url
stringlengths 13
2.83k
| date
timestamp[s] | file_path
stringlengths 109
155
| language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 32
122k
| dump
stringclasses 96
values | global_id
stringlengths 39
46
| lang
stringclasses 1
value | text
stringlengths 114
554k
| domain
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/53287/20161130/cassini-spacecraft-touch-saturn-s-rings.htm | 2021-11-29T20:58:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358842.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129194957-20211129224957-00065.warc.gz | 0.956222 | 422 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__28676463 | en | Cassini Spacecraft To Touch Saturn’s Rings
NASA's Cassini spacecraft has been orbiting Saturn for the past 12 years, taking among the most detailed images of the giant planet ever captured. However, it is time for the spacecraft to retire -- and it will do so with a last hurrah.
According to The Smithsonian, it is set to get up close and personal with Saturn's rings -- the mysterious things that are considered its most well-known feature. Scientists already know that they are made of rocks and dust, but there is actually little that is known past those.
With increasingly powerful technology, new details have been uncovered, such as faint and wispy outer rings, and even tiny little moons spinning around the giant. Because of this, NASA's spacecraft is going to snap never-before seen photos of the planet's rings and objects.
Cassini project scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said in a statement that they will be skimming past the outer edge of the rings, adding that they have two instruments that can sample particles and gasses along the ring's plane. Thus, the spacecraft is said to be "grazing" them.
NASA reported that the Cassini will be circling high over and under Saturn's poles, diving every seven days for a total of 20 times over the entire period through the unexplored regions of the outer edge of the main rings.
In its last hurrah, Cassini is expected to pass to as close as 1,012 miles above the clouds as it dives through the narrow gaps between Saturn and its rings, before it ends its mission by plunging to the planet's atmosphere on Sep. 15. Still, at this point, some preparatory work is needed, and Cassini is scheduled to perform a brief engine burn during its first super-close approach by Dec. 4.
It will also observe Saturn's atmosphere during the ring-grazing phase to determine how far it hovers above the planet. The data will be important for helping mission engineers determine the proximity at which they can safely fly the craft. | aerospace |
https://www.sciencenorway.no/forskningno-innovation-norway/small-steps-toward-the-colonisation-of-space/1410227 | 2024-04-20T17:20:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817670.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420153103-20240420183103-00296.warc.gz | 0.933414 | 1,667 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__150766442 | en | Small steps toward the colonisation of space
Norwegian scientists will cultivate food plants on the Space Station
The colonisation of space could look like this. The illustrations below are from a workshop arranged by NASA at Stanford University in the mid-1970s. Scientists and engineers were asked to come up with ideas about how humans could manage to live far from our planet.
This proposed spaceship is called a Bernal Sphere and could be capable of housing thousands of people. It is colossal. The spherical section in the middle would have a circumference of over 1.5 km
The proposed spaceship would rotate around its lateral axis, creating artificial gravity as centrifugal force slings people and objects out towards the hull. The faster it rotates, the stronger the artificial gravity.
The space colony would have huge living quarters and rings containing agricultural crops could produce oxygen and feed the inhabitants.
Four decades later, as we know, the Bernal Sphere is merely science fiction. It’s a distant dream for optimistic physicists and space researchers. But back in the ‘70s optimists speculated whether the first of such enormous space colonies could be completed between 2002 and 2008, given that construction could commence in 1990.
Cherry tomatoes in space?
The real colonisation of space inches forward with much tinier steps.
“I do envision that what we can form the basis for food cultivation on the Moon and Mars sometime in the future,” says Ann-Iren Kittang Jost, research manager at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Space (CIRiS) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim.
One of Kittang Jost’s concerns is learning to grow plants on the International Space Station (ISS).
“These are just a few preliminary steps. I don’t want to venture a guess regarding how long it will take before they can be used on a large scale.”
She is now going to lead a new project called TIME SCALE in cooperation with the EU and the European Space Agency (ESA). The main objective is to see how food plants grow in space and how the plants can contribute long-term to supplying space travellers with food and air.
“We haven’t decided which food plant to cultivate yet. We’ve discussed cherry tomatoes, lettuce or soybeans.”
Recycling in space
Humans require quite a lot to survive. An astronaut needs about 30kg of water, food and air altogether daily.
This accumulates over time to many, many tonnes. Even if some water can be recycled, many supplies now have to be sent up from Earth. Each kilo of freight shuttled to the ISS costs thousands of dollars.
If we wish to journey further away from our planet, into space or to other planets, it would be not just ridiculously expensive but physically impractical or outright impossible to maintain a supply chain from Earth.
Such future ventures would have to rely on closed life-support systems. Water, nutrients, air and waste would all have to be recycled in a viable ecosystem – a scaled-down version of what we have on Earth. The ideal would be to recycle everything. We don’t know yet if this is feasible.
Astronauts would need to live on recycled food, water and air, with systems for converting body waste into nourishment.
A key piece of that puzzle is horticulture. Plants convert carbon dioxide and nutrients in soil and water into oxygen and food.
Space is different
But a whole lot needs to be figured out before greenhouses can be constructed in space.
Plant experiments at the International Space Station (ISS) have been run from control room at CIRiS in Trondheim since 2006. The instructions are given from Trondheim but the experiments are implemented in a module aboard the ISS.
Most of the research to date has been on the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This little weed is a model plant – its entire genome has been charted.
Water, air and stressed plants
The EMCS module is being rebuilt and upgraded so that, among other things, it can used to study how food plants grow under conditions in the ISS.
The space station has a very different environment than fertile soil on Earth. All nutrients to the plants will be meticulously added and monitored. Both air and water behave differently than they do on the planet surface.
“There is no up or down in the microgravity of the space station,” explains Kittang Jost.
“One of the big challenges is to administer exactly the right amount of water and nutrients to the plants in such little gravity.”
There are no currents of air or water in space. Both stay put if no machines are circulating them.
“We have seen that a stationary film of air forms around a plant, so it just stands there ‘breathing’ the same air,” says Kittang Jost.
(In this video you can see Chris Hadfield demonstrate how water behaves in microgravity when he rings out a wet washcloth on the space station.)
At the same time, systems need to be developed and deployed which monitor plant stress. Sensors detect whether a plant emits volatile organic compounds, a plant’s version of a hormone.
“We can see that a plant isn’t getting enough water and thus monitor its health.”
The plants are packed together in a kind of rock, rather than in loose soil.
Pick your gravity, Mars or the Moon?
Like the Bernal Sphere, the old and the new versions of the module have artificial gravity.
So another point of the experiment is to study how plants react to different gravitational conditions.
The plants live and grow in a centrifuge which can be set at different RPMs to mimic gravity on Mars or the Moon. Martian gravity is about a third of ours, whereas lunar gravity is less than a sixth.
“We don’t know much about how food plants behave in these gravities,” says Kittang Jost.
“It is assumed that plants grow okay in lower gravities if we have managed to cultivate them in micro-gravitational conditions, but there is a clear distinction.”
Once a cherry tomato ripens in a prospective greenhouse on a space station or on a lunar base, it will ends up in an astronaut’s stomach.
The astronaut will eventually visit a toilet and the waste will have to be recycled into fertiliser or nutrients for plants or algae, which in turn will use photosynthesis to create oxygen and more food.
This entire self-contained cycle is being tested in the ESA project MELISSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative). A demonstration facility featuring such a closed system was opened at the University of Barcelona in 2009 to test and refine prospective technologies.
(Algae research in a MELISSA context can be seen in this video.)
Last summer a photo-bio reactor was launched into space. This is a closed container in which light is used as the energy source for microorganisms which convert carbon dioxide to oxygen.
ESA hopes to put these essential puzzle pieces in place eventually. However, the agency is operating with distant time horizons. According to the long-term plans for MELISSA, a fully functional closed ecosystem will be up and running in space by 2050.
Despite its name, the TIME SCALE project at CIRiS in Trondheim does not have such longevity. The ISS’s service time has recently been extended and according to plan it will remain in operation until the end of 2024.
Translated by: Glenn Ostling
- Wolff, Kiitang Jost, m.fl: Effects of the Extraterrestrial Environment on Plants: Recommendations for Future Space Experiments for the MELiSSA Higher Plant Compartment. 189-204; doi:10.3390/life4020189 | aerospace |
https://www.isavia.is/annualreport2018/economy/scope-of-operations | 2024-02-27T13:47:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474676.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227121318-20240227151318-00178.warc.gz | 0.953898 | 232 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__100246930 | en | Two factors have the greatest impact on the scope of Isavia’s operations: the number of flight movements and the number of passengers. Isavia’s income from Keflavík Airport can be attributed first and foremost to the airlines that land at the airport, rent income from catering and retail outlets as well as other income from renting facilities.
As a whole, the company’s operations have widened in scope as compared to last year. Domestic flight passenger throughput decreased by around 4.5%, while the number of international passengers travelling through domestic airports increased by 8%. At Keflavík Airport, the number of passengers increased by 12%; and traffic in Icelandic airspace increased by 5.8% in 2018.
Three aircraft operators ran scheduled flights within Iceland, i.e. Air Iceland Connect, Flugfélagið Ernir and Norlandair. Other aircraft operators who regularly used Isavia services were Mýflug, Circle Air, Atlantsflug and Norðurflug. Vesturflug / Blue West and Helo operate a helicopter service at the company’s airports. | aerospace |
https://techround.co.uk/startups/access-private-jets-startups/ | 2024-02-23T23:07:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00413.warc.gz | 0.931427 | 1,370 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__115311505 | en | What comes to mind when pondering private jet travel? Images of celebrities boarding their personal aircraft, reclining on luxurious seats while sipping champagne, or concerns about the environmental repercussions may swim to the surface.
There is some unavoidable truth in these stereotypes. After all, this mode of transport is widely expensive, exclusive and a non-sustainable way of travel. However, the landscape of this industry is undergoing positive transformations.
The private aviation sector is not only adapting to become more environmentally sustainable but there is also a growing movement towards making it more accessible to a broader audience. This shift is notably championed by various startups within the sector.
Can You Hire A Private Jet?
First and foremost, let’s debunk the notion that private jets exclusively cater to billionaires and celebrities. Private jet travel is accessible to anyone with the means to hire or charter one.
As of late 2023, the United Kingdom boasts one of the largest private jet markets in Europe, second only to France. The leading hubs globally include Australia, Canada, and the United States, the latter taking the top spot according to Simply Flying.
Notably, the US saw over 3.3 million private jet flights in 2022 as part of a 23% increase in business jet travel since the start of the pandemic.
These statistics underscore not only the most active private aviation markets worldwide but also demonstrate that the trend of chartering private jets is becoming increasingly common on a global scale.
Already, this suggests a shift toward greater accessibility in the industry, portraying private jets as a progressively common and normalised mode of transport.
Of course, this must be taken with a pinch of salt. It wouldn’t be accurate to say private jets have become the ‘norm’ of air travel by any means. After all, chartering a private jet can cost between £6,000 to £60,000 on average depending on the type of jet and the duration of your charter, according to Air Charter.
Moreover, acquiring a private jet entails significantly pricer costs. Air Charter proceeds to state an average valuation ranging from £1 million to £60 million.
Given these consistently high prices, the question arises: How, then, are private jets becoming a more attainable and accessible mode of travel?
Startups and the Democratisation of Private Aviation
The allure of private jets is undeniable. Not only do they present a luxurious way of travel, but they offer a lot of practical benefits.
Foremost among these advantages is that flyers can bypass the commercial airport chaos. Simply arrive shortly before your flight and go straight through the private terminal – ideal for anyone with a busy schedule.
Moreover, a private jet provides a personalised and convenient flying experience. Staff are there to cater to your specific needs, you can easily fly together if travelling in a large group or get some peace and quiet if you need to work on the plane.
Flexibility is another key perk, allowing you to book a ticket mere hours in advance and access smaller airports beyond the reach of commercial flights.
Considering these practical benefits, the question arises: shouldn’t everyone be able to enjoy them? Numerous private aviation startups certainly think so, actively working to enhance accessibility to their jets.
“As an industry, we are experiencing the democratization of private aviation,” says Stephanie Chung, president of private jet company JetSuite.
“The private jet experience has become more practical by allowing people to pay for just the flight hours they need,” she continued.
A Closer Look At Private Aviation Startups
Not limited to just jets, Blade, established in 2014, provides a platform for booking transport via helicopters or seaplanes. Offering a cost-effective alternative to the average $22,000 private jet trip from New York to Miami, a Blade Bounce helicopter flight is approximately $700 and can be conveniently booked through the Blade app, as reported by AFAR.
Another player in the field is Mirai Flights, dedicated to making private jet travel more accessible. They offer domestic and international flight options through a user-friendly online booking system. The organisation’s ‘Empty Legs’ subscription service notifies users of discounted flight options, with potential savings of up to 70%.
JetSmarter, requiring a $2,500 membership fee, allows users to share rides on existing chartered flights within its network. The process is streamlined through an easy-to-use app, enabling users to request specific flights and dates.
Verijet positions itself as the “Uber of private point-to-point air travel,” promising a seamless flying experience from local airports, while another company also vying to be the “Uber” of the sky, the appropriately named Uberjets, is an app to help users find and book charter aircraft between multiple destinations.
JSX offers a hybrid experience between commercial and private jet travel with regular flights within California costing $300 for a round-trip – a comparative fraction of the typical jet flight price.
Finally, Set Jet distinguishes itself through comparative affordability and a subscription-based service. With rates starting at $99.95 per month, customers can subscribe to the Jet Set service, accessing chartered flights starting from $750 one-way. This offers an affordable option with bookings available from four months in advance to as late as an hour before takeoff.
In a race to become the “Uber” of private aviation, these startups are reshaping the landscape of air travel.
Are Private Jets Worth It?
So, we can see the private jet industry is finding ways to embrace a broader audience But does that mean you should hop on one the next time you travel?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, but there are some factors to consider before chartering or purchasing a private jet.
To begin with, the cost. Is it worth it?
While these startups demonstrate that the price of these jets can be more financially accessible, crucial considerations persist: Is the upfront cost comfortably within your means? Will the frequency and distance of travel be enough to justify the investment? Is flying commercial not a possibility for your planned journeys?
Secondly, the environmental impact.
According to Simply Flying, private jets release a minimum of 10 times more pollutants per passenger than commercial planes. Despite increased awareness and sustainable efforts by private aviation companies, particularly startups, private aviation options still aren’t exactly environmentally economical.
But if you don’t plan to excessively utilise private jet travel and have a real need for the practical benefits, especially for work-related purposes, exploring the services of the aforementioned startups could, indeed, be worth it. | aerospace |
https://justaviation.aero/flight-permits/guam/ | 2024-02-29T12:21:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474808.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229103115-20240229133115-00086.warc.gz | 0.881029 | 572 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__84256649 | en | Efficient Business Aviation Permissions for Overflight and Landings at Guam International Airports
Discover unmatched flight permit solutions for Guam International Airports with Just Aviation. Our expertise lies in securing aviation permits and all necessary authorizations to facilitate your aircraft’s seamless journey, encompassing overflight and landing permits. Count on us for swift permit acquisition, even on short notice, streamlining your trip planning. Make Just Aviation your trusted partner for a stress-free experience at Guam International Airports.
Overflight Permits in Guam’s International Operations
When planning flights to Guam, it’s crucial to consider overflight permits. Guam has two airports, with PGUM being the primary choice for general aviation. However, if you intend to use PGUA (an air force base), ensure you have the necessary permissions, especially for diplomatic or U.S. military flights. PGUM, a 24-hour Airport of Entry (AOE), provides 24/7 customs availability with advance notification and comprehensive ground support services. While overflying Guam, make sure you adhere to the proper routes and permissions to ensure a smooth journey.
Landing Permits in Guam’s International Operations
For all aircraft, including private and charter flights, landing permits are a requirement when flying to Guam. It’s advisable to request these permits at least seven days in advance due to documentation requirements. While short-notice requests may be possible, it’s best to plan ahead. Landing permits can be obtained directly from the PGUM airport authority or through a third-party provider. Keep in mind that permits are typically required for each operation, unless you’re a “signatory carrier” with an annual landing permit. Ensure that your documentation, including registration, insurance, and schedules, is complete and up-to-date, and comply with Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine (CIQ) procedures, which are mandatory for all inbound flights to Guam.
How to secure flight permits in Guam ?
Streamline Your Guam International Airport Operations with Expert Flight Permit Assistance. Reach out to us at [email protected] for a hassle-free journey. Our dedicated team is here to provide comprehensive flight permit support, ensuring a smooth and effortless experience at Guam International Airports.
The Guam Civil Aviation Authority (ACCA) is responsible for issuing overflight permits for Guam.
The ACCA oversees compliance with regulatory requirements and ensures the efficient administration of overflight permits.
The Guam Civil Aviation Authority directly issues air navigation bills to the respective airline/operator through the established channel of the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
The ACCA operates during specific working hours, starting from 2100Z and concluding at 0400Z, for inquiries, application processing, and relevant operations related to overflight permits in Guam. | aerospace |
https://paranormalforum.net/threads/incoming-out-of-control-rocket.24037/ | 2021-05-19T00:36:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989874.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20210518222121-20210519012121-00475.warc.gz | 0.960326 | 435 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__124916669 | en | A Chinese rocket that is currently in a failing orbit is likely to at least partially survive re-entry and fall to Earth.
Plus, it’s salvage; so grab it and own it.
Fine, so are they responsible if their junk falls on somebody?Woah there, Billy-O!
There is, unfortunately, a thing called International Space Law which states:
A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control over such object, and over any personnel thereof, while in outer space or on a celestial body. Ownership of objects launched into outer space, including objects landed or constructed on a celestial body, and of their component parts, is not affected by their presence in outer space or on a celestial body or by their return to the Earth. Such objects or component parts found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on whose registry they are carried shall be returned to that State Party, which shall, upon request, furnish identifying data prior to their return.
In other words, once a space object is launched into outer space, it continues to be registered to the country that launched it, even it returns to earth, much in the same way a federal warship continues to belong to its nation of origin under Maritime Law. This concept applies to space objects owned by non-governmental organisations and governmental organisations alike. The effect of this continued ownership and jurisdiction is the concept of law of finds and pure salvage found in the maritime concept are not applicable to outer space.
The only way a commercial company (or if you are a millionaire, a private individual) can legally salvage anything to do with the space industry, is if they are contracted to do so by the owning body.
Sucks, I know.......
Yes, and it's happened before. In the late 70s, a Soviet satellite (with a nuclear reactor) fell in Canada. The Soviets paid the Canadians over $3M in clean up costs and damages. This occurred while I was in school, Armstrong talked about it in class.Fine, so are they responsible if their junk falls on somebody? | aerospace |
http://www.neptec.com/ | 2015-07-06T22:12:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375098849.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031818-00079-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.923167 | 120 | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-27__0__170337444 | en | Neptec develops innovative 3D machine vision solutions for harsh environments. We operate as two affiliated companies.
Neptec Design Group Ltd. specializes in the development, integration and support of intelligent sensors and payloads for the Space market.
|Neptec UK Limited provides support to our European based customers as well as specializing in the UK development of space qualified metrology instruments, IR cameras and other intelligent sensors.|
|Neptec Technologies Corp. develops and sells innovative 3D machine vision products for terrestrial markets such as mining, oil and gas, construction, defence and security.| | aerospace |
http://www.apsense.com/article/get-access-to-finest-aeromedical-services-with-air-ambulance-from-ranchi.html | 2023-09-29T06:42:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510498.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929054611-20230929084611-00370.warc.gz | 0.909528 | 774 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__325795520 | en | Get Access to Finest Aeromedical Services with Air Ambulance from Ranchiby Decan Air Ambulance Air and Train Ambulance services
Since inception, Decan Air Ambulance Services has been constantly delivering the utmost and state-of-the-art medical amenities and provision. Air Ambulance from Ranchi bestows gratifying atmosphere in the aircraft similar to any other hospital ICU. The service aircraft is accurately deliberated with all the vital essential medical supplies that may require to the patient especially when onboard. The Service entails a complete bed-to-bed patient transfer, implementing smooth patient transfer execution from Ranchi to the destined city. Air Ambulance Service in Ranchi is broadly available every 24 hours and 7 days a week to deliver medical supplies in regard to instant emergencies.
Air Ambulance in Ranchi precisely proposed to meet the vital medical essentials of the patient when onboard specifically. Our service air ambulance embraces both domestic and charter air ambulance to deliberately meet our patient requirement. Decan Air Ambulance Ranchi is well-appointed full-fledged equipped with up-to-the-minute and hi-tech medical tool and apparatus to monitor every action of the patient onboard. The aircraft is always ready and equipped to meet your patient requirement in regard to immediate move from Ranchi anytime, whether day or night.
Book Most Affordable Air Ambulance from Ranchi by Decan Air Ambulance with Updated Facilities
Air Ambulance from Ranchi Cost is totally affordable and reliable to avail if we talk about in concern to service charges. Decan Air Ambulance Services holds budget-friendly aeromedical services and embrace cost-effective flight evacuation. Therefore, Air Ambulance Ranchi Cost is reasonably priced to avail medical services with fruitful benefits and outcomes. We entail reasonable service cost in regard to patient transfer and providing the patient with equipped medical assistance.
Air Ambulance in Ranchi provides instant patient transfer from Ranchi to Delhi and many more destined city as per reliability of your patient. We provide a quick and smooth transfer for every city across the nation. Yes, Decan Air Ambulance Service embraces its prominent Air Medical Travel Service-wide across India. Some of the major cities include New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Vellore, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and more.
Opt Decan Air Ambulance Services for Safe and Hassle Free Transfer Facility
Air Ambulance from Ranchi to Delhi, at ease, will fly your patient, generating your flight journey comfier and pleasing on the same way for both patients as well as the family. Similarly, Air Ambulance from Ranchi to Chennai, moving with Decan Air Ambulance Services will take care of every vital medical necessity that your patient may require and assures the safest and comfort air medical travel throughout the journey. Moving with Air Ambulance Ranchi to Delhi will provide you with all your required comfort and manned things from end-to-end.
Hence, Air Ambulance from Ranchi will move your patient widespread across the nation-wide, with the dedicated and truly committed medical crew to manage and look after things onboard. If you require moving from Ranchi directly then please look ahead to contact Decan Air Ambulance Services. The service will assist you from your doorstep and will manned things from end-to-end. Be sure to look for the most appropriate Air Ambulance Service from Ranchi. Now same Air Ambulance facility is also available in Jamshedpur, so call on +91-9319619589, +91-9319830138 for best Air Ambulance in Jamshedpur by Decan Air Ambulance Services.
Created on Jan 18th 2019 01:34. Viewed 531 times. | aerospace |
https://www.robinage.com/mars-dust-devil/ | 2024-04-25T14:04:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297295329.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425130216-20240425160216-00114.warc.gz | 0.936753 | 196 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__147344506 | en | January 16, 2023
For the first time ever, National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Perseverance Rover recorded the audio of a dust devil on Mars. A dust devil is a short-lived whirlwind filled with dust and grit. The audio of the dust devil was released by NASA’s scientists on December 13, 2022. The rover, which is operating at the Jezero Crater on Mars, captured the sounds through its microphone when the 118mt high and 25mt wide dust devil passed over it at a speed of 5mts per second on September 27, 2021.
According to scientists, the sounds of Mars’ dust devil are just like those of Earth’s dust devils but quieter, as Mars possesses a thin atmosphere. The study of this audio will enhance scientists’ understanding of Mars’ climate and weather.
Did You Know?
The atmosphere on Mars consists of over 95% carbon dioxide. | aerospace |
https://chicagoboyz.net/archives/52530.html | 2024-04-13T12:35:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816734.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413114018-20240413144018-00758.warc.gz | 0.956016 | 1,086 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__147158057 | en | Little noticed by many, but SpaceX has moved another step towards a Mars landing (from Nasa Spaceflight).
SpaceX has entered into an agreement with NASA for a Dragon mission to Mars, set to take place as early as 2018. Known as “Red Dragon”, the variant of the Dragon 2 spacecraft will be launched by the Falcon Heavy rocket, ahead of a soft landing on the surface of Mars. The mission is also part of an agreement with NASA to gain further data on Mars landings.
Getting mankind to Mars was the original purpose for the creation of SpaceX. Everything they have done, from building the Falcon rocket to creating the commercial launch service, has been to lay the technological and financial foundation for putting people on Mars, permanently. The next developmental step is to build and test the Falcon Heavy, a three booster version of the Falcon rocket.
Falcon Heavy will generate over 5 million pounds of thrust from 27 Merlin engines (9 engines x 3 cores) and have a payload of 119,000 lb to LEO and 30,000 lb to Trans-Mars Injection orbit (TMI) and 26,000 lb direct to Mars. Launch cost, minus payload, is expected to be around $90 million. According to Elon Musk, “Falcon Heavy will carry more payload to orbit or escape velocity than any vehicle in history, apart from the Saturn V moon rocket.” Falcon Heavy is expected to debut this year and make its maiden voyage from Vandenberg AFB. According to their agreement with the USAF, certification to carry national security payloads will occur after 3 successful flights and 2 successful consecutive flights.
Early payloads to Mars, including supplies and habitats, will be carried in the Dragon V2 spacecraft which will make propulsive landings on the surface. Dragon V2 is capable of carrying up to seven passengers, but has an interior volume comparable to an SUV, so it would not be suitable for a long duration journey. For that we will need something that is notionally called the Mars Colonial Transporter. It will carry sufficient supplies, living spaces, eating spaces, and everything required to support a crew of 5-10 people for the 3 month journey. The current SpaceX timeframe for putting its first ‘colonists’ on Mars is the mid 2020’s, so an MCT is not required for another 10 years. NASA, meanwhile, has begun planning for an upgraded Deep Space Network communications system in order to support increased human and machine activity at Mars as well as support increasingly capable and communications intensive space exploration missions. NASA itself is in the planning and development stages for its own humans on Mars missions sometime in the mid 2030’s and has undertaken the design of the Space Launch System (SLS) as a means to accomplish that and more.
For timeline comparison, consider this Illustrated History of the Saturn Program which even included a concept to return and recover the boosters on paraglider chutes:
In April 1957 the scientific organization directed by Dr. Wernher von Braun began studies which led to Saturn, America’s first rocket developed for space investigation. The team at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, hoped to design launch vehicles that could carry 20,000 to 40,000 pound payloads for orbital missions or 6,000 to 12,000 pound payloads for escape missions. High-thrust booster stages were essential.
In December 1957 the von Braun group, then working with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), proposed a program to the Department of Defense (DOD).1 At that time the United States was considering an integrated missile and space vehicle development program. Creation of a booster with 1,500,000 pounds of thrust was the aim of the proposed program.
1958 ~ August
On August 15, 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) formally initiated what was to become the Saturn project. The agency, a separately organized research and development arm of the Department of Defense, authorized ABMA to conduct a research and development program at Redstone Arsenal for a 1,500,000 pound thrust vehicle booster. A number of available rocket engines would be clustered. This design would be tested by a full-scale static firing by the end of 1959.2
Catch that? Concept to initial test firing of a 1,500,000 pound thrust vehicle booster in two years. That was early NASA. That’s when NASA was run by scientists and engineers and staffed by technicians who were veterans of WWII weapons and aircraft development and early jet aircraft development. They conceived an idea, refined and designed it, then went out about building and testing it right away. That approach is how we went from monoplanes to the SR-71 in twenty years. That is how we went from an idea for a heavy lift space vehicle in 1957 to men walking on the moon in 1969, twelve years later. SpaceX is run by the kind of people that used to run NASA. And the development work is paid for by the profits from the commercial side of their business.
The Saturn Propulsion System (video) – Interesting video from MSFC, 1962
Bonus link – Here’s a panning video of the CRS-8 first stage returning the droneship. Pan up to watch the booster descending to the ship. :-P | aerospace |
https://laoferta.com/2016/09/09/osiris-rex-space-probe-lifts-off-to-explore-bennu-asteroid/ | 2023-03-26T22:26:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296946535.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326204136-20230326234136-00684.warc.gz | 0.927134 | 416 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__88800341 | en | Washington Sep 8, (efe_epa).- NASA’s Atlas V rocket lifted off on Thursday from Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA, with the OSIRIS-REx space probe en route to the asteroid Bennu, whose trajectory could be a danger to Earth in the future.
The probe, whose acronym stands for Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer spacecraft (OSIRIS-REx),took off at 19.05 local time (23.05 GMT), and is expected to return to Earth after seven years, hopefully bringing back samples from Bennu.
The OSIRIS-REx will collect at least 60 grams of the asteroid’s rocky surface and bring them back to Earth for further scientific analysis in detail, hoping to decode the mysteries of our solar system’s origin, as well as life on our planet.
The principal investigator of the mission, Dante Lauretta, said this week “The primary objective of the mission is to bring back 60 grams of pristine carbon-rich material from the surface of Bennu,” and “We expect these samples will contain organic molecules from the early solar system that may give us information and clues to the origin of life.”
Bennu, approximately 500 m wide and traveling at about 100,000 km per hour, has been selected by NASA as the target of this mission because of its primitive asteroid condition, in which the surface is covered with materials similar to those that predominated during the beginning of the solar system’s formation.
Another objective of the probe is to study Bennu’s characteristics, as well as its shape, size, mass and orbit, which is almost circular and approaches the Earth every six years.
NASA includes the Bennu asteroid on its list of Potentially Hazardous Asteriods (PHA) closest to Earth, as, according to current calculations, it has a 1 in 2,700 chance of hitting the Earth sometime between 2175 and 2199. | aerospace |
https://photos.com/featured/salute-the-moon-hulton-archive.html?product=metal-print | 2023-06-02T18:01:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648850.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602172755-20230602202755-00457.warc.gz | 0.783024 | 302 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__247749384 | en | Salute The Moon Metal Print
by Hulton Archive
Salute The Moon by Hulton Archive - 8" x 7.5"
Salute The Moon metal print by Hulton Archive. Bring your artwork to life with the stylish lines and added depth of a metal print. Your image gets printed directly onto a sheet of 1/16" thick aluminum. The aluminum sheet is offset from the wall by a 3/4" thick wooden frame which is attached to the back. The high gloss of the aluminum sheet complements the rich colors of any image to produce stunning results.
August 1971: Astronaut James Irwin salutes in front of the landing module of the Apollo 15 on the moon. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty... more
3 - 4 business days
Metal Print Tags
August 1971: Astronaut James Irwin salutes in front of the landing module of the Apollo 15 on the moon. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Image provided by Getty Images.
There are no comments for Salute The Moon. Click here to post the first comment. | aerospace |
https://energynews.biz/hydrogen-powered-flight-takes-off-with-lightning-mcclean/ | 2023-09-29T06:50:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510498.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929054611-20230929084611-00417.warc.gz | 0.924415 | 648 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__39848753 | en | As the world seeks sustainable solutions to combat climate change, the aviation industry has set its sights on a groundbreaking technology: hydrogen-powered flight. Meet “Lightning McClean,” one of the first airplanes to experience hydrogen-powered flight, owned by L.A. startup Universal Hydrogen.
Universal Hydrogen is on a mission to revolutionize the aviation industry by making carbon-free aviation a reality. To achieve this, the company is developing a hydrogen retrofit kit and modular fueling solution, aiming to transform existing regional aircraft into clean and efficient hydrogen-powered machines. Loris Griner, Director of Powertrain Engineering and Flight Tests at Universal Hydrogen, believes that this transition holds the key to reducing emissions from aviation significantly.
The retrofit kit developed by Universal Hydrogen is a fuel cell electric powertrain designed to replace traditional engines on regional aircraft. By converting them to hydrogen power, these aircraft can operate with zero carbon emissions. The process involves reacting hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity, powering the electric motor that drives the propeller, and propelling the aircraft forward.
Historically, two barriers hindered the adoption of hydrogen power in aviation: the cost of hydrogen and the lack of proper infrastructure. However, Griner asserts that advancements in renewable energy have made clean energy more affordable. Additionally, Universal Hydrogen is actively addressing the infrastructure challenge by developing innovative ways to store and transport hydrogen.
Universal Hydrogen’s solution involves modular hydrogen fueling, where hydrogen-filled modules are transported from a production facility to the airport via the intermodal freight network. At the airport, these modules can be easily loaded into the aircraft, much like cargo. During flight, the hydrogen stored in these modules powers the aircraft, enabling carbon-free travel.
Lightning McClean has taken several successful test flights, demonstrating its capabilities as a hydrogen-powered aircraft. Equipped with one hydrogen engine and one traditional engine using jet fuel, the plane has showcased its ability to fly on hydrogen power alone. During a record-breaking test flight, the aircraft flew for more than an hour using hydrogen propulsion.
Mojave Air and Space Port, located in Kern County, California, is an enthusiastic supporter of Universal Hydrogen’s endeavors. As a hub for testing and developing solutions for the aviation industry’s challenges, the airport eagerly partners with Universal Hydrogen in testing hydrogen-powered aircraft. Additionally, the airport aims to utilize a microgrid powered by solar panels to produce hydrogen, making it the nation’s first commercial airport to sell aviation-grade hydrogen.
While Universal Hydrogen’s immediate goal is to retrofit regional airplanes with hydrogen power, their vision extends to the next generation of aviation. The company hopes to collaborate with major aircraft manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing to develop larger commercial hydrogen-powered planes. These partnerships could pave the way for hydrogen-powered planes to become a reality by 2035.
Universal Hydrogen’s Lightning McClean marks a pivotal step towards a more sustainable future for aviation. As the world embraces clean energy solutions, hydrogen-powered flight presents an exciting prospect to mitigate the environmental impact of air travel and steer the aviation industry towards carbon-free skies. | aerospace |
https://orbitalatk.jobs/dulles-va/principal-aerospace-engineer/FC7CA4B6992E4662B673A89A8720D56D/job/?vs=28 | 2018-05-27T13:32:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794868316.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527131037-20180527151037-00343.warc.gz | 0.874031 | 922 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__34972904 | en | Orbital ATK Principal Aerospace Engineer in Dulles, Virginia
Principal Aerospace Engineer
Categories: Engineering and Sciences
Start a new job search
With projected annual revenues of nearly $4.5 billion, approximately 12,000 employees, Orbital ATK is a company on the move. Our mission is to ensure that our customers accomplish their mission — whether it’s a technological breakthrough, a satellite launch, or protecting our nation.
At Orbital ATK Control Systems Engineering Group we design and deliver space missions. Today our rapidly growing national security space business supports cutting-edge missions ranging from mission/concept studies to technology demonstration programs, to large-scale national programs. Our work spans the entire life cycle from early concept studies, design development, system integration/test, launch, and mission ops/sustainment.
If you’re looking for the next big step in your career, you’ve come to the right place. At Orbital ATK you can join a highly innovative and motivated a team that is making a direct impact in advancing the technology that is protecting our nation’s security.
Lead a team of GNC engineers to accomplish spacecraft attitude control systems analysis, test, design and/or development. Support Mission with GNC and systems requirements analysis and help understand requirements flow down to subsystems. Work with Systems Engineering and program management and understand mission level requirements and manage risks. Manage budget and schedule on special projects. Perform hardware trades and work with suppliers. Develop pointing and knowledge budgets. Participate in GNC subsystem design and software requirements review, preliminary and critical design reviews, integration readiness review and GNC design and software acceptance reviews. Design and develop complex GNC algorithm and software systems, including design, coding and testing. Develop orbit and attitude guidance laws and analyze them using traditional and Monte Carlo analysis method. Analyze and develop delta-v control systems. Analyze and design rendezvous and docking systems for close proximity (RPO) operations. Formulate and design GNC software system, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of the design. Develop test plans in different test platforms in conjunction with Systems teams. Make frequent contacts with customers both internal and external concerning design and maintenance of GNC software. Represent the company in providing solutions to difficult technical problems associated with specific projects. Analyze GNC algorithm and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. Support proposal efforts and present GNC analysis, test and design of software. Coordinates installation of GNC algorithm and software system and the engineering configuration management software changes/development. Performs other duties as assigned or required.
Education and Experience
Top Secret Security Clearance required with a valid background investigation
Requires BS in Engineering & 7 years or Masters in Engineering & 5 years or PhD & 2 years.
Preferred candidate would possess:
Technical Leadership: Earned Value Management System, development of subsystem and software test plans, development and analysis of GNC requirements.
Programming: Matlab and Simulink, C/C++, Python
Requirement tools: Doors, Cradle
Control Systems Analysis: time and frequency domain techniques, linear and non-linear control design, covariance analysis, design and tuning Kalman filters for attitude determination and relative navigation.
Modeling: sensor models (star tracker, gyro, accel, GPS, magnetometer, sun sensors), actuators (reaction wheel, torque bar, thruster, CMG), equations of motion (rigid body, multi-body, orbit mechanics, flexible models, environmental disturbances), environment (time, eclipse, ECF and LVLH frames)
Experience with missions involved with rendezvous and proximity operations
Orbital ATK is applying entrepreneurial thinking and commercial practices to deliver reliable, innovative and affordable products and services to our customers and grow our core areas while harnessing new technologies that will take our products and your ideas into the future. When encouraged to think beyond the ordinary, you’ll be amazed at what you can do!
We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law.
EOE AA M/F/VET/Disability
Are you a Veteran? Visit ourJobs for Veteranspage to find jobs that match your military background.
Job Type:Full Time
Desired Travel:less than 25%
Years of Experience:5-8 Years | aerospace |
https://www.trussvilletribune.com/2021/06/11/local-students-to-compete-in-worlds-largest-student-rocket-contest/ | 2023-05-30T04:59:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645089.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530032334-20230530062334-00633.warc.gz | 0.941143 | 574 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__185652478 | en | By Erica Thomas, managing editor
TRUSSVILLE — A team from Hewitt-Trussville High School (HTHS) will compete in The American Rocketry Challenge on Saturday, June 12, 2021, in Birmingham.
Team Captain Judson Upchurch, Cole Bailey, Tyler Fogg, Phillip Gentry, and Sam Brooks make up the team from HTHS.
Teams from 27 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands qualified for the world’s largest student rocket contest. There are more than $100,000 in prizes up for grabs and the title-holder of the National Championship will compete for an International Championship.
The competition challenges middle and high school students to design, build, and fly a rocket that meets rigorous altitude and flight duration parameters through a series of certified, qualifying launches. This year’s challenge requires teams to safely carry a payload of one raw egg to three different altitude and time goals. With their first flight goal and qualification flights done, teams must fly to 775 feet within 39 to 42 seconds, and then to 825 feet within 41 to 44 seconds at the National Finals.
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the competition in 2020 was canceled. This year, things will look a little different. There will be launch sites across the U.S., including one in Birmingham. The launch site is at 2800 47th Avenue North, Birmingham, with launches occurring between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.
The challenge is sponsored by the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), the National Association of Rocketry and more than a dozen industry partners. The industry leaders hope to encourage students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).
“In a year full of extraordinary challenges, teamwork and determination propelled these talented rocketeers to qualify for the National Finals,” said AIA President and CEO Eric Fanning. “While the American Rocketry Challenge may look different this year, it continues to be a bright spark of inspiration for future STEM leaders and the aerospace and defense industry.”
615 teams from 45 states competed to qualify for the national competition. Another team from HTHS, Madelyn Brasher, Kaylee Brooks, and Reagan Felts, also attempted to qualify but barely missed, according to Coach Jason Dooley.
Other teams competing in Alabama are two teams from Russellville High School, and teams from Tharptown High School, Lincoln High School, Winfield City High School, and Hackleburg High School.
A team from Russellville High School was the national and international champion in 2015. One of the teams’ advisors in 2021 is Andrew Heath, who was on the 2015 team.
You can follow the competition on social media by searching for #TARC2021. | aerospace |
https://jagaviationinc.com/about-fbo/ | 2023-10-03T14:34:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511106.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003124522-20231003154522-00027.warc.gz | 0.968509 | 244 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__230390583 | en | JAG Aviation was first established in 2001 by its current owners, Gary and Janet Drapela. The business operated on Waco Regional Airport and offered primarily aircraft maintenance and detailing services up until January of 2014. Gary and Janet then moved their operation to McGregor Executive Airport (KPWG) just southwest of Waco, TX. With relocation came expansion from a small aircraft maintenance shop to a 20+ employee full-service FBO that provides avionics, fueling, aircraft management and other convenience services to aircraft owners from all parts of the world.
Here at JAG Aviation, we are committed to our main goal of always putting our FBO customers first. We want the company to be known for its aircraft expertise, exceptional quality of work, honesty, and integrity. It is our sincere hope that all our customers feel they can trust and depend on us for all their FBO and aircraft needs. We will constantly strive to provide the best service possible, even if that service may come outside of our normal hours of operation. Whether you’re stationed on McGregor Executive Airport or are just visiting, we urge you to take a look at what our FBO offers and contact us with any of your aviation needs! | aerospace |
http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/07/26/report-pilot-suffers-minor-injuries-in-plane-accident-at-belmar-airport/ | 2017-12-12T06:45:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948515309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212060515-20171212080515-00717.warc.gz | 0.902821 | 213 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__192561916 | en | BELMAR, N.J. (AP) — Federal Aviation Administration officials are investigating why a small aircraft went off the side of a runway at a New Jersey airport, causing the pilot to suffer minor injuries.
FAA Spokesman Jim Peters said the Cessna C172 went off a runway at Monmouth Executive Airport in Belmar around 2:25 p.m. Friday.
The pilot was the only person on board.
Peters said the circumstances of the incident and the extent of damage to the aircraft were not immediately known.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
You May Also Be Interested In These Stories
- Police: 5 Hurt In ‘Terror-Related’ Underground Explosion Near Port Authority Bus Terminal
- Security Stepped Up In Wake Of Underground Explosion Near Port Authority Bus Terminal
- Port Authority Blast Suspect Identified As Akayed Ullah, Is From Bangladesh And Lived In Brooklyn
- Neighbors Describe Port Authority Attack Suspect As ‘Loner’ | aerospace |
https://www.genomeweb.com/organization/nasa | 2017-10-17T09:38:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187821017.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017091309-20171017111309-00411.warc.gz | 0.894268 | 349 | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-43__0__297371867 | en | A NASA technologist tells The Times that the agency is looking into altering the DNA of Mars-bound astronauts.
Through metagenomic and other analysis, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory-led team found that the fungal diversity of the habitat changed as people lived there.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is providing informatics services for an NCI-funded project to standardize cancer genomics ontologies.
The Verge speaks with Mark and Scott Kelly, who are the subjects of NASA's Twin Study.
President Donald Trump's budget blueprint includes a nearly 20 percent cut for the National Institutes of Health.
Preliminary results from the NASA Twins Study indicate changes in DNA methylation and gene expression due to life in space, Nature News says.
The next step to sequencing organisms found on the ISS or in space is to automate sample and library prep, according to a NASA microbiologist.
Researchers begin to study samples from the NASA Twins Study, the Los Angeles Times reports.
NASA says that astronauts have successfully performed a sequencing experiment on the International Space Station.
The agency is sending an Oxford Nanopore MinIon to the International Space Station to determine if the technology's microfluidic system can work in microgravity.
The New York Times reports that as China invests in science, it also is dealing with research fraud.
In PLOS this week: transcriptome study of a cold-tolerant plant, deep sequencing of clinical influenza A samples, and more.
The Atlantic writes that retrotransposons like BovB have proliferated in a number of genomes.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of a man who lived in China some 40,000 years ago, according to UPI. | aerospace |
https://blog.flykit.app/cyclocopter/ | 2023-09-22T22:54:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506423.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922202444-20230922232444-00563.warc.gz | 0.928189 | 503 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__74409197 | en | The concept of that has shown its progress in development, collecting significant interest from leading robotic institutions and the US Army. Most people are familiar with the commercially available polycopters. Polycopter contains four or six equally spaced helicopter style blades. Though this concept was introduced about 100 years ago, the materials and technology have been available only recently to bring it into reality.
Cyclocopters have the ability to extensively survey at the time of natural disasters and accomplish risk assessment. Cyclocopters can be viewed as an aerial paddleboat, having two or four cycloidal rotors. The rotors mix the air into vortices, forming lift, thrust and control.
Each rotor has multiple aerofoils, where pitch can be balanced to pass the cyclocopter in any direction perpendicular to the cyclorotor. Hence the aerodynamics is similar to that of a dragonfly.
USA is undergoing research on cyclocopter at the University of Maryland, Texas A&M University and the University of California, Berkley, a part of the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (MAST) programme funded by the US Army, and under the Distributed and Collaborative Intelligent Systems and Technology (DCIST) programme.
In the past 10 years, fully functional cyclocopters whilst reducing the size and weight from 500 g to just 29 g have been developed. The next step in their evolution involves further miniaturisation and optimisation.
A general concept is the formation of an advanced network of drones with different capabilities. In search and rescue operations at the time of natural disasters, cyclocopters will quickly scour the disaster area, including inaccessible areas, alerting authorities or communicating with larger ambulance drones which could provide survivors with necessities or even airlift them to safety. At the time of bushfires, a network of stabile cyclocopters can detect ignition points that are at risk.
The military application presented by the MAST research group also concentrates on securing the lives, with the motivation of drones being capable to fly ahead of military troops looking over ridges and embankments to ensure the safety of soldiers.
It is useful for the insurance industry, allowing rapid assessment of risky and contaminated premises. From a perils standpoint, tiny cyclocopters can be used to approach damaged areas, and their stability and coordination would promote for quick and perfect mapping of disaster relief areas.
Watch a video of MAST research groups’ latest cyclocopter: | aerospace |
http://www.peroxidepropulsion.com/article/32 | 2017-04-24T22:47:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119995.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00508-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.965242 | 2,265 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__249222926 | en | Tip Rocket Propeller
Project report 1, April 2005
I have built a propeller with hydrogen peroxide tip rockets. The intention is to demonstrate that tip rockets can be used for driving a propeller in the same way as a rotor for a gyroplane, which has already been demonstrated. I can see several possible applications for this very light propeller engine, like lifting of sailplanes and for light back-pack helicopters. The total weight of the whole system, including the fuel tank, the propeller and the rockets is 8 kg. It could probably be made even lighter, because my propeller hub is quite heavy.
The propeller thrust can be very high according my calculations , despite this low weight. With the pitch I have now (+ 2 degrees) on my 70 inch propeller, the calculated thrust is estimated to be around 1000 Newton (~100 kgf, ~220 lbf) at 2500 rpm. This should be more than enough for lifting a glider airplane, which I think is the most interesting application. The propeller thrust could be much higher with a higher pitch. To drive such a powerful propeller with a conventional gasoline engine, would require an engine weighing much more than this tip rocket propeller.
The blades are made of glued laminate pine wood. This Gallery shows how I made the propeller, step by step. The profile is called GAW1. This profile gives a low drag. At the same time it is rather thick, so there is room for the embedded fuel pipe and catalyst chamber, without the need of a very wide chord. The chord is 156 mm and the blade is 26 mm thick. The GAW profile starts to give a lift already at -5 degrees pitch. The pitch I have chosen is +2 degrees.
The rocket system is the same as for gyroplane rotor blades. The pressure in the tank is low. The pressure at the propeller tips is much higher thanks to the centrifugal force at rotation. The propeller is working as a centrifugal pump. See calculation . Part of the high tip pressure is lost in the propeller embedded catalyst chambers. This is because the chambers have to be long and narrow to fit inside the blades. This price is worth paying, because there is very little drag because of the rockets.
I have just about started to test run the propeller and I have not yet been running any near full capacity. This is because I want to be sure I will not break anything, so I intend to increase the power in small steps. So far, I estimate I have been running with maximum about 1000 rpm for a short moment, even if I have no higher registered reading than 600 rpm on the tachometer (no continuous measurement). The fuel valve has just been barely open so far and for very short periods. Other wise the speed would be much higher than I want it to be at this stage. My first impression is I will need to switch to smaller nozzles to avoid ”over speeding” the propeller by mistake or I can make the propeller with higher pitch and thrust.
A movie is showing the first test here
I say on the movie, that the prop was not well balanced. I fixed that problem by adjusting the amount of silver screen catalyst, until the weight of the two blades was exactly similar
One of the things that were most critical was how hot the wood would be because of the heat from the rockets. Luckily enough the wood temperature has not been very high so far -knock on wood! This is because there is a sheet of glass fiber fabrics between the rocket body and the wood. There is also silicate putty in between that can stand 1000 C and is a good insulating material.
The next step is to gradually increase the propeller speed and measure the maximum performance. I need to complete the test stand so I can measure the thrust.
I have a lot of work right now, so please do not expect the next progress report until a couple of months or so.
At last a few potential applications for the tip rocket propeller:
See Mr. Schoeffmann flying his heli here
The standard concept for a helicopter is to have the rotor on top of the craft, but on the Hiller Flying Platform two counter rotating rotors were placed under the pilot. One would think this craft would not be very stable, but in fact it is!
A flying platform with rotor tip rockets, would only need one rotor and it would be simpler, lighter and more powerful.
Demonstration movie of the Hiller Flying Platform
UPDATE, May 28, 2005
Finally I found time for more testing.
The first thing happeneing was I got a leak of peroxide inside the propeller! The leak started a fire in the wood!
You can see the damage on the two thumbnails below.
Front side of the blade
Back side of the blade
The leak was at the welding of the pipe to the rocket. The leak has most probably been there all the time. It just needed some time to leak through the surrounding silicate putty.
Fortunatelly it was possible to repair the welding. New silicate putty was applied and the propeller was re-balanced, by adjusting the weight of the silver catalyst.
I made several tests, but I never managed to adjust the speed to a reasonable level. Instead the propeller accelerated to a very high speed and vibrated a lot. When I tried to throttle down the peroxide flow, the flow stopped completally.
Two movies shows one of the tests.
The first movie shows the test right before I had to throttle the flow because of too high speed/too much vibration.Here
The second movie shows the test right after throttling Here
My conclusion is that the propeller tips accelerate to sonic speed, or higher, because the rocket thrust is too high for the propeller. I believe I have two options:
* Eather I install smaller diameter rocket nozzles,
* or I increase the blade pitch.
The option I have chosen is to increase the blade pitch with 4 degrees. This will increase the propeller thrust to around 180 kgf at a speed of about 2000 rpm with the present rocket nozzles, according my calculations.
This thrust would be more than enough for a strap on helicopter!
I will report when the modified propeller is ready and has been tested.
Update June 4 2005
After having increased the blade pitch, the propeller speed became more proper and there was less vibration. The thrust increased a lot. I could feel the strong wind from the propeller!
Instead I ran into a new problem: The decomposition was not complete. I have seen this problem coming. The reason is that I have used the same silver screen cartridges for a long time. I took them from the prototype gyroplane rotor, I worked with last winter. They are no longer perfectly cylindrical, so there is a leak between the catpack walls and the cartridge.
I will correct this problem and make a new test, but not now, because I am too occupied with other things right now.
I will have to put the propeller on the shelf for a while. I feel I have already prooven the concept of the peroxide tip driven propeller though. It can really be done!
Update September 29 2005
I said in the last update I was quite occupied with other work. I still am, but a couple of days ago a customer ordered a rotor tip rocket system and he wanted to have his silver catalyst cartridges tested before delivery, so today I finally brought myself together and installed his cartridges in the tip rocket propeller and made a couple of test runs.
This time the rockets were running clean! The exhaust was visable, but this is common and normal at weather conditions like today. There was no peroxide smell or any wet exhaust.
As last time I could notice the rocket thrust is in better balance with the propeller thrust after the blade pitch was increased, but the rockets are still too powerful. Even though the tank pressure was low, 15 to 20 psi, the throttle valve could not be fully opened, without the propeller tending to over speed -at least this was my impression -I failed to get a valid reading of the rpm. I frequently closed the throttle valve completly to avoid over speeding.
I wrote already last time, I thought I had proven that the principle works - the tip rocket propeller concept really works! I felt I confirmed this with this short test, but I will test next time with a smaller diameter rocket nozzle that is in better balance with the propeller. The reason the present rockets are too powerful is because they are standard designed for gyroplane and helicopter rotors. See SHOP page I definitly also have to find a better rpm -meter!
Even if this is not a big job I am afraid this new test will have to wait for a while because of other priorities.
The test from today can be seen on this movie (28 Mb): Propeller test with fresh catalyst, September 29 2005
UPDATE, January 28, 2006
I installed new catalyst cartridges and new rocket nozzles with 4 mm throat diameter.
The propeller was running just butiful! It reached a high but constant speed! This is in oposite to the previous tests when the propeller accelerated to a too high speed so the fuel flow had to be throttled or shut off to avoid "over speeding".
I was very happy to feel the strong propeller wind and the nice performance for about 20 seconds, but than the propeller started to vibrate - again!! When i stopped I found out why: One of the blades had taken fire at the tip. See thumbnails below:
Detail of burnt propeller
It is only the burnt area closest to the tip that happened this time. The other damages that can be seen on the pictures happened in May 2005 -se earlier uppdate.
I believe the fire was because of a leak from the flange connecting the nozzle with the catalyst chamber.
My conclusions from todays test are:
* The 4 mm nozzle trhoats are close to optimum for this propeller with D=1.8 m and aerodynamic pitch = 11 degrees (Geometric pitch = 6 degrees).
* The propeller works very efficiently as a fuel pump! The fuel pressure is probably well over 100 bar (=1500 psi) at the tips!!
This is proven by the fact that quite small nozzle diameters are needed for a certain propeller thrust and also by the fact that the rockets tends to leak in flanges and other weak spots.
The high pressure saves fuel.
* The tip rocket propeller concept works!!
When I have chance I will make a test with even smaller nozzles and an aluminium propeller. It would be nice to work together with a partner from now on. Please write me a mail if you are interested!
This article was updated on July 29th, 2007 | aerospace |
https://www.mansworldindia.com/culture/pop-culture/tom-cruise-to-collaborate-with-nasa-on-first-film-shot-in-space/ | 2023-02-05T19:55:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500288.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205193202-20230205223202-00278.warc.gz | 0.933609 | 252 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__175400050 | en | According to NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine, NASA will be working closely with actor Tom Cruise on the first movie to be shot in space. While not much is known about the project, Bridenstine states that the film will be shot aboard the International Space Station.
A NASA spokesperson has informed CNN that Cruise will be launched into space and will stay aboard the ISS. While the actor is known for performing difficult stunts like clutching the side of an Airbus A400 while it takes off in Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation, this is sure to be a territory even he hasn’t breached.
NASA is excited to work with @TomCruise on a film aboard the @Space_Station! We need popular media to inspire a new generation of engineers and scientists to make @NASA’s ambitious plans a reality. pic.twitter.com/CaPwfXtfUv
— Jim Bridenstine (@JimBridenstine) May 5, 2020
“We will say more about the project at the appropriate time,” a NASA spokesperson told The Verge. “Anything else would be premature.” Earlier, it was reported that Cruise might be collaborating with SpaceX while shooting for the film. | aerospace |
https://reads.alibaba.com/navigating-the-skies-comprehensive-guide-to-selecting-best-drones/ | 2024-03-03T10:20:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476211.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303075134-20240303105134-00466.warc.gz | 0.927432 | 1,502 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__5460216 | en | In the rapidly evolving world of technology, drones have emerged as indispensable tools, revolutionizing sectors from logistics to cinematography. For businesses, these flying marvels offer unparalleled efficiency, capturing high-resolution aerial footage, optimizing delivery routes, and even assisting in large-scale inspections. As 2024 unfolds, the drone landscape promises even more advanced capabilities, ensuring that businesses not only stay ahead of the curve but also harness the full potential of these aerial powerhouses.
Understanding the drone landscape in 2024
The evolution of drone technology
Drones, once a novelty, have undergone significant transformations over the years. From their initial use in military applications to their widespread adoption in various industries, their evolution has been nothing short of remarkable. Recent advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, have further propelled drones into the limelight. These technological integrations enable drones to perform intricate tasks autonomously, reducing human intervention and increasing efficiency. For instance, AI-powered navigation systems now allow drones to autonomously inspect infrastructure, while AI-driven data analysis aids in monitoring and optimizing agricultural yields.
Drones for different purposes
The versatility of drones is evident in their varied applications across sectors. While recreational drones have gained popularity among enthusiasts, professional drones cater to specialized tasks in industries like agriculture, construction, and public safety. The distinction doesn’t end there. Specialized drones, equipped with advanced features, are tailor-made for specific industries. For example, drones designed for agricultural purposes might come with sensors to monitor soil health, while those in the entertainment sector might be equipped for choreographed light shows. This diversification underscores the importance of selecting a drone based on its intended purpose.
The global impact of drones
The global resonance of drones is undeniable. In 2022, the global commercial drone market was valued at approximately USD 8.77 billion. They’ve proved their mettle in sectors ranging from agriculture and construction to delivery and public safety. Drone delivery services, once a concept of the future, are now a reality, with giants like Amazon and Google leading the charge. The growth trajectory of drone delivery services is expected to soar even higher. The market is projected to grow from USD 10.98 billion in 2023 to USD 54.81 billion by 2030, according to experts. Another notable trend is the emergence of swarm technology, where multiple drones collaborate in real-time, enhancing efficiency in tasks like search and rescue operations and environmental monitoring. As drones continue to permeate various industries, their global impact is set to be even more profound, reshaping traditional business models and operational methodologies.
Key considerations before making a purchase
Navigating the drone landscape requires a keen understanding of the regulations that govern their use. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the primary body overseeing drone operations in the United States. They’ve established guidelines that every drone pilot, whether recreational or commercial, must adhere to. For instance, drones must typically fly at or below 400 feet, be registered (unless they weigh less than 0.55 pounds), and always remain within the pilot’s visual line of sight. Additionally, there are specific zones, such as near airports, where drone operations are restricted. With the increasing adoption of drones, the FAA has been proactive in updating these regulations to ensure safety while accommodating technological advancements.
Choosing the right drone hinges on its intended use. While recreational drones are often used for personal enjoyment and may not require advanced features, professional drones are tailored for specific tasks. For instance, a drone intended for agricultural use might be equipped with sensors to monitor soil health, whereas one designed for cinematography would prioritize camera quality and stabilization. It’s essential to align the drone’s features with its purpose to ensure optimal performance and value for money.
Budgeting for quality
In the world of drones, like many other tech products, you often get what you pay for. While it might be tempting to opt for a cheaper model, it’s crucial to consider the long-term value. Investing in a drone with advanced features, robust build quality, and reliable after-sales support can offer better returns in the long run. For businesses, this means fewer disruptions due to technical issues and the ability to leverage the drone’s capabilities to their fullest. Balancing the budget with the desired features and quality ensures that the purchase is both cost-effective and fit for purpose.
Top features to look out for
Flight time and battery longevity
The significance of battery life in drone operations cannot be overstated. A drone’s battery life determines how long it can stay airborne, impacting the quality and quantity of footage captured. For instance, the DJI Mini 4 Pro boasts a standard battery that offers around 34 minutes of flight time. However, for those willing to invest in an extended life battery, flight times can be pushed beyond 45 minutes. Such longevity is crucial for business professionals and online retailers who require extensive aerial footage for their operations.
Camera capabilities and stabilization
Camera quality and stabilization are paramount for capturing high-quality footage. The DJI Air 2S, for instance, is equipped with an oversized Type 1 sensor, enabling it to capture superior 20MP stills compared to other drones in the DJI Mini series. This drone supports 5.4K30 and 4K60 video with various profiles and can snap photos in both Raw or JPG format. For business professionals, such camera capabilities ensure that the footage and images captured are of the highest quality, suitable for various commercial applications.
Safety and navigation features
Safety and navigation are critical when operating drones. Features like GPS location, obstacle sensors, and ADS-B, which warns of nearby manned aircraft, are becoming standard in top-tier drones. The DJI Air 2S, for example, comes equipped with these safety features, ensuring safer flights. Another notable mention is the DJI Air 3, which boasts a 360-degree obstacle avoidance system, enhancing automated camera moves and follow-me flights, making it nearly crash-proof even during manual flight.
The rise of autonomous technology
Advanced autonomous features are revolutionizing drone choices. The DJI Mini 4 Pro, for instance, comes with a full 360-degree obstacle avoidance system, automated flight modes, and a Quad Bayer camera. One of its standout features is the APAS function, which autonomously navigates the drone through intricate spaces, even at low altitudes. Such advancements in autonomous technology are shaping the future of drones, making them more intelligent and capable of handling complex tasks with minimal human intervention.
The drone industry has witnessed rapid advancements in recent years. From extended battery lives to sophisticated camera systems and advanced safety features, today’s drones are more equipped than ever to cater to the needs of business professionals and online retailers. As technology continues to evolve, it’s evident that drones will play an even more significant role in various industries, offering unparalleled capabilities that were once deemed impossible.
The evolution of drones from recreational gadgets to indispensable business tools underscores their growing significance in various sectors. For business professionals and online retailers, making an informed drone purchase is crucial, considering the myriad of advanced features available today. It’s about understanding long-term value rather than just the upfront cost. As technology advances, drones are set to become even more integral to business operations. Staying updated with these innovations is essential for businesses to remain competitive in a dynamic market landscape. | aerospace |
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1754 | 2020-08-09T14:07:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738555.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809132747-20200809162747-00420.warc.gz | 0.887547 | 90 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__69299261 | en | 'Satellite' in general is an object that orbits a larger object. So... the moon is a satellite, and so are the communcations satellites we put up in space to transmit information.
The moon is what we call a "natural" satellite, because humans did not put it there.
Our communcations satellites are called "artificial" satellites because humans put them there.
Click Here to return to the search form. | aerospace |
http://proof.spacecalendar.com/july-3-9-2017-vol-36-no-27-hawaii-island-usa/ | 2018-02-21T04:55:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813431.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221044156-20180221064156-00621.warc.gz | 0.832141 | 2,465 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__156920864 | en | First Women / Americans at the Moon South Pole 2020-2021
Open Letter to the Trump-Pence Administration
Tenancy on the Moon by Women and Men as soon as 2020 is within reach and would be a noble and valuable objective for American greatness. The Moon’s South Pole is a 21st Century New Frontier as pioneering and enriching as Humans on Mars and trillion dollar asteroids, and much closer in time and space. India and China are advancing strategic campaigns to the Moon focused on material and energy resource growth. A Cislunar Superhighway could be a defining USA / international 21st Century infrastructure investment. Launches of humans to Space from American land again are highly anticipated. Vice President Pence just greeted the new Astronauts including Loral O’Hara, and she wonders: “Every time I look at the Moon, I think: Holy Cow, I might be walking around up there someday – that’s actually a real possibility”. NASA Space Launch System and Orion crew capsule currently in development are expected to be flying by 2019. NewSpace enterprises are also moving forward: SpaceX is preparing to test the Falcon Heavy launch vehicle and is working to develop its Dragon crew vehicle and Interplanetary Transportation System; Blue Origin is working on its New Glenn, New Shepard and New Armstrong vehicles; Bigelow continues to refine the technology for inflatable space habitats; Moon Express and Astrobotic count down to launch commercial lunar operations. The time to return “in peace for all” — to reclaim the greatest American, human advance, and for good — is now. The Moon is our launch pad to the Solar System and gateway to the Stars. (Image Credit: NASA, N. Moeller, Space Age Publishing Company)
= All times
for terrestrial events in local time unless noted.
= All times for international terrestrial events in local time unless noted.
= All times for space events, and…
= All times for international space / astro events in Hawaii Standard Time unless noted. Add 10 hours to obtain UT (‘Universal Time;’ Greenwich, England).
Weekly Planet Watch – Evening Planets: Jupiter (SW), Saturn (SE); Morning Planets: Venus (E), Uranus (E), Neptune (SE).
G20 Summit Leaders Urged to Consider Space Development for Sustainable Solar System Economy in the 21st Century
The 2017 G20 Summit “Shaping an Interconnected World” in Hamburg July 7-8 will mark the 12th meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20) for heads of government to coordinate international economic cooperation, stability, growth, trade and finance. Participation is expected from Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel, Argentina President Mauricio Macri, Australia Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Brazil President Michel Temer, Canada Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, China President Xi Jinping, India Prime Minister Narendra Modi, USA President Donald Trump, Russia President Vladimir Putin, as well as head of Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, European Union, and invited guests from Guinea, Netherlands, Norway, Senegal, Singapore, Spain and Vietnam. For the 1st time at a G20 Summit, a digital affairs ministers conference will be held to discuss technology, broadband and mobile growth. The global space industry market of 2015 was US$323B (Space Foundation “The Space Report: 2016). International Lunar Decade Working Group asks the leading industrialized nations and emerging economies of G20 to focus on global space advancement to support economic, environmental, cultural and social sustainability. Space technologies from satellites, launch vehicles, ground stations and astronomical telescopes enhance capabilities in many related industries, are increasingly important for education and employment, and provide unique opportunities for economic growth via manufacturing, commercial enterprise, and new innovative markets including space tourism, resource mining and Galaxy mapping. (Image Credit: G20, NASA, JWST)
Jul 3 — ISS, 330-435-km LEO: Expedition 52 to remain 3-member crew until end of month, performing maintenance on Russia Orlan spacesuits for EVA planned later this year, working with stem cell samples for cardiac biology and tissue regeneration study, measuring new LED light color & intensity in station to determine affects on crew sleep, circadian rhythms & cognitive performance.
Jul 3 — Solar System: Mars Curiosity ‘Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science’ software allows rover to make its own selection of inspection-worthy rocks & aim instruments with 93% accuracy; new study from Voyager 2 data reveals Uranus magnetosphere flips ‘on’ allowing solar wind to flow in & ‘off’ shielding the planet from particles every day during its 17.24-hour rotation; Cassini diving closer & closer to Saturn, dramatic high res images of rings and moonlets shown.
Jul 3 — Galaxy: Chandra X-ray telescope observing Arp 299 system 140M LY away where 2 galaxies are merging, creating 25 bright X-ray sources; China Hard X-ray Modulation telescope data on black holes & neutron stars to be shared with international scientists; self-adapting algorithm searching for rogue stars among star maps created by ESA Gaia; James Webb telescope undergoing 93-days of testing in 16.8-m diameter, 27.4-m tall vacuum chamber at JSC.
Jul 3 — Global: UAE National Space Policy in depth outline of 5 fundamental purposes / priorities; India planning PSLV-C39 launch first week Aug, GSLV-Mk 2 in Dec, GSLV-Mk 3 early 2018; NASA announces new Astronaut class 5 women & 7 men; Reaction Engines building UK facility in Westcott, Buckinghamshire for testing subsystems / SABRE engine core ~2020; head of Russia RSC Energia discusses Soyuz rocket for space tourism, potential upgrade for cislunar flights.
Jul 3 — NewSpace: Blue Origin to build rocket production facility in Huntsville AL if ULA selects BE-4 engine for Vulcan rocket; SpaceX launches 9 rockets in 2017, planning ~12 more, has more than 70 missions backlogged, worth more than US$10B; Pipeline2Space working to build underground tube to fire payloads to space from Spaceport America, test flights 1,500 – 3,050 meter altitude, US$100 per capsule – CEO, Director, Founder Mark Russell; Space Foundation hosting Explore Space Experience in Jun and Jul to prepare Next Gen for careers in Space.
Jul 3-5 — IAA, Roscosmos, Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘Technomash’, St. Petersburg, Russia: 4th International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Space Flight Safety Symposium.
Jul 3-5 — IUGG Union Commission on Planetary Sciences (UCPS), International Association of Planetary Sciences (IAPS), DLR, Berlin, Germany: 1st IUGG Symposium on Planetary Science (IUGG-PS 2017).
Jul 3-7 — European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany: Conference: The Impact of Binaries on Stellar Evolution.
Jul 3-28 — Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France: Program: The Interstellar Medium Beyond 3D.
Jul 3 — Earth: At aphelion (distance 1.01668 AU), 10:00.
Jun 30 – Jul 29 — Space Media Ventures, National Space Society, Online: Kickstarter Campaign: Space Odyssey Game; presented by Neil DeGrasse Tyson, for people of all ages to experience new Worlds and add to them as real science & their collective imagination allows.
Jun 17 – Aug 19 — Singularity University, Moffett Field CA: SU 2017 Global Solutions Program; for students to develop Moonshot innovations addressing humanity’s grand challenges; Climate Change is overarching theme for 2017.
Jun 15 – Aug 15 — International Space Elevator Consortium, Online: ISEC 2017 Summer Internship Program; six interns to perform home-based / online intern studies with ISEC.
Jun 26 – Aug 25 — International Space University, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland: ISU 30th Space Studies Program (SSP 2017).
Jun 30 – Jul 3 — Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC) 2017 General Assembly.
Jul 2-5 — University of Cambridge, Center for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Stephen Hawking 75th Birthday Conference: Gravity and Black Holes.
Jul 2-6 — Royal Astronomical Society, Hull, United Kingdom: 25th Royal Astronomical Society National Astronomy Meeting; at E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics – University of Hull.
Jul 4-7 — CNES, Paris, France: French Astronomy Week 2017; at FIAP Jean Monnet Hôtel.
Jul 4-7 — National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, India: Workshop on Gamma-ray Bursts: Prompt to Afterglow,; at FIAP Jean Monnet Hôtel.
Jul 4 — Venus: 6.5° S of Pleiades, 14:21.
Jul 5-9 — University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana: 13th Biennial History of Astronomy Workshop; featuring Professor Mike Edmunds of Cardiff University.
Jul 5 — Moon: At apogee (distance 405,934 km), 18:27.
Jul 5 — Apollo Asteroid 2017 BM31: Near-Earth Flyby (0.072 AU).
Jul 6 — ESA, JAXA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands: Media: Last chance to view ESA / JAXA Mercury Explorer BepiColombo; craft will be shipped to Kourou, French Guiana spaceport for October launch.
Jul 6 — Hawaii Preparatory Academy, W. M. Keck Observatory, Kamuela HI: Life in the Universe; by Abraham Loeb of Harvard University, at Gates Performing Arts Center, 19:00.
Jul 6 — Huntsville Alabama L5 Society (HAL5), Huntsville AL: Monthly Meeting featuring Omar Mireles from NASA MSFC on Additive Manufacture for Aerospace; at U.S. Space and Rocket Center Education Training Facility.
Jul 6 — Moon: 3.2° N of Saturn, 17:34.
Jul 6 — Apollo Asteroid 2017 MA: Near-Earth Flyby (0.057 AU).
Jul 7-8 — G20 Summit, Hamburg, Germany: G20 Summit for heads of state or heads of government to discuss international economic cooperation; International Lunar Decade Working Group urges Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel to include space development as innovative, global strategy for building sustainable, long-term future for humanity.
Jul 8 — Space Center Houston, Houston TX: Lunch with an Astronaut, Brian Duffy, adult US$69.95.
Jul 8 — Moon: Full (Buck Moon), 18:07.
Jul 9 — The Space Show, Online / Tiburon CA: Dr. David Livingston talks with Attorney Laura Montgomery about Article 9 of the Outer Space Treaty.
Jul 9 — Tucson L5 Space Society – NSS Chapter, Tucson AZ: Tucson L5 Space Society monthly meeting.
Jul 9 — National Space Society of North Texas, Irving TX: National Space Society of North Texas monthly meeting; at Spring Creek BBQ, 15:30.
Jul 9-14 — Astronomical Society of Australia, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics (RSAA) at Australian National University, Canberra, Australia: Astronomical Society of Australia 2017 Annual Meeting; includes Annual General Meeting of ASA and the public Harley Wood Lecture.
Jul 9-15 — Rencontres du Vietnam, Quy Nhon, Vietnam: 13th Rencontres du Vietnam: Cosmology; and Jul 9-21 Vietnam School on Neutrino Physics.
Jul 9 — Mercury: 0.1° N of Beehive Cluster, 15:33. | aerospace |
https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/crime/2009/09/02/young-stoughton-pilot-earns-praise/40379875007/ | 2023-04-02T11:06:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950528.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230402105054-20230402135054-00697.warc.gz | 0.967287 | 810 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__37116407 | en | Young Stoughton pilot earns praise for safe landing on highway
When his engine stalled high above Mansfield, a young pilot improvised Tuesday morning and crash-landed a small, single-engine airplane on a busy highway.
Traffic was backed up for hours Tuesday, but, remarkably, no one was injured when pilot Matthew Kleindienst brought a fixed-wing Piper Cherokee down on Interstate 495 southbound, clipping a concrete barrier with his wing as the aircraft went nose-down and came to a rest in the left-hand travel lane.
“You’ve got to have a little luck and a lot of skill,” Mansfield Deputy Fire Chief James Puleo said.
Kleindienst, 24, of Stoughton, and passenger Brian Souza, 21, of Stoneham, appeared to be shaken, but were not injured when emergency personnel arrived on scene, state police Sgt. Michael Popovics said.
“The two occupants of the aircraft were outside and walking around when troopers from the Foxboro barracks arrived,” he said.
Kleindienst, a 2007 graduate of Bridgewater State College’s aviation program, was practicing maneuvers when he encountered engine problems just before 11 a.m., according to a spokesman for the Federal Aviation Administration. The pilot radioed Norwood Airport just before executing the emergency landing on the highway near Exit 12.
“The pilot was doing stall maneuvers and the engine quit and didn’t restart,” FAA spokesman Jim Peters said.
The 35-year-old aircraft is sometimes used by a Boston-based radio station for traffic reports, but the media outlet was not using the aircraft Tuesday, officials confirmed.
Kleindienst had flown out of Hanscom Air Field earlier Tuesday morning and planned to return there, Peters said. He then encountered engine trouble.
The aircraft’s registered owner is listed as Plane Nonsense Inc. of Bear, Del., the corporate parent of Bedford-based East Coast Aero Club, a flight school and rental agency. A plane with the same registration number is listed on East Coast Aero Club’s Web site.
An employee of East Coast Aero Club confirmed that the two men onboard the Piper Cherokee were uninjured and referred press inquiries to the FAA.
Kleindienst first got his private pilot’s license in 2004, then got certified as a commercial pilot for single-engine planes in 2006, according to the FAA. The administration’s records show he was certified in January of this year for second-class medical flights.
Motorists on I-495 first called police at 10:57 a.m. Tuesday to report the plane had crash landed on the highway. Several people pulled off the road on nearby School Street hoping to catch a glimpse of the scene.
“All I heard was helicopters circling around, so I walked up there and saw it,” said Sean Boswell, 15, of School Street.
Fellow resident Janeane Rose and her family were also drawn by the hovering helicopters. “We just heard the helicopters up there,” she said. “I went back and got my binoculars.”
Approximately 15 gallons of fuel leaked and was contained to a small area of the roadway. Emergency responders used sand and white foam to absorb the fuel.
After draining the remaining 50 gallons of fuel from the aircraft, investigators loaded the downed aircraft onto a trailer and hauled it to nearby Mansfield Municipal Airport. The scene was cleared by late afternoon.
“It’s been turned over to the National Transportation Safety Board for further investigation,” said Peters.
The FAA has determined the crash was an accident.
“We’re very fortunate that there were no injuries,” said Puleo, the deputy fire chief. “They took the necessary steps and made the distress call.” | aerospace |
http://21stcenturywaves.com/tag/india/ | 2017-04-27T12:52:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122167.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00522-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.917251 | 734 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__156785030 | en | Sep 25 2009
If not, you’ve got only a couple more weeks. NASA says LCROSS — the Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite — will be a “smashing success” on October 9! (Sorry, couldn’t resist that one, but I promise to avoid impact-related puns from here on…)
Water on the Moon is big news today. For example, NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), that hitched a ride almost a year ago onboard India’s Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, discovered both water and hydroxl molecules especially in the lunar polar regions (Science, September 24, 2009). According to Jessica Sunshine of the University of Maryland,
“Our analysis unequivocally confirms the presence of these molecules on the Moon’s surface and reveals that the entire surface appears to be hydrated during at least some portion of the lunar day.”
Although water and hydroxyl are present in larger abundances than expected and are a very exciting discovery, the actual water molecule fractions are only about 1000 ppm of lunar soil. Apparently hydrogen ions in the solar wind arriving at the lunar surface interact during the day with oxygen-rich minerals near the lunar surface to produce the observed water.
Regarding the M3 lunar surface water discovery, Carle Pieters of Brown University cautions that,
“When we say ‘water on the Moon,’ we are not talking about lakes, oceans, or even puddles. Water on the Moon means molecules of water and hydroxyl that interact with molecules of rock and dust spacifically in the top millimeters of the Moon’s surface.”
Of course, the lost lunar lakes (or even oceans) would be the most important and cost-effective resource we could find on the Moon — the holy grail for lunar scientists and others interested in studying, developing, and colonizing the Moon. Active international interest in lunar polar waters is consistent with accelerating human expansion into the cosmos as we approach the 2015 Maslow Window.
To detect these types of major water deposits on the Moon — suggested previously by Clementine (1994) and Lunar Prospector (1999) — NASA has developed LCROSS that will impact a Centaur upper stage at 2.5 km/sec on the Moon and create an ejecta cloud expected to expand 10+ km above the surface.
In a previous post, India and NASA Search for the Lost Lunar Lakes, you may want to check out my interview with Lunar Prospector PI Dr. Alan Binder as well as the challenging comments of two other lunar scientists, Drs. Paul Spudis and Stewart Nozette.
LCROSS is not exactly a subtle technique but it should meet our basic needs. On October 9, after venting any remaining fuel from Centaur, it will will impact the Moon, excavating at least 200 tons of lunar rock and soil. The Shepherding Spacecraft will rapidly descend into the plume making in situ measurements of its composition — searching for lunar water — and transmiting this data back to Earth, just before it creates a second impact plume on the Moon.
Funseekers on Earth — amateur astronomers and students — with 10″ or larger telescopes may be able to see the plume and participate in the discovery! Many public events are planned around the country or you can watch from the comfort of your video room at home on NASA TV. NASA also provides impact timing for those planning their own LCROSS Impact Party. See this link and have a blast! | aerospace |
http://www.policemag.com/channel/technology/news/2012/01/27/lapd-cracks-down-on-drone-use-by-real-estate-agents.aspx | 2017-01-22T10:15:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281421.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.921336 | 267 | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-04__0__121751897 | en | LAPD Cracks Down on Drone Use by Real Estate Agents
January 27, 2012
The Los Angeles Police Department is warning real estate agents not to use images of properties taken from unmanned aircraft, saying the flying drones pose a potential safety hazard and could violate federal aviation policy.
The warning was issued this week after officers saw a television news report showing a basketball-sized object with multiple rotors hovering over an expansive Westside residence, reports the Los Angeles Times.
Displaying 1 - 1 of 1
Jack Meoff @ 2/6/2012 5:03 PM
Not LAPD jurisdiction. RC helicopters are flown below 200ft. It is illegal for LAPD or News copters to fly below 400ft so there is no potential conflict with RC copters. LA FILM is pushing this. Go catch some real criminals instead of small business people trying to put bread on the table.
Join the Discussion
Other Recent News
Med-Eng announced the launch of the Avenger Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) bomb disposal...
Streamlight Inc. has introduced a TLR-6 weapon light for use with non-rail 1911 firearms...
Boston police have scrapped their plan to spend up to $1.4 million on software to monitor...
Los Angeles County Sheriff Jim McDonnell said Thursday that his agency will begin... | aerospace |
http://rayonbrand0.canariblogs.com/professional-aircraft-accessories-in-florida-7287981 | 2018-12-15T16:16:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376826892.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20181215152912-20181215174912-00078.warc.gz | 0.914311 | 1,119 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__172161487 | en | Professional Aircraft Accessories In FloridaThis Well Established and Leading Supplier of aviation turbine engines, parts and accessories on the market. We provide a constant and reliable flow of elements, equipment and companies to prospects in an industry which is time-essential and quality pushed. For those who require an aviation part that we do not need in stock, our robust relationships with manufacturers mean that we are able to often fulfill and ship any order inside a short timeframe. We concentrate on all flight and engine indicators including distant gyros in addition to equipment including search lights, static inverters, voltage regulators and blower motors. Restore station for unlimited plane accessories Class I & II and other accessories.
Hydrostatic test transportable oxygen cylinder repair and overhaul providers for aviation sectors. Supplies maintenance of plane equipment for air carriers and business operators, as well as army plane. Aircraft parts restore services aviation accessories for industrial, aviation and army markets. The corporate was formed to offer support to corporate aviation departments in the Houston and South Texas area. It is positioned in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and can help to service the Florida market.
Whereas the company's advertising is directed primarily toward the company user, the corporate serves the general aviation community as effectively. In September 1986 Falcon Crest Aviation diversified and expanded its operations by forming a Texas Company positioned in Houston, Texas for the purpose of turning into licensed as a FAA Restore Station. To ensure that the corporate to maintain its worldwide commitments the corporate utilized for membership to the European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA).
The big company aviation fleet primarily based in Houston afforded the corporate an opportunity for a fast begin up within the firm's area of expertise, corporate aviation. The Avjobs Aviation Company Listing streamlines the process of contacting and sending your resume to the professionals you choose. Register or Check in to view contact detail for 5 contact points at Skilled Aircraft Accessories or to make contact with over 5,491 aviation companies in Florida. Get your expertise, expertise and curiosity matched with Skilled Aircraft Accessories jobs and get beneficial by Avjobs.
Avjobs helps those searching for work to find aviation related job openings that match their skills and location while assisting hiring managers and recruiters in finding those seeking work. Get to know us higher on Fb , Twitter , LinkedIn , YouTube , Google Plus , Aviation Ad Network , RSS , and FeedBurner Then Tell a Good friend Get involved, and expertise the Avjobs difference at this time!
Safe Gasoline Programs' specialized technicians have over seventy five years of combined experience in fuel, hydraulics and equipment. As a crew, we are experienced within the areas of management, strategic imaginative and prescient, leadership, individuals improvement, motivation, organization, financials, quality control, execution and parts manufacturing in the aviation business.
You may post your resume and receive emails of latest aviation job opportunities too. Forms of aviation and aerospace jobs are for A&P's, Aircraft Technicians, Plane maintenance technicians, Flight Attendants, Pilots, Helicopter Pilots, flight dispatchers, executives, plane dispatchers, sheetmetal and buildings, aircraft inside technicians, aircraft paint, avionics technicians.
From Hawkers, Citations, Beechjets and King Airs to Challengers, Phenoms and more, Elliott Aviation provides skilled options to meet your each want. Elliott Aviation is a identified and trusted title for providing the industry's highest quality business aviation options. An skilled in mild to mid-sized jets and turboprops with manufacturing facility authorizations from manufacturers equivalent to Hawker Beechcraft, Embraer and extra, clients from world wide fly to Elliott Aviation for all of their aviation wants. As the leader in Garmin G1000 retrofits we have collectively created essentially the most successful avionics retrofit program in the historical past of aviation.
Our paint technicians, some with over 30 years of aviation paint expertise, use the newest paint methods like electrostatic technology. Our accessory store gives element overhaul, inspection, restore and servicing for quite a few aircraft parts and equipment. Elliott Aviation supplies plane gross sales, brokerage and acquisitions beneath the Elliott Jets model. We supply parts for every type of avionics, equipment and parts in new or refurbished situation.
Aerospace Accent Service's Emergency Medical Division was established in 2006 with the objective of providing the aviation business with top quality, low-cost emergency medical gear specifically designed to fulfill buyer specifications whereas exceeding regulatory standards. Our aim has been the identical since 1999: present lengthy-lasting, quality aviation product support to all of our prospects.
For over 15 years, Aviotek has provided the commercial, navy, and common aviation industries with a source of quality upkeep, restore, and overhauls for plane parts. With our facility positioned near both FLL and MIA international airports in Fort Lauderdale, FL, we are never out of touch with our aviation prospects and needs. Desde 1991, Sherwood Aviation ha sido un proveedor de clase mundial de reparaciones, ventas e intercambios de componentes, comerciales, regional y militares de aeronaves con alas fijas rotativas.
As a upkeep, repair, overhaul group (M.R..)and Medical Divice Manufacturer, we have now served the aviation industry for over 30 years and have established a superior repute. Our Clientele contains of main finish users: Domestic, international, and regional airliners, corporate aviation prospects, MRO's and third get together restore organizations and plane components distributors. | aerospace |
https://www.asianskygroup.com/skyservice-business-aviation-buys-hangar-from-bombardier-887/ | 2024-04-12T21:05:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816070.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412194614-20240412224614-00466.warc.gz | 0.77402 | 489 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__185138693 | en | Canada-based Skyservice Business Aviation has acquired a hangar and office facility in Montreal from Bombardier, which it it says it will use for heavy aircraft maintenance.
The 153,000- square-foot property, including 80,000 square feet of hangar space, will support the growing demand for aircraft management at Montréal-Trudeau International Airport (YUL), one of Canada’s busiest airports.
“We are pleased to acquire this cutting-edge facility, which will allow us to deliver our award-winning services to even more aircraft owners, clients and fleet operators at YUL,” said Benjamin Murray, President and CEO, Skyservice.
Earlier in 2022, Skyservice opened Toronto South, its second private jet center at Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ).
YE 2023Civil Helicopters Other Civil Helicopter Fleet Report YE 2023 – Executive Summary Civil Helicopters eVTOL OEMS in Asia-Pacific See all articles
2023Charter Report 2023 Asia Pacific Charter Market Overview See all articles
2023 Q2Business Aviation Signature Revamps Anchorage FBO Business Aviation Dassault’s Asia Pacific Strategy See all articles
YE 2022Civil Helicopters Helicopter Spotlight: Airbus H175 See all articles
2022 Q4Business Aviation New, Big Falcons Suit Asia-Pacific Business Aviation Supporting Modern Time Machines See all articles
YE 2022 - EuropeBusiness Aviation Luxaviation CEO Sees Deficiencies in Seemingly Buoyant Market Business Aviation Supporting Modern Time Machines See all articles
YE 2022 - MENABusiness Aviation DC Aviation Al-Futtaim Celebrates Ten Years in the Middle East See all articles
YE 2021Business Aviation Market Trends – Business Jet Fleet Report YE 2021 Business Aviation 10 Year Forecast See all articles
YE 2021Civil Helicopters Leasing Market – Civil Helicopter Fleet Report YE 2021 Civil Helicopters EMS Market – Civil Helicopter Fleet Report YE 2021 See all articles
2021 Q3Other Pre-owned Market Spotlight: Citation Sovereign/Sovereign+ – Asian Sky Quarterly 2021 Q3 See all articles
YE 2019Civil Helicopters EVTOL News in Asia – Civil Helicopters YE 2019 Civil Helicopters Engine OEM Overview – Civil Helicopters YE 2019 See all articles
© Copyright Asian Sky Group -2024 | All Rights Reserved | aerospace |
https://futabaradiocontrol.com/futaba-t16iz-digital-proportional-rc-system-with-r7108sb-model2-dhl-to-usa/ | 2023-12-01T13:15:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100287.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201120231-20231201150231-00647.warc.gz | 0.876634 | 269 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__218809767 | en | The 16IZ transmitter takes its styling cues from the top of the range 32MZ, with an attractive, comfortable and ergonomic design, whilst the large full colour touchscreen makes programming quick and intuitive. Incorporating Futaba’s S-FHSS, T-FHSS and FASSTest transmission protocols, the 16IZ offers advanced aircraft, helicopter and glider programming, and includes a maximum of 8 flight conditions as well as Futaba’s super precise telemetry system. Supplied with 2 cell 2000mAh Li-Po Tx battery offering extended operating time, with integral USB charger, the feature packed 16IZ is perfect for both advanced and intermediate pilots, or even ambitious beginners! S-FHSS, T-FHSS and FASSTest Modulation. High-capacity Li-Po Tx battery. Maximum 8 flight conditions. Aircraft, Helicopter and glider programs. This item is in the category “Toys & Hobbies\Radio Control & Control Line\RC Model Vehicle Parts & Accs\Control, Radio & Electronics\Receivers & Transmitters”. The seller is “bengalcat2013″ and is located in this country: TW. This item can be shipped worldwide.
- Compatible Scale: 1:6
- Brand: Futaba | aerospace |
https://dcweekly.org/2023/11/21/russian-defense-forces-intercept-ukrainian-drone-attacks-in-bryansk-and-kursk-regions/ | 2023-12-09T21:21:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100972.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209202131-20231209232131-00617.warc.gz | 0.960771 | 457 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__261740584 | en | Russian Defense Forces Intercept Ukrainian Drone Attacks in Bryansk and Kursk Regions
In a recent development, Governor Alexander Bogomaz of the Bryansk region in Russia reported in his Telegram channel that an attempt by the Ukrainian side to launch a drone attack had been foiled. Thanks to the Radio Electronic Warfare (REW) capabilities of the Russian Ministry of Defense, an unmanned aircraft of the plane type was successfully destroyed over the Bryansk district.
Fortunately, there have been no reported casualties or damages resulting from the incident. The local authorities and emergency services are working diligently at the scene to ensure the safety and security of the area.
In another incident, shortly before midnight, another Ukrainian drone attempted an attack on the Kursk region. However, it was swiftly intercepted and neutralized by the Air Defense Forces.
Earlier, Governor Roman Starovoit of the Kursk region had reported that the Ukrainian Armed Forces had fired rocket projectiles into the Sudyansky district of the region. The exact location of the incidents was near the village of Martynovka.
Furthermore, on November 13th, Starovoit had informed that a Ukrainian drone had dropped explosives in the village of Gornal within the Sudyansky district.
In related news, it has been revealed that Russia will commence training drone operators within its borders.
These incidents highlight the ongoing tensions between Ukraine and Russia, with the Ukrainian side resorting to unmanned aerial attacks. The effective response by the Russian defense forces demonstrates their commitment to protecting their territories and ensuring the safety of their citizens.
It is important to note that the conflict between Ukraine and Russia has been a contentious issue, with both sides accusing each other of aggression. This recent escalation further underscores the need for diplomatic efforts to de-escalate the situation and find a peaceful resolution.
As the situation continues to unfold, it is crucial for international observers to closely monitor the developments and encourage dialogue between the involved parties to prevent further escalation and potential humanitarian crises.
Brian Hill stands out as a meticulous crime investigator, well-renowned for his keen attention to detail and an unmatched commitment to solving some of the most challenging criminal cases. His relentless work has played an instrumental role in upholding justice, thereby contributing to safer and more secure communities. | aerospace |
https://www.amc.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/2001760429/mediaid/1988762/ | 2024-04-21T12:22:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817765.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421101951-20240421131951-00615.warc.gz | 0.851073 | 288 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__30552340 | en | Official websites use .mil
Secure .mil websites use HTTPS
Mark Novak, left, a B-29 Superfortress pilot and Brig. Gen. Paul Tibbets IV, right, the 509th Bomb Wing commander from Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo., pose for a photo inside Doc, a restored B-29 Superfortress, June 9, 2017, on McConnell AFB, Kan. TibbetsIV’ grandfather, retired Brig. Gen. Paul Tibbets Jr., piloted the B-29 during World War II. (U.S. Air Force photo/Senior Airman Tara Fadenrecht)
No camera details available.
This photograph is considered public domain and has been cleared for release.
If you would like to republish please give the photographer appropriate credit.
Further, any commercial or non-commercial use of this photograph or any other
DoD image must be made in compliance with guidance found at
which pertains to intellectual property restrictions (e.g., copyright and
trademark, including the use of official emblems, insignia, names and slogans), warnings
regarding use of images of identifiable personnel, appearance of endorsement, and related matters. | aerospace |
https://aviation.osu.edu/students/future-students/majors/arts-sciences | 2023-09-29T02:38:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510481.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929022639-20230929052639-00564.warc.gz | 0.917694 | 358 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__73657358 | en | Arts & Sciences
The College of Arts & Sciences offers a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Sciences: Air Transportation.
This degree is a Bachelor of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences offered by the Department of Geography. The program provides students a broad understanding of how aviation affects and is affected by social forces like the economy, international relations, and government policy. The major is a combination of aviation courses, geography courses, and other social science classes. The program provides preparation for a variety of careers within the aviation industry. This is a liberal arts based degree, so if you wish to pursue an aviation career or become a professional pilot, but are not comfortable with the study of physics, calculus and engineering; or business logistics, finance and accounting, this may be the degree for you. More detailed information on specific classes our Air Transportation students take can be found below.
The Professional Pilot Specialization results in students obtaining a commercial pilot certificate and instrument rating, and either a multi-engine rating or a flight instructor certificate. Careers for our graduates include flight instruction, charters, regional and national airlines, fractional operators, industrial aviation, business aviation, cargo aviation, and other specialized flying.
Student Achievement Data
The student achievement data for this major can be viewed on the AABI Accreditation page. This data is provided to AABI in order to affirm our accreditation status.
Please click on the links to access graduation requirements for the College of Arts & Sciences.
To meet the graduation requirements for the PROFESSIONAL PILOT SPECIALIZATION, students must complete their private pilot, instrument, and commercial training. After these requirements are met, students have a choice to complete either their multi-engine or certified flight instructor training. | aerospace |
https://www.avm-mag.com/tag/post-to-facebook | 2024-04-20T11:25:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817576.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420091126-20240420121126-00525.warc.gz | 0.946393 | 516 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__199455527 | en | Dewey Conroy, vice president and COO, Pacific Coast Avionics, announced today that the company has completed a next-generation Garmin panel upgrade on a Piper PA-46-500TP Meridian turboprop.
Conroy said that the Meridian belongs to Darren Pleasance, who is the head of customer acquisition for Google. Mr. Pleasance uses his aircraft for both business and pleasure trips from his home base in San Jose, California throughout the U.S.
“Darren came to us with the goal of creating an avionics solution that would enable him to fully utilize his Meridian’s capabilities now and well into the future,” Conroy said. “The completed panel speaks for itself. Darren now has an airplane and an avionics suite that will permit him to operate in any airspace or weather with greater capabilities, situational awareness and safety.”
“From the first time I saw it, I knew it was everything I had hoped for in my panel upgrade,” Pleasance said. “Whether flying for business or pleasure, my Meridian has always been an excellent airplane, but now, I’d have to say, from an next-generation capabilities standpoint, its avionics are equal to its performance.”
Conroy explained that the Meridian’s all-new panel features:
• Dual Garmin G500 EFIS with Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT)
• Garmin GTN 750 touchscreen GPS/NAV/COM
• Garmin GTX 33/ES Mode S/ADS-B Transponder
• Garmin GDL 88 ADS-B Datalink Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
• Garmin FlightStream 210 Bluetooth data streaming device
• Mid-Continent Instrument MD-302 SAM 3-in-1 Standby Attitude Module.
“From start to finish, the total project took six weeks,” Conroy said. “Along with a custom metal panel, we fabricated new wiring harnesses that integrated all the new avionics and displays with the aircraft’s original Meggitt digital engine displays, as well as other legacy equipment and sensors.”
“It’s not our first Piper Meridian panel, but it is the first time we’ve done one with dual Garmin 500 displays,” he said. “Everyone involved with Darren’s Meridian upgrade is extremely proud of the way the panel turned out. It’s a really something special.” | aerospace |
https://australianwomenonline.com/awpa-encourages-women-to-spread-their-wings-in-pursuit-of-a-career-in-aviation/ | 2024-03-02T09:05:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475806.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302084508-20240302114508-00133.warc.gz | 0.966421 | 527 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__51498690 | en | Young women follow in foot steps of Nancy Bird-Walton (pictured in 2008).
Airservices Australia is encouraging young women across the country to consider a career in aviation by offering a range of competitive scholarships, with the hope of producing the nation's next record-breaking aviatrix.
Pioneer Aviator Nancy Bird-Walton was just 19 years old when she first took to the air with a commercial pilot license.
And in a time when the aviation industry was still thought of as a boys' club, she was the first woman to gain the right to work as a professional pilot in the British Commonwealth.
Born in the small town of Kew, New South Wales, in 1915, to humble beginnings this fearless young woman with a passion for flying would later go on to work with the Royal Flying Doctor service and receive an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1966.
Sadly, the 'First Lady of Aviation' passed away in 2009 at the age of 93, but her legacy lives on in the form of a number of scholarships aimed at promotion women in aviation and encouraging them to follow their dreams.
Continuing in the tradition of Bird-Walton and her support of charities and services in remote areas is the Australian Women Pilots' association (AWPA).
The organisation, which was founded by Australia's most prominent female member, works tirelessly to get more women on planes and in the air by providing a number of Flight Training Scholarships.
Airservices Australia and AWPA spokesperson Rob Walker said that young women looking for a career in aviation should consider applying for one of these scholarships.
"We hope these scholarships will encourage women who are passionate about flying to become active, long-term members of the aviation community and beyond," he asserted in an official statement.
Mr Walker also made it clear that keeping the program up and running was a challenge, but also an important way of reminding people about the role women play in this area.
"The continued sponsorship is part of our wider contribution to promote the aviation industry and we look forward to continuing our association with AWPA."
"We're proud to support the work of the association as they help young women learn to fly and possibly consider a future career in our industry," he said.
Money from the scholarships can be put towards initial or ongoing pilot training, as well as the cross-country flying component of a private pilot licence.
This year there is a total of four opportunities on offer split between two separate categories and each scholarship is valued at $8,000 – applications close at the end of this month. | aerospace |
https://jundroo.uservoice.com/forums/221664-jundroo-games/suggestions/41544709-wings-need-an-update?category_id=84492 | 2023-02-06T19:32:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00532.warc.gz | 0.960771 | 177 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__123636043 | en | Wings need an update
Jundroo needs to update the wings, seriously the wings are not really wings, just flat pieces of cardboard if that, for all the years simpleplanes planes has been out, the wings have been the same. I think we can all agree that it’s really annoying when you have to hide the original wings inside custom wings made out of fuselage blocks.
Updating the wings needs to happen eventually, they are very outdated and need a change. My suggestions are just change the wings to make them more like real life wings(round on top flat on bottom). Or you can add an option to the fuselage block says “generate lift” or something like that, so that players can make completely custom made wings from fuselage blocks that can generate lift. Bottom line, wings are outdated, unrealistic and need to change. | aerospace |
http://airventure.org/news/2012/120721_eaa-airventure-at-60.html | 2014-04-23T16:57:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203235.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00060-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.93819 | 1,383 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__163439865 | en | Aviation's greatest celebration just keeps getting better
The Spirit of Goodyear blimp will return to AirVenture in 2012.
By Dave Higdon
Let's see ... July ... Wisconsin ... the Experimental Aircraft Association ... Oshkosh. For the 60th year, the faithful of all aviation stripes turn their eyes, if not their physical presence, to Wittman Regional Airport and EAA AirVenture.
And AirVenture 2012 continues many traditions started that first year, 1953, when Paul Poberezny, with a group of his friends and fellow pilots, staged a small gathering for their then-fledgling EAA in Milwaukee.
In the six decades since, AirVenture has seen spaceships and global fliers of many types, acres of vintage and golden age aircraft, veterans-both aircraft and human-of multiple combat zones, builders and fliers of some of the world's most advanced experimental aircraft, and millions of visitors, many arriving via the hundreds of thousands of private aircraft that have tied down at the EAA event.
For 2012, EAA is assembling perhaps its most-diverse and exciting collection of airplanes, people, and events ever.
Remembering America's finest
Veterans of World War II form one of AirVenture's core groups again this year, with representatives of the Tuskegee Airmen on hand-and a feature-length film depiction of their combat experiences-alongside the commemoration of America's first offensive against Japan by then-Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle's Raiders in 1942.
The only flying example of the airplane that ended World War II is also present at AirVenture this week: FIFI, the Commemorative Air Force's Boeing B-29.
And this year's show is filled with numerous other commemorations of the greatest generation, plus emphatic nods to the veterans of air combat action in the skies above Korea and Vietnam.
A laboratory for aviation technology
AirVenture also is the world's greatest shopping opportunity for pilots and aircraft owners hoping to find the latest and greatest products that'll help make their flying more enjoyable. Over the decades, AirVenture has showcased many advances in aviation, and this year's EAA gathering offers glimpses into the future as well as looks back to the development of some of today's most-heralded, most-used devices.
For example, Rockwell Collins is highlighting its role in helping develop the global positioning system, that satellite-based area-navigation wonder by which thousands of AirVenture-bound pilots navigated to Oshkosh.
Advances in one of aviation's newest technological tools-automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, known simply as ADS-B-also are in the spotlight at AirVenture.
The backbone of the Federal Aviation Administration's ambitious Next Generation Air Transportation Control System, NextGen, totally new ADS-B products will be on prominent display, with hands-on demonstrations, thanks to the efforts of several AirVenture exhibitors.
AirVenture is also highlighting advances in robotics, thanks to the return of Honda's humanoid automaton, ASIMO.
And as in the past, AirVenture will also shine a spotlight on other tools for the pilot, from headsets to programs and applications for tablet computers, smartphones, and on to panel-mounted gear for both certificated and experimental aircraft.
Aircraft from simple to advanced
But where to mount and use all the cool new gear you'll see? Not to worry: Vendors also will offer aviators and would-be pilots a place to touch, see, and fly some of today's most-advanced aircraft, both for the homebuilder and the ready-to-fly buyer.
The fledgling experimental-aircraft movement of 1953 helped launch EAA, and today no other venue offers builders and would-be builders the same quality of access to finished kit airplane examples. There simply will be a staggering variety of airframes meeting an equally large number of mission profiles.
Maybe it's a simple piston single for recreational aviating that strikes your fancy. Maybe a speedy turboprop capable of shrinking a continental flight down to a few hours of air time. It's probably something in between; maybe an amphibious LSA or a sexy new all-composite kit. Regardless, if it can be built by the individual, it's probably here at AirVenture.
But AirVenture is equally enmeshed in the world of factory-made, FAA-certified aircraft. Thanks to the efforts of planemakers, the AirVenture audience can get up close and personal with aircraft designs of all types, whether powered by avgas, diesel, or Jet-A fuels, plus the ever-growing field of electric-powered aircraft.
Whether the mission is hauling supplies deep into the bush or hauling the family to the grandparents, it's probably here at AirVenture.
World-class entertainment–in the air, on stage, and on the silver screen
Perhaps the most-known aspect among those who've never attended the EAA gathering is the daily air show. Again for 2012, AirVenture has drawn world-class sky talent.
The list of performers appearing through the week reads like a who's who of airborne entertainers, and the lineup varies day-by-day. So if you don't see your favorite tomorrow, check back; that aerobat is likely on the list for later in the week.
And later in the week is when EAA AirVenture continues the aerial excitement with a world-class night show, complete with fiery flying and a top-of-the-mark fireworks display.
After the daily air show, the nightly programs at the Theater in the Woods bring together a series of events promising standing-room-only attendance. If that's not enough to whet your appetite for evening events, check out the films at the Fly-In Theater every evening through Saturday-each preceded by a celebrity introducer setting the scene for the feature to follow.
Of course, music is also a significant element of AirVenture, with the opening-evening concert by the Steve Miller Band and many other musical events ranging from flying musicians to nationally known bands.
When you come to EAA AirVenture you can count on leaving well-informed, craving some of aviation's newest products and exhausted by the expansive experience.
The subsequent seven editions of AirVenture Today will strive to keep you informed and prepared to make the most of your EAA experience.
Enjoy the week!
DATES: 2014: July 28-Aug. 3;
2015: July 20-26; 2016: July 25-31; 2017: July 24-30 | aerospace |
http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/en/geheugen/pages/collectie/Fotocollectie+Het+Leven+%281906-1941%29/Uitvindingen | 2016-10-01T17:23:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738663142.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173743-00238-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.969273 | 186 | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-40__0__87651404 | en | When the Frechman Louis Blériot was the first to cross the Channel in an airplane in 1909 it was global news. Developments and discoveries in technology and science were extensively covered in Het Leven.
At the beginning of the 20th century, aviation was a new and popular phenomenon. For the, at the time, enormous amount of 12,000 Dutch Guilders Het Leven sponsored the new engine of the first airplane that flew from the Netherlands to the Dutch East Indies in 1924 - after the old engine had been damaged. The exclusive photos generated as a result of these types of activities attracted many readers to the magazine.
In 1929, Het Leven was also involved in the flight above the Netherlands by the airship L.Z. 127 Graf Zeppelin, shortly after its trip around the world. The flight above the Netherlands was recorded in spectacular photos by one of the magazine's photographers. | aerospace |
http://www.army.mil/article/50435/Promises_made__promises_kept____Army_Aviation__039_s_return_on_RMD_802_investment/ | 2015-11-26T10:41:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398447043.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205407-00018-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.951905 | 1,945 | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-48__0__81997447 | en | Promises made, promises kept -- Army Aviation's return on RMD 802 investment
January 14, 2011
FORT RUCKER, Ala. -- In April 2009, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates and Gen. Martin Dempsey, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command commanding general, visited to the U.S. Army Aviation Center of Excellence and Fort Rucker to assess the center's flight training program and the installation's supporting infrastructure.
After touring Fort Rucker and meeting with USAACE and garrison leaders, flight students, instructor pilots and aircraft maintenance personnel, the secretary concluded his visit by meeting with national and local news correspondents at Cairns Army Airfield.
"I've recommended the president add an additional $500 million to increase the throughput of pilots and maintenance crews for our helicopters, for our rotary lift capability," Gates told reporters. "That will help us train more instructors, help with the infrastructure, probably get some additional airframes and, at the end of the day what's most important, get us more well-trained pilots that can support our warfighters."
What resulted from Gates' visit was a fiscal commitment by the Department of Defense for more than $310 million to increase flight student throughput at Fort Rucker given the increased demands for Army Aviation capabilities in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere around the world. Special Operations Aviation would receive additional funding separate from the $310 million earmarked for USAACE.
Nearly two years after his visit, the additional funding promised by Gates and authorized by the Office of the Secretary of Defense Resource Management Decision 802 has paid great dividends in increasing USAACE's capacity to generate relevant combat power for the operating force.
To meet the operating force's demand for trained and qualified Army Aviators, Army Aviation was directed to incrementally increase the number of flight students from 1,200 in fiscal year 2009 to 1,463 in FY12, and 1,558 by FY15. However, given the complexity of interrelated factors, any increase in student input required additional and corresponding increases in classroom seats, instructor pilots, training aircraft, hangar and ramp space across the five Fort Rucker base fields and a greater refuel and aircraft maintenance capability. The increase in flight training operations meant more airspace congestion and an increased demand for air traffic services throughout the 32,300-square mile local flying area, and the center's 17 stage fields and 38 remote training sites.
Since 2009, USAACE committed more than $92 million for construction of maintenance facilities and additional classrooms across Fort Rucker.
A majority of the funds went to hangar and maintenance facility renovation at the center's four base fields (Hanchey, Cairns, Shell and Knox Army Airfields). Additionally, funding allowed the center to renovate existing classrooms, bringing them up to TRADOC's Classroom XXI standards that provides a state-of-the-art environment that leverages the latest technology to assist in making training more effective and efficient.
One of the greatest resource challenges facing USAACE was the number of available instructor pilots. Although the 110th Aviation Brigade remains critically short of instructor pilots with military manning at 74 percent, RMD802 funding allowed for the hiring of 56 additional civilian contract IPs.
With the support of the Army National Guard Bureau, USAACE used the Contingency Operation for Active Duty Operational Support to bring in additional volunteer IPs from the Army National Guard to augment the flight training program. Under CO-ADOS, Reserve Component Soldiers volunteer for active duty assignments for up to three years to support various training requirements pursuant to Title 10 authority.
CO-ADOS has been a win-win for the flight training program at Fort Rucker and for the IPs who volunteer. To date, 32 ARNG IPs from 20 states have volunteered for the program and will remain at Fort Rucker for at least 24 months pursuant to available funding. Fort Rucker was also able to fund 19 additional Air Traffic Control specialists, also mobilized under CO-ADOS, to support the increase in flight training operations.
The Army's Human Resource Command and G-1 are currently working with USAACE to fill Fort Rucker's IP authorizations to 85 percent. This will bring USAACE to 100 percent aggregate assigned when combined with IPs assigned when combined with the CO-ADOS and contracted IPs.
Adding additional aircraft to Fort Rucker's training fleet was another challenge for the command.
Prior to spring 2009, the center's training fleet consisted of 60 AH-64 Apaches, 77 UH-60 Black Hawks, 25 CH-47 Chinooks, 36 OH-58D Kiowa Warriors, all dedicated to advanced aircraft flight training and 183 TH-67 primary training aircraft. With the support of a number of Army Reserve, ARNG and active duty units Army wide, the Army redistributed 24 AH-64s and 21 UH-60s to augment the center's training fleet. Funding also allowed contracted maintenance to support an increase of 100 flight hours-per-airframe per year (up from 500 hours) that would correspond to the increased demand in student input numbers.
With the incremental increase in IPs, available training aircraft and Aviation maintenance and classroom capacity, the command began to slowly increase the number of flight students in mid-2009 by increasing the student capacity of the Initial Entry Rotary Wing common core classes. A typical IERW class in 2008 included 52 students and yielded an annual total of about 1,200 IERW graduates. With the multitude of improvements made possible by RMD802 funding, by April 2011, IERW classes will have 60 students and will generate 1,267 flight students in FY11 and reach a steady state of 1,558 graduates in FY15.
While the Aviation Center is on a solid glide path to increase the number of flight graduates over the next few years, output alone is only half of the equation needed to train and sustain the flow of highly qualified Aviation professionals to rapidly meet the demands of commanders worldwide. The other half, and equally complex, involves eliminating the backlog of flight students currently in the training pipeline.
Upon completion of the Basic Officer Leadership Course, flight students undergo Helicopter Over Water Survival Training and Survival, Escape, Resistance and Evasion Level-C training prior to beginning IERW common core flight training. Upon completion of IERW, students move to advanced aircraft training in one of the four advanced aircraft (Apache, Kiowa Warrior, Black Hawk or Chinook). This is where backlog occurs due to a number of factors including aircraft availability, weather, instructor pilot availability, classroom scheduling and even student availability.
In some past cases, students spent up to two years at Fort Rucker when actual flight training instruction only demands nine to 12 months depending on the advanced aircraft training the student received following IERW common core.
In August 2010, the command established a Student Backlog Tiger Team from experts across the command to define the problem(s), collect data, assess current policies and procedures and develop viable solutions to eliminating the current backlog. The team is looking holistically at flight training from before students arrive at Fort Rucker to after they graduate and depart. Since spring 2009, USAACE managed to reduce the backlog by 46 percent. To date, the team has made a number of recommendations that, once implemented, will serve to completely eliminate the backlog sometime between May and September. To us, sooner is better than later.
When I became the Army Aviation branch chief and commander of USAACE and Fort Rucker in August 2010, I made the elimination of the flight training backlog no later than September 2011 the command's highest priority. Again, we are on track to meet this goal based on the incredibly hard work being done by Soldiers, civilians and contractors across USAACE and Fort Rucker.
It was the leadership and oversight of former USAACE and Fort Rucker commander Maj. Gen. Jim Barclay and his team who set the gears in motion nearly two years ago that got us where we are today. In September 2009, Barclay told a group of local business leaders that the easy part in this was getting the check and depositing it in the bank.
"The truly challenging part," he said, "was putting together an excruciatingly detailed plan and synchronizing it across the entire Aviation Center of Excellence so that every tax-payer dollar was spent wisely and with the greatest return."
With his vision and dogged determination, the USAACE team took the ball into the "Red Zone." I believe we can get it into the "End Zone." We are determined to do so.
While it may appear that we are "first and goal" there is still hard work to be done. My guidance five months ago was that flight training standards would not be lowered. That guidance will not change.
Our branch's reputation, forged by the professional men and women who form Army Aviation, has never been stronger because we remain a standards-based profession. That cannot change even with the tough decisions that will follow in the upcoming months.
We will also maintain a cost-culture awareness in everything we do that will allow us to accomplish the mission at best cost rather than at any cost. As our Army moves into fiscally uncertain times, Army Aviation currently has sufficient resources to continue training, support world-wide operations and respond to new threats or crisis. But, we recognize that there will be no excess.
The promise made by Gates and OSD in April 2009 was honored. The return on that investment will ensure Army Aviation meets the demands of commanders worldwide, today and in the years to come. | aerospace |
https://www.brainiacs-stem.com/product/airblock/ | 2019-02-17T09:01:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481766.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217071448-20190217093448-00495.warc.gz | 0.956734 | 203 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__172511776 | en | This course is a fun combination of drones, coding, science, math, and engineering.
Airblock is like nothing else before it, and is simply the most amazing, versatile drone for education. Not only can AirBlock be assembled as a Drone, but it can also be assembled as a Hovercraft. The multiple configurations that can be made are magnetically snapped together in seconds to create both aerodynamic and hydrodynamic science experiments.
But it is not all fun and games, there is a lot of learning going on. While planning a flight route, students will use math to calculate weight, height, angles of rotation, and speed. They will also learn about weather patterns and consider physical science concepts of air lift, force, and energy transfer. Concepts such as friction and buoyancy are easy to grasp with activities in air, on land, (and possibly in water). Other topics include safety, flight physics, mimic drones in industry, systems, coding, career opportunities, and lots of fun competitions! | aerospace |
http://www.ucalgary.ca/utoday/issue/2013-11-15/countdown-one-week-until-university-calgary-instrument-launched-space | 2017-04-25T12:32:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120349.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00321-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.936251 | 863 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__149274844 | en | The Swarm mission is set for launch on Friday, Nov. 22, 2013 at 5:02 a.m. MST. In anticipation of the milestone event, we met with the University of Calgary’s lead scientist on the project, Professor David Knudsen from the Department of Physics and Astronomy.
Q: What is the overall objective of the Swarm Mission?
A: Swarm's goal is to better understand Earth's magnetic field and its interaction with the solar wind, which results in up to a thousand-billion Watts of electrical power being dumped into the upper atmosphere globally. The mission will last four years.
Q: How is the University of Calgary involved in the project?
A: For the past ten years, we, in collaboration with industry, have been responsible for the development, testing and calibration of Swarm’s Electric Field Instruments (EFI). The identical EFIs that will fly on each of the three Swarm satellites will measure the density, wind velocity and temperature of the ionosphere at high resolution in order to characterize the electric field around Earth. Swarm will be the first mission to make global, multi-point measurements of magnetic and electric fields simultaneously.
Q: What makes the EFIs unique and why was your team chosen to deliver this technology?
A: Each EFI contains two novel sensors known as Thermal Ion Imagers. Developed initially at the University of Calgary with support from the Canadian Space Agency, these imagers adapt CCD (charge-coupled device) detector technology – the same technology used in digital cameras - to detect not light, as is usually done, but charged particles. With this information, we can produce precision measurements of ionospheric winds and temperatures.
In the early 2000s, our team successfully built and flew Thermal Ion Imagers as part of three sub-orbital rocket flights. Because we developed this exclusive expertise, we were selected as the supplier of choice for the ESA’s Swarm mission. The Swarm EFIs were built by COM DEV International based in Ontario.
Q: What is the advantage of flying three identical instruments at once?
A: Imagine the difficulty of trying to put together a picture of, say, a hurricane using only one sensor in one location. Only by using multiple sensors can one hope to see the storm as a massive, spinning vortex. Earth’s ionosphere is a still-larger system with winds that can be as much as a hundred times faster than hurricane-force winds. Swarm’s three satellites will help determine the size and lifetime of electric current systems in the ionosphere.
Q: What is the research potential for the data that will be collected by your instruments?
A: The science phase of the mission will begin three months after launch. The key research themes we hope to explore involve the transfer of energy from the solar wind into our upper atmosphere (a trillion Watts!); understanding the heating of the ionosphere (to hundreds of thousands of degrees), and loss of our atmosphere to outer space (up to 100 tons per day). Swarm will also map global ionospheric wind patterns in response to changes in the solar wind, tell us about the fundamental behavior of waves and turbulence in plasma (the "4th state of matter"), and provide new insight into space weather and its effects on technological systems.
Q: What’s been your motivation in this project?
A: My own personal interest is in understanding how the northern lights are formed. Contrary to what we often hear or read, the aurora is not simply the result of solar wind particles hitting the upper atmosphere. Instead, the interaction of the solar wind with earth’s magnetic field generates huge electric currents that flow through the upper atmosphere. The aurora is the visible manifestation of these currents. However, key questions remain, such as how the electrons in the aurora gain such surprisingly large energies: thousands of time the energy of electrons in the solar wind. With Swarm’s magnetic and electric field instruments we will have a new view of the auroral circuit. Understanding the aurora will in turn help us understand how charged particles are accelerated to high energies throughout the universe.
Watch a video on Swarm and the University of Calgary’s involvement. | aerospace |
http://golantimes.com/news/23995 | 2018-10-17T03:49:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583510969.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017023458-20181017044958-00206.warc.gz | 0.927904 | 113 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__235969799 | en | Russian Aerospace Forces destroyed over 1,000 terrorist targets in Syria in past week
Russian Defense Ministry said that Russian Aerospace Forces destroyed over 1,000 targets of terrorists in Syria during the past week.
In past week, Russia’s Air Forces aircraft carried out over 360 combat sorties in Syria, the Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) news outlet, the official newspaper of the Russian Defense Ministry reported.
Russian drones carried out over 140 surveillance flights, during which more than 190 positions of terrorists were spotted
By : Suhad Alaawar | aerospace |
http://www.bbga.aero/events/ | 2015-04-18T11:36:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246634331.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045714-00268-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.890852 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__108810523 | en | Isle of Man Conference 25th June
he 5th annual Isle of Man Aviation Conference will be held in Douglas on Thursday 25th June. Organised by ICM Aviation and supported by the Isle of Man Aircraft Registry, the conference attracts high profile delegates and speakers from around the world. Founded in 2010 to showcase the Isle of Man Aircraft Registry and related aviation expertise on the Island, it has become an established date in the business aviation diary.
“A Time for Change“
Selsdon Park and Country Club, South Croydon.
Click on the presentations below for a recap of the day | aerospace |
https://amarketforecast.com/2021/07/22/aviation-test-equipment-market-2027-receives-a-rapid-boost-in-economy-due-to-high-emerging-demands/ | 2021-08-04T01:00:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154486.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803222541-20210804012541-00563.warc.gz | 0.928317 | 1,081 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__272807254 | en | Aviation Test Equipment Market 2027 Receives a Rapid Boost in Economy due to High Emerging Demands
According to a new market study entitled “Aviation Test Equipment Market to 2027 – Global Analysis and Forecasts by Deployment Type (On-Premise and Cloud) and Industry Vertical (BFSI, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Retail & Consumer Goods, Manufacturing, Travel & Hospitality, IT & Telecommunication, Media & Entertainment, and Others) and Geography, “explains the report, explaining the key drivers of this growth and highlighting key market players and their evolution. The report factors this growth and also highlights the major players in the market and their developments.
The aviation test equipment are primarily used for proper maintenance of the electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and power systems. Government expenditure and increasing investments in the aerospace and defense sector is an emerging trend in the aviation test equipment market. High-tech innovations in the developed regions as a result of increasing research and development activities by the prominent players are set to bolster growth for the global aviation test equipment industry landscape.
The “Global Aviation Test Equipment Market Analysis to 2027″ is a specialized and in-depth study of the aerospace and defense industry with a special focus on the global market trend analysis. The report aims to provide an overview of aviation test equipment market with detailed market segmentation by product type, aircraft type, end user, and geography. The global aviation test equipment market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the leading aviation test equipment market players and offers key trends and opportunities in the market.
Download Sample PDF Brochure : https://www.theinsightpartners.com/sample/TIPRE00006028/
This report contains:
- Market sizing for the global Aviation Test Equipment Market.
- Compare major Aviation Test Equipment providers strategies and approaches to the challenges they face
- Analysis of the effects deglobalisation trends may have for Aviation Test Equipment providers
- Profiles of major Aviation Test Equipment providers
The aviation test equipment market is anticipated to grow in the forecast period owing to driving factors such as rising safety concerns in the aviation industry, coupled with strict government regulations. Moreover, the rapid adoption of software-based solutions further propels the growth of the aviation test equipment market. However, a short lifecycle of the module may hamper market growth. On the other hand, a rise in the aerospace and aviation activities across developing nations is expected to showcase growth opportunities for aviation test equipment market during the forecast period.
The global aviation test equipment market is segmented on the basis of product type, aircraft type, and end user. Based on product type, the market is segmented as electrical test equipment, hydraulic test equipment, power test equipment, and pneumatic test equipment. On the basis of the aircraft type, the market is segmented as manned and unmanned. The market on the basis of the end user is classified into commercial and military.
The report provides a detailed overview of the industry including both qualitative and quantitative information. It provides an overview and forecast of the global aviation test equipment market based on various segments. It also provides market size and forecast estimates from the year 2017 to 2027 with respect to five major regions, namely; North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South & Central America. The aviation test equipment market by each region is later sub-segmented by respective countries and segments. The report covers the analysis and forecast of 18 countries globally along with the current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.
The report analyzes factors affecting aviation test equipment market from both demand and supply side and further evaluates market dynamics affecting the market during the forecast period, i.e., drivers, restraints, opportunities, and future trend. The report also provides exhaustive Porter’s Five Forces analysis on a global scenario.
The reports cover key developments in the aviation test equipment market as organic and inorganic growth strategies. Various companies are focusing on organic growth strategies such as product launches, product approvals and others such as patents and events. Inorganic growth strategies activities witnessed in the market were acquisitions, and partnership & collaborations. These activities have paved the way for the expansion of business and customer base of market players. The market players from aviation test equipment market are anticipated to lucrative growth opportunities in the future with the rising demand for aviation test equipment in the global market. Below mentioned is the list of few companies engaged in the aviation test equipment market.
Make an Inquiry at : https://www.theinsightpartners.com/inquiry/TIPRE00006028/
The report also includes the profiles of key aviation test equipment companies along with their SWOT analysis and market strategies. In addition, the report focuses on leading industry players with information such as company profiles, components and services offered, financial information of the last three years, key developments in the past five years.
– Airbus SE
– Avtron Aerospace, Inc.
– Bauer, Inc.
– Hydraulics International, Inc. (HII)
– Ideal Aerosmith Inc.
– Lockheed Martin Corporation
– Moog Inc.
– Staley Co.
– Teradyne Inc. | aerospace |
https://commentaryboxsports.com/falcon-heavy-rocket-successfully-launched-it-pro-news/ | 2024-04-21T14:18:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00713.warc.gz | 0.972551 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__143615651 | en | The Falcon Heavy rocket was successfully launched from Florida on Tuesday afternoon. It’s about the USSF-44, a classified two payload mission for the US Space Force. It is the first time since 2019 that the Falcon Heavy has been re-launched.
The missile was launched at 2:41 pm Dutch time and took off without any problems. Two minutes after launch, the side boosters were fired from the Falcon Heavy. that they came Moments later, he landed safely at the planned landing areas on Earth.
What exactly two payloads is a secret. It will be two satellites that will be placed in a geostationary orbit around the Earth. Due to the thrust required for this relatively high Earth orbit, the first central stage of the rocket would not be accommodated and reuse would not be an issue. No actual separation of the payload.
This is the first time that a Falcon Heavy has been launched since 2019. When the 6000 kg Saudi Telecom satellite was launched Arabsat 6A launched into geostationary orbit. The three years between the previous launch and the launch of the Falcon Heavy are mainly due to delays in the satellites or payloads to be launched. For example, the USSF-44 mission was supposed to be up by the end of 2020 and NASA Psychological Asteroid Mission It should start this fall. However, this launch has already been postponed to July next year due to software issues. | aerospace |
http://www.space-travel.com/reports/The_Arianespace_Power_of_Three_strategy_is_spotlighted_at_Washington_Satellite_2012_event_999.html | 2017-12-18T12:34:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948616132.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218122309-20171218144309-00548.warc.gz | 0.933403 | 1,053 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__68628922 | en | by Staff Writers
Washington DC (SPX) Mar 16, 2012
Arianespace's new "Power of Three" theme is making its industry debut at this week's Satellite 2012 event in Washington, D.C., where the company is underscoring the synergy, availability, reliability and commercial advantages of its full launcher family - while also adding new payloads to its order book.
Speaking at Satellite 2012's Launch Services panel, Chairman and CEO Jean-Yves Le Gall confirmed the launcher family's mission planning for this year - which will be the company's busiest ever, with flights of all three vehicles: Ariane 5, Soyuz and Vega.
"For 2012, we are planning seven Ariane 5 missions and three medium-lift Soyuz flights from the Spaceport in French Guiana, along with two Soyuz launches at Baikonur Cosmodrome," he told attendees at the panel session.
"And just one month ago, we saw the successful introduction of the Vega light launch vehicle, which was a milestone in the history of spaceflight, and truly remarkable for a maiden launch because of its excellent accuracy in a highly complex flight that orbited nine payloads."
During the Satellite 2012 Launcher Panel, attendees participated in a real-time poll on questions that included the importance of factors in selecting launch vehicles.
Using smartphones to respond, the audience overwhelmingly placed reliability first (with nearly 70 percent of the responses), followed by price (approximately 20 percent), along with schedule, proven technology and performance (with less than 10 percent each).
"This feedback clearly reflects the strategy of Arianespace, as we insist on reliability as the foundation for our launch vehicle family," Le Gall said.
"With 46 consecutive successful launches, Ariane 5 is the world's most reliable launch vehicle in its class, while Soyuz' launch record also sets an industry standard, and Vega already has shown its capabilities from the inaugural flight."
In new business concluded at Satellite 2012, Le Gall signed the Jabiru-1 satellite launch contract with Adrian Ballintine, the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Australia's NewSat Limited - which joins the ranks of Arianespace's international customers.
To be launched by Ariane 5 during the fourth quarter of 2014, Jabiru-1 will provide relay capacity for enterprise and government customers across Asia, the Middle East and eastern Africa.
"I have enormous respect for Jean-Yves Le Gall - for his own integrity and the integrity that he brings to Arianespace and the world of satellites and space," Ballintine said at the Jabiru-1 contract signature ceremony.
"We've learned a great deal in working closely with Arianespace as NewSat takes its first step forward in what we hope will be a very innovative and long-term satellite program. NewSat has a number of orbital slots, and we will aggressively pursue our space and satellite strategy."
Le Gall congratulated NewSat on its accomplishments as Australia's largest specialist satellite communications company, and pledged Arianespace's continued support.
"I have been very impressed because you set your vision and you have accomplished it, which is not always the case in this industry," he said to Ballintine in comments after the signature. "You are developing a real business, and at NewSat, the dream is alive. We consider Arianespace as a partner of NewSat for the long term."
Also during Satellite 2012, Arianespace announced its selection by Eutelsat Communications and Qater's Es'hailSat to launch the EUTELSAT 25B/Es'hail 1 satellite on Ariane 5 in the second quarter of 2013.
These new agreements further expand Arianespace's order book, which now represents a combined value of more than $6 billion and more than three years of business.
Launch Pad at Space-Travel.com
Comment on this article via your Facebook, Yahoo, AOL, Hotmail login.
Arianespace to launch Jabiru-1 satellite
Paris, France (SPX) Mar 15, 2012
Jean-Yves Le Gall, Chairman and CEO of Arianespace, and Adrian Ballintine, founder and Chief Executive Officer of NewSat Limited (NewSat), have signed the launch services contract for the Jabiru-1 satellite at Satellite 2012 in Washington, DC. Jabiru-1 will be boosted into geostationary transfer orbit by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle from the Guiana Space Center, Europe's Spaceport in French ... read more
|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2012 - Space Media Network. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement| | aerospace |
https://drones.duke.edu/best-practices/ | 2024-03-02T10:06:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475806.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302084508-20240302114508-00555.warc.gz | 0.939783 | 879 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__100542650 | en | Drones open the door to amazing new opportunities and allow virtually anyone to access to the skies. Innovating in aviation used to be the territory of large corporations and deep-pocketed industrialists but drones have democratized flight technology in a way that has not been seen in generations.
Though with access comes responsibility. We must make sure that flights are conducted in a way that is both safe and legal. This page attempts to compile a brief primer on drone policy and practice. You should read and understand all federal, state, local and institutional rules regarding UAV flight. This page does not attempt to shortcut that recommendation but instead, give you a good place to start.
Common FAA Infractions:
- Commercial vs Recreational flight. Drones may be flown recreationally provided that you do not engage in anything related to commercial activity. Educational activities can still be considered commercial if you are receiving pay and using the drones for work. The FAA considers virtual all exchanges, even bartering, to be commercial activities.
- Flying with Visual Line of Sight. You or a member of your team in contact with you must be able to see your drone at all times when flying. Video screens, headsets, and other technologies are not a substitute for the VLS requirement.
- Flying in class-restricted airspace. All airspace is divided into “classes”. You are only permitted to fly in Class G airspace unless you have a Remote Pilot Certificate or approval from an air traffic controller. Remote Pilot Certificate holders are still bound by airspace class rules but have fewer restrictions. We recommend using airspace planning services such as Skyward to check locations for airspace restrictions.
- Flying in other “No Fly” Zones. There are numerous circumstances where drone flights may be restricted outside of class A-E airspace such as military operational areas (MOA’s) or areas of national security (such as the Whitehouse).
- Flying without a waiver at night. You cannot fly drones at night. According to the FAA “night” is any time 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before official sunrise.
- Flying greater than 400′ AGL. Simply put, you cannot go over 400 feet without an FAA waiver.
- Flying over people. It is against FAA rules to fly over any person or persons not involved in flight operations or without a waiver. Essentially this means you can’t fly over spaces where people are.
Common State Infractions:
- Flying in “No Fly” Zones. Many states, including North Carolina place limits on where you can fly your drone. For instance, you cannot fly a drone over a prison or in a location where it might interfere with public safety activities. This is especially true of activities that involve other aviation assets such as life flight helicopters, police helicopters or firefighting planes.
- Taking footage where other people “have a reasonable expectation of privacy”. Many states, including North Carolina, have laws that prohibit you from recording video in private places. Though the definition is open to considerable interpretation it is generally not a good idea to use a drone to peer through windows or over privacy fences. The FAA has compiled a best practices document related to privacy that is a good source of information.
Common Municipal Infractions
- Flying in “No Fly” Zones. As with state and local restrictions, counties, cities, and towns may also put restrictions on when and where you can fly a drone. Local agencies commonly bar flights from some parks, over schools, over police stations, and other areas.
- Noise Ordinances. Drones can be loud, especially larger ones. Flying a large drone low to the ground can be easily heard and may draw a crowd. It is not unusual to have complaints regarding the noise that comes from the systems.
- Municipal Enforcement of FAA Policy. This is not technically an infraction but good information to know. Most of the law enforcement officers we meet in our daily activities will be from local agencies. Rarely do we see state law enforcement and even rarer still, federal law enforcement. Even from this primer, you may have noticed laws exist on many levels of government. To make enforcement more effective, many municipalities, such as Chapel Hill, have enacted ordinances that give their officers powers to act upon FAA rule infractions. | aerospace |
http://darts.jaxa.jp/astro/akari/ | 2019-03-19T20:08:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202125.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319183735-20190319205735-00103.warc.gz | 0.889776 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__65709287 | en | Welcome to DARTS/AKARI
05 Nov. 2018: "What's new" before 2015 has been moved to History page.
26 Feb. 2018: Products List is updated. Click here.
04 Jan. 2018: The database for AKARI CAS was restructured into multiple databases. Click here.
AKARI is Japan's first dedicated infrared astronomical satellite (and the second infrared space mission following IRTS) launched on February 22, 2006. AKARI's primary mission is to carry out the all-sky survey with the best sensitivity, spatial resolution and the widest wavelengths.
Last Modified: 19 November 2018 | aerospace |
https://www.flightmuseum.com/forensic-stem-camp/ | 2019-12-11T02:58:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540529745.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20191211021635-20191211045635-00521.warc.gz | 0.910987 | 205 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__8459466 | en | For YWLA 6th – 8th Grade Students at the Frontiers of Flight Museum
+Space STEM Live!
• This exciting, interactive event will end our Spring Break week with a festival of fun on Saturday, March 14th!
• Inspired by NASA’s three big questions: How did we get here? How does the Universe work? Are we alone?
• Multiple learning stations in our main exhibit hall will explore these three questions along with other space-themed activities!
Monday – Friday, 3/9 – 3/13
9:00 am – 4:00 pm
Space STEM Live! Hours
10:00 am – 2:00 pm
*Transportation not included*
• Transportation to and from the Museum from YWLA (camp only)
– Drop off at YWLA campus at 8:15 am
– Pick up at YWLA at 4:30 pm
• All materials and supplies
• Lunch and snacks
• Camp t-shirt | aerospace |
https://alison.com/it/argomento/impara/111895/additional-concepts-cargo-general-aviation-and-military-aircraft | 2022-01-26T12:28:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304947.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126101419-20220126131419-00282.warc.gz | 0.971005 | 6,556 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__160935384 | en | Lecture - 21
Cargo, GA and Military Aircraft, Some additional concept
Hello, let us look at some additional concepts related to cargo, general aviation and military aircraft. A gist of what we are going to cover in this lecture is shown to you in this cover slide.
(Refer Slide Time: 00:34)
We are going to look at flying cars, we are going to look at new general aviation aircraft, and we are going to look at some generations of the fighter aircraft and also looking at exciting maneuverability capabilities of modern military aircraft.
(Refer Slide Time: 00:51)
Let us start with the cargo aircraft. These are the ones as you can see the aircraft with no windows. They are the ones that carry the stuff that you order online mostly. This is the world's largest cargo aircraft. The one with 6 engines, the A225 Maria and this is a concept of the largest
cargo aircraft that the US Air Force is going to operate. Notice that it is so large that helicopters can actually take off from within the aircraft and this is how the inside of a cargo aircraft normally looks like.
(Refer Slide Time: 01:36)
We have discussed about cargo aircraft in the original lecture clips but today we will look at 1 special category called as the combi aircraft. These are aircraft which are a combination of both cargo and passengers. So as you can see on the bottom right of the screen. There is an aircraft operated by an airline called first air in which the forward half of the aircraft has no windows that means that is the cargo part and the rear half has windows which is the passenger part.
So the front door is the cargo door and the rear door is the passenger door. By operating combi aircraft such as the one shown in the top right. In this case, the seats are in the front and the cargo is behind. You have higher options available for the airline. If it does not have a full cargo load
or a full passenger load, it can operate with a mixed bag. This aircraft Q-400 Cargo, it offers several combi options, it is not just 1 combi option. Let us have a look at the various combi.
(Refer Slide Time: 03:29)
And are very famous combi Aircraft Operations are there in what is called as the milk run by Alaska Airlines. I would recommend all of you to go online and search for Alaska Airlines milk run which starts from Seattle and goes right up to Anchorage, the capital of Alaska. And it is a daily run and this is the 1 that supplies the basic groceries, eggs and milk etc. to Alaska. So it is a very interesting case study in air transportation. How an airline operates a daily service which provides groceries to remotely connected communities.
(Refer Slide Time: 04:15)
Let us have a look now at one of the modern general aviation aircraft called as the HONDAJET H-420. This is a very unique aircraft as we will see in a short video clip about the aircraft.
(Refer Slide Time: 06:08)
The Honda jet has become a new benchmark in general aviation aircraft both because of its excellent looks, unique design and also its abilities and performance.
(Refer Slide Time: 06:23)
Let us look at some unique features of H-420. First of all the aircraft has been very carefully designed to provide a natural laminar flow in its wings and also in the nose as you can see in this particular figure. The nose portion has been very carefully designed to provide laminar flow to a
large extent. In most aircraft you can expect the top the front 5% of the aircraft to have laminar flow but here it is a much larger portion as you can see by this green patch, this is the leading edge and this is the trailing edge.
So, we see that more than half the wing has got laminar flow and almost the entire nose has also laminar flow. So, this reduces the drag. When you use an NLF airfoil you also get a very large chord. So, the benefit of having laminar flow on the wings and the nose is that its cruise speed
increases. This aircraft has a very high screw speed of 787 kilometers per hour. Due to the presence of a large area under laminar flow, the total drag decreases and hence the fuel consumption also reduces.
The t/c is quite high. So, therefore there is a larger volume available for the fuel to store. And this aircraft also follows a very special painting scheme as you can see in these 2 sketches. First there is some draft you know you when you paint it, you spray the paint and then you take out all the fumes and then there is a downward draft so that the paint does not get deposited. So, because of that you have such a beautiful color deposition on the aircraft.
And you can see it comes in multiple beautiful colors. So it is a very special painting scheme which is followed. Even structurally, the entire fuselage is carbon composite. So that makes it structurally very efficient, very light weight.
(Refer Slide Time: 08:36)
But the most unique feature that stands out in this aircraft is when you look it from the rear. We see that the engines are mounted over the wing. This is one of the very few aircraft available today in which the engines are mounted on the wing but over the wing. So, there are many reasons for this and we have covered some of them in the lecture but I would recommend all of you to go online and read there are several papers available about the design of this aircraft.
Their detailed CFD studies were done to establish the angle of these engines.
Notice the engines are slightly angled inside they are not exactly straight. So, there is a reason for all that the height of this particular pylon, the location from the fuselage, the angle etc. all has been very carefully determined to create most aerodynamically optimal design and since the
engines are mounted on the rear side they are behind the passenger cabin. So the noise levels are also much lower. And because they are mounted above the wings the accessibility for maintenance also is very high.
(Refer Slide Time: 09:50)
This aircraft is not only very well designed aircraft but also it has 1 several awards and accolades right from 2004 onwards. Here we see the awards which have been won by the aircraft in the first 7 years of existence and then it does not stop here. It continues from 2012 to 2018. So the
latest award is the AIAA foundation Award for Excellence from the AIAA in 2018. And in 2012, it won the aircraft design award by AIAA.
(Refer Slide Time: 10:29)
Now, let us move on to some private jets. Now, I hope that very soon, you become so rich and wealthy that you are able to afford your own aircraft. And then that situation arises in your life, do not forget me. Remember that I had told you about the top 10 most expensive private jets in the world. So here I have a menu available to you to purchase your aircraft. On the left and right of the screen there are photographs of world's top 10 aircraft and you have to look at them in alternate manner.
This is Airbus A380. This is Airbus A340. This is Boeing 747 and this is Boeing 787 etc. So you can choose depending on how much money you can spare. The cheapest in this menu is the Gulfstream G-500 which is here which is just $44 million and the most expensive one $600 million Airbus A380. This is the basic price. And to give you an idea about these aircraft, I have decided to show you a small video clip.
When you become super wealthy, it is important to be able to travel in comfort and style. For those whom first class cabins will not do. There is always the option of buying your own private jet. But even these come in a wide range of prices and sizes from the smaller luxury models to the ornate flying palaces. These are 10 of the most expensive private jets in the world. Number 10, the Gulfstream G500 44 million dollars. The Gulfstream G500 is the company's newest design with the first only being delivered to a customer in September of 2018.
The 91 foot 2 inch long jet has a wingspan of 87 feet and an inch. A cruising speed of around 448 miles per hour and its delivery spec. There is room for 10 people to sleep. The interior is incredibly luxurious and includes 27 inch wide seats, ample headroom to walk around, height
adjustable conference tables, and plenty of storage room with a price tag of 44 million dollars.
The cabin can be customized to your requirements such as the choice of whether the galley is in the front or the back.
And it comes with high speed internet access that said to be 30 times faster than other planes in its class. As with all private jets, the running cost can significantly increase the total overall price but the G500 has been designed to be as economical as possible. The total annual budget which
includes flying for 400 hours is approximately 2.4 million dollars which averages to the cost of 13 and 22 cents per mile.
Number 9, the Embraer lineage 1000E based on the Embraer lineage 190 regional jetliner. The Brazilian company describes the 1000E as an ultra large business jet with a spacious interior big enough to easily accommodate 19 people. It is just shine of 119 feet long with a wingspan of 94 feet and 3 inches and as a range of 5294 miles at a cruising speed of 543 miles per hour. The interior cabin is split into 5 sections which includes a walk in cargo area to the rear, a master bedroom, a bathroom with a walk in shower and entertainment lounge and a dining area.
And if you happen to have changed from the 53 million dollars asking price. Well there is plenty of further optional extras that can be fitted. And Breyers design chief J. Beaver has overseen lavish redesigns of interiors that are built to a customer's requirements including the Kyoto airship along with skylights and the Hollywood airship which imbues the style and luxury of
1930s Tinsel town.
Number 8, the Gulfstream G650ER 71.5 million dollars. The 71.5 million dollars G650Er is Gulf streams flagship product and as you would expect for the model held in such high regard by the company. It is one of the best you can buy that is specifically designed as a private jet. It is an
extended range version of the G650. And can travel a distance of 8600 miles at a cruising speed of 560 miles per hour. It is 99 feet 9 inches long and 99 feet 7 inches wide and has a 2138 cubic foot cabin that can be configured for between 11 to 18 passengers.
The interior is decorated with rich leather, fine wood veneers and handcrafted stonework. It includes our standard audio and high definition TV equipment, a convection oven, a series of 26 inch widescreen televisions and it comes fully equipped with dinnerware and cutlery. So you will be ready to entertain. By using an app on your smartphone, you will be able to control the temperature, lighting, the shades and the windows and entertainment devices while you are on board the wireless network that is connected to 2 multichannel satellite systems.
And ensures that you are kept in contact with the ground. It is cruising altitude is 51,000 feet which keeps it above commercial traffic and weather but the cabin is pressurized to around 4000 feet. So you will hardly feel like you float at all.
Number 7, the Bombardier global 7500 $73 million. The Bombardier global 7500 is according to the company the world's largest and longest range business jet with a range of 8800 miles.
This gives the ability to make a nonstop flight between New York and Australia. Ultimate comfort with 4 customizable living spaces as well as an additional crew resting area. Bombardier offers a range of options when it comes to the setup of the interior with choices of a master suite
with a walk in shower, a club suite with 4 ergonomic seats large TV and windows or conference suite with room for 6 to sit and eat an entertainment suite and even a private three person suite. Without buying a larger plane and refitting it for your needs.
This is as luxurious a private jet as is possible to buy. Number 6, the Boeing 757 $100 million. In 2011, Donald Trump bought a Boeing 757 from
Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen and gave it exactly the type of makeover you would expect from Mr. Trump far beyond simply having his name painted on the outside. The interior is what is made this a $100 million purchase. It is powered by a pair of Rolls Royce RB211 turbofan
engines and can fly for 16 hours and more than 500 miles an hour.
The refurbishment of the plane that in a commercial setup can carry up to 200 people, now has room for just 43. Some of the features include a bedroom, a dining room, a private guest room and entertainment room and this Jett even has a 24 karat gold bath. Yes, you heard that correct. Every seat has a personal TV screen as well with access to an entertainment system that offers a library of more than 1000 movies and 2500 audio CDs.
There is also gold everywhere including on the seat belts and the family logo is stamped on virtually every object in the cabin.
Number 5, the Airbus ACJ319NEO 101.5 million dollars. The Airbus ACJ319NEO is a new model of jet that completed test flights in early 2019. And the first is currently scheduled for delivery in 2020. Airbus has taken the popular A320NEO and added new engines and extra fuel tanks to extend its range and have partnered with Falco technique to customize the VIP cabin on board.
There is a focus on weight reduction to make this jet as economical to fly as possible. But that does not mean luxury is the second priority. This state of the art cabin is built with all the latest technologies such as low altitude cabin pressure, entertainment facilities, private cabins, a conference room and permanent connection to the internet through satellites. In trials, it recently completed a 16 hour flight at around 500 miles an hour with a configuration that could seat 162 people.
The first of these 101.5 million dollars jets to be produced is. aviation in Germany. But with 14 on order, it is quite possible there will be 1 on the way to a billionaire near you.
Number 4, the Boeing 787-8 BBJ 324.6 million dollars. The Boeing Dreamliner first went into commercial use in 2011. And it was inevitable that they would release a business version of the jet. Something they did by 2014. The first one was built in collaboration with Kestrel and Green
point technologies who spent 2 and a half years designing and installing the custom interior.
The list price of the 787-8 is 224.6 million dollars and the upgrades cost of further 100 hundred million dollars. But as you will see, it was all worth it as they have converted the plane into a 2400 foot luxury flying home. The master suite accessible from the entrance is completely separate from the rest of the cabin and is designed to be an oasis of silence. It has a California king size bed, a huge bathroom with marble sinks, a double size walk in shower and even heated marble floors.
Those with a lot of luggage are catered for as the master suite also comes equipped with its own dressing room, a walk in closet, a refrigerator and a safe. Beyond the private quarters, the jet has an open main lounge designed to feel as spacious as possible and includes 2 decker beds in front
of a 55 inch flat screen display. Along with other seats that have their own monitors to the rear of this cabin is a VIP lounge.
And then behind it is the guest cabin with 18 first class reclining seats and a row of Premium Economy seats for the staff. The jet has a range of 11,500 miles. So, you can reach virtually anywhere on Earth.
Number 3, the Boeing 747-8 VIP over 367 million dollars. The 747 is probably the most famous commercial airliner in the world. But for those able to afford it, Boeing also offers a private version of the jet costing 367 million dollars for the base model.
One recent and confidential client instead of spent another 100 million to upgrade the interior powered by 4 General Electric Genx engines. It can fly 9200 miles non-stop at 645 miles an hour and can be customized into virtually any configuration a client would want. The recent craft designed by Green point technologies made use of the 4786 square foot interior to include a state room three large lounges in office and a huge dining room with a table that seats 14 people.
This is also the model that is been announced to be the replacement for air force 1 and that an estimated 660 million dollars will likely become the most expensive private aircraft ever to be constructed. Plans involve making 2 jets resistant to media strikes, nuclear war and terrorist attacks with the ability to deploy flares, jam radars and refuel in midair. On board they will be able to seat about 100 people and all the equipment needed to run the entire country.
Number 2, the Airbus A340-300 350 to 500 million dollar was thought to be the second most expensive private jet in the world is owned by one of Russia's wealthiest billionaires, Alisher Usmanov. Based on an Airbus A340-300, which has a purchase price of 238 million dollars. In extensive refit means this particular jet will have cost in excess of 350 million dollars. Although no one knows quite for sure. At 209 feet long and with 4 engines, it is the biggest private jet in Russia and has a range of 10,300 miles with a cruising speed of 540 miles per hour.
The high costs and high fuel consumption mean that this model is not often used by civilian air fleets. But when you are 1 of the richest people in the world, it is unlikely to matter. Very little is known about the interior of jet though as no images have ever been released. What is known is that it is registered in the Isle of Man with the registration M-IABU, which means I M Alisher Bourkhanovich Usmanov and it is named after his father.
Number 1, the Airbus A380 at over 600 million dollars also known as the flying palace. The most expensive private jet was conceived and ordered by Saudi Arabian Prince Alwaleed bin Talal in 2013 but he apparently sold it to an unknown buyer before even receiving delivery of the plane. It is a fully customized Airbus A380 which is the largest jet that is flown by commercial carriers and costs 400 million dollars from the assembly line refitting the interior of the double decker plane costs at least 200 million dollars.
And could actually have been far more for this expense. The prince installed a concert hall a Turkish bath, a luxury car garage. So we can take his prized vehicles anywhere he goes and the prayer room with computer controlled maps that automatically rotate to face Mecca. There are 5 bedrooms which each have an in suite bathroom, a king size bed and dining area, a meeting room and even a luxury dining room where each of the 14 seats is equipped with foot rests, massages and adjustable supports.
There is also a boardroom and a laid back lounge. But undoubtedly, the most standout feature of this jet is the throne. That is pride and placed in the center. The A380 has a cruising speed of 560 miles per hour and a range of 9200 miles. But you probably will not notice how long your trip is
with amenities like this. Well, I feel like I have been in an airport all day. I do not know about you. And if you had a few 100 million dollars to spare, let us know how you would design and decorate your own private jet. If you enjoyed this video, make sure to leave a like and subscribe.
(Refer Slide Time: 26:06)
So as I mentioned, when you buy these aircraft for your own personal travel, do remember you
saw it first here. All right now, now we look at an interesting concept, something that all of us
dream about the flying cars, the cars that can fly in the air, like we have cars that can move on the roads. These are some artist impressions, taken from a very interesting page on Pinterest called as flying cars. So there are a lot of imaginative and creative ideas have been given by people about flying cars.
But friends, we are very far away from this level of expertise. I will talk today only about 2 personal flying vehicles or personal flying cars which are likely to be available in the near future.
The first of these cars available to you is the Terrafugia SF-2. As you can see, it is a very beautiful aircraft and also a very beautiful car both at the same time. And these are its specifications.
It has a capacity of 4 seats including the pilot and pilots and an empty weight of 635 kilograms but you can travel 300 kilometers in 1 fuel charge with a maximum payload of 544 Kg at a maximum speed of 230 kilometers per hour. This is how it will look as an artist's impression in
the top view the new version of this car. So there are more and more, newer and newer designs which are being proposed. So, this is a new design which has been proposed. Let us have a look at the video of the whole concept of our Terra future.
(Refer Slide Time: 30:41)
Moving ahead, the next option that is available to us is the Aeromobile. And there are many versions of this. They have reached version 5 I think by now. We will talk about the basic version 4 which was on display. So this is airmobile 4.0. As you can see, it is a car on which wings are mounted on the top backside. Here the capacity is just 2 seats and a total payload of 600 kg. The range is much larger than Terrafugia SF-2. It is 700 kilometers and the maximum speed is a little bit lower of 200 kilometers per hour. So let us have a look at the concept of airmobile 4.
(Refer Slide Time: 33:08)
So as you can notice, this is just a concept video. And once again, if you happen to buy any of these cars in the near future, remember where you first saw it. Now let us move to a little bit more exciting and nerve wracking stuff; the military aircraft. We will look at 3 aspects of military aircraft beyond what has been covered in the video clips. We will look at fighter aircraft generations. We will look at some of the key requirements of fighter aircraft.
And then finally, we will end by looking at some interesting aspects of maneuverability and super maneuverability and survivability of military aircraft. Just like any other family, there are 5 generations of jet fighters. In fact, there is now a sixth generation also. The first generation was
after the Second World War in the post-World War years 45 to 55. During which the key features of the aircraft were in production of the jet engine on Me 262 A. These were aircraft with the jet engine and they had un-swept wings.
So the 3 aircraft that represent this particular area are the Me 262 A, the Gloster Meteor and P80. The next generation was mid-50s to mid-60s. During this time, features such as the afterburner were incorporated in the engine to make it much more capable. Radar was brought into the
aircraft, sweep was introduced and some aircraft had Delta wings. An example of the aircraft which belong to this family is the MiG 21 which India also has operated very successfully and also Mirage 3 from the French stable.
So we started using military aircraft essentially from the second generation. The next generation was the mid-60s to mid-70s or early 70s in which maneuverability and guided designs. These were some of the key features they have brought into the aircraft technology. In this table belongs MiG 23, MiG 27, F-4 Phantom and from the China J-8D aircraft. Generation 4 was from mid-70s or early 70s to around mid-90s. This is a long period of time.
During this time, the concept of multi role aircraft, the concept of relaxed static stability, fly by wire these concepts were brought into or these features were added into the aircraft. The aircraft in this family are quite few the ones that were many of you know F15 and F16 from the western
stable and MiG 29 and Sukhoi 27 they belong to this generation from the Russian stable. After generation 4, there was a generation 4.5 which was from early 90s to around 2000.
Here beyond visual rain missiles, helmet mounted sight and thrust vectoring. These are the features that were brought into the design of the aircraft. So, our own Tejas belongs to this category along with the Rafale and the Eurofighter Typhoon and then we had generation 5 which
is the present generation aircraft from 2005 onwards to 2020 approximately. So, here there are features such as multi sensor data fusion and situational awareness due to infrared techniques.
The aircraft in this family and then some stealth also can be considered as brought in this particular category. So, the 3 aircraft, the 3 present day aircraft, the top ranking aircraft of today, the F22 which is now actually very old. F35 is replacing it in many ways. F22, Sukhoi 57 and J20 from the Chinese stable. They belong to the fifth generation of military aircraft. And there is a proposal to look at the sixth generation aircraft which will start from 2025 and go on till something like 2035 etc.
(Refer Slide Time: 37:22)
So, here is another look at combat aircraft from generation 4 to generation 6. Generation 4 consists of the aircraft from you know up to around the year 2000, the F16 MiG 29, Sukhoi 27 B-2 etc. They are all fourth generation. Then fifth generation are the ones which are currently in service like the F/A-22, the J20 from China, the F-35A, the J31, Sukhoi 57 and the ones that are
going to be brought out from 2030 onwards, the UCAVs unmanned combat Aerial Vehicles etc.
These are the ones which are called the sixth generation which is yet to come which is for the future. More details about combat aircraft generation from 4 to 6 are available in this paper which talks about the supersonic cruise flight of the fifth generation fighters.
(Refer Slide Time: 38:20)
Let us look at the typical requirements of combat aircraft. So, at the first level we have requirements on the aerodynamics. The prime requirement today for a military aircraft is to have high Wing loading. So that its acceleration performance and cruise performance is increased.
Then, we would like to have range so that you can reach the combat zone and you can cover that zone. We need to have air superiority which means no one else should be able to come into the area under our control and do any Hanky Panky.
We should be able to control an airspace within the limited area and time. So, during that time and during on that area, we should be superior to anybody else. That is the aim of an air superiority aircraft. That is a requirement. Stealth is also a very important requirement where you
would like to see the enemy before the enemy sees you. In fact, what you would prefer is if the enemy is just not able to see you. We saw this in the Gulf War.
When the B-2 bombers were able to fly without any fear of being detected because they were and therefore there is a very interesting video which shows how the enemy is you know how the gulf war you know when B-2 used to enter the space you know the people there would fire missiles at random because they do not know where the aircraft is. And then we have the requirements on maneuverability.
The maneuverability requirements could be on climbing performance, they could be on acceleration or could be on turning speed. It could be on many, many parameters. But more maneuverability is a very important requirement. Especially when you are looking at an aircraft that has to get there quickly fight against the enemy and come back.
(Refer Slide Time: 40:08)
So let us look at some examples of super maneuverability. Maneuverability beyond the normal standards. Mostly this particular demonstration is done in air shows to illustrate the superiority of these aircraft. It is basically mostly it is like a sales presentation or a sales demonstration. There
is a huge amount of doubt whether all these super maneuverability, maneuvers or features are really going to be useful in combat.
They might be that is why they have been provided but it is mostly used as an illustration of how maneuverable our aircraft is. And the prime mechanism by which we achieve super maneuverability is thrust vectoring that is a prime mechanism. So let us have a look at some examples of thrust vectoring.
(Refer Slide Time: 44:09)
Moving ahead. Apart from thrust vectoring one of the major mechanisms through which we can achieve super maneuverability is to have post stall controllability. So, as you will see in these wonderful maneuvers, the aircraft is going to go beyond the normal stalling regime. And once you have a control in that particular regime only then you are able to do these kinds of stunts or demonstrations.
Let us now look at one of the most famous maneuvers which has made a lot of headlines in aviation air shows which is called as the Pugachev’s Cobra. I will show you a small video clip of Pugachev’s Cobra as executed by the SU-57 fifth generation aircraft.
(Refer Slide Time: 45:45)
So, the Pugachev’s Cobra was actually discovered by you know by luck or by chance by a Yugoslavian pilot and then it was considered to be a very interesting and a very exciting maneuver. So, now let us look at a higher version of the Pugachev’s Cobra so called 360 degree kulbit turn. So after the 360 degree kulbit, now let us look at another interesting maneuver,
which is the J-turn and this will be shown on F-22 Raptor.
(Refer Slide Time: 47:24)
So this was an aircraft from the western stable the F-22. And now, to sum it up, we will look at the maneuver called as a tail slide in which the aircraft goes vertically upwards and then falls down like a stone. That also we will show you on F-22. Raptor.
So all this looks very exciting and looks very breathtaking. But in Modern Combat, where we have the beyond visual range missiles in which you have fire and forget weapons. You know, there may not be any need for any of these very super maneuverable capability in the aircraft. So that is why there are questions on whether this kind of maneuverability is really going to be of great use. But still, it does make a very exciting demonstration during the air shows. | aerospace |
https://planetsedu.com/how-does-that-compare-to-earth/ | 2023-09-23T08:13:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923062631-20230923092631-00559.warc.gz | 0.92717 | 933 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__220315303 | en | How Does That Compare to Earth
How Does That Compare to Earth?
When it comes to exploring the universe and discovering new celestial bodies, one question that often arises is, “How does that compare to Earth?” As humans, we naturally seek to understand our place in the cosmos and compare other planets, stars, and galaxies to our own home planet. In this article, we will delve into this fascinating topic and explore various aspects of space that can be compared to Earth.
Size and Mass:
Earth, with a diameter of approximately 12,742 kilometers and a mass of 5.97 x 10^24 kilograms, is considered a relatively small planet compared to others in the universe. For instance, Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, has a diameter of 139,820 kilometers, more than ten times that of Earth. However, Earth is significantly larger than some other celestial bodies, such as the Moon and Pluto.
Gravity plays a crucial role in determining the conditions on a planet’s surface. On Earth, we experience a gravity of 9.8 m/s², which allows us to walk, run, and jump. In comparison, the gravity on other planets varies greatly. For example, the gravity on Mars is only about 0.38 times that of Earth, making it easier for astronauts to jump higher and carry heavier loads. On the other hand, the gravity on Jupiter is around 24.79 times that of Earth, making it nearly impossible for humans to survive there.
Earth’s atmosphere is a unique blend of gases that supports life as we know it. It consists mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and traces of other gases. However, the composition of the atmosphere on other planets can differ significantly. For instance, Venus has a thick atmosphere mainly composed of carbon dioxide, resulting in a runaway greenhouse effect and extreme temperatures. Mars, in contrast, has an atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide but is so thin that it cannot sustain human life without protection.
Temperature and Climate:
Earth has a diverse range of climates due to its axial tilt and varying proximity to the Sun. From icy polar regions to scorching deserts, Earth’s temperature and climate vary greatly across different regions. Planets like Mercury and Venus experience extreme temperatures due to their proximity to the Sun, while the outer planets such as Uranus and Neptune are much colder with temperatures reaching hundreds of degrees below freezing.
Water and Life:
One of Earth’s most distinctive features is the presence of liquid water, which is essential for life as we know it. While water has been found on other celestial bodies such as Mars and moons of Jupiter and Saturn, Earth remains the only known planet to have vast oceans and support a wide range of life forms.
1. Is Earth the largest planet in the universe?
No, Earth is not the largest planet in the universe. Jupiter holds that title, with a diameter more than ten times that of Earth.
2. How does Earth’s atmosphere compare to other planets?
Earth’s atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, while other planets have varying compositions. Venus, for example, has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
3. Can humans survive on other planets?
The conditions on other planets vary greatly. While some planets have extreme temperatures or lack a suitable atmosphere, there is ongoing research on potential habitability on planets like Mars.
4. Are there any other planets with liquid water?
While liquid water has been discovered on some celestial bodies, Earth remains the only known planet with vast oceans and a significant amount of liquid water.
5. How does Earth’s gravity compare to other planets?
Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s². Other planets have varying gravity; for example, Mars has about 0.38 times Earth’s gravity, while Jupiter has nearly 25 times Earth’s gravity.
6. Are there any planets with climates similar to Earth?
Although Earth has a unique range of climates due to its axial tilt, no other planet in our solar system has a climate comparable to Earth’s.
7. What makes Earth suitable for life?
Earth’s ideal distance from the Sun, the presence of liquid water, and a diverse atmosphere contribute to its suitability for life.
8. Are there any other planets with diverse ecosystems like Earth?
As of now, Earth remains the only known planet with a vast array of ecosystems and biodiversity. | aerospace |
https://www.history.nasa.gov/SP-4225/documentation/early-station/early.htm | 2022-01-20T20:03:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302622.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120190514-20220120220514-00545.warc.gz | 0.937046 | 16,930 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__158617459 | en | PART I: Early Space Station Activities - 1923 through July 1965
Excerpted from: SKYLAB A CHRONOLOGY by Roland
W. Newkirk and Ivan D. Ertel with Courtney G. Brooks SP-4011
Hermann Oberth published Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Planetary Space), which contained the first serious proposal for a manned space station to appear in scientific literature rather than fiction. Oberth's study presented to the scientific community a broad treatise on the practicability and scientific value not only of manned permanent stations in orbit above the Earth, but also space flight in general. Oberth suggested a permanent station supplied by smaller rockets on a periodic basis and suggested rotation of the vehicle to produce an artificial gravity for the crew. Such a station, he said, could serve as a base for Earth observations, as a weather forecasting satellite, as a communications satellite, and as a refueling station for extraterrestrial vehicles launched from orbit.
Translation of Hermann Oberth's Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen, Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin, 1923.
Writing in the monthly journal Die Rakete, Baron Guido von Pirquet presented broad arguments in favor of the scientific possibility of manned space travel and the velocities required for orbital and interplanetary flight, of which orbital speed was by far the more difficult to attain. Von Pirquet suggested several different space stations for diverse functions: one in a near-Earth orbit as primarily an observation site and another station in a much higher orbit that would be more suitable as an orbital refueling station for escape vehicles.
Translation of Guido von Pirquet's article "Fahrtrouten" in Die Rakete, 2. Jahrgang, Breslau, Deutschland, 1928.
Hermann Noordung (the pseudonym for Captain Potocnik of the Austrian Imperial Army) published Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums (The Problem of Space Flight), which included one of the first serious attempts to put on paper the design of a manned space station. Noordung's proposed design consisted of a doughnut-shaped structure for living quarters, a power generating station attached to one end of the central hub, and an astronomical observation station. He was among the first to suggest a wheel-shaped design for a space station to produce artificial gravity, and also argued the scientific value of such a station in a synchronous orbit above the Earth.
Hermann Noordung, Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums, 1928.
Hermann Oberth published Wege zur Raumschiffahrt, in which he greatly elaborated on ideas presented in his 1923 book. Oberth here presented several specific designs for orbital space stations, ranging from spherical living quarters for the crew to large reflective mirrors fabricated in orbit. Among several innovations were methods for fabrication in orbit, propulsion by particle emission, and small ferry vehicles to permit travel in the vicinity of the station. Such stations could be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from scientific observation sites to military installations.
Translation of Hermann Oberth's Wege zur Raumschiffahrt, Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin, 1929.
In a summary of his work on rockets during World War II, Wernher von Braun speculated on the potential and future uses of rocket power and space vehicles. Von Braun prophesied large scientific observatories in space, the construction of space stations in orbit, and interplanetary travel, beginning with manned flights to the Moon.
Wernher von Braun, "Survey of the Development of Liquid Rockets in Germany and their Future Prospects," in F. Zwicky, Report on Certain Phases of War Research in Germany, Headquarters Air Materiel Command Report No. F-SW-3 RE, January 1947, pp. 38-42.
The Army Air Forces established Project RAND at the Santa Monica, California, plant of Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc. On 12 May, Project RAND, which had studied supersonic aircraft, guided missiles, and satellite applications, released a report on "Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Space Ship" that argued the technical feasibility of building and operating an artificial Earth satellite.
Eugene M. Emme, Aeronautics and Astronautics: An American Chronology of Science and Technology in the Exploration of Space, 1915-1960, Washington, D.C., 1961, p. 53; U.S. Congress, House, Military Astronautics (Preliminary Report): Report of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, House Report 360, 87th Cong., 1st sess., 4 May 1961, p. 2.
Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., completed an engineering study on the feasibility of designing a man-carrying satellite. The study showed that if a vehicle could be accelerated to a speed of 27 360 km per hr and aimed properly it would revolve on a circular orbit above the Earth's atmosphere as a new satellite. Such a vehicle would make a complete circuit of the Earth approximately every hour and a half. However, it would not pass over the same ground stations on successive circuits because the Earth would make about a one-sixteenth turn for each circuit of the satellite. Two fuels were considered in the study: hydrogen-oxygen and alcohol- oxygen. The liquid alcohol-hydrogen had been used to propel the German V-2 rockets. The use of either fuel to orbit a man-made satellite, the study showed, would require the use of a multistage vehicle. The study also indicated that maximum acceleration and temperatures could be kept within limits safe for man. The vehicle envisioned would be used in obtaining scientific information on cosmic rays, gravitation, geophysics, terrestrial magnetism, astronomy, and meteorology.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Report No. SM-11827, Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, 2 May 1946.
In a paper presented to the British Interplanetary Society, H. E. Ross described a manned satellite station in Earth orbit that would serve as an astronomical and zero-gravity and vacuum research laboratory. (Ross' bold suggestions also included schemes for a manned landing on the Moon and return to Earth through use of the rendezvous technique in Earth orbit and about the Moon.) Ross' suggested design comprised a circular structure that housed the crew of the space laboratory (numbering 24 specialists and support personnel) as well as telescopes and research equipment. The station, he suggested, could be resupplied with oxygen and other life-support essentials by supply ships launched every three months.
H. E. Ross, "Orbital Bases," Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 8, 1949, pp. 1-7.
Awakening public interest in the United States and in Europe was manifested by publication in September 1949 of The Conquest of Space by Willy Ley. Ley featured detailed descriptions of orbital space stations and manned flights to the Moon and back as part of man's quest to conquer the frontier of space. The First Symposium on Space Flight was held 12 October 1951 at the Hayden Planetarium in New York City. Papers read at the Symposium were published in March 1952 by Collier's magazine under the title "Man Will Conquer Space Soon." Contributors were Wernher von Braun, Joseph Kaplan, Heinz Haber, Willy Ley, Oscar Schachter, and Fred L. Whipple. Topics ranged from manned orbiting space station) and orbiting astronomical observatories to problems of human survival in space, lunar space ventures, and questions of international law and sovereignty in space. Finally, Arthur C. Clarke's The Exploration of Space, first published in England in 1951 and a Book of the Month Club selection in America the following year, persuasively argued the case for orbital space stations and manned lunar and planetary space expeditions, popularizing the notion of space flight in general.
Willy Ley, The Conquest of Space, 1959; "Man Will Conquer Space Soon," Collier's, 22 March 1952, pp. 22-36, 65-67, 70-72, 74; Arthur C. Clarke, The Exploration of Space, 1952.
At the second annual congress of the International Astronautical Federation in London, H. H. Koelle described "Die Aussenstation" as part of a paper on "Der Einfluss der Konstruktiven Gestaltung der Aussenstation auf die Gesamtkosten des Projektes (The Influence of the Layout of the Satellite on the Overall Cost of the Project)." Koelle's paper represented the most realistic appraisal so far of the problems of design and construction of a space station. He dealt with problems of payload limitation, orbital assembly, limitations on the crew in the space environment, and national and economic factors behind space station growth. In Koelle's view, such a station might be used for scientific investigations of Earth's upper atmosphere, weather observation, astrophysical research, and human and chemical research in a zero-gravity environment. Also, such a station might serve as a communications and navigation link with the ground and as a station for launching more distant space missions. He suggested a large circular structure consisting of 36 separate 5-m spheres arranged around a central hub, the whole structure rotating to provide an artificial gravity environment to offset physiological effects of prolonged weightlessness on the crew. One of the unique elements in Koelle's scheme was assembly of various parts of the station launched via separate rockets, with each segment being a complete structure. In this way the station could be made operational before fabrication was completed, and subsequent expansion of the structure could take place whenever desired. Total personnel complement of the station would range from 50 to 65 people. Koelle even estimated the cost of such a project: $518 million for construction and $620 million over an operational lifetime of six months.
John W. Massey, Historical Resume of Manned Space Stations, Army Ballistic Missile Agency Report No. DSP-TM-9 60, 15 June 1960, pp. 19- 26.
In "Analysis of Orbital Systems," a paper read at the fifth congress of the International Astronautical Federation in Innsbruck, Austria, Krafft Ehricke described a four-man orbital station. Arguing that a very large space station was neither necessary nor desirable, Ehricke postulated a four-man design that might serve a number of different purposes, depending upon altitude and orbital inclination. He suggested that such a station might be used for a multitude of scientific research, for orbital reconnaissance, for an observation platform, and as a launch site for more distant space ventures. The station would be launched initially by a large multistaged booster and subsequently visited by crews and resupplied by means of smaller ferry rockets.
Ibid., pp. 28-31.
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and the Air Force signed a Memorandum of Understanding concerning the principles in the development and testing of the Air Force's Hypersonic Boost Glide Vehicle (Dyna Soar I). The following principles would apply to the project: ( l ) The project would be conducted as a joint Air Force-NACA project. (2) Overall technical control of the project would rest with the Air Force, acting with the advice and assistance of NACA. (3) Financing of the design, construction, and Air Force test of the vehicles would be borne by the Air Force. (4) Management of the project would be conducted by an Air Force project office within the Directorate of Systems Management, Headquarters, Air Research and Development Command. NACA would provide liaison representation in the project office and provide the chairman of the technical team responsible for data transmission and research instrumentation. (5) Design and construction of the system would be conducted through a negotiated prime contractor. (6) Flight tests of the vehicle and related equipment would be accomplished by NACA, the USAF, and the prime contractor in a combined test program, under the overall control of a joint NACA-USAF committee chaired by the Air Force.
Memorandum of understanding, "Principles for Participation of NACA in Development and Testing of the 'Air Force System 464L Hypersonic Boost Glide Vehicle (Dyne Soar I),'" signed by Gen. Thomas D. White, Chief of Staff, USAF, 13 May 1958, and Hugh L. Dryden, Director NACA, 20 May 1958.
During the Year
In 1958, the year after Sputnik 1, Krafft Ehricke, then with General Dynamics' Convair Division, designed a four-man space station known as Outpost. Ehricke proposed that the Atlas ICBM being developed by Convair could be adapted as the station's basic structure. The Atlas, 3 m in diameter and 22.8 m long, was America's largest rocket at the time.
Dave Dooling, "The Evolution of Skylab," Spaceflight, January 1974, p. 20.
A 1958 spacecraft design concept for a two-man orbiting laboratory prepared by H. Kurt Strass and Caldwell C. Johnson of NASA's Space Task Group at Langley Field, Virginia.
In testimony before the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, NASA Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden and DeMarquis D. Wyatt, Assistant to the Director of Space Flight Development, described the long-range objectives of the agency's space program: a multimanned orbiting space station; a permanent manned orbiting laboratory; unmanned lunar probes; and manned lunar orbital, lunar-landing, and-ultimately-interplanetary flight.
U.S. Congress, Senate, NASA Authorization Subcommittee of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, NASA Supplemental Authorization for Fiscal Year 1959: Hearings on S.1096, 86th Cong., 1st sess., 1959, pp. 46, 81.
John W. Crowley, Director of Aeronautical and Space Research, appointed Harry J. Goett of the Ames Research Center to head a Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight to assist Headquarters in long-range planning and basic research on manned space flight. Composed of representatives from the field centers as well as Headquarters, members of the Goett Committee (as it was called) met for the first time on 25-26 May. From the outset, they agreed to concentrate on the long-range objectives of NASA's man-in-space program, including supporting research required, coordinating the research efforts of the various field centers, and recommending specific research projects and vehicle development programs.
The most important task facing the Goett Committee was the issue of a flight program to follow Mercury. H. Kurt Strass of the Space Task Group (STG) at Langley Field, Virginia (the field element that subsequently evolved into the Manned Spacecraft Center), described some preliminary ideas of STG planners regarding a follow-on to Mercury: (1) an enlarged Mercury capsule to place two men in orbit for three days; (2) a two-man Mercury capsule and a large cylindrical structure to support a two-week mission. (In its 1960 budget, NASA had requested $2 million to study methods of constructing a manned orbiting laboratory or converting the Mercury spacecraft into a two-man laboratory for extended space missions.)
Memorandum, John W. Crowley to Dist., "Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight," 1 April 1959; "Minutes, Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight," 25-26 May 1959, pp. 1-2, 6-9; U.S. Congress, House, Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Appropriations: Hearings, 86th Cong., 1st sess., 1959, pp. 42-45.
DeMarquis D. Wyatt, Assistant to the Director of Space Flight Development, testified before Congress in support of NASA's request for $3 million in Fiscal Year 1960 for research on techniques and problems of space rendezvous. Wyatt explained that logistic support for a manned space laboratory, a possible post-Mercury flight program, depended upon resolving several key problems and making rendezvous in orbit practical. Among key problems he cited were establishment of methods for fixing the relative positions of two objects in space; development of accurate target acquisition devices to enable supply craft to locate the space station; development of guidance systems to permit precise determination of flight paths; and development of reliable propulsion systems for maneuvering in orbit.
U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics and Subcommittees Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1960 NASA Authorization: Hearings on H.R. 6512, 86th Cong., 1st sess., 1959, pp. 97, 170, 267-68.
In a Project Horizon report, Wernher von Braun, then with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, advanced a theory that he had conceived years earlier for using a booster's spent stage as a space station's basic structure. This later evolved into the "wet stage" concept for the Skylab Program.
Project Horizon, Phase I Report: A U.S. Army Study for the Establishment of a Lunar Military Outpost, Vol. II, pp. 127- 130.
Laurence K. Loftin, Jr., of Langley Research Center, presented to the Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight a report on a projected manned space station. During subsequent discussion, Committee Chairman Harry J. Goett stated that considerations of space stations and orbiting laboratories should be an integral part of coordinated planning for a lunar landing mission. George M. Low of NASA Hq warned that care must be exercised that each successive step in space be taken with an eye toward the principal objective (i.e., lunar landing) because the number of steps that realistically could be funded and attempted was extremely limited. (Subsequently, Low s thinking and the recommendations of the Research Steering Committee were influential in shifting the planning focus of NASA's manned space program away from ideas of large space stations and laboratories and toward lunar flight and the Apollo program.
"Minutes, Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight, 25-26 June 1959," p. 6.
E. C. Braley and L. K. Loftin, Jr., sponsored a conference at LaRC to focus study at the Center on placing a manned space station in Earth orbit. Participants at the conference aimed at concentrating research efforts on developing the technology to build, launch, and operate such a station. Braley, Loftin, and others envisioned several purposes of such a space station: (1) to study the physical and psychological reactions of man in the space environment for extended periods of time, as well as his capabilities and usefulness during such missions; (2) to study materials, structures, and control systems for extended-duration space vehicles, and means for communication, orbit control, and rendezvous in space; and (3) to evaluate various techniques for terrestrial and astronomical observation and how man's unique abilities could enhance those techniques in space. Participants envisioned this Langley study project as an initial step toward landing men on the Moon some 10 to 15 years later.
Memorandum, Beverly Z. Henry, Jr., to Associate Director, "Langley Manned Space Laboratory Effort," 5 October 1959.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., was visited by a representative of the London Daily Mail newspaper who was visiting several companies to collect ideas for space stations. The Daily Mail held a highly promoted public exhibition each year called the "London Daily Mail Home Show," and wanted to have "A Home in Space" as the theme for the 1959 show. Douglas offered to do a full design study (including mockup details) for him, and after visiting several other companies he returned and informed Douglas they had won the "competition." W. Nissim of the Douglas Advanced Design Section was given a budget of $10 000 with which he turned out a technical report, mockup drawings, and posters to be used in the show. The full-scale mockup was built and exhibited in London in 1959. The basic concept was identical to the original Saturn "Wet Workshop" but was not connected to any projected launch vehicle. A hydrogen-fueled stage was chosen simply because it offered a larger usable volume. Several concepts for detailed equipment and techniques adopted for later programs were originally developed for this study.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Report No. SM 36173, London Daily Mail Astronomical Space Observatory, November 1959; memorandum, Joe Tschirgi, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., MDAC, to Walt Cleveland, MDAC, 4 April 1973.
The London Daily Mail presented the Space Vehicle at its 1960 Ideal Home Exhibition, and an estimated 150 000 to 200 000 people passed through the vehicle.
The following is extracted from the 1960 exhibition catalog:
Letter, Trevor Smith, London Daily Mail, to Ivan D. Ertel, Historical Services and Consultants Company, 14 October 1974, with extract from 1960 Ideal Home Exhibition catalog.
The Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, NASA, and the RAND Corporation sponsored a Manned Space Stations Symposium featuring leading aeronautical and aerospace scientists and engineers from across the country. They examined the entire subject from present planning and future steps through engineering feasibility, operational techniques, designs, costs, and utilitarian considerations. This conference marked one of the focal points in American space station thinking up to that time.
"Proceedings of the Manned Space Stations Symposium," Los Angeles, California, 20-22 April 1960.
The architectural plans drawn for the 1960 Ideal Home Exhibition in Empire Hall, London, showing three views of the mockup space station.- Drawings courtesy of the London Daily Mail.
Two photographs of the 1960 Ideal Home Exhibition in London: At left, a "crewman" is at the control panel that operates the battery of space telescopes. Note his "shirt-sleeve" clothing. At right, a space-suited "crewman" is outside the space station working on one of the telescopes. Photos courtesy of the London Daily Mail.
Representatives from the various NASA Field Centers and Headquarters attended a conference on space rendezvous held at LaRC under the chairmanship of Bernard Maggin. The participants reviewed current Center research programs on space rendezvous and exchanged ideas on future projects. Many of the studies already in progress involved the idea of a space ferry and rendezvous with a station in cislunar space. Although as yet NASA had no funding for a rendezvous flight test program, consensus of those at this conference held that rendezvous would be essential in future manned space programs and that the Centers should undertake experiments to establish its feasibility and to develop various rendezvous techniques.
Inter-NASA Research and Development Centers Discussion on Space Rendezvous, LaRC, 16-17 May 1960.
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation officials proposed to NASA a one-man space station consisting of a Mercury capsule and a cylindrical space laboratory capable of supporting one astronaut in a shirt- sleeve environment for 14 days in orbit. The complete vehicle, McDonnell said, could be placed in a 240-km orbit by an Atlas-Agena booster, thus affording NASA what the company termed a "minimum cost manned space station."
McDonnell Aircraft Corp., One Man Space Station, 24 August 1960 (rev. 28 October 1960)
A NASA Hq working group headed by Bernard Maggin completed a staff study recommending an integrated research, development, and applied orbital operations program through 1970 at an approximate cost of $1 billion. In its report, the group identified three broad categories of orbital operations: inspection, ferry, and orbital launch. Maggin and company reasoned that future space programs...
In October 1960 Rene A. Berglund of Langley Research Center's Space Station Office prepared the spacecraft design concept of an inflatable space laboratory based on the Mercury spacecraft.
...required the capability for such orbital operations and recommended that a development program, coordinated with the Department of Defense, be undertaken immediately. Also, because of the size and scope of such a program, they recommended that it be independent of other space projects and that NASA create a separate administrative office to initiate and manage the program.
Memorandum, Bernard Maggin to Associate Administrator, "Staff Paper-'Guidelines for a Program for Manned and Unmanned Orbital Operations,'" 22 May 1961.
Space Task Group Director Robert R. Gilruth informed Ames Research Center that current planning for Apollo "A" called for an adapter between the Saturn second stage and the Apollo spacecraft to include, as an integral part, a section to be used as an orbiting laboratory. Preliminary in-house configuration designs indicated this laboratory would be a cylindrical section about 3.9 m in diameter and 2.4 m in height. The laboratory would provide the environment and facilities to conduct scientific experiments related to manned operation of spacecraft. Gilruth requested that Ames forward to STG descriptions of scientific experiments believed to be important to the development of manned space flights, together with a list of necessary support equipment requirements.
In response to the request from the STG, ARC Director Smith J. DeFrance suggested a series of experiments that might be conducted from an Earth-orbiting laboratory: astronomical observations; monitoring the Sun's activity; testing man's ability to work outside the vehicle; zero-g testing; and micrometeoroid impact study. DeFrance noted that all of these experiments could be performed in the lunar mission module part of the Apollo space vehicle with little or no design modification.
Letters, Robert R. Gilruth to ARC, "Scientific experiments to be conducted in an orbiting laboratory," 18 May 1961; Smith J. DeFrance to STG, Attn: Apollo Project Office, "Suggestions for experiments to be conducted in an earth-orbiting scientific laboratory," 31 May 1961.
Emanuel Schnitzer of LaRC suggested a possible adaptation for existing Apollo hardware to create a space laboratory, which he termed an "Apollo X" vehicle. Schnitzer's concept involved using a standard Apollo command and service module in conjunction with an inflatable spheroid structure and transfer tunnel to create a space laboratory with artificial gravity potential. He argued the technical feasibility of such a scheme with minimal weight penalties on the basic Apollo system. (Although little apparently was done with his idea, Schnitzer's thinking, along with similar thoughts by many of his colleagues, created a fertile environment within NASA for the idea of adapting Apollo-developed space hardware to laboratories and space stations in Earth orbit.) In April 1962 Paul Hill, Chief of the Applied Materials and Physics Division, stated that structures were under study which could hold from 4 to 30 people.
Emanuel Schnitzer, Possible APOLLO "X" Inflatable Space Laboratory, October 1961; Astronautical and Aeronautical Events of 1962, 12 June 1963, p. 64.
This spacecraft design of the possible use of Apollo as a space station was prepared by H. Kurt Strass of Space Task Group in the fall of 1961.
MSC designers and planners prepared a preliminary document that outlined areas of investigation for a space station study program (handled largely under the aegis of Edward H. Olling of the Spacecraft Research Division). Flight Operations Division Chief Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., urged that the study format be expanded to include such areas as the operational requirements for a ground support and control network, logistics vehicles, and space station occupied versus unoccupied intervals.
Memorandum, Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., to Edward H. Olling, "Rough Draft of Space Station Study Document," 1 May 1962, with enclosure, "Proposed Revision."
John C. Fischer, Jr., an aerospace technologist at Lewis Research Center, put forward a plan for a two- phased approach for a space station program. The more immediate step, involving launching a manned and fully equipped station into orbit, would span some four to six years. Such a station would allow investigation of stationkeeping, rotation of personnel in orbit through supply and ferry craft, and replacement of modules in orbit through modular construction. The second and more sophisticated phase of a space station program, evolving from the earlier step, envisioned injection of an unmanned inflatable structure into orbit which would then be manned and resupplied by ferry vehicles (using hardware and techniques developed under the earlier phase of such a program). This more sophisticated approach included artificial gravity (eliminating many human and hardware-design problems of long periods of zero-g); gyroscopic stability of the platform (eliminating requirements for propellants to maintain the station's orientation in orbit); and supply vehicles designed for reentry and landing at selected airports (eliminating the expense of conventional recovery methods).
John C. Fischer, Jr., Brief Plan for Establishing an Orbital Manned Space Station, 10 May 1962.
Representatives from Avco Manufacturing Corporation made a presentation to MSC on a proposal for a space station. Prime purpose of the station, company spokesmen said, was to determine the effects of zero-g on the crew's ability to stand reentry and thus fix the limit that man could safely remain in orbit.
Avco's proposed station design comprised three separate tubes about 3 m in diameter and 6 m long, launched separately aboard Titan IIs and joined in a triangular shape in orbit. A standard Gemini spacecraft was to serve as ferry vehicle.
Memorandum, K. J. Allen, MSC, to Chief, Flight Operations Div., "Presentation by Avco on Space Stations," 23 May 1962.
July 31- August 1
A symposium held at LaRC, attended by NASA people interested in space station work, provided a forum for Langley researchers to report on progress on some of the more significant aspects of the Center's work in the space station area. (A general research program to explore the technical problems of large rotating manned spacecraft had been under way at the Center for some time.) Various researchers emphasized that such investigations were exploratory in nature, since there existed no NASA-approved program for the development and operation of such a spacecraft. The dozen papers presented at the symposium encompassed objectives and research guidelines for a space station; preliminary research...
The first radial, integral-launch space station was based on some ideas of H. Kurt Strass at Langley Research Center about November 1961 and designed by Willard M. Taub at MSC in June 1962 for Charles W. Mathews. Later, it became known as the foldable Y-shaped space station.
....configurations; structural requirements; power, life-support, and thermal-control systems; materials requirements and fabrication techniques; operational considerations; structural and dynamic compatibility between station and launch vehicle; and crew performance.
NASA Technical Note D-1504, by LaRC Staff, "A Report on the Research and Technological Problems of Manned Rotating Spacecraft," August 1962.
The Department of Defense announced plans to develop a Titan III launch vehicle powered by both solid and liquid fuel rocket motors with a total thrust of over 11 million newtons (2.5 million Ibs). .Scheduled to become operational in 1965, the Titan III would be used to launch the Air Force's X-20 (Dyna Soar) manned spacecraft, as well as heavy unmanned military satellites. Martin Marietta Corporation had been selected as prime contractor for the project, at an estimated cost of between $500 million and $1 billion. At a news conference the following day, Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara cited the Titan III as a major step toward overtaking the Soviet Union in various phases of military space development.
Washington Post, 21 August 1962; DOD Release 1367-62.
MSC aerospace technologists William G. Davis and Robert L. Turner compiled a description of scientific and support instrumentation that would be required aboard a manned space station. Such equipment comprised basically three areas: (1) support and laboratory instrumentation, including those systems required for crew safety and scientific experiments; (2) scientific instrumentation, primarily for study of a true space environment on different spacecraft systems and materials and for advancement of scientific knowledge of space; and (3) the power system for a space station (wherein the pair compared the relative merits of 400-cycle alternating current versus 28-volt direct current power sources).
Memorandum, William G. Davis and Robert L. Turner, MSC, to E. R. Diemer, MSC, "Scientific and Support Instrumentation for a Manned Space Station," 11 September 1962.
A meeting to discuss space-station-related work during 1963 was held in Washington between people from the Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF), the Office of Advanced Research and Technology (OART), and the three Centers most involved in such work, MSC, MSFC, and LaRC. Although the timing for a space station project was far from firm, all agreed that the concept was important and that advanced technological work must proceed at the Centers in order to present top management with information on such a program when appropriate.
Douglas Lord of OMSF noted that funding for space station research and study contracts was limited because of an "understandable preoccupation" with the Apollo program, noting that for 1963 OMSF was allowing $2.2 million to MSC...
During 1962, while the Apollo spacecraft design was still in the definition stage and a mode for the lunar landing had not yet been chosen, other activities were being pursued on a smaller scale. One such activity was planning for for future programs. NASA Centers, the Air Force, and many of the major aerospace contractors were developing possible space station concepts and studying their potential uses. Some of those concepts, most in consideration at that time, are shown on these facing pages. The variety seems to indicate that aerospace engineers, given the opportunity and challenge, can come up with a number of seemingly far-reaching configurations, all of which might achieve the desired result.
Maxime A. Faget stated that MSC was revising some of its earlier plans for space station studies to include a thorough operational analysis so that rational costbased decisions could be made in 1964. He observed that cost would be a very important-if not the most important-factor in any early space station program decision, thus dictating a simple design for the vehicle.
Clint Brown, representing Langley, agreed with Faget's views and announced that LaRC had reorganized its original space station steering group and had reoriented and broadened their conceptual design studies, with greater emphasis upon simplicity of configuration and system design. Although Brown and Faget disagreed on the principal justification for a space station program (Faget viewed it as a support for a future manned flight to Mars, while Brown argued primarily its usefulness as a research laboratory for a variety of NASA research elements), both agreed on the desirability of bringing all of the Agency's Program Offices (such as the Office of Space Science and Applications) into the planning picture. All the participants at this meeting agreed that a paramount objective for immediate planning was to define program objectives for a space station-what roles it would fill and what purposes it would be designed to accomplish.
Memorandum, W. E. Stoney, NASA Hq, to R. L. Bisplinghoff, NASA Hq, "OARTOMSF and Center Meeting on Space Station Studies," 5 October 1962.
Joseph F. Shea, Deputy Director for Systems, Office of Manned Space Flight, solicited suggestions from each of the Headquarters' Program Offices and the various NASA Centers on the potential uses and experiments for a manned space station. Such ideas, Shea explained, would help determine whether adequate justification existed for such a space laboratory, either as a research center in space or as a functional satellite. Preliminary studies already conducted, he said, placed such spacecraft within the realm of technology feasibility, and, if a decision were made to go ahead with such a project, NASA could conceivably place a station in Earth orbit by about 1967. Shea emphasized, however, that any such decision depended to a great extent on whether adequate justification existed for a space station. In seeking out ideas from within the agency, Shea called for roles, configurations, system designs, and specific scientific and engineering uses and requirements, emphasizing (1) the importance of a space station program to science, technology, or national goals; and (2) the unique characteristics of such a station and why such a program could not be accomplished by using Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, or unmanned spacecraft. Finally, he stated that general objectives currently envisioned for a station were as a precursor to manned planetary missions and for broad functional and scientific roles.
Memorandum, Joseph F. Shea to Dist., "Definition of Potential Applications for Manned Space Station," 17 October 1962.
Owen E. Maynard, Head of MSC's Spacecraft Integration Branch, reported on his preliminary investigation of the feasibility of modifying Apollo spacecraft systems to achieve a 100-day Earth- orbital capability. His investigation examined four basic areas: (1) mission, propulsion, and flight time; (2) rendezvous, reentry, and landing; (3) human factors; and (4) spacecraft command and communications. Although modifications to some systems might be extensive- and would involve a considerable weight increase for the vehicle-such a mission using Apollo hardware was indeed feasible.
Memorandum, Owen E. Maynard to Chief, Spacecraft Technology Div., "Systems Investigation of a 100-Day Earth Orbital Operation for Apollo," 12 December 1962, with enclosure, same subject.
MSC researchers compiled a preliminary statement of work for a manned space station study program in anticipation of study contracts to be let to industry for a supportive study. The study requirements outlined the general scope of such investigations and suggested guidelines for research areas such as configurations, onboard spacecraft systems, and operational techniques. Ideally, studies by aerospace companies would help NASA formulate a logical approach for a space station program and how it might be implemented. Throughout the study, an overall objective would be simplicity: no artificial gravity and maximum use of existing launch vehicles and spacecraft systems to achieve the earliest possible launch date.
MSC, General Requirements for a Study Proposal for a "Zero-Gravity" Manned Orbital Laboratory, 15 December 1962.
Addressing an Institute of Aerospace Science meeting in New York, George von Tiesenhausen, Chief of Future Studies at NASA's Launch Operations Center, stated that by 1970 the United States would need an orbiting space station to launch and repair spacecraft. The station could also serve as a manned scientific laboratory. In describing the 91-m-long, 10-m-diameter structure, von Tiesenhausen said that the station could be launched in two sections using Saturn C-5 vehicles. The sections would be joined once in orbit.
Future Studies Branch Activities Report, Fiscal Year 1963, TR-4-17-3-D, 19 August 1963, p. 31.
MSC proposed building a manned space station using hardware already under development for the Apollo program. MSC's plan called for an orbiting station with a capacity for 18 crewmen. Manning would be accomplished through successive flights of six-man, modified Apollo-type spacecraft that would rendezvous with the station in orbit.
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1963, pp. 77-78; Baltimore Sun, 2 March 1963.
Testifying before the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, NASA Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden described the Agency's studies of post-Apollo space projects. Among "obvious candidates," Dryden cited a manned Earth-orbiting laboratory, which was a prerequisite for manned reconnaissance of the planets. Many preliminary design studies of the technological feasibility of a large space laboratory had been made, Dryden said. But technical feasibility alone could not justify a project of such magnitude and cost. "We are attempting to grasp the problem from the other end," he said, ". . . to ask what one can and would do in a space laboratory in specific fields of science and technology with a view to establishing a realistic and useful concept.... The program must be designed to fulfill national needs."
U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics, 1964 NASA Authorization: Hearings on H.R. 5466 (Superseded by H.R. 7500), 88th Cong., 1st sess., 4-5 March 1963, p. 20.
Associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., asked Abraham Hyatt of Headquarters to organize a task team to study the concept of a Manned Earth Orbiting Laboratory.
Seamans pointed out that such a laboratory was under consideration by several government agencies and that NASA and the Department of Defense were at that time supporting a number of advanced feasibility studies. He said that such a laboratory bore a very heavy interrelationship between manned space flight, space sciences, and advanced research and technology and that NASA's top management was faced with the decision whether to initiate hardware development. Hyatt's aft's team thus must examine broadly the needs of an orbiting laboratory from NASA's viewpoint, as well as that of outside agencies, and the operational and scientific factors impinging on any possible decision to undertake hardware development.
Memorandum, Robert C. Seamans, Jr., to Dist., "Special Task Team for Manned Earth Orbiting Laboratory Study," 28 March 1963.
Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., John D. Hodge, and William L. Davidson of MSC's light Operations Division met at Langley with a large contingent of that Center's research staff to discuss LaRC's proposed Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL). Langley spokesmen briefed their Houston visitors on the philosophy and proposed program phases leading to an operational MORL. Kraft and his colleagues then emphasized the need for careful study of operational problems involved with the MORL, as well as those associated with the smaller crew ferry and logistics supply vehicles. Specifically, they cited crew selection and training requirements, the need for a continuous recovery capability, communications requirements, and handling procedures for scientific data.
Memorandum, William L. Davidson to Chief, Flight Operations Div., "Notes on Langley Research Center's (LaRC) Proposed Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL)," 18 April 1963.
MSC announced two space station study contracts to compare concepts for a 24-man orbital laboratory: one with the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation and another with Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., Missiles and Space Systems Division. The stations were to be designed for a useful orbital lifetime of about five years, with periodic resupply and crew rotations.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Report SM 45878, Douglas Orbital Laboratory Studies, January 1964.
In a meeting with a number of people from MSC's Spacecraft Technology and Instrumentation and Electronic Systems Divisions, J. E. Clair from Bendix Eclipse-Pioneer Division gave a progress report on the company's study of stabilization techniques for high-resolution telescopes aboard manned space vehicles (work done under a contract awarded 9 November 1962). In part, MSC's purpose w as to ensure that Bendix's study reflect the Center's current definition of space stations. Clair and the MSC contingent explored a number of technical problems for different vehicle configurations, including pointing accuracy, fields of view, and physical location aboard the vehicle.
Memorandum, R. L. LaBlanc, MSC, to Deputy Chief, Instrumentation and Electronic Systems Div., "Conference with Bendix Eclipse-Pioneer Representatives on June 20, 1963," 17 July 1963.
LaRC Director Floyd L. Thompson announced that two aerospace firms, The Boeing Company of Seattle and Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., of Santa Monica, had been selected for final negotiations for study contracts of a Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL) concept. Results of the comparative studies would contribute to NASA s research on ways to effectively use man in space. Although no officially approved project for an orbital laboratory existed at the time, research within the agency over the past several years had developed considerable technology applicable to multimanned vehicles and had fostered much interest in such a project. Langley's MORL, concept envisioned a four-man Workshop with periodic crew change and resupply, with at least one crew performing a year-long mission to evaluate the effect of weightlessness during long-duration space flights.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Report No. SM 45878, Douglas Orbital Laboratory Studies, January 1964.
In a report to the Aeronautics and Astronautics Coordinating Board, Director of Manned Space Flight D. Brainerd Holmes and Air Force Undersecretary Brockway McMillan,, cochairmen of the Manned Space Flight Panel, set forth a number of recommendations for bringing about a closer coordination between NASA and the Department of Defense (DOD) in manned space station studies. Although some coordination between the two agencies already existed, direct contact was inadequate, especially at the technical level. Holmes requested all NASA program offices and those field centers involved in space station work to...
Rene A. Berglund, Chief of MSC's Space Vehicle Design Branch, is shown with models of the modular space station he designed, for which he earned a cash award from the NASA Inventions and Contributions Panel in July 1963. The one on the right is the launch configuration for the orbital revision on the left.
...comply with the Panel's recommendations for thorough interchange of study work and information with DOD.
Memorandum, D. Brainerd Holmes to Dist., "NASA/DOD Coordination on Space Station Programs," 10 July 1963, with enclosure, "Report to the Aeronautics and Astronautics Coordinating Board from the Manned Space Flight Panel."
At Seattle, five men began a 30-day engineering test of life support systems for a manned space station in The Boeing Company space chamber. The system, designed and built for NASA's Office of Advanced Research and Technology, was the nation's first to include all life-support equipment for a multimanned, long-duration space mission (including environmental control, waste disposal, and crew hygiene and food techniques). In addition to the life support equipment, a number of crew tests simulated specific problems of space flight.
Five days later, however, the simulated mission was halted because of a faulty reactor tank.
NASA News Release 63-155, "Thirty-Day Life Support System Being Tested for NASA," 16 July 1963; Cleveland Plain Dealer, 21 July 1963.
At the request of NASA Hq, MSC contracted with North American to determine what engineering modifications to the basic Apollo spacecraft would be required to extend that vehicle's mission capabilities to a 100-day orbital lifetime. Although the study contract was handled chiefly by the Space Vehicle Design Branch of the Spacecraft Technology Division, Engineering and Development Director Maxime A. Faget requested that all elements of his directorate lend support as required to achieve a meaningful and useful effort, including in-house study efforts if needed. Also, Faget described the vehicle model that served as the basis for the study: a space laboratory for either a two or three-man crew; an orbital altitude of from 160 km to 480 km; an orbital staytime of about 100 days without resupply; and launch aboard a Saturn IB. He stated that two separate vehicles were under consideration, an Apollo command module and a command module and separate mission module to be used as living quarters.
Memorandum, Maxime A. Faget to Dist., "100-day Apollo, study support," 30 July 1963.
August 17 - September 14
NASA and the DOD concluded a joint agreement to coordinate all advanced space exploration studies and any actual programs undertaken in the area of a manned orbital research station. The two agencies agreed that, to the greatest extent possible, future requirements in this area should be encompassed in a single project.
"Agreement Between the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Covering a Possible New Manned Earth Orbital Research and Development Project"; NASA News Release 63 231, "NASA-DOD Agree on Common Approach to a Manned Orbital Research and Development Project," 17 October 1963.
A "flying carpet" escape system from orbital space stations had been proposed by Douglas Aircraft Company. The escape system would be a saucer shape that would expand into a blunt-nosed, cone- shaped vehicle 7.6 m across at its base. The vehicle would act as its own brake as it passed through the atmosphere. Reentry heating problems would be met by using fabrics woven with filaments of nickel-based alloys.
Space Business Daily, 9 October 1963, p. 52; Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1963, p. 383.
NASA announced the selection of 14 new- astronauts: Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., William A. Anders, Charles A Bassett II, Michael Collins, Donn F. Eisele, Theodore C. Freeman, and David R. Scott from the Air Force; Alan L. Bean, Eugene A. Cernan, Roger B. Chaffee, and Richard F. Gordon, Jr., of the Navy; Clifton C. Williams, Jr., United States Marine Corps; and R. Walter Cunningham and Russell L. Sckweickart, civilians. This latest addition to the astronaut corps brought the total number of NASA astronauts to 30.
MSC News Release 63-180, 18 October 1963.
The Director of Advanced Research and Technology, Raymond L. Bisplinghoff, asked the several field centers to conduct a thorough assessment of the potential utility of a manned orbiting laboratory to conduct scientific and technological research in space. To date, Bisplinghoff said, the prevailing view (based primarily on intuitive judgment) saw such research as one of the most important justifications for an orbital laboratory. An accurate assessment of its potential was essential so that, as a preliminary to undertaking such a project, any such decision would rationally examine whether such a project should be undertaken and what type of laboratory should be built.
Letter, Raymond L. Bisplinghoff, NASA Hq, to Dist., "Request for assistance in defining the scientific and technological research potential of a manned orbital laboratory," 31 October 1963.
North American issued the final report of its study for MSC on extended missions for the Apollo spacecraft. In stressing the supreme importance of man's role in the exploration of space-and the uncertainties surrounding the effects of prolonged exposure to the zero-gravity environment of space-the company suggested that an Earth-orbital laboratory would be an ideal vehicle for such long-term experimental evaluation, with missions exceeding a year's duration. The more immediate approach to meeting the demands for such missions was through modification of existing vehicle systems rather than the development of completely new space hardware. In the remainder of the report, the company gave detailed descriptions of how Apollo systems might be modified to meet the requirements of extended missions, ranging from the basic command and service module to a separate laboratory and habitable module with self-contained systems and life-support equipment. All such basic concepts were technically sound and could satisfy mission objectives with minimum costs and development time.
North American, SID Report 63-1370-12, Extended-Mission Apollo Study, Final Report, 24 November 1963, pp. 1-5, 19-20.
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara announced cancellation of the X-20 Dyna Soar project at a news briefing at the Pentagon. McNamara stated that fiscal resources thereby saved would be channeled into broader research on the problems and potential value of manned military operations in space, chiefly the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) project. These decisions on the X-20 and MOL had been discussed and coordinated with NASA, and, although the Air Force received responsibility for the MOL project, NASA would continue to provide technical support.
DOD News Briefing with Hon. Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense, The Pentagon, 10 December 1963.
NASA Hq advised the centers regarding the agency's official position vis-a-vis the Defense Department's Manned Orbiting Laboratory project. Both NASA and DOD viewed MOL as a project designed to fulfill immediate military requirements. The project could not be construed as meeting the much broader objectives and goals of a national space station program being studied by both organizations under post-Apollo research and development program policy agreements between NASA Administrator James E. Webb and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara (dated 14 September 1963).
TWX, NASA Hq to Dist., 19 December 1963.
MSFC Director Wernher von Braun described to Apollo Spacecraft Program Manager Joseph F. Shea a possible extension of Apollo systems to permit more extensive exploration of the lunar surface. Huntsville's concept, called the Integrated Lunar Exploration System, involved a dual Saturn V mission (with rendezvous in lunar orbit) to deliver an integrated lunar taxi/shelter spacecraft to the Moon's surface. Wernher von Braun stated that, though this concept was most preliminary, such a vehicle could bridge the gap between present Apollo capabilities and the longer term goal of permanent lunar bases. (Although this suggestion never found serious favor elsewhere within the agency, such thinking and ideas were indicative of speculation throughout NASA generally regarding possible applications of Apollo hardware to achieve other space goals once the paramount goal of a lunar landing was achieved.)
Letter, Wernher von Braun, MSFC, to Shea, MSC', 26 December 1963.
MSC Director Robert R. Gilruth apprised George E. Mueller, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, of recent discussions with officers from the Air Force's Space Systems Division regarding MSC's joint participation in the MOL project in the area of operational control and support. Such joint cooperation might comprise two separate areas: manning requirements for the control center and staffing of actual facilities. Gilruth suggested that such joint cooperation would work to the benefit of both organizations involved. Furthermore, because a number of unidentified problems inevitably existed, he recommended the creation of a joint NASA Air Force group to study the entire question so that such uncertainties might be identified and resolved.
Letter, Robert R. Gilruth to George E. Mueller, NASA Hq, "Operational Support for the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory," 31 December 1963.
In an interview for Space Business Daily, Edward Z. Gray, Director of Advanced Studies in NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight, predicted that NASA's manned space station would be more sophisticated than the Defense Department's Manned Orbiting Laboratory. NASA had more than a dozen study projects under way, Gray said, that when completed would enable the agency to appraise requirements and pursue the best approach to developing such a space station.
Space Business Daily, 8 January 1964, p. 34.
James J. Haggerty, Jr., Space Editor for the Army-Navy-Air Force Journal and Register, called the assignment of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory to the Department of Defense "an ominous harbinger of a reversal in trend, an indication that the military services may play a more prominent role in future space exploration at NASA's expense.... Whether you label it development platform, satellite platform, satellite or laboratory, it is clearly intended as a beginning for space station technology. It is also clearly the intent of this administration that, at least in the initial stages, space station development shall be under military rather than civil cognizance...."
Army-Navy-Air Force Journal and Register, 11 January 1964, p. 10.
Following completion of feasibility studies of an extended Apollo system at MSC, Edward Z. Gray, Advanced Manned Missions Program Director at Headquarters, told MSC's Maxime A. Faget, Director of Engineering and Development, to go ahead with phase II follow-on studies. Gray presented guidelines and suggested tasks for such a study, citing his desire for two separate contracts to industry to study the command and service modules and various concepts for laboratory modules.
Letter, Edward Z. Gray to Maxime A. Faget, 15 January 1964, with enclosure, "Extended Apollo, Phase II."
In the wake of the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory project and the likelihood of NASA's undertaking some type of manned orbiting research laboratory, Director of Advanced Manned Missions Studies Edward Z. Gray sought to achieve within NASA a better understanding of the utility of such projects as a base for experiments in space. Accordingly, he created three separate working groups to deal with possible experiments in three separate categories: (l) big-medical, (2) scientific, and (3) engineering.
Memorandum, Edward Z. Gray, NASA Hq, to Wernher von Braun, MSFC, "Establishment of an Orbital Research h Laboratory Engineering Experiments Working Group," 3 March 1964.
The Lockheed-California Company released details of its recommendations to MSC on a scientific space station program. The study concluded that a manned station with a crew of 24 could be orbiting the Earth in 1968. Total cost of the program including logistics spacecraft and ground support was estimated at $2.6 billion for five years' operation. Lockheed's study recommended the use of a Saturn V to launch the unmanned laboratory into orbit and then launching a manned logistics vehicle to rendezvous and dock at the station.
MSC Roundup, 4 March 1964, p. 8.
Edward Z. Gray, Advanced Manned Missions Director in the Office of Manned Space Flight, asked LaRC Director Charles J. Donlan to prepare a Project Development Plan for the Manned Orbital Research Laboratory, studies for which were already underway at the Center and under contract. This plan was needed as documentation for any possible decision to initiate an orbital research laboratory project. (Gray had also asked MSC to submit similar plans for an Apollo X, an Apollo Orbital Research Laboratory, and a Large Orbital Research Laboratory.) In addition to the Project Development Plan, Gray asked for system specifications for each candidate orbital laboratory system; both of these would form the basis for a project proposal with little delay "should a climate exist in which a new project can be started."
Letter, E.Z. Gray to C.J. Donlan, 12 March 1964.
During the month
A study to recommend, define, and substantiate a logical approach for establishing a rotating manned orbital research laboratory for a Saturn V launch vehicle was made for MSC. The study was performed by the Lockheed-California Company, Burbank, California. It was based on the proposition that a large rotating space station would be one method by which the United States could maintain its position as a leader in space technology. Study results indicated that no major state-of- the-art advances would be required for a rotating space station program. If the program was to be implemented, maximum utilization could be made of the technologies, equipment, and facilities developed for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. Significant reductions in cost, development time, and technological risk for a large rotating space station program would thereby be obtained.
Four principal objectives were established for the study: study of alternate configurations, conceptual design of a rotating station, selection of station systems, and a program plan for the rotating station. Ground rules and guidelines were established to limit, define, and focus the studies. A summary of these follows.
If the Gemini and Apollo programs were continued at the current pace, research requirements for implementing a large rotating space station were few. These requirements were
Biotechnology and Human Research
Environmental and Stabilization Controls
Materials and Structures
Propulsion and Power Generation
Lockheed-California Co., Report No. LR 17502, Vol. Xl, Summary, "Study of a Rotating Manned Orbital Space Station," March 1964.
C. Howard Robins, Jr., and others in the MSC Advanced Spacecraft Technology Division investigated the suitability of and formulated a tentative mission flight plan for using a Gemini spacecraft to link up with an orbiting vehicle to achieve a long-duration space mission (dubbed the "Pecan" mission). The two crewmen were to transfer to the Pecan for the duration of the mission. As with similar investigations for the application of Apollo hardware, the scheme postulated by Robins and his colleagues emphasized maximum use of existing and planned hardware, facilities, and operational techniques.
Howard C. Robins, Jr., "On the Establishment of a Nominal Flight Plan for the Gemini-Pecan Mission," MSC Internal Note No. 54 EA-22, 29 April 1964.
Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert announced that three firms, Douglas Aircraft Company, General Electric Company, and The Martin Company, had received authorization to begin work on space station studies. Zuckert predicted also that the Titan III would be test-flown that summer and would launch the Manned Orbiting Laboratory sometime in 1967 or 1968.
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1964, p. 205.
During the month
The recent creation of the Apollo Logistic Support System Office in Washington prompted the formal investigation of a variety of extensions of Apollo hardware to achieve greater scientific and exploratory dividends from Apollo hardware. Director of Special Manned Space Flight Studies William B. Taylor suggested to William E. Stoney and others in Houston that Grumman receive a study contract to investigate possible modifications to the lunar excursion module (LEM) to create a LEM truck (concepts which the company had already investigated preliminarily on an in-house basis). The time was appropriate, Taylor said, for more intensive and formal efforts along these lines.
Letter, William B. Taylor, NASA Hq, to William E. Stoney, MSC, "LEM Truck," 24 June 1964.
A study submitted to NASA by Douglas Aircraft Company concluded that a six-man space research station, capable of orbiting for one year, could be orbiting the Earth within five years. The crew, serving on a staggered schedule, would travel to and from the station on modified Gemini or Apollo spacecraft. The station would provide a small degree of artificial gravity by rotating slowly and would include a centrifuge to simulate reentry forces.
Douglas Aircraft Co., Report No. SM-45878, Douglas Orbital Laboratories Studies, July 1964.
Commenting on Republican Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater's views on the space program, Warren Burkett, science writer for the Houston Chronicle, observed that a great deal of research being conducted as part of NASA's Apollo program could be of direct value to the military services. Burkett contended that an orbital laboratory using Apollo-developed components could be used for such military applications as patrol and orbital interception. He suggested that, with Apollo, NASA was generating an inventory of "off-the-shelf" space hardware suitable for military use if needed.
Houston Chronicle, 26 July 1964.
Willis B. Foster, Director of Manned Space Science in the Office of Space Science and Applications, distributed a preliminary draft report of the Ad Hoc Astronomy Panel of the Orbiting Research Laboratory (ORL). The panel, which met on 26 October 1963 and again on 24 June 1964, was created to sound out the American scientific community on the validity of manned astronomy in space and to define astronomy objectives for the ORL, mission. The panel promulgated a broad statement on the scope and direction of the manned space astronomy program. Although sounding rocket and unmanned satellite programs had merit, the panel stated that broader, more flexible and ultimately more economical- astronomy programs required the presence of man in space. Initial manned astronomy programs should he carried out as soon as possible, and, although primary interest was on Earth-orbital systems, the panel clearly was looking forward to the eventual possibility of lunar surface observatories.
The Ad Hoc Astronomy Panel also presented a comprehensive rationale for man's role in space astronomy: assembly of large, bulky, or fragile equipment in space; maintenance, repair, and modification of equipment; and direct monitoring of scientific apparatus and immediate data feedback during critical periods and for specialized operations. While recognizing that the presence of flight-oriented astronauts was mandatory aboard an ORL, the panel recommended inclusion in the crew of a qualified astronomer to direct scientific operations aboard the laboratory.
Letter, Willis B. Foster, OSSA, to A. D. Code, University of Wisconsin, 3 August 1964.
MSC's Spacecraft Integration Branch proposed an Apollo "X" spacecraft to be used in Earth orbit for biomedical and scientific missions of extended duration. The spacecraft would consist of the lunar Apollo spacecraft and its systems, with minimum modifications consisting- of redundancies and spares. The concept provided for a first-phase mission which would consider the Apollo "X" a two-man Earth-orbiting laboratory for a period of 14 to 45 days. The spacecraft would be boosted into a 370-km orbit by a Saturn IB launch vehicle. Variations of configurations under consideration provided for Configuration A, a two-man crew, 14- to 45- day mission, no lab module; Configuration B, a three-man crew, 45-day mission, single lab module; Configuration C, a three-man crew, 45-day mission, dependent systems double lab module; and Configuration D, a three-man crew, 120-day mission, independent systems lab module.
MSC Internal Note No. 64-ET-53, "Apollo Systems Extension, Apollo 'X,' Description and Mission Interrelationships," 17 August 1964.
The Apollo "X" spacecraft as it was visualized in both launch and Earth-orbit configurations by personnel of the MSC Spacecraft Integration Branch in August 1964.
A background briefing for the press regarding astronomy programs was held in Washington. Nancy Roman, who directed the agency's astronomy activities, disclosed that NASA was studying the feasibility of a manned orbiting telescope. Although the telescope would be designed to operate automatically, man would adjust its focus, collect film packets, and make any necessary repairs. The space agency had already invited members of the scientific community to propose astronomical studies suitable for use in space, and several NASA centers were performing related engineering support studies.
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1964, p. 327.
In an interview for Missiles and Rockets magazine, Associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., stated that NASA planned to initiate program definition studies of an Apollo X spacecraft during Fiscal Year 1965. Seamans emphasized that such a long-duration space station program would not receive funding for actual hardware development until the 1970s. He stressed that NASA's Apollo X would not compete with the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program: "MOL is important for the military as a method of determining what opportunities there are for men in space. It is not suitable to fulfill NASA requirements to gain scientific knowledge."
Missiles and Rockets, 26 October 1964, p 14.
In a letter to Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips regarding tentative spacecraft development and mission planning schedules, Joseph F. Shea, Apollo...
Above is a draftsman's completed work, taken from a rough sketch prepared by Wernher von Braun on 24 November 1964. All the descriptive material on either side of the conceptual space station was taken directly from von Braun's penciled sketch.
....Spacecraft Program Manager, touched upon missions following completion of Apollo's prime goal of landing on the Moon. Such missions, Shea said, would in general fall under the heading of a new program (such as Apollo X). Although defining missions a number of years in the future was most complex, Shea advised that MSC was planning to negotiate program package contracts with both North American and Grumman through Fiscal Year 1969, based upon the agency's most recent program planning schedules.
Letter, Joseph F. Shea, MSC, to Samuel C. Phillips, NASA Hq, 1 December 1964.
In a letter to President Lyndon B. Johnson, Senator Clinton P. Anderson, Chairman of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, recommended that the Air Force's MOL and NASA's Apollo X programs be merged. Senator Anderson argued that a jointly operated national space station program would most effectively use the nation's available resources. He claimed that $1 billion could be saved during the next five years if the MOL were canceled and those funds applied to NASA's Apollo-based space station program.
In mid-December, Anderson issued a statement saying that the Department of Defense and NASA had worked out an agreement on MOL and Apollo X that in large measure answered the questions he had earlier raised. "The Air Force and NASA will take advantage of each other's technology and hardware development," Anderson said, "with all efforts directed at achievement of a true space laboratory as an end goal."
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1964, pp. 382, 425.
LaRC announced award of a 1 0-month contract to The Boeing Company to study the feasibility of designing and launching a manned orbital telescope and to investigate ways in which such an astronomical observatory might be operated, particularly the role that man might play in scientific observations. The study presumed that the telescope would be operated in conjunction with the proposed Manned Orbital Research Laboratory being investigated by Langley.
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1964, p. 415, cites LaRC Release.
Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara announced that the Department of Defense was requesting proposals from the aerospace industry for design studies to support development of the MOL (especially cost and technical data). Three contractors would be chosen to conduct the studies, a step preliminary to any DOD decision to proceed with full-scale development of the space laboratory.
Astronautics and Aeronautics 1965, p. 27, cites DOD News Release 42-65.
Testifying before the House Committee on Science and Astronautics during hearings on NASA's Fiscal Year 1966 budget, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller briefly outlined the space agency's immediate post-Apollo objectives: "Apollo capabilities now under development," he said, "will enable us to produce space hardware and fly it for future missions at a small fraction of the original development cost. This is the basic concept in the Apollo Extension System (AES) now under consideration." Mueller stated that the Apollo Extension System had "the potential to provide the capability to perform a number of useful missions utilizing Apollo hardware developments in an earlier time frame than might otherwise be expected. This program would follow the basic Apollo manned lunar landing program and would represent an intermediate step between this important national goal and future manned space flight programs."
U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics s, 1966 NASA Authorization: Hearings on H.R. 3730 (Superseded by H.R.. 7717), 89th Cong., 1st sess., 1965, pp. 111-115.
In a major policy meeting at Headquarters, among George E. Mueller, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight (OMSF), Homer E. Newell, Associate Administrator for Space Science and Applications (OSSA), and members of their staffs, a fundamental policy agreement was worked out regarding responsibilities for scientific experiments aboard manned space flights. Basically, OSSA had...
This original spacecraft design concept prepared in early 1965 by Willard M. Taub, MSC, for William E. Stoney, Jr., Chief of MSC's Spacecraft Technology Division, was used as a basis for later, more detailed spacecraft designs of the S-IVB Workshop. It has also been referred to extensively in discussing the most practical space station configurations.
...responsibility for definition of experiments, selection and coordination with experimenters, and, after the flight, analysis and dissemination of scientific data; OMSF was responsible for actual flight hardware, as well as integration into the space vehicles and actual conduct of the mission. Funding responsibilities between the respective offices followed the same pattern.
Memorandum, R. J. Allenby, NASA Hq, to George E. Mueller, OMSF, and Homer E. Newell, OSSA, "Minutes of Newell- Mueller Meeting of 23 February 1965," 19 April 1965, with enclosure, "Memorandum of Agreement Between Office of Manned Space Flight [and] Office of Space Sciences and Applications, Scientific Interfaces."
MSC Assistant Director for Engineering and Development Maxime A. Faget submitted to NASA Hq the Center's plans for Fiscal Year 1966 Apollo Extension System program definition and subsystems development efforts. The information submitted was based on MSC's AES study and supporting development efforts and was broken down into several categories in line with guidelines laid down by the Office of Manned Space Flight: program definition, verification of the capabilities of Apollo subsystems for AES; definition and initial development of experiment payloads and payload support; long leadtime development of primary spacecraft systems critical to achieving minimum AES objectives (i.e., four to six weeks orbital capability and up to two weeks on the lunar surface); and development of improved or alternate subsystems that would extend AES capabilities up to three months in Earth orbit. Tasks in support of these objectives, Faget stated, fell into two priorities: (1) those tasks required to verify an early AES capability; and (2) tasks in support of later AES missions and for system improvement. Those tasks having immediate priority, therefore, demanded the "hard core" of AES funding essential to meet the early AES flight dates.
Letter, Maxime A. Faget, MSC, to F.. Z. Gray, NASA Hq, "FY 1966 AES program definition and subsystem development program submission (905)," 4 May 1965.
LaRC awarded Douglas Aircraft Company a follow-on study contract for the MORL, emphasizing use of the AES program as a prerequisite to the MORL. Douglas was to examine particularly interfaces between AES experiments and missions and the MORL program.
LaRC Contract NAS 1-3612.
NASA announced selection of six scientist-astronauts to begin specialized training at MSC for the Apollo program. The men, chosen by NASA from a group of 16 nominated by the National Academy of Sciences, included one geologist, two physicians, and three physicists. The six new spacemen were Owen K. Garriott of Stanford University; Edward G. Gibson of the Aeronutronic Division of Philco; Duane E. Graveline, a flight surgeon at MSC; Joseph P. Kerwin, a Navy flight surgeon; Frank C. Michel of Rice University; and Harrison H. Schmitt, an astrogeologist for the U.S.. Geological Survey.
NASA News Release 65-212, "NASA Selects Six Scientist-Astronauts for Apollo Program," 28 June 1965.
NASA Associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., named the Deputy Associate Administrator for Programming to coordinate the agency's responses to other governmental agencies regarding post-Apollo program planning and review. At present, Seamans said, considerable interest concerning NASA's post-Apollo plans existed in the space committees of both the Senate and the House of Representatives; the President's Science Advisory Committee; the Office of Science and Technology; the National Aeronautics and Space Council; and the Bureau of the Budget. All were deeply involved in policy planning of direct concern to NASA. During forthcoming months, he emphasized, it was imperative that various program presentations and agency planning statements accurately reflect thinking of the agency's top leadership and that no contradictory positions be made outside the agency. This was essential, he said, "because of the very sensitive nature of many of the program options open to us and because of the intimate links between the NASA program and those of other major agencies."
Memorandum, Robert C. Seamans, Jr., to Deputy Associate Administrator for Programming, "Post-Apollo Planning Reviews, ' 8 July 1965.
Edward Z. Gray, Director, Advanced Manned Missions Program at NASA Hq, informed the Center Directors at MSC, MSFC, and KSC of significant recent program decisions on the approach to be followed during Fiscal Year 1966 in defining payload integration for the AES to the extent necessary for awarding major project contracts approximately a wear later. In defining AES activity, Gray said, the Centers must follow the phased approach, with definition phase contracts to be awarded competitively to industry about the first of 1966. These contracts, to run for about five months, were to include the several companies' proposals for accomplishing the payload integration effort for all AES flights and would form the basis for NASA's final choice e of integration contractors. Current plans, Gray said, were based on selection of two such payload integration contractors, one at MSC and the second at MSFC, each responsible for about half of all AES Rights. (During the integration definition phase contracts, however, MSC had lead responsibility for competition and selection of study contractors, with participation by MSFC and KSC. Gray authorized MSC to supplement the existing AES study contracts with North American and Grumman to assist in the payload integration definition effort.)
Letter, Edward Z. Gray, NASA Hq, to Directors, MSC, MSFC, and KSC, "AES Mission 1 Planning and Payload Integration," 22 July 1965.
The final report on a modular multipurpose space station was delivered to MSC by the Spacecraft Organization of Lockheed-California Company. The concept provided for a sequential evolution of space vehicles ranging from small Apollo-dependent laboratories, through larger, more versatile laboratories, to a semipermanent space station.
Initial objectives of the study were to refine and optimize the design of the large orbital research laboratory. Eight tasks were defined by NASA to fulfill the intent of those objectives; but tatter, at NASA direction, efforts were concentrated on "Experiments and Utilization and "Design of Modular Concepts," two of the original tasks. The other tasks were reduced in scope or terminated.
The ultimate objectives of the program were conceptual investigation of a family of space stations utilizing- the modular, or building block, concept and integration of a broad spectrum of experiments and applications into this family of space stations. The study was a follow- on effort to "Study of a Rotating Manned Orbital Space Station," performed for MSC, by Lockheed. (See March 1964 entry.)
The modular concept, as defined in the study, could be applied to a wide variety of missions and configurations, but only six missions using four configurations were developed:
This investigation of the four configurations, as opposed to the study of a single design, dictated that Lockheed utilize a conceptual study approach and reduce or eliminate efforts not directly applicable to feasibility demonstration. Only major structural and mechanical designs were produced. Detailed design was limited to the depth necessary to ensure concept feasibility.
Two groups of NASA-furnished experiments provided the basis for determining interior arrangements of individual stations: 85 priority I Apollo Extension Systems experiments for the one and two-compartment laboratories and 405 "Supplementary Applications" for the interim and operational stations. The experiments were briefly reviewed to define man-hour, power, weight, volume, types of equipment, and laboratory layout requirements.
Principal guidelines were used to aid in defining the modular multipurpose space station:
Lockheed-California Co., Condensed Summary of Final Report (LR 18906), "Modular Multipurpose Space Station Study," 30 July 1965.
During the month
Grumman submitted to NASA its final report on a study of AES for Earth-orbit missions (conducted under the firm's contract for a LEM utilization study). The five-volume report comprised general engineering studies, mission and configuration descriptions for different groups of experiments (both NASA's and those for the Air Force's Manned Orbiting- Laboratory), and a cost and schedule analysis. (Grumman's basic LEM utilization study explored potential uses for that vehicle....
The first conceptual sketch of an Orbital Workshop, based on a request from Dr. George E. Mueller, was prepared at MSC in mid-1965.
....beyond the initial Apollo lunar landing and examined several configurations, including a LEM laboratory for extended stays in Earth or lunar orbits; the LEM shelter, an unmanned logistics vehicle to afford astronauts a separate shelter for extended stays on the lunar surface; the extended LEM, a personnel carrier to be used in conjunction with the LEM shelter missions; and a LEM truck, an unmanned logistics vehicle without the ascent stage, thus affording an even greater payload capability to the lunar surface.) The scope of this addition to the basic study concerned the value of the LEM lab in conjunction with the command and service module for Earth-orbiting missions as part of the AES program. The study included spacecraft and experiment definition, as well as cost and schedule analyses; the description of spacecraft configurations to accommodate various types of experiments; and an analysis of crew procedures and operational requirements.
Grumman, Apollo Extension System Earth Orbit Mission Study, Final Report, Vol. 4 July 1965, pp. P-1 and P-2. | aerospace |
http://www.airsafe.com/events/models/a350.htm | 2022-08-10T08:04:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00444.warc.gz | 0.958966 | 115 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__131777195 | en | Airbus A350 plane crashes
The following are significant events involving the aircraft model. The numbered events are those involving at least one passenger death where the aircraft flight had a direct or indirect role, and where at least one of the dead passengers was not a stowaway, hijacker, or saboteur.
The A350 has not had any event involving a passenger death, or any other significant safety occurrences since the aircraft entered service in 2015.
http://www.airsafe.com/events/models/a350.htm -- Revised: 12 January 2017 | aerospace |
https://kiwispace.org.nz/display/~mark.mackay/VIP+viewing+for+Tweeps+at+final+shuttle+launch | 2024-02-23T03:49:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474360.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223021632-20240223051632-00505.warc.gz | 0.963797 | 375 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__142669423 | en | Some of my pictures taken at KSC for the Endeavour/STS-134 launch a few weeks ago. Seth Green (centre photo) was one of the attendees at the Tweetup.
NASA is hosting a two-day Tweetup for 150 of its Twitter followers on 7-8 July, at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to make its final flight at 11:40am on July 8 – the very last space shuttle launch, ever.
What's a Tweetup?
It's basically a gathering of people who use the social networking site, Twitter. But for lucky folk who attend NASA's Tweetup, it's an opportunity to meet and mingle with Astronauts, NASA personnel and experience one of the greatest spectacles from the closest viewing spot to the launch pad.
NASA held a Tweetup for the STS-134 launch, and while I didn't get to check it out first-hand, I managed to talk to a few of the Tweeps attending, and they had an absolute blast. They had a pre-planned schedule of talks from NASA employees and astronauts, were given tours of the various facilities, etc. And of course the got to tweet their experiences for the rest of the world to share.
All New Zealander Tweeps should apply!
Given my own experiences, I cannot impress enough that any New Zealand user of twitter, with even an passing interest in space should apply. You need to pay for flights and accommodation, but this is the last ever shuttle launch, and so you don't want to miss out. And you get so much more than just a launch - backstage viewing of NASA's Kennedy Space Center, etc.
I've just spent 3.5 weeks at KSC for STS-134, and am seriously considering going back to see the final launch! | aerospace |
https://ask.slashdot.org/story/05/12/09/1211238/the-new-air-force-mission?sdsrc=prev | 2017-11-21T07:47:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806327.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121074123-20171121094123-00535.warc.gz | 0.890576 | 157 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__130893508 | en | mvnicosia asks: "The US Air Force has released its new mission statement, which reads 'The mission of the United States Air Force is to deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests -- to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace.' With the recent rows over US Internet governance, what do you think is the impact of a US government overtly practicing cyberspace warfare? And what are the US's legal limitations?"
#NetNeutrality is STILL in danger - Click here to help. DEAL: For $25 - Add A Second Phone Number To Your Smartphone for life! Use promo code SLASHDOT25. Check out the new SourceForge HTML5 Internet speed test. × | aerospace |
https://zennie62blog.com/2017/07/25/faa-says-oakland-raiders-las-vegas-nfl-stadium-review-process-not-done/ | 2020-10-30T09:37:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107910204.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20201030093118-20201030123118-00603.warc.gz | 0.934658 | 217 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__144790335 | en | FAA Says Oakland Raiders Las Vegas NFL Stadium Review Process Not Done
The Federal Aviation Administration’s media relations office has informed me that the review process for the planned Oakland Raiders Las Vegas NFL Stadium is not done. What I was told is this:
“The team (Oakland Raiders) filed for FAA review of their project in June. We began our review at that time.
We look at whether a project could pose a hazard to aircraft or to navigation aids.
There is no specific timetable for a review. It depends on whether we identify any issues and, if so, how long it takes to resolve them.
We also review proposed crane locations and heights.”
And this: “You would be correct in saying that. As for your second question: We conduct our reviews as quickly as we can. But our top priority is determining whether a proposed project could pose a hazard to aircraft or navigation aids and, if so, whether and how the hazard can be mitigated. We do not sacrifice accuracy and thoroughness for speed.” | aerospace |
https://www.travelandleisure.com/airlines-airports/qantas-airline-plane-wifi-hostpot-name | 2022-01-20T20:23:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302622.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120190514-20220120220514-00602.warc.gz | 0.969696 | 162 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__8231445 | en | This WiFi Hotspot Name Was So Scary It Delayed a Flight
This story originally appeared on Time.com.
The Australia-based Qantas airline delayed a flight leaving Melbourne for two hours over the weekend when a passenger noticed a Wi-Fi hotspot called “Mobile Detonation Device” after boarding.
After the crew notified him of the hotspot name, the captain broadcast over the speakers that the flight would not leave until the source device had been located and cleared with security. They could not find the device and no one came forward, so roughly 40 people disembarked the plane due to safety concerns, the West Australianreports.
The plane was deemed safe for takeoff, but all the people refusing to fly and retrieving their baggage caused further delays on the flight to Perth. | aerospace |
https://www.electriduct.com/Flexo-Tight-Weave-Flame-Retardant-Braided-Sleeving.html | 2023-12-04T01:06:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100518.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203225036-20231204015036-00136.warc.gz | 0.894841 | 285 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__264872310 | en | Machinery and engine malfunctions can occur due to inappropriate cable management. Properly securing wires and cables on your equipment can result in a significant loss or profit to an individual or company. Protecting your equipment can also prolong its existence while reducing downtime.
Using the Flexo Tight Weave Flame Retardant Braided Sleeving will provide maximum abrasion protection and shielded coverage from fierce temperatures ranging between -94F and 257F that can drastically affect equipment functionality. This tightly braided 9 mil flame retardant monofilament was developed by aircraft engineers for the aviation industry which severely demands high abrasion protection. Major airlines use this braided sleeving because its lighter than other braided sleeving and resistant to gasoline, hydraulic fluids, and engine solvents making this cable sleeve ideal for aviation applications. Flexo Tight Weave Flame Retardant Braided Sleeving is available in 1 color and dimensions reaching 3 in diameter.
This material is Halogen Free, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant, UL (Underwriters Laboratories) listed, and CSA (Canadian Standards Association) listed, as well as VW-1, MIL-202, and FAR 25 Approved.
It is recommended to cut with hot knife for sealed ends.
For additional info, please click the More Information tab.
Accessories available including scissors, hot knives and installation tool. | aerospace |
https://plastic-models-store.com/Roden-631-1-32-Boeing-Stearman-PT-17-Kaydet-Military-aircraft-13015.html | 2022-07-03T11:05:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104240553.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220703104037-20220703134037-00061.warc.gz | 0.87754 | 432 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__179795463 | en | Manufacturer: Roden (Ukraine)
Paint: Unpainted, Unassembled, Kit do not contain paints and glue.
Condition: New in Box
Build model 1:32 Boeing-Stearman PT-17 Kaydet (Roden 631)
Quality set, easy assembly. Suitable for both experienced modelers and beginners.
- Model length, mm: 234
The Stearman Aircraft Company, founded in 1927 by Lloyd Styrman, became a division of the Boeing Airplane Company in 1939. In 1933, she began development of a new training biplane based on the Stearman Model C. It took off in December 1933 and, designated the Styrmen X-70, in 1934 was proposed for competition in accordance with the terms of reference of the US Air Corps. , which needed a new trainer aircraft for initial flight training.
The kit includes:
- 9 frames with details
- 1 frame is made of transparent plastic
- decal (sticker)
- scheme for coloring the model
- step-by-step instruction
We have lowest worldwide shipping. And it's totally simple.
|Order weight up to 0.25kg or 0.55lb||$8.90|
|Order weight up to 0.5kg or 1.1lb||$13.95|
|Order weight over 0.5kg or 1.1lb||$19.99|
|Order total over $150||FREE|
|Order total over $150 to Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Chile, Peru, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand||$19.99|
Shipping to some countries not qualifies for free shipping option but cost not over than $19.99 for any sized order. Sorry for that, your location is too far.
- Stock: 4
- Model: RN631
- Weight: 0.98lb
- DATE ADDED: 11/09/2020 | aerospace |
https://qualityfueltrailers.com/2019/10/transfueler-uav-drone-refueler/ | 2023-09-21T12:56:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00457.warc.gz | 0.83687 | 159 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__318359505 | en | 425-526-7566 | 800-509-1904
Very cool TransFueler Aviation refueler custom built for a major aerospace company.
TransFueler Aviation Jet Refueler
This will be used for flight testing of UAV’s: Unmanned Air Vehicles. AKA: Drones…
Custom designed for this unique application, this TransFueler features a stainless steel tank on removable platform. This allows for it to be removed from the trailer chassis and used as a stand-alone refueler.
Also features double fuel filtration to insure the purest quality fuel for testing the aircraft:
Double Facet VF Series Jet Fuel Filters
They may not need a pilot in the cockpit, but they all need fuel in the tanks! | aerospace |
https://www.futureflight.aero/news-article/2020-11-06/electra-takes-short-takeoff-and-landing-path-advanced-air-mobility | 2024-02-28T01:57:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474690.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228012542-20240228042542-00287.warc.gz | 0.966396 | 958 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__137769158 | en | Electra is betting that what it says will be leading-edge short takeoff and landing performance will prove to be more cost-effective than full VTOL capability as it steps up the development of its hybrid-electric STOL aircraft. The U.S. startup is seeking to begin flight testing a sub-scale, two-seat technology demonstrator during 2021 as it works towards anticipated type certification for a six-seat production aircraft in 2026.
The company was founded in early 2020 by unmanned aircraft pioneer John Langford, whose Aurora Flight Sciences company was acquired by Boeing in 2017. He says that funding from a small group of initial backers and seed-round support from an undisclosed investor have provided sufficient funds to complete the technology demonstrator stage of the program.
Early drawings of the unnamed aircraft show a high fixed wing with eight forward-facing propellers, each powered by an electric motor. The aircraft will also have a conventionally powered engine that Langford said is more like an auxiliary power unit.
The technology demonstrator flight trials will be used to evaluate the optimum short-field performance in a range of around 100 to 300 feet. The sub-scale model will be powered by eight 30 kW electric motors and a 100 kW engine, driving slow spinning, non-variable pitch propellers. The full-scale aircraft will require more power and variable pitch propellers.
Electra sees its aircraft supporting a variety of advanced air mobility missions, including air taxi operations, freight delivery, and logistics in urban, suburban, and rural environments. Its fixed landing gear is being designed for use on unprepared landing strips.
Part of the company’s business plan is to support aspects of existing and planned air transportation services. In October, it announced a partnership with supersonic aircraft developer Aerion through which the STOL aircraft would carry passengers to and from flights in the AS2 jet, which will have to operate from larger airports.
Eventually, as electric propulsion technology advances, there may be a case for developing a STOL aircraft that could carry up to around 40 passengers, Electra says. It has yet to issue range projections for the aircraft.
Langford said that Electra will look to work with partners when it’s ready to start building a production aircraft. In his view, it will take larger, more experienced aerospace companies for new-generation advanced air mobility to fulfill its potential.
Asked to predict who might emerge as dominant players from the ever-expanding pack of eVTOL startup ventures, he predicted that major commercial aviation groups will eventually take the lead in this sector, despite the extreme financial pressure now facing companies like Boeing and Airbus. “Mass matters," Langford commented. "The big guys will come back and pick up their plans, but for now, we can move at a time when others are paralyzed. Part of our plan is to build partnerships as we go forward because aviation is a very tough business."
After Boeing bought Aurora Flight Sciences, it continued an eVTOL project that Langford’s team had initiated under the name Pegasus. This program is supposedly still in progress under the name Personal Air Vehicle, although little has been heard about it since a test flight accident last year. In September, Boeing announced its intention to shut down its Boeing NeXt advanced technology division but it indicates that it remains committed to Aurora.
“In all the work we did on eVTOL aircraft, I kept coming up with answers about the cost that showed that very short takeoff and landing concepts would have significantly lower costs, and that actual vertical takeoff and landing performance is only required in a narrow set of circumstances and that in most locations space [for STOL operations] is available,” Langford told FutureFlight.
Electra’s founder views Switzerland’s Pilatus Aircraft as a strong role model for Electra, given its success with the PC-12 and PC-24 business aircraft. He has recruited the company’s former chief engineer Oliver Masefield to be Electra’s lead designer. The company’s leadership team includes a couple of highly regarded professors from the aeronautical engineering department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, John Hansman and Mark Drela, as well as former Boeing technical fellow Marty Bradley.
According to Langford, some of the aggressive timelines for service entry being touted by eVTOL aircraft pioneers are not realistic and, in any case, those who appear to be out in front in this race will not necessarily be the ones who find lasting success. “We think the certification path for this type of aircraft is well established and that we have enough redundancy in our path to certification to get there,” he concluded. | aerospace |
https://theprovince.com/news/local-news/wreckage-of-missing-plane-carrying-pilot-and-girlfriend-located-near-revelstoke/wcm/84523362-a42b-4a33-bb5f-8cfd2d081e95 | 2019-08-23T21:11:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027318986.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190823192831-20190823214831-00047.warc.gz | 0.970603 | 309 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__150558041 | en | Pilot Dominique Neron and his girlfriend, Ashley Bourgeault, took off from Penticton but never made it to Edmonton.
The wreckage of a plane that went missing in November 2017 has been found near Revelstoke.
Revelstoke RCMP said they received notice late Monday that the crew of an ambulance service helicopter had spotted a plane crash nearby, and that the plane’s markings matched those of an aircraft that went missing last winter.
In November 2017, pilot Dominique Neron and his girlfriend, Ashley Bourgeault, both from Alberta, took off from Penticton in a 1963 Mooney M20D propeller plane headed for Edmonton.
After the plane and the couple were reported missing, search and rescue crews launched an intensive search that was eventually narrowed down to a region about 18 kilometres outside Revelstoke. The case has remained open since last year.
On Tuesday, Revelstoke RCMP said police, forensics teams, a search and rescue crew, Transportation Canada, the B.C. Ambulance Service and the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre were working to get to the remote crash site. The B.C. Coroners Service will be called in if human remains are found.
“The RCMP wishes to thank the helicopter pilots and crew of the B.C. Ambulance Service for their watchful eyes in locating this plane and assisting to bring closure to the two families,” said Staff Sgt. Kurt Grabinsky in a news release issued Tuesday. | aerospace |
http://wrongcrowd.com/photoalbum/air_museum_8-2001/ | 2013-05-21T16:41:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700212265/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103012-00098-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.821025 | 285 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__207706233 | en | The Seattle Air Museum has a good collection of vintage aircraft. The Boeing company's original woodworking shop ("the Barn") is even part of the museum grounds, and it contains some of the older specimens. The main hall is cavernous and well-lit. All the aircraft are in excellent condition. The museum still has plenty of empty space for new exhibits, too.
|Curtis Jenny in the Barn (old Boeing building)||Eaglerock||Eaglerock engine closeup||Various props||Museum main hall|
|More main hall||Another main hall shot||Airmail plane||Some old biplane...||SR-21 (SR-71 precursor)|
|Note the drone on the back!||Drone closeup||SR-21 engine||SR-21 engine closeup||This tiny robot crossed the Atlantic on 2g fuel|
|Another airmail plane||Mystery plane||Corsair||Corsair||Corsair|
|Saber||A couple of jets||F-5||F-4 Phantom||F-4 Phantom|
|F-4 Phantom||MiG-21||Inside the wheelwell of a 737||Apollo capsule (never flown)||A-7 Intruder (?)|
|Pres. Johnson's old plane.||Biplane rides were for sale from $100 a person| | aerospace |
https://www.impactpool.org/jobs/868534 | 2022-12-04T03:08:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710953.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20221204004054-20221204034054-00325.warc.gz | 0.904528 | 1,019 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__273691161 | en | Vacancy in the Directorate of Telecommunications and Integrated Applications.
ESA is an equal opportunity employer, committed to achieving diversity within the workforce and creating an inclusive working environment. We therefore welcome applications from all qualified candidates irrespective of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, beliefs, age, disability or other characteristics. Applications from women are encouraged.
This post is classified A2 - A4 on the Coordinated Organisations’ salary scale.
ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands
If selected for the position, your first assignment will be to work on the Sunrise project, reporting to the Project Manager. You will be responsible for the supervision of the design, procurement and related developments of the Project missions, its platforms, its payloads, the satellites and related interfaces.
• ensuring the technical management of the space segment architecture and the design of the satellites and all related subsystems of the platforms and the payloads under Sunrise developments;
• monitoring the coherent and cost-effective implementation of requirements from system level down to the equipment level;
• ensuring the optimisation and completeness of the requirements applicable to the space segment architecture and to all related subsystems, including their consistency with the satellite system specifications, and any applicable interfaces (to launcher, ground segment or user segment);
• supervising the definition, design, development, manufacturing and AIT, as well as the in-orbit test, operations and commissioning of the Sunrise satellites;
• supporting the end-to-end validation of the overall Sunrise systems including through the definition of satellites tests and support for verification programmes in relation to the ground segment and/or user segment, as appropriate;
• monitoring the schedule and the risks of the project satellites and all relevant- subsystems procurement;
• participating in Agency-level reviews at system level or in lower-level reviews;
• coordinating with the Directorate of Technology, Engineering and Quality’s technical team that provides specialised engineering support for Sunrise, or with other technical specialists from the Directorate of Telecommunications and Integrated Applications, as appropriate.
You will liaise closely and proactively with the rest of the Project teams as well as with other colleagues within the Telecommunications Satellite Programmes Department, in particular for the creation of new CM22 Projects.
A master’s degree in engineering or physics is required.
• strong problem-solving skills, with a pragmatic approach to dealing with day-to-day operational challenges;
• strong result orientation with the ability to set priorities and present practical solutions, together with demonstrated planning and organisational skills;
• the ability to summarise complex information and demonstrate good communication skills, both verbal and written;
• the ability to work effectively in an international team environment;
• experience in working in complex space programmes up to launch and in-orbit testing is desirable, preferably in the telecommunications field.
For behavioural competencies expected from ESA staff in general, please refer to the ESA Competency Framework.
The working languages of the Agency are English and French. A good knowledge of one of these is required. Knowledge of another Member State language would be an asset.
The Agency may require applicants to undergo selection tests.
At the Agency we value diversity and we welcome people with disabilities. Whenever possible, we seek to accommodate individuals with disabilities by providing the necessary support at the workplace. The Human Resources Department can also provide assistance during the recruitment process. If you would like to discuss this further please contact us email [email protected].
Please note that applications are only considered from nationals of one of the following States: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Canada, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
According to the ESA Convention, the recruitment of staff must take into account an adequate distribution of posts among nationals of the ESA Member States*. When short-listing for an interview, priority will first be given to internal candidates and secondly to external candidates from under-represented or balanced Member States*. (https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/careers/NationalityTargets.pdf)
In accordance with the European Space Agency’s security procedures and as part of the selection process, successful candidates will be required to undergo basic screening before appointment conducted by an external background screening service.
Recruitment will normally be at the first grade in the band (A2); however, if the candidate selected has little or no experience, the position may be filled at A1 level.
*Member States, Associate Members or Cooperating States. | aerospace |
https://www.tejas.gov.in/featured_articles/air_marshal_rajkumar/page_01.html | 2019-09-22T07:54:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575402.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922073800-20190922095800-00359.warc.gz | 0.981309 | 1,126 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__91787298 | en | 4 January 2001
I woke up at 5:30 a.m. with a feeling which was a strange mixture of anticipation, confidence and a vague fear of the unknown. A lot was at stake for Indian aeronautics that day. It was the day the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Technology Demonstrator-1 (TD-1) was to take to the air for the first time, and I, as the man in charge of the flight test programme, was responsible for the safety of the test flight. The telephone rang at 6:30 a.m. It was Dr Kota Harinarayana, the Programme Director, confirming that the aircraft had completed its pre-flight checks and was being towed to the flight line. Though the planned take-off was at 10 a.m., the flight briefing was to start at 8 a.m. I raced to the National Flight Test Centre (NFTC) located at the HAL airport, Bengaluru.
Shortly after I got there, Dr V.K. Aatre, Scientific Adviser to the Raksha Mantri and Director-General, Aeronautical Development Agency, Dr Kota, and Mr K. Nagraj, Chief Executive of the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification arrived. I had requested the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), Air Chief Marshal Anil Tipnis, to be at NFTC by 7:45 a.m. for the briefing as he was going to pilot one of the two Mirage 2000 chase aircraft. He arrived five minutes early, and after a quick pre-flight medical conducted by Sqn. Ldr. Anjali Alam of the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, for the five pilots involved in the day's flying, we assembled in the briefing room.
42 year-old Wg. Cdr. Rajiv Kothiyal (Kothi), a graduate of the United States Air Force Test Pilots School, was the pilot chosen for the hazardous mission. Hazardous, not because of negligence on any one's part, but because of the many new technologies in the aircraft, especially the quadruplex digital fly-by-wire Flight Control System (FCS) and the 'glass' cockpit, both of which had been developed indigenously for the first time.
The briefing began and Kothi did not show any sign of nervousness. In fact, he exuded an air of quiet confidence as he described the flight profile and told the crew of the two chase aircraft, what exactly he expected of them in the event of an in-flight emergency. We ran through an elaborate list of emergencies that could occur and discussed the action to be taken for each eventuality. Two helicopter crews were also present; one was to be on airborne standby with a doctor on board and one on the ground. The weather was fine with cloudless skies and light winds. Ideal conditions for the first flight of a prototype.
I went with Kothi to the flight line where the aircraft was parked. It was all white as prototype aircraft are usually painted in a high visibility paint scheme for ease of optical tracking. It looked beautiful and had IAF roundels on its wings and the tricolour flash on the tail fin. The tail number was KH 2001 in honour of Dr Kota Harinarayana and the year of the first flight.
Though no official announcement of the first flight had been made, HAL and ADA personnel had thronged vantage points on the roofs of surrounding buildings not wanting to miss watching Indian aviation history being made. Kothi finished his walk around inspection of the aircraft and I said 'Kothi, we have done our homework well. The flight controls and all systems have behaved perfectly during the ground tests and high speed taxi runs. You shouldn't have a problem. Best of luck.' Of course my heart was in my mouth as I spoke but I did not let my feelings show. Dr Kota also came and wished Kothiyal the very best. A number of VIPs who were not present at the briefing had gone straight to the viewing point by the side of the runway.
I rushed back to the telemetry monitoring control room and positioned myself next to Wg. Cdr. Raveendran (Ravi), the test director who was in front of the master monitoring console. Ravi was a Flight Test Engineer who had graduated from the Ecole du Personnel Navigant d'Essais et de Reception (EPNER) France and had spent six years in the LCA programme. He had profound knowledge of every system on the aircraft. The prototype was extensively instrumented with 400 parameters being acquired from critical systems and telemetered in real time to the ground station. A further 800 parameters were being acquired and stored in a tape recorder on board. We had 16 monitoring consoles in the room, each console manned by a systems specialist keeping a watchful eye on the performance of his or her system. The engine, fuel, hydraulics, electrics, environmental control, brakes, flight control system, vibrations and strains at critical locations on the airframe were being monitored for the flight. Video cameras located with the telemetry antenna gave the test director a good view of the aircraft on the flight line as well as the runway in use and the approach funnel. None of the other specialists could see the video screen and all the curtains were drawn to permit them to concentrate on monitoring the performance of their system, and to report immediately any anomaly noticed to the test director on the intercom. | aerospace |
https://www.ilovelimerick.ie/jetpower/ | 2023-09-23T08:43:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923062631-20230923092631-00362.warc.gz | 0.936145 | 863 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__253526925 | en | US aircraft materials company Jetpower creates 25 jobs at Shannon
Jetpower Aircraft Materials Limited, a top US aircraft materials company serving customers globally since 1998, yesterday announced it is to establish a European base at Shannon Free Zone Business Park in County Clare.
The company will not only expand consignment and service support for its large, Ireland-based leasing company customers, such as AerCap, from its Shannon facility but will also continue growing its European aircraft materials business. The aircraft material company has a diverse engine and airframe product base and global experience which enables them to provide their customer base with a quick and thorough response, using creative personalized solutions throughout the supply chain.
Shannon Commercial Properties, the property arm of Shannon Group plc, has assisted Jetpower to secure a 25,000 sq ft premises at Shannon Free Zone, West. The facility provides warehousing and storage for engine parts which will then be transported to Europe and globally via Shannon Airport. It is the latest addition to the aerospace cluster at the Shannon Free Zone, where 50 aviation companies employ over 2,500 people between them.
Minister for Trade, Employment, Business, EU Digital Single Market & Data Protection Pat Breen has welcomed the announcement by US Aircraft Materials company Jetpower Aircraft Materials Limited (Jetpower) that it is to establish a European base at the Shannon Free Zone Business Park.
“The announcement by US Aircraft Materials company Jetpower Aircraft Materials Limited (Jetpower) that it is to establish a European base at the Shannon Free Zone Business Park. is very positive news for the International Aviation Services Centre (IASC) in Shannon,” said Minister Breen.
“The Shannon aviation cluster spans the industry value chain, encompassing everything from aircraft leasing, maintenance, and recycling to component manufacture, parts repair and business aviation. Each addition to the cluster, including the welcome addition of Jetpower, further re-enforces Shannon as a centre of excellence in the aviation sector.”
“The announcement of 25 new jobs at the aircraft materials company’s new base in Shannon is also welcome news, adding to the 2,500 plus people employed in the 50 aviation companies in the aerospace cluster at the Shannon Free Zone,” he added.
Welcoming Jetpower to the 600-acre business park where almost 8000 people are employed in 160 companies, Ray O’Driscoll, Managing Director, Shannon Commercial Properties, said that aircraft materials companies remain a significant growth area in the aviation Industry. “We’re delighted to welcome a global company such as Jetpower as part of our growing aviation cluster at the International Aviation Services Centre (“IASC”). The company’s decision to locate here further confirms Shannon as a leading hub for the industry. Our flexibility is a big part of our success; in this case, Shannon Commercial Properties was able to offer Jetpower a property solution that matches their growth strategy,” he said.
Michele Viani, Head of Business Development for Jetpower commented: “We are very pleased to join Shannon’s aviation cluster. It is part of the Jetpower strategy to locate our operations in aviation hubs that match our customer locations and provide tremendous growth opportunities. Many of our leasing customers are located in Ireland and our new Shannon location amplifies the services and solutions that we can offer to them.”
Aaron Neff, Chief Executive Officer of the company commented: “It is a pleasure for us to be part of a cluster that we believe will contribute greatly to the global aviation environment. Aviation is a highly specialised industry sector, and while we are starting with four employees for 2017, we plan to build this to 25 employees by the end of 2019.”
Jetpower is an aircraft materials company that combines access to all major engine and airframe platform components with leading-edge solutions designed to greatly improve the efficiency and performance of their partner customers. Jetpower serves customers throughout Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Australia and North and South America through its locations in Chicago, Illinois, USA and Shannon, Ireland. http://www.jetpower.aero
To find out more about JetPower click here
To read more of our stories on Shannon click here | aerospace |
http://www.11alive.com/news/article/243894/166/F-16-intercepts-small-plane-in-Obamas-air-space | 2016-02-07T01:38:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148428.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00236-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.963548 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-07__0__32149207 | en | F-16 fighter jet (file photo)
LOS ANGELES -- An F-16 fighter has intercepted a small private plane that entered restricted air space for President Barack Obama's fundraising visit to Southern California.
North American Aerospace Command issued a statement saying the single-engine Cessna was intercepted shortly before 5 p.m. Wednesday.
Obama was at the Beverly Hilton at the time of the plane's interception, and was later taken to the Regent Beverly Wilshire to speak to gay and lesbian supporters.
The plane was intercepted northwest of Los Angeles and landed without incident at an airfield in Camarillo. | aerospace |
https://english.mathrubhumi.com/topics/Tag/SpaceX | 2022-01-16T10:06:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320299852.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220116093137-20220116123137-00008.warc.gz | 0.904756 | 128 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__126379110 | en | Cape Canaveral: A SpaceX rocket has carried four astronauts toward orbit, including ..
Cape Canaveral : Two NASA astronauts returned to Earth on Sunday in a dramatic, retro-style splashdown, their capsule parachuting into ..
Washington: A rocket ship built by Elon Musk's SpaceX company on Saturday successfully blasted off with two NASA astronauts into ..
Washington: A Falcon 9 rocket of the SpaceX aerospace company had a successful lift-off from the launch pad at California's Vandenberg ..
LOS ANGELES: After successfully delivering a U.S.-European ocean-monitoring satellite into orbit, a Space X rocket made a hard landing .. | aerospace |
https://coastalcourier.com/news/rare-aircraft-on-display-at-midcoast/ | 2023-10-04T10:01:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511364.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004084230-20231004114230-00228.warc.gz | 0.974027 | 233 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__145062742 | en | Locals of all ages got their kicks this weekend by soaring high over the roads and fields of Liberty County.
The MidCoast Regional Airport at Wright Army Airfield hosted
its first Aviation Day and had about two dozen aircraft on display,
including emergency, experimental, Department of Defense,
and a few other unique flight
devices. Crowds also gathered to see the unmanned helicopter known as the Boeing A160T Hummingbird.
“What’s really cool is that the hummingbird hasn’t ever been on public display before,” said Mark Davidson of MidCoast Airport.
Upping the ante, many visitors who viewed and inspected the brightly colored airplanes also took rides. The Experimental Aircraft Association, through their Young Eagles Program, helped some younger passengers experience their first flights.
One young aviation enthusiast, Kristy Williamson, watched as her father, who is about to deploy with the Army, logged a few more miles of instructing time. She was also preparing, with her sister and mom, to take a flight with him.
“He’s pretty good flyer,” she said. | aerospace |
https://ciresblogs.colorado.edu/alaska-unmanned-3/2016/10/20/beginning-to-feel-like-the-arctic/ | 2023-06-08T04:58:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654097.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608035801-20230608065801-00281.warc.gz | 0.966558 | 561 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__101541881 | en | When we first arrived at Oliktok a week and a half ago, it was strangely summer-like. No snow, no ice, just bare tundra. However, the last few days have dropped some snow, and last night as we were completing our last flights, things started cooling off. With the clouds disappearing and the sun only reaching very low angles in the sky, it doesn’t take much to let the temperatures plummet. This morning when we got in the truck to head to the AMF, the thermometer read near 10 F, and it finally felt like the Arctic! With the clear skies, we were treated to a beautiful sunrise and a big, though not quite full, moon. Once the skies were painted with an array of pastel colors, it was time to get the DataHawks and tethered balloon out and get to work!
In total, we completed seven flights, summing up to just over four hours of flight time! Many of these flights were focused on profiling the lower atmosphere to monitor the evolution of the stable lower atmosphere as the sun and some thin clouds interacted with it. These profiles give a great time series of the subtle changes that occur under these conditions. Additionally, they provide necessary context for the balloon measurements that were being made today – focused on turbulence and aerosol properties.
In addition, we completed another low over-water flight to monitor fluxes from the relatively warm surface (though there is more and more ice visible!) to the atmosphere. Repeating these flights under different atmospheric states and ice conditions should provide a really nice dataset for evaluating the lower atmosphere in an environment that is otherwise really difficult to sample. Larger aircraft don’t want to fly at 10-20 meters above the water surface, and it is challenging (and expensive) to put towers and/or ships in this broken ice environment. These DataHawks provide a very unique perspective in this regard. Additionally, we flew the camera-equipped DataHawk to get a perspective on things from above. All in all, a busy, busy day!
One other interesting thing to note – the clear skies and colder air seem to have spurred the wildlife into action. It’s been pretty quiet, generally, but today we saw tons of caribou, with many coming very close to our operations on the beach and runway. Additionally, we’ve seen seals out on the sea ice, some Arctic foxes, and some of the red foxes that also inhabit the area. It was nice to see all of the animals out in what otherwise is a pretty industrial and desolate landscape!
Tomorrow is supposed to be another good one for flights, so it’s time to rest up and prepare for another full day ahead! | aerospace |
https://www.neatorama.com/2019/09/06/Frustrated-Airline-Passenger-Flies-Jet-to-Destination-when-the-Pilot-Doesn-t-Show-up/ | 2023-02-09T03:24:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501066.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209014102-20230209044102-00236.warc.gz | 0.983176 | 174 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__46244081 | en | Michael Bradley was trying to get from Manchester to his vacation destination of Alicante, Spain. Alas, the pilot assigned to the flight was a no-show. So Bradley volunteered to fly the easyJet flight himself. This was something the airline would accept because Bradley is also a pilot for easyJet. The New York Post reports:
He said he was legally permitted to fly because he had the previous four days off and brought his license with him.
“I phoned up easyJet and said, ‘Hiya, I’m standing in the terminal doing nothing. I have got my license with me,'” Bradley told the outlet. “Thirty-eight seconds later they phoned me back and said, ‘Please, please, pretty please with a big cherry on top, can you fly the airplane to Alicante?'” | aerospace |
https://thefabtab.com/video/future-space-telescopes-that-will-blow-your-mind/ | 2023-06-07T19:25:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654012.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607175304-20230607205304-00533.warc.gz | 0.786682 | 392 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__158525984 | en | Future Space Telescopes That Will Blow Your Mind
Commercial Purposes ► [email protected]
Follow me in this video to get to know more about the future of space telescopes!
So, basically, a space telescope (or space observatory) is a telescope in outer space used to observe astronomical objects.
The first operational space telescopes were the American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (nicknamed Stargazer) launched in 1968, and the soviet Orion 1 ultraviolet telescope, in 1971, both optimized for the studying of ultraviolet light, not visible from the ground.
We can think of dividing space telescopes into two categories. Satellites map the entire sky, and satellites focus on selected astronomical objects or parts of the sky
“If You happen to see any content that is yours, and we didn’t give credit in the right manner please let us know at [email protected] and we will correct it immediately”
“Some of our visual content is under an Attribution-ShareAlike license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) in its different versions such as 1.0, 2.0, 3,0, and 4.0 – permitting commercial sharing with attribution given in each picture accordingly in the video.”
Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com
Credits: Nasa/Shutterstock/Storyblocks/Elon Musk/SpaceX/ESA/ESO/ Flickr
5:22 James webb
7:50 Plato telescope
Visit original source 🙂 | aerospace |
http://spacelawprobe.blogspot.com/2007/08/ | 2019-02-22T12:29:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247517815.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222114817-20190222140817-00266.warc.gz | 0.922886 | 4,103 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__52469095 | en | Call for Croatian Space Law
Along with the Croatian Minister of Science, Education and Sports, Dragan Primorac, participants included Greg Olsen, who along with cosmonauts and astronauts brought with them "a combined 415 days of space experience." Also on hand were future space travelers with either free dreams, or very expensive future flight tickets.
Why gather in Croatia? The organizers report, "Croatia, like many smaller countries, has never had one of its own citizens go into space. The country gained its independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991. While the Soviet Union had a program to launch representatives of Eastern Bloc countries, Yugoslavia was a non-aligned country and so did not participate in the program.
Despite this, or perhaps because of this, there is substantial interest in spaceflight in Croatia. Croatia is a prospective member of the European Union, and one of the topics of discussion was whether Croatia might join the European Space Agency in the future."
According to the press release, one "hot topic" at the summit was "the lack of spaceflight regulation in Croatia, which could open up commercial opportunities for future space tourism companies operating in Europe, including zero gravity flights."
Students (and possible future space lawyers?) Tonka Burić and Lucija Bojkic, "presented a case study that showed that it was possible under existing Croatian laws and airspace regulations to fly parabolic flights." I'd like to see that in English. (For now, the study, Studija Izvedivosti Svemirskog Turizma U Hrvatskoj is available in Croatian only.) Tonka said, "Starting parabolic flight in Croatia would expand Croatia's international reputation for tourism. The market is there. All that is required now is the will."
And Per Wimmer, described as Danish adventurer, financier, and lawyer with four masters degrees who "bought tickets to fly to space with two of the leading space tourism companies, Virgin Galactic and Space Adventures," spoke about cool spaceflight training at the Gagarin cosmonaut training facility outside of Moscow and high altitude MIG flights to 80,000 feet. Not bad for a lawyer.
Wimmer "also described the international legal framework of space activities. He argued that the patchwork of treaties and agreements, including the Outer Space treaty ratified only a few years after the launch of Sputnik, must be expanded and that mechanisms for enforcement must be re-thought."
A video archive of the event is expected.
Meanwhile, best of luck to Croatia on its space tourism dreams. As to regular, on- ground tourism, the US State Department reports "Croatia's economy turned the corner in 2000 as tourism rebounded" and continued growth is expected. And according to a comment on travel site Lonely Planet, "It’s hard to imagine that Croatia was part of a deadly civil war because today the Adriatic Coast is possibly the most peaceful place on earth (aside from the annual Teutonic invasion, but the biggest danger there is skimpy bathing suits)."
Not so skimpy spacesuits next?
* * *
IMAGE: Tonka and Lucija talk about the future. And here's another picture from the symposium -- lawyer and future space traveler Pim Wimmer with the Croatian Minister of Science.
Still no comment
Meanwhile, in a surprise development, the Florida attorney representing the accused is not a space lawyer.
And another thing. As I've said from the start, I do not believe a word of those silly allegations about drunk astronauts. For those awaiting substantiation of said reports, be advised: it is likely not forthcoming. But I do trust this very serious podcast about a chimp landing the shuttle because the astronauts were at least smart and sober enough to realize Pajamas the chimp could do a better job since he was "not full of schnapps." (The Onion). See? Some astronauts actually deserve our admiration and respect after all.
Five Flybys - 8.27.07
Did I say five? No, I meant six:
This one doesn't count:
And a bonus item:
One extra bonus:
And just ignore this altogether:
OK, that's enough.
Congratulations, XCOR Rockets on making Inc.'s 5000 Fastest Growing Private Companies in America. ;)
Let the inevitable countdown to the end of summer begin.
* * *
IMAGE: Via NASA's Eclipse Home Page: "Path of the Moon through Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows during the Total Lunar Eclipse of Aug. 28, 2007. (Pacific Daylight Time)"
FAA seeks space safety report
By way of background, under a provision of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004, FAA must submit a report analyzing safety issues related to launching humans into space to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the House of Representatives Committee on Science by December 23, 2008 (which is 4 years from the day of CSLAA's enactment).
(The Offer-SIR is set-aside exclusively for non-profits, as required under CSLAA.)
It's a very interesting contract. Here's FAA's description of the work:
The report will analyze and make recommendations about—
(1) the standards of safety and concepts of operation that should guide the regulation of human space flight and whether the standard of safety should vary by class or type of vehicle, the purpose of flight, or other considerations;
(2) the effectiveness of the commercial licensing and permitting regime under chapter 701 of title 49, United States Code, particularly in ensuring the safety of the public and of crew and space flight participants during launch, in-space transit,
orbit, and reentry, and whether any changes are needed to that chapter;
(3) whether there is a need for commercial ground operations for commercial space flight, including provision of launch support, launch and reentry control, mission control, range operations, and communications and telemetry operations through all phases of flight, and if such operations developed, whether and how they should be regulated;
(4) whether expendable and reusable launch and reentry vehicles should be regulated differently from each other, and whether either of those vehicles should be regulated differently when carrying human beings;
(5) Whether the Federal Government should separate the promotion of human space flight from the regulation of such activity;
(6) How third parties could be used to evaluate the qualification and acceptance of new human space flight vehicles prior to their operation;
(7) How nongovernment experts could participate more fully in setting standards and developing regulations concerning human space flight safety; and
(8) Whether the Federal Government should regulate the extent of foreign ownership or control of human space flight companies operating or incorporated in the United States.
The government estimates this work will take approximately 2,300 person hours.
Interested? Submit your proposal by September 6, 2007.
(The final report is due on Sept. 23, 2008.)
Space at the Princeton Club
Among many noteworthy panels, Del Smith of Jones Day, the firm that hosted ISIS last year, will be heading up the day's "signature session," the analyst's panel, which can be expected to cover lots of hot topics including satellite industry consolidation, investment in the VSAT sector, satellite TV, cable's VoIP, the telcos fiber rollout (don't ask me -- all I know about fiber appears on the back of a cereal box), digital video technologies, mobile broadcasting and more.
Be there. And be prepared to network, New Yawk style.
Very cool space law job
Really, I almost applied myself; however director Joanne Gabrynowicz confirmed that counsel hired would work on campus and couldn't telecommute from NYC. Oh well. Now I'm tempted to move. You will be too, if you're the smart, talented, lovable lawyer the National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law might hire as its new research counsel. I'm jealous. ;)
Research Counsel - Position Announcement
THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF LAW is seeking a Research Counsel for the National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law (Center). The Center provides informational resources on the legal aspects of human activities using aerospace technologies. It conducts legal research on all aspects of remote sensing, space, aviation, and related technologies. The Center's Director is an internationally recognized expert in the field. The Center publishes the world renowned, 30 year old Journal of Space Law and conducts professional development and educational outreach activities including international conferences and seminars on campus, at distant locations, and via the Internet.
This is a professional nonsupervisory position in which the incumbent assists the Director in the publication of the Journal of Space Law and the design and administration of grant projects within the legal field. Incumbent performs and/or supervises heavy editing for the Journal of Space Law. Incumbent designs, coordinates and directs legal research efforts. Incumbent publishes and presents findings on such research; oversees the work of research staff. Incumbent gives presentations and consults with colleagues. Reports to the Director.
Applicants must have some knowledge of remote sensing, space, and/or aviation activities; a J.D. degree from an ABA accredited law school; and, must be able to obtain admission to practice law within the first 12 months of employment. The successful applicant must be able to work productively with individuals from all disciplines and across institutions as well as with other not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. Some local, national and/or international travel may be required from time to time. The successful applicant will also be an innovative, enthusiastic, and creative self-starter with excellent communication and people skills.
Work performed includes, but is not limited to: establishing, supervising, and following through on Journal of Space Law publication schedules; designing, directing and conducting legal efforts; assigning research projects, and following through on publication progress; providing training in research methods; submitting articles to law review and journal editorial boards; responding to requests for information from editors regarding articles; drafting memoranda, reports, and articles outlining results of research publishing and/or presenting research results; researching and preparing briefs of law on specific legal issues requested by local, state, and federal agencies; ranking projects in accordance with grant proposals and public interest; assigning portions of research to other unit members and researchers; representing the Center at meetings; serving as liaison between the Center and other University departments; planning, coordinating, and conducting presentations and/or training seminars regarding legal issues; performing personnel functions including, but not limited to hiring, training, and assisting research staff; supervising and overseeing the work of researchers; performing related or similar duties as required or assigned.
For more information and to apply, go online to jobs.olemiss.edu. Interested persons should submit resume/vitae, reference, and writing sample. The University of Mississippi is an EEO/AA/Title VI/Title IX/Section 504/ADA/ADEA employer.
Summer Journal of Space Law
This latest volume, another eclectic and scholarly compilation, brings together writings covering hot topics in space law including tourism, treaty law, national security policy, remote sensing and digital data, ASAT testing, emerging national legislation, ITAR, and lots more. As always, I can't post the whole thing, just the tantalizing table of contents. But to order your Journal, send a note to [email protected], call 1.662.915.6857 or zip a fax to 1.662.915.6921.
And if you're not a JSL subscriber, subscribe now!
Meanwhile, the question I keep asking: when will the esteemed Journal be available online, already?? (You know, Lexis, Westlaw, the Web??) Well, this is the century. Guaranteed. It's coming.
University of Mississippi School of Law
A journal devoted to space law and the legal problems arising
out of human activities in outer space.
Volume 33 Summer 2007 Number 1
C O N T E N T S
Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz
Call for Papers
The Evolution of U. S. National Security Space Policy and its Legal Foundations in the 20th Century
R. Cargill Hall
What is “Informed Consent” for Space-Flight Participants in the Soon-To-Launch Space Tourism Industry?
A review of the Space Development Promotion Act of the Republic of Korea
China's ASAT Test: A Demonstrated Need for Legal Reform
Certification of Digital Data: The Earth Resources Observation and Science Data Center Project
Ronald J. Rychlak, Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz, & Rick Crowsey
The Effect of the Liability Convention on National Space Legislation
International and U.S. National Laws Affecting Commercial Space Tourism: How ITAR Tips the Balance Struck Between International Law and the CSLAA
Charles W. Stotler
European Cooperating State Agreement between the European Space Agency and the Government of the Republic of Poland
Space Law and Relevant Publications
Macey L. Edmondson
Law Review Articles
Constellation and the environment
I personally breezed through the document initially this afternoon (no I didn't), and will read it more thoroughly tonight (no I won't), and perhaps take a second look on the beach tomorrow (sure thing). You enjoy it too. Refreshing. Harry Potter it ain't.
And if that's not enough to satisfy your NEPA jones -- and what is? -- here is the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (Pub. L. 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347, January 1, 1970, as amended by Pub. L. 94-52, July 3, 1975, Pub. L. 94-83, August 9, 1975, and Pub. L. 97-258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982); and this is NASA's Overview of the National Environmental Policy Act.
(I note that the purposes of NEPA are: "To declare a national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment; to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural resources important to the Nation...." Sec. 2 [42 USC § 4321]. Yes, the "environment" under NEPA is that of Earth; no mention in the Act of the environment of our Moon, Mars or any place else in the solar 'hood.)
Now if you'll excuse me, I will attempt to read the EIS, which really is quite fascinating (and no piece of moon pie to put together), but wanted to share the link here before I finished the whole thing (sometime after Labor Day) (maybe).
(By the way, for gentle visitors from other worlds who don't know that the "Constellation Program encompasses NASA's efforts to extend the human presence throughout the Solar System as the President outlined in his Vision for Space Exploration," look here.)
* * *
Things are more like they are now than they ever were before.
--Dwight D. Eisenhower
Friday Flybys - 8.10.07
Have a fine summer weekend. Think like an ancient astronomer and behold the Perseids!
Ex astris, scientia! ;)
* * *
IMAGE: That's right, if you're in Northern Hemisphere -- but not in or near my 'hood in Manhattan (or any urban, light-polluted analog thereof) -- you get to check out the coolest sky show of the summer, the Perseids, peaking Aug. 13th. This stunning photo, copyright Wally Pacholka, captures a Perseid fireball over Joshua Tree National Park, California in 1999.
And now for something completely different
For the blog record, that's right, these things are not space law:
Parking space law is not space law.
* * *
Defensible space law is not space law.
* * *
Open space law is not space law.
Thank you. And now, back to our regularly scheduled blogging.
More space law summer reading
By way of background, as we know:
"The Annals of Air and Space Law is a journal produced and published by the Institute and Centre of Air and Space Law, Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Established in 1976, the Annals is devoted to fostering the free exchange of ideas and information pertaining to the law applicable to aerospace activities.
The Annals has been publishing original articles, drafted in English or French, covering the entire spectrum of domestic and international air law and the law of space applications. The contributors are academics and leading practitioners from all parts of the world.
This hardcover publication has become a standard source of reference in the fields of air and space law and will be found in most academic libraries, government and airline offices and specialized law offices.
The Annals are distributed in over one hundred countries worldwide."
Merci and tres cool. And here is the 139-page Annals Comprehensive Index (1982-2007), so you can find articles by keyword, topic and order back issues.
(So is there too much air and not enough space in the Annals? Depends who you ask. It's actually a good mix. But let's just say, this blog is not Air and Space Law Probe. Is it?)
FAA on Mojave accident
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) office in charge of licensing private space flight operators, including New Mexico-based Virgin Galactic, is treating the test stand mishap as an industrial accident, leaving the ongoing investigation to Scaled Composites and California's workplace safety authorities. Patricia Grace Smith, the FAA's associate administrator for commercial space transportation told Space News July 31 in a statement that the director of the Mojave Air and Spaceport where the incident occurred and the California [Occupational Safety and Health Administration] officials called in to investigate "indicate this was an industrial accident, a fuel-flow test gone terribly wrong." The incident did not involve any activities regulated by the FAA, according to Smith.Of course as SpaceShipTwo development goes forward FAA/AST not California safety regulators will determine any extent to which investigation findings may factor into launch licensing for Scaled Composites.
"It was not a launch accident. It was not a flight accident. It was not directly related to vehicle performance or passenger involvement," she said. (Brian Berger, Space News)
No surprise here either: Space News also reported Smith attended a meeting requested by staff of chairman James L. Oberstar's House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee "to discuss the accident." Her office "would not comment on the meeting."
ESP in Belgium
Thanks to Batist Paklons for sending this over.
(Unrelated parenthetical note: Batist also shared with me a nice juicy "Zombie" recipe which may contain a bit of um, alcohol, thus I will keep it to myself after the recent shall we call it astro-drinking scandal which I don't believe a word of. In any case I already posted a cocktail recipe this summer and one is my limit. Blog responsibly ;)
Heh. (Via NASA Watch)
Well. My opinion of ITAR has not changed. However I'll never look at Saturn V memorabilia in quite the same way again....
(Hmm. I think it was Wernher von Braun, "Moon rocket" developer himself, who said something like, "We can lick gravity, but sometimes the export controls are overwhelming." ;)
* * *
IMAGE: Shh... look fast. Saturn V schematic courtesy of NASA History Division, Office of External Relations. | aerospace |
https://raeslhr.wordpress.com/2016/11/20/dec2016-lecturenews/ | 2018-06-24T04:51:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866358.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624044127-20180624064127-00396.warc.gz | 0.928217 | 448 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__19234289 | en | The Royal Aeronautical Society Heathrow Branch announces the upcoming branch lecture on Thursday, 08th December 2016, 18:00 hours at Waterside Theatre, British Airways Waterside Headquarters, Harmondsworth UB7 0GA. The lecture is titled – The Development of Aircraft Simulation – An Essential Part of Training and Aircraft Design, and will be given by Captain Hugh Dibley, a renown Commercial Airline Pilot, Instructor and Consultant and a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society Flight Simulation Specialist Group and the Council.
In the December lecture, Captain Hugh Dibley will present the developments of aircraft simulation as an essential part of training and even aircraft design. He will describe the operational capabilities of the latest visual and motion systems, which are today being applied not only to aircraft simulators but to ground vehicles, naval and space ship simulators.
Captain Dibley will use current examples of the technologies involved in delivering high quality FSTD training. Aircraft and their environment are growing ever more complex and the technologies used to simulate them and provide training are constantly evolving. Simulation offers a safe environment for practising system failures, abnormal weather, traffic and terrain avoidance, and virtual operation at any airfield in the world.
Captain Dibley will also talk about the Airbus ‘iron bird’ systems integration and test bench and show a video of the first flight of the A380, ‘Reality on 27 April 2005’, where virtual becomes reality as the simulation is put onto the aircraft itself to carry out the validation and integration of the systems at aircraft level. His talk will conclude with a section on Space Flight Tourism Simulation where prospective passengers can experience up to 4G during acceleration and deceleration prior to their space flight!
For more information about this and future lectures, or if you would like to register for this event, visit our event site – ★REGISTER NOW★ @tiny.cc/RAeSLHR.
★★Please note that for security reasons, you MUST register in advance for our lectures ★★
For those who are presuming the Engineering Council registration, after attending this event, CPD certificates of attendance will be endorsed for CEng, IEng or EngTech registration. | aerospace |
https://www.mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/article/22054798/boeing-barges-into-aircraft-seat-business-in-threat-to-suppliers | 2024-03-01T03:34:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474948.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301030138-20240301060138-00049.warc.gz | 0.948353 | 856 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__173245489 | en | Fed up with delays that have plagued production of luxurious jetliner cabins, Boeing Co. is forming its own company with a major seat supplier to the auto industry.
The joint venture with Adient Plc will be based near Frankfurt, Germany, along with a technology center and an initial production plant, the companies said in a statement Tuesday. It will market seats to airlines and leasing companies that are ordering new planes and retrofitting older ones.
The strategy furthers Boeing’s foray into so-called vertical integration as Chief Executive Officer Dennis Muilenburg seeks to bring more work back in-house. That’s a reversal of the global outsourcing that dominated strategy at the Chicago-based planemaker a decade ago, when the company was building the first 787 Dreamliner.
Boeing said the Adient Aerospace venture was prompted by seat production foul-ups and a capacity crunch that have delayed jet deliveries and frustrated airlines. United Continental Holding Inc.’s premium Polaris seats were slow to make their debut on the Boeing 777-300ER last year when Zodiac Aerospace fell behind schedule.
“Seats have been a persistent challenge for our customers, the industry and Boeing, and we are taking action to help address constraints in the market,” Kevin Schemm, a Boeing senior vice president of supply chain management, finance and business operations, said in the statement.
Boeing, the biggest gainer last year and so far this year on the Dow Jones Industrial Average, fell less than 1% to $333.76 after the close of regular trading in New York. Adient tumbled 5.1% to $78 after the company said in a regulatory filing that first-quarter results would be hurt by hurdles in its seat structures and mechanisms business.
The move risks adding tension to the sometimes fraught relationships between Boeing and some of its largest suppliers. Safran SA, which makes engines for Boeing’s 737 Max through a joint venture with General Electric Co., is taking over Zodiac.
Rockwell Collins Inc., a long-time supplier of radio and flight displays to Boeing, last year bought B/E Aerospace Inc., the largest cabin-equipment supplier. United Technologies Corp. later struck a deal to acquire Rockwell, a deal aimed at gaining bargaining clout with Boeing and rival Airbus SE.
Adient, a titan in the $70 billion automotive-seating business, has been hinting at a closer relationship with Boeing since the companies announced a collaboration last March. Boeing Vice Chairman Ray Conner, a former chief of its commercial airplane division, is on Adient’s board. The Plymouth, Mich.-based company was spun off from Johnson Controls International Plc in 2016.
With 230 plants worldwide, Adient sees itself as a potential “disruptor” in the aircraft seating realm, Mark Oswald, vice president of investor relations, said at a conference in September. “The customers aren’t excited about the current supply base,” he said. When Adient was approached, a board member “was very influential” in spurring it to look at the opportunity, he said.
The two companies, in particular, are eyeing complex, lie-flat seats that can cost as much as a Ferrari. “The front-of-a-plane business, full-flat business class is kind of our initial entree,” Adient Chief Executive Officer Bruce McDonald said at a conference in August.
Adient is the majority owner of the venture with a 50.01% stake to Boeing’s 49.99% share. The company’s initial customer-service center will be in Seattle, where Boeing already has a hub catering to airlines shopping for cabin fittings. Spare parts for the seats will be sold through Boeing’s Aviall subsidiary.
By sourcing its own seats along with other aircraft components, Boeing gains greater control over quality, intellectual property and high-margin aftermarket sales -- the main source of profit for aerospace suppliers. The company has expanded its reach into avionics, additive manufacturing, actuators and engine covers known as nacelles.
By Julie Johnsson | aerospace |
https://forums.theregister.com/user/65328/ | 2021-06-21T14:34:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488273983.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210621120456-20210621150456-00133.warc.gz | 0.955495 | 158 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__1188399 | en | Ignoring the kill mechanism any KE system has to get to the targets before they get into a fatal (kill zone PK > whatever dependent on cost and availability) capacity. Historically this is remarkably difficult; targets are usually much bigger than interceptors and have more cost price vulnerability, Consider 1 hummer + a system capable of intercepting 20 drones (unlikely from the model shown) at 75%. That leaves 5 drones free to play.
And 20 drones probably cost much less than the defensive kit which is now useless. Usually air defence systems work on two factors; planes and training cost much more than missiles, and bods become somewhat constrained in their actions if they think they are going to get twatted.
Neither of these factors apply to drones.
So the equation changes again. | aerospace |
https://www.casefun.co.uk/tag/handheld/ | 2023-12-01T09:50:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100286.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201084429-20231201114429-00357.warc.gz | 0.885405 | 607 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__269763941 | en | A Lenovo Legion Go is perfect for PC gaming on-the-go, but for something a bit more conspicuous, you’ll want the F2 Gaming Emulation Handheld. Aside from looking like a diecast toy car, it features a 3.0-inch IPS LCD screen and has a 1,800mAh battery, which is definitely good enough for all-day gaming on a single charge.
Since the F2 isn’t as powerful as the Analogue Pocket, it is not compatible with original game cartridges nor can the console emulate more modern systems like the PSP, SEGA Dreamcast, or GameCube. Fortunately, the F2 has TV output so you’ll be able to game on a larger screen, rather than deal with its tiny 3.0-inch screen. Still interested? You can get one for $41.93 shipped for Cyber Monday here.
When it comes to cars, video games or geek culture, Bill is an expert of those and more. If not writing, Bill can be found traveling the world.
Photo credit: ESA–A. Romeo Astronauts recently put the ESA’s Handheld Universal Lunar Camera (HULC) to the test in the lunar-like landscapes of Lanzarote, Spain, as part of the PANGAEA training program. The latter aims to prepare astronauts to become effective field scientists for future missions to the lunar surface, including NASA’s Artemis III, which will land on the South Pole of the Moon.
During the Apollo 11 mission, astronauts captured images of the Moon with a standalone, mechanical Hasselblad camera sporting a Harrison Schmidt 60 mm lens. A total of four Hasselblad cameras used by the astronauts collected 1407 photos of the Moon. This updated version keeps the same core of the camera, but adds an updated interface and housing. A prototype is set to fly to the International Space Station for additional testing in the near future.
LEGO Creator Expert NASA Apollo 11 Lunar Lander 10266 Model Building Kit with Astronaut Minifigures,…
Detailed Lunar Replica – Features a detailed Eagle lunar lander replica with lunar surface, crater, footprints, and U.S. flag for a realistic space…
Realistic Modular Model – This modular set includes a descent stage with gold-colored landing pads, panels, opening camera, laser hatches, and movable…
Ascent Stage Interior – The ascent stage boasts a detailed interior with room for 2 astronaut minifigures, finished with an Apollo 11 Lunar Lander…
Adding the Moon camera allowed the crew to have a realistic taste of lunar surface exploration. It was a great enhancement of their experience, something we’d be happy to repeat in future editions,” said Loredana Bessone, PANGAEA’s Project Lead.
A technology, gadget and video game enthusiast that loves covering the latest industry news. Favorite trade show? Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. | aerospace |
https://dailytimes.com.pk/326415/paf-to-showcase-ingenuously-manufactured-equipment-at-ideas-2018/ | 2020-05-27T09:40:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347392142.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200527075559-20200527105559-00413.warc.gz | 0.959299 | 225 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__205685162 | en | This year PAF is participating in the mega event with locally made state-of-the-art military hardware, including Air Defense Command & Control Centers & integrated simulators. Manufactured by the personnel of PAF, these simulators are being used by PAF to modernize its operational training environment. Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra would also setup their stall at the venue along with a static display of JF-17 Thunder and Super Mushshak aircraft. To add more color to this event, PAF aircraft would perform aerobatics display at Seaview Karachi. Besides JF-17 Thunder and F-16 fighter aircraft, Sherdil aerobatics team would also present a scintillating aerial display on the 3rd day of the exhibition. On the same day a seminar on Self-Reliance through Research Innovation and Development would be conducted under the auspices of Training Branch of PAF.Hundreds of firms from various countries would exhibit their products in one of the largest Defense Exhibition in the region. High ranking delegations and services chiefs from friendly countries would attend the much-awaited exhibition. | aerospace |
https://www.webnewswire.com/2021/07/26/hong-kong-appointments-to-aviation-development-and-three-runway-system-advisory-committee/ | 2023-01-28T12:25:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00776.warc.gz | 0.91311 | 840 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__108795330 | en | Appointments to Aviation Development and Three-runway System Advisory Committee
The Government today (July 26) announced the appointment of eight new members and the re-appointment of 11 incumbent members to the Aviation Development and Three‑runway System Advisory Committee (ADTAC) for two years with effect from August 1, 2021.
The eight new members are Mr Aaron Chan Wing-kai, Dr Angus Cheung Him-wah, Mr Herbert Chia Pun-kok, Ms Mary Huen Wai-yi, Professor Lo Hong-kam, Professor Becky Loo Pui-ying, Dr Derrick Pang Yat-bond, and Dr William Yu Yuen-ping.
The 11 re-appointed incumbent members are Mr Chan Chi-chiu, Ms Christina Chong Dong-ying, Ms Fung Sau-yim, Mr Alex Koo Pok-sing, Mr Samuel Lau Kin-pui, Mr Edward Liu, Dr Pang Yiu-kai, Mr Augustus Tang Kin-wing, Mr Wong Man-hang, Mr Brian Wu Pak-hei, and Dr Frederick Yip Yeung-fai.
The Secretary of Transport and Housing, Mr Frank Chan Fan, said, “While the COVID‑19 pandemic has brought about a significant impact on the global aviation industry, I am confident that the industry and air traffic will gradually recover after the pandemic. I look forward to the Advisory Committee’s continued wise counsel on the development of the aviation industry in the coming term, which will witness the commissioning of the third runway of Hong Kong International Airport, a highlight of the Three-Runway System project that affirms Hong Kong’s status as an international aviation hub.
“I would also like to thank the 11 outgoing members, namely Dr Moses Cheng Mo-chi, Professor Edwin Cheng Tai-chiu, Ms Chiang Lai-yuen, Professor Michael Fung Ka-yiu, Mr Thomas Ho Kwok-kwan, Mr Edward Ho Man-tat, Dr Hung Wing-tat, Ms Julia Lau Man-kwan, Professor Joseph Lee Hun-wei, Mr Andrew Leung Chi-kwan, and Mr Brian David Li Man-bun, for their support and contributions to the work of the Advisory Committee during their tenure,” Mr Chan added.
Members of the ADTAC come from various sectors including aviation, engineering, architecture, academics and research, business and finance, logistics and transport, tourism and hotels, environment, and legal.
The membership of the ADTAC with effect from August 1, 2021, is as follows:
Secretary for Transport and Housing
Mr Chan Chi-chiu
Mr Aaron Chan Wing-kai
Dr Angus Cheung Him-wah
Mr Herbert Chia Pun-kok
Ms Christina Chong Dong-ying
Ms Fung Sau-yim
Ms Mary Huen Wai-yi
Mr Alex Koo Pok-sing
Mr Samuel Lau Kin-pui
Mr Edward Liu
Professor Lo Hong-kam
Professor Becky Loo Pui-ying
Dr Derrick Pang Yat-bond
Dr Pang Yiu-kai
Mr Augustus Tang Kin-wing
Mr Wong Man-hang
Mr Brian Wu Pak-hei
Dr Frederick Yip Yeung-fai
Dr William Yu Yuen-ping
Permanent Secretary for Transport and Housing (Transport) (ex-officio)
Chief Executive Officer, Airport Authority Hong Kong (ex-officio)
Executive Director, Hong Kong Trade Development Council (ex-officio)
Director-General of Civil Aviation (ex-officio)
Chaired by the Secretary of Transport and Housing, the ADTAC was established in 2015. A total of five meetings were held in the past two-year term, providing a platform for members to advise the Government on broad policy matters concerning the development of the aviation industry and the implementation of the Three-Runway System at Hong Kong International Airport. | aerospace |
https://whitehouser.com/white-houser-insights-from-an-astronauts-year-in-space-and-readjusting-to-earth-life/ | 2024-02-25T09:07:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00338.warc.gz | 0.935746 | 573 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__44661700 | en | Title: Astronauts Make Breakthrough in Combating Bone Loss during Space Missions
Subtitle: Long-duration space travel could become less risky thanks to a new approach
Date: [Insert Date]
Byline: [Your Name]
In a major breakthrough after 23 years of space exploration, astronauts have finally discovered a solution to combat the alarming loss of bone density experienced in space. As revealed by researchers, astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their bone density due to the absence of everyday stresses like standing and walking. However, a promising solution has emerged: consistent resistance training.
One of the prime examples of this innovative approach is astronaut Frank Rubio, who has successfully minimized bone density loss during his space missions. Unlike his colleagues on six-month missions, Rubio has managed to retain a higher bone density percentage, thanks to his unwavering dedication to exercise routines. His remarkable progress has opened up new possibilities for future long-duration space missions.
The implications of Rubio’s success in combating bone loss are extensive. Currently, astronauts participating in long-duration space missions risk suffering from a significant decline in bone density, which can lead to various health problems, including an increased susceptibility to fractures. As scientists plan future missions to Mars and further into the solar system, addressing this issue becomes even more critical.
Scientists and experts are now considering the potential impact of Rubio’s exercise regimen on future space explorations. If astronauts can significantly minimize bone density loss during extended missions, the feasibility and safety of long-duration space travel could be enhanced. The implications go beyond the realm of scientific research; they extend to the very foundations of human space exploration and colonization of other celestial bodies.
Rubio’s findings also shed light on the importance of exercise and resistance training in maintaining overall health in space. Apart from bone density, prolonged stays in zero-gravity environments can lead to muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and even compromised immune systems. By highlighting the positive effects of resistance training, Rubio has provided valuable insights into counteracting these challenges, which will undoubtedly shape future strategies for well-being during space missions.
The next steps involve further research and experimentation to refine and optimize exercise protocols. With Rubio’s success as a starting point, the scientific community is eager to explore and develop practical solutions that can be universally applied to address bone density loss during prolonged space missions.
In conclusion, the breakthrough discovery of combating bone density loss in space has the potential to revolutionize the future of long-duration space travel. Astronaut Frank Rubio’s remarkable journey, continuously defying the odds, is not only an inspiration for his fellow astronauts but also an important milestone in human space exploration. As scientists work tirelessly to improve health outcomes for astronauts, the dream of venturing into deep space becomes ever more feasible and exciting. | aerospace |
http://www.firstshowing.net/2010/timur-bekmambetov-behind-creepy-new-sci-fi-film-apollo-18/ | 2017-04-24T13:28:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119361.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00503-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.957711 | 306 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__38522239 | en | Timur Bekmambetov Behind Secret New Sci-Fi Project 'Apollo 18'
I love surprises like this. Apparently there's a creepy found-footage sci-fi thriller called Apollo 18 that hits theaters in March 2011. Deadline says the film recently sold to The Weinstein Company, but it may already be in production and finished filming. Behind it is Wanted director Timur Bekmambetov, who presented purported footage shot by the crew of Apollo 18 to the Weinsteins, who financed the feature. That Apollo 18 moon mission from the 70s was officially canceled by NASA, but according to an urban legend, it actually happened. Timur's footage shows signs of alien life, and the mission is crafted into a found-footage thriller.
Deadline goes on to explain that there was a big bidding war last night at AFM for Apollo 18, which is being directed by newcomer Trevor Caewood from a script by Brian Miller. We might see the poster this weekend, but apparently it is aiming to hit theaters on March 4th next spring. This is a very slick concept, I just hope it delivers on the thrills and is not just an "our gauges keep showing the wrong values" kind of space drama. I'm sure even J.J. Abrams will be impressed if they can kick off a viral and start marketing this almost as a real occurrence and get a big audience built by March. I hope we see that happen - we'll keep you updated! | aerospace |
https://www.oceanie-prospective.com/post/80-years-later-why-does-humanity-always-look-in-space-20-07-2049 | 2023-10-03T03:42:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511053.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003024646-20231003054646-00036.warc.gz | 0.972493 | 648 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__195552863 | en | Exactly 80 years ago today, man was walking on the moon for the first time. On this very specific day, we became a multiplanet species. Out of our primary physical condition and less subject to the constraints of our natural environment, Humanity took the initiative to fly out of its original world and to explore beyond what had never been possible.
As we celebrate these 80 years, a lot has been said about the past eighty years that have passed.
Indeed, after this impressive success which, more than the success of a country or a community, was indeed the success of the whole humanity, the space conquest eventually went to a rough stop. Of course, technical missions have continued (mainly through probes and other robots) but without a real project to transport humans from our planet.
For decades, most certainly related to the economic and social situation of our planet, we continued to look at the stars but we stopped focusing our energy on their exploration.
Then, in the 2020s, finally, Humanity rested the question: what if we went to visit elsewhere? Operated by companies created at the time such as SpaceX, Blue Origin or RocketLab that have facilitated the development of less expensive solutions, more flexible and therefore more adapted to the context of the moment, new spacecrafts were designed with the end goal of starting to explore again.
The ambitions of some of these entrepreneurs, including the best known and most visible of them, Elon Musk, have finally succeeded in reviving human space exploration projects.
In 2034, finally, the first manned mission to Mars took off from the surface of the Earth.
At that time, as still today and as in the early days of space exploration, many people were asking themselves and always wonders about the usefulness of such an approach. Between issues related to spiritual, religious, philosophical beliefs, critical approaches due to economic or environmental questions ... many reproaches could be made to this industry and this vast project, often presented as ambitious, presumptuous or even related to primal instincts of competition.
However, we often forget that projects related to space exploration have often been linked to the discovery of technologies that are concretely useful for those who have remained on Earth: the evolution of medicine, technologies related to energy and transport ... The conquest of Space brings us much more than the answer to a "kid's dream" and the positive impacts on our daily lives are easily assessable.
Beyond that, it will be useful to emphasize that, like many technological innovations, the space conquest was at the start strongly linked to the armaments industry and the military ambitions of many States. But the privatization movement of the space conquest, as initiated at the end of 2010, completely separated the space industry from the military world eventually. Better yet, this ambitious conquest has since been brought closer to environmental issues related to climate change and has thus been able to draw the attention of the general public to the urgency of the situation.
Reduced to having to change planet, Humanity began to understand the importance of individual actions and commitments!
While the first human mission is about to return from our red neighbor, it is more than necessary to remember that it is by targeting the stars that we will reach the moon! | aerospace |
http://www.eham.net/ehamforum/smf/index.php?topic=79351.msg558791 | 2017-03-30T11:14:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218193716.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212953-00403-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.907569 | 152 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__129716544 | en | >> ... AO-27 ...
Because of the satellite's limited power budget and a desire to maintain sufficient battery capacity for as many years as possible, the amateur transmitter on AO-27 is on for only part of the daylight portion of each orbit. As of September 1998, the satellite passed its five year design goal with minimal signs of battery degradation, so this operating philosophy appears to have been successful.
AO-27 is available on daylight passes over the Northern Hemisphere.
The 0.2 second tone bursts use to contain the stations' position, course, speed and brief status.
... SO-50 ...
A little finicky to work. NOT a constant-carrier satellite ... Keep tracking and listening - you'll work it!. | aerospace |
http://insidegnss.com/industryview?page=5 | 2017-03-28T17:43:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189802.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00321-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.947666 | 851 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__81492183 | en | October 11, 2016
L-3 Communications has announced that its next-generation military code (M-Code) GPS user equipment completed the final step in a government security certification process.
The development and certification of this technology was performed under the Air Force military GPS user equipment (MGUE) program, led by the Space and Missile Systems Center's (SMC) GPS Directorate at Los Angeles Air Force Base.
New Builds • October 11, 2016
Updated: San Francisco, California–based Swift Navigation has announced its newest product, the Piksi Multi, a multi-band, multi-constellation, real-time kinematic–capable OEM GNSS receiver module with a unit price of $600.
New Builds • October 10, 2016
Thalwil, Switzerland-based u-blox has announced that Nikken Lease is
Nikken Lease offers customers in Japan the GNSS-enabled Transeeker
New Builds • October 7, 2016
Trimble has released the SX10 scanning total station that merges high-speed 3D scanning, imaging technology, and total station measurements for surveyors, the company said.
"This is the top one or two [products] we have launched in the 20 years I've been here," said Ron Bisio, Trimble geospatial division vice president, at a media day in Westminster, Colorado, October 5.
October 5, 2016
Trimble has announced that has formally changed its company name from Trimble Navigation Limited to Trimble Inc. In a further action, the company has completed its reincorporation from the State of California to the State of Delaware.
October 5, 2016
The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has selected NovAtel's GPS anti-jam technology (GAJT) for controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) capability at Defense Department Information Network (DoDIN) sites, the company said.
The U.S. Navy has ordered more than 600 NovAtel GAJT antennas, which work with civil and military receivers, the company said.
September 23, 2016
Inside Unmanned Systems and microdrones will host a free web seminar, “Part 107 Rule: Impact on Key Application Segments in the Commercial Drone Market,” on Wednesday, September 28, 2016 at noon EDT.
The initial discussion will focus on the implications of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 107 rule on unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for mapping, surveying, and inspection applications, but anyone interested in using drones for commercial purposes is welcome to participate.
New Builds • September 22, 2016
NovAtel Inc. has introduced its new VEXXIS series of GNSS antennas as well as two new inertial measurement unit (IMU) products for its SPAN technology portfolio.
The VEXXIS series includes two lines of multi-constellation and multi-frequency antennas, the new GNSS-800 series and the GNSS-500 series, introduced earlier this year.
People • September 22, 2016
Technology Advancement Group (TAG) has named John Borden as its new executive vice-president and chief operating officer (COO). Borden previously was product director, GNSS systems and vice-president, programs and technology, for the company.
Borden, who oversees TAG’s day-to-day operations, joined the company when it was awarded a U.S. Army contract to provide program of record (POR) precise positioning service — GPS survey (PPS GPS-S).
Events • September 22, 2016
SYNTONY has been awarded a major contract by ONEWEB Company for the delivery of more than 15 GNSS Simulators.
ONEWEB is an Arlington, Virginia–based company that says it is building the largest satellite constellation ever to create a satellite-based Internet gateway, with 900 satellite launched. In that frame, SYNTONY will deliver his new released CONSTELLATOR product, capable of hardware-in-the-loop testing for low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite trajectories. | aerospace |
https://hobbymodels.com/products/italeri-aircraft-1-72-messerschmitt-me210a1-fighter-kit | 2023-12-09T12:30:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100909.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209103523-20231209133523-00803.warc.gz | 0.968728 | 152 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__137204397 | en | Italeri Aircraft 1/72 Messerschmitt Me210A1 Fighter Kit
This Product Usually Ships In 2-3 Business DaysITA-77
Towards the end of the thirties this impressive twin-engine plane was developed by the German aviation industry. It was the basic idea to support and later substitute the heavy fighter Bf-110. The ME-210 frequently had problems when landing, causing a lot of serious accidents. The plane was also under-powered which led to many shortcomings. These defects limited the life span of this aircraft considerably. Despite of a series of modifications (which culminated in its successor, the ME-410) the plane terminated service as a reconnaissance plane, but well before the end of the war. | aerospace |
https://xfly.ee/careers/foo/ | 2022-08-13T09:42:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00239.warc.gz | 0.909834 | 407 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__180703737 | en | Flight Operations Officer
Xfly is looking for a Flight Operations Officer to support the Flight Operations department.
- Very good level of English, both spoken and written in combination with good communications skills
- Must be able to work a flexible, rotating schedule including nights and weekends 24/365
- ICAO Doc 7192-AN/857 or ICAO Doc 10106 compliant dispatch training or previous dispatch, pilot, or ATC background. Applicants not meeting this requirement could go under full dispatcher training by Xfly and its partners
- A clean criminal record is required, a person may go under background check
- Eligible to live and work in the EU
- Monitor and maintain daily flight schedule
- Provide daily operational control and flight watch over company fleet
- Take operational decisions based on factors like weather, ATS SLOTs, passenger – and crew flows
- Coordinate actions with different departments within the company (crew control, maintenance control etc.) and external partners
- Prepare flight documentation (FPL, OFP, W&B and performance calculations)
- Arrange flights on ad-hoc bases (ground handling, fuel, SLOTs)
- Coordinate irregularity handling and initiate emergency response
- Monitor and take actions when needed to ensure that all Xfly fleet operations are completed in accordance with all safety requirements and regulations in a most effective and timely manner.
- Previous experience in Flight Operation is not necessary but is considered as an advantage
- An excellent opportunity to become a part of the professionals in your field
- Exciting and responsible job in a multicultural company
- Attractive rates for worldwide private travel with our partner airlines
- Private healthcare package provided by the Company
- Opportunity to leave your footprint in the development of the company
Please send your CV to [email protected] with the subject “Flight Operations Officer” by 31.08.2022. | aerospace |
https://planetobserver.com/category/partners1/ | 2021-02-28T13:34:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178360853.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20210228115201-20210228145201-00636.warc.gz | 0.755973 | 80 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__130900099 | en | - PlanetObserver and Kalisio enter into a strategic partnership in the field of mapping platform
- Microsoft AI for Earth uses PlanetDEM Geospatial Data
- What are the benefits of medium resolution satellite imagery mosaics in GIS solutions?
- Satellite imagery and moving maps, key elements in Inflight Entertainment solutions
- How satellite imagery and elevation data are successfully used in 3D animations | aerospace |
https://michaelkorsoutlet--2013.com/a-potentially-dangerous-asteroid-bigger-than-the-empire-state-building-will-pass-earth/ | 2022-05-24T00:18:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662562106.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523224456-20220524014456-00455.warc.gz | 0.953008 | 388 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__205902515 | en | A ‘potentially dangerous’ asteroid bigger than the Empire State Building will pass Earth
(WJW) – An asteroid that is more than twice the height of the Empire State Building is expected to pass Earth next week.
The asteroid, which Nasa calls (7842) 1994 PC1, was first discovered in 1994. According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, it measures about 3,280 feet in diameter and travels at 43,754 miles per hour.
As long as it is close to Earth, it will pass safely even if Nasa classifies the asteroid as “potentially dangerous”.
Potentially hazardous asteroids are defined as being larger than about 460 feet in size with orbits that bring them within 4.6 million miles of Earth’s orbit around the sun, according to NASA.
According to Earthsky.org, this asteroid will pass about 1.2 million kilometers from Earth. That means skywatchers may be able to see it with a small telescope. The closest approach will be at 4:51 p.m. on January 18.
The asteroid won’t be as close to Earth for at least 200 years.
Asteroids are small rocky objects from the formation of the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. They orbit the sun and live mainly in the asteroid belt, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are made up of different types of rock, and no two are alike.
In July, an asteroid called “2008Go20” passed Earth at 18,000 miles per hour. This asteroid was about the size of a stadium or three times the size of the Taj Mahal.
In March, the asteroid Apophis, roughly the size of three football fields, passed close to Earth at about 10.4 million kilometers, nearly 44 times farther than the moon.
Suggest a correction | aerospace |
https://rescommunis.wordpress.com/2010/11/08/space-data-to-revolutionise-environmental-management-in-wales/ | 2017-04-30T14:54:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125654.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00445-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.918873 | 214 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__283780757 | en | Space data to revolutionise environmental management in WalesNovember 8, 2010 at 8:55 am | Posted in Aerospace Law Interfaces | Leave a comment
by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty
Source – UK Space Agency:
Space data to revolutionise environmental management in Wales
This week the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) announced a new project which will use Earth Observation data to classify all of Wales’ wildlife habitats, from grassland and woodland to coastal heath, upland bogs and moors. In the past this painstaking exercise has been carried out by teams of biologists on foot but the use of satellites will revolutionise this process, delivering improved information at a fraction of the time and cost of using old methods.
The UK Space Agency together with CCW supported early, underpinning research work. The successful conclusion of this work has meant that CCW can now operationally and routinely use satellite data to monitor their environment. This pioneering approach has attracted much attention and is being considered for implementation at European-wide level. | aerospace |
https://henshiyong.com/liju/aircrafts_135052_en.html | 2021-06-18T21:52:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487641593.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618200114-20210618230114-00090.warc.gz | 0.671556 | 708 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__11603507 | en | We encountered four enemy aircrafts.
He has a natural curiosity about aircrafts.
Algorithm for Omnidirectional IR Radiation of jet Aircrafts
Several aircrafts were intercepted and brought down.
The fighter accounted for four of the enemy aircrafts.
Optimal Fire Distribution Strategy of Escort fighter Aircrafts in Air Combat
It is reported that more key mechanisms of 23 Airbus aircrafts will be shipped to the port with up to
Thrust vectoring jet flow interferes the flow over aircrafts, drives its aerodynamic load to vary, and
Adaptive neural Network Formation Flight Control Design for Two Aircrafts
Now our aircrafts need a long runway to take off and land.
The development of jet fuel for carrier aircrafts in China
With the development of anti-aircraft missile, survival of aircrafts has been seriously challenged, TRAD
Multidisciplinary design optimization methods for aircrafts under large-scale system theory
They have placed an order with us for three new aircrafts.
Both wings of the aircrafts were ripped off in the crash.
Distributed Model predictive Control with Communication Complete Failure for Multi-aircrafts Formation
During the parade , jet aircrafts were arranged for the first time for review.
first we assigned the runway, then we used the improved moving method to remove the conflict between aircrafts
Primary study on command & control system for aerial combat of carrier - based aircrafts
Aircrafts will be dangerous if burned aircraft components can not be detected accurately.
Air China 's Boeing aircrafts prepare for take off at the Beijing Capital International airport.
The safety of general aviation aircrafts is of great importance to the development of general aviation
It is quickly expanding its aircraft numbers, and plans to add 12 new aircrafts this year.
Compared with jet planes and propeller-driven aircrafts, the radar echoes of helicopters have different
The emulation for dynamic infrared images of aircrafts is studied in this paper.
The airspace is an active area of aircrafts and important resource of a nation.
China's independent titanium alloy windshields found in aircrafts used to be large and complicated.
By chance three aircrafts had crossed the sky and Watt's special transmitter had found them.
Handover of aircrafts should be done only by coordination ( via private chat ) with other ATC.
The product is used for the anti-burst oil tank of automobiles, ships and aircrafts.
have plenty of experience and capabilities in the designing, manufacturing and supplying of the EPP aircrafts
Research on Tactical Decision of Multi-groups Aircrafts Coordinated Air Battle under Command of AWACS
I don't like the noise of these jet aircrafts, but I've learnt to live with it.
Out of the three experimental Hyper-X aircrafts built for NASA, only one is now left.
stable standard frequency sources, crystal oscillators are widely used on different kinds of high-speed aircrafts
You can get from London to New York in no time by one of these jet aircrafts.
The merits and deficiencies of the logarithm model in air combat capability assessment of fighter aircrafts
Meanwhile, allied air forces were harrying the enemy Communication s and aircrafts in Southern Italy,
That night there remained in France of the Royal Air Force only 206 serviceable aircrafts out of 474.
processing and displaying data have been discussed in details according to the features of pilotless aircrafts | aerospace |
https://www.newsfolo.com/world/trump-to-nominate-new-nasa-chief-next-week/33338/ | 2023-09-30T23:41:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510730.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930213821-20231001003821-00303.warc.gz | 0.950408 | 205 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__275227027 | en | US President Donald Trump is expected to nominate House Representative Jim Bridenstine as NASA’s new administrator as soon as September 5, the media reported.
“Several space industry sources, speaking on background, said they anticipated a formal nomination of Bridenstine to run the space agency on September 5, the day after the Labor Day holiday,” said spacenews.com — an American news site covering the space industry — on Friday, Xinhua reported.
“That schedule could slip, though, depending on other events and general uncertainty about the timing of administration decisions.”
The website said Bridenstine has been active on space issues in Congress and was also a staunch supporter of Trump’s candidacy in the general election.
The Oklahoma Congressman has called for a human return to the Moon before NASA embarks upon a mission to Mars.
Currently, NASA is led by acting administrator, Robert Lightfoot, who has been in that position for more than seven months. | aerospace |
https://legacyaviationgroup.com/services | 2019-10-22T20:03:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987823061.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022182744-20191022210244-00181.warc.gz | 0.934927 | 295 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__51356044 | en | Legacy understands that the primary drivers for private aviation are maximizing time and control. Business leaders and Ultra-High Net Worth private travels need to get the most out of every minute and have the ability to control the their travel schedule as simply and efficiently as possible.
Legacy’s world-class concierge program coupled with the power of the Nomad Hill travel platform allow clients to effect changes to their complex travel itineraries (aircraft schedule, hotel bookings, ground transportation services, VIP arrangements) all though a single point of reference affording even the most exacting client the power to control their schedule and react to opportunity in today’s fast-paced global environment.
Only the Best
ABOUT LEGACY AVIATION GROUP
Legacy Aviation Group offers its clients exacting standards in both private aviation and precious metals transport. We are the only private aviation company in the world that has its own in-house security division.
Legacy Aviation Group has developed one of the most comprehensive Flight Card Programs in the industry, allowing our clients unmatched accessibility to a multitude of new aircraft. We are dedicated to providing you with flexibility and enjoy private jet travel without the additional fees and burdens found with our competitor card programs.
Aircraft safety is always our primary focus and never sacrificed. All aircraft maintain the highest rankings on all 12 ARG/US Platinum safety-rating categories. We believe that safety is primordial in the business jet travel industry. | aerospace |
https://keypennews.org/stories/vaughn-students-fly-at-the-museum,177 | 2023-06-05T03:11:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650620.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605021141-20230605051141-00784.warc.gz | 0.961747 | 635 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__34137481 | en | A whole bunch of Vaughn Elementary School fifth grade would-be-astronauts recently went on a mind-boggling visit to the Museum of Flight at Boeing Field in Seattle. The place is constantly adding new, fascinating features.
Right off, the kids were settled into the program that started out in “Mission Control,” where they received very serious briefings from museum educator Jim Moore. In another room “aboard a shuttle craft in outer space,” others went on a “mission” fraught with almost all the tenseness of a real space adventure. The two groups were routinely and professionally in real time radio and video contact with one another as the “shuttle hurtled though space.”
“It was fun in the space shuttle,” said Selina Alexandre. “I was on the data team. Our navigation team discovered a comet and named it ‘comet lightning.’”
“The comet rendezvous was very exciting,” to Faith Johnson who “will definitely consider a job for NASA’s probe team.” “If you do not read directions correctly it can throw a task completely off course, and communicating clearly and effectively is very important,” she said.
Then, without warning, mission control notified space ship personnel they were losing their oxygen supply at an alarming rate. All personnel, aloft and in mission control, experienced an immediate, palpable increase in adrenalin flow. From the several stations at control and aboard the shuttle, the students went through the exercise with astonishing, yet wide-eyed and scared, professionalism.
“We had 45 seconds left when we sent our final message. It was pretty scary,” said Mariah Roberts. Thereafter, having averted disaster, all shuttle personnel survived what could have been a devastatingly tragic mission failure and made it back via “air locks and alternate transport” to join their “relieved” cheering chums in mission control. Following a no-nonsense critique of the mission, attended by several accompanying adults, the group had brown-bag lunch seated on the floor in the Old Red Barn, the original site of what ultimately became the world famous Boeing Aircraft Co.
They had a hands-on look at all sorts of aircraft, toured the museum area with historic aircraft suspended overhead, climbed into the cockpit of a vintage “bird” and brought an exhilarating day to an altogether too brief hands-on-thejoystick ride in flight simulators in which our kids learned that flying can be fun but very demanding and, sometimes, deadly.
Melissa Blackburn summed up the day’s experiences perfectly: “The Flight Museum is amazing! I want to encourage everyone to go there. Learning was the best part.”
UNDERWRITTEN BY NEWSMATCH/MIAMI FOUNDATION, THE ANGEL GUILD, ROTARY CLUB OF GIG HARBOR, ADVERTISERS, DONORS AND PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT LOCAL, INDEPENDENT NONPROFIT NEWS | aerospace |
https://www.dailypost.co.uk/business/business-news/airbus-a319-celebrates-20th-anniversary-9930148 | 2022-05-20T00:26:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662530553.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519235259-20220520025259-00634.warc.gz | 0.965636 | 366 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__69819981 | en | The Airbus A319 celebrates its 20th anniversary this week.
The aircraft, which took its maiden flight on August 25, 1995, is one of the most popular planes used by budget airlines and there are currently 1,450 in operation across the world.
The A319 is part of Airbus’ best-selling A320 family of aircraft and it has a shorter fuselage than the A320 and A321, but is longer than the A318.
The aircraft jetted off for the first time from Hamburg, Germany, at 1.33pm with the flight lasting three hours and 50 minutes.
It was captained by Udo Günzel, Airbus Industrie test pilot and chief pilot of the Hamburg facility.
The other members of the crew were Claude Lelaie, vice-president flight division, flight test engineers Fernando Alonso and Manfred Birnfield as well as flight engineer Gérard Desbois.
Following the maiden flight Captain Günzel said: “The A319 behaved perfectly on its first flight and confirmed the high standard of Airbus Industrie technology.
“We all felt very familiar and comfortable flying it, due to its extensive commonality and similarity with the other members of the family.”
A standard A319 has 124 seats, however the plane manufacturer today also offers an option of up to 156 – a version that is being ordered by an increasing number of low-cost airlines.
In the UK, the A319 along with others in the A320 family forms the backbone of European fleets with the two main UK carriers being EasyJet with 149 and British Airways with 44.
The wings for all Airbus planes including the A319 are made at Broughton, which is one of North Wales biggest employers with 5,000 working there. | aerospace |
https://www.viiisquadron.co.uk/history/1972-1991 | 2021-04-16T01:46:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038088471.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416012946-20210416042946-00475.warc.gz | 0.97846 | 3,319 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__253074667 | en | Airborne Early Warning
The Shackleton Years 1972-1991
The Importance of Airborne Early Warning
With the planned scrapping of HMS Ark Royal, the Royal Navy’s last conventional aircraft carrier, the RN was worried that their task groups would loose their airborne early warning capability. This had been achieved by using the Fairey Gannet, fitted with the AN/APS 20 radar.
The solution to this problem was to fit the Gannet’s radar to a long-range land based aircraft until a more modern system could be designed. The Nimrod MR1 had recently entered service with the RAF and this had released Shackleton airframes to be fitted with the Gannet radar.
Still Displaying Fighter Flashes! (8 Sqn)
As a result, 8 Squadron reformed at RAF Kinloss on 1 Jan 1972 and were equipped with the ‘new’ Shackleton AEW Mk 2. Navy Gannets continued to operate from Lossiemouth, which was 15 miles from Kinloss. No 8 Squadron moved to join them once the runways and taxiways at Lossiemouth had been strengthened.
Increasing the radar horizon was also the aim of the United Kingdom’s ground based radar air defence sites and it was found that the Shackleton could help to cover the areas of sea to the North and East of the British Isles. Therefore the MOD decided to procure a modern AEW aircraft to carry out both Naval and UK air defence roles.
The aircraft chosen for these tasks was the Nimrod AEW Mk3. The old Shackletons with their even older radar sets would have to provide radar cover until the new aircraft was delivered, this was planned to happen in the early 1980s.
Originally equipped with eleven Shackleton aircraft and eleven crews, No 8 Squadron was halved in size in the John Nott defence cuts of 1981. (The Squadron found out by watching the BBC evening news). Squadron strength was reduced to six crews with six aircraft. These aircraft served until July 1991 when they were replaced by the E-3D Sentry aircraft which had been bought following the Nimrod AEW Mk3 debacle.
What is Airborne Early Warning?
Radar waves, like light, travel in straight lines. Therefore, a radar set at ground level can only detect low level targets out to the horizon. To increase the range of the radar horizon, radar antennae were fitted to the top of ships masts using the same principle as the lookout in the crow’s nest:
The radar horizon from the top of a ship’s mast is about 25 miles. However, if you build a mast up to 30,000 feet high then the radar horizon is pushed out to 220 miles. Building a mast this high is not practical but you can put the radar into an aircraft to achieve the height!
The other advantage of fitting the radar to an aircraft is that you gain mobility and can quickly position your radar up threat for even more early warning.
The first AEW was carried out by the US Navy in the Pacific at the end of WWII. It was used by the Americans to give early warning of kamikaze attacks against their aircraft carriers.
The AN/APS 20 radar was developed during this period and first flew in a Grumman Avenger in 1946. This is the same radar set that was used in the Shackleton AEW until 1991!
The Aircraft and the Mission
The Shackleton AEW Mk2
The Shackleton Mk2 was originally designed for maritime patrol and anti-submarine operations. Powered by four Rolls Royce Griffon engines, the Shackleton was the last in the line of AVRO heavy bombers, started by the Lancaster, and carried on by the Lincoln. The Mk2 Shackleton had been replaced by the Mk3 in the maritime role because it was considered too noisy and uncomfortable, the Mk3 had a tri-cycle undercarriage, the fuselage was increased in all main dimensions and it had new wings with better ailerons and tip tanks. Its maximum weight rose by over 30000lb and it therefore required the assistance of 2 additional viper jet engines to take-off. Unfortunately, the Mk3 suffered from high fatigue and so the older Mk2 was chosen to carry the AN/APS 20(F) AEW radar.
The Shackleton could stay airborne for about 12 hours with its fuel load of 3,284 gallons of 120 octane petrol. It would operate at an altitude between 2,000 and 7,000 feet, any higher would put too much noise from sea returns into the radar. The aircraft would normally fly at 160kts, although Friday night cruise could give a speed up to 180 kts! The AEW Shackleton carried a crew of 9, originally 2 Pilots, Air Engineer, 2 Navigators (one running the radios) and 4 mission crew. After 1981, the radio navigator was replaced by an additional mission crew member.
The mission crew comprising of Tactical Coordinator (TACO), Controller, and 2 Operators would man the 3 x 7″ radar scopes. The off duty operator would provide frequent hot drinks and food from the small galley in the rear of the aircraft. The 5th mission crew manned the radios when extra mission crew personnel replaced the second navigator in 1981.
Shackleton AEW Tasks
|Shackleton AEW Mk2, WL741
Most of 8 Sqn’s Shackletons were named after characters from the TV programme The Magic Roundabout.
The remainder, as with this aircraft, came from The Herbs.
The task of an AEW aircraft is to Detect, Direct and Report. The Shackleton crew operator would detect and report the position of radar contacts by voice radio to ground radar sites and ships. This procedure is called Voice Tell.
Once a hostile aircraft was detected, the Controller would direct friendly fighter aircraft onto the target. Fighter control was practised with F4 and Lightning fighters over the North Sea, working with the Sector Operations Centres (SOC) at Buchan, Boulmer and Neatishead. Student controllers could call on the services of 100 Sqn flying Canberras who would act as both fighters and targets for training. (These practise intercepts are still used to train controllers and fighter aircrew today although the aircraft types have changed.
As well as having the ability to detect aircraft, the Shackleton radar could also detect ships. Therefore the crews had the capability of carrying out raids on hostile shipping by controlling attacking aircraft. Many an hour was spent, acting as orange forces directing attacks by 12 and 208 Sqn Buccaneers (also based at Lossiemouth), against NATO Navies being exercised around the British coast.
Secondary tasks also helped to give variety to flying. The Shackleton carried search and rescue equipment in its bomb bay, and Lindholm dinghy drop procedures were regularly practised. The Shackleton was also extensively used to simulate a defecting hostile aeroplane for Taceval and other station exercises in both the UK and abroad.
In a similar vein, 8 Squadron was regularly invited to participate in exercises with the USAF Forces in Keflavic, Iceland, where we would act as a target for F-4Es (Exercise Fan Angel). Spoofing, and communications jamming was employed by the mission crew, and on one memorable occasion, the Shackleton TACO convinced two F4s that he was the real controller. On pulling them on to one of our discrete frequencies he split the aircraft into cloud, moved them around on fictitious contacts for ten minutes, and finally talked the wingman into shooting down his leader.
Operating the Shackleton
|The Business End
Radar Consoles in the AEW Mk2
The radar screens of the AN/APS 20 radar were small 7″ cathode ray tubes and needed total darkness to see the small radar echoes of aircraft. The radar screen had no afterglow and so all contacts on the scope were marked with a white china-graph pencil. If, on the next radar scan, the contact moved from under the china-graph mark, then it was redrawn. After a minute or so, moving contacts would have a small data trail of china-graph dots, static contacts would not. Unfortunately, breaking waves also gave returns and these obscured the picture close to the Shackleton.
The Shackleton radar had a theoretical max range of up to 200 miles, although detection ranges for smaller aircraft were much less. If you could detect an F4 at 80 miles on 2 scans out of 6 then you were doing well! Often contacts had to be plotted using dead reckoning for several scans until they were regained.
The Shackleton radar operators would spend hours peering into the small set, armed with their china-graph pencils and report the moving contacts to ground sites. The addition of an IFF interrogator to the radar set gave the operator assistance because it gave a small eyebrow behind the radar response. However, the method of decoding these responses was slow and made identification difficult.
The Shackleton also carried the Orange Harvest radar warning receiver (RWR). This could give the bearing of any radars which illuminated the Shackleton; the display was a 3″ cathode ray tube above the C operator’s position. The receiver for Orange Harvest looked like a giant spark plug and sat on top of the fuselage.
Life in the Shackleton
Although the Shackleton is often remembered with affection, life in the aircraft could be down right uncomfortable. The aircraft was noisy very noisy and after a long sortie a crew- members ears would ring for many hours after the engines had been switched off. The majority of those who flew the Shackleton are permanently high tone deaf as a result.
The aircraft was un-pressurised and flew over the hostile waters of the North Sea. Therefore, it was COLD. The crew wore a fleece bunny suit underneath a heavy waterproof immersion suit, which was sealed at the neck and wrists by rubber. Fitted rubber socks were worn inside flying boots.
The Shackleton was heated by petrol heaters, using aircraft fuel to warm air inside the cabin. Unfortunately they were not very efficient and so the engineer ran them on full. One of the heater outlets was by the feet of the radar operator in the A seat. He would suffer the indignity of having very warm legs, which caused him to sweat into his waterproof suit, while the rest of his body was cold. It was not a comfortable existence.
Another indignity was suffered by the TACO who sat at the middle console (B position). His seat was not placed directly behind his radar tube because of the position of the port emergency escape hatch and the proximity of the aircraft’s wing spar. The result was that the poor TACO had to lean to one side, this was uncomfortable, especially when wearing a heavy life jacket and even more so when a flying helmet was worn. To cure this problem, the TACO would sit on the right hand edge of his seat, which consisted of a metal rim holding the usually comfortable leather seat. The result was a pressure line giving TACO’s bum, which was also uncomfortable.
Long sorties meant that the crew had to be fed and watered. The off duty operator would provide a continuous supply of tea and coffee, and a good operator could cook decent food for the crew in the small galley. Breakfast, (cooked from scratch in the small oven) consisting of bacon, sausage, egg, mushrooms, tomatoes and beans, could be served to the whole crew only 30 minutes after takeoff by a well-organised chef. One of the Shackleton specialities was Honkers Stew. There is no recipe for this dish, it consists of everything that is left (including Mars Bars) thrown into a pan and warmed through.
Quick Reaction Alert (QRA)
For the greater part of its operation life, the Shackleton AEW operated through the cold war era. The aim of UK Air Defence during that time was to maintain the integrity of the UK air defence area, which surrounded the UK and extended north towards Iceland beyond the Faroe islands and towards Norway. Any Soviet aircraft entering this area had to be intercepted by UK fighters, and fighter squadrons took turns to hold Northern and Southern QRA. Tanker forces also held alert to support the fighters, and if needed, a Shackleton was also on call.
The 12 crews of 8 Sqn held a 2 hour alert, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Once Soviet aircraft had been detected heading into the North Atlantic by Norwegian air defence sites, it was usual for the Duty Controller at RAF Strike Command to scramble the Shackleton to cover the Iceland-Faroe’s gap.
It could take up to 3 hours for the Shackleton to reach its barrier position and wait for the fighter scramble to take place. Often, the intruders would turn back before reaching UK airspace, but occasionally they would enter our airspace.
The Shackleton operator would report the intruders via HF radio to one of the air defence stations, Saxa Vord, Polestar (on the Faroe Islands) Benbecula or Buchan. The controller would take control of the fighters and tanker and vector them towards the intruders. There was nothing more satisfying than to successfully prosecute a gaggle of Soviet Bear aircraft with a pair of Lightning fighters!
Following the reduction of crews in the John Nott defence cuts of 1981, QRA became a Monday to Friday task with no replacement crew for the rest of the day once launch had taken place. QRA ceased at 1700 on the Friday and at 1701 it was common for a Shackleton crew to hit the Squadron beer call. One Duty Controller at Strike Command tried to scramble a Shackleton crew at 1710 on Friday. He was nine minutes and fifty seconds too late.
|Being The Enemy
A Shackleton being escorted while acting as an intruder during a Taceval. Note the day-glow star next to the rear door!
Throughout the Cold War Era, NATO needed to be always ready to counter any attack by the Soviet Union. NATO commanders tested units’ readiness to repel the Soviet Hordes by means of the Tactical Evaluation or Taceval.
As well as having to be ready for Lossiemouth’s own taceval, 8 Sqn used to help the evaluators by simulating a defecting Soviet aircraft. The Sqn was lucky enough to posses a couple of fluent Russian speakers, and they would be on board when the Shackleton would turn up unannounced at an airfield and request permission to land. Once landed, the crew would negotiate their defection and treatment in return for information about the aircraft.
One of the crew members would be injured and his treatment was often a bargaining tool. The make up of these injuries added to our entertainment, a string of sausages once used to protrude from a gaping stomach wound. At one period in its history the Sqn was fortunate enough to have as one of its members an AEO who had an artificial leg. He would loosen this leg and be the casualty. During one exercise at an USAF base in Europe, he was dumped at the Shackleton door and the Americans were told that we would surrender once our injured colleague had received medical treatment. A US guard picked the AEO up to put him on a stretcher and his leg came off in his hands. He did not see the funny side. It was not unusual for some of the crew who did not wish to surrender to try and escape the cordon and cause havoc around the airfield. One Navigator once used a bicycle! All in all, it was a fun task, especially because it was often the only means of escaping Lossiemouth for a couple of days. Exercises in Germany were very popular and often gave rise to an extended stay. One crew spent three days in the Holiday Inn at Baden Baden courtesy of a double brake sack leak after an exercise at the Canadian base at Sollingen in West Germany. | aerospace |
http://flightriot.com/forums/forum/user-groups-2/ | 2017-06-25T03:42:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320395.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625032210-20170625052210-00544.warc.gz | 0.894726 | 83 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__167566150 | en | Flight Riot Fixed Wing
This group is intended to facilitate discussions of fixed wing mapping platforms, sensors, configuration, and maximizing each. Let's get some conversation going to help each of us get the most out of our UAV mapping projects.
- 2 years, 7 months ago
- Flight Riot Fixed Wing
Oh bother! No topics were found here!
You must be logged in to create new topics. | aerospace |
https://mineralnews.ir/category/%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1/ | 2021-04-20T07:00:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039379601.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420060507-20210420090507-00539.warc.gz | 0.967597 | 153 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__125223552 | en | The SpaceX capsule sits aboard a recovery ship in the Gulf of Mexico. NASA/Screenshot by NPR
NASA/Screenshot by NPR
Two NASA astronauts are back on Earth after their space capsule splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Pensacola, Fla.
The last time any NASA astronauts came home by splashing down was in 1975 — and back then, they were in an Apollo space vehicle. This time, the astronauts were in a white, bell-shaped capsule owned by SpaceX.
The success of their test flight, to the International Space Station and back, is a milestone for SpaceX, the first private company to send people to the outpost.
The company has been taking cargo to and from the station for years...Read More | aerospace |
http://www.jypbmy.co/antonov-225-landing/ | 2021-03-05T19:08:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178373241.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210305183324-20210305213324-00346.warc.gz | 0.813862 | 3,420 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__115891168 | en | The Antonov AN-225 is the biggest airplane in the world. Mriya’s wingspan measures 290 feet, that’s longer than five semi-truck trailers set end-to-end. Only one An-225 was ever built by the Kiev
Dolhov said Antonov An-225 was powered by six engines with a wingspan of 88m and 32 tyres in its landing gear. Designed by Antonov in late 1980s, it is the longest and heaviest airplane ever built. — BERNAMA
The Antonov An-225 Mriya, meaning “dream” in Ukrainian, landed at Perth at around 11.30am local time after a long journey from central Europe. As these exclusive pictures by Brisbane-based
The Antonov An-225 is available for the transportation of heavy freight both on its back and internally. The Antonov An-225 is an adaptation of earlier Antonov aircraft, with a longer fuselage, two more engines and a 32 wheel heavy duty landing gear. The aircraft
21/8/2015 · Antonov An-225 Landing at St.Maarten
World’s biggest plane Antonov An-225 Mriya lands in Hyderabad The world’s biggest cargo aircraft Antonov An-225 Mriya made its first landing in India today at the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport here en route to Perth, Australia.
A multiview of the An-225. The An-225 is an extension of Antonov’s earlier An-124.To meet the needs of its new role, fuselage barrel extensions were added fore and aft of the wings, which received root extensions. Two more Lotarev D-18 turbofan engines were added to the new wing roots, bringing the total to six, and an increased-capacity landing gear system with 32 wheels was designed.
OTD in 1988: Antonov An-225 Mriya lifts off for the first time Currently the largest commercial aircraft in the world, the Antonov An-255 took off for the first time on this day, December 21, exactly 31 years ago, in 1988. After a lot of resistance from the local
On Sunday, May 15, 2016, just before 12:00 P.M. local time, the Antonov An-225 Mriya landed in Australia. It was the first time it had come to Australia and aviation enthusiasts gathered in the tens of thousands to see its historic touchdown. The world’s largest
De Antonov An-225 「Mrija」 (Oekraïens: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія) (NAVO-codenaam: Cossack) is een vrachtvliegtuig, ontworpen in de Oekraïense SSR door het ontwerpbureau Antonov. Het is het grootste vliegtuig ooit gebouwd, gemeten naar maximumgewicht bij het opstijgen. Het vliegtuig, ontworpen om de Boeran, de Russische tegenhanger van
After a few months rest, the Antonov An-225 is ready to get back to work. Test Flight The An-225 was recently fitted with ADS-B underwent maintenance and Antonov carried out a test flight to make sure everything was working properly.
World’s largest cargo aircraft Antonov An-225 arrived at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Shamshabad (Hyderabad) . (Source: ANI) The world’s largest cargo aircraft, Antonov AN -225 Mriya — or the Dream, made its first landing in India at the Rajiv
The Antonov AN-225 “Mriya” is the largest airplane in the world.Mriya (dream or inspiration) is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft that was designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Soviet Union in the 1980s.It is powered by six turbofan engines and is
Officially designated as the Antonov An-225, the plane was developed in the 1980s to carry the Soviet version To carry all that weight Mriya has 32 wheels spread across its oversized landing
The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225 v1.0.1 / 01 dec 02 / greg goebel / public domain * The Soviet Union had a certain admiration for the virtue of sheer impressive size, and this bias was reflected in aircraft design. The most spectacular examples are three
Antonov An-225 Mriya (bahasa Ukraina: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія) merupakan pesawat terbesar di dunia yang dibuat oleh Perusahaan Antonov. Nama belakang pesawat ini Мрія (Mriya) yang dalam bahasa Ukraina berarti Mimpi atau Inspirasi. Dahulu pesawat ini digunakan untuk mengangkut pesawat ulang alik Buran menggantikan Myasishchev VM-T
10/10/2015 · Airbus is a division of Airbus Group SE that manufactures civil aircraft. It is based in Blagnac, France, a suburb of Toulouse, with production and manufacturing facilities mainly in France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The Airbus A380 is a double-deck
The Antonov An-225, initially developed for the task of transporting the Buran spaceplane, was an enlargement of the successful Antonov An-124.The first and only An-225 was completed in 1988. After successfully fulfilling its Soviet military missions,
Antonov An-225 「Mriya」 is the world’s largest aircraft. When it was built, it surpassed any airliner built before by 50%. It was designed for the transportation of the Russian Space Shuttle 「Buran」 by the Antonov Design Bureau (HQ in Kiev, Ukraine), which already
Antonov AN-225 Mriya The largest aircraft in the world, landing in Perth airport for the first time. Video is shaky as i was standing in a tree and trying to balance. Antonov An 225 in Perth, Western Australia, 15 May 2016 World’s biggest plane, the Antonov An-225 in
Antonov’s particular expertise is in the fields of very large aeroplanes and aeroplanes using unprepared runways. Antonov (model prefix 「An-「) has built a total of approximately 22,000 aircraft, and thousands of its planes are currently operating in the former Soviet .
ANTONOV An-225 Mriya Description The Antonov An-225 Mriya (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія, NATO reporting name: 『Cossack』) is a strategic airlift transport aircraft built by the Antonov Design Bureau, USSR. It is the world’s largest fixed-wing aircraft. The
Antonov 225 『Mriya』 Largest Airplane in the World Apr 15 2011 The Antonov An-225 Mriya is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft, designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the 1980s. It is the world’s heaviest aircraft. The design, built in order to transport the
此頁面最後編輯於 2014年11月22日 (星期六) 17:48。 檔案基於在它們的描述頁面裡所指定的授權條款可用。所有來自檔案以及屬性命名空間的結構化資料受基於 可用，所有非結構化文字基於創用 CC 姓名標示-相同方式分享授權條款可用，並可能適用其他附加條款。
17/6/2016 · Antonov AN-225 landing on Schiphol 26 December 2007Need new shirts ? http://ahshirts.comNeed new clothes ? http://ahshirts.com
Antonov An-225 Mriya Antonov An-225 Mriya first flew on 21 December 1988, operating a flight of 74 minutes departing from Kiev. The aircraft was exposed to the ground at the Paris Air Show on 1989 and flew to the Farnborough air show on 1990.
Antonov An-225 offload cargo (Antonov 225 卸貨影片) 張貼者： 2010年8月3日 上午10:53 Jui Che Liu How an Antonov An-225 Mriya offload cargo!
23/7/2015 · The biggest airplane in the world Antonov An-225 Mriya landing in Riga, Latvia
The Antonov An-225 was designed to airlift the Energia rocket’s boosters and the Buran orbiter for the Soviet space program. It was developed as a replacement for the Myasishchev VM-T. The An-225’s original mission and objectives are almost identical
The An-225 is the longest and heaviest plane ever built, and powered by six turbofan engines. Its landing gear system has 32 wheels, and the plane is equipped with a twin tail design. It also has the largest wing span of any plane in operational service
Pages Media Art Aviation my Life Videos RARE! #Antonov 225 #Takeoff and #Landing #scenes #worlds #LARGEST #Antonov #Takeoff #Landing #Aviation #my #Life
18/9/2017 · Stratolaunch is now Worlds Largest Plane by Wingspan. Bigger than An-225. Here is First Rollout \r\rWhat a Monster ! Finally for the first time Ive filmed this spectacular World largest jumbo jet. Magnificent airplane. larger then Airbus A380 Its been filmed in 4K
The twin nose gear bogies of the An-225 Mriya are steerable. Observers notice that they rise from the runway very early in the take-off roll. The main landing gear has seven pairs of wheels on each side. The rear four pairs of main gear on each side are also steerable
The Antonov An-225 is travelling from Prague to Perth, Australia to deliver a 117-tonne generator. Plane spotters turned up en masse on Tuesday as the world’s largest plane touched down at Vaclav
A closer look at the largest flying aircraft in the world The Antonov AN-225 has a history unlike any other aircraft. Many people travel simply to marvel at it even today, but the chances of finding it on show or in action are incredibly rare. Ultimately, it’s a one of a
Home Books Search Support How-To Tutorials Suggestions Machine Translation Editions Noahs Archive Project About Us Terms and Conditions Get Published Submission Guidelines Self-Publish Check List Why Choose Self-publishing?
De Antonov An-225 is met zijn lengte van 84 meter, spanwijdte van bijna 89 meter en startgewicht van 600 ton een ware gigant. Het vliegtuig, waarvan slechts één voltooid exemplaar bestaat, is beduidend groter dan de Boeing 747 『Jumbo Jet』 en ook groter
ANTONOV Company is able to realize full cycle of the aircraft creation – from design to serial production and complex after-sale support of the aircraft. At Relax with AN-225 Video of the AN-225 take off from Chimore Airport, Bolivia The AN-225 is performing a
Watch the Giant Antonov An-225 Mriya Land in Super HD Video captures An-255 landing in stunning quality. By Shayla Silva November The An-225 features a whopping 32-wheel landing gear system
The Antonov An-225 Mriya (NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a transport aircraft with six turbofan engines.It first flew in the 1980s and was developed from the smaller four-engined Antonov An-124.The Antonov An-225 is the longest and heaviest airplane
21/8/2012 · A gigantic roar of thunder arises as chief pilot Alexandr Galunenko powers up the six monster engines of the Antonov 225 for take-off. A total of 600 tons have to be airborne until the end of this runway. A sight that is particularily exciting with this
Media in category 「Antonov An-225 of Antonov Airlines at Gostomel Airport」 The following 47 files are in this category, out of 47 total. Antonov An-132D flight testing continues.jpg 1,600 × 900;
Antonov An-225 byl sovětskou konstrukční kanceláří Antonov navržen k přepravě raketových motorů pro raketu Eněrgija a raketoplánu Buran pro sovětský kosmický program.Byl vyvinut jako náhrada letadla Mjasiščev VM-T, konstrukčně vychází z An
Antonov AN-225 Mriya Aircraft History Pictures and Facts. The An-225 Mriya 6 Engine Cargo Aircraft (NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a strategic airlift transport aircraft which was built by the Antonov Design Bureau, and is the largest flying airplane ever built.
WOW, what an amazing beast! I will never ever forget this day. To see this beast this close just takes your breath away. Enterprise Get your team aligned with all the tools you
An An-32P (protivopozharny) modified for fire fighting is used to provide scale for the An-225. The main landing gear of the An-225 is composed of seven two-wheel bogies on each side of the fuselage. The four bogies at the rear (to the left in this picture) are steerable.
Antonov Plant Tour is unique aviation tour in Kyiv, Ukraine that let enthusiasts to find out the history of Antonov aircrafts and look close at An-225 Mriya II, An-124 Ruslan, An-22 Antei, An-178, An-158, An-148 Antonov Plant Tour is unique aviation tour in Kyiv
Antonov Design Bureau designed the Soviet Union’s planes during the 1980s; specifically the Antonov An-225. It was also known as Mriya, but was referred to as Cossack during NATO reporting. The Ukrainian name means “dream,” as was
Media in category 「Antonov An-225 of Antonov Airlines at Ramenskoye Airport」 The following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. Antonov An-225 Mriya, Antonov Design Bureau AN0189657.jpg 1,024 × 768; 260 KB Antonov An-225 Mriya, Antonov Design
Antonov An-225 Mriya has 7,899 members. An-225 Mriya The Antonov-225 at Gostomel Airport (Antonov airport), Ukraine Role Strategic airlifter National Join this group to post | aerospace |
https://www.discovercathedralcity.com/top-three-pilots-of-the-cathedral-city-hot-air-balloon-festival-awarded-competition-prizes/ | 2022-09-30T01:00:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335396.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929225326-20220930015326-00640.warc.gz | 0.944317 | 410 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__38886762 | en | Watch the sport of amateur boxing at the Cathedral City Community Amphitheater in Downtown Cathedral City. Doors open at 6:00 pm 1st boxing match starts at approximately 7:00 pm All ringside tables are SOLD OUT! General admission tickets will be available at the door Saturday, October 1st! COVID-19 restrictions:...
Pilot of the New Agua Caliente Casinos Hot Air Balloon Wins Competition
During the Cathedral City Hot Air Balloon Festival this past weekend, the balloon pilots competed in a two-day competition called “Hare and Hound”. The competition involves a lead balloon (Cosmic Crisp Apple balloon) launching and landing in a remote area. The lead balloon crew puts out a giant “X” on the ground and the rest of the balloons must inflate and fly as close as they can to the lead balloon with the giant “X”. Once near the giant “X”, the pilot will throw out a pilot-identifying bean bag as close to the center of the “X” as possible. The pilot that gets his/her bean bag closest to the center receives the most points and wins a trophy and cash prize.
Pilot Jayson Kimball of Napa, California won first place in the balloon competition while flying the new Agua Caliente Casinos hot air balloon. Mr. Kimball won $3,000 in prize money for his first place ranking. The other Top Three Winners were Pilot Harold “Bubba” Cliver of Houston, Texas winning second place with a $2,000 prize; and Pilot Jerry Copas of Bloomington, Indiana winning third place with a $1,000 prize.
The Cathedral City Hot Air Balloon Festival and Food Truck Fiesta occurred on Friday, November 19 – Sunday, November 21, 2021 with a record attendance estimated at over 25,000 attendees. It will return next year on the weekend before Thanksgiving, November 18, 2022 – November 20, 2022. | aerospace |
https://vacancytoday.in/exploring-the-final-frontier-new-discoveries-in-astronomy-and-space-exploration/ | 2023-05-31T23:33:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647459.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230531214247-20230601004247-00360.warc.gz | 0.93823 | 562 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__217041853 | en | In the words of American astronaut Buzz Aldrin, “Mars has been flown by, orbited, smacked into, radar examined, and rocketed onto, as well as bounced upon, rolled over, shoveled, drilled into, baked and even blasted. Still to come: Mars being stepped on.” Indeed, the outer space remains one of the most enigmatic and fascinating frontiers that captivates both scientists and everyday people alike. From advancements in telescopes to groundbreaking exploration missions, new discoveries about the universe seem to happen all the time.
One of the latest and most groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy was actually made by accident. In 2019, a team of scientists working on the Dark Energy Survey, a five-year mission to map hundreds of millions of galaxies, stumbled upon what is now known as the “accidental” galaxy. The galaxy, now named Bedin 1, is located 30 million light-years away from our Milky Way, and was missed by previous surveys due to its size and lack of brightness. Its discovery gives scientists a better understanding of the formation of dwarf galaxies, and opens up new avenues for research on the cosmic evolution of galaxies.
Exploration missions have also revealed a wealth of new knowledge about the cosmos. NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft, for instance, made history in 2015 when it reached and flew by Pluto, providing the first-ever close-up images of the distant dwarf planet. More recently, the spacecraft reached Ultima Thule, an object in the Kuiper Belt located four billion miles away from Earth. Its examination provided insights into how the solar system was formed and the properties of the early universe.
Telescopes, meanwhile, continue to help astronomers and researchers to peer ever deeper into space. In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope team released the first image of a black hole, the result of years of work and collaboration between scientists and observatories around the world. The image captured the silhouette of the massive object’s event horizon, the point of no return beyond which nothing can escape its gravitational pull.
As technology continues to advance, the possibilities for further discovery and exploration are endless. NASA’s upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, set to launch in 2021, will allow scientists to look even deeper into the universe than ever before. And with private space companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin heading towards commercial space travel, the possibility of humans living and exploring beyond our own planet becomes an increasingly real prospect.
The exploration and study of astronomy and space exploration is both thrilling to enthusiasts and vitally important to understanding the universe in which we live. From accidental discoveries to intricate missions, scientists and researchers continue to push the boundaries of what we know about the universe, providing new insights and a never-ending sense of wonder. | aerospace |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.