton in 1980, before moving on to Airdrieonians, Queen of the South, and then Albion Rovers in 1983. He scored 31 goals in 43 appearances to become to highest scorer in the Scottish Football League in the 1984–85 campaign, before he was sold on to Middlesbrough for a fee of £25,000 early in the following season. He was promoted three times with the club: out of the Third Division in 1986–87, out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1988, and again out of the Second Division in 1991–92. He also played for Middlesbrough in the 1990 final of the Full Members Cup, and became the first Irish player to score a goal in the Premier League in the inaugural 1992–93 season. He was twice named as the club's Player of the Year and scored a total of 146 goals in 381 appearances during his eight years at Ayresome Park.
9693_2	He took a free transfer to Port Vale in March 1993, and helped the club to lift the Football League Trophy two months later. He returned to the North-East in February 1994 after joining Darlington on a free transfer. He helped the club to avoid finishing bottom of the English Football League at the end of the season, before he announced his retirement in May 1995. He later played non-league football for Billingham Synthonia. He went into radio after retiring as a player, presenting shows and providing commentary on Middlesbrough matches with Ali Brownlee for Century Network and Real Radio. He also presented television programmes on Boro TV and published two autobiographies. Despite being born in Scotland, his Irish grandfather enabled him to win seven caps for the Republic of Ireland, which he did between 1990 and 1993. This short international career resulted in the honour of being named in Ireland's 1990 FIFA World Cup squad – though he did not feature in the tournament.
9693_3	Club career Early career Bernie Slaven was born on 13 November 1960; he was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire but grew up in the Castlemilk area of Glasgow. An only child, his father, Hugh, was a delivery driver for the Co-op and his mother, Alice, was a tailor. He joined Partick Thistle Amateurs at the age of 14 and played at left-half. He went on to play for Eastercraigs, and again played left-half as their centre-forward was future Everton player Graeme Sharp. At the age of 18, Slaven rejected an approach from Scottish Second Division club East Stirlingshire and instead joined junior league side Johnstone Burgh. However, he soon became disillusioned with the long train journeys to Johnstone and stopped going to the club. After his contract with Johnstone Burgh ended he joined local club Rutherglen Glencairn. During his time as an amateur footballer he worked for the Co-op, before spending some time unemployed.
9693_4	He was transferred to Greenock Morton in December 1980 for a fee of £750, but remained with Rutherglen Glencairn for the rest of the season. He made his debut for Morton as a second-half substitute in a 3–0 win over Airdrieonians in October 1981. He made his first start against Celtic at Cappielow, and had a goal disallowed during the game, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw with Airdrieonians, which was the only goal of his 13 Scottish Premier Division appearances in the 1981–82 season. He soon fell out with manager Benny Rooney after demanding more game time. Slaven made nine non-scoring appearances during the 1982–83 campaign, and was released in the summer.
9693_5	Slaven joined Scottish First Division club Airdrieonians on a one-month contract after manager Bill Munro needed short-term replacements during an injury crisis. He then spent three months without a club, before signing with Dumfries side Queen of the South. He played two Second Division matches for the club before again becoming a free agent. He made little impression at Palmerston Park, and in a later interview teammate George Cloy said of Slaven, "He was just a man who liked playing football. He was a nice enough guy but he wasn't one of the more rowdy ones."
9693_6	He joined Albion Rovers in April 1983 after being signed by Benny Rooney – his former manager at Morton; however it would be Rooney's successor, Andy Ritchie, who converted Slaven from a left-half into a centre-forward. In this new position he scored 31 goals in the 1984–85 season with many set up by Vic Kasule. Slaven won the 1984–85 Daily Record Golden Shot award in the process. Ritchie would not enjoy the benefits of his decision though, as he was replaced by Joe Baker early in the season, and Baker went to also appoint Slaven as club captain. Slaven went on to be named as both the club's and the division's Player of the Year. During this time as a semi-professional he was working as a gardener, but Rovers chairman Tom Fagan demanded £40,000 to sell Slaven, which was a high price for a non-professional third-tier player. Slaven refused to play for Rovers, and was subsequently contacted by a reporter from The Sunday Post, who wrote to 54 English and Scottish clubs on his behalf.
9693_7	Middlesbrough responded to the letter with the offer of a two-week trial.
9693_8	Middlesbrough In a trial game against Bradford City, Slaven scored and impressed enough to win a move to the club, who secured his services after paying Albion Rovers a £25,000 fee. He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Leeds United at Elland Road on 12 October, and seven days later scored on his competitive home debut for the club to secure a 1–1 draw with Bradford City. Middlesbrough went on a run of five wins in eight games during November and December, but manager Willie Maddren was sacked after picking up just one point in January. Slaven scored two headed goals to secure a 3–1 victory over Grimsby Town on 4 March in new manager Bruce Rioch's first match in charge. However the final game of the 1985–86 season against Shrewsbury Town guaranteed safety for the winners and relegation for the losers, and a 2–1 defeat for "Boro" saw the club relegated out of the Second Division.
9693_9	Middlesbrough entered liquidation during the 1986–87 season, and the Official receiver sacked Rioch and his staff and banned the club from Ayresome Park. After a new consortium rescued the club Rioch was reinstated as manager, and though he used the opportunity to overhaul the club's playing staff, Rioch made Slaven a key part of his new squad. Despite this, Rioch was not afraid to publicly criticise Slaven, and following the club's first defeat of the season by Blackpool on 11 October stated that "...he's overdue a good performance, I wasn't pleased with his form and it's time to show us what he gets paid for". He responded well to the criticism, and scored all three goals when Blackpool returned to Ayresome Park in the FA Cup the following month. He played in all the club's 58 league and cup games that season, scoring 22 goals, to help Middlesbrough to secure promotion as runners-up to AFC Bournemouth.
9693_10	He helped secure a second successive promotion in 1987–88, which saw Middlesbrough rise from the Third Division to the First Division within two years of avoiding liquidation. He scored 24 goals in 58 appearances, including hat-tricks in a 4–1 win at Huddersfield Town and a 4–0 home win over Shrewsbury Town. However Middlesbrough lost to Leicester City on the last day of the season and so finished third behind Aston Villa on goals scored, and needed to secure promotion through the play-offs. He scored against Bradford City in the play-off semi-final to help secure a 3–2 aggregate victory and a place against Chelsea in the play-off final. He provided an assist for Trevor Senior in the first leg at Ayresome Park and then scored Boro's second goal to secure a 2–0 win; Chelsea won the return fixture 1–0 at Stamford Bridge, but Middlesbrough won 2–1 on aggregate to replace Chelsea in the top-flight.
9693_11	Slaven scored a first-half hat-trick in a 4–3 win over Coventry City on 1 October, shortly after he and several teammates agreed new four-year contracts with Middlesbrough. At the end of the month he was moved to the left-wing to accommodate new club record signing Peter Davenport, but he soon was returned to centre-forward after Davenport struggled to score the goals to justify his £700,000 transfer fee. In November, Slaven was dropped from the starting eleven for the trip to face Nottingham Forest, which brought to an end his run of 136 consecutive league appearances. The team struggled in the second half of the 1988–89 season, and when Slaven scored both goals in a 2–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 11 April he ended the club's run of 11 league games without a victory. Middlesbrough dropped into the relegation zone for the first time on the last day of the season; their 1–0 defeat at Sheffield Wednesday confirmed Middlesbrough's relegation alongside West Ham United and
9693_12	Newcastle United. Having scored 15 league goals despite playing many games on the left-wing of a relegated team, Slaven was named as the North-East Player of the Year by local journalists.
9693_13	Middlesbrough struggled with injuries throughout the 1989–90 campaign, and ended up finishing just one place above the relegation zone, leading to Rioch's dismissal. They did however manage to beat Port Vale, Sheffield Wednesday, Newcastle United, and Aston Villa to reach Wembley to face Chelsea in the 1990 Full Members Cup Final; this was the club's first appearance at Wembley. The final itself was to be a disappointment however, with a free-kick from Chelsea's Tony Dorigo proving to be the only goal of the afternoon. Despite Middlesbrough finishing in 21st-place, Slaven scored 32 goals in all competitions, which led to speculation of a move away from Ayresome Park. He handed in a written transfer request, which was turned down by manager Colin Todd, and Slaven agreed to a new contract and withdrew his transfer request.
9693_14	He went six games without a goal early in the 1990–91 season, but broke this run with a hat-trick in a 4–2 win over Brighton & Hove Albion at the Goldstone Ground on 27 October. However, he was substituted at half-time during a home defeat to Charlton Athletic on 10 November, and reacted badly, leaving the ground and not witnessing the second half. He returned to the starting eleven the following week, and went on to claim a goal in his next five appearances. However, he again fell out with Todd after being played at left-wing in January, and was dropped from the first team altogether after telling the media that "if the manager is not going to play me in the middle, then he should drop me". He returned to the centre-forward role, and claimed two goals in a 3–0 home win over rivals Newcastle United on 12 March, though went on to finish the season on a run of 15 games without a goal. Middlesbrough finished in the play-off places, but lost out to Notts County in the semi-finals. Todd
9693_15	intended on an overhaul of the playing squad and placed Slaven on the transfer-list along with ten of his teammates.
9693_16	Todd was sacked in June 1991, and his successor Lennie Lawrence decided to keep Slaven and to play him in a partnership with new signing Paul Wilkinson. However Slaven picked up a calf strain in pre-season and lost his first team place to Stuart Ripley. He regained his first team place early in September after scoring three goals as a substitute against Portsmouth and Oxford United. On 28 September, he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 victory over rivals Sunderland. However Lawrence felt that Slaven was too individualistic, and in November he spent £700,000 on Hull City striker Andy Payton, who he hoped would prove to be an effective striker partner for Paul Wilkinson. Payton scored on his debut against Bristol City on 23 November, but Slaven claimed the other two goals in a 3–1 victory, and Payton left the field on a stretcher after picking up an injury. However Slaven injured his knee in January and after undergoing surgery was ruled out of action for five weeks. He scored a
9693_17	hat-trick in a 4–0 win over Brighton on 21 March, but fell out with Lawrence and was dropped for the end of season promotion run-in. He returned for the crucial final game of the season against Wolverhampton Wanderers however, and set up a late Jon Gittens equaliser, before a late winner from Wilkinson secured a 2–1 victory and the second automatic promotion place for Middlesbrough. That season Middlesbrough had also reached the semi-final of the League Cup; in the second leg against Manchester United at Old Trafford Slaven equalised to send the game to extra time, before Ryan Giggs scored the winning goal.
9693_18	On 19 August 1992, he became Ireland's first goalscorer in the Premier League when he scored both Middlesbrough goals in a 2–0 win over Manchester City. With Payton and Ripley both moved on, Slaven started seven of the club's first ten Premier League games of the 1992–93 season, and scored in consecutive games against Aston Villa and Manchester United. His goal against Manchester United on 3 October proved to be his last for Middlesbrough as Lawrence began playing Wilkinson on his own up front from October, leaving Slaven on the bench for most of the rest of the campaign. Slaven again requested a transfer, and Lawrence said he would listen to any offers the club received. Lawrence sent Slaven to train with the youth team after the pair fell out during a training ground session, and Slaven was made available on a free transfer after he told the press how strained the pair's relationship had become.
9693_19	Later career
9693_20	In March 1993, Slaven signed for John Rudge's Second Division Port Vale on a free transfer. He was sent off on his debut in a 1–0 win over Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 20 March – the first red card of his career – after kicking Adrian Whitbread in retaliation for a bad challenge. He scored his first goal for the "Valiants" with a 25-yard volley in a 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic at Springfield Park on 17 April. Four days later he scored the only goal of the game in the Football League Trophy southern area final second leg match with Exeter City at St James Park to secure Vale a place in the final. He also scored on the final day of the season to help turn round a half-time 2–1 deficit to Blackpool at Bloomfield Road into a 4–2 win; however they ended the season in third-place, one point behind promoted Bolton Wanderers, and so entered the play-offs. He went on to provid the cross for Martin Foyle to score the winning goal past Stockport County in the play-off semi-finals. Stockport
9693_21	County were also Vale's opponents in the Football League Trophy final at Wembley on 22 May, and Slaven managed to set up Paul Kerr for Vale's first goal before scoring the second decisive goal of a 2–1 victory. Ironically it was Sky TV's match summariser, Lennie Lawrence, who was tasked with naming Slaven as the man of the match just two months after letting him go on a free transfer. Eight days later he featured again at Wembley in the play-off Final, which ended in a 3–0 defeat to West Bromwich Albion.
9693_22	He started the 1993–94 season with a hat-trick in a 6–0 win over Barnet in the first home game of the campaign on 21 August. However, he picked up a calf strain and lost his first team place to Nicky Cross, who performed well in Slaven's absence. He was also punched in the face by Peter Swan in a training ground incident, though the pair would eventually make up and become friends. Slaven wanted to return to the North-East to be with his wife Karen and new-born son Dominic, however manager John Rudge was reluctant to lose Slaven despite being unable to promise him a contract for the following season. He scored his last goal for the club in a 1–0 win over Premier League Southampton in an FA Cup third round replay at Vale Park on 18 January.
9693_23	Slaven joined Darlington in February 1994, who were struggling at the bottom of the Third Division. Despite playing at a lower standard, he found shooting chances hard to come by, and ended the 1994–95 campaign with two goals in 11 appearances. Darlington avoided dropping into non-league after Slaven scored the winning goal against Chesterfield that moved Darlington above Northampton Town and off the bottom of the table. The "Quakers" again fared poorly in 1994–95 under Alan Murray, and though Slaven managed to hit seven goals in 31 games he was given a free transfer in May 1995. He took the decision to retire from professional football after a consultant advised him that a troubling back injury would only get worse with further stress. He played for Northern League side Billingham Synthonia during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, scoring 22 goals in 21 appearances.
9693_24	International career
9693_25	Slaven qualified for Republic of Ireland through his Irish grandfather. He took the decision to represent Ireland after being consistently overlooked for the Scotland team by manager Andy Roxburgh, and stated that: "if I'd been scoring for Celtic or Rangers I'd have walked into the side, there are people getting in the team that can hardly play the game". After calling Slaven up in 1990, Ireland manager Jack Charlton said that "Bernie is the type of player who could benefit from Cascarino's knock downs... we have been looking for a player like Bernie for quite a while now". He made his international debut in a friendly on 28 March 1990, and scored the only goal of the game against Wales from a rebound after Kevin Sheedy had a penalty saved by Neville Southall. He won a second cap as a substitute against Finland on 16 May, before he was named in the Ireland squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Slaven did not feature in the tournament however, and suffered from homesickness. Tony
9693_26	Cascarino claimed in his autobiography that Slaven would telephone his dog every night when away from home with the squad: "... Bernie would be howling like Lassie into the phone 'Woof, woof, aru, aru, woof!' He'd be kissing the receiver and lavishing affection – 'Hello, lovey dovey' – on a dog!" A church-going Catholic, Slaven stated that the highlight of the tournament was the day when the squad met Pope John Paul II at the Vatican. He won the last of his seven caps on 17 February 1993, in a 2–1 win over Wales in a friendly at Tolka Park.
9693_27	Style of play Slaven was a forward who scored many goals due to his excellent first touch, anticipation and finishing skills. He was criticised for his defending and heading skills, as well as his habit of frequently standing in an offside position. His customary goal celebration was to jump upon the fence at the Holgate End at Boro's old ground, Ayresome Park. When the ground was knocked down in 1996, Slaven acquired a section of the fence from the Holgate End and displayed it in his back garden for some years.
9693_28	Media career
9693_29	Slaven was granted a testimonial game by Middlesbrough against Hereford United at the Riverside Stadium in 1996, but was embarrassed by a low turnout of 3,537. He went into radio after retiring as a player, and co-hosted Century FM's coverage of Middlesbrough matches with Ali Brownlee from 1996 to 2007. Brownlee tended to be positive and optimistic about Middlesbrough, whereas Slaven would be more critical and realistic. The pair also presented shows for NTL's "Boro TV" channel from 1997 until Slaven was sacked in December 2002 after he missed a filming session in protest at the company's habit of failing to pay wages on time. In 1999, Slaven bared his buttocks in Binns department store window in Middlesbrough after telling Brownlee on Century FM that if Middlesbrough beat Manchester United at Old Trafford, he would perform the dare. Middlesbrough ran out 3–2 winners, so Slaven had to go ahead with the dare, with the score painted on his cheeks. He went on to recreate the moment on
9693_30	television for They Think It's All Overs "Feel The Sportsman" round. He announced his intention to stand for the newly created post of Mayor of Middlesbrough in October 2002, but withdrew from the race before the election as his candidacy was a publicity stunt for Century FM rather than a serious attempt to enter politics. He went on to present Legends Football Phone-In for Real Radio North East and later Koast Radio from 200 to 2014, alongside him were Malcolm Macdonald and Eric Gates who was replaced later by Micky Horswill. He released two autobiographies: Strikingly Different in 1996, and Legend? in 2007.
9693_31	In 2015 Slaven became a Patron of Sporting Memories, a charity that supports former players and older fans living with dementia, depression or loneliness. Statistics Club statistics Source: International statistics Honours Individual Albion Rovers F.C. Player of the Year: 1984–85 Scottish Football League Second Division Player of the Year: 1984–85 Middlesbrough F.C. Player of the Year: 1988–89, 1989–90 Middlesbrough Football League Third Division runner-up: 1986–87 Football League Second Division play-off winner: 1988 Full Members Cup runner up: 1990 Football League Second Division runner-up: 1991–92 Port Vale Football League Trophy winner: 1993 See also List of Republic of Ireland international footballers born outside the Republic of Ireland ReferencesGeneral Specific' External links Bernie Slaven's official website
9693_32	1960 births Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire Footballers from Glasgow Living people Association football forwards Scottish people of Irish descent Scottish footballers Republic of Ireland association footballers Republic of Ireland international footballers Scottish gardeners Irish gardeners Johnstone Burgh F.C. players Rutherglen Glencairn F.C. players Scottish Junior Football Association players Greenock Morton F.C. players Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) players Queen of the South F.C. players Albion Rovers F.C. players Middlesbrough F.C. players Port Vale F.C. players Darlington F.C. players Billingham Synthonia F.C. players 1990 FIFA World Cup players Scottish Football League players English Football League players Premier League players Northern Football League players Scottish Roman Catholics Scottish association football commentators Irish association football commentators Scottish television presenters Irish television presenters Scottish autobiographers
9693_33	Irish autobiographers
9694_0	A bunt is a batting technique in baseball or fastpitch softball. Official Baseball Rules define a bunt as follows: "A BUNT is a batted ball not swung at, but intentionally met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield." To bunt, the batter loosely holds the bat in front of home plate and intentionally taps the ball into play. A properly executed bunt will create weak contact with the ball and/or strategically direct it, forcing the infielders to make a difficult defensive play to record an out. Technique The strategy in bunting is to ground the ball into fair territory, as far from the fielders as possible but within the infield. This requires not only physical dexterity and concentration, but also an awareness of the fielders' positions in relation to the baserunner or baserunners, their likely reactions to the bunt, and knowledge of the pitcher's most likely pitches.
9694_1	The bunt is typically executed by the batter turning his body toward the pitcher and sliding one hand up the barrel of the bat to help steady it. This is called squaring up. Depending on the situation, the batter might square up either before the pitcher winds up, or as the pitched ball approaches the plate. Sometimes, a batter may square up, then quickly retract the bat and take a full swing as the pitch is delivered. Types
9694_2	Sacrifice bunt In a sacrifice bunt, the batter will put the ball into play with the intention of advancing a baserunner, in exchange for the batter being thrown out. The sacrifice bunt is most often used to advance a runner from first to second base, though the runner may also be advanced from second to third base, or from third to home. The sacrifice bunt is most often used in close, low-scoring games, and it is usually performed by weaker hitters, especially by pitchers in games played in National League parks. A sacrifice bunt is not counted as an at-bat. In general, when sacrifice bunting, a batter will square to bunt well before the pitcher releases the ball.
9694_3	The squeeze play occurs when the batter sacrifices with the purpose of scoring a runner from third base. In the suicide squeeze, in which the runner on third base starts running for home plate as soon as the pitcher starts to pitch the ball, it is integral that the batter bunt the ball successfully, or the runner will likely be tagged out easily. Due to the high-risk nature of this play, it is not often executed, but can often be an exciting moment within the game. Alternatively, in the lower-risk safety squeeze, the runner on third waits for the ball to be bunted before breaking for home. If a runner scores in a squeeze play, the batter may be credited with an RBI.

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