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9669_50 | Scott Adler, recurring character in Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan book series
Elaine Benes, played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus, from the television show Seinfeld
Dr. Jordan Cavanaugh, played by Jill Hennessy, from the television show Crossing Jordan
Jennifer Melfi, played by Lorraine Bracco, from the television show The Sopranos
Dr. Susan Silverman, central character in Robert B. Parker's Spenser book series, as revealed in Sudden Mischief
Brad Sloan, played by Ben Stiller, the titular character of the film Brad's Status
Zachary Vaughn, a character in one episode of The Simpsons
Berg, Pete, and Sharon, the three principal characters of the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl
Hannah, the heroine in Curtis Sittenfeld's second novel, The Man of My Dreams
Mamie-Claire, played by Heather Lind, from the film Mistress America
Academics |
9669_51 | College and university presidents
Lisa Anderson (M.A.), Provost of the American University in Cairo and Middle East political scholar
Lawrence S. Bacow, 12th president of Tufts University, 29th president of Harvard University
Elmer Hewitt Capen (B.A. 1860), third president of Tufts College (later Tufts University) and former member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives while an undergraduate at Tufts College
Leonard Carmichael (B.S. 1921), ninth president of Tufts University, former secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and Vice President for Research and Exploration at the National Geographic Society
John Albert Cousens (B.A. 1903), sixth president of Tufts College
John E. Endicott, co-president of Woosong University and American foreign policy analyst specializing in security issues
Hollis Godfrey (B.S. 1895), second president of Drexel University
Frederick W. Hamilton (B.A. 1880, M.A. 1886), fourth president of Tufts College |
9669_52 | David R. Harris, 9th provost of Tufts, 19th president of Union College
William Leslie Hooper, acting president of Tufts College between the terms of the fourth and fifth elected presidents
Moshe Many, Israeli urologist; President of Tel Aviv University, and President of Ashkelon Academic College.
Kathleen McCartney (B.S. 1977), President of Smith College and former Dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education and developmental psychologist
George Stewart Miller, acting president of Tufts College between the terms of the sixth and seventh elected presidents
Miriam E. Nelson, president of Hampshire College
Joseph W. Polisi (M.A. 1970), president of The Juilliard School
David Rosowsky (B.S./M.S. 1987), vice president of University of Vermont, former dean of engineering of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Albert J. Simone, former President of Rochester Institute of Technology and the University of Hawaii system |
9669_53 | Richard J. Smith (M.D./M.S., 1973), Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis
Katherine Haley Will (B.A. 1978), thirteenth president of Gettysburg College and former chair of the Annapolis Group
Michelle Ann Williams (M.S. 1986), Dean of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health |
9669_54 | Professors and scholars
Saleem Ali (academic), (B.S 1994), Blue and Gold Distinguished Professor of Energy and Environment at the University of Delaware, National Geographic Emerging Explorer, World Economic Forum Young Global Leader
Kuzhikalail M. Abraham, (Ph.D 1973), Pioneer in Lithium, Lithium-ion, Lithium-sulfur and Lithium-air batteries. Received Tufts Most Outstanding Achievement and Services Award in 2017.
Hady Amr (B.A. 1988), policy analyst and author specializing in U.S.-Arab relations
Reid Barton, winner of the Morgan Prize and successful performer of the International Science Olympiads
Scott C. Beardsley, dean of the University of Virginia Darden School of Business
Arnaud Blin, French historian and political scientist
John L. Carroll, Dean of Samford University's Cumberland School of Law and former Chief U.S. Magistrate Judge for the Middle District of Alabama
Martha Constantine-Paton (B.S. 1969), founding member of McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT |
9669_55 | Ram Dass (B.A. 1952), aka Richard Alpert, former Harvard psychology professor involved with the Harvard Psilocybin Project
Robert Daum, director of the Iona Pacific Inter-Religious Centre at the Vancouver School of Theology
Dan Ehrenkrantz (B.A. 1983), president of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and influential rabbi
Jay Famiglietti (B. S.,1982), professor of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine
Eugene Fama (B.A. 1960), 2013 Nobel Prize–winning economist particularly known for his work on portfolio theory and asset pricing
Rolf Faste (M.S. 1971), industrial designer and professor at Stanford University
Lewis M. Feldstein, co-chairman of the Saguaro Seminar and President of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation
Matt Glaser, former chair of the string department at the Berklee College of Music, jazz and bluegrass violinist
Alan L. Gropman (Ph.D., 1975), professor of history and grand strategy, National Defense University |
9669_56 | Bartholomew W. Hogan (M.D. 1925), former Surgeon General of the United States Navy and Deputy Medical Director of the American Psychiatric Association
Thomas L. Hopkins, progressive education professor and theorist
Joi Ito, CEO of Creative Commons and former Executive Director of MIT Media Lab
Robert Kayen (B.S. 1981), professor of civil engineering at University of California, Berkeley, previously University of California, Los Angeles
David W. Kennedy (M.A.L.D. 1979), Vice President of International Affairs at Brown University and legal scholar
Jill Lepore (B.A. 1987), historian and professor at Harvard University
Matthew Levitt (M.A., Ph.D.), director of the Stein Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, frequent terrorism pundit, and former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis at the U.S. Department of the Treasury |
9669_57 | Julie Livingston, one of thirty-four "genius" MacArthur Fellows in 2013, for her research at Rutgers University
Mahmood Mamdani (M.A. 1968, M.A.L.D. 1969), African political expert and professor
Frederick Nelson (B.S. 1954), mechanical engineer and professor
Padraig O'Malley, professor of international studies specializing in the problems of divided societies
Martin Theodore Orne, psychiatry and psychology professor and researcher
Juan Manuel García Passalacqua, Puerto Rican policy analyst and author
Mitchell Reiss (M.A.L.D. 1980), Vice-Provost of International Affairs at The College of William and Mary, former Director of Policy Planning at the United States Department of State and United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland
Lew Rockwell, libertarian political activist and Chairman of the Ludwig von Mises Institute
Eric Rubin (M.D./Ph.D. 1990), chair, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health |
9669_58 | Herbert Charles Sanborn (1873–1967), received a master's degree from Tufts College in 1897; served as Chair of the Department of Philosophy and Psychology at Vanderbilt University from 1921 to 1942.
Richard J. Smith (M.D./M.S., 1973), Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, influential anthropologist and dentist
Gordon S. Wood (B.A. 1955), Pulitzer Prize–winning professor of American history |
9669_59 | Faculty
Nobel Laureates
Allan M. Cormack (1924–1998), physicist, winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine, inventor of the CAT scan
Mohamed Elbaradei, winner of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize; former Vice-President of Egypt
Wassily Leontief, winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Economics; GDAE advisory board member and researcher 1993-1999*
Mario Molina, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; GDAE advisory board member
Paul Samuelson, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Economics; part-time professor of international economic relations at Fletcher (1945)
Juan Manuel Santos, winner of the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize; former Defense Minister of Colombia and the current President of Colombia; Visiting fellow at Fletcher (1981)
Amartya Sen, winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics; GDAE advisory board member.
Rainer Weiss, astrophysicist, winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics |
9669_60 | Pulitzer Prize winners
Richard Eberhart, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
William A. Henry III, television critic and author, two time Pulitzer Prize Winner in 1976 and 1980
Maxine Kumin, Pulitzer Prize–winning poet and Poet Laureate of the United States 1981–1982
Philip Levine, Pulitzer Prize–winning poet and National Book Award recipient
Martin Sherwin, Walter S. Dickson professor of English and American History, Pulitzer Prize winner for biography on J. Robert Oppenheimer |
9669_61 | Others
Tadatoshi Akiba, mathematics professor (1972–1986), Japanese politician and activist
Nalini Ambady, social psychologist, famous for pioneering and coining thin-slicing
Jody Azzouni, logician, philosopher of mathematics
Lawrence S. Bacow, economist
Nancy Bauer, philosopher
Hugo Adam Bedau, ethicist, editor of Civil Disobedience: Theory and Practice (1969) and specialist on the ethical implications of the death penalty
Jamshed Bharucha, Provost & Senior Vice President, Professor of Psychology, Music and Neuroscience (2002-2011)
Stephen W. Bosworth, Dean of the Fletcher School, served as Secretary of State Clinton's Special Representative for North Korea Policy
Jay Cantor, author, screenwriter
Lauro Cavazos, former U.S. Secretary of Education and president of Texas Tech University
Antonia Chayes, Professor of International Politics and Law, former United States Under Secretary of the Air Force |
9669_62 | Daniel C. Dennett, philosopher, author of Darwin's Dangerous Idea and Consciousness Explained
John J. Donovan, entrepreneur, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (1973–1983)
Michael Downing, writer (Perfect Agreement, Breakfast with Scot)
Daniel W. Drezner, Professor of International Politics; regular featured columnist in Foreign Policy magazine
Lee Edelman, English professor, author of No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive
David Elkind, Professor Emeritus of Child Development, author of "The Hurried Child," and "Giants in the Nursery," and "The Power of Play" and other bestsellers
Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, history professor
John Galvin (1995–2000), General and former Dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Frank Pierrepont Graves, historian of education
Margaret Henderson Floyd, art historian and author of Henry Hobson Richardson and other books on architectural history
Joseph Igersheimer (1879–1965), German ophthalmologist, famous in Turkey |
9669_63 | Ray Jackendoff, linguist, author of Foundations of Language
Ayesha Jalal, historian of South Asia, MacArthur fellow, Carnegie scholar
Sheldon Krimsky
Alfred Church Lane, geologist
Louis Lasagna, former Dean of the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Academic Dean of the School of Medicine, known for introducing the modern Hippocratic Oath
Franklin M. Loew, former Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine
Linda Datcher Loury, former professor of economics
David J. Malan, former professor of computer science, Gordon Mckay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University, known for teaching CS50
Jerold Mande, former professor of practice (2017–2020); former Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety at the USDA (2009–2011)
William C. Martel, Associate Professor of International Security Studies
William Moulton Marston, died 1947, taught briefly at Tufts in the 1920s, creator of Wonder Woman |
9669_64 | Gilbert E. Metcalf, John DiBiaggio Professor of Citizenship and Public Service and professor of economics; author of Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax is Good for America (Oxford Univ Press)
William Green Miller, Professor and Associate Dean, United States Ambassador to Ukraine from 1993 to 1998
Haruki Murakami, Japanese author nominated for Nobel Prize; writing fellow
Adil Najam, international negotiation and diplomacy
Vali Nasr, Iranian-American academic and scholar; Associate Chair of Research at the Department of National Security Affairs of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
Raymond S. Nickerson, psychologist and author
Diane Souvaine, chair of the National Science Board
Robert Sternberg, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and eminent psychologist, President of the APA
John H. Sununu, former Dean of the College of Engineering, conservative U.S. politician |
9669_65 | Barry Trimmer, professor of biology; invented (with David Kaplan) the world's first soft-bodied robot
Alexander Vilenkin, theoretical physicist
Jonathan Wilson, author
Wayne Winterrowd (1941–2010), horticulturist and author known for his gardens in Southern Vermont |
9669_66 | Honorary degree recipients
Tufts awards honorary degrees to outstanding people since 1858; among them: |
9669_67 | 1858: Thomas Whittemore (Divinity)
1861: Alonzo Ames Miner (Arts)
1863: Sylvanus Cobb (Divinity)
1865: Thomas Thayer (Divinity)
...
1872: Israel Washburn (Laws)
...
1875: Alonzo Ames Miner (Laws)
1876: Seldon Connor (Laws)
...
1886: Henry B. Metcalf (Arts)
...
1890: Arthur Michael (Philosophy)
1891: Joseph H. Walker (Laws)
...
1894: Elihu Thomson (Philosophy)
1895: Otis Skinner (Arts)
1896: Mary Livermore (Laws)
1897: Samuel G. Hilborn (Laws)
1898: William Leslie Hooper (Philosophy)
1899: Minton Warren (Laws)
1900: Frederick Stark Pearson (Science), Charles Ernest Fay (Letters)
1901: Charles L. Hutchinson (Arts)
1902: George S. Boutwell (Laws), Amos Dolbear (Laws)
1903: Carroll D. Wright (Laws)
1904: William Henry Moody (Laws)
1905: William Edwards Huntington (Laws)
...
1909: Charles Neal Barney (Arts)
1910: Frank Shipley Collins (Arts), Eben Draper (Laws), Morton Prince (Laws)
1911: Marion LeRoy Burton (Laws), Albert Potter Wills (Science) |
9669_68 | 1912: Frederic Aldin Hall (Humane Letters), John G. Sargent (Arts)
1913: Alfred Church Lane (Science), Hosea Washington Parker (Laws)
1914: Winston Churchill (novelist) (Letters)
1915: William Leslie Hooper (Laws)
...
1918: Ralph D. Mershon (Science), Joseph Fort Newton (Divinity)
1919: Calvin Coolidge (Laws), William Sims (Laws)
1920: Herbert Hoover (Science), Charles L. Hutchinson (Laws)
1921: Evangeline Cory Booth (Arts), Samuel Capen (Humane Letters), Joseph Rodefer DeCamp (Arts), Samuel Orace Dunn (Arts), Frank Pierrepont Graves (Humane Letters), William Henry Nichols (Science), John Wingate Weeks (Laws)
1922: Henry K. Braley (Laws), Heloise Hersey (Arts), Louise Homer (Arts), Leo Rich Lewis (Letters), Edward Sylvester Morse (Humane Letters)
1923: Edward Bok (Humane Letters), Channing H. Cox (Humane Letters), Cyrus Edwin Dallin (Arts), Anna Coleman Ladd (Arts), Angelo Patri (Humane Letters), Hugh Walpole (Letters)
1924: Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (Fine Arts) |
9669_69 | 1925: Henry Kimball Hadley (Music), Edna St. Vincent Millay (Humane Letters)
1926: Frederick Law Olmsted (Fine Arts)
1927: Richard E. Byrd (Science), A. Atwater Kent (Science), Frank Lahey (Science), Edith Nourse Rogers (Arts), John van Schaick Jr. (Letters)
1928: William Beebe (Science), Charles Ernest Fay (Laws), Charles Lawrance (Science), Eva Le Gallienne (Arts), John Livingston Lowes (Humane Letters), Frank Burr Mallory (Science)
1929: Asa White Kenney Billings (Electrical Engineering), Benjamin Newhall Johnson (Arts), Herbert Lord (Laws), Daniel Gregory Mason (Letters)
1930: Frank Weston Benson (Arts), Arthur Dehon Little (Science)
1931: Margaret Ayer Barnes (Arts), Marion Edwards Park (Humane Letters), Stanley Calef Wilson (Laws), Alfred Worcester (Science)
1932: George Grey Barnard (Arts), Vannevar Bush (Science), Lou Henry Hoover (Arts), Archibald MacLeish (Arts), James Grover McDonald (Laws) |
9669_70 | 1933: Mabel Wheeler Daniels (Arts), Abbott Lawrence Lowell (Letters), Marie Danforth Page (Arts)
1934: James Bryant Conant (Science), Harold L. Ickes (Laws)
1935: Carter Glass (Laws), Francis Russell Hart (Arts), Harry M. Lydenberg (Letters), Cornelia Otis Skinner (Arts), Sarah Wambaugh (Humane Letter)
1936: Dorothy Thompson (Letters)
1937: Van Wyck Brooks (Laws), Leonard Carmichael (Science), Thomas Edmund Dewey (Laws), Helen Jerome Eddy (Arts), Sylvanus Morley (Letters)
1938: Miller McClintock (Science), Henry Merritt Wriston (Laws)
1939: Leo Otis Colbert (Science), John Foster Dulles (Letters), George Horace Gallup (Science)
1940: Francis Henry Taylor (Humane Letters)
1941: Leason Heberling Adams (Science), Lillian Hellman (Arts), George Stewart Miller (Letters), Jay Pierrepont Moffat (Laws)
1942: Walter Nash (Laws), Katharine Elizabeth McBride (Humane Letters), Leverett Saltonstall (Laws) |
9669_71 | 1943: Karl Taylor Compton (Laws), Joseph Clark Grew (Laws), Sara Murray Jordan (Science)
1944: Beardsley Ruml (Laws)
1945: Arthur William Coolidge (Arts), John Sloan Dickey (Laws), Theresa Helburn (Arts), Eric Johnston (Laws), Charles Donagh Maginnis (Humane Letters)
1946: Norbert Wiener (Science), Laurence Olivier (Fine Arts)
1947: Joseph W. Martin Jr. (Laws)
1948: Carl Stephens Ell (Laws)
1949: Ralph Lowell (Laws)
1950: Thomas Whittemore (Letters)
1951: Thomas Dudley Cabot (Humane Letters)
1952: Henry Chauncey (Science)
1953: Robert Cutler (Laws)
1954: John F. Kennedy (Letters)
1955: Nathan M. Pusey (Letters)
1956: John T. Blake (Science)
1957: Earl Warren (Laws)
1958: Robert F. Kennedy (Laws)
1959: Robert Frost (Letters)
1960: Hiram Fong (Laws)
1961: F. Ray Keyser Jr. (Laws)
1962: Walter Hallstein (Laws)
1963: James William Fulbright (Letters), Lyndon B. Johnson (Letters)
1964: Charles A. Dana (Humane Letters)
1965: Jeremy Ingalls (Letters) |
9669_72 | 1966: William Scranton (Laws), Nils Wessell (Laws)
1967: John F. Collins (Laws), Abigail Adams Eliot (Humane Letters)
1968: Daniel Moynihan (Laws)
1969: Kenneth Bancroft Clark (Humane Letters), Lee Alvin DuBridge (Science), Paul A. Freund (Laws), Howard Nemerov (Letters), Joseph Silverstein (Music)
1970: Patricia Roberts Harris (Laws), Harris Wofford (Laws)
1971: Arthur Fiedler (Music)
1972: Jester Hairston (Music)
...
1974: Theodore Hesburgh (Laws), Shirley Hufstedler (Laws), Barbara Jordan (Laws), Edson Zvobgo (Arts)
...
1976: John Brademas (Laws), Matina Horner (Humane Letters), Virginia Knauer (Laws)
1977: Irving Selikoff (Science), B.F. Skinner (Letters), Malcolm Toon (Laws)
1978: Victor McKusick (Science), David Nachmansohn (Science)
1979: Salvador E. Luria (Science)
1980: Allan M. Cormack (Science)
1981: Leo Gross (Laws)
1982: Alexander R. Todd (Science)
1983: Sandra Day O'Connor (Letters), Edward Kennedy (Letters) |
9669_73 | 1984: Arthur M. Sackler (Humane Letters), John Williams (Music)
1985: Lester R. Brown (Humane Letters), Finn Brudevold (Science)
1986: Jane Goodall (Science), Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (Laws)
1987: Claude Shannon (Science), Gloria Steinem (Humane Letters)
1988: Paul Samuelson (Science)
1989: Stephen Hawking (Science)
1990: Robert Ballard (Science), Juan Carlos I of Spain (Laws)
1991: Yo-Yo Ma (Music), Moonis Raza (Humane Letters)
1992: Bernard Marshall Gordon (Science)
1993: Carlos Fuentes (Letters)
1994: Ted Koppel (Humane Letters)
1995: Murray Gell-Mann (Science)
1996: Anson Chan (Humane Letters)
1997: Richard Holbrooke (Laws)
1998: Garry Trudeau (Humane Letters)
1999: Thomas Schmidheiny (Business Administration)
2000: Issam Fares (International Public Affairs)
2001: David McCullough (Humane Letters)
2002: John DiBiaggio (Letters), Eugene F. Fama (Science), Roderick MacKinnon (Science)
2003: Mario Molina (Science) |
9669_74 | 2004: Neil Armstrong (English), Tracey Chapman (Fine Arts)
2005: Kostas Karamanlis (Letters)
2006: Lynn Margulis (Science)
2007: Michael Bloomberg (Public Service)
2008: Meredith Vieira (Humane Letters)
2009: Leslie Gelb (Laws), Deval Patrick (Laws) Patricia Q. Stonesifer (Public Service)
2010: Kristina M. Johnson (Science), Ann Hobson Pilot (Music), Gordon Wood (Humane Letters)
2011: Charles M. Vest (Science), Geoffrey Canada (Humane Letters), Jamaica Kincaid (Humane Letters), Pierre Omidyar (Public Service), Robert Solow (Science)
2012: Eric Greitens (Humane Letters), Lawrence S. Bacow (Humane Letters), Bonnie Bassler (Science), Farooq Kathwari (Public Service)
2013: Claude Steele (Humane Letters), Lois Gibbs (Public Service), Raymond Sackler (Humane Letters)
2014: Anne-Marie Slaughter (Laws), James Lawson (Public Service), Jill Lepore (Humane Letters), Haruki Murakami (Letters), James D. Stern (Business Administration) |
9669_75 | 2015: Madeleine Albright (Laws), Joichi Ito (Humane Letters)
2016: Hank Azaria (Humane Letters), Janet Echelman (Fine Arts), H. Jack Geiger (Public Service), Sonia Manzano (Fine Arts)
2017: Kenya Barris (Humane Letters), Sean B. Carroll (Science), Maria Contreras-Sweet (Public Service), Joseph W. Polisi (Fine Arts)
2018: José Andrés (Public Service), Ash Carter (Laws), Ellen Kullman (Science), Risa Lavizzo-Mourey (Humane Letters), Arturo O'Farrill (Music), Farah Pandith (Laws)
2019: Marie Cassidy (Public Service), Edward Markey (Laws), Eva Moskowitz (Humane Letters), Ellen Ochoa (Engineering), Alfre Woodard (Fine Arts) |
9669_76 | References
Lists of people by university or college in Massachusetts |
9670_0 | {{Infobox company
| name = Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (Prasarana)
| logo =
| type = State-owned enterprise
| key_people = Tan Sri Jamaludin Ibrahim,
Chairman Mohd Azharuddin Mat Sah, President and Group CEO Datin Hjh Norlia Hj Noah, Group Chief Operating Officer (Operations) Dr. Prodyut Dutt, Group Chief Operating Officer (Strategy and Development) Mohd Rafizee Abdul Rahman, Chief Financial Officer Rafizah Amran, Deputy Chief Communication & Marketing Officer
| industry = Public transportation. Asset owner of Light Rapid Transit (LRT), monorail, bus rapid transit, stage bus, mobility van
| services = Owner and operatorCurrent: Future: Operator Current:
Future:
| revenue =
| num_employees = 8,500+
| parent = Minister of Finance Incorporated
| website =
| slogan =
| foundation = 1998
| location = B-20-1, Level 20, Menara UOA Bangsar, No. 5, Jalan Bangsar Utama 1, 59000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
9670_1 | }}Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (Prasarana) (English: Malaysian Infrastructure Limited) is a 100% government-owned company which was set up by Ministry of Finance (Malaysia) as a corporate body established under the Minister of Finance (Incorporation) Act 1957 to own the assets of multi-modal public transport operator in Malaysia, under the government's move to restructure the city's public transport system. It is one of the largest public-transport companies in Malaysia other than Konsortium Transnasional Berhad. As a government-owned company since 1998, it operates stage bus and light metro services via several wholly owned subsidiaries. |
9670_2 | Subsidiaries
The new Prasarana structure including the creation of four new entities – Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd; Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd; Prasarana Integrated Management and Engineering Services Sdn Bhd (PRIME); and Prasarana Integrated Development Sdn Bhd, or PRIDE. Announcing this at a media briefing in Kuala Lumpur on 3 January 2013, ex-Prasarana Group Managing Director Dato’ Shahril Mokhtar said the move was part of the company’s five-year long-term plan as underlined under its Go Forward Plan 2.0 (GFP 2.0) blueprint.
Service brand
Rapid KL trains operated by Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd
Rapid KL buses operated by Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd
Rapid Penang buses operated by Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd
Rapid Kuantan buses operated by Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd
My Rapid Touch 'n Go Card is the stored value card for fare usage at Rapid KL trains and buses only.
Mutiara Pass is a pass that offers commuters unlimited rides on Rapid Penang buses services for 30 consecutive days. |
9670_3 | Operations
Prasarana's primary business is providing public-transport services in Malaysia. Its main operations are the following:
Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd – Rapid KL buses operate in Klang Valley and Selangor, providing services for more than 200 routes including routes to support the operations of its sister company Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd. As reflected by their names, Rapid Penang operates in the island of Penang and Butterworth; covering 46 routes. Rapid Kuantan, which commenced operations on 1 December 2012, currently services a total of 12 routes around the state capital of Pahang.
Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd – operates the operational 114 stations along the LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines, LRT Kelana Jaya Line, KL Monorail and MRT Kajang Line network in Kuala Lumpur under brand name of Rapid KL. |
9670_4 | Prasarana Integrated Development Sdn Bhd – being in transport infrastructural development sector to tap and maximise on the economic potential of its government-assigned land banks and real estate of Prasarana owned several properties in the form of train stations, depot and Park-n-Ride facilities for commuters.
Prasarana Integrated Management & Engineering Services Sdn Bhd – developing and managing Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd infrastructure and facilities; rolling stocks; wayside systems; applied systems; bus infrastructure and systems; works contract; project governance; business development; and project safety and health management. |
9670_5 | International Presence
Awarded as shadow operator (operation & maintenance) of Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line since November 2014 to 2017.
Station naming rights program
In an effort to increase revenue beyond advertising and fare collection, Prasarana Malaysia Berhad has introduced a new "station naming rights program", in which brands and companies will bid for a chance to rename and rebrand any selected stations owned by Prasarana for a fee. This program runs in tandem with the infrastructure plan to promote the use of public transport and to improve facilities and services through the rebranding and upgrading of the stations.
GGICO (Dubai Metro) is example of the first project in the world to start the similar program. This step has been followed by Vodafone–Sol (Madrid Metro) and Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center (New York City Subway). |
9670_6 | The prefix name of the station will be given to the successful bidder and the bidder has a right on the elements around the stations such as station area, route maps, pamphlets and brochures, operator website and also the train destination announcement. According to the source of Prasarana Malaysia, the original name of the station is fixed to indicate the location of the station.
First of its kind in Southeast Asia, the first three pilot projects on LRT and monorail stations have been accomplished, namely the AirAsia-Bukit Bintang Monorail station, Bank Rakyat-Bangsar LRT station and KL Gateway-Universiti LRT station has been launched on 10 October 2015. KL Gateway is the major redevelopment of Kampung Kerinchi into premium residential, shopping mall & office tower by Suez Capital, a local property development.Why Are LRT Stations Being Rebranded And Renamed Like 'Bank Rakyat-Bangsar'? |
9670_7 | On 1 May 2017, the CGC-Glenmarie LRT station became the fourth station renamed under the Station Naming Rights programme.
On 11 July 2017 (a week before the launching of the MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line Phase 2 operations), another four stations joined under the programme, namely Pavilion Damansara Heights-Pusat Bandar Damansara, Manulife-Semantan, Pavilion Kuala Lumpur-Bukit Bintang and AEON-Maluri.
Extension projects
Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit Line 3 (LRT3) project
The LRT3 project currently under construction is Bandar Utama-Klang Line which will cover the western area of Klang Valley.
Kuala Lumpur Additional Vehicle (KLAV) project
The KLAV project will minimize Kelana Jaya Line headway frequency not more than 2.8 minutes when fully deploy a new additional order of 14 Bombardier Innovia Metro ART 300 in configuration of 4-car trainsets January 2016. |
9670_8 | Monorail fleet expansion project
Prasarana has awarded the contract to Scomi Transit Projects Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of Scomi Engineering Bhd. Valued at approximately RM494 million, the contract also included upgrading works on the monorail stations and the electrical and mechanical system and building a new monorail depot apart from the supply of the 12 sets of new 4-car trainsets. Currently, only 6 trainsets has been delivered to Rapid Rail, therefore the operator is unable to activate the automatic platform gates & to phase-out the old 2-car trainsets.
Rapid bus fleet expansion project
Prasarana is still in the proposal phase to extend their stage bus service to all Malaysian city states to improve public transport across the country. As previously with the use of services by the city state under the name of the Prasarana's subsidiary of Rapid Bus are likely to be used is Rapid SP in Sungai Petani, Kedah and Rapid Manjung in Perak. |
9670_9 | BRT Sunway Line project
The one and only first of its kind Bus rapid transit (BRT) project in Malaysia is BRT Sunway Line. Launched by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak on 9 June 2012, the BRT Sunway Line is a public-private partnership project between Prasarana and Sunway Group to provide eco-friendly electric bus services on elevated tracks for residents in Bandar Sunway and Subang Jaya.
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit project
The Government has set up a dedicated unit focused solely on Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit project namely Mass Rapid Transit Corporation Sdn Bhd (MRT Corp). The MRT Corp is a project management and technical team comprising experts in mass rail projects and include expertise seconded from the Prasarana MRT team.
History |
9670_10 | Restructuring Klang Valley's public transport system
The need for the Klang Valley's public transport system to be restructured became apparent almost immediately after the LRT lines began commercial operations when their ridership was much lower than anticipated. This caused lower than expected revenue levels and the two LRT concessionaires, Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan Sdn Bhd (Star-LRT) and Projek Usahasama Transit Ringan Automatik Sdn Bhd (Putra-LRT), could not repay their commercial loans. The financial crisis of 1997/1998 aggravated the situation. The two companies owed a total of RM5.7bil as at November 2001 when the government's Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee (CDRC) restructured the debts of the two LRT companies. |
9670_11 | The bus service in Kuala Lumpur was also facing problems with lower ridership because of an increase in private car usage and the lack of capital investments. The two new bus consortia which were formed in the mid-1990s to take over all bus services in Kuala Lumpur – Intrakota and Cityliner – began facing financial problems. Intrakota had reportedly accumulated losses amounting to RM450 million from the 1997/1998 financial crisis until Prasarana took over in 2003, and debts of more than RM250 million between 1994 and 2003. With lower revenues, bus operators could not maintain their fleets, much less invest in more buses. Frequencies and service deteriorated as buses began breaking down.
Because of this, public transport usage in the Klang Valley area dropped to about 16% of total trips, one of the lowest in the Asian region. |
9670_12 | Setting up of Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad and Rangkaian Pengangkutan Intergrasi Deras Sdn Bhd
As part of the restructuring process, the Malaysian government proposed to separate the ownership (thus capital expenditure) and operational aspects of public transport, with separate government-owned companies being set up for each purpose.
In 1998, Prasarana was incorporated to "facilitate, coordinate, undertake and expedite infrastructure projects approved by the Malaysian government". It took over the assets and operations of Star-LRT, Putra-LRT and Putraline feeder bus services in September 2002, changing the name Star-LRT to "Starline" and Putra-LRT to "Putraline". In 2003, Prasarana entered into agreements with Intrakota and Cityliner for the purchase of buses. The purchase was completed in 2004. |
9670_13 | Rangkaian Pengangkutan Intergrasi Deras Sdn Bhd, the second government-owned company under the restructuring, was set up in 2004 to handle the operational aspects of the assets owned by Prasarana. Prasarana handed over the operations of the two LRT lines and buses in November 2004.
In 2006, the government set up a new company Rapid Penang as a subsidiary of Rangkaian Pengangkutan Intergrasi Deras Sdn Bhd to operate a bus service in Penang. The buses are also owned by Prasarana.
Taking over of assets |
9670_14 | Projek Usahasama Transit Ringan Automatik Sdn Bhd (Putra-LRT)
Putra-LRT was incorporated in Malaysia on 15 February 1994 to design, construct, finance, operate and maintain the Klang Valley's LRT system, known today as the Kelana Jaya Line. The company, which was 100% owned by Renong Berhad, signed the concession agreement with the Malaysian government on 7 August 1995. To fund the project, Putra-LRT obtained a RM2 billion loan, comprising RM1 billion conventional facility and RM1 billion Islamic facility, from 27 Malaysian financial and non-financial institutions which was arranged by four major Malaysian financial institutions, namely Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd (CIMB), Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Bhd (BBMB), Commerce MGI Sdn Bhd (CMGI) and Bank Islam. The 27 institutions included the KWSP (EPF), Affin Bank and Public Bank. |
9670_15 | The takeover of Putra-LRT can be said to have started from 30 September 1999 when the payment of interest amounting to RM44,589,020.33 became due. Failure to pay resulted in the entire loan amount becoming due. At that time, Putra-LRT had already requested the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee of Malaysia's central bank, Bank Negara, to help restructure its debts. A proposal by the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee, which involved the government taking over the two LRT lines and then leasing them back to the two companies, was deemed not acceptable. |
9670_16 | The restructuring began moving again when the government accepted the concept of setting up two separate government-owned companies, one to own and the other to operate public transport. The first step towards nationalisation of Putra-LRT took place on 26 November 2001 when Prasarana acquired all the rights, benefits and entitlements under the loan from Putra-LRT's and also Star-LRT's lenders (see below for takeover of Star-LRT). This effectively made Prasarana the creditor of Putra-LRT and Star-LRT. The loans owed by both companies stood at approximately RM5.7 billion at that time. The purchase consideration was satisfied via the issuance of RM5.468 billion fixed rate serial bonds by Prasarana guaranteed by the government to the respective Star-LRT and Putra-LRT lenders. According to the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee, the successful resolution of the debt restructuring of the two companies was estimated to have reduced the level of non-performing loans in the Malaysian |
9670_17 | banking system by RM2.9 billion or 0.7% on a net six-month basis. Commerce International Merchant Bankers Bhd was appointed as was appointed as facility agent. |
9670_18 | On 8 December 2001, Prasarana issued Putra-LRT with a notice of default and demanded payment of all outstanding amounts within 14 days. Putra-LRT replied on 24 December 2001 and informed Prasarana that it was not able to settle the amounts. It also requested the government to appoint another party or itself to purchase the assets of the company in accordance with the terms of the concession agreement between Putra-LRT and the government. A statutory demand, required under the Malaysian Companies Act 1965, was then issued by Prasarana on 26 December 2001 asking Putra-LRT to settle the amount owing within 21 days. Putra-LRT again replied on 17 January 2002 by saying that it was unable to settle the amounts owed and requested the government to take over. Winding up petitions were filed on 8 February 2002 and served on the company on 20 March 2002. On 26 April 2002, the Kuala Lumpur High Court made an order for the winding up of Putra-LRT and on the same date, appointed the Gan Ah Tee, |
9670_19 | Ooi Woon Chee and Mohamed Raslan Bin Abdul Rahman as liquidators. Earlier on 3 April 2002, the Malaysia Ministry of Finance had officially announced that the government via Prasarana was taking over the assets of both Putra-LRT and Star-LRT. |
9670_20 | On 30 August 2002, Putra-LRT entered into a sale and purchase agreement with Prasarana for the sale of all its assets. The consideration for the sale consisted of the balance after the project cost of RM5,246,070,539 is offset by the amount of debt owed to Prasarana, plus the project cost from 1 April 2002 until 1 September 2002 which was set as the completion date of the sale, plus a sum of RM16,867,910 being the "unverified amount of project costs" which was subsequently verified by supporting documents. The entire cost of Prasarana taking over Putra-LRT's assets was reported to be RM4.5 billion.
Prasarana took over Putra-LRT assets and operations from 6.00 a.m. on 1 September 2002.
Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan Sdn Bhd (STAR-LRT) |
9670_21 | Details of the takeover of Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan Sendirian Berhad (abbreviated to Star-LRT), which operated what is known today as the Ampang Line, are a little more difficult to come when compared with the takeover of PUTRA-LRT because the company was not owned by any public listed company.
The shareholders of Star-LRT, which was formed on 13 November 1991, were the Malaysian Employees Provident Fund (25%), Kuala Lumpur Transit Group Assets Sdn Bhd (a 50:50 joint venture between Germany’s AEG Pte Ltd, the electronics division of Daimler-Benz, and British construction firm Taylor-Woodrow) (30%), Lembaga Urusan Tabung Haji (Pilgrims’ Fund Board) (15%), Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera (5%), Kumpulan Wang Amanah Pencen (5%), STLR Sdn Bhd (5%) and Shell Malaysia/Sabah/Sarawak (5%), American International Assurance Co Ltd (10%), Apfin Investments Pte Ltd, the investment arm of the Singapore Government (5%). |
9670_22 | The 60-year concession agreement between Star-LRT and the Malaysian government for Phase One of the project (between Sultan Ismail and Ampang stations) was signed on 22 December 1992 while the separate concession agreement for Phase Two (between Chan Sow Lin and Sri Petaling stations, and Sultan Ismail and Sentul Timur stations) was signed on 26 June 1995.
The cost of Phase One was RM1.2 billion and RM2.2 billion for Phase Two. Star-LRT raised loans amounting to RM800 million for Phase One and RM1.32 billion from Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Bhd for Phase Two. |
9670_23 | In the late 1990s, Star-LRT, like Putra-LRT, also defaulted in its loan repayment and on 30 November 2001, the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee of Malaysia’s central bank Bank Negara announced that Prasarana had taken over the debts of Star-LRT together with that of Putra-LRT. The combined debt of both companies amounted to RM5.5 billion.
On 8 December 2001, Prasarana issued a letter of demand for a sum of RM1,045,681,273.83 owing as at that date pursuant to a facility agreement entered on 13 August 1993. There was however no reply. On 10 December 2001, another letter of demand was issued to Star-LRT for a sum of RMI,498,538,278.58 pursuant to a loan agreement dated 17 July 1995 for the financing of Phase Two of the project. On 26 Dec, it served statutory notice of demand on STAR-LRT, again asking for the return of the sum and the company only managed to make part payment. |
9670_24 | Two petitions to wind up Star-LRT were filed with the High Court on 21 February 2002 for the failure to pay RM1,051,509,127.16 as at 26 December 2001 for the first loan and the failure to repay the second loan amounting to RM1,506,385,705.28 as at 26 December. On 3 May 2002, the High Court appointed Gan Ah Tee, Ooi Woon Chee and Mohamed Raslan Abdul Rahman as temporary liquidators.
On 1 September 2002, Prasarana took over the assets and operations of Star-LRT. The takeover reportedly cost the government RM3.3 billion.
Intrakota Komposit Sendirian Berhad |
9670_25 | Intrakota Komposit Sendirian Berhad, a subsidiary of public-listed company DRB-Hicom Berhad, was one of two consortia picked in 1994 to run the city/stage bus service in Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding suburbs. The other company was Park May Berhad which operated its buses under the brandname Cityliner. Under the policy, Intrakota bought and took over the routes of two traditional Kuala Lumpur bus companies, namely SJ Kenderaan Sendirian Berhad (better known as Sri Jaya) and Toong Fong Omnibus Company Sendirian Berhad, one of Kuala Lumpur's first bus companies. Intrakota also took over most of Kuala Lumpur's minibus routes after the government terminated their services in 1998. All buses were branded as Intrakota. |
9670_26 | The circumstances leading to Intrakota's financial difficulties could be blamed on the financial crisis of 1997/1998, the decreasing number of people using public transport and the failure by the government to implement the two-bus-consortia policy which resulted in unexpected competition.
In 1999, the Intrakota group of companies came under the purview of the government's Corporate Debt Reestructuring Committee and when the committee concluded its business in June 2002, Intrakota and its parent company DRB-Hicom continued negotiating with the government which eventually led to its buses being taken over by Prasarana. |
9670_27 | The company's dire situation was clear when on 29 January 2003, creditors RHB Finance Berhad and RHB Delta Finance Berhad repossessed 34 of its buses. The buses were returned to Intrakota after several rounds of negotiations with the creditors. On the same day, it also revealed that it was being sued or a total of RM25,893,558.36 by AMMerchant Bank Berhad (RM11,234,839.93), Kewangan Bersatu Berhad (RM1,091,939.12) and Sogelease Advance (Malaysia) Sendirian Berhad (RM13,566,786.31). Later, when restructuring the debt of Intrakota, DRB-Hicom declared that the company had an accumulated debt of RM258 million as at 30 June 2003, comprising a principal sum of RM188.2 million and interest amounting to RM69.8 million. |
9670_28 | On 29 October 2003, Intrakota, together with its subsidiaries Intrakota Consolidated Berhad, SJ Kenderaan Sendirian Berhad, Toong Fong Omnibus Company Sendirian Berhad, Syarikat Pengangkutan Malaysia Sendirian Berhad and SJ Binteknik Sendirian Berhad, as well as another DRB-Hicom subsidiary Euro Truck and Bus (Malaysia) sendirian Berhad, entered into a sale and purchase agreement with Prasarana for the sale of their bus related assets for a total of RM176,975,604. The original acquisition costs of the assets were approximately RM557.4 million, which were acquired over a period of 9 years since 1994. The net book value of the assets as at 30 June 2003 was approximately RM269.9 million. |
9670_29 | The sale of assets to Prasarana was completed on 5 May 2004. On the same day, Prasarana signed an interim operations and maintenance agreement with Intrakota Consolidated for the temporary operation of the bus network previously operated by Intrakota. The interim arrangement was terminated when Prasarana handed over the operations to RapidKL in November 2004.
In May 2008, the Malay Mail ran an article investigating the fate of the remaining Intrakota buses. 1,000 Iveco TurboCities that were originally purchased at a cost of RM0.5 million each were found abandoned in Batang Kali and Rawang, each only guarded by a single security personnel. Criticism was directed at RapidKL on what is seen as a 'wasteful exercise', the old buses being only 7 to 15 years old and more expensive than the newly purchased Mercedes-Benz buses by RapidKL. |
9670_30 | Cityliner Sendirian Berhad
The Cityliner buses involved in the takeover by Prasarana were those operated by two companies – Cityliner Sendirian Berhad and Len Chee Omnibus Company Sendirian Berhad – in Kuala Lumpur under the brand name “Cityliner”. The two companies were subsidiaries of previously public-listed Park May Berhad, which in turn was a subsidiary of Renong Berhad. Cityliner, which was incorporated on 30 August 1994, was wholly owned by Park May while Park May owned 85% of Len Chee. |
9670_31 | In 1995, Cityliner took over routes previously operated by Len Omnibus Company Berhad, Selangor Omnibus Company Berhad and Foh Hup Transportation Company Berhad which were within a 15 km radius of the city centre of Kuala Lumpur under the government’s policy of having two bus consortia to operate city buses in the Klang Valley. Len Chee was incorporated on 29 December 1937 and was one of the pioneer bus companies in Kuala Lumpur. It was bought over by Park May in 1995 under the same government policy.
Cityliner was also the brand name for bus services in parts of Seberang Perai, Penang; parts of Negeri Sembilan state; Kuantan, Pahang; and between Klang and Sabak Bernam in Selangor. These services, known as the “northern”, “southern”, “eastern" and "central groups” respectively, were not involved in the takeover by Prasarana. |
9670_32 | Operating city or stage buses has always been Park May’s main business. However, the group, which also operates long-distance express bus services began making losses following tough operation circumstances, with city/stage bus operations contributing a huge proportion of these losses. Besides a reduction in the number of public transport users, the company also blamed the government's failure to implement its earlier policy of only having two bus consortia, one of which was Park May, to operate city buses in Kuala Lumpur for its financial difficulties. This began affecting its bus operations as lack of maintenance caused frequent breakdowns, resulting in unreliable service.
Park May, on 1 March 1999, applied to the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee to seek the assistance to restructure its debts. |
9670_33 | On 27 October 2003, Cityliner and Len Chee signed an asset sale and purchase agreement with Prasarana for the sale of 321 buses and 43 buses owned by Cityliner and Len Chee respectively for a total cash consideration of RM14,841,012. Of this amount, RM13,456,649 was to be used as part redemption of the commercial paper/medium term notes programme which was obtained on 23 January 2007, and RM1,220,000 was to go towards defraying the expenses of the sale to Prasarana. The sale was completed on 30 April 2004 for a total adjusted cash consideration of RM14,438,920 for 347 buses. |
9670_34 | Upon completion of the sale, Prasarana appointed Kenderaan Mekar Murni Sdn Bhd, a subdiary of Kumpulan Kenderaan Malaysia Berhad, to operate the buses on an interim basis until it handed over operations to RapidKL in November. Under Park May's restructuring scheme, Kumpulan Kenderaan Malaysia ultimately instituted a reverse-takeover of Park May and assumed Park May's listed status under the new name Konsortium Transnasional Berhad. |
9670_35 | Important dates
11 August 1998: Prasarana incorporated to facilitate, co-ordinate, undertake and expedite infrastructure projects approved by the Malaysian government.
1 September 2002: Prasarana begins operations when it took over the ownership and operations of Star-LRT, Putra-LRT and the Putraline feeder bus services. It renamed Star-LRT Starline while Putra-LRT became known as Putraline.
6 January 2003: Prasarana takes over ownership and operations of the Langkawi Cable Car from Langkawi Cable Car Sdn Bhd. It forms Panorama Langkawi Sdn Bhd to operate the system.
27 October 2003: Prasarana buys Cityliner buses and routes from Park May Bhd. It then appoints Kenderaan Mekar Murni Sdn Bhd to operate the bus routes on an interim basis.
29 October 2003: Prasarana buys Intrakota buses from DRB-Hicom Bhd but allows Intrakota operating as interim operator.
November 2004: Prasarana hands over operations of the LRT and bus network to Rapid KL. |
9670_36 | 13 October 2006: Prasarana signs an agreement with a Bombardier-Hartasuma joint venture for the purchase of 22 four-car train sets for the Kelana Jaya Line with an option to purchase an additional 13 train sets for RM1.2 billion. First 22 train sets to be delivered in 2008.
19 February 2007: Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi announced that the bus network in Penang will undergo a revamp similar to that which occurred in Kuala Lumpur. A day later, Malaysian Finance Minister parliamentary secretary Hilmi Yahaya said the new entity will be named Rapid Penang.
25 February 2007: Malaysian Second Finance Minister Nor Mohamed Yakcop said 150, at a cost of RM50mil, will make their first appearance on Penang roads in August 2007. He said Rapid Penang will be a subsidiary of Rapid KL. |
9670_37 | 31 July 2007: RapidPenang begins operations, offering commuters free rides, after being launched by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. The company started charging passengers three days later on 3 August 2007.
8 October 2007: Prasarana purchase additional 52 train sets from Bombardier, using options from 2006 purchase. Delivery expected in 2010.
27 November 2007: Prasarana signed a sales and purchase agreement with KL Monorail System Sdn Bhd to be the operator of KL Monorail. Prasarana will assume all KLMS Sdn Bhd loan to Bank Pembangunan of RM882 million
1 July 2009: RapidKL become a wholly owned subsidiary of Prasarana.
1 September 2009: RapidPenang become a wholly owned subsidiary of Prasarana. |
9670_38 | Gallery
See also
Malayan Railways
Prasarana Malaysia''' Berhad
Rapid Bus Sdn Bhd
Rapid KL
BRT Sunway Line
Rapid Penang
Rapid Kuantan
Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd
Rapid KL
Ampang Line & Sri Petaling Line (LRT1)
Kelana Jaya Line (LRT2)
KL Monorail
Bandar Utama-Klang Line (LRT3)
MRT Corp
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project
Kajang Line (MRT1)
Putrajaya line (MRT2)
Circle Line (MRT3)
MyHSR Corp
Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail Project
Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD)
Public transport in Kuala Lumpur
Rail transport in Malaysia
References
External links
Official myRapid website
1998 establishments in Malaysia
Government-owned companies of Malaysia
Malaysian companies established in 1998
Minister of Finance (Incorporated) (Malaysia)
Privately held companies of Malaysia |
9671_0 | The Atlanta murders of 1979–1981, sometimes called the Atlanta child murders, was a series of murders committed in Atlanta, Georgia, between July 1979 and May 1981. Over the two-year period, at least 28 children, adolescents, and adults were killed. |
9671_1 | Wayne Williams, an Atlanta native who was 23 years old at the time of the last murder, was arrested, tried, and convicted of two of the adult murders and sentenced to two consecutive life terms. Police subsequently have attributed a number of the child murders to Williams, although he has not been charged in any of those cases, and Williams himself maintains his innocence, although the killings ceased after his arrest. In March 2019, the Atlanta police, under the order of Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms, reopened the cases in hopes that new technology will lead to a conviction for the murders that were never resolved. In July 2021, Bottoms announced that DNA had been identified and sampled in two cases that will be subjected to additional analysis by a private lab. Additionally, investigators combed through 40% of the original DNA evidence and sent that to the same private lab for testing on June 21, 2021.
Timeline of murders |
9671_2 | 1979
In the middle of 1979, Edward Hope Smith (also known as "Teddy"), 14, and Alfred Evans (also known as "Q"), 13, disappeared four days apart. Their bodies were found on July 28 in a wooded area, Smith with a .22 caliber gunshot wound in his upper back. They were believed to be the first victims of the putative "Atlanta Child Killer."
On September 4, the next victim, 14-year-old Milton Harvey, disappeared while on an errand to the bank for his mother. He was riding a yellow 10-speed bike, which was found a week later in a remote area of Atlanta. His body was not recovered until November of that year. |
9671_3 | On October 21, 9-year-old Yusuf Bell went to a store to buy Bruton snuff for a neighbor, Eula Birdsong, at Reese Grocery on McDaniel Street. A witness said she saw Yusuf near the intersection of McDaniel and Fulton getting into a blue car before he disappeared. His body was found on November 8 in the abandoned E. P. Johnson Elementary School by a school janitor who was looking for a place to urinate. Bell's body was found clothed in the brown cut-off shorts he was last seen wearing, though they had a piece of masking tape stuck to them. He had been hit over the head twice, and the cause of death was strangulation. Police did not immediately link his disappearance to the previous killings. |
9671_4 | 1980
On March 4, 1980, the first female victim, 12-year-old Angel Lanier, disappeared. She left her house around 4 pm, wearing a denim outfit, and was last seen at a friend's house watching the television program Sanford and Son. Lanier's body was found six days later, in a wooded vacant lot along Campbellton Road, wearing the same clothes in which she had left home. A pair of white panties that did not belong to Lanier were stuffed in her mouth, and her hands were bound with an electrical cord. The cause of death was strangulation. |
9671_5 | On March 11, one week after Lanier's disappearance, 11-year-old Jeffery Mathis disappeared while on an errand for his mother. He was wearing gray jogging pants, brown shoes, and a white and green shirt. Months later a girl said she saw him get into a blue car with a light-skinned man and a dark-skinned man. The body of Jeffrey Mathis was found in a "briar-covered patch of woodlands," 11 months after he disappeared, by which time it was not possible to identify a cause of death. |
9671_6 | On May 18, 15-year-old Eric Middlebrooks disappeared. He was last seen answering the telephone at home and then leaving in a hurry on his bicycle, taking with him a hammer to repair the bicycle. His body was found the following day next to his bicycle in the rear garage of an Atlanta bar. The bar was located next door to what was then the Georgia Department of Offender Rehabilitation. His pockets were turned inside out, his chest and arms had slight stab wounds, and the cause of death was determined to be blunt force trauma to the head. A few weeks before he disappeared, Middlebrooks had testified against three juveniles in a robbery case. |
9671_7 | On June 9, 12-year-old Christopher Richardson went missing on his way to a local pool. He was last seen walking towards the DeKalb County's Midway Recreation Center in Midway Park. He was wearing blue shorts, a light blue shirt and blue tennis shoes. His body was not found until the following January, clothed in unfamiliar swim trunks, along with the body of a later victim, Earl Terrell. The cause of Richardson's death was not determined.
On June 22, 7-year-old LaTonya Wilson disappeared from her parents' apartment. According to a witness, she appeared to have been abducted by two men, one of whom was seen climbing into the apartment window and then holding Wilson in his arms as he spoke to the other man in the parking lot. On October 18, Wilson's body was found in a fenced-in area at the end of Verbena Street in Atlanta. By then, the body had skeletonized, and no cause of death could be established. |
9671_8 | The next day, June 23, 10-year-old Aaron Wyche disappeared after having been seen near a local grocery store, getting into a blue Chevrolet with either one or two black men. A female witness says she saw Wyche being led from Tanner's Corner Grocery by a 6-foot-tall 180-pound black male, approximately 30 years old, with a mustache and goatee. The witness's description of the car matched a description of a similar car implicated in the earlier Jeffrey Mathis disappearance. At 6 pm, Wyche was seen at a shopping center. The following day, Wyche's body was found under a bridge; the official cause of death was asphyxiation from a broken neck suffered in a fall.
In July 1980, two more children, 9-year-old Anthony Carter and 10-year-old Earl Terrell, were murdered.
Clifford Jones, aged 13, disappeared on August 20. He was found dead from strangulation. His body was found on August 21 behind a dumpster in the rear of the former Hollywood Plaza shopping center. |
9671_9 | Darron Glass, aged 10, was reported missing on September 14. His body has not been recovered.
Charles Stephens, aged 12, was reported missing on October 9. His body was found the next day. Police determined that he had been suffocated.
Aaron Jackson, aged 9, went missing on November 1. His body was discovered the next day strangled, lying face-up on a river bank.
Patrick Rogers, aged 16, knew several of the previous victims. He went missing on November 30. His body was found on December 7 in the Chattahoochee river. Police speculated that he was dropped from the bridge above. |
9671_10 | 1981
The murders continued into 1981. The first known victim in the new year was 14-year-old Lubie Geter, who disappeared on January 3. Geter's body was found on February 5.
Geter's friend, 15-year-old Terry Pue went missing in January. An anonymous caller told the police where to find Pue's body. Terry lived in the same apartment as Edward "Teddy" Smith, who was killed in 1979.
In February and March 1981, six more bodies were discovered, believed to be linked to the previous homicides. Among the deceased was the body of 21-year-old Eddie Duncan, the first adult victim.
In April, 20-year-old Larry Rogers, 28-year-old John Porter, and 21-year-old Jimmy Ray Payne were murdered. Porter and Payne were ex-convicts and had just recently been released from Arrendale State Prison after serving time for burglary. |
9671_11 | On May 12, 1981, FBI agents found the body of 17-year-old William "Billy Star" Barrett on a curb in a wooded area near his home. A witness, 32-year-old Harold Wood, a custodian from Southwest High School, had run out of gas about a mile from the scene. Wood described a black man standing over and observing the location where the body was found before driving away in a white-over-blue Cadillac.
During the end of May 1981, the last reported victim was added to the list: 27-year-old Nathaniel Cater. He was last seen by gardener Robert I. Henry at the entrance of the Rialto Theatre in Atlanta, reportedly holding hands with Wayne Williams. His body was discovered two days later.
Investigator Chet Dettlinger created a map of the victims' locations. Despite the difference in ages, the victims fell within the same geographic parameters. They were connected to Memorial Drive and 11 major streets in the area. |
9671_12 | Capturing the suspect
During the murders, more than 100 agents were working on the investigation. The city of Atlanta imposed curfews, and parents in the city removed their children from school and forbade them from playing outside.
As the media coverage of the killings intensified, the FBI predicted that the killer might dump the next victim into a body of water to conceal any evidence. Police staked out nearly a dozen area bridges, including crossings of the Chattahoochee River. During a stakeout on May 22, 1981, detectives got their first major break when an officer heard a splash beneath a bridge. Another officer saw a white 1970 Chevrolet station wagon turn around and drive back across the bridge. |
9671_13 | Two police cars later stopped the suspect station wagon about a half-mile from the bridge. The driver was 23-year-old Wayne Bertram Williams, a supposed music promoter and freelance photographer. The Chevrolet wagon belonged to his parents. Dog hair and fibers recovered from the rear of the vehicle were later used as evidence in the case against Williams, as similar fibers were found on some of the victims. They were found to match his dog and the carpet in his parents' house. During questioning, Williams said he was on his way to audition a woman, Cheryl Johnson, as a singer. Williams claimed she lived in the nearby town of Smyrna. Police did not find any record of her or the appointment. |
9671_14 | Two days later, on May 24, the nude body of Nathaniel Cater, 27, was found floating downriver a few miles from the bridge where police had seen the suspicious station wagon. Based on this evidence, including the police officer's hearing of the splash, police believed that Williams had killed Cater and disposed of his body while the police were nearby.
Investigators who stopped Williams on the bridge noticed gloves and a 24-inch nylon cord sitting in the passenger seat. According to investigators, the cord looked similar to ligature marks found on Cater and other victims, but the cord was never taken into evidence for analysis. Adding to a growing list of suspicious circumstances, Williams had handed out flyers in predominantly black neighborhoods calling for young people ages 11–21 to audition for his new singing group that he called Gemini. Williams failed an FBI-administered polygraph examination, though polygraph results are not admissible as evidence in criminal courts. |
9671_15 | Fibers from a carpet in the Williams residence were found to match those observed on two of the victims. Additional fibers from the Williams's home, vehicles, and pet dog were later matched to fibers discovered on other victims. Furthermore, witness Robert Henry claimed to have seen Williams holding hands and walking with Nathaniel Cater on the night Cater is believed to have died.
On June 21, 1981, Williams was arrested. A grand jury indicted him for first-degree murder in the deaths of Nathaniel Cater and Jimmy Ray Payne, aged 22. The trial date was set for early 1982. |
9671_16 | When the news of Williams's arrest was officially released (his status as a suspect had previously been leaked to the media), FBI Agent John E. Douglas stated that, if it was Williams, then he was "looking pretty good for a good percentage of the killings." Douglas had previously conducted an interview with People magazine about profiling the killer as a young black man. This was widely reported as the FBI effectively declaring Williams guilty, and Douglas was officially censured by the Director of the FBI.
Trial
Jury selection began on December 28, 1981, and it lasted six days. Nine women and three men composed the jury, among them were eight African Americans and four Caucasians. |
9671_17 | The trial officially began on January 6, 1982, with Judge Clarence Cooper presiding. The most important evidence against Williams was the fiber analysis between the victims who he was indicted for murdering, Jimmy Ray Payne and Nathaniel Cater, and the 12 pattern-murder cases in which circumstantial evidence culminated in numerous links between the crimes. This evidence included witnesses who testified that they had seen Williams with the victims, and some witnesses suggested that he had solicited sexual favors. |
9671_18 | The prosecution's presentation of the case has been criticized, to the extent that in some jurisdictions it might have resulted in a mistrial. In particular, two separate FBI special agents testified that the chances of the victims not having come into contact with Williams was "virtually impossible," based solely on the comparative rarity of the fibers which were found on the victims which seemed to match the fibers which were found in the suspect's car and home. After reviewing the case, Georgia Supreme Court Justice George T. Smith deemed the evidence, or the lack thereof, inadmissible.
On February 27, 1982, after 11 hours of deliberation, the jury found Wayne Bertram Williams guilty of the two murders. He was sentenced to two consecutive life terms in Georgia's Hancock State Prison in Sparta. |
9671_19 | Later developments |
9671_20 | In a September 1986 issue of American music magazine Spin, journalists Robert Keating and Barry Michael Cooper (the latter of whom would later find fame as a screenwriter) reported that the Georgia Bureau of Investigation – who had been conducting a secret investigation into potential involvement of the Ku Klux Klan in the crimes, in tandem to that of the Special Task Force on Missing and Murdered Children – discovered members of the group may have been involved in the murder of victim Lubie Geter, and may have been linked to the murders of fourteen others. Allegedly, a family of Klansmembers living outside of Atlanta had hoped to ignite a race war in Atlanta, and attempted to recruit others for this purpose. Charles T. Sanders, a narcotics dealer and recruiter for the group, was said to have told a criminal informant he intended to kill Geter several weeks before his body was found. After Geter had backed a go-cart into his car, Sanders allegedly told the informant "I"m gonna kill |
9671_21 | that black bastard. I"m gonna strangle him with my dick." Shortly thereafter, Sander's brother Don was recorded telling another Klan member he was going out to look for "another little boy." Additionally, Charles Sanders was said to have a scar matching a description given by an eyewitness who reported seeing Geter enter the car of a White man with a "jagged scar on his neck," and a dog with similar hair to that found on Geter's and other victims' bodies. The article reported that, in 1981, members of the GBI and officials in other law enforcement agencies opted to close their investigation and seal their findings, before a handwritten transcript of a conversation between Klansmembers regarding Geter's murder was sent anonymously to Lynn Whatley in 1985, an attorney who was then representing Wayne Williams. At a 1991 hearing on Williams' request for a new trial, wherein he was represented by attorneys Alan Dershowitz, William Kunstler, and Bobby Lee Cook, investigators from both |
9671_22 | Atlanta and Georgia law-enforcement agencies testified they had little or no knowledge of the GBI's investigation. At the same hearing, an informant for the GBI reported that in 1981, Charles Sanders had admitted to killing Geter while Whitaker was wearing a concealed microphone. |
9671_23 | In May 2004, about six months after becoming the DeKalb County Police Chief in November 2003, Louis Graham reopened the investigations into the deaths of the five DeKalb County victims: 10-year-old Aaron Wyche, 13-year-old Curtis Walker, 9-year-old Yusuf Bell, 17-year-old William Barrett, and 11-year-old Patrick Baltazar. Graham, one of the original investigators in these cases, said he doubted that Wayne Williams, the man convicted of two of the killings and blamed for 22 others, was guilty of all of them. On June 21, 2006, the DeKalb County Police dropped its reinvestigation of the Atlanta child murders. After resigning, Graham was replaced by the acting chief, Nick Marinelli, who said, "We dredged up what we had, and nothing has panned out, so until something does or additional evidence comes our way, or there's forensic feedback from existing evidence, we will continue to pursue the [other] cold cases that are [with]in our reach." |
9671_24 | Criminal profiler John E. Douglas said that, while he believes that Williams committed many of the murders, he does not think that he committed them all. Douglas added that he believes that law enforcement authorities have some idea of who the other killers are, cryptically adding, "It isn't a single offender, and the truth isn't pleasant."
On January 29, 2007, attorneys for the State of Georgia agreed to allow DNA testing of the dog hair that was used to help convict Williams. This decision was a response to a legal filing as a part of Williams' efforts to appeal his conviction and life sentences. Williams' lawyer, Jack Martin, asked a Fulton County Superior Court judge to allow DNA tests on canine and human hair and blood, stating the results might help Williams win a new trial. |
9671_25 | On June 26, 2007, the DNA test results showed that the hairs on the bodies contained the same mitochondrial DNA sequence as Williams' dog — a sequence that occurs in only about 1 out of 100 dogs. Dr. Elizabeth Wictum, director of the UC Davis laboratory that carried out the testing, told The Associated Press that while the results were "fairly significant," they "don't conclusively point to Williams' dog as the source of the hair" because the lab was able to test only for mitochondrial DNA, which, unlike nuclear DNA, cannot be shown to be unique to one dog.
Later in 2007, the FBI performed DNA tests on two human hairs found on one of the victims. The mitochondrial DNA sequence in the hairs would eliminate 99.5% of persons by not matching their DNA. The mitochondrial DNA sequence in the hairs would eliminate 98% of African American persons by not matching their DNA. However, they matched Williams' DNA and so did not eliminate the possibility that the hairs were his. |
9671_26 | On March 21, 2019, Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms and Atlanta Police Chief Erika Shields announced that officials would re-test evidence from the murders, which will be gathered by the Atlanta Police Department, Fulton County District Attorney's Office, and Georgia Bureau of Investigation. In a news conference, Mayor Bottoms said, "It may be there is nothing left to be tested. But I do think history will judge us by our actions and we will be able to say we tried."
As of 2019, Wayne Williams continues to maintain his innocence.
Known victims |
9671_27 | Media coverage and adaptations
The first national media coverage of the case was in 1980, when a team from ABC News 20/20, Stanhope Gould and Bill Lichtenstein, producer Steve Tello, and correspondent Bob Sirkin from the ABC Atlanta bureau looked into the case. They were assigned to the story after ABC News president Roone Arledge read a tiny story in the newspaper that said police had ruled out any connection between a daycare explosion, which turned out to be a faulty furnace, and the cases of lost and missing children, which had been previously unreported in the national media. In a week, the team reported on the dead and missing children, and they broke the story that the Atlanta Police Task Force was not writing down or following up on every lead they received through the police hotline that had been set up.
In 1981, British novelist Martin Amis published "The Killings in Atlanta" for The Observer, later compiled into The Moronic Inferno: And Other Visits to America (1986). |
9671_28 | In 1982, writer Martin Pasko dedicated an issue of the comic book Saga of the Swamp Thing to "the good people of Atlanta, that they may put the horror behind them...but not forget." The story revolved around a serial killer who targeted minority children in the fictional town of Pineboro, Arkansas, who is revealed to be a demon who had possessed TV host "Uncle Barney" (a thinly veiled parody of Fred Rogers). While the demon is ultimately vanquished, the story ends on an ominous note criticizing the social inequalities that made the non-white children such attractive targets, as well as children's television shows that encourage blind trust of strangers. |
9671_29 | In 1985, the television miniseries The Atlanta Child Murders was released. The film was centered around the murders and the arrest of the suspect. The film revolved mainly around the aftermath of the killings and the trials. The film starred Calvin Levels, Morgan Freeman, James Earl Jones, Rip Torn, Jason Robards, Martin Sheen, and Bill Paxton. Atlanta officials criticized the film, claiming that it distorted the facts of the case. After a series of negotiations, CBS executives agreed to insert a disclaimer alerting viewers that the film is based on fact but contains fictional elements.
Also in 1985, James Baldwin published The Evidence of Things Not Seen, a non-fiction examination not only of the case and Williams' trial, but also of race relations in Atlanta and, by extension, America. The book grew out of an assignment to write about the murders for Playboy, commissioned by then-editor Walter Lowe. |
9671_30 | In 2000, Showtime released a drama film titled Who Killed Atlanta's Children? starring James Belushi and Gregory Hines.
In 2002, Tayari Jones published the novel Leaving Atlanta. The book focuses on the lives and experiences of three fictional fifth graders at Oglethorpe Elementary School, Tasha Baxter, Rodney Green, and Octavia Fuller, during the murder spree. During the time of the murders, Jones attended Oglethorpe Elementary School and was classmates with two of the real-life victims, Yusuf Bell and Terry Pue.
On June 10, 2010, CNN broadcast a documentary, The Atlanta Child Murders, with interviews by Soledad O'Brien with some of the people involved, including Wayne Williams. The two-hour documentary invited viewers to weigh the evidence presented and then go to CNN.com to cast votes on whether Williams was guilty, whether he was innocent, or if the case was "not proven." 68.6% of respondents said Williams was guilty, 4.3% said he was innocent, and 27.1% chose "not proven." |
9671_31 | In the 2016 song "the ends" by American rapper Travis Scott featuring American rapper André 3000, on the former's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, Atlanta-native André 3000 raps about the killings.
In January 2018, documentary filmmaker Payne Lindsey began releasing a podcast called Atlanta Monster, covering the murders with interviews from family members of victims, law enforcement officials, individuals alive in the Atlanta area at the time of the murders, and Wayne Williams. |
9671_32 | The second season of Mindhunter (released in August 2019) covers the murders. The series, which is focused on the history of the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) builds that dramatic arc of the series over the FBI's two BSU agents who join the Atlanta investigation. In the series fictional treatment, Agent Ford has the role of insisting that the 13 murders (at the time of the series arc) they are investigating are the work of one single serial killer, and that to gain the victims' trust, he may be African-American himself. This line of deduction clashes with that of his colleague Agent Tench, the Atlanta Police Department, and the African-American community of Atlanta – many of whom believe, in light of Georgia's history of hate crimes and racial violence, that the killings are the work of the Ku Klux Klan.
The Atlanta Child Murders, a three-part documentary series produced by Will Packer Productions, aired on Investigation Discovery in March 2019. |
9671_33 | In April 2020, HBO released a 5-part documentary titled Atlanta"s Missing and Murdered: The Lost Children, directed by Sam Pollard and Maro Chermayeff.
HBO's documentary revealed information that focused heavily on the appellate process of the case against Wayne Williams. Williams' attorneys filed a habeas corpus document and it is was denied. Similarly, his request for a retrial was denied in 2004.
See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
Post–civil rights era in African-American history
References |
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