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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-14T08:24:39.505Z
Question from Code
v1
where is memory leaking
#include "friends.h" #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> /* * Create a new user with the given name. Insert it at the tail of the list * of users whose head is pointed to by *user_ptr_add. * * Return: * - 0 if successful * - 1 if a user by this name already exists in this list * - 2 if the given name cannot fit in the 'name' array * (don't forget about the null terminator) */ int create_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_add) { if(strlen(name) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } User *new_node = malloc(sizeof(User)); strcpy(new_node->name, name); new_node->first_post = NULL; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ (new_node->friends)[i] = NULL; } new_node->next = NULL; if(user_ptr_add[0] == NULL){ user_ptr_add[0] = new_node; } else { User *curr = user_ptr_add[0]; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr->next = new_node; } } return 0; } /* * Return a pointer to the user with this name in * the list starting with head. Return NULL if no such user exists. * * NOTE: You'll likely need to cast a (const User *) to a (User *) * to satisfy the prototype without warnings. */ User *find_user(const char *name, const User *head) { User *user_head = (User *) head; if(user_head == NULL){ return NULL; } else { User *curr = user_head; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } } return NULL; } /* * Print the usernames of all users in the list starting at curr. * Names should be printed to standard output, one per line. */ void list_users(const User *curr) { User *user_curr = (User *) curr; printf("%s\n", "User List"); if(user_curr == NULL){ ; } else { User curr_user = user_curr[0]; while(curr_user.next != NULL){ printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); curr_user = *(curr_user.next); } printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); } } /* * Change the filename for the profile pic of the given user. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the file does not exist or cannot be opened. * - 2 if the filename is too long. */ int update_pic(User *user, const char *filename) { if(strlen(filename) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } else { FILE *pic = fopen(filename, "r"); if(pic == NULL){ return 1; } else { fclose(pic); strcpy(user->profile_pic, filename); return 0; } } } /* * Make two users friends with each other. This is symmetric - a pointer to * each user must be stored in the 'friends' array of the other. * * New friends must be added in the first empty spot in the 'friends' array. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the two users are already friends. * - 2 if the users are not already friends, but at least one already has * MAX_FRIENDS friends. * - 3 if the same user is passed in twice. * - 4 if at least one user does not exist. * * Do not modify either user if the result is a failure. * NOTE: If multiple errors apply, return the *largest* error code that applies. */ int make_friends(const char *name1, const char *name2, User *head) { User *user1 = find_user(name1, head); User *user2 = find_user(name2, head); if((find_user(name1, head) == NULL) || (find_user(name2, head) == NULL)){ return 4; } else if(strcmp(name1, name2) == 0){ return 3; } else { for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == user2){ return 1; } } int not_max = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max = 1; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max = 1; } } if(not_max==0){ return 2; } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user1->friends)[i] = user2; break; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user2->friends)[i] = user1; break; } } return 0; } } /* * Print a user profile. * For an example of the required output format, see the example output * linked from the handout. * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the user is NULL. */ int print_user(const User *user) { if(user == NULL){ return 1; } else { if(user->profile_pic != NULL){ FILE *pic_file; char line[100]; pic_file = fopen(user->profile_pic, "r"); if (pic_file != NULL){ while (fgets(line, 100, pic_file) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } fclose(pic_file); printf("\n"); } } printf("%s%s\n", "Name: ", user->name); printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Friends:"); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user->friends)[i] != NULL){ printf("%s\n", ((user->friends)[i])->name); } } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Posts:"); if(user->first_post == NULL){ ; } else { Post *curr_post = (user->first_post); while(curr_post->next != NULL){ printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); printf("\n%s\n\n", "==="); curr_post = curr_post->next; } printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); return 0; } } /* * Make a new post from 'author' to the 'target' user, * containing the given contents, IF the users are friends. * * Insert the new post at the *front* of the user's list of posts. * * 'contents' is a pointer to heap-allocated memory - you do not need * to allocate more memory to store the contents of the post. * * Return: * - 0 on success * - 1 if users exist but are not friends * - 2 if either User pointer is NULL */ int make_post(const User *author, User *target, char *contents) { if((author == NULL) || (target == NULL)){ return 2; } else { int friends = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((author->friends)[i] == target){ friends = 1; } } if(friends == 0){ return 1; } Post *new_post = malloc(sizeof(Post)); strcpy(new_post->author, author->name); new_post->contents = contents; time_t *post_time = malloc(sizeof(time_t)); *post_time = time(NULL); new_post->date = post_time; new_post->next = target->first_post; target->first_post = new_post; return 0; } } /* * From the list pointed to by *user_ptr_del, delete the user * with the given name. * Remove the deleted user from any lists of friends. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if a user with this name does not exist. */ int delete_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_del) { if(find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]) == NULL){ return 1; } else { User *user_to_delete = find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]); //remove as friend for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user_to_delete->friends)[i] != NULL){ User *friend_user = find_user((user_to_delete->friends)[i]->name, user_ptr_del[0]); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if(((friend_user->friends)[i] != NULL) && (friend_user->friends)[i] == user_to_delete){ friend_user->friends[i] = NULL; } } } } //delete the user from the linked list User *curr = user_ptr_del[0]; while((curr->next != NULL) && (curr->next) != user_to_delete){ curr = curr->next; } curr->next = user_to_delete->next; //free all memory related to the user Post *curr_post = user_to_delete->first_post; while(curr_post != NULL){ free(curr_post->contents); free(curr_post->date); free(curr_post); curr_post = curr_post->next; } free(user_to_delete); return 0; } }
null
null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T05:50:48.176Z
General Question
v1
tons of valgrind error makes valgrind stuck and does not show me heap summary. what to do.
null
null
null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T06:03:11.631Z
Help Fix Code
v1
null
#include "friends.h" #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> /* * Create a new user with the given name. Insert it at the tail of the list * of users whose head is pointed to by *user_ptr_add. * * Return: * - 0 if successful * - 1 if a user by this name already exists in this list * - 2 if the given name cannot fit in the 'name' array * (don't forget about the null terminator) */ int create_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_add) { //checking if given name cannot fit in name array if(strlen(name) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } User *new_node = malloc(sizeof(User)); strcpy(new_node->name, name); new_node->first_post = NULL; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ (new_node->friends)[i] = NULL; } new_node->next = NULL; if(user_ptr_add[0] == NULL){ user_ptr_add[0] = new_node; } else { User *curr = user_ptr_add[0]; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr->next = new_node; } } return 0; } /* * Return a pointer to the user with this name in * the list starting with head. Return NULL if no such user exists. * * NOTE: You'll likely need to cast a (const User *) to a (User *) * to satisfy the prototype without warnings. */ User *find_user(const char *name, const User *head) { User *user_head = (User *) head; if(user_head == NULL){ return NULL; } else { User *curr = user_head; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } } return NULL; } /* * Print the usernames of all users in the list starting at curr. * Names should be printed to standard output, one per line. */ void list_users(const User *curr) { User *user_curr = (User *) curr; printf("%s\n", "User List"); if(user_curr == NULL){ ; } else { User curr_user = user_curr[0]; while(curr_user.next != NULL){ printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); curr_user = *(curr_user.next); } printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); } } /* * Change the filename for the profile pic of the given user. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the file does not exist or cannot be opened. * - 2 if the filename is too long. */ int update_pic(User *user, const char *filename) { if(strlen(filename) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } else { FILE *pic = fopen(filename, "r"); if(pic == NULL){ return 1; } else { fclose(pic); strcpy(user->profile_pic, filename); return 0; } } } /* * Make two users friends with each other. This is symmetric - a pointer to * each user must be stored in the 'friends' array of the other. * * New friends must be added in the first empty spot in the 'friends' array. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the two users are already friends. * - 2 if the users are not already friends, but at least one already has * MAX_FRIENDS friends. * - 3 if the same user is passed in twice. * - 4 if at least one user does not exist. * * Do not modify either user if the result is a failure. * NOTE: If multiple errors apply, return the *largest* error code that applies. */ int make_friends(const char *name1, const char *name2, User *head) { User *user1 = find_user(name1, head); User *user2 = find_user(name2, head); if((find_user(name1, head) == NULL) || (find_user(name2, head) == NULL)){ return 4; } else if(strcmp(name1, name2) == 0){ return 3; } else { for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == user2){ return 1; } } int not_max_user1 = 0; int not_max_user2 = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max_user1 = 1; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max_user2 = 1; } } if((not_max_user1==0) || (not_max_user2)==0 ){ return 2; } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user1->friends)[i] = user2; break; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user2->friends)[i] = user1; break; } } return 0; } } /* * Print a user profile. * For an example of the required output format, see the example output * linked from the handout. * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the user is NULL. */ int print_user(const User *user) { if(user == NULL){ return 1; } else { if(user->profile_pic != NULL){ FILE *pic_file; char line[100]; pic_file = fopen(user->profile_pic, "r"); if (pic_file != NULL){ while (fgets(line, 100, pic_file) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } fclose(pic_file); printf("\n"); } } printf("%s%s\n", "Name: ", user->name); printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Friends:"); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user->friends)[i] != NULL){ printf("%s\n", ((user->friends)[i])->name); } } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Posts:"); if(user->first_post == NULL){ ; } else { Post *curr_post = (user->first_post); while(curr_post->next != NULL){ printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); printf("\n%s\n\n", "==="); curr_post = curr_post->next; } printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); return 0; } } /* * Make a new post from 'author' to the 'target' user, * containing the given contents, IF the users are friends. * * Insert the new post at the *front* of the user's list of posts. * * 'contents' is a pointer to heap-allocated memory - you do not need * to allocate more memory to store the contents of the post. * * Return: * - 0 on success * - 1 if users exist but are not friends * - 2 if either User pointer is NULL */ int make_post(const User *author, User *target, char *contents) { if((author == NULL) || (target == NULL)){ return 2; } else { int friends = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((author->friends)[i] == target){ friends = 1; } } if(friends == 0){ return 1; } Post *new_post = malloc(sizeof(Post)); strcpy(new_post->author, author->name); new_post->contents = contents; time_t *post_time = malloc(sizeof(time_t)); *post_time = time(NULL); new_post->date = post_time; new_post->next = target->first_post; target->first_post = new_post; return 0; } } /* * From the list pointed to by *user_ptr_del, delete the user * with the given name. * Remove the deleted user from any lists of friends. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if a user with this name does not exist. */ int delete_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_del) { if(find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]) == NULL){ return 1; } else { User *user_to_delete = find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]); //remove as friend for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user_to_delete->friends)[i] != NULL){ User *friend_user = find_user((user_to_delete->friends)[i]->name, user_ptr_del[0]); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if(((friend_user->friends)[i] != NULL) && (friend_user->friends)[i] == user_to_delete){ friend_user->friends[i] = NULL; } } } } //delete the user from the linked list User *curr = user_ptr_del[0]; if(curr->next == NULL){ user_ptr_del[0] = NULL; } else { while((curr->next != NULL) && ((curr->next) != user_to_delete)){ curr = curr->next; } curr->next = user_to_delete->next; } //free all memory related to the user Post *curr_post = user_to_delete->first_post; while(curr_post != NULL){ free(curr_post->contents); free(curr_post->date); free(curr_post); curr_post = curr_post->next; } free(user_to_delete); return 0; } }
need to fix multiple invalid read erros
null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T06:04:26.232Z
Question from Code
v1
how to fix multiple invalid read erros
#include "friends.h" #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> /* * Create a new user with the given name. Insert it at the tail of the list * of users whose head is pointed to by *user_ptr_add. * * Return: * - 0 if successful * - 1 if a user by this name already exists in this list * - 2 if the given name cannot fit in the 'name' array * (don't forget about the null terminator) */ int create_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_add) { //checking if given name cannot fit in name array if(strlen(name) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } User *new_node = malloc(sizeof(User)); strcpy(new_node->name, name); new_node->first_post = NULL; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ (new_node->friends)[i] = NULL; } new_node->next = NULL; if(user_ptr_add[0] == NULL){ user_ptr_add[0] = new_node; } else { User *curr = user_ptr_add[0]; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return 1; free(new_node); } else { curr->next = new_node; } } return 0; } /* * Return a pointer to the user with this name in * the list starting with head. Return NULL if no such user exists. * * NOTE: You'll likely need to cast a (const User *) to a (User *) * to satisfy the prototype without warnings. */ User *find_user(const char *name, const User *head) { User *user_head = (User *) head; if(user_head == NULL){ return NULL; } else { User *curr = user_head; while(curr->next != NULL){ if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } else { curr = curr->next; } } if(strcmp((*curr).name, name) == 0){ return curr; } } return NULL; } /* * Print the usernames of all users in the list starting at curr. * Names should be printed to standard output, one per line. */ void list_users(const User *curr) { User *user_curr = (User *) curr; printf("%s\n", "User List"); if(user_curr == NULL){ ; } else { User curr_user = user_curr[0]; while(curr_user.next != NULL){ printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); curr_user = *(curr_user.next); } printf("\t%s\n", curr_user.name); } } /* * Change the filename for the profile pic of the given user. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the file does not exist or cannot be opened. * - 2 if the filename is too long. */ int update_pic(User *user, const char *filename) { if(strlen(filename) >= MAX_NAME){ return 2; } else { FILE *pic = fopen(filename, "r"); if(pic == NULL){ return 1; } else { fclose(pic); strcpy(user->profile_pic, filename); return 0; } } } /* * Make two users friends with each other. This is symmetric - a pointer to * each user must be stored in the 'friends' array of the other. * * New friends must be added in the first empty spot in the 'friends' array. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the two users are already friends. * - 2 if the users are not already friends, but at least one already has * MAX_FRIENDS friends. * - 3 if the same user is passed in twice. * - 4 if at least one user does not exist. * * Do not modify either user if the result is a failure. * NOTE: If multiple errors apply, return the *largest* error code that applies. */ int make_friends(const char *name1, const char *name2, User *head) { User *user1 = find_user(name1, head); User *user2 = find_user(name2, head); if((find_user(name1, head) == NULL) || (find_user(name2, head) == NULL)){ return 4; } else if(strcmp(name1, name2) == 0){ return 3; } else { for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == user2){ return 1; } } int not_max_user1 = 0; int not_max_user2 = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max_user1 = 1; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ not_max_user2 = 1; } } if((not_max_user1==0) || (not_max_user2)==0 ){ return 2; } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user1->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user1->friends)[i] = user2; break; } } for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user2->friends)[i] == NULL){ (user2->friends)[i] = user1; break; } } return 0; } } /* * Print a user profile. * For an example of the required output format, see the example output * linked from the handout. * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if the user is NULL. */ int print_user(const User *user) { if(user == NULL){ return 1; } else { if(user->profile_pic != NULL){ FILE *pic_file; char line[100]; pic_file = fopen(user->profile_pic, "r"); if (pic_file != NULL){ while (fgets(line, 100, pic_file) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } fclose(pic_file); printf("\n"); } } printf("%s%s\n", "Name: ", user->name); printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Friends:"); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user->friends)[i] != NULL){ printf("%s\n", ((user->friends)[i])->name); } } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); printf("%s\n", "Posts:"); if(user->first_post == NULL){ ; } else { Post *curr_post = (user->first_post); while(curr_post->next != NULL){ printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); printf("\n%s\n\n", "==="); curr_post = curr_post->next; } printf("%s%s\n", "From: ", curr_post->author); printf("%s%s\n", "Date: ", ctime(curr_post->date)); printf("%s\n", curr_post->contents); } printf("%s\n", "------------------------------------------"); return 0; } } /* * Make a new post from 'author' to the 'target' user, * containing the given contents, IF the users are friends. * * Insert the new post at the *front* of the user's list of posts. * * 'contents' is a pointer to heap-allocated memory - you do not need * to allocate more memory to store the contents of the post. * * Return: * - 0 on success * - 1 if users exist but are not friends * - 2 if either User pointer is NULL */ int make_post(const User *author, User *target, char *contents) { if((author == NULL) || (target == NULL)){ return 2; } else { int friends = 0; for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((author->friends)[i] == target){ friends = 1; } } if(friends == 0){ return 1; } Post *new_post = malloc(sizeof(Post)); strcpy(new_post->author, author->name); new_post->contents = contents; time_t *post_time = malloc(sizeof(time_t)); *post_time = time(NULL); new_post->date = post_time; new_post->next = target->first_post; target->first_post = new_post; return 0; } } /* * From the list pointed to by *user_ptr_del, delete the user * with the given name. * Remove the deleted user from any lists of friends. * * Return: * - 0 on success. * - 1 if a user with this name does not exist. */ int delete_user(const char *name, User **user_ptr_del) { if(find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]) == NULL){ return 1; } else { User *user_to_delete = find_user(name, user_ptr_del[0]); //remove as friend for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if((user_to_delete->friends)[i] != NULL){ User *friend_user = find_user((user_to_delete->friends)[i]->name, user_ptr_del[0]); for(int i = 0; i < MAX_FRIENDS; i++){ if(((friend_user->friends)[i] != NULL) && (friend_user->friends)[i] == user_to_delete){ friend_user->friends[i] = NULL; } } } } //delete the user from the linked list User *curr = user_ptr_del[0]; if(curr->next == NULL){ user_ptr_del[0] = NULL; } else { while((curr->next != NULL) && ((curr->next) != user_to_delete)){ curr = curr->next; } curr->next = user_to_delete->next; } //free all memory related to the user Post *curr_post = user_to_delete->first_post; while(curr_post != NULL){ free(curr_post->contents); free(curr_post->date); free(curr_post); curr_post = curr_post->next; } free(user_to_delete); return 0; } }
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T06:53:27.359Z
General Question
v1
how to use gdb to debug
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null
null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T17:36:02.025Z
General Question
v1
when i intialise char *profile, what is its default value set to
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null
null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T20:39:40.750Z
General Question
v1
how to check if malloc fails
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-15T22:18:42.626Z
General Question
v1
what is memset
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-16T19:21:12.396Z
General Question
v1
c_helper.py:125: in _t stdout, stderr, returncode = self._run_exec(args=args, input_=input_, timeout=timeout) c_helper.py:85: in _run_exec return _exec([os.path.join(".", self.executable_name)] + (args or []), **kwargs) c_helper.py:471: in _exec stdout, stderr = proc.communicate(timeout=timeout, input=input_) /local/packages/python-3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py:1152: in communicate stdout, stderr = self._communicate(input, endtime, timeout) /local/packages/python-3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py:2041: in _communicate stdout = self._translate_newlines(stdout, /local/packages/python-3.10/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py:1029: in _translate_newlines data = data.decode(encoding, errors) E UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xfd in position 4: invalid start byte WHAT IS THIS ERROR?
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-17T20:49:07.750Z
General Question
v1
strncpy(char *dest, "ananyajain", 7) output?
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-24T04:22:09.710Z
Question from Code
v1
what is the output of the code
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // Initialize two parallel lists. void initialize(int *a1, int *a2, int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { a1[i] = i; a2[i] = i; } } int main() { int numbers1[3]; int *numbers2 = malloc(sizeof(int) * 3); initialize(numbers1, numbers2, 3); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { printf("%d %d\n", numbers1[i], numbers2[i]); } free(numbers2); return 0; }
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-25T01:12:08.982Z
General Question
v1
what exactly is the second parameter of strtol
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-25T01:20:27.479Z
Question from Code
v1
what is strlen(a)
char *a = "Hello I"
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-25T01:21:28.920Z
General Question
v1
is strlen(a) 7 or 8 or 9
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-25T01:21:55.847Z
Question from Code
v1
is strlen(a) 7 or 8 or 9
char *a = "Hello I"
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-25T01:22:23.216Z
General Question
v1
what is strlen(a) when char *a = "Hello I"
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-28T13:42:36.004Z
Question from Code
v1
what will be the output
char *a = "Hello Bruh" char *b = strchr(a, ' ') printf("%s", b)
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-28T13:43:12.003Z
Question from Code
v1
output
char *a = "Hello Bruh" char *b = strchr(a, ' ') - 1 printf("%s", b)
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-28T13:43:40.890Z
Question from Code
v1
output
char *a = "Hello Bruh" char *b = strchr(a, ' ') - 2 printf("%s", b)
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-28T13:57:12.514Z
General Question
v1
how does grep work
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-02-28T13:58:07.770Z
General Question
v1
how does cut work
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-08T20:59:08.860Z
General Question
v1
my child calls a different program using execl which has different exit values. how do i get the exit value the program exited with back to my child
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-09T17:39:55.883Z
General Question
v2
how to write "swim" to stdin
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-09T17:45:14.359Z
General Question
v2
a program called validate is expecting 2 inputs from stdin. my function calls validate using execl. how do i pass the variables i need to as stdin to it.
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-09T19:54:51.918Z
General Question
v2
what is the difference between exit(0) and return 0
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T00:46:58.582Z
General Question
v2
how does strtok work
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T01:23:26.533Z
General Question
v2
Let a string be s = "main : linked_list.o main.o". What is the output of strtok(s, " ")
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T01:35:30.566Z
General Question
v2
how to check is a string starts with \t
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T01:37:30.028Z
Question from Code
v2
what is the value of b
a = "\tHello World" b = strncmp(a, "\t", 1);
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T06:30:58.170Z
Question from Code
v2
what is the value of token
char *a = "\tHello Boss" char *token = strtok(a, " ")
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T07:02:24.286Z
General Question
v2
what does strncmp returning 3 mean
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-11T18:36:25.133Z
General Question
v2
how to find if a char is in a string
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-13T17:16:17.258Z
Question from Code
v2
what is the value of a[0]
char *a = "Hello I am Kaavya";
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-13T17:19:27.142Z
General Question
v2
how does stat work?
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-13T20:54:27.091Z
General Question
v2
how to use access to check if a file exists or not
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-13T22:23:42.855Z
General Question
v2
how to check if a string is NULL
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-14T06:59:19.696Z
Question from Code
v2
what is return value of args_to_string({"Hi" , "Kaavya" , NULL}, a, 3
char *args_to_string(char **args, char *buffer, int size) { buffer[0] = '\0'; int i = 0; while (args[i] != NULL) { strncat(buffer, args[i], size - strlen(buffer)); strncat(buffer, " ", size - strlen(buffer)); i++; } return buffer; } char *a = malloc(256);
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-14T07:00:09.491Z
Question from Code
v2
what is return value of args_to_string({"Hi" , "Kaavya" , NULL}, a, 256)
char *args_to_string(char **args, char *buffer, int size) { buffer[0] = '\0'; int i = 0; while (args[i] != NULL) { strncat(buffer, args[i], size - strlen(buffer)); strncat(buffer, " ", size - strlen(buffer)); i++; } return buffer; } char *a = malloc(256);
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-14T07:07:45.074Z
General Question
v2
how to update the updated time of a file
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-14T07:45:21.157Z
General Question
v2
Can you use variables declared in the main stack directly in a function and change its value globally (variable of type int)
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-15T05:54:19.022Z
General Question
v2
how to mention the start and end numbers for random()
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-17T02:07:41.161Z
General Question
v2
how to use random() to generate numbers between 0 to 99 inclusive in C
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-17T02:08:26.512Z
Help Write Code
v2
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how to use random() to generate numbers between 0 to 99 inclusive in C
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-21T23:19:14.843Z
Question from Code
v2
what is a[2]
char *a = "Hello"
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-26T01:23:35.472Z
Question from Code
v2
why am i getting a \n in my msg
int read_from(int client_index, struct sockname *users) { int fd = users[client_index].sock_fd; char buf[BUF_SIZE + 1]; int num_read = read(fd, &buf, BUF_SIZE); buf[num_read] = '\0'; if (users[client_index].username == NULL) { if (num_read == 0) { users[client_index].sock_fd = -1; return fd; } users[client_index].username = malloc(num_read + 1); strncpy(users[client_index].username, buf, num_read + 1); return 0; } if (num_read == 0 || write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)) != strlen(buf)) { users[client_index].sock_fd = -1; return fd; } char *msg = malloc(num_read + 3 + strlen(users[client_index].username)); sprintf(msg, "%s: %s", users[client_index].username, buf); for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CONNECTIONS; i++) { if (users[i].sock_fd != -1) { write(users[i].sock_fd, msg, strlen(msg)); } } free(msg); return 0; }
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-03-27T04:40:39.790Z
General Question
v2
area=`expr $width * $height` why is this incorrect
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63c647fb5f004bf4898cf865
2023-04-04T22:59:31.345Z
Question from Code
v2
does the given code work
char *a; a = "Hello";
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf86a
2023-01-25T01:44:10.416Z
General Question
v1
How do I reassign a string in C
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf86a
2023-01-25T02:15:37.567Z
General Question
v1
How do I read a file through stdin in C
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf86a
2023-01-25T02:16:54.510Z
General Question
v1
How do I use scanf to read a redirected file
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf86a
2023-01-25T15:05:23.024Z
General Question
v1
How do I use a function in one C file in another C file
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null
63c647fb5f004bf4898cf86a
2023-01-25T15:22:01.497Z
General Question
v1
How to convert char to int
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T15:40:50.302Z
General Question
v1
split string on spaces
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T15:49:59.570Z
General Question
v1
how do i read a file line by line
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T16:11:49.425Z
General Question
v1
read character by character in a string
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T16:15:41.136Z
General Question
v1
does fgets overwrite the string array
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T16:44:26.728Z
General Question
v1
dictionaries in C
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T17:14:22.595Z
General Question
v1
count number of spaces in string
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T20:50:40.799Z
General Question
v1
how to read the last string in a string delimeted by a delimeter using strtok
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T21:30:51.805Z
Question from Code
v1
strtok doesnt work as expected, last string in line cannot be obtained
//get the target name targets = strtok(line, " "); printf("%s \n", targets); //create the Rule datatype if (curr_rule == NULL){ curr_rule = malloc(sizeof(Rule)); head = curr_rule; }else{ Rule * new_rule = malloc(sizeof(Rule)); (curr_rule -> next_rule) = new_rule; curr_rule = new_rule; } curr_rule -> next_rule = NULL; //set the name properly (curr_rule -> target) = malloc(sizeof(char) * (strlen(targets) + 1)); strncpy(curr_rule -> target, targets, sizeof(char) * (strlen(targets) + 1)); (curr_rule -> target)[strlen(curr_rule -> target)] = '\0'; //link the dependencies targets = strtok(NULL, " "); while (targets != NULL){ printf("%s \n", targets); targets = strtok(NULL, " "); if (targets != NULL){ link_dependencies(targets, curr_dependency, head); } }
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-07T21:31:42.917Z
Explain Code
v1
null
//get the target name targets = strtok(line, " "); printf("%s \n", targets); //create the Rule datatype if (curr_rule == NULL){ curr_rule = malloc(sizeof(Rule)); head = curr_rule; }else{ Rule * new_rule = malloc(sizeof(Rule)); (curr_rule -> next_rule) = new_rule; curr_rule = new_rule; } curr_rule -> next_rule = NULL; //set the name properly (curr_rule -> target) = malloc(sizeof(char) * (strlen(targets) + 1)); strncpy(curr_rule -> target, targets, sizeof(char) * (strlen(targets) + 1)); (curr_rule -> target)[strlen(curr_rule -> target)] = '\0'; //link the dependencies targets = strtok(NULL, " "); while (targets != NULL){ printf("%s \n", targets); targets = strtok(NULL, " "); if (targets != NULL){ link_dependencies(targets, curr_dependency, head); } }
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-08T17:48:54.125Z
General Question
v1
skip the first character in a string literal
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-09T17:41:38.147Z
General Question
v2
print a char** array
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-09T17:53:26.927Z
General Question
v2
how does recursion work in C?
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-09T18:09:05.366Z
General Question
v2
how do i make my function wait on a recursive call without using fork in C?
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-14T22:36:12.789Z
General Question
v2
how do i use random in C? it says it need RAND_MAX, how do i set it myself?
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null
63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-14T23:05:10.130Z
Question from Code
v2
not reading binary file correctly. giving me random values.
#include <signal.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <unistd.h> #define MESSAGE "%ld reads were done in %ld seconds.\n" long num_reads, seconds; int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: time_reads s filename\n"); exit(1); } seconds = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(argv[2], "r")) == NULL) { perror("fopen"); exit(1); } int rand_idx; int value_at_idx; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { rand_idx = (int)(((double)random() / RAND_MAX) * 99); fseek(fp, rand_idx, SEEK_SET); fread(&value_at_idx, sizeof(int), 1, fp); printf("%i\n", value_at_idx); } return 1; }
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63c647fc5f004bf4898cf874
2023-03-27T16:33:22.584Z
General Question
v2
I am unable to use asprintf, eventhough i have defined _GNU_SOURCE and imported stdio.h
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null
63c647fd5f004bf4898cf879
2023-01-31T19:42:37.938Z
General Question
v1
Is the function strcpy safe?
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null
63c647fd5f004bf4898cf879
2023-01-31T19:45:48.601Z
General Question
v1
How to copy a string to an array of char in C safely?
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null
63c647ff5f004bf4898cf888
2023-01-23T22:55:59.232Z
Help Fix Code
v1
null
hile (scanf(" %c %s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s", &file_type, permissions, &file_size) != EOF) {
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63c647ff5f004bf4898cf888
2023-01-23T22:56:43.380Z
Help Fix Code
v1
null
while (scanf(" %c %s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s", &file_type, permissions, &file_size) != EOF) {scanf(" %s %d ", temp_s, &temp_i); while (scanf(" %c %s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s ", &file_type, permissions, &file_size) != EOF) { if (file_type == '-' && file_size > cutoff_size) { if (argc == 2){ count_so_far++; } else { if (check_permissions(permissions, argv[2]) == 0) { count_so_far++; } } } }
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null
63c647ff5f004bf4898cf888
2023-01-23T22:57:20.101Z
Help Fix Code
v1
null
while (scanf(" %c %s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s ", &file_type, permissions, &file_size) != EOF) { if (file_type == '-' && file_size > cutoff_size) { if (argc == 2){ count_so_far++; } else { if (check_permissions(permissions, argv[2]) == 0) { count_so_far++; } } } }
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null
63c647ff5f004bf4898cf888
2023-01-23T22:57:51.510Z
Question from Code
v1
why should I put a space after the last %*s
while (scanf(" %c %s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s ", &file_type, permissions, &file_size) != EOF) { if (file_type == '-' && file_size > cutoff_size) { if (argc == 2){ count_so_far++; } else { if (check_permissions(permissions, argv[2]) == 0) { count_so_far++; } } } }
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null
63c647ff5f004bf4898cf88d
2023-01-17T23:44:24.128Z
Explain Code
v1
null
int age[5] = {4, 70, 52, 18, 16}; int *p = age;
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null
63c648025f004bf4898cf89c
2023-01-17T22:01:24.007Z
Question from Code
v1
Why is phone used instead of &phone?
char phone[11]; scanf("%s %d", phone, &index);
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null
63c648025f004bf4898cf89c
2023-01-17T22:03:09.890Z
Help Fix Code
v1
null
char phone[11]; scanf("%s %d", &phone);
get string input and store it in phone.
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T03:55:47.480Z
General Question
v1
why is system("ls -l") of type int?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:38:30.199Z
General Question
v1
does scanf read multiple lines?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:47:59.292Z
Question from Code
v1
how do I only print certain part of stdin?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } if (argc == 2) { char line[32]; while (fgets(line, 32, stdin) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:48:43.044Z
Question from Code
v1
how do i parse stdin without strtok?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } if (argc == 2) { char line[32]; while (fgets(line, 32, stdin) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:49:13.072Z
Question from Code
v1
how do i parse stdin with strtol?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } if (argc == 2) { char line[32]; while (fgets(line, 32, stdin) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:52:42.686Z
Question from Code
v1
inputs of scanf?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } if (argc == 2) { char line[32]; while (fgets(line, 32, stdin) != NULL) { printf("%s", line); } } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:53:44.548Z
General Question
v1
if my stdin is "hello yo 3 191 so what" what are my scanf arguments?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T04:55:17.495Z
General Question
v1
if my stdin is "-rwxrwxrwx 1 kimluci2 kimluci2 763 Jan 22 18:05 Makefile" what are my scanf arguments?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T05:10:17.348Z
General Question
v1
how do i skip the first line of stdin when scanf?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:06:30.169Z
General Question
v1
what is the type of %c%10s
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:10:45.967Z
General Question
v1
how do i initialize a variable of %c%10s
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:12:41.383Z
General Question
v1
is %c variable declared as char
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:27:52.509Z
Question from Code
v1
what does EOF do
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } // TODO: Process command line arguments. if (argc == 2) { int total = 0; char dir; char perms[10]; int size; int param1 = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); while (scanf("%c%10s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s\n", &dir, perms, &size) != EOF) { if (size > param1) { total += 1; } } printf("%d\n", total); } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:28:37.760Z
Question from Code
v1
what does == 3 in the while loop do
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } // TODO: Process command line arguments. if (argc == 2) { int total = 0; char dir; char perms[10]; int size; int param1 = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); while (scanf("%c%10s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s\n", &dir, perms, &size) == 3) { if (size > param1) { total += 1; } } printf("%d\n", total); } return 0; }
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:34:25.907Z
General Question
v1
how do i make scanf ignore the first line?
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null
63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:35:03.922Z
Question from Code
v1
how do i make scanf skip a specific line?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } // TODO: Process command line arguments. if (argc == 2) { int total = 0; char dir; char perms[10]; int size; int param1 = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); while (scanf("%c%10s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s\n", &dir, perms, &size) == 3) { if (size > param1) { total += 1; } } printf("%d\n", total); } return 0; }
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:37:45.311Z
General Question
v1
%*[^\n] what does ths do
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T06:44:42.098Z
Question from Code
v1
how do i ONLY skip the first line from stdin??
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } // TODO: Process command line arguments. if (argc == 2) { int total = 0; char dir; char perms[10]; int size; int param1 = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); while (scanf("%*[^\n] %c%10s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s\n", &dir, perms, &size) != EOF) { if (size > param1) { total += 1; } } printf("%d\n", total); } // TODO: Call check_permissions as part of your solution to count the files to // compute and print the correct value. // if (arg == 3) { // char test[32]; // scanf("%s", test); // int result = check_permissions(); // printf("%d", result); // } return 0; }
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T07:14:18.140Z
Question from Code
v1
why is (dir == "-") giving me errors?
int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (!(argc == 2 || argc == 3)) { fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: count_large size [permissions]\n"); return 1; } // TODO: Process command line arguments. if (argc == 2) { int total = 0; char dir; char perms[10]; int size; int param1 = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 10); scanf("%*[^\n]\n"); while (scanf("%c%10s %*d %*s %*s %d %*s %*d %*s %*s\n", &dir, perms, &size) != EOF) { if ((size > param1) && (dir == "-")) { printf("%c\n", dir); total += 1; } } printf("%d\n", total); } return 0;
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T17:08:26.133Z
General Question
v1
how to check a given integer is 9 digits using % 10 or / 10
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T17:12:11.923Z
Question from Code
v1
what does this return
int help = 100000000 % 10; printf("%d", help);
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T17:12:47.748Z
Question from Code
v1
what does this return
int help = 100923999 % 10; printf("%d", help);
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63c648055f004bf4898cf8bf
2023-01-23T17:13:38.461Z
General Question
v1
how do i check that a given integer is 9 digits?
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