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https://www.arkonindustries.com/edta-manganese.html | 2020-07-08T07:30:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896905.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708062424-20200708092424-00495.warc.gz | 0.723605 | 239 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__65423174 | en | EDTA Manganese Supplier
Leading Manufacturer and Supplier of EDTA Manganese in India
micronutrients it is ideal for the formulation of complete fertilizers for soil and plants lacking in microelements.
- Agriculture Industries as a fertilizer
Grade : Fertilizer
CAS NO. : 55448-20-9
|Sr. No.||Test Parameters||UOM||Limits|
|1||Appearance||----||Free Flowing Crystalline Powder|
|2||Manganese Content (Expressed as Mn)||%||12.00 Min|
|3||pH ( 5 % Solution) not less than||----||6.0-6.5|
|4||Lead (as Pb)||%||0.003 Max|
|5||Cadmium (as Cd)||----||0.0025 Max|
|6||Arsenic (as As)||%||0.01 Max|
25/50 Kg. HDPE bag with inner liner.
To be stored in dry & well-ventilated area. | agronomy |
https://newlebanonlibrary.com/2020/08/11/shrink-your-lawn/ | 2022-05-22T10:24:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662545326.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522094818-20220522124818-00184.warc.gz | 0.957878 | 367 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__143544316 | en | By: Sarah W.
I just read that 87% of all plants (not just the farmed crops that we eat) are pollinated primarily by bees – native bees that populated the earth long before humans made their appearance. If the bees and other native pollinators were to disappear, so would 87% of all plants. And that would be the end of us and most other multicellular species. So with this web of life in mind, here are a few things you can do to contribute to diversity and consequently to the survival of living beings.
Leave a goodly portion of your yard to the “weeds”, like goldenrod (wrongly accused of causing hay fever), milkweed, asters, joe pye weed, wild bee balm….* Insects prefer these plants, which are quite lovely, to many of the non-natives we like to plant.
Oak trees have been called a keystone species because they contribute so much to the food web. They have been shown to support many hundreds of caterpillar species. Do you love birds? Caterpillars are their main source of food, especially when raising their young. So if you’ve got an oak or two, you’re lucky. And by the way, don’t rake under them because the caterpillars need a soft area to burrow into for the winter. Or plant a native groundcover* around the base of the tree.
A massive lawn is not conducive to diversity, so shrink it, using some of the above ideas. If you want to know a lot more, read this book – Nature’s Best Hope by Douglas Tallamy, which is conveniently available in our library system.
*Google Audubon plants for birds or Native plant finder | agronomy |
https://yegdaily.com/facts-you-didnt-know-about-teff | 2023-02-02T09:11:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202070522-20230202100522-00329.warc.gz | 0.926763 | 441 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__206804646 | en | We are always looking for ways to improve our diets and Superfood grain is what people are talking about. Teff is a superfood that is a species of the love grass grown in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It’s the new health craze to hit the shelves and is gaining momentum in the western countries.
While it might be a new health concept to some, it’s been a staple grain of Ethiopian and Eritrean cuisine. It can only grow in these countries due to the sensitive farming methods and fertile fields.
Teff grains are tiny, they’re packed with important nutrients, such as iron and magnesium. They are also one of the few grains that boast vitamin C, a nutrient vital for immune and bone health.
Teff is also gluten-free and can be used in porridge, soups, stews, and gluten-free baked goods.
Whole grain that is gluten-free flour grown In Ethiopia, teff flour is fermented with yeast that lives on the surface of the grain and used to make a traditional sourdough flatbread called injera.
How to add it to your diet?
You can use teff flour in place of wheat flour in numerous dishes, such as pancakes, cookies, cakes, muffins, and bread, as well as gluten-free egg noodles.
Here are Teff Nutritional facts
|Nutritional||Facts ( Per 3.5 ounces (100 grams)|
|Fiber||8 grams — 32% of the DV|
|Manganese||402% of the DV|
|Copper||90% of the DV|
|Vitamin C||98% of the DV|
|Magnesium||44% of the DV|
|Iron||42% of the DV|
|Phosphorus||34% of the DV|
|Zinc||33% of the DV|
Source: | HealthLine | agronomy |
https://agriculturaldrone.cn/how-do-agricultural-drones-work/ | 2020-07-08T00:06:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896169.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708000016-20200708030016-00156.warc.gz | 0.929016 | 705 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__96380023 | en | How Do Agricultural Drones Work?
Drones are transforming agriculture into a high-tech industry. Using cameras on drones, we can access growth information in real time and build agricultural production and distribution strategies on that basis in real time.
1. Soil and crop surveys: use drones to create accurate 3D maps at an early stage. Using it, seed utilization can be improved by applying different seed root patterns depending on soil conditions. After sowing, drones are used to analyze soil conditions and manage irrigation and nitrogen application levels on farmland. The future of agriculture will start with drones.
2. Seeding: Several start-ups have increased fertilizer uptake efficiency by 75 per cent and costs by 85 per cent using drone seeding systems. Systems that distribute seed pods and plant nutrients into the soil to provide essential nutrients throughout the growing season will be widely used.
3. Spraying: using distance meter – ultrasonic or using LiDAR method – can automatically adjust the height of the drone according to the factory height and terrain to avoid collision. As a result, the drone will scan the surface and adjust the height in real time to continuously dispense the correct amount of fluid. Using this technology, spraying efficiency can be improved and pesticide use can be reduced, thereby reducing water quality and groundwater pollution. Experts have calculated that by using drones, spraying operations can be performed five times more effectively than traditional spraying methods. It also helps to reduce environmental pollution.
4. Crop monitoring: Large-scale farmland and poor crop monitoring are the biggest obstacles to agriculture. The problem of monitoring is even more pronounced when the weather forecast is difficult. This leads to increased risk management and farm management costs. In the past, satellite photography was the most advanced technology for monitoring farms. But there are drawbacks, the images have to be ordered in advance and are only available once a day, but still not accurate. On top of that, the cost of service is very low and the image resolution is poor due to weather conditions. By using drones to photograph crops on a regular basis, you can get an accurate picture of crop growth on specific dates, such as time series animation. By identifying inefficiencies in production and compensating for crop damage caused by abnormal weather conditions, this can be used to better manage crops.
5. Irrigation: Drones with hyperspectral, multi-wavelength or thermal sensors can be used to determine where the water level on the farm is low or if additional work is needed. Using a drone’s image sensor, it is possible to accurately measure the growth rate and growing conditions of the crop. By using this index as a crop growth index, scientific farm management can be achieved.
6. Crop growth assessment: Determining the growth status of the crop and identifying fungal or fungal infections in the trees is an important factor in farm management. In the camera attached to the drone, visible light and near-infrared (NIR) are simultaneously irradiated to the scanned crop, and the difference between the reflected green and NIR wavelengths is used to produce multi-wavelength spectral images. This difference can be used to track changes in crop status.
Using multi-wavelength spectral information from farms can increase productivity by responding quickly to pests. In orchards, the quality and quantity of fruit trees is improved by early treatment of fruit tree abnormalities. It’s easier to record and document when you apply for insurance due to crop growth errors. | agronomy |
https://www.doorbudgta.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-colourful-weed-strains/ | 2022-11-30T12:59:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710764.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130124353-20221130154353-00514.warc.gz | 0.940668 | 2,027 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__294756110 | en | Everything You Need to Know About Colourful Weed Strains
When it comes to weed strains, there are almost too many to choose from these days. With so many different weed colour options out there, it can be hard to know where to start. If you’re looking for a weed strain a little bit different, why not try one of the many colourful weed strains available?
These strains are often visually appealing and can offer some unique effects you may not find with other types of weed. Here’s everything you need to know about colourful weed strains.
What Are Colourful Weed Strains?
Colourful weed strains are simply cannabis strains that have been bred to produce vibrant and eye-catching colours. These colours can range from vivid greens and blues to more subdued hues like pink and purple.
The colourful buds of these strains often result from genetic mutations or deliberate breeding programmes, and they can offer some unique visual effects. Many people enjoy growing and smoking these strains simply for their aesthetic value.
However, it’s worth noting that not all colourful weed strains are created equal. Some of these strains may be more potent than others, and the colours may fade over time if the strain is not properly cared for.
If you’re looking for a truly unique smoking experience, then colourful weed strains from an online weed dispensary are worth checking out. Just make sure to conduct your research before buying any weed strains, so you know what you’re getting into.
What Gives Weed Its Colour?
Certain pigments in the plant determine the weed’s colour. These pigments are called anthocyanins, responsible for the vibrant colours that some cannabis strains display.
Anthocyanins are found in many plants, fruits, and vegetables, and they can range in colour from blue and purple to red and pink. Cannabis plants produce anthocyanins in response to certain environmental stressors, such as cold temperatures or bright light.
Some breeders have been able to harness these stressors to produce colourful weed strains. However, it’s important to note that the vividly coloured buds of these strains may not be as potent as more traditional-looking weed.
Does a Weed Strain’s Colour Affect Its High?
In short, no. The colour of a weed strain does not have any bearing on the type or intensity of its high. However, some believe certain colours may be associated with different effects.
For example, many believe that blue and purple weed strains tend to be more mellow and relaxing, while green strains may be more energizing and uplifting. This is purely anecdotal, however, and there’s no scientific evidence to support these claims.
Ultimately, the only way to know how a particular weed strain will affect you is to try it yourself. If you’re looking for something specific, such as a relaxing high, it’s always best to ask your online weed dispensary about the effects of different strains before making a purchase.
What Are the Most Popular Colourful Weed Strains?
There are hundreds of different colourful weed strains out there, so it’s impossible to list them all here. However, some of the most popular options include:
Blue Dream: This strain is one of the market’s most popular blue-hued cannabis strains. It’s a hybrid strain that offers a balance of Sativa and Indica effects, making it a great choice for both day and nighttime use.
Northern Lights: This classic strain is one of the most popular purple weed strains. It’s an Indica-dominant strain that offers relaxation and stress relief, making it a great choice for those looking to unwind at the end of the day.
Sour Diesel: This sharp and pungent strain is one of the market’s most popular green weed strains. It’s a Sativa-dominant strain that offers energizing and uplifting effects, making it a great choice for those looking to get things done during the day.
These are just a few of the many colourful weed strains available these days. With so many different options to choose from, you’re sure to find something that suits your needs and preferences.
How To Grow Colourful Weed Strains?
If you’re interested in growing your own colourful weed strains, you’ll need to start with high-quality seeds. Make sure to do your research and buy your seeds from a reputable source so you know you’re getting a quality product.
Once you have your seeds, you’ll need to decide whether you want to grow them indoors or outdoors. Both options have pros and cons, so it’s up to personal preference.
If you choose to grow your weed indoors, you’ll need to invest in quality grow lights. These lights imitate the sunlight that cannabis plants need to thrive.
You’ll also need to create a controlled environment for your plants, which means controlling the temperature, humidity, and ventilation. This can be tricky, but it’s doable with some trial and error.
If you choose to grow your weed outdoors, you’ll need to find a sunny spot in your garden or yard. Cannabis plants need a lot of sunlight to grow, so make sure the area you choose gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
You’ll also need to make sure the soil you’re using is high quality and well-draining. Cannabis plants don’t like wet feet, so make sure the area you choose doesn’t stay soggy after a rainstorm.
There you have it! Everything you need to know about colourful weed strains. Whether you’re looking for a relaxing or energizing strain, there’s a colourful option out there that’s perfect for you.
So, what are you waiting for? Order these colourful weed strains from our online weed dispensary and try them yourself! You won’t be disappointed. If you want to know more about weed strains and which one is best for you, contact us. We’ll help you with the wide variety of weed strains available here at Doorbud.
Now that we’ve entered the post-lockdown phase, many of us feel a new kind of anxiety. Not only has the pandemic pushed us out of our comfort zones and into a world filled with unknowns, but it has also left behind a trail of emotional wreckage that can be difficult to navigate. What is post-lockdown…
With the popularity of cannabis on the rise, many well-known celebrities have decided to get involved. From rap superstars to Hollywood actors, a wide range of high profile personalities are jumping on the cannabis train and launching their own brands. Cannabis branding has gained significant traction in recent years as marijuana legality continues to spread…
If you’re looking for a cannabis-infused twist to your Christmas dinner, look no further than these recipes! Whether you’re cooking for a party or just want to enjoy some holiday treats with family and friends, these dank dishes are sure to be a hit. From THC-laced eggnog to marijuana mashed potatoes, there’s something here for…
THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main chemical in marijuana that produces the psychoactive effects experienced by users. It is one of over 400 compounds found in cannabis plants. Generally, experts consider it to be the primary ingredient responsible for marijuana’s effects. There are many different variants of THC available on the market today. These include:…
Migraines are debilitating headaches that can keep you from living a normal life. They can cause nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines affect more than 38 million people in the United States, including children. Migraines can last for hours or even days, and sometimes they’re so severe that the person has…
Pre-rolls are a great way to enjoy cannabis. They are a type of joint that is made from whole-flower cannabis. Unlike other methods of consuming cannabis, pre-rolls allow you to enjoy the taste and flavour of the herb. Pre-rolled joints also provide a consistent experience each time you smoke them. Here are fifteen reasons why…
This question often pops up in the mind of weed smokers in Oakville. The truth is, nobody really knows for sure. There are too many cannabis strains out there to keep track of them all. In fact, new strains are being created all the time by growers and breeders constantly experimenting with different combinations of…
Mould is a type of fungus that can commonly be found growing on cannabis plants. While not all mould is bad, some types can harm your health if ingested. Inhaling mould spores can also cause respiratory problems. If you’re buying cannabis from a brick-and-mortar store or an online weed dispensary, it’s important to inspect the…
When most people think of camping, the first thing that comes to mind is enjoying nature and getting back to basics. But many people don’t realize that camping can be much more than that. When done right, camping can be an incredibly rewarding experience that offers a lot of benefits. Benefits of Camping (We’re Sure…
Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds, present in weed, that act on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain. The most well-known cannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis, while CBD is not psychoactive. But these aren’t the only cannabinoids present… | agronomy |
http://bowman9293sk.blogger-news.net/08/2019 | 2021-11-30T09:07:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358966.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130080511-20211130110511-00477.warc.gz | 0.959759 | 121 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__38332731 | en | Some of the most common flowers used in this type of the mature ones, large amount of vinegar is required. As with the newspaper layer that you had put, make sure that a crop in the same place where a crop was previously harvested. They can either be grouped in close squares or rectangles been used for different purposes like cleaning, cooking, gardening, etc. Initially, you may find the task of gardening a bit strenuous, but elderly are very helpful in checking some of the age related serious ailments like Alzheimer's disease.
Access: Plants can be reached easily and all gardening... […] | agronomy |
https://video.kera.org/video/virginia-home-grown-grass-roots-program-bug-repellent-plants-1701/ | 2020-08-14T23:58:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439740343.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20200814215931-20200815005931-00211.warc.gz | 0.825799 | 122 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__196210123 | en | Grass Roots Program; Bug Repellent Plants (#1701)
Season 17 Episode 1 | 57m 16s Video has closed captioning.
Learn more about the Chesterfield County Grass Roots Program with Bill Bishop, Chesterfield County Master Gardener; Gene Goin of Modesto Farms in Scottsville talks about bug repellent plants for home and garden; the Plant of the Month is the Flowering Dwarf Almond (Prunus glandulosa); in the Tip from Maymont, Peggy talks about plants for hedging and habitat.
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning | agronomy |
https://siteware.wordpress.com/2008/10/19/peppers/ | 2018-10-20T00:54:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512499.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019232929-20181020014429-00161.warc.gz | 0.941615 | 85 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__173953956 | en | Common Name: Organic Peppers
Location Grown: Farm in Illinois
Obtained From: Fresh Picks
Use: Roasted for pasta
I always roast my peeper whole over the gas flame. I realized I would loose the growing power of the seeds if I cooked them. I slit the peppers, took out the seeds and then roasted them. It went much faster without the bulk in the middle of the pepper. | agronomy |
http://newconcordleader.com/club%20activities/2017/10/25/ffa-competitions | 2018-03-18T05:28:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645538.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318052202-20180318072202-00464.warc.gz | 0.970802 | 129 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__172157261 | en | The JG FFA participated in the District Soils contest on September 28 in Noble County. The Urban and Rural Soils teams placed 5th out of seventeen teams. The contest included three pits of soil that the contestants had to judge, and the contestants also had to complete two tests.
They also hosted the Subdistrict Job Interview contest on October 18, 2017. Carver Casey, Hailey Moore, Justin Wagner, and Emilee Corder competed in the contest. The JG Subdistrict Job Interview contestants placed 2nd out of five groups.
On October 25-28 they will be traveling to Indiana for National Convention. | agronomy |
http://vidkrytyi-dostup.com/expanding-phoenix-palms/ | 2021-04-15T17:31:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038087714.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415160727-20210415190727-00203.warc.gz | 0.947568 | 590 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__142843703 | en | When repotting, be careful of the plant’s backs, and also utilize gloves. This is a truly attractive palm that can be grown in solitary or multi trunk kinds. They can tolerate full sunlight plantenbak or filteringed system sun and also expand in a really small routine. The pindo palm has long downy leaves in a blue-green color that arch toward the ground from a 12-18 ″ trunk.
Simply split the amount specified on the package instructions by fifty percent if you’re worried concerning over-fertilizing. And also you can constantly slightly raise just how much fertilizer you provide the plant over time till an excellent quantity is gotten to. Parlour hands will certainly need a little of fertilizer each month throughout the spring as well as summer.
What are the small palm trees called?
Water at the base of the palm tree and water extensively, completely moistening the soil inside out. Look for the water to trickle out from the bottom of the container. At that point, you know you have actually sprinkled your hand well and can quit.
9. Increase or Restrict Sunlight
- Palms consist of both subtropical and also tropical plants and also when expanded indoors, bring a feeling of the tropics and also an exotic feeling to your home.
- Excess minerals normally originate from difficult tap water or too much fertilizer.
- Generally, you’ll require pruners, yard knives as well as pruning saws when you are trimming a hand tree.
- To maintain the fronds environment-friendly, especially older leaves, use a little magnesium sulfate every couple of months.
- Like other houseplants, as well little or as well much water can cause troubles, and hands are particularly at risk to spider termites as well as rot.
For this sort of treatment you’ll wish to talk to a landscaping specialist. The last factor that hands stain and shrivel is parasites. There are a number of pests that can infest your palm tree and also cause it to get sick and possibly pass away. Regular palm tree checks will aid catch these problems early when they can be dealt with.
If your hand tree is browning, continue reading for some specialist tree care guidance on just how to recover the wellness and also appeal of your palm tree. In summer, it’s finest to water in the morning or late mid-day. Early morning irrigation implies the palm’s soil will be wet throughout the hot afternoons.
How do I know if my palm tree needs water?
Benefits Of Growing Tropical Indoor Palms
Be very mindful not to overwater however, this is the primary awesome of hand plants. I advise expanding interior hand plants in pots that have water drainage openings in all-time low, which will certainly help to prevent overwatering. | agronomy |
http://gourmetgarlicgardens.com/growing.htm | 2013-05-26T09:34:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706890813/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122130-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.964402 | 11,441 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__74091232 | en | [ Navigation Menu - Click these links to go to other pages on our website. ]
[ Click these links to go to items on this page. ]
[ What Really is Garlic, Anyway? ] - [ Overview of Growing Garlic ] - [Organic Growing vs. Chemicals ] - [ What's Really in Your Fertilizer? ] - [ Preparing the soil ] -
[ Preparing and Planting the Garlic ] - [ Tending the Garlic ] - [ How to Know When to Harvest the Garlic ] - [ How to cure the Garlic ] - [ How to Store the Garlic ] -
[ Alphabetical listing of gourmet garlics ]
- [ Milder Garlics ] - [ Medium Flavored Garlics ] - [ Stronger Tasting Garlics ]
We are now accepting orders for gourmet garlic for late summer/early fall shipment.
- [ Scapes in the Spring - Order now for spring 2013 shipment. ]
We now include an online garlic farmers market where you buy direct
- Pictures of our Fabulous wildflowers this spring. -
What Really is Garlic, anyway?
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) may be the oldest cultivated plant by humans and is of the same general plant family as lillies and onions and leeks. More than botanical designations, garlic is a lifeform, that is, a living being that continues to remain alive by dividing or cloning itself into many miniature versions of itself and basically consumes its old self in the process of becoming its new selves.
The heart and soul, as it were, of the garlic is the so-called true stem, or basal plate from which the roots extend downward and the leaves, cloves and false stalk (properly called scape) emerge and reach upward seeking light and air, for it is the sun and air that power the water pump that is a garlic plant. It is from this true stem that the mother clove gives her life to all her daughter cloves, passing her very essence on directly to them.
Garlic grows by dissolving nutrients and drawing the nutrient laden moisture into its roots and drawing it up to the true stem where it is used to build various parts of the plant. The whole time, the tiny central heart of the plant is growing like a nautilus in its chambered shell, for its growth pattern is a spiral, with new growth forming at the center and maturing as the new little cloves work their way around and out from their birthplace at the the center, growing ever larger as they dance round the center in celebration of their lives as if honoring their giver of life as they take their first steps in their trip through life. What else could it be?
Garlic is undeniably a living entity that responds to its environment.
As diners, we justify our wholesale slaughter of our defenseless little brethren by agreeing to preserve their species by becoming growers and thereby allowing the garlic species
not only to carry on their kind, but promising to let them live in sumptuous quarters,
free from interference by weeds on the condition that they have plenty of kids we can eat.
Garlic is undeniably a living entity that responds to its environment. As diners, we justify our wholesale slaughter of our defenseless little brethren by agreeing to preserve their species by becoming growers and thereby allowing the garlic species not only to carry on their kind, but promising to let them live in sumptuous quarters, free from interference by weeds on the condition that they have plenty of kids we can eat.
Sunlight and atmospheric gasses provide energy to power the process and as sunlight increases with the day-length in spring, the pump works harder and harder until the intensity of the sun causes it to burn out and the plant withdraws all its liquid resources back down into the rapidly forming cloves and it withdraws to the cool underground to wait until fall so it can begin the process of growing again, this time in multiplex with all cloves dreaming of the day when they, too would become whole bulbs all by themselves.
Overview of Growing Gourmet Garlic
Garlic is fairly easy to grow. Great garlic is fairly difficult to grow. If you just want to grow garlic, put the separated cloves in the ground anytime between September and March and it will probably grow, but not very well. If you want to grow large, healthy bulbs, there's much more to it than that.
This section is meant for the backyard gardener and is not meant for those who want to grow large quantities of garlic for commercial purposes, I recommend Ron Engeland's book Growing Great Garlic. It's the book that got us started. To Buy the Book, Click Here.
First, consider your location, climate and soil conditions and then determine the kinds of garlic which grow best in your area.
Let's talk about location and climate first. While garlic originated in central Asia with its long cold winters, damp cool springs and warm, dry summers, it has been transported around the globe
and grown in so many areas that its needs seem to have changed a little. Some varieties, such as Rocamboles, still want those conditions in order to thrive.
Porcelains, Purple Stripes and Silverskins are more tolerant, but still won't stand for a hot, dry spring. Artichokes will do well almost anywhere. For a detailed
description of these five basic varieties, please read our Overview of Garlic section where we explain the differences between them.
Don't be afraid to experiment. A wonderful and wizened master herbalist, Odena Brannam, told us when we first started that she had grown things all her life in places the experts said they would not grow.
She had accomplished the impossible many times because she did not know it could not be done.
Organic Growing Versus Chemicals
Soil conditions and watering are of utmost importance if you want to grow excellent, large healthy garlic. Garlic will grow (barely) in almost any dirt with whatever water is available to it but will thrive in healthy soil with proper watering. If you do not grow organically, you cannot grow garlic as good as those who do. That is a simple fact of nature. Chemical manufacturers may tell you otherwise, but they stand to make a lot of money from you if you grow as they say, whereas I stand to make no money off of you if you grow as I suggest-just a slightly less polluted planet. You figure out who is more likely to be honest with you.
Chemical growers feed the plants at the expense of the soil-and a lot of money. Organic growers feed the soil to the benefit of the plants-for very little money. If you build up your soil with manures and compost and a few trace minerals, your soil will stay healthy for years with a minimum of additions but when you use chemicals, you must add them on an on-going basis if your soil is to grow anything. The reason for this is that the soil is an ecosystem that contains millions of microscopic plant and animal lifeforms that live off one another just like in the jungle or the sea. When the soil is in balance in this way, the plants that grow in it can pull what they need out of it and thrive. Plants need much more than just Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous, they need the wide variety of micronutrients and minerals that healthy, well balanced soil provides. When you add high concentrations of NPK fertilizers, this imbalance kills off vast numbers of these microorganisms and the plants feed on their decaying bodies which gives you a good crop this year, but results in a less naturally fertile soil with far fewer microbes and you have to keep adding more of the fertilizers in subsequent years just to grow a plant that is inferior to a plant grown organically.
When you use chemical insecticides and herbicides, they kill not only the surface pests you aim to kill, but also soak into the ground and kill many of the microorganisms living in the soil as well, resulting in a less fertile growing environment yet. They can also leach into your community drinking water, too. Do you really want to drink pesticide-laden water? Pesticide residues in our drinking water are not neutralized by adding chlorine or flouride to the water as they are not organic lifeforms but inorganic chemicals that can contribute to many human ailments. Some of the highest cancer rates are among people who apply pesticides and who work with the plants that have had pesticides applied, according to insurance industry statistics. That stuff soaks into the plants and cannot be washed off because it is inside them. If the government requires applicators to wear "protective" clothing, boots, gloves, hoods and masks to apply it, why would you want to eat it?
What's Really in Your Fertilizer?
Until recently I thought that NPK fertilizers weren't so bad; after all, it was the pesticides that were the real problem, right? I now see I was wrong and that many commercial fertilizers are as bad and some are worse than pesticides and are actually hazardous to your health. Fertilizers have been required to have their claimed amounts of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium, but the other "inert" ingredients weren't regulated so any hazardous waste that contained any amounts of any form of N, P or K could be sold as fertilizer, regardless of what the undisclosed ingredients were.
A few years ago at the Garlic is Life! Symposium in Tulsa I met the former mayor of a small town in Washington and listened to her story. Patty Martin and some of her constituents discovered that some large industrial companies were disposing of hazardous wastes, including dioxins, lead, mercury, and even some radioactive material by putting it into fertilizer or selling it to companies that did. She was rightfully concerned for the welfare of her own family as well as all the town's other people and rattled enough people's cages to spur an investigation by investigative reporter, Buff Wilson of the Seattle Times newspaper. The story attracted nationwide attention and was nominated for a Pulitzer prize. It resulted in the state of Washington passing and implementing a law regulating the content of fertilizers and requiring fertilizer manufacturers to label the contents. They also tested all fertilizers sold in Washington and have published the list of ingredients on the internet - good move!
By avoiding the EPA's expensive hazardous waste disposal sites and selling their wastes to fertilizer manufacturers, some industrial companies have turned otherwise costly hazardous waste into a profitable product. Slick, huh? To learn more about what's in your fertilizer, Click Here.
In view of the above, I cannot in good conscience recommend using commercial pelleted fertilizers in growing garlic - which is good because research shows that standard NPK fertilizers really don't do much for garlic, anyway, as it's the minerals/micronutrients that garlic seeks. After all, garlic originated in the thin, rocky mountainous soils of the area just north of modern Afghanistan.
Follow our organic growing links for much more detailed information about growing organically and get into it. Prepare your soil a few months in advance so that it is in good balance when you plant. We recommend you have your soil tested for more than NPK and pH, but for micronutrient analysis also so that you will know what your soil lacks and what it has enough or too much of. That way you will know what and how much to add. Too much of anything can be bad, it is balance that is important.
Certified Organic vs. Certified Naturally Grown, etc., does it matter?
The organic movement rose from small farmers and gardeners using traditional agricultural methods and building on them to produce naturally grown food that people liked better than conventional food in stores and were willing to pay extra for that food. Some unscruplous large growers noticed and then falsely claimed their produce was organically grown when it wasn't and got higher prices for conventionally grown food. It was decided some standards and licensing was necessary and the National Organic Program (NOP) came into existence and established requirements and compliance verification. If a small family farm cares enough to become Certified Organic and go through all the things necessary to remain certified, you can be assured their produce is worth having and I highly recommend Certified Organic growers.
If a grower is going to sell to distributors who in turn sell to stores and commercial food businesses where the grower doesn't have any direct interaction with the consumer then Certified Organic is the best way to go due to public acceptance of the label. People trust the Certified Organic label because of the strong verification procedures of the USDA. It's hard to trust big businesses so you have to verify to be sure they're not cheating.
As the large agribusiness corporations began to weild more influence over the NOP than the small growers who started the organic revolution, the initial rules have been watered down in favor of corporate interests and at the same time bureacratic requirements have served to exclude many of those small growers who simply don't have time for all the paperwork and accounting requirements or just don't want the government looking over their shoulder all the time.
Many of the small-scale growers have banded together and formed groups to provide alternative certification standards that go back to the original intent of the NOP. These people live the organic lifestyle and are providing alternative certifications of sustainability and one of them is Certified Naturally Grown (CNG). CNG knows that when people see growers living the organic lifestyle they are more likely to trust those growers not to use chemical fertilizers and harmful pesticides. People trust sustainable gardeners because they know they can.
CNG members adhere to the strict standards of the original NOP but without the high costs and bureacracy of the USDA-administered program. When you look at the kinds of people who who join CNG, what you see are people who live their lives sustainably and who want the sustainability of their produce vouched for by people for whom they have respect, i.e., their peers. One look at these people's lifestyles and you just know they wouls never even consider using toxic petrochemicals.
I have chosen Certified Naturally Grown to recommend to
most gardeners who want to market their produce at the grass roots level where they sell direct to their customers.
I am in full agreement with their principles and their ways of compliance verification by peers and their viewpoint that
actually growing sustainably is more important than reams of bureacratic paperwork and large fees.
However, if you're a market gardener who sells at the grass roots level and you sell direct to chefs and local grocery stores or through a farmers market or internet webpage where buyer and seller deal directly with each other and some level of confidence needs to exist, the Certified Naturally Grown designation delivers that trust.
Preparing the Ground for Planting
If you are going to be successful planting something to grow food for you for this year and have it provide seeds for next year, you must first give it a good home so it will grow well for you. This is not easy and usually involves more than a little work preparing the ground, either with shovel and garden fork or a tiller of some kind since garlic needs beds at least 6" deep. Garlic likes the soil to be loosened up down to about six inches or more and to remain loose so that it feeds and waters well and its roots do not get needlessly torn up when harvesting - it's best to minimize any physical damaagge during harvesting as nicks, cuts, broken roots, etc. provide pathogens a place of entry to contaminate the garlic.
You may not need to make raised beds if your garden soil is sandy loam or a sandy soil enriched with lots of organic matter and it is loose enough deep enough to be well drained and for root crops to be easily pulled out without damage.
When we lived in town and had only a small 12X24' garden I used a shovel, garden fork, rake and hoe to do all the work but when we moved to the country and had a garden almost the size of a football field, a tiller was a must. Merridee's family had a big heavy Troy-Built that churned up the soil pretty good and could build a bed fast although it would jerk you around and rattle you pretty good when it hit a hard spot. A big tiller is an indispensible tool for a large garden and I wouldn't part with the Troy-Built but it quickly became obvious that we needed a smaller more more maneuverable and easier to manage tiller for the smaller jobs within the garden and it had to be light enough for Merridee to carry and use. We looked at the alternatives and bought a Mantis tiller in 1994 and used it to till smaller beds and weed between beds because it was lightweight and maneuverable and saved backbreaking hours in the hot sun with a shovel, scuffle hoe or 4-tine hand cultivator.
I don't even pretend to be any kind of expert on gardening but I have gardened by the seat of my pants for 35 years and have made a lot of mistakes but seem to have overcome most of them and have grown some pretty good garlic the last 15 years. I have developed methods which have worked well for me here in west central Texas and that's all I can discuss from personal experience but I hear a lot from northern growers and I repeat what the more successful ones say.
We live near a creek and our garden soil is all fine silt, which in the absense of organic matter, compacts. I till and build and fertilize raised beds three months before I intend to plant garlic.
I then mulch them with thick layer of hay/straw/alfalfa, grass clippings, etc. and hand water heavily, enough to mat down and thatch together the mulch cover and let it intertwine so it doesn't blow away.
Then I let it set untouched until time to plant so that the microbial life in the soil can do its thing and produce a living fertile bed with a chocolate cake-like texture.
In Texas, bare ground gets baked by the sun and dehydrates the area around it but a cover crop or organic mulch holds the moisture in and maintains plant health.
When it is time to plant I rake back the mulch, plant the bed with the garlics planted 6" apart, run and anchor the irrigation tapes (two to a bed) and rake back the mulch and add to it and then water to saturation to matt the mulch .
Thereafter when it is time to water I irrigate with creek water through the drip tapes.
Building the beds is the hard part because there is a lot of hard labor involved.
When it is time to plant I rake back the mulch, plant the bed with the garlics planted 6" apart, run and anchor the irrigation tapes (two to a bed) and rake back the mulch and add to it and then water to saturation to matt the mulch . Thereafter when it is time to water I irrigate with creek water through the drip tapes.
Building the beds is the hard part because there is a lot of hard labor involved.
Planting and Growing Gourmet Garlic
It's usually best to plant garlic in the fall as close to the autumnal equinox as possible. Garlic likes to sprout roots in the fall and feed and develop for a little while before the cold winter temperatures force it to curtail its growth and rest until the warmer weather comes. It uses this time to establish its root system so it can survive the winter and be ready to explode with growth in the spring before the weather turns hot. Hot weather forces garlic to bolt; that is, to mature, to try to go to seed, as it were. But since garlic does not produce seed, it reproduces by forming as many cloves as its genetics allow and growing them as big as it can before the summer heat kills the leaves.
If you leave that multi-cloved bulb in the ground, it will wait until fall and every one of those cloves will try to send up its own leaves and they will all try to grow in the same spot, resulting in a large number of very small garlics the following spring. That is why it is necessary to pull the bulb out of the ground when it matures and store it in a cool, dry place until the fall. In the fall, separate the bulbs into cloves, being careful not to bruise or damage the cloves, and plant the cloves, top side up, six to eight inches apart so they will have room to grow and not fight over the limited resources of a small area.
Commercial growers in California and other places usually plant the cloves really close to one another and when mature the bulbs are not only touching, but crowding each other in heavily chemically-fertilized fields. These fields are also treated with toxic fungicides to try to fight soil-borne fungi that are too firmly entrenched from 75 years of growing almost nothing but garlic. On the other hand, if you grow garlic in a three to seven year rotation with other crops, Mother Nature will sweeten the soil for you and drop the level of fungi below the level at which it is a problem - and grow a better tasting and better looking and healthier plant as well. The wholesome outdoor exercise of gourmet garlic gardening contributes to your all-around good health and well being and costs less than the spiraling cost of agricultural chemicals. It's your choice.
In most parts of the country, garlic likes to be planted in fertile, well drained raised beds so that the bulb itself is up out of the water level and the roots are down in the water. The height of the raised beds and the depth to plant the cloves (root end down) depend on in what part of the country you want to grow the garlic. If your area gets a lot of rain and snow and very cold winters, then use higher beds and plant the cloves four inches deep and mulch heavily to protect the garlic from sub-zero temperatures. If you grow in more arid areas with warmer winters and less snow, then lower the beds and don't plant the garlic so deep. Garlic will grow in flat ground without raised beds, but the raised beds help the garlic fend off diseases that can come when the bulb sits in water too long.
About the Mantis Tiller/Cultivator
I have been a very happy Mantis user for the past 15 years, since 1994. I bought it because I was leery of small gasoline engines but their ad said they would send me a video to teach me all about it and I could return it if I didn't like it. The video showed me everything I needed to know about how to take care of it and use it. It never once failed to start quickly and easily, I was amazed. I have never known an easier starting or more reliable small gasoline engine anywhere and I'm still a skeptic of small gasoline engines but I know I can always rely on my Mantis.
I like it because it can zip around and in-between places where a big tiller wouldn't work well. It only weighs 20 pounds so it's easy to carry if you want to but you don't have to because when it is running you can give it a little gas and it will "walk" on its slowly spinning tines and you simply guide it where you want it to take itself. Neat, huh?
It works differently than other tillers in that you walk backwards and pull the tiller as you go and it chews up the ground as you go, the longer it stays in one place the deeper it digs in. This way you don't walk on the freshly tilled soil, compacting it. There are also some accessories available like a sidewalk edger attachment and a trenching attachment and even a hiller.
After my first Mantis mysteriously disappeared I bought another one and this time I paid extra and got the 24 pound Honda 4-cycle engine and it works every bit as good as the 2-cycle model and I enjoy its quietness of operation and the fact that you don't have to mix the gas and oil.
I don't recommend anything I wouldn't use myself and I can whole-heartedly recommend the Mantis tiller-cultiver because we have used it for 15 years and I know it not only works well, it lasts. Merridee has no problem starting and using it herself.
Preparing the Garlic for Planting and Planting the Garlic
Garlic is subject to fungal diseases and pest infestations that can be virtually undetectable until they strike. Prevention is the best way to deal with them. In our experience, garlic that is soaked in certain solutions and with the clove covers peeled off have a better chance of growing free of pathogen or pest.
When your soil is fully ready to be planted, take the bulbs you want to plant and break them apart into their individual cloves (Being sure to keep each variety separate from others. Soak each varieties' cloves in water containing one heaping tablespoon of bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) and liquid seaweed per gallon to protect them from fungus as well as give them an energy boost. Leave the cloves in the soda water overnight or long enough for the clove covers to loosen so the liquid comes into contact with the surfaces of the cloves. Garlics clove covers can contain fungal spores, or conidia or the eggs of pests such as mites and are best discarded rather than planted since the first thing the cloves do is to shed them, anyway. The baking soda helps neutralize the fungi. Commercial growers don't have time to peel cloves bare but gardeners do. Peeling the cloves has another advantage in that you can see if they have any problems and if they do, discard them and plant only the best cloves in order to harvest the best garlic. If you can't see what the cloves really look like it is easy to plant bad cloves thinking they are good and wind up with a bad harvest the following year.
The cloves should then be soaked in rubbing alcohol or 100 proof vodka for three or four minutes and then planted immediately. The alcohol kills pests and pest eggs and any pathogens the first soaking missed. Every time I have done this, the treated garlic turned out better than the untreated control group. Alcohols are on the National Organic Program accepted list and baking soda is accepted under part 205.605.
Here in central Texas, we plant about 2 to 3 inches deep, with larger varieties going a little deeper in the ground than the smaller varieties. We put them in by hand so we can be sure each clove is properly bedded down. It's a lot of work on our hands and knees, but it's the best way to get the best results. Garlic does not lend itself well to automated planting technology due to the irregular size and shape differences in the cloves. Our beds are 6 in. high and 24 in. wide, we drip irrigate with T-Tapes and cover all with a 3 inch deep mulch to protect from weeds and to hold in the soil moisture, more to act as a barrier to direct sunlight on the soil than for temperature protection. Garlic survives cold quite well as it was designed by nature to grow in the fall, rest in the winter and bulb out in the late spring or early to mid-summer.
Across the northern tier of states garlics leaves do not usually emerge from the ground until spring, although in a warm winter, they will emerge an grow in the winter just as they do in the South or in California. Garlic loves the cold weather but it can be frozen out if the temp drops 10 or 20 below zero-F and stays there for a couple of weeks, but it is rare. During those times when we actually get snow down here, it's a beautiful sight to see all those lush deep green spearlike leaves shooting up abruptly out out of the stark white snow. When you walk out to make sure they're OK, you can almost hear them laughing and frolicking in the snow and singing their song of joy. The garlics allow the grower to join the party, but no one else - it's a private family affair.
Tending the Growing Garlic
Garlic is naturally very resourceful and will find a way to get what it needs out of the soil it grows in. You don't need a lot of NPK, just a good well balanced soil that is loose enough for the bulb to grow and expand when it is the time for it to do so. Ordinary garden soil with a little manure added a couple of months before planting is great. It doesn't much care for dry, hard packed clayey or thin rocky soils that may restrict its expansion, oh, it will still grow, it just won't get as big. It may; however, have a more intense flavor and store a little longer than the big beautiful ones. Like its cousins, the onions, garlic doesn't like to dry out completely during its growing season as that tends to make it stronger in flavor. A good thing to remember if you like strong garlic.
Professional growers know that size is what sells in this country, no matter what they grow. In a supermarket, most people will buy a larger fruit or garlic rather than a small one and would be surprised to learn that the small one might even taste better. Size in a garlic is determined first by the variety and then by the growing conditions. Some varieties are naturally larger than others - please see our section on Varieties of Garlic for an explanation. After varietal type, the next consideration is soil fertility and the amount and frequency of watering, mostly the watering.
Some growers recommend fertilizing garlic in the early spring to give it a boost just as the foilage gets a good start but before the plant begins to form a bulb, and I think that's usually a good idea. Others say that if your soil is naturally fertile enough you don't even have to fertilize at all during the growing season. If you're not going to do a spring fertilization, we think a foliar spray with a tablespoon each of seaweed, molasses and baking soda in a gallon of water two or three times during the spring helps the garlic finish out its growth, nicely - but do not foliar feed it within a month of harvest. It is a good idea to make sure the garlic is not real dry when you spray as that may not be beneficial to the plants. Foliar spraying should only be done on healthy, well watered plants. Garlic will build a good stand of lush foilage before it begins to swell at its base and form a bulb. Discontinue all fertilization at the first sign of the bulb beginning to swell. If you continue to fertilize beyond the bulbing point, especially with nitrogen, it can cause the leaves to become extra lush at the expense of bulb size.
Garlic likes a slightly moist but not wet soil. If the moisture content of the soil at the root level is below 50%, it is time to water the garlic. If it stays too wet, diseases such as fungus and blight can set in and moist conditions also favor nematodes. Few things in nature prey upon garlic as garlic kills or repels most insects, fungi and other things that are problems for most other plants, but the things that bother garlic don't seem to bother much else (except grasshoppers). Garlic needs to be protected from those diseases by giving it the growing conditions it likes and avoiding those conditions that lead to problems.
Overwatering garlic can lead to some of those problems as can underwatering because any plant that becomes stressed is more likely to develop problems than a plant that is not stressed. If it gets too dry, water it; if it gets too wet and stays that way for a bit too long, pull back some of the mulch and let the soil dry out some before replacing the mulch. One way to determine the moisture content is to stick your hand down into the root zone feel the soil. If your hand comes out dry, it's time to water; If it is muddy and sticks to your hand, it's too wet. If it stays that way for too long, pull back the mulch and let the ground dry out a bit. Do not water during the last week or two before harvesting your garlic as it is easier to pull or dig garlic out of fairly dry soil than mud, and the garlic will store better.
How to Know Exactly When to Harvest Each Garlic Bulb
How do you know when it is time to harvest the garlic? There is no pat answer as it varies depending on what part of the country you grow in and the variety of garlic involved. Different varieties harvest at different times as Asiatics and Turbans mature first, followed by Artichokes, Creoles, Rocamboles, Purple Stripes and Porcelains and, finally Silverskins. Since spring warms up from the South to the North, southern growers will harvest earlier than Northern growers. It also seems to depend on the weather; how soon it warms up to what extent. If high temperatures come early in spring and it stays warm to hot, harvest will be earlier than usual because it is the heat and sun that causes garlic to bolt. A long cool spring will delay harvest until after the usual time as the bulbs will mature slower and maturing is delayed. We usually start harvesting in mid-May or so whereas far northern growers may not begin until July or later.
Hardneck garlics will send up a stalk, or scape as it is properly called, a few weeks before harvest time. Some growers prefer to cut off the scape and some prefer to leave it on. There is widespread disagreement among growers about when or whether to cut the scape. Some say if you cut the scape it will make the bulb larger. Some say if you don't cut the scape the garlic will store longer and better-and make better seedstock. Some say you must cut off the scape at just the right time to get the right balance of size and storability or hardiness of the bulb. Some say if you cut off the scape too soon you will get big bulbs but that they are more susceptable to disease and short storability (just eat them first.) I suggest you experiment and see what works best for you in your situation. Most serious growers I know do cut the scapes while they are still tender and either eat them or sell them to gourmets - they're highly prized for their delicate flavor and they're only available for a short time in the spring.
Softneck garlics don't usually send up scapes but sometimes Silverskins do when stressed by adverse growing conditions. The Artichoke garlics form bulbils in the neck area just above the cloves. The Asiatic and Turban groups of garlics are classified as weakly bolting hardnecks usually send up scapes but not all. They're both very early ripeners and need to be checked for readiness to harvest as soon as the lower leaves start to die down, don't wait for the last six leaves or they will be overripe - they're unique in that regard. Dig down and look at the bulbs to verify if they are big enough. The Creole garlics also often send up scapes. All Creole scapes form an inverted "U" pattern - at least all that I have ever seen, as do Asiatic and Turban scapes.
The real secret to knowing when to harvest the garlic is to watch the leaves and they'll tell you when to harvest. Garlic leaves signal maturity by beginning to turn brown and dying. The lowest (and outermost) leaves die first and then the rest die from the ground up. When the lowest few leaves die down but when the first few leaves die, dig down to the bulb and look to see the size if the bulb and if it is big enough to suit you, harvest but if it is still too small, wait a few days longer for it to size up. Check again every few days until the bulb is big enough. During this time the top leaves are still growing.
Generally with softnecks, the time to harvest is when the lower leaves have all died down and only the top six leaves are still green. Don't wait for the leaves to all die down and fall over like onions do or you will be inviting trouble in the form of overripe bulbs that are unattractive and more subject to fungus, pests and poor storage. Also, the upper leaves of the plant are the ones that determine how many bulb wrappers the harvested bulb will have. If you let the leaves all die down then the bulb wrappers will all rot away and you will have bulbs with the cloves exposed and no bulb wrappers to protect them. Use these bulbs immediately while they're still good-the ones with good bulb wrappers will store longer and better.
On the other hand, research indicates that garlic left in the ground longer has more potency and a stronger taste. Since the cloves within the overripe bulb tend to splay out as they crowd each other out, it becomes easier to break the bulbs apart. In fact, I know growers who say they let the bulbs they want to use as planting stock stay in the ground a little longer than usual because shortened storage is not a problem since it doesn't have to store very long until planting time comes around. These same growers also leave the scapes on their planting stock while cutting them on the stock they intend to sell as cutting scapes makes those bulbs bigger than they otherwise would be.
All the plants of any given variety of garlic will come to maturity at about the same time, but some varieties will mature in the early spring and others not until mid-summer. As each variety approaches maturity, inspect the bulbs so that you can see when they get to the size and condition you want. You can dig down around a few plants to inspect the size and shape of the bulbs, being careful not to disturb the roots, every few days until you are satisfied they are ready to harvest. If they're not ready yet, carefully replace the soil and let them go a few days more then inspect again. If you are growing more than one variety, be sure to inspect some of each and harvest only the ones that are ready.
Once any given variety of garlic starts losing its leaves and there are still eight leaves left (a week to 10 days from harvest), discontinue watering and let the soil begin to dry out some so as to make harvesting easier - it's easier to pull garlic out of loose soil than mud.
When your garlic is ready to harvest, there are several ways to do it. It is important to remove the garlic from the ground without injuring it as it is still a living creature and germs can enter through wounds at a time when its ability to ward them off is diminishing. If you have real loose rich soil, you can simply pull them up by their necks as long as doing so will not tear or damage their necks or roots. Few of us are fortunate enough to have that kind of soil. For most of us the best way is to use a shovel or garden fork and slip the blade down beside them and then work it under them and pry them up from the bottom. Be very careful not to cut the bulbs as you do this. We use a thick, tractor mounted , wedge shaped blade to undercut them below root level and push them up without touching them. The blade gently breaks up the ground under and around them and we retrieve them by hand, lay them gently into a wagon with a sun cover and immediately take them out of the sun and into a cool shady place to cure out for a while.
Be very careful in handling the bulbs at this point and do not bang them together as that can cause them to be bruised and invite storage problems and ruin them for seedstock. Do not throw them onto the ground or into a wagon, place them down gently - you have spent a lot of time and effort to grow them right, don't blow it all now by handling them rough. Get them out of the sun as soon as possible as the sun can scald them or cause them to dry down too quickly and may result in problems.
Many large commercial growers plow them up, windrow them for a few day then cut off the tops and roots and store them, but it's not a good idea. They do it because of the economics involved with personal handling and the cost of building huge drying sheds. Growers who are more concerned with quality than quantity don't do that any more than they would use conveyor belts and let the garlic bounce into truckbeds from the height of three to five feet - which they also do. However you harvest, cure and store your garlic, always keep the different varieties separated and identified so that you will know which is which.
Curing the Garlic
Many growers dispute the proper way to cure the garlic and cut the leaves and roots off for storage. Many growers wash their garlic and see nothing wrong with it while others are horrified by the thought. In my experience, garlic that is washed has a tendency to have wrinkled bulb wrappers that look a little like your fingers do right after a bath.
It also seems to me that the extra moisture that accumulates in the bulb could lead to fungal infestation. Some cut the roots and leaves immediately, some wait a few weeks before trimming and some never trim their garlic. What is proper for one but not another may have to do with climate, humidity, human resources, cost of handling or available facilities.
Many growers dispute the proper way to cure the garlic and cut the leaves and roots off for storage. Many growers wash their garlic and see nothing wrong with it while others are horrified by the thought. In my experience, garlic that is washed has a tendency to have wrinkled bulb wrappers that look a little like your fingers do right after a bath. It also seems to me that the extra moisture that accumulates in the bulb could lead to fungal infestation. Some cut the roots and leaves immediately, some wait a few weeks before trimming and some never trim their garlic. What is proper for one but not another may have to do with climate, humidity, human resources, cost of handling or available facilities.
We feel that garlic likes to dry down gradually in temperatures that are similar to those a few inches underground (about 72F). This initial drydown process is called curing the garlic. The idea is for the excess moisture in the roots and leaves to evaporate or withdraw into the bulb. When the roots and necks are completely dried and it does not emit a typical garlic odor when cut, that is the time to trim it. It usually takes two to four weeks to get to that point, longer for extra large bulbs. If you trim it while it is still moist and green, the fresh cuts expose the garlic to fungi, viruses and other contaminants that can set in and cause the garlic to spoil or pick up some disease you don't want it to have. With softneck garlics, many people braid them before they are completely dried down and are still pliable and never trim the roots while other braiders will trim the roots and flake off an outer bulb wrapper or two to make them more attractive.
After the garlic has cured, it is time to decide whether to trim or how much to trim it and how to store it so that it will last and still be good and healthy a few months later when it is time to plant next years crop or to last you for eating through the winter. USDA standards prescribe no more than a quarter-inch of root and no more than a half-inch of stem. I don't go along with that as I think it makes the garlic difficult to handle. We also use stem length as a means to identify certain garlics at a glance-different varieties of softnecks are cut to different lengths, that is, Locati will have longer stems than Rose du Var, to tell them apart at a glance since both look alike but taste different. It helps our customers identify them better, too. Many growers peel away the outer one or two layers of bulb wrappers in order to remove soil particles and contaminants and to make the bulbs more attractive to purchasers. If you have harvested your garlic at the right time, there should be several layers of bulb wrappers remaining.
Storing the Garlic.
As you might suspect, there is not widespread agreement among growers about storing the garlic any more than there is agreement about anything else. Again, you might try a few different things to see what works well for you. About the only thing that most people agree on is that it is bad to store garlic in plastic bags or sealed containers as these things promote rotting. They also agree that garlic should not be stored in direct sunlight.
Four factors affect the storage of garlic; namely, how well it was grown and cured, its varietal type, temperature and humidity. Garlic that was poorly grown and improperly cured will not get any better in storage. Some varieties naturally store longer than others. Silverskins are the longest storing , with Porcelains coming in second and Rocamboles being the shortest storing varieties, with Purple Stripes and Artichokes falling somewhere in the middle. Specific cultivars of each kind can vary from the pattern, but in general, this is the way it is.
Have you ever noticed that garlic that you buy at the supermarket doesn't seem to store very long once you take it home? There is a reason for that. The USDA recommends storing garlic at 32F, so most large chains of stores do that and require their suppliers to do likewise. Garlic stores well at that low temperature for a few months, (if the humidity isn't too high, which it sometimes is) but when you remove it from cold storage and place it on the shelf for sale, time catches up with it in a hurry. It either deteriorates rapidly or sprouts fairly soon and tries to grow. This makes for a garlic that is good for immediate use only.
We think garlic stores best long term when it is stored at between 55F and 65F and between 40% and 60% humidity. If the humidity stays below 40% for a couple of weeks or more, garlic has a tendency to dry out faster than it otherwise would. If humidity goes higher than 60% for any extended period of time, fungus and molds can set in. If the temperature goes below about 55F for an extended period of time, garlic tends to want to sprout and grow, even if it is not the right time of year (that's why the refrigerator is not a good place to store garlic). If temperatures stay much over 70F for any extended length of time, garlic tends to dry out and deteriorate. These are approximate ranges and need not be taken literally, but are very good guidelines. In our experience, garlic, except Rocamboles will store quite well for four to six months at between 65F and 75F as long as the humidity is moderate.
One of the advantages to keeping garlic around 55 F. is that fungi and other pathogens and pests are much less active than they are with the temp in the 75-80 F. range. Keeping them cool, but not cool enough to sprout them is the key to storing garlic well. It's pretty hard for the average person to achieve the proper temperature range for ideal storage of garlic.
It is important that airflow around the bulbs not be restricted too much as this hastens deterioration. A ventilated terra cotta storage jar is the best way to store garlic for the average person, since most people don't have grandpa's root cellar anymore.
We have found that garlic stored in double paper bags in the shade in a normally air conditioned house seems to do pretty good. Of course, this isn't practical if you have several thousand bulbs, but works quite nicely for a few dozen. Basically, any dark, cool place is ok as long as the humidity is not excessive.
Good luck and enjoy the fruit of your labor. You will probably discover that you get much better tasting and longer storing garlic when you grow your own from selected cultivars than the garlic you get at the local supermarket. Enjoy.
Good luck and enjoy the fruit of your labor. You will probably discover that you get much better tasting and longer storing garlic when you grow your own from selected cultivars than the garlic you get at the local supermarket. Enjoy.Back to Growing Tips Table of Contents
Available Garlics Listed by Alphabetical order
Clicking on a garlic name will give you a color picture and/or complete description of that specific garlic and a shopping cart to buy it.
Comments in black mean we are currently accepting orders for this garlic or expect to have it in 2012.
Back to this page's Table of Contents
Available Garlics Listed by Taste/Flavor
Clicking on a garlic name will give you a color
picture and/or complete description of that specific garlic and a shopping cart to buy it.
Comments in black mean we are currently accepting
orders for this garlic or expect to have it in 2011.
Back to this page's Table of Contents
Medium Flavored Gourmet Garlics
Back to this page's Table of Contents
Hotter, Stronger Flavored Gourmet Garlics
Garlics are listed in alphabetical order, not in order of pungency.
Limited availability of some varieties may necessitate substitutions, but we'll try to get you an equivalent alternative.
Back to this page's Table of Contents
- The information below is from gourmetgarlicgardens.com -
Important notes for credit/debit card users:
This Farmers market is like your local farmers market. Each grower handles their own financial transactions.
Prices and availability of garlic subject to change without notice.
How Our Garlics are Grown
All the garlic for sale in our online farmers market was grown without the use of petrochemical pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers; only natural and non-toxic fertilizers and pest control methods are used.
Some of our growers are Certified Organic and some are Certified Naturally Grown, which we regard as equal to Certified Organic in every meaningful way but without all the bureaucratic entanglements. All our farmers market growers grow organically and some are Certified Organic but not all want to be certified Organic because of the paperwork and reporting requirements and are among the best available sources of sustainable/ organic Garlic and they become Certified Naturally Grown, where the regulation comes from their fellow members rather than a federal bureacracy.
We do not allow growers who use synthetic petroleum-based fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides or herbicides to participate in our farmers market.
All garlic in our farmers market is grown in North America, no others allowed.
We will be adding and deleting and changing the status of varieties often as our growers sell out of some and
add more varieties so check back regularly to see what we currently list as available.
If you don't see what you want, check back again, we may have it later - we receive news about what's available from our growers continually. Or, E-Mail [email protected]
Four ways to buy from us:
If you know the name of the garlic you want to buy you can look it up in an alphabetical listing and click on its name...or
If you don't know the name of a good garlic, look one up in a listing by taste - mild, medium or strong and click on its name...or
Go to our farmers market and select a grower you feel good about and buy direct from them...or
Call me at (325) 348-3049
Order now for shipment in late summer/early fall 2013.
This Farmers market is like your local farmers market.
New - The Complete Book of Garlic is the best, most comprehensive book yet about garlic.
The Complete Book of Garlic
by Ted Jordan Meredith
The Classic Commercial Garlic Growers Guide
Growing Great Garlic
by Ron Engeland
A Miscellany of Garlic
is the newest book about garlic and it is well-written and reads easy as the author has a warm friendly writing style that makes it fun to read.
by Trina Clickner
If you don't see what you want, E-Mail [email protected]
Basic Ordering Information
On any page of this website where the lists of garlic cultivars are displayed you can click on the name of any garlic and get a picture and/or a detailed description of that variety and some buttons you can click on to buy direct from different growers. Just decide how many pounds of which varieties you want from each grower and use your credit card to buy on line.
We make no guarantees or warranties of any kind whatsoever, expressed or implied, with respect to our garlic or the garlic sold by any growers who sell their garlic through our website. We do not guarantee or warrant the fitness, suitability or usability of our garlic for any particular purpose. We state only that the varieties we and the growers who sell through our website ship are to the best of our knowledge, the varieties we say they are. Any and all liability from all causes is limited to a refund of a customer's payment for the garlic in question.
We and the growers who sell through our website take great care to grow, harvest, cure and store our garlic properly and we will not knowingly ship garlic that is damaged, defective or diseased in any way we can see, feel or smell. We pack the garlic so as to minimize any probability of damage in shipment. If; however, you receive garlic that goes bad within 30 days, please call or e-mail the grower immediately stating the problem and return the defective garlic to the grower via Priority US Mail and the grower will either replace it at no additional charge, or refund your money for the defective garlic. It is our desire to provide our customers with the best garlic we can produce and enhance our reputation for excellence - but we cannot be held responsible for what happens after the garlic leaves our care.
All products are for sale to United States addresses only. We are not familiar with import-export laws and do not wish to engage in foreign trade at this time.
More TO COME...
Garlic Books, Garlic Accessories and Gardening Tools, Etc.
- Pictures of our Fabulous spring wildflowers some years. -
Bob Phillips' Texas Country Reporter did a story on me and the garlic for their long running TV program -
click here to see the 6:28 video on youtube:
Garlicmeister, a self-inflicted title for amusement only.
Photo courtesy of Bill Yeates.
If you would like to
communicate with us, please send email to:
Gourmet Garlic Gardens,
[ Navigation Menu - Click these links to go to other pages on our website. ]
Our site is always under construction. -- This page last updated April 23, 2013.
Our webpages have been visited over 3 million times since July of 1997 by people looking for the latest
information about garlic and to buy the best gourmet garlics. Thank you one and all.
- Copyright 1997 through 2013, all rightss reserved. - | agronomy |
http://www.exporthubs.com/wheat-seeds-5027393.html | 2019-03-26T02:42:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912204768.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190326014605-20190326040605-00239.warc.gz | 0.922094 | 168 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__112151040 | en | Most Popular Products
|Home||» Products||» Wheat Seeds||» Wheat Seeds|
Product Code : 09
Price And Quantity
- Unit of Measure
Wheat Seeds are completely free from all kinds of impurities and is used for making wheat flour which is used for making fluffy chappati, paratha and roti. They are high in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, copper, vitamin B as well as zinc. Offered wheat seeds are properly cleaned and sorted using modern machine to make sure that it is free from dust and small stones. They contain complex carbohydrates which keep you feeling full longer and gives you energy over a longer period of time. Our wheat seeds are completely free from artificial polish which makes them easy to digest and safe to consume. Wheat Seeds are rich in insoluble fibre that prevents gallstones. | agronomy |
https://ortensifarm.com/quality-feed | 2023-12-09T11:01:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100909.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209103523-20231209133523-00570.warc.gz | 0.936406 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__199463921 | en | (All prices are based off of forage testing)
We sell large round bales of first, second and third cutting. 4 x 4 individually wrapped in netting and plastic. This feed is sold with a forage test.
We sell large round bales first, second and sometimes third cutting . 4 x 4 individually net wrapped and then wrapped in plastic to keep them dry. This feed is sold with a forage test.
We make the cleanest most beautiful straw. 4 x 4 round bales processed so the straw is in short pieces. Each year we plant a winter grain along with clover as a nurse crop. We mow this crop before it ever develops a grain in the seed head.
741 Chyle Road, Richfield Springs, New York 13439, United States
Visits by appointment only. | agronomy |
https://www.educationforindia.org/post/haryana-farm-fires | 2023-06-09T20:27:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656833.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609201549-20230609231549-00228.warc.gz | 0.965399 | 811 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__303773001 | en | Haryana Farm Fires
A problem has arisen in the Punjab area of India among government officials and farmers. Forest fires, as a result of clearing land for crop planting of the already oppressed farmers, have been made illegal in the past, only to be protested and still affecting hundreds of millions. It is especially dangerous in the COVID-19 ridden country of India, where air quality matters even more to keep people’s immune systems healthy.
Farmers burn a material known as paddy stubble to clear fields for the winter wheat crop, which is distributed by the government. Farmers generally plant rice in May and wheat in November. In order to rotate between crops in time, making extra money and creating more food for themselves and others, farmers are known to burn leftover debris and other materials from the rice plants.
This is creating copious amounts of air pollution in the northern plains of India, as the north easterly winds bring pollution to mix with local emissions in certain states. This adds to India’s air problem already, especially around neighboring states where it can negatively impact people’s breathing and overall health.
Depending on the monsoon season, and how early or late they come in the season, the forest fires can be more frequent and earlier than usual. This can mix with more pollution in the air as far as 150 miles away in Delhi or other states around the area. As we have dove into in previous articles, farmers are fighting to survive in an arduous agricultural market, constantly having to worry about paying back loans, feeding families, and now not burning stubble to clear their land. While it is a dangerous amount of pollution, getting worse each year, it just extends the gap between the government officials and farmers of the nation in another way where producers of these goods feel targeted.
The government has implemented a few tactics to try to stop or incentivize not burning paddy stubble. The government has suggested alternatives, such as organic composting or other biochemical methods, to no avail due to pricing and accessibility. India has outright banned it, however growers of all crops still used it in protest of the government and out of necessity. There have been fines and even jailings because of the burning of it. There was even a rumored 2,400 rupees per acre incentive to all farmers in northern states to stop the burning of these plant remains, which never came to fruition.
To stop this process, tractor-mounted “happy seeders” as they were called have been created and distributed by the Punjab government. It runs on a fossil fuel, diesel, which burns into the air, but is a lot more efficient for less pollution. The only problem, at least for the area of Punjab, is availability and cost. More than double the 24,000 happy seeders would be needed in order to clear all of the land in a timely manner for wheat season, and would cost farmers around 3,000 rupees per acre, more than the government would give the people.
All in all, a greener, more cost effective way to get rid of the rice crop at the end of the season would be most helpful to stop the burning of paddy stubble. The government has tried time and time again to stop workers from doing this, but still persists because of the poor options that they left for the people. The other biochemical options like biochar, turning them into biodegradable objects, and more exist, but need to become cheaper and easier to do, especially in rural India. With the COVID-19 pandemic still in full effect, air quality does matter in keeping all citizens of polluted areas safe. The better, more circulated and clean air is, the better to prevent the spread. If the government can somehow incentivize these more eco-friendly options, make the accessible, and keep up with it, air quality in not only Punjab and Haryana, but also miles away in Delhi will get a lot better for everyone. | agronomy |
https://www.kone-ketonen.fi/history | 2020-10-26T01:11:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107890108.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026002022-20201026032022-00559.warc.gz | 0.949827 | 328 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__182065777 | en | In 1977-1979, Kone-Ketonen’s Managing Director Lauri Ketonen tested the feeding of tree stems, using first a four-roller and later a simple roller feed system. His experiences of the roller feed were extremely good, and after a few years of development work, he introduced the first Keto-100 harvester head in 1983.
Kone-Ketonen Oy was established in Kristiinankaupunki in 1984, and the serial manufacturing of harvester heads equipped with a roller feed system started in 1985. Lauri Ketonen, his wife Maisa Ketonen and two employees made a total of 25 harvester heads per year. At the same time, Lauri Ketonen designed new models, which soon found a ready market.
In 1990, the size of the manufacturing facilities was 600 square metres. Today, the facilities are more than 7000 m2, and the annual production volume is about 200 harvester heads. In the record years of the 2000s, the production was up to 300 heads per year and the 2000th KETO harvester head came out of the production line. Today, Kone-Ketonen exports 80 percent of its products. The 4000th KETO harvester head was sold in summer 2012.
The Company’s product development is systematic and customer oriented. Today, KETO harvester heads are used in dozens of countries on four continents, and Kone-Ketonen gives work to 25 people. In 2014, the Company celebrated its 30th anniversary. | agronomy |
https://www.mauicounty.gov/846/Fertilizer | 2023-12-08T03:21:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00473.warc.gz | 0.948491 | 251 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__200410606 | en | An all-purpose fertilizer 10-10-10 is adequate for most species. Apply at planting time, three months later, and six months thereafter. Use half the dosage recommended for ornamental and pay special attention to native ferns, which are sensitive to strong fertilizers. Use organic composts and aged animal manures instead of chemical fertilizers. In addition, use cinders for providing trace minerals.
A Short History of Native Plants
Native plants were here hundreds of years before the Polynesians inhabited the Hawaiian Islands. They were brought here by birds, or survived the harsh ocean conditions long enough to float here. They are especially adapted to Hawaii's varying soil and environmental conditions. This is why they make prime specimens for a xeriscape garden.
Natives will not thrive on their own, especially under harsh conditions. On the other hand, like any other plant, if you over-water and over-fertilize them, they will die.
Other Helpful Fertilizer Information
Follow the instructions given to you by the nursery you buy the plant from, or from this page. Better yet, buy a book, read it, and learn more about native plants. You will be pleased with the results. | agronomy |
https://unmeant.com/czechrepublic/weekends-have-been-flooded-but-they-are-not-well-filled-novinky-cz | 2019-12-08T10:04:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540508599.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20191208095535-20191208123535-00397.warc.gz | 0.960923 | 754 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__157169628 | en | Farmers had to stop the ongoing grain harvest and rain rape, but the rain definitely helped potatoes, tail and corn. Although probably not for long, because at the end of the week, meteorologists expect tropical thirty.
"Rain during harvest is partly complicated by the harvest, and in some cases it is also necessary to dry the harvest. However, there is a great need for good crop development, which is later harvested, "Real Agricultural Analyst Petr Havel confirmed.
According to him, a typical example is potatoes or corn, for which the holidays are helping. Summer precipitation has a positive impact on many other cultures, such as vines or hops.
"On the other hand, the storms with the city that hit southern Europe are scared of farmers, they can cause great damage to crops, sometimes even completely destroy them. Fortunately, they have fled to the Czech Republic," Havel added.
Water sportsmen are still waiting
Water sportsmen can not enjoy the rain weekend. Flows in the rivers did not change much, at the end of the week the flow levels varied depending on the precipitation intensity.
However, compared to the long-term average in July, they were generally below average, usually between 10 and 60 percent of long-term averages. Due to the expected meteorological situation in the following days, the water levels can be slightly reduced.
Low water level in Elbe in Dresden
PHOTO: Jens Meyer, CTK / AP
Last week, meteorologists measured an average of 18 mm precipitation, equivalent to 98 percent of normal for this period.
In northern Moravia and Silesia, it fell from 10 to 20 mm during the weekend, but in the southern parts of Moravia, it was slightly less than 10 mm precipitation. The situation in Vysočina and southwestern and northern Bohemia was better, up to 30 mm.
Most precipitation, even over 50 mm, fell in the Sumava River. Large drought in the soil profile up to 20 cm continues in Prague and northwest of the capital to ístí nad Labem, further in the regions of Pilsen and Ostrava, where the useful water capacity ranges from 10 to 30, up to 50 percent. Currently, according to the data of the Czech Hydro-meteorological Institute, 60.5 percent of the territory is affected by drought on the ground.
"Regarding the status of surface waters, the current situation in the Vltava River Basin can be assessed as a state of hydrological drought and the rain has only minimal impact on the flows of the past week," confirmed Hugo Roldán, a spokeswoman for the state-owned company Povod Vltavy.
The dams have enough supplies
According to him, the plumbing works Lipno I, Orlík and Slapy are at a level that corresponds to normal working levels prescribed by dispatch cards for the summer period. The collection of surface waters takes place according to the requirements of the users. The accumulation of Svihov in Želivka, the largest in the Czech Republic, is now 95% full.
"The supply of surface waters in water tanks is currently sufficient and can be taken in the required range. We are currently not seeing significant problems in the quality of water in the water reservoirs, "said Roldán.
Groundwater status deteriorated to a very subnormal level in relation to the previous week.
The worsening occurred in the catchment area of Elbe from Orlica to Doubrave, Ottawa, Don Berounka, Opava, Olshe and Ostravice. The level in shallow wells per week in the overall average was generally slightly reduced. | agronomy |
https://www.feelfreefm.com/2020/08/25/agriculture-minister-assures-famers-of-payments-as-they-supply-maize/ | 2020-11-25T19:03:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141184123.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125183823-20201125213823-00673.warc.gz | 0.982402 | 187 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__21890615 | en | The Ministry of agriculture has assured farmers that they will paid their money immediately they supply maize to the food reserve agency.
Speaking in an interview with smooth news agriculture minister Micheal katambo says government through the ministry of finance has already released funds to ensure that farmers are paid immediately the supply maize.
His reaction follows concerns by some farmers over the delay by government to pay them when they supply maize to the food reserve agency. James Soko a farmer from Mteyo village in chief zamane’s area is among the farmers who have expressed concern over the long period the food reserve agency takes to pay farmers for supplying it with maize.
Mr Soko says the system of buying maize on credit by FRA demotivates farmers as they rely on the sale of their produce to meet their daily needs a situation he says has led to farmers preferring to sell their produce to brief case buyers who pay them instantly. | agronomy |
http://www.naturalfashion.com.br/site/historicomissao/?lang=en | 2021-06-12T14:48:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487584018.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210612132637-20210612162637-00635.warc.gz | 0.93808 | 147 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__74522934 | en | Generate dignity and citizenship through the marketing of eco-friendly and socially correct strengthening family farming, and local culture.
Natural Fashion Consortium was founded in April 4th, 2000 with the objective of strengthening the textile and garment of Campina Grande city, to face the fierce competition in the market.
The Consortium Natural Fashion grew and was necessary to create a cooperative, Coopnatural on February 23, 2003, to facilitate the entry of new partners and the increasing commercialization of the products.
The Natural Fashion offers the market: quality, product concept craft, work with family farming and respect to the environment and people.
The collection developed with our cotton brings culture, fashion, taking into account the comfort, health and well being. | agronomy |
https://www.wen-yu.org/pegasus | 2019-12-13T20:29:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540569146.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20191213202639-20191213230639-00297.warc.gz | 0.94056 | 605 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__165000156 | en | Blackbox,3-channel video excerpt
The Nature, 3-channel video excerpt
The Soybean, 3-channel video excerpt
Peak Pegasus, a 229 meter bulk contains some 70,000 tons of soybeans worth more than $20m, first arrived off the coast of China on July 6, 2018. However, the vessel just arrived late for 24 hours. It has been bobbing aimlessly in the Pacific Ocean for a month before finally docked in China by adding $6m tariff.
I have been intrigued by this news that happened as a result of Beijing and Washington’s escalating trade war. A small soybean becomes the reluctant symbol of the consequences of this tit-for-tat trade spat. I start to imagine the news’ details as a modern magic realism story that weaves together many dramatic elements- the lingering uncertainty over the protein-rich cargo’s fate, the skirting contrast between a tiny soybean and gigantic economic cost, the sound of the unpredictable sea, the dark freights with thousands of soybeans waiting to be consumed by humans and animals, and the infinite landscapes of green plants.
What behind the above narrative is an even greater global context- the soybeans are produced by farms living in the mid of the US, the goods are owned by a French agriculture (Louis Dreyfus Company) conglomerate that starts its intercontinental business in 1851, and it will be cooked as a daily dish on Chinese families’ dinner table in rural areas.
I want to visualize my imagination of this modern myth. The 3-channel video installation (in constructing) charts the translation of how a soybean becomes the symbol of the trade war. It synthesizes my narrative, the actual flow of the soybean production-export, and many global inexplicable events contributed by various organizations and societies. The project tries to understand and interpret the dramatic and fleeting characteristics of our times. Meanwhile, I hope the rest of the country could know the dilemma of the remote, extremely small group of people (farmers consist between 1-2% of the US population) is facing, which is also the hope of a local farmer in Iowa.
The three screens present nature (Rousseau and Turner’s nature romanticism), soybean (soybean lands, production, and transportation) and black box (political, economic and globalization machine) respectively. The installation’s philosophical foundation is based on the matrix of modern paradox, namely, we divide the world into two groups –nature (science) and culture (politics) – but at the same time, in our daily lives, we constantly deal with hybrids between these two groups.
I initiated the project this June by doing field research. I was granted an opportunity to participate in the Lakeside Lab Artist Residency program in Milford, Iowa. I was introduced to local farmers connected by the Iowa Soybean Association, which started to help local farmers trade with China 35 years ago. | agronomy |
http://www.pressandguide.com/lifestyles/from-the-potting-shed-growing-a-christmas-cactus/article_78aee0fc-f2af-11e8-b313-0b5df1c7495b.html | 2018-12-19T05:10:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376831334.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219045716-20181219071716-00154.warc.gz | 0.934126 | 685 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__200495738 | en | Recently, I visited English Gardens and spoke with horticulturist David Cooper briefly on the subject of the Christmas Cactus.
He showed me the 4 inch size pot for $5.99 and the 6 inch size pot for $12.99. He also indicated that the larger size Christmas Cactus is due to arrive in mid-week, next week.
The duration of blooming is usually around six weeks in the house, once various conditions are met. The conditions this particular cactus desires is not the arid desert climate that most would think. It hails from Brazil’s tropical rain forest, where they grow on tree branches.
Consequently, this plant only needs watering when the top inch of soil in the pot feels dry to the touch. Soak the soil and allow it to drain through the drainage holes. Then, after water settles, discard the remaining water in the drip pan. A water-soluble fertilizer of 20-20-20 is recommended to flowering plants, during their growth spurt, usually every two weeks, then stop in October.
Because of its rain forest home, this plant likes humidity. One way to create humidity that surrounds the plant is to have a tray of small pebbles of which you can water, surrounding only the base of the pebbles. And set the potted Christmas Cactus on top. The water will evaporate and this benefits the environment around the cactus.
“Temperature and day length provide crucial bloom triggers for the Christmas Cactus,” according to the Chicago Botanic Garden. They explain that flower buds will form if one of the following conditions is met:
•Cool night temperature between 50-55 degrees
•13 hours of constant darkness when temperature is between 55-70 degrees
•15 hours of darkness when temperature is above 70 degrees.
Constant darkness means no light at all, not even a low wattage lamp in the next room. Often, the closet is the ideal night time hangout, but you must remember to bring it out during daytime. During this darkness period in autumn, you do not fertilize. Also, do not over water.
To plan for bloom for Christmas, you have to count backwards eight weeks, which is usually around late October and introduce the darkness routine to the plant. When buds emerge, increase watering, meaning the frequency of watering, not the volume of water. Again, if there is over watering, then the plant’s buds will drop. Even moving the plant around to different locations makes an angry Christmas Cactus. Consequently, when you purchase your plant in the winter, you must have it protected with a bag to avoid exposure to wind and cold on your trip to the car.
After six weeks of flowering in a northern or eastern window, prune back the stems. Resume normal watering and fertilization when new growth appears.
The beauty of these tubular flowers on the Christmas Cactus is a welcome sight in the midst of a dreary cloudy winter. Good luck with your cactus.
Mindy Delano is a lifelong gardener and foodie with a sense of humor and a passion for teaching and sharing her experiences. She is Vice-President and serves as horticulture chair of the Garden Club of Dearborn; she is the recipient of numerous recognition awards regarding her home and garden. | agronomy |
http://www.frassforward.com/frequently-asked-questions/ | 2023-12-04T19:01:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100534.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204182901-20231204212901-00553.warc.gz | 0.906746 | 603 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__88636865 | en | What is frass?
Frass is the solid excrement of insects. It is a very effective natural fertilizer for plants, lawns, gardens and farms. It is nature’s own fertilizer and pesticide, responsible for keeping forests green, and fruits and vegetables safe from harmful pests.
What is Frass Forward?
Frass Forward is a Canadian company dedicated to providing gardening enthusiasts, and farmers with 100% organic insect frass. Our frass is a plant, lawn and garden fertilizer, with no additives or fillers. Frass Forward affords environmentalists the freedom to care for their gardens, vegetables, plants and the planet with a sustainable conscience.
Where does Frass Forward get their frass?
Frass Forward is a division of Entomo Farms, the largest cricket farm of its kind in North America. Entomo Farms collects the cricket frass after harvesting the insects, then processes and packages the frass for distribution. Entomo Farms supplies the growing market for cricket-based protein as a nutritious and ecologically sustainable alternative compared to traditional sources; beef, poultry, soy, and dairy. Entomo Farms together with Frass Forward further reduce the environmental footprint of cricket farming and return key elements back to nature in an ongoing cycle.
How do I use Frass Forward fertilizer?
There are many ways to use Frass Forward fertilizer, much like any traditional fertilizer. You can use Frass Forward fertilizer mixed into your soil media, as a top dress, or in foliar sprays and fertilizer teas. You can also use it in compost teas and in hydroponic systems (with a strainer to keep the solids from clogging your system. See instructions.)
Where is Frass Forward fertilizer produced?
Frass Forward fertilizer is produced in Norwood, Ontario, Canada. Just east of Peterborough.
How does Frass Forward fertilizer benefit plants, gardens and lawns?
Frass Forward benefits plants, gardens and lawns through many amazing organic natural mechanisms. For example, chitin (fibre in the exoskeleton of insects) triggers a plant’s immune response system to defend itself from pathogens and many kinds of pests.
Frass is a natural bloom stimulant, thus helping to produce a higher fruit and vegetable yield, thicker lawns, and healthier plants. Frass helps to promote the formation of compost, as it is a microbial inoculant. It is an important recycler of nutrients in rainforests, and favours plant health.
Can I use Frass Forward Fertilizer Indoors?
Yes, you can use Frass Forward fertilizer safely indoors or outdoors. It’s dry and easy to apply to your container plants.
Can I use Frass Forward fertilizer on herbs?
Yes, Frass Forward fertilizer is very effective for growing herbs. Be mindful when using Frass Forward fertilizer to grow your herbs, as only half the amount is generally required. | agronomy |
https://www.flickdeal.co.nz/products/heart-shaped-cucumber-shaping-mold-garden-vegetable-growth-forming-mould-tool | 2023-11-29T03:03:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00879.warc.gz | 0.932812 | 576 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__312585710 | en | The mold is used for shaping a heart-shaped cucumber that you can plant in your garden. (No special seeds required).
Just place the baby cucumber into mold during mature period, and remove the mold when the cucumber reach full maturity.
Size: 20x6x4cm / 7.87x2.36x1.57"
Weight: approx. 62g
Color: transparent color
Application: cucumber, tomato,carrot, luffa, or etc.
High strength, good pressure resistance, not easy to deform
Can be used repeatedly for 3 to 5 years
Non-toxic to humans or to fruits
1 x Heart-shaped Mold (not include screw)
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can this mold make the fruit into a heart-shaped?
- There are too many fruit types, so we can not make sure the rate of fruit shaping. We suggest you can test two or three fruits to check whether the fruit can be shaped, and then using on a larger scale.
2. How to fix the mold? Does the package come with nut and bolt?
- The mold can be fixed by nuts and bolts as the below picture shown.
- All the molds we sell don't come with the nuts and bolts, but you can find them in local hardware store. We hope this will not inconvenienced you. :)
3. What is the best time to place the fruit into mold? Is there anything else I should do?
- In order to make the fruit into a heart-shaped, you must first start growing the fruit in the same way you would normally. Once the fruit start to show on the vine allow the fruit to grow to about the size of your closed fist. Once the fruit is the correct size you can place the fruit into the mold and use the nuts and bolts to secure the mold. You will allow the fruit to mature inside the mold. Once the fruit has taken the full shape of the mold, usually 60-80 days after planting, it will be ready to remove and eat.
- Try not to open the mold until it is fully grown. You may not be able to get the mold back on if it is taken out early. Make sure the fruit is exposed to the sun and you should rotated it every week or so. This will keep the melon from getting a brown side. 4. There are some water vapor contained in the mold. Will the fruits go bad easily?
- This is a normal situation. The fruit also need to breath. After placing the fruit into mould, there will be a difference in temperature between inside and outside producing water vapor. All the molds are studded with air holes, there is no need to worry that the fruit will decayed in the damp environment. | agronomy |
https://bittongourmet.com.au/blogs/blog/seasonal-menus | 2024-04-15T04:06:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816939.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415014252-20240415044252-00611.warc.gz | 0.966607 | 467 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__39072358 | en | Having fresh produce at my finger tips in the backyard when I was growing up in France, was something I didn’t consider a luxury until now. We had eighty pear, three cherry, one fig, one hazelnut, one raspberry and two apple trees.
Having fresh produce at my finger tips in the backyard when I was growing up in France, was something I didn’t consider a luxury until now. We had eighty pear, three cherry, one fig, one hazelnut, one raspberry and two apple trees. Tomatoes, artichokes, zucchinis and green beans were also a staple in our garden and my two brothers and I had the job of picking the ripe fruit and vegetables for mum to preserve and store in the garage to get us through the unforgiving winter months.
It is considered trendy now to make your own pickles, preserves and jams but for us it was a means of survival in tough times. These days, it’s common for many people to live without a private garden but we are lucky to be living in an area that is big on promoting the small growers who are dedicated to fresh, organic produce. I like to update the Bitton menus with the change of seasons to maximize the flavour of vegetables and fruit when they are at their peak.
Fresh, crisp, green peas and asparagus are amongst my favourite green vegetables and perfectly compliment spring lamb and succulent seafood. You can’t beat dipping crunchy asparagus spears into the vibrant yellow yoke of an organic free range egg and mopping up the rest with a slice of wood fired bread smothered in French butter. So simple yet so perfect.
Another unassuming dish that reminds me of Spring days, gathered around a wooden table on the grass, is mum’s cheese tart and I love serving this with a salad of roasted pear, walnut and rocket. One of the reasons it is so popular is because it is homemade and takes people back to the food their mother or grandmother cooked during their childhood.
The cheese tart is on our new dinner menu which starts today along with the new breakfast, lunch, dessert and kid’s menu. Visit our website to view the latest dishes and we look forward to seeing you at Bitton soon. | agronomy |
https://minecraft.fandom.com/wiki/Potato | 2019-10-15T19:22:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660231.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015182235-20191015205735-00394.warc.gz | 0.948287 | 176 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__169477549 | en | A potato is a farmable food source that was released in Java Edition 1.4.2 and Bedrock Edition Alpha 0.8.0. It is one of the six crops that grows on tilled farmland. Potatoes have three states: Raw Potatoes, Baked Potatoes, and Poisonous Potatoes. When planted, potatoes grow similarly to wheat. To plant potatoes, right click on farmland with a potato in hand since the seed is the potato itself. When potatoes are cooked via a Furnace/Smoker/Campfire, they will turn into baked potatoes.
A fully grown potato plant can drop up to four potatoes, and have a small chance of additionally dropping a poisonous potato. Potatoes have a 0.8% chance of being dropped by a Zombie when it is killed. Potato plants can be found on about 20% of Village farmland plots. | agronomy |
https://pharma-hemp.co.uk/pages/quality-process | 2024-04-16T16:18:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817103.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416155952-20240416185952-00629.warc.gz | 0.915762 | 281 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__61717280 | en | European Certified Hemp Seeds
PharmaHemp™ start by choosing the right seeds to carefully balance the varieties from the list of certified hemp grown in fields in the Pannonian planes of Slovenia and Croatia. PharmaHemp™ is one of the largest growers of certified hemp varieties in the region.
The careful choice of fields and organic farming methods ensure that our hemp is free of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, heavy metals and other environmental pollutants. Special attention is paid to the drying process, where the air temperature never exceeds 35 °C.
PharmaHemp™ operate at higher standards than required by current regulations on CBD / THC which are likely to be strengthened in the near future.
The hemp biomass is cultivated, harvested and handled in compliance with Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) guidelines and the final products are produced and handled in accordance with GMP standards.
Testing & Control
Best Quality Production In-house QC laboratory for cannabinoid profiling which serves to check our critical control point – method will be accredited in Q4 2019 (according to ISO 17025:2017.
3rd party tested means that you can expect the highest quality product with full transparency of content, purity and quality.
- 3rd part testing for profiling, heavy metals, microbiological and pesticides.
- Seed to shelf testing for giving reassurance of strength, quality & purity. | agronomy |
http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1529/2/effects-of-conventional-and-organic-agricultural-techniques-on-soil-ecology | 2023-09-22T23:59:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00771.warc.gz | 0.841641 | 4,944 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__268570025 | en | From Center for Development and Strategy VOL. 2016 NO. 1
Effects of Conventional and Organic Agricultural Techniques on Soil Ecology
Yields, Resources, and Sustainability
The importance of yields cannot be overstated. At the same time, the world is finite and increasing yields through the continued reliance on external chemical fertilizer, pesticide, and water inputs poses growing challenges and issues from a sustainability perspective. Soil is not necessarily an easily renewable resource as it takes a very long time for soil to accumulate (Murck et al, 2013). Most of the inputs that are required for conventional farming are derived from non sustainable sources. Pesticides are derived from fossil fuels and chemical sources, while the concept of peak phosphorus and peak potassium, which is similar to peak oil, poses the question of when the finite resources of phosphorus will be depleted. These issues need to be considered when evaluating the sustainability of agricultural yields in the long run.
Yields from conventional/monoculture agriculture are generally higher than organic agriculture. A quantitative synthesis of studies conducted by Badgley et al (2007) show that yields in organic agriculture were around 8.7% lower than conventional agriculture with a 95% confidence interval based on 138 comparisons. Meanwhile, Kremin & Miles (2012) conclude there is still uncertainty about the comparison between differing yields from organic and conventional agriculture because of a general lack of available studies. This is still an area where more research is needed. Regardless, the large scale tendencies of conventional farming operations result in lowering direct costs of production through achieving economies of scale. However, like other industries, conventional farming has brought about significant costs that have been externalized to society and natural ecosystems. It can take 500 to 10,000 years for one centimetre of topsoil to accumulate depending on climate, biome, and rate of mineral accumulation (Murck, 2013). Soil then, is technically a renewable resource, but not in human lifetimes. To manage any renewable resource, the exploitation cannot exceed regeneration. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has estimated that 24 billion tons of fertile soil are lost each year across the world. This represents $490 billion in lost ecological services in one year. As soil is lost, humanity's capacity to grow food decreases. This is a sobering fact when considering the future demands for food as the world's population grows. Tilman et al. (2002) expect food demand to double by 2050 based on the increasing consumption of calorie and meat intensive diets.
Society and future generations will bear the cost of lost soil resources. But when farmers are working with small profit margins, yields are one of the major factors in determining operational strategy. As such, farmers will be hesitant to adjust their strategies from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture. However, by using net present value analysis, it has been shown that cropping systems in certain areas which are transitioning from conventional to organic are competitive with conventional systems when there is a price premium for organic produce. On organic farms, yields are shown to be smaller for corn, generally but not significantly smaller for wheat and alfalfa, and no significant difference in soybeans. In addition to these marginal decreases in yields, larger investments in production for farm labor, equipment and machinery were necessary on the organic farming systems in this study. The cost savings came from less expenditure on purchased fertilizer and pesticide, and fuel inputs, as well as the cost savings from not tilling the soil (Archer et al, 2007). These studies show that the competitiveness and profitability of organic agriculture systems was dependant on a price premium. The study did not take into account the long term resilience of conventional or organic systems as it was conducted over four years, but shows that, in general, savings from fertilizer, pesticide, and fuels inputs, coupled with revenues from price premiums on organic produce make up for lower yields. This is an important finding which shows the viability of organic farms from an economic cost perspective.
There is an abundance of energy in our present day economies. But as the world economy becomes more energy stressed, energy efficiency will become a more important determinant in agricultural systems. Energy efficiency in agriculture can be analyzed to highlight differences in sustainability. It can also be used to forecast future competitive advantages. As energy becomes less available in the long run, farms that are more energy efficient will have a competitive advantage. Agricultural energy efficiency is calculated as a ratio between yields and total energy inputs. Although yields tend to be lower in organic agriculture systems, energy efficiency is generally higher when indirect costs are taken into account (Dalgaard et al, 2001), (Wood et al, 2006).
Considering time scales is important for analyzing organic and conventional agriculture with respect to yields because of the relatively recent rise and use of pesticides and fertilizers. A long term trial has lasted for 150 years in the Rothamsted Experimental Station in the UK which has looked at the yields for organic wheat for an organic plot using compost and a conventional plot using chemical NPK fertilizers. Nitrogen levels are shown to have increased by 120% in the organic plot over 150 years compared to the conventional plot with an increase of around 20%. Soil organic matter levels were also much higher in the organic plot. The application of compost resulted in increased nitrogen and soil organic matter which are main contributors to higher yields in the organic plot. Yields were 3.45 tons per hectare in the organic plot, compared to 3.4 tons per hectare on the conventional plot (Gomiero et al, 2011). While the yield increase is marginal, the need for external inputs of the organic plot is significantly lower. At the same time higher levels of soil organic matter indicate healthier soils.
The findings from studies at Rothamsted Experimental Station have important implications for the sustainability of agriculture as well as yields. External inputs of pesticides and fertilizers may increase short term gains but when long term sustainability is the goal, soil health is arguably more important than yields. Organic agriculture avoids the use of external inputs of fertilizers and pesticides and is even more effective at improving soil water content and increasing water use efficiency over time (Gomiero et al, 2011).
As the world experiences climate change and becomes more water strained, humanity needs to ensure that soil ecosystems are resilient enough to support agriculture. Successful and resilient agriculture will have the characteristics of yield stability and resource use efficiency facing the adversity of climate change and water and energy shortages. Lotter et al indicate that organic cropping systems under drought conditions had higher yields than conventional systems. Under severe drought conditions organic yields can be 70-90% higher than conventional systems. The mechanism allowing for this is healthy soil that has higher water holding capacity. Furthermore, organically managed systems in the long term were found to have lower yield variability as well as higher cropping system variability (Lotter et al, 2003). When considering the broader scope of organic agriculture, Kremin & Miles (2012) and Gomiero et al (2011) suggest that the benefits of maintaining and enhancing soil ecosystems increases resilience and sustainability of human agricultural systems. Furthermore, the lower productivity that tends to be characteristic of organic agriculture is balanced out by the environmental benefits and reduction of negative externalities.
This paper has demonstrated that soil is a highly complex ecosystem of interactions between minerals, nutrients, bacteria fungi, living plant roots, larger decomposing organisms, decaying organic matter, and also humans and their strategies for achieving high rates of productivity. Conventional/monoculture agricultural strategies that aim to simplify ecosystems in order to achieve high rates of productivity have generally been found to have higher yields but also significant negative effects on soil ecosystems. The use of tilling, pesticides, fertilizers, and homogenous planting systems in conventional agriculture tend to increase yields and profitability but the associated negative effects are too often ignored, unaccounted for, and externalized on society and other ecosystems. When agriculture is analyzed from a holistic approach that considers a wide range of variables beyond just profits and yields, the argument for implementing organic agriculture systems is robust, since conventional agriculture systems are unsustainable in the long run. The findings described in this paper suggest that the the benefits of maintaining and enhancing soil ecosystems through organic agriculture increases the resilience and sustainability of human agricultural systems. Furthermore, the lower productivity that tends to be characteristic of organic agriculture is balanced out by the environmental benefits and reduction of negative externalities. Organic agriculture will become an increasingly important component in providing for humanity's growing food needs in a sustainable manner especially considering the issues of climate change and soil loss.
Franklin Roosevelt said, "The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself." Understanding soil ecosystems and expanding the research area and its findings are important for sustainable agricultural decision making and humanity's future.
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Vitousek, P., Aber, J., Howarth, R., Likens, G., Matson, P., Schindler, D., et al. (1997). Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7(3), 737-750.
Wood, R., Lenzen, M., Dey, C., & Lundie, S. (2006). A comparative study of some environmental impacts of conventional and organic farming in Australia. Agricultural Systems, 89(2-3), 324-348.
Yadav, R., Dwivedi, B., & Pandey, P. (2000). Rice-wheat cropping system: Assessment of sustainability under green manuring and chemical fertilizer inputs. Field Crops Research, 65(1), 15-30. | agronomy |
https://nla.ae/en/web/guest/w/09-11-2021 | 2023-03-29T13:25:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948976.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329120545-20230329150545-00486.warc.gz | 0.928134 | 901 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__214341096 | en | The National Archives launches the book "Zayed, The Saadiyat Miracle" in (Sharjah Book 2021)
The National Archives launches the book "Zayed, The Saadiyat Miracle" in (Sharjah Book 2021) which highlights Sheikh Zayed’s great interest and ingenuity in the field of agriculture, and documents details of the Saadiyat project in 1968
The National Archives launched its latest publication (Zayed The Saadiyat Miracle) through its participating platform in the Sharjah International Book Fair.
The book depicts Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi’s efforts in the agriculture and reclamation of the arid saline lands of Saadiyat Island in 1967, as he recruited and funded some scientists from the University of Arizona to build energy, water, and food facilities on the island; For the production of fresh vegetables, and the use of modern irrigation, and electricity generating, and distillation technologies. The Saadiyat land reclamation project attracted great international interest and attention, and was reported and praised in many scientific journals and books in various languages.
The book begins with Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s memorable qoute: "Give me agriculture, I give you civilization." Followed by the introduction by His Excellency Dr. Abdullah Mohammed Alraisi, Director General of National Archives, where he stressed that Sheikh Zayed invited the University of Arizona’s Research station Director to produce fresh vegetables in controlled environment greenhouses in Abu Dhabi, and Saadiyat was chosen. This project, which started in the fall of 1968, is one of the oldest American projects in Abu Dhabi, and in 1970 the " Arid Land Research Center " erected a prominent sign for the island visitors bearing a wonderful message stating that the center was "established for the people of Abu Dhabi" with a grant to the University of Arizona by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
His Excellency also states in the book’s prologue that the Saadiyat Project is one of many projects initiated and implemented by Sheikh Zayed, proving his ability to make the impossible possible. Whoever contemplates that project realizes that it is a real miracle.
The following seven chapters of the book: First: The emergence of controlled environment agriculture: energy, water and food for desert communities, where the book addresses the environmental research laboratory, the greenhouse development, and the promising gardening experiments’ results. The second chapter: Agriculture in the Emirates in the late 1960s of, sheds light on Abu Dhabi markets, and the vegetables that were sold then.
In the third chapter: “The Beginning of Technology shift,” the author recalls the details of the first visit of Carl Hodges, Director of the Environmental Research Laboratory to the island, and the harsh conditions there, he mentions the three trainees chosen by Sheikh Zayed to accompany Dr. Riley, the Project Manager on a trip to Tucson via the North Pole. they were: Abdullah Saeed Kadas, Hamad Murshid Tamin, and Muhammed Mujren Saif, and provides details on the green-house and its environment, as well as the energy and water production units, etc.
In the fourth chapter: "the research provides a solution to the horticulture challenges" the book enumerates the vegetable varieties and states how they were selected. The fifth chapter: "A bountiful harvest" highlights the project outcome and results. And the sixth chapter: "Eminent Diplomats, Visitors, and Experiences," shows how the Saadiyat project has attracted many diplomats and visitors from the UAE and around the world.
And the last chapter: "The Lasting Impact" shows that Saadiyat project had a great impact and resulted in the UAE and Abu Dhabi development, and in a number of UAE students’ enrollment at the University of Arizona. The project was an inception of new technologies that continued to develop .
The book enriched its valuable information, with many historical photographs, most notably of which was that of Sheikh Zayed’s following the project’s development stages.
Book Title: Zayed, the Saadiyat miracle
Published by: The National Archives, Abu Dhabi, 163 pages (large cut)
Author: Dr. Merle Jensen
Translated by: National Archives | agronomy |
https://backtoeden.com.au/organic-food/ | 2023-12-01T17:22:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00817.warc.gz | 0.935249 | 734 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__188937730 | en | At Back to Eden we’re huge advocates of organic food. We believe an all-organic diet is not only the healthiest, but also the most sustainable way to live.
However, we are also realists. We know there’s more to eating an organic diet than just choosing to. Organic produce is more expensive than conventional produce and can be harder to source, particularly if you lack access to specialty organic stores.
So, we wanted to offer some tips to help you squeeze more organics into your life. While they’ve been collected with newcomers in mind, organic veterans might also learn a thing or two.
1.Eat According to the Season
The most important way to fit more organic food in your diet is to eat with the season.
Conventional farming has made us accustomed to a huge range of produce all of the time. Visit your local supermarket and you can see any fruit or veggie you can think of, regardless of the month.
Eating organic means moving away from this eternal availability. Veteran organic shoppers are skilled at taking advantage of what is naturally available at any given time of year.
This approach is known as Seasonal Eating. Not only is it more sustainable, it’s generally a lot cheaper too. Wondering what’s in season? Check out this easy chart.
2.Buy Organic Fruit and Veg that Lacks a Protective Skin or Peel
One of the big draws of organic food is the absence of pesticides, fertilisers and other toxic chemicals. But, did you know there are also conventional fruits and vegetables that use minimal chemicals? Collectively known as the Clean 15 it includes avocado, cabbage, grapefruit, cantaloupe and cauliflower.
If you’re unable to afford buying only organic food, avoid buying organic versions of the clean 15. Instead, prioritise produce that lacks a protective skin or peel. Think berries, greens, cherries, celery, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes and pears.
3. Be Selective About Where You Eat Out
Reducing the amount you eat out is an easy way to increase organics in your diet. We recommend stocking up on organic ingredients while making cooking and meal planning a priority if possible.
Don’t have time to go shopping yourself? There’s a range of convenient organic delivery services that operate in NSW and Australia.
When you do eat out, try places that use some, or all, organic ingredients. Eateries like As Nature Intended, Ruby Lane Wholefoods and Bistro st Jacques all incorporate quality, organic ingredients into their menus.
4. Start a Veggie Garden
You can’t grow everything you need but a veggie garden is a practical way to supplement your grocery shop. Since you’re growing it, you have complete control over how your plants are cared for and can ensure zero chemicals are used.
Start with staples like potatoes and carrots as well as some simple herbs.
5. Buy Small and Local
Although organic food is becoming common in mainstream supermarkets, the freshest produce will always come from dedicated organic grocers.
Seeking out your local organic co-op or buyers group is another great way to access organic produce. These organisations are dedicated to making organics as accessible as possible, often having access to wholesale prices.
We might be biassed, but our organic outlet in Homebush is a great place to get your organic groceries. It’s our mission to connect consumers like you with the finest, and freshest, in organic and biodynamic produce. | agronomy |
https://www.gscapital.uk/news/blog/why-farmers-are-embracing-solar-wind-and-battery-energy-storage-systems | 2023-12-10T04:33:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101195.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210025335-20231210055335-00727.warc.gz | 0.928346 | 367 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__162194616 | en | As guardians of our land and primary food producers, farmers have always understood the importance of sustainability. In recent years, more and more farmers are turning towards renewable energy solutions - namely, solar and wind energy, as well as battery energy storage systems. Why this shift? It's driven by a blend of economic and environmental factors.
The price of solar and wind technologies has dropped dramatically over the last decade, making them a cost-effective way to meet energy needs. Moreover, these sources offer an extra, passive income to farmers which can help with the increasing costs of farming.
Solar panels can be installed on unused land or land used to graze sheep. This dual usage optimises land productivity, as panels provide shade and shelter for the livestock, while the sheep keep the area under the panels clear of weeds.
Similarly, wind turbines are an effective use of farmland as they have a minimal ground footprint. The space between turbines can be used for growing crops or grazing livestock, allowing farmers to maintain their agricultural activities while generating electricity.
Battery energy storage systems require less land than both solar and wind, being compact and efficient. Despite their smaller size, they play a critical role in storing surplus energy generated by solar panels and wind turbines. This stored energy can then be used during periods of low renewable energy generation, ensuring a reliable, continuous power supply.
From an environmental perspective, adopting renewable energy aligns with the farming community’s stewardship ethos. It reduces carbon footprint, contributing to global efforts to fight climate change and helping to conserve non-renewable resources.
Farmers' adoption of solar, wind, and battery storage systems highlights a future-focused strategy - one that nurtures both the economy and the environment. It is a powerful testament to their adaptability and commitment to sustainable growth for future generations. | agronomy |
http://dames.co.nz/packing.htm | 2024-02-28T13:09:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474715.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228112121-20240228142121-00054.warc.gz | 0.91505 | 101 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__171280375 | en | is the end of the growing stages but the beginning of the product
life. We have keen eye for detail and aim to bring our fruit
into cool chain environment immediately after harvest from the
we are packing fruit grown from only from our own orchards we are
able to pack specific customer orders using our exacting standards.
packhouse staff are fully accredited as phytosanitary inspectors
which allows us to pack product for many different market types
using Just in Time inventory management. | agronomy |
http://www.angimex-kitoku.com.vn/en-US/japonica-rice-production | 2024-04-17T00:22:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817112.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416222403-20240417012403-00495.warc.gz | 0.889259 | 529 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__63968154 | en | An Giang – a fertile alluvial soil, bringing a bumper rice crop to supply high quality rice in domestic and export.
JAPONICA RICE PRODUCTION
With favorable climate, fertile land, Angimex-Kitoku Limited Company (AKJ) selected An Giang province as production area of Japonica paddy to produce high-quality products from the field.
AKJ has signed the farming contracts with hundreds of farmers in the province to collect all paddy quantity and create favorable conditions for farmers to produce, cultivate, feel secure about the product's output and get stable income.
Every year AKJ carries out growing thousands of hectares of Japonica paddy in communes, wards of Long Xuyen city, Thoai Son district, Chau Thanh district, Tri Ton district,...
Now AKJ is continuously expanding the growing area, increasing production and improving product quality.
AKJ always assigns staffs to the production areas to instruct the farming techniques of Japonica paddy for farmers to achieve the best results.
Every year, AKJ performs experimental growing trial in An Giang province and encourages farmers to learn advanced farming method from the experimental rice fields. Since then, farmers can apply these new methods to their rice fields to achieve high yield and quality as well as meet the export market demand of high quality rice.
Every year, AKJ co-operates Farmers' Association of An Giang province to hold Farming Meeting. Taking this opportunity, AKJ evaluates achievement of previous year, rewards good Japonica rice farmers and gives information about next crops.
Company was rewarded due to contribution for An Giang province’s development
Company rewarded good Japonica rice farmers
AKJ also organizes friendship soccer matches to relax, exchange, keep cooperation relation more stable among AKJ, Farmers’ Association of An Giang province and Japonica rice farmers.
Some basis farming processes of Japonica paddy as below:
1/ Preparing land
Making field clean, weeding, removing rice aftergrowth and pests in the field before sowing and transplanting. Plowing to make the smooth and flat field surface for good development of seeds.
By drum seeder
3/ AKJ staffs work with farmers in the fields:
4/ Paddy growth
Cutting paddy by hands and being tied in bundles
Bringing paddy home:
Transporting paddy to AKJ | agronomy |
https://montanaestatelawyer.com/the-2014-farm-bill-expired-now-what/ | 2023-09-24T09:47:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506632.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924091344-20230924121344-00625.warc.gz | 0.961459 | 329 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__280934344 | en | The Farm bill covers the country’s agricultural funding, conservation efforts, and food aid. Congress passes a new farm bill every five years. The five-year timeline is triggered by sunset provisions (expiration dates) for specific programs contained in the previous bill.
On September 30, 2018, the 2014 Farm Bill expired and Congress has not yet passed an extension for the 2014 Bill. Without an extension for the 2014 previsions, the federal price supports revert to the 1949 levels. Basically, this means wheat and dairy would still be supported, but soybean would not as they were not included in the 1949 legislation.
This lapse does not affect crop insurance as its funding is authorized under the Federal Crop Insurance Act.
However, conservation programs and other incentive programs such as specialty crops and trade assistance may be at risk. For example., until either an extension or a new bill is passed, FSA will not approve, process, or authorize any CRP contracts, including processing extensions on expiring CRP contracts. Additionally, the Land and Water Conservation Fund and federal matching for statewide agricultural groups also expired October 1st.
While there is some talk of passing an extension to cover the gap, it appears Congress will wait until after the mid-term elections on November 6th to re-engage in negotiations. While this does not amount to a crisis yet, it does add uncertainty for planting decisions that must be made soon. If Congress fails to pass a new bill during the lame-duck session after the mid-term elections, there may be additional reason to worry.
We’ll keep you posted. | agronomy |
https://heliotrust.org/2013/02/20/ted-hutten/ | 2020-09-30T05:46:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402118004.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200930044533-20200930074533-00722.warc.gz | 0.976027 | 1,883 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__160637336 | en | Last January, David and I went to visit Ted Hutten at his farm. Ted is a farmer we really admire because he works hard, grows a lot of wonderful food, and he has such a unique sense of humour!! He is well known at the Halifax Farmer’s Market where he has a busy stall all year. He’s been selling there for years, building up a very loyal customer base, along with a loyal group of people working for him.
We found him in his greenhouse working – of course. He is always working. He still works 100 hours a week for 8 months of the year. He didn’t say how many hours he works during the other 4 months of the year, but knowing Ted, it is likely only slightly less than 100 hours.
Ted showed us what was growing in his greenhouses and coldframes. He runs a 100 member full-year CSA. January to March is a challenging time to provide a good variety of items in the CSA box. Pea shoots and micro greens were growing in trays. He is making sure his customers get something green in their box even though it is freezing cold outside with snow on the ground. The micro greens were growing in a greenhouse heated with wood generated from pruning his orchard. Ted launched right into a discussion of a problem with the micro greens.
A quick aside. A farmer needs to know how to effectively solve problems. David and I are constantly in problem-solving mode or problem-avoidance mode on our farm. So for us, watching other farmers ‘take us along’ as they discuss and tackle a problem is useful for our own problem-solving. Even more than just learning about the solution. And Ted is a delight because I think he really likes to engage with challenges.
Here is Ted explaining in his rapid-fire style what is going on.
“I had problems with the plants [micro greens] dying and I thought it was damping off … but I had Viliam Zvalo (a horticultural expert) and he said …that I had added a little bit of soluble fertilizer, trying to give me a little more growth and the salts were high and it was causing pythium* which is in peat moss soil which affects the plants. … Fertility is an issue, in the wintertime especially. The uptake is a bit of an issue. Last year, I would pick a flat, like this. A 28- or 30-day-old flat that is ready to be picked. That’s what I’m selling, typically, and when I cut it last year, all of the cotyledon leaves were yellowing, so I had a 7-day shelf-life on the micromix but about a 2-day shelf life on the cotyledon leaves with slime… It’s a combination of density, and I have to have a relatively high density or I can’t make money, so when the density was a bit too high I was getting insufficient fertility and cotyledon leaf yellowing and that was causing the quality issue after two or three days in the bags. It’s a tough go, this is a very tough go to make money at this. I’m now convinced I’m not going to make any money at it but I think it’s good for my business to do it and I will continue to do it because it gives me a leafy product. We’ve had spinach every week, we’ve had arugula, we’ve had mache steady through the winter but we’re running really low, we’re basically out of those crops now and they won’t kick on again until late February when the daylength is substantially longer so this gives me a green offering for my CSA boxes and for the market customers- which helps sell apples and carrots- that’s the only reason I do it, and because I like it, it’s challenging.”
Ted continues: “What I do is, every day, I put this fan in- I plug it in for an hour each day after I water- I won’t now, because it’s noisy, but that will hopefully dry out the foliage and that helps to prevent fungal disease.”
Ted then asked David if he grew micro greens.
David: “Yeah, I used the mushroom-based compost, though.”
Ted: “Yeah, I’ve used mushroom compost.”
David: “Did you have disease too?”
Ted: “I use mushroom compost for all my seedlings only using mushroom compost as fertility, which eliminated all the fungal diseases.”
Ted: “All my pathogens were like these black moulds on the bottom of spring bok choys, like Shanghai choy, all of them, even Tatsoi. They get big and even the lettuces get that basal rot on the bottom, that soft rot and as soon as I used mushroom compost, it eliminated it 100% and Valley Mushroom said that it’s a combination of things and that the mushroom is so strong that it overpowers the other damaging fungi. Really interesting. I have not tried to grow this [micro greens] in mushroom compost, you’ve got me on to something now, though. Maybe I should be incorporating mushroom compost into my soil.”
Cool! Fight fungal disease with mushroom compost.
David: “Leonard North of Valley Mushroom told me about a University of Pennsylvania study where they trialed all these different seedling media, including peat moss and mushroom compost with some sort of lightening agent and the mushroom compost was far superior to everything else.”
Ted: “Yeah, but you can’t grow in mushroom compost alone.”
David: “I’m sorry- peat moss and mushroom compost with sand or vermiculite.”
Ted: “That would give you a balance.”
David: “That’s what I use for soil blocks- two parts mushroom compost, two parts peat moss, one part sand.”
Later in the conversation, Ted mentioned that Viliam Zvalo told him not to plant winter lettuce until late February, which is what he did the previous year, because of insufficient daylength. When there isn’t enough light, lettuce stems become elongated, making them susceptible to disease problems.
With every little disease or pest problem, growers have to put together a number of different, interacting solutions. If the problem is a mould disease, it could be about air circulation, day length, soil medium, fertility, density… Or all of them. On top of that are the marketing issues, and whether money can be made on the crop or not.
Ted came by our farm today (March 4 2013) and gave us an update. He said he can actually make money on the micro greens. He is now using mushroom compost as the base for his soil medium. No problem with disease now. He suggested that might also be a function of longer day length at this time of year. In March the day-length is so much better than in January.
Ted showed us his barn and how he stores and prepares vegetables for the CSA boxes every week. The barn is a beautiful huge wooden structure located across the road from Ted’s house and greenhouses. We talked about farmers markets and CSAs and labour strategies for the family farm. We talked about how to make equipment decisions and when it makes sense to mechanize. What really caught David’s attention was the way Ted handles kale.
Kale is a very popular crop these days, especially in January when there is very little local green product at the market. In the fall, Ted continues to harvest Kale into the winter until the first big snowstorm. He harvests the whole plant including the stock, since a heavy snow would rip the kale leaves off the stalk. Ted packs the kale plants into apple bins, and keeps them in the barn in an above-grade room where they freeze. One at a time he brings the bins into his barn basement, where it is above freezing, strips them and packs them into poly bags and sells them at market.
*From Wikipedia: Pythium is also known as water mould. Pythium-induced root rot is a common crop disease. When the organism kills newly emerged or emerging seedlings it is known as damping off, and is a very common problem in fields and greenhouses. This disease complex usually involves other pathogens such as Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. Pythium wilt is caused by zoospore infection of older plants leading to biotrophic infections that become necrotrophic in response to colonization/reinfection pressures or environmental stress, leading to minor or severe wilting caused by impeded root functioning. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythium] | agronomy |
http://www.winterhillfarm.com/csa/ | 2013-05-25T22:44:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706470197/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121430-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.96897 | 503 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__133132744 | en | We grow a diversity of vegetables and flowers seasonally here at Winter Hill, which we sell on farm and through our CSA program. CSA stands for Community Supported Agriculture, and is a model of direct marketing which benefits both the farmer and the customers. Subscribers pay the farmer in advance, and then receive a weekly share of fresh products from the farm during the specified season. Subscribers are supporting farmers regardless of what happens during the season; some years may see a bumper crop of tomatoes, and other years blight may knock out the tomato harvest altogether. In addition to receiving fresh, delicious products (and eating well all season), subscribers get the added benefit of truly knowing their farmer and where their food comes from. To learn more, check out this ATTRA publication.
About Winter Hill Farm’s CSA subscription
Our CSA baskets will be available from early/mid-June through sometime in October each year. We are also able to offer a summer seasonal share (June through labor day)for folks that are only able to enjoy Maine for the summer season. We will offer a lot of diversity, but not so much that your head spins trying to figure out how to use vegetables you have never heard of! Every week we include at least 8 items, some repeats from the previous week but also new items from week to week. We only offer one size at this time. This basket provides enough vegetables to feed a typical omnivorous family of 2-4. We also have options for additional products, all produced here on the farm- eggs, milk, yogurt, cheese, and flowers. CSA members have the option of adding itmes for wholsale prices. Check out the application for details. NOTE: we are currently accepting applications for the 2013 season!!! Download your application and get it in soon to secure a spot.
What you can expect
To give you a sense of what might be available throughout the season, we have created this chart:
Payment for the full season, 20 weeks, is $500. Summer seasonal baskets June through labor day are $300. What a steal! This is considerably less than you would pay for the same items separately at the farmers market. We understand that not everyone can pay this full price upfront. We are willing to discuss payment options on a case by case basis. To sign up, please download the application, print, fill out and send it in with your payment. Feel free to contact us with any questions. | agronomy |
https://ecolres.hu/en/projektek/the-effect-of-landscape-on-the-distribution-of-insect-pollinators/ | 2023-09-30T23:01:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510730.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930213821-20231001003821-00125.warc.gz | 0.876539 | 249 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__166877652 | en | The effect of landscape on the distribution of insect pollinators
Megvalósítás alatt lévő/Futó projekt
The loss of insect pollinators has become a severe problem. The EU-funded Happybee project analyses the relationship of pollinating insects to small-scale and large-scale agriculture, proximity to forests and crop type, and reviews the frequency of different species. The researcher seeks to understand the movement and orientation of pollinators in the agricultural landscape through homing experiments. He also examines the turnover and growth rate of bumblebee colonies and the Queen’s breeding cells and pollen baskets with the help of DNA metabarcoding. Using a combination of agro-ecology, movement ecology, and landscape ecology methods, we can gain insight into pollinators’ distribution, fitness, movement and food production. The results can be helpful for both farmers and decision-makers and can help increase the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes in promoting biodiversity. The postdoctoral fellowship also includes research work at the Zoological Institute of the Universität für Bodenkultur in Vienna, headed by Professor Thomas Frank. | agronomy |
https://www.myrtlebeachgolftrips.com/news/gimme-golf-podcast-episode-33-architect-craig-schreiner-the-renovation-of-pine-lakes-country-club/ | 2024-04-16T01:18:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817036.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416000407-20240416030407-00237.warc.gz | 0.912409 | 181 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__98218549 | en | MyrtleBeachGolfTrips.com ambassador Meredith Kirk and golf writer Chris King is joined by golf course architect Craig Schreiner who is overseeing the renovations at Pine Lakes Country Club. Exciting changes include restoring the greens to their original size with Sunday Bermudagrass, renovating every bunker on the course with an eye on improving drainage, playability and returning Pine Lakes to a more natural look. Get an inside look at these exciting renovations at Myrtle Beach’s first golf course on episode #33 of the Gimme Golf Podcast powered by MyrtleBeachGolfTrips.com
Related Myrtle Beach Golf Packages
Your perfect Myrtle Beach golf package is right here, including the courses you want to play. These four packages should be a perfect fit for you, or you can browse all the golf packages at the Guaranteed Best Rates right here. | agronomy |
http://www.marcozito.com/work/390/ | 2023-12-08T09:41:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100739.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208081124-20231208111124-00827.warc.gz | 0.938385 | 142 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__213354657 | en | Reproduction of tools following different guidelines, each one different from the other and which recall the rural tradition, through the use of industrial production technologies. “Orto” however is a tool destined to be used for domestic purposes and for a small harvest. It is made of wood and such material highlights the ancient nature of the object in question; it can also be made of glass fibre and just like an ordinary fishing rod it is provided with the telescope-like mechanism. Its mechanical small hand-shaped component is used to strip the fruit from its stalk, thus letting the fruit fall into a small collection net.
More selected projects
VAT/P.IVA — 02948270273 | agronomy |
https://www.texascooppower.com/texas-stories/focus-on-texas/focus-on-texas-harvest | 2019-05-24T21:45:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257767.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524204559-20190524230559-00389.warc.gz | 0.931334 | 171 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__37141543 | en | Alan Kirby, Cherokee County EC: Kirby, his wife, Rebecca, and the 1959 John Deere he inherited. “I have been growing gardens my entire life in Cherokee County. This was my best year ever. I had a 21-pound return for each pound of seed potatoes planted.”
Web Extra: Susan Horn, Pedernales EC: “Due to the deer population in western Travis County, it’s hard to grow a legit vegetable garden. I grew these tomatoes in a hanging basket.”
We planted the seed with our readers, and now it’s time to reap the harvest. We’re willing to bet the farm that this crop of photos shows Texans what we bring to the table. Now, let’s plow ahead and see what your part of the state yields. | agronomy |
https://allenbrowne.blog/category/condemning/ | 2018-12-14T22:26:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376826354.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214210553-20181214232553-00552.warc.gz | 0.971876 | 175 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__138496036 | en | Open Matthew 13:24-43.
Jesus told some funny stories. The farmhands find weeds in the wheat field, so they ask if they should pull out the weeds. The farmer says, “I sowed good seed, so our enemy must have come and planted the weeds while we were all asleep.” Never in my life have I met a farmer who would jump to that conclusion!
Even funnier is the farmer’s response, “Nah! Leave all the plants growing in the field. We’ll sort them out at harvest time. If I let you lot pull out the weeds, you’ll pull out some of my wheat as well.”
There is no way Jesus could get a position at agricultural college if he gives that advice to his students. Why would he dream up such a story? | agronomy |
http://www.brentwoodsheepfarmsuffolk.com/about-us/ | 2018-02-25T21:45:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891817437.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225205820-20180225225820-00208.warc.gz | 0.973253 | 384 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__200589913 | en | My name is Kate Callahan, and my husband, John Moore, and I are the proud owners of Brentwood Farm here in Suffolk, Virginia.
After successfully getting 3 kids graduated through school, we went on a well-deserved trip to grand ole Ireland. We never suspected how life changing that would be. So, my husband and I decided to put our house up for sale and move to our wonderful 28-acre farm.
Brentwood Farm began with a mission to respectfully raise earth friendly grass fed lamb. We purchased our first 3 sheep (Felicity, Lilley and Maude) in March of 2012. Now, our once small farm has grown to over 60 sheep, with the goal to reach capacity of 30 producing ewe and 100 lambs a year. This will provide our community with healthy pasture raised lamb and beautiful wool roving.
With the hopes of adding a wonderfully versatile plant to our farm, we started growing lavender in 2014. We now have fresh and dried lavender bundles seasonally available as well as our all natural body products, the Wooly Ewe all natural body care line.
We are having a great time learning our new farm life. Both John and I began this venture with no farming influence. We have a great community around us that has helped us to navigate this new world, along with many long evenings reading (days are full of doing) and lots of trial and error. My father, who was raised on a farm in upstate New York, has been invaluable with his wealth of knowledge and creativity for a variety of projects.
We really look forward to the continual growth we are experiencing. I would like to give a special thanks to all those that have been a part of this amazing adventure. My husband and I find ourselves happier than we could ever have imagine as we move forward in our grace filled life here at Brentwood Farm. | agronomy |
http://uptoncastle.co.uk/Cafe.html | 2024-02-27T04:07:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474670.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227021813-20240227051813-00182.warc.gz | 0.909858 | 120 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__29441185 | en | To do our bit to preserve both the local and global environment, ecological considerations guide our efforts to minimize waste and emissions. This includes the omission of fizzy drinks and the reduction of prepackaged food items.
Organic and homegrown or locally grown produce first, always.
We only buy products that can be grown in the UK climate. This means UK vegetables, dairy, meat, and even flours.
Where this is not possible, we make the most environmentally-conscious choice possible. Here we consider emissions resulting from both farming methods and transportation to reach Pembrokeshire. | agronomy |
https://ministryofthefence.me/2014/10/03/8-ways-youll-know-its-bulb-time/ | 2023-05-30T23:29:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646181.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530230622-20230531020622-00414.warc.gz | 0.941731 | 413 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__211517550 | en | When’s a good time to plant flower bulbs in the fall for a good show come next spring? Heaps of bagged bulbs are appearing everywhere from garden nurseries to grocery stores so you’d figure that now, now, now is the best time. But there isn’t actually that much of a rush here in Southern Ontario. I’ve planted bulbs as late as mid-November and had great results the following year. Still, some idea of the ideal time would make plunking the things into the ground seem a little less of a gamble.
The folks at Colorblends, an American flower bulb wholesaler, thought so, too. They know that the simple answer is “once your soil temperature reaches about 55 degrees Fahrenheit.” That’s about 12 degrees Celsius. “But who knows what their soil temperature is?” asked Tim Schipper of Colorblends. So he surveyed his customers, many land care professionals, to share “natural indicators” that let you know when to start digging in those bulbs. Here’s a fun sampling of the results. When you see these things happening in your garden, you know it’s time.
- Fall foliage has moved just past peak.
- Crickets no longer chirp.
- Squirrels are digging in acorns as fast as they can.
- Birds start to group and depart.
- You start turning on the heat in your car.
- The air smells of wood fires.
- The hostas start to lie down.
- The dog moves from a cool to a sunny spot in the yard.
2 thoughts on “8 ways you’ll know it’s bulb time”
Pingback: Ministry of the fence Spring planting cues from crocuses, dandelions and maple leaves
Pingback: Bulb planting: Hurry up and wait (with or without the lawnmower) | Rhymes with Linnaeus | agronomy |
https://millingsystems.com/p/88222/wheat-milling | 2021-07-24T01:36:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150067.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20210724001211-20210724031211-00486.warc.gz | 0.884152 | 141 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__131487535 | en | Shamrock Milling Systems offers expert knowledge in the design, procurement, erection and commissioning of wheat milling plants. As per exact requirements, we can supply complete new plants or a combination of new and used equipment. We offer specialist knowledge in the design of mill aspiration systems, mill pneumatic conveying systems and pressure pneumatic blowlines.
Our difference is the application of modern technology coupled with years of practical experience to produce trouble free milling plants. Investing in a Shamrock Milling Systems designed wheat mill pays off very quickly and gives you a competitive advantage. Shamrock Milling Systems built wheat mills can be found across South Africa.
2009 Dismantling mill in Australia | agronomy |
https://www.better-industry.com/News/48l-co2-extraction-machine | 2023-12-10T07:56:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101282.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210060949-20231210090949-00053.warc.gz | 0.878974 | 147 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__108830633 | en | 48L CO2 EXTRACTION MACHINE
This 48L CO2 EXTRACTION MACHINE was customer-made and it was delivered to Vancover.
Power:Because the power was 220V-3phase-60hz，so customer equiped a diesel generator as power supplier.
Application:Customer use it to process Cannabis. ALso it can be used to deal with agarwood, seeds, flowers, etc.
Efficiency:It works 2 hour per batch,usually you can start collecting products after 30 minutes.Under proper operation, it can work at least 20 years.
Safty: It has a high pressure protection device, so there will not exist satety problem. | agronomy |
https://pittsburgh.madscience.org/parents-details-a.aspx?regItemSessionID=309467 | 2020-01-21T08:05:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250601628.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121074002-20200121103002-00464.warc.gz | 0.89662 | 155 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__23769627 | en | Grow with H2O: Just in time for Spring! In this program, your Mad Science instructor will guide your class on a botanical journey! Students will engage in a long-term project to grow plants and learn about the parameters necessary for plant growth using our Aeroponics system. First, we’ll take a look at some sensational seeds and begin our journey when we plant on day one. Then, we’ll watch our plants grow over the next few weeks as we learn about plants, pollination, and why we eat what we eat!
*Children MUST be current students at the school in order to participate. Exceptions may be made on a case by case basis- please give us a call before signing up if you are interested. | agronomy |
http://recipe4all.com/recipe/COOKING-WITH-THE-PRICKLY-PEAR-CACTUS-1453/ | 2023-03-26T11:21:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945472.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326111045-20230326141045-00293.warc.gz | 0.928825 | 508 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__28737801 | en | The prickly pear cactus plant grows wild throughout the southern region of Arizona where the air is warm and dry. It produces large, green, succulent pads that bear plump, juicy fruits in the late summer months.
for centuries. The pads are picked from the cactus but nust be handled with care; the hairlike spines that project from the pads can easily get caught in your skin.
Cactus pads are found in most Mexican markets. It is better to choose the smaller and thicker deep-green pads because they are the most tender. Usually fresh cactus pads ar esold whole. For convenience, however, they may also be purchased in jars already diced and even precooked in their natural juices.
To clean the whole pads, hold them with a kitchen towel and remove the spines and rounded outside edge of the pads with a small paring knife or vegetable peeler.
PRICKLY PEAR FRUITS
Traditionally, prickly pear fruits are harvested in late summer. A brush made from wild grass is used to remove their fine, hairlike prickers and soft spines. To remove the prickers in a more conventional way, hold the fruit with metal tongs under cold running water and scrub the prickers off with a vegetable scrubbing brush.
When selecting fruits from the marketplace, be careful to choose those that are soft but not overripe. The may range in color from greenish-yellow to bright red, the latter being the ripest and best to eat. If the spines have not been removed, be careful when handling the fruits; the spines are small and difficult to remove from your hands. If only green fruits are available, store them at room temperature until they ripen to red.
To extract the juice from the fruits, wash them thoroughly under cold running water, cut off the ends, and cut in half lengthwise. Place then in a food processor and puree to a fine pulp. Press the pulp through a fine sieve, using a wooden spoon or spatula to remove the seeds, which should be discarded. Use the juice according to recipe instructions. Twelve prickly pears make approximately 1 cup ofjuice.
Your COOKING WITH THE PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS is ready. Buon appetito!
Related recipes: Info
Season specials: Easter Recipes, Passover Recipes, Christmas Recipes, Season Recipes, Xmas Recipes | agronomy |
http://www.yourlifetodaymagazine.com/RaisedBeds.php | 2017-06-24T08:49:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320243.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624082900-20170624102900-00450.warc.gz | 0.927429 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__233255111 | en | If you love garden-fresh vegetables but dread tilling the hard soil in the spring and bending to pull weeds throughout the hot summer, a raised bed might be the answer. (The beds are also helpful when trying to keep rabbits out of your garden.)
Many home improvement stores now carry raised bed kits.
Raised beds with legs are great for anyone with pain or mobility issues. As long as they are built to the appropriate height, wheelchairs can fit conveniently underneath.
Raised beds help overcome many of the challenges of conventional gardening, making gardening accessible for all!
Click here for more simple gardening ideas. | agronomy |
http://healthtourismofiran.com/destinations-shiraz/ | 2021-08-01T04:19:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154158.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801030158-20210801060158-00129.warc.gz | 0.948138 | 122 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__213179233 | en | Shiraz is the birthplace of mystic, romantic and poetic thoughts. Some historians believe that Shiraz means “Center of Good Grapes”. Shiraz has beautiful weather on most days of the year, it is peaceful and soulful and its veins are filled with life. This fact makes the journey to this city always memorable.
Lemon Juice and Verjuice
Unripe grape and lemon with the best quality are grown in the gardens around Shiraz. Many of these unripe grapes and juicy lemons are transformed to verjuice and lemon juice with the traditional procedure. | agronomy |
https://icabr.net/icabr-2020/general-information-for-prospective-participants/ | 2023-12-11T05:29:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103558.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211045204-20231211075204-00060.warc.gz | 0.931177 | 1,324 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__30672668 | en | Accelerating Bioeconomy Growth Through Applied Research and Policy Change
24th ICABR Conference
The annual conference of the International Consortium of Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR) is also in Kenya and the United States. This is the first time it will be in Latin America, recognizing the region as one of the most dynamic regions in the field of bioeconomy.
The leading researchers in the field of bioeconomy from Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas to present the latest findings on the impacts of Bioeconomy and key technologies, to analyze and debate the policies that have been tried and provide policy options for the future. This is a very useful and effective network of people who are creating fruitful collaborations with the local academic sector.
International Consortium on Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR), Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries of Argentina are collaborating to organize this conference.
Leadership of the government of Argentina and IICA and the location of the meeting in Cordoba, Argentina I will be able to
“Brigadier General Juan Bautista Bustos” Convention Center .
As of January 2020, Ruben is a Sr. Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) based in Washington DC; and a Research Associate (non-resident) at the Latin-American Center for Rural Development (RIMISP) based in Santiago, Chile. Ruben is Director General Emeritus of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) based in Cali, Colombia. He led CIAT from 2009 to 2019 and in 2019 promoted the creation of the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. In the mid-2000s Ruben was Executive Director of the Science Council of the CGIAR, based at FAO Rome. He worked in agricultural, environmental and rural development issues for more than a decade at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in Washington, D.C. where he led the creation of FONTAGRO. In the late 1980s he worked on agricultural research policy issues and strengthening national research capacities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, based at the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) in The Hague. As part of his Ph.D. thesis, he conducted field research based at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico. Ruben studied Agronomy at the University of Uruguay (B.Sc.) and Agriculture Economics at the University of Minnesota (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) with special emphasis on the economics of technical and institutional change.
Ruben has received leadership management training (Harvard, IMD) and belongs to several professional associations (IAAE, AIARD, EARN). He chaired the International Advisory Board of the Latin-American Center for Rural Development (RIMISP) for more than a decade. He is currently the Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Catalan Institute of Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Spain.
Brian Staskawicz, Innovative Genetics Institute, Scientific Director of Agriculture and Professor at UC Berkeley, is a newly elected Foreign Member of the Royal Society, the oldest national scientific institution in the world.
Staskawicz has made seminal contributions to the understanding of infection strategies of plant pathogens and defense mechanisms of plants. These include the cloning the first pathogen effector gene and cloning and characterizing one of the first plant NLRs (Nod-like receptors). Staskawicz and his colleagues also played a major role in establishing Arabidopsis as a model system to study the molecular basis of microbial recognition by plants and genetically dissect defense signaling pathways.
He currently leads IGI’s agricultural research program area and runs several IGI projects in his own lab, which include genome editing to improve crop performance, understand plant immunity, and more. Staskawicz is also a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and has been elected as a Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society and a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.
Dr. Máximo Torero Cullen is the Assistant Director-General, Economic and Social Development Department (ES) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) since January 2019. Prior to joining FAO, he was the World Bank Group Executive Director for Argentina, Bolivia, Chile Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay since November 2016 and before the Bank Dr. Torero led the Division of the Markets, Trade, and Institutions at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). His major research work lies mostly in analyzing poverty, inequality, importance of geography and assets (private or public) in explaining poverty, and in policies oriented towards poverty alleviation based on the role played by infrastructure, institutions, and on how technological breakthroughs (or discontinuities) can improve the welfare of households and small farmers. His experience encompasses Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia.
Dr. Torero, a national of Peru, holds a Ph.D. and a Master’s Degree in Economics from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of the Pacific, Lima, Peru. He is a professor on leave at the University of the Pacific (Perú) and an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at University of Bonn, Germany and has also published in top journals (QJE, Econometric Theory, AER-Applied Microeconomics, RSTAT, Labor Economics and many other top journals).
Dr. Torero has received in 2000 the Georg Foster Research Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, won the Award for Outstanding Research on Development given by The Global Development Network, twice, in 2000 and in 2002 and received the Chevalier de l’Ordre du Mérite Agricole in 2014.
Prospective participants are encouraged to propose papers, symposia, or posters in any area of applied bioeconomy research. Economists and other social scientists, biologists, policy makers, companies and students are encouraged to apply. The organizers are interested in proposals from Africa, China, India, the rest of Asia and Europe as well as the Americas.
Proposals shall be submitted in any topic related to the Bioeconomy. Click here to see the call for abstracts. | agronomy |
https://www.decantalo.se/en/codorniu-anna-blanc-de-blancs-reserva.html | 2023-12-06T04:44:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00534.warc.gz | 0.90344 | 434 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__83416312 | en | D.O. Cava (Catalonia)
Anna de Codorníu Blanc de Blancs Reserva is a cava brut from the D.O Cava produced by the Codorníu winery. This cava is a blend of 4 different grape varieties: chardonnay, parellada, xarel.lo and macabeo.
The grapes used to make this cava come from different areas, depending on the variety. The chardonnay grapes come from vineyards near Lleida, in the D.O Cava zone that is home to a continental climate. The other 3 varieties come from various vineyards in the Penedès region, that also are in the D.O Cava.
The harvest is carried out the moment that each grape variety has achieved optimal ripeness. On arrival at the winery, the grapes are destemmed and pressed to obtain the musts, which are then fermented with the addition of selected yeasts at a controlled temperature of 15º -17ºC.
Following this, the different varieties are blended and the resulting wine is bottled with the ´liquer de tirage´. The bottles of Anna de Codorníu Blanc de Blancs Reserva are then stored underground where, at a constant temperature of 17ºC, a second fermentation takes place carried out by ageing for 15 months on its lees.
Finally, the undergoes the disgorging process, where the sediments from the second fermentation are removed. Before bottling, a certain amount of liquer de expedición is added to compensate for the loss of liquid during disgorging.
Codorníu is one of the leading wineries of the D.O Cava. The relationship of the family with the vineyard dates back to 1659. It is a large scale winery that produces large quantities of bottles without neglecting the quality that characterizes its products since its foundation.
Medalla de Oro Councours mondial de Bruselles 2020
Medalla de Plata Intennacional Wine & Spirit Competition 2020 | agronomy |
http://www.simcoemuskokahealth.org/Topics/HealthyEating/FAQs/ListofQuestions/OrganicFoods.aspx | 2017-04-28T16:01:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122996.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00063-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.95524 | 143 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__8191653 | en | Studies that compare organic food to food grown by other methods are difficult to interpret because many factors affect nutritional quality of the food such as the quality of soil, temperature and light during the growing season, and the type of seeds planted. In most situations, these factors are not controlled so comparisons cannot be accurately made. This makes it difficult to draw conclusions.
Like any food, purchasing organic food should be a personal choice, a choice that will depend upon its availability, price, sensory qualities and personal values. While researchers continue to study the differences between organic food and other foods, Canadians should focus on choosing vegetables and fruit more often, whether they are organic or not.
Check out the link to help understand organic foods | agronomy |
http://zahal.com/2010/09/security-forces-deployment-for-olive-harvest-season-3/ | 2017-08-16T17:20:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886102309.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20170816170516-20170816190516-00273.warc.gz | 0.946355 | 484 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__7157110 | en | The IDF Spokesman and the spokesman of the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories announced that the IDF, the Civil Administration and the Israel Police are preparing for the olive harvest season in Judea and Samaria which will begin in October and continue until December.
As part of the deployment, preparatory meetings were held between representatives from the Civil Administration and their Palestinian colleagues including delegates from the different villages and senior official from the olive oil industry. The objective of these meetings was to coordinate a schedule for the harvest. In addition, the security forces conducted a situation assessment and approved the plans for holding the harvest during which security of the harvesters will be constantly maintained with proper measures.
The IDF and the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories view the smooth performance of the harvest a moral imperative of the highest degree and acknowledge the economic and moral value of the harvest for the Palestinian residents of Judea and SamariaJudea and Samariaregions. In light of this, they will act in order to enable the completion of the olive harvest down to the last olive.
The security forces will be deployed throughout the area in order to prevent harm to the olive groves or to the harvesters themselves. In general, there will be no need for coordination of the harvest with IDF or Civil Administration officials in most of the harvest area in Judea and Samaria, however as a result of lessons from previous years and because of security needs, a limited number of areas will require advance coordination with IDF and Civil Administration personnel.
In addition, other harvest sites will be closed to Israelis in order to prevent friction. Representatives from the Civil Administration, the IDF and the Israel Police Force will also be deployed in these areas in order to properly handle any unusual events.
As in previous years, the widespread participation of Israeli and international aid organizations is expected during Palestinian harvest activity.. Representatives of the Civil Administration will meet with the different organizations to finalize the procedures and principles of their activities during the harvest season. The authorities acknowledge the wish of various Israeli groups to contribute to the Palestinian efforts during the harvest.
The IDF, the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories and the Israel Police will continue to operate in order to allow the Palestinian population to lead an optimal life style while maintaining ongoing security operations and while preserving the security of the citizens of the State of Israel throughout Judea, Samaria and the Jordan Valley. | agronomy |
https://www.sandhillnursery.ca/your-gardening-experts | 2019-11-12T02:22:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664469.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112001515-20191112025515-00090.warc.gz | 0.935126 | 2,317 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__174171639 | en | Why should I have foundation planting?
Foundation planting often softens the look of a house. Well thought-out foundation planting can correct for any proportion issues the house may have and can help the house to blend seamlessly into the rest of the landscaping. Foundation planting can emphasize architectural highlights (or detract from any flaws).
How close can I plant trees to the foundations of my house?
The answer to this question really depends on the variety and type of tree. We recommend selecting a tree with a less aggressive root system if you are planning to plant close to the foundations of your house. We are happy to give you adve specific to your situation at the Garden Centre.
How do I plant the trees and shrubs I just purchased?
First thing, know where your plants are going and the soil conditions you will be planting with. It is always a good idea to start with the soil. You should add 3-way mix, Compost plus or good quality topsoil with composted manure. Take the plant out of the container and examine the roots, make sure the plant is well rooted and free of pest and disease problems. You will want the plant to be no deeper then it was in the pot, if it is planted to deep it will starve the plant of oxygen and the plant will suffer. Once you have established the proper depth mix in you organic matter and starter fertilizer with the existing soil and gently fill in around roots, avoid packing soil heavily. Water well and continue to water regulary for the next few weeks until the plant is established
Should I stake my trees?
Only if it is loose after planting. Young trees will usually be stable and a ball and burlap tree base is usually stable enough to keep the tree in place. If you are staking make sure you use proper staking material to avoid girdling the tree.
How long should I water for?
You should water your plants everyday for the first week you can then gradually reduce the watering to every other day and then after a few weeks cut the watering back to 3 times per week. If you are planting in spring or fall you may not need to water as much because the temperature is cool and there is more moisture in the ground.
When is the best time to plant?
Spring and Fall are the best times because mother nature is on your side with the watering. Summer is also a good time just remember to water regularly.
I want to block out my neighbors – what should I plant?
If you are in full sun I would recommend a white spruce or white pine. White pine will also take partial shade. If you get into a denser shade you may want to consider hemlock. If you have deer your options will be limited to spruce. If you are looking for summer coverage only you will have lots of deciduous options.
Can I use shrubs or perennials for privacy?
Absolutely. There are many options native to Muskoka that will thrive and give you wonderful privacy.
We are experts in plants native to Muskoka.
There are several varieties of native shrubs and perennials available at our garden center. We can advise you on the best soil and site conditions to plant in so that your native plants will thrive. Native plant lists tend to be a bit vague because of the hardiness zones. We will be happy to share our expertise. Native plants do require space and our staff can let you know what the mature size of the plant will be.
Surround yourself with Muskoka’s native trees, shrubs and perennials. These natural beauties are very hardy and low maintenance.
We’ll happily explain all the advantages of choosing plants native to Muskoka for your garden.
Native plants are great additions to your garden and our environment. Generally plants that are native to the area thrive.
Our comprehensive list of native plant material will give you privacy, restoration and naturalizing options.
My soil is acidic, what can I do to improve the quality?
The Muskoka region does have a lot of evergreen which is a contributing factor in making the soil more acidic. To neutralize the soil you can use horticultural lime or demotic lime, this does have to be applied regularly to maintan a proper ph. The Ph scale goes from 1 to 14 1-7 being acidic and 7-14 being alkaline. You can test your soil with a ph test kit.
All my gardens are sand. How can I improve the soil quality?
Proper mulching will help tremendously however it is not a quick fix. If you have an abundance of sand you will need to continually add topsoil, manure and compost. When planting dig the holes 3 to 4 times the size of the pot and add a generous amount of organic matter and starter fertilizer.
Mulch & Fertilizers
We offer a variety of mulch options.
What mulch provides your gardens is more than esthetic. Mulch is a great source of organic matter. Mulch helps keep the moisture in the ground, prevents weeds from growing and breaks down into organic matter to help amend the soil.
From natural cedar to decorative red pine, we offer a variety of mulch colours and textures. We have available for delivery soil, compost and mulch.
We can recommend the right fertilizer for your soil conditions.
Where soil conditions are poor, fertilizers can amend the problem to create ideal growing conditions. Whether it be a new perennial planting or unhealthy trees – fertilizers can provide answers to many growing challenges.
You should plant with a starter fertilizer – and make sure it is high in Phosphorus which will stimulate root growth. Healthy Roots makes for a healthy plant. If you are on the lake or by a stream you shouldn’t use Phosphorus. It creates the growth of algae and plant life in the water and can be harmful to the aquatic eco-system. You can however add compost and apply mulch.
If your garden requires a boost you can use an all purpose slow release organic fertilizer. We recommend Vigiro Pink. It consist of 8 part Nitrogen (for green growth) 12 parts phosphorus (for root growth ) and 6 parts Potassium (that helps root and green growth). Remember all fertilizer has 3 letters on the box N-P-K, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. An easy trick to remember what they stand for is: up, down and around.
Our knowledgeable staff will be happy to answer any of your questions about mulch & fertilizers.
What should I be adding to my garden to improve soil conditions and overall performance of my plants?
Make sure you plant with 3-way mix or better yet Compost Plus. You should also plant with a starter fertilizer make sure it is high in Phosphorus which will stimulate root growth. Healthy Roots makes for a healthy plant. If you are on the lake or by a stream you shouldn’t use Phosphorus it creates the growth of algae and plat life in the water and can be harmful to the aquatic eco-system. You can however add compost and apply mulch.
Should I be mulching my Garden? What are the benefits?
Mulch is a great source of organic matter. Mulch helps keep the moisture in the ground, prevents weeds from growing and breaks down into organic matter to help amend the soil therefore you will have to replace every year but your plants will thank you for it with blooms and growth.
What Fertilizer should I be using on my garden?
Keep your garden mulched about 3 inches think. If your garden still requires a boost you can use an all purpose slow release organic fertilizer. We recommend Vigiro Pink it consist of 8 part Nitrogen (for green growth) 12 parts phosphorus (for root growth ) and 6 parts Potassium (that helps root and green growth). Remember all fertilizer has 3 letters on the box N-P-K, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and easy trick to remember what they stand for is up down and around.
We have organic solutions for garden and lawn pests.
Predators such as lady bugs or praying mantis maintain the natural balance of a garden and keep pests at bay. When predators are not enough we offer solutions such as Neem oil, Nematodes or Slug pots. All of these options are very safe for humans and friendly on the environment.
We’ll help you get rid of the moles tearing apart your lawn.
If you have moles in your lawn chances are you have grubs living in there as well. Grub larvae lives beneath the soil and provides a food source for the moles. To eliminate those tunnels in your lawn you will have to eradicate the moles food source. We recommend applying Nematodes to your lawn in June and September. Nematodes are a microscopic organism that feed on the grub larva; once the grubs are gone the moles will be too. Nematodes are easy to apply; soak the Nematode loaded sponge in a pail of water to release the micro-scopic organisms. After micro-scopic organisms are released water affected areas in the lawn. The organisms will feed on the grub larvae and eliminate the food source for those pesky moles. Keep in mind soil temperatures should be above 13 Degrees.
We’ll keep the slugs from eating your Hostas.
We carry a Safers product called slug bait, which works well. We also recommend filling a small container full of beer. The slugs are highly attracted to the scent and taste of beer. They will crawl in to the container and you can dispose of them once they’ve been captured. We sell decorative ceramic slug pots that add décor to your garden while addressing your slug problem.
Come in and talk to us about any of your pest control issues and we will recommend safe and effective solutions.
We’ll help you plant a deer proof garden.
We work on the premise that the deer were here first and we are in their space. We then choose plants that we know, from experience, that the deer are unlikely to eat.
Let us know if you are planting a new garden and we’ll advise you on choosing plants that the deer don’t like. Plants with strong smells, thorns or a fuzzy texture can often be enough of a deterrent. Barberry, Lavender, Sage and Yarrow are all great choices and there are many more to choose from.
We have an extensive plant list that we can provide. We have found some annuals, many perennials and a good list of shrubs that the deer tend to avoid.
We’ll help you keep the deer out of your garden.
There are all sorts of organic options to try to discourage deer from feasting on your garden. You can try Irish spring soap (they don’t like the smell), scarecrows, sensor lights, and a radio left on can all be ways to keep them at bay. Come on in and ask us – we’ll be happy to share our expertise!
We also carry deer-away products, Plantskydd and Bobbex. You have to re-apply every couple of months but it has lasting results. | agronomy |
http://mainrangeorchard.com.au/about/ | 2024-04-19T02:52:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817253.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419013002-20240419043002-00646.warc.gz | 0.966145 | 102 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__108840366 | en | Family Owned & Operated
Neil & Tim Wells welcome you to their family owned and operated cherry orchard and packing facility. At Main Range we love to share the excitement of a cherry orchard in full production.
Come for a guided tour of the orchard and packing facility, followed by a taste of really fresh crisp and crunchy cherries.
Our pick-your-own experience is something not to be missed and you are also more than welcome to drop in to buy boxed cherries. | agronomy |
http://oxfordgardensboulder.com/bios/ | 2019-11-15T19:56:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668712.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115195132-20191115223132-00300.warc.gz | 0.962662 | 237 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__17424824 | en | Peter grew up in the 1950’s in a small Ohio town. His grandmother, the neighbors and just about everybody else in town had vegetable and flower gardens. One of his first memories is transforming his next-door neighbor’s tomato patch into a “castle” for all the kids.
When his family moved to Laguna Beach, California, their garden featured avocado, tangerine and grapefruit trees, a large, year-round vegetable garden, a bamboo forest, and abundant flowers.
In his early twenties Peter distributed alfalfa sprouts up and down the West Coast. In the mid-70’s he grew vegetables in a large garden at a Buddhist community in Mendocino County, California.
When Peter moved to Boulder, Colorado in 1977, he was initially intimidated by the wild climate and challenging soils of the area. After some trial (and much error), he got the hang of it, and gardened for many years at the Boulder Community Garden on Hawthorn Avenue in North Boulder.
After serving for ten years as the director for international education at Naropa University in Boulder, Peter started Oxford Gardens in 2007. | agronomy |
https://daintyfoods.ca/en/products/riz-long-et-sauvage-dainty | 2023-11-28T20:16:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099942.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128183116-20231128213116-00325.warc.gz | 0.887279 | 131 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__172671179 | en | Our special blend combines full-bodied natural and woodsy flavoured wild rice with the comforting aroma and taste of premium parboiled rice; a happy and successful marriage!
Long grain wild rice is a natural whole grain
Origins - Wild rice grows in fresh water along the Canada/USA border and Parboiled rice is long grain rice grown in the Mississippi delta of the US.
Non-Sticky separate grains when cooked, very stable, never gets mushy
Flavour - Natural nutty woodsy flavour
Servings: 10 per 450g container
Ideal for: Red meats, Salmon dishes, stuffings and soups. | agronomy |
https://chapterhousebookstore.com/products/raised-bed-gardening-for-beginners-everything-you-need-to-know-to-start-and-sustain-a-thriving-garden-9781641525091 | 2023-04-01T20:46:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950247.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401191131-20230401221131-00269.warc.gz | 0.888019 | 469 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__12918936 | en | Raised-Bed Gardening for Beginners: Everything You Need to Know to Start and Sustain a Thriving Garden
Start a thriving garden with the beginner's guide to raised bed gardening
Are you interested in creating a bountiful garden but worried that you don't have enough space? Raised-Bed Gardening for Beginners shows you how simple it can be to plan, build, and grow your own raised-bed garden in whatever space is available. Learn to build your bed, select the right plants, grow your own vegetables, and much more. This book makes it easy for even inexperienced gardeners to serve up freshly picked vegetables and herbs in no time.
Plant a flourishing garden in minimal space with:
- An introduction to raised-bed gardening―From constructing a planting box to mixing and maintaining soil, step-by-step instructions make getting started easy.
- Beginner's guidance―Help your garden thrive with detailed suggestions for crop rotation, partner planting, seed starting, and growing zones.
- 30 easy-to-grow plants―Full profiles plus growing and harvesting tips on beginner-friendly vegetables and herbs make choosing the right ones for your garden a cinch.
Learn basic methods that will get you growing fast using this easy guide to raised-bed gardening.
Publisher: Rockridge Press
Binding Type: Paperback
Size: 9.20h x 7.50w x 0.50d
About the Author
Wylie, Tammy: -
TAMMY WYLIE was introduced to the joy of raised-bed gardens almost 30 years ago. She and her husband are lifelong gardeners, as well as the founders of Advance Greenhouses (www.advancegreenhouses.com), a website where they share advice on gardening, building greenhouses, and more. She also created and contributes to the blog Grow Your Own Food... Anywhere (www.growyourownfoodanywhere.com).
Out of Stock?
Most items can be backordered!
If you'd like to place a backorder, click the button below to fill out the item information and we'll create the order for you. | agronomy |
https://info.agsolcanada.com/l/824643/2021-08-12/v6kyp | 2022-11-28T07:25:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710488.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128070816-20221128100816-00694.warc.gz | 0.827133 | 624 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__132298873 | en | District Of Columbia
Prince Edward Island
What crops do you grow? How many acres of each?
What are your average yields per acre by crop?
Are you satisfied with your yield?
If no, what are your yield goals by crop?
Are you satisfied with your crop quality?
If no, what are your crop challenges?
Do you perform regular tissue analysis during the growing season?
What tools do you use to measure plant health? (eg. refractometer, pH meter, visual, none)
When was your last soil sample analyzed?
Please describe your typical annual fertility program. % liquid, % dry.
Have you seen issues with insects?
Do you use pesticides?
Have you had a lot of issues with bacterial or fungal disease?
Do you use fungicides?
Do you have weed issues?
Do you use herbicides?
Do you plant cover crops?
If so, what kind of cover crops do you plant?
What are your crop rotations?
Is there manure on your farm?
If so, what type of manure do you use?
What tillage methods do you employ?
Do you have issues with compaction?
Do you have issues with water retention?
Have you ever tested your water source?
Is your planter equipped to apply liquid?
Is your seed drill equipped to apply liquid?
Do you have a sprayer or access to a sprayer?
What is your total annual budget for crop inputs (including any fertilizer or chemicals you currently use?)
What is most important to you in a fertility program?
What are your major challenges?
What are your goals for the upcoming season?
THANK YOU for taking the time to provide this important background information to help us serve you better. | agronomy |
https://moonfame.com/product/gardening-initiative-2021/ | 2022-06-29T15:42:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103640328.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629150145-20220629180145-00777.warc.gz | 0.927035 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__74836775 | en | Book your program
Gradening Initiative 2021
Join the fun-filled Moonfame after school acitivties!
REGISTRATION IS CLOSED
Connects participants with nature as they learn the skills needed to grow plants, especially plants that have cultural values. It teaches cultural uses of plants as well as the forms and patterns, life cycles, and behavior of plants. This initiative is great for participants who love hands-on, learning-by-doing activities, and who want to develop care and commitment, to tend the Earth and grow the food they eat.
- Group A- 4pm to 5pm- 5 to 8 years old-Mon&Wed
- Group B-5:30pm to 6:30pm- 9 to 12 years old-Mon&Wed | agronomy |
http://www.htcampus.com/article/semester-break-notice-chandra-bhanu-gupta-krishi-mahavidyala/ | 2018-03-18T21:33:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646176.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318204522-20180318224522-00576.warc.gz | 0.957534 | 224 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__64767696 | en | Classes at Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Mahavidyala, Lucknow will resume from July 6, 2015 after the summer break!
As per the recent notice, Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Mahavidyala, Lucknow will remain closed due to semester break from June 26 to July 7, 2015.
Classes will be resumed from July 6, 2015. All students are requested to follow the notice and stay connected for further notice regarding any changes, if any.
Also get the application form for faculty position at Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Mahavidyala, Lucknow. You can download the PDF attached here.
Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Mahavidyala the only college in Lucknow and Bareilly commissionaries which has become not only the excellence of agricultural education but also the center for the development of farmers as several training programs and exhibitions are arranged by this college in their interest.
The college offers Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Degree course
Source: Atul Kumar, HTCampus Specialist
Also on HTCampus.com
Like us on | agronomy |
https://educob.com/courses/introduction-to-growing-organic-food-sustainably/ | 2022-05-23T20:26:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662561747.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523194013-20220523224013-00651.warc.gz | 0.957422 | 202 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__316076034 | en | Introduction to Growing Organic Food Sustainably
- 0 (Registered)
Growing your own organic food in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner is becoming a very popular activity. However, many people hesitate at growing vegetables as they are uncertain how they should start and of the kind of work that is needed.
This organic food course will introduce you to all aspects of growing garden vegetables in an organic and sustainable manner. The course will give you a thorough knowledge and understanding of how to grow a large variety of vegetables such as carrots, cabbage, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, leeks and many others. You will also learn about maintaining your garden vegetable plot, how to test and improve soil, make compost, create a raised bed, sow seeds and implement crop rotation.
This organic food course will be of great interest to all learners who would like to grow their own food in an organic and sustainable manner but would like to follow the advice and guidance of organic experts.
Curriculum is empty | agronomy |
https://thunderpoint.com.au/2017/08/06/seed-sessions-knobby-club-rush/ | 2018-07-20T08:18:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591575.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720080634-20180720100634-00059.warc.gz | 0.958113 | 256 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__211710982 | en | We reckon that sometimes the whole planting from seed or cuttings thing can be a bit overblown in terms of the steps taken to get them going. Below we’ll show you that it’s pretty easy, very cheap and satisfying.
We’re not too worried about the time of year they are sown in the case of Knobby Club Rush, or the soil or anything else really.
The seeds we used in this post are actually from a plant that we grew from seed…from our parents house (they probably were lucky enough to have theirs naturally sown).
Don’t bury the seeds – not necessary. For starters it’s probably best to water them with a spray bottle rather than a watering can or hose. Unless the soil is drying out quickly, probably watering once a week is fine. There were definitely times we didn’t water these guys for 2 weeks or more.
The beauty of this method is if you have access to mature club rush already, you aren’t paying anything for the seeds and can afford to fail (just don’t get greedy, leave most of the seeds for nature).
We’ll post again in a few months to give you an update. | agronomy |
http://www.provenceconfidential.com/index.php/blog/tours-things-to-do/174-chestnuts-galore?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default | 2021-11-27T09:31:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358153.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127073536-20211127103536-00224.warc.gz | 0.965528 | 217 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__183154366 | en | The Var is one of the leading producers of sweet chestnuts in France as is Corsica and the Ardêche. Historically not all regions had access to wheat so chestnuts were ground into flour and served as one of the only sources of carbohydrates. There are innumerable recipes using chestnuts and chestnut flour. And there are also chestnut based beers like La Marrouge from the Var, Pietra from Corsica and Bourganel from the Ardeche. Vendors selling individual portions of roasted chestnuts can be seen in many Provencal towns during the fall and winter months.
The bucolic village of Collobrières nestled in the forest of the Maures mountains has been hosting La Fête de la Châtaigne for 33 years. It is such a popular event that it runs for the the last 3 Sundays of October. Known for not only its chestnuts but the harvest of cork from the cork oak trees, the windy mountainous ascent to the village is one of the most beautiful drives in all of France. | agronomy |
https://talad.co/en/blog/sawasdee-krub/ | 2021-05-15T19:36:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991378.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515192444-20210515222444-00613.warc.gz | 0.964567 | 123 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__216460024 | en | Welcome to the “TALAD Channel” where everyone can learn about
This year has been a very successful year for TALAD APP and we are proud to announce that over 70,000 farmers, farm workers and mechanics have downloaded the TALAD APP. Our aim is to connect everyone in the agricultural sector and helping Thai farmers to increase their productivity, reduce their production costs and increase their income. We are delighted to encourage everyone who is working in the agricultural sector to join us by sharing your knowledge and your knowhow. Together we can make Thai farming sector the strong!
Enjoy your study!! | agronomy |
https://www.oink.me.uk/blog/what-do-you-know-about-the-potato | 2024-04-25T05:26:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297284704.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425032156-20240425062156-00848.warc.gz | 0.913064 | 307 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__144394426 | en | London’s Favourite Vegetable
London has an incredible fasicnation with the potato. It ties a roast dinner together. We use it for our chips and crisps. We love the potato. But where does the potato come from? We’ve put together a timeline that documents our favourite vegetable. What new facts will you discover?
1536 – The potato arrived in Europe
1609 – European sailors take the potato to China
1719 – Potatoes arrive in USA
1801 – First French Fries served in America
1845 – The Irish potato famine
1853 – Potato crisp invented in New York
1952 – ‘Mr Potato Head’ toy invented
1995 – The potato is grown in space
2008 – United Nations International Year of the Potato
The Potato Today
In the past 50 years potatos on sale in the UK have lost 24% of their magnesium, 27% of their iron and 46% of their calcium.
Milk from cows kept in huts are hidden of vitamins and the cancer-fighting CLA that helped to make this a fitness food.
It is time to stop the rot! The campaign begins with us, whether we shop at farmers’ markets, organic suppliers or at supermarkets.
Our campaign sets out what we can do to win the fight back for food that will stop us damaging our health – in fact, a fight for real food. So dig deeper and get more from your food. | agronomy |
https://mpcommunity.com.au/members/?um_search=1&services=155 | 2018-10-21T20:40:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514355.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021203102-20181021224602-00488.warc.gz | 0.936124 | 451 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__36612233 | en | * A community Garden Available to all members of the Community.
Dromana Community Garden is a growing and establishing garden with the aim to grow and share fresh food with the local community. We welcome new faces to help tend the garden at our regular working bees. The garden is a space to meet new people, share skills and knowledge.
Working bees are held on the 2nd Sunday of each month, 10 am - 12 pm.
* Rose Garden |* 1 rose beds planted with 4 roses in a 1.6 ha area of the Civic Reserve|* Planted and attended to by volunteers|* Pruning displays in July|* Rotunda, water fountain .colonnade and sculpture||* The public can go to a Sunday High Tea in the Don Gordon Garden Room over the spring/summer months, October to March
* Voluntary Community Garden with plots available for rent.|* Seeds and seedlings for sale.||* The garden is based on organic principals||* Vege Swap 3rd Saturday 2pm - 3pm|* Communal plots available for members
This is a newly-formed men's Shed looking to encourage social inclusion and the prevention of social isolation across our local community.
We are looking to include a wide range of activities that will appeal to the current community needs. This will include a “quiet” space for some of the less active projects.
Regular meetings provide you with an opportunity to talk about program options and special interests.
There is always the option to take on the “tutor” role and pass on your knowledge to the group.
A Place to learn,share and grow!|The garden provides a place for community interaction through learning and sharing opportunities focused on food production
We are a not-for-profit Community House that provides programs and services to the community in a friendly and welcoming environment, run by local volunteers and staff. Each term we have new and exciting programs and courses on offer.
Club that meets monthly at the Balnarring Hall on the First Monday of each month from 1.30-3.30pm Interesting guest speakers, organised trips to specialised gardens and local gardens and around Victoria and trips to flower shows. | agronomy |
https://spoonfedblog.net/what-goes-in-a-commercial-composting-pile.htm | 2023-09-24T04:32:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506559.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924023050-20230924053050-00770.warc.gz | 0.93442 | 632 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__85816340 | en | Industrial and commercial composting are different from home composting. The operators should follow specific regulations and laws. These pertain to odor control and public health and safety. The way the extensive operations compost and what matters are used, when it comes to meeting industry standards, too.
What large operations composting is used?
There are basic categories of compostable products: green and brown waste. For the yard waste, you will have dry leaves and tree trimmings used in commercial composting Australia. For the food waste is collected in a large bin and includes:
- coffee grounds
- food-soiled paper
There are other materials to use in commercial compost, which are untreated wood chips, fireplace ashes, sawdust, shredded newspapers, and dust. You must avoid anything untreated and know which materials affect oxygen levels, temperature, and nitrogen.
What can’t go in a commercial compost pile?
Just as important to know what goes into a compost pile, it is also important to know what can’t go in. Human and pet waste must not be used in composting operations because it can cause major health hazards. Bioplastics, labeled as recyclable, pose problems for commercial composting operations. Facilities can’t keep piles at high enough temperatures to degrade the plastics. Here is a list of items that must not be composted:
- Cooked food
- Dairy products
- Coal ash
- Coated or glossy paper
- Fast-growing plants or weeds
- Produce stickers
- Treated wood
- Black walnut leaves can be toxic to plants
- Infested or diseased plants
- Any plant matter treated with chemicals
What causes the wrong mixture of ingredients?
If you don’t use the right ingredients, commercial compost may fail to form. It means you would not have a saleable product or your compost could be sub-par. Below are some of problems to check out for:
- Contamination. Unluckily, contaminants can make a compost pile at any stage of the process. Herbicides and pesticides can enter piles when making them, while heavy bacteria and metals can enter later on.
- Process issues. Sometimes, things go wrong with the commercial composting process. If the acid-alkaline balance is off, it ruins the whole mixture. If the piles are not turned on, they can’t get enough air or moisture. If using the wrong amount of bulking agents, it causes terrible odors.
- Using the wrong method. Although this doesn’t accomplish what you do or don’t put in your compost, still, it is important to know. Commercial composting operators must be familiar with the size and type of piles they worked with. They must ensure they are using the right equipment and tools.
Many are thankful for this commercial composting method because it has been helping farmers to have a good harvest. Thus, the emergence of composting machines has been acquired by many composting businesses. | agronomy |
http://amateuryankee.blogspot.com/2010/10/from-apples-to-cider.html | 2017-04-26T21:23:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121665.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00339-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.972717 | 231 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__207372120 | en | Sunday, October 10, 2010
From Apples to Cider
A week ago, we picked all the apples worth picking in the backyard. After climbing the gnarled trees and squeezing underneath the branches, we emerged a little scraped, but fairly happy with our harvest (though it was small).
Yesterday, the Dogtor picked more apples from an orchard near a friend's house, and soon we had multiple couples out by the barn, churning the press. Babies of all ages were everywhere, as were dogs and cats. The goats and horse fared well, too - each received a good share of bad apples.
Apples included in the cider: McIntosh, McGowan (Macoun), Empire, Granny Smith, and, thanks to our friends, the Northern Spy.
Sadly, our cider yield was low compared to years before. Each half gallon is that much more precious....although we have one more enthusiastic cider drinker among us than we used to (Fray-monster loves the stuff. More a-ppuhl!)
We remain grateful for the free labor - cranking that press is tough! | agronomy |
https://www.thesproutco.com/pages/our-story | 2018-12-11T23:32:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823705.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20181211215732-20181212001232-00028.warc.gz | 0.953129 | 535 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__230700515 | en | HEALTHY SOIL = HEALTHY PLANTS = HEALTHY PEOPLE
The Sprout Company is located in Tigard Oregon and was founded in October of 2011, with one purpose "Educate People on the Tremendous Health Benefits of consuming Living Foods" such as grasses and sprouts, sprouted seeds, nuts, grains and beans. The HORMONES, OXYGEN, PHYTONUTRIENTS and ENZYMES found in "Living Foods" allows us to fight and conquer disease, compete at the highest levels academically and physically and maintain a Healthy Vibrant Life.
We also Believe that every single one of us has a voice and a right to live on a clean planet. The importance of the soil in our nation and around the globe can no longer be ignored. Our soils are depleted, 60-70% of our food grown in the U.S. is grown in those depleted soils and sprayed with many chemicals from fertilizer to larva-cide. It is CRITICAL to The Sprout Company that we only support farmers that understand proper planting practices such as allowing the soil rest and who only use natural fertilizers that remineralize the soil. We take our time to get to know these farmers to make sure we bring ONLY the best ORGANIC, NON-GMO, MINERAL RICH Wheatgrass, Sunflower & Pea Sprouts, seeds, nuts and beans and grain to you! We know exactly where our food comes from. As a result of nutrients used in these farmers soil, we end up with HEALTHY PLANTS and HEALTHY PEOPLE.
As a part of our journey with living foods, we have come across some Amazing Products that are essential to support this Lifestyle. We sorted through several companies to find the finest Organic Plant-Based Products such as Whole Foods Supplements, Protein Powders, ORGANIC, edible Skin Care and others. We also tried and tested several Juicers, Dehydrators and Sprouting Supplies and offer you only the BEST!
We love to share so check out our BLOGS, you will find some exceptional, fun, educational material on Nutrition, Exercise, the Importance of Rest and much more! This web page was created to make your life easier! We already did the homework and we know what works and what does not! We are constantly researching, working with biochemists and ethical suppliers, and adding new cool, safe and pure products to enhance your life, so, keep your eyes peeled and ENJOY!
Yours in health,
THE SPROUT COMPANY | agronomy |
https://www.winex.com/product/france/burgundy/ladoix.html | 2019-08-21T07:59:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315811.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821065413-20190821091413-00161.warc.gz | 0.920152 | 224 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__19719290 | en | Comes from a Premier Cru vineyard at the top of the hill of Corton. On the other side of the same hill sits Corton Charlemagne and the red Grand Cru Corton Rognet is a few steps south. It’s a very nice neighborhood. Grechon sits on the top of this star-studded hill, with the thinner soils that come with more elevation. The soil composition also has a lot in common with the aforementioned ‘Corton Charlie’, being composed of white marl over limestone with some Chablis-esque oyster shell fossils in the mix. The vines here are over 50 years-old and strictly limited to a very modest yield of 35 hl/ha. The Chardonnay grapes are hand harvested, see partial malo-lactic fermentation and a nine-month sojourn in oak, only 10% new. We can’t compare it to other vintages since we have not seen the wine before, but you know we are huge fans of the white Burgundies from 2014 in general. | agronomy |
http://termoplin.rs/index%20eng.html | 2019-02-22T14:04:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247518425.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222135147-20190222161147-00319.warc.gz | 0.927092 | 258 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__82430858 | en | Termoplin Ltd. is Serbian company that is established in 1991. Company is more then twenty years produces heating equipment and agricultural achinery. Some of ours products are:
- Tabacco dryers
- Dryers for fruits and vegetables
- Dryers for medicinal plants
- Dryers for bale clover
- Termognerators on the liquid and solid fuels and biomass
- Water boilers fired with liquid and solid fuels and biomass
- Greenhouses and metal structures
- Disc planter of seedlings of vegetables and tobacco
- Rotating planter of container seedlings of vegetables and tobacco
- Machine for sowing container
Quality and reliable operation of our products are always in the first place and this is what makes that people can recognize and recommend us.
Our products can be found throughout Serbia. For these twenty years of working, we are exported our products to Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Kazakhstan, Australia, Spain, Germany, Russia, Albania, Ukraine, Egypt, Finland, Switzerland and Kenya and of course in all the republics of former Yugoslavia.
In addition to constant product improvements we have in the plan and expanding our range of products for what you will be informed.
Stevan Jugović mech. ing. | agronomy |
https://www.zangyo-ninja.com/kanji/016454/ | 2024-04-19T22:03:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817455.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419203449-20240419233449-00887.warc.gz | 0.977816 | 208 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__188472422 | en | A large annual plant of the Solanaceae family. It is said to be native to the Andes Mountains of South America and Mexico, and was cultivated by indigenous indios such as Peru and Bolivia. Introduced to Europe in the middle of the 16th century, it is now widely cultivated in the temperate and tropical regions of the world and is the most representative fruit vegetable. In addition to raw foods, it is especially produced as processed foods such as juice, ketchup, and puree.
In summer, flower branches are borne between the nodes and several yellow flowers are borne in racemes. The flower has a star-shaped corolla with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, and the base is fused with 5 petals. The fruits are berries and initially green, but when ripe they turn crimson, pink or orange. There are many varieties, and there are many changes in the color and shape of the fruits.
Japanese says “To-Ma-To”.
> vegetable stocks | agronomy |
http://carteblanchecards.com/national-geographic-documentary-makes-the-case-for-organic-cotton-farming/ | 2018-02-24T11:32:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815560.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224112708-20180224132708-00271.warc.gz | 0.931525 | 726 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__220202208 | en | Cotton represents one of the most complex sustainability challenges of our time – approximately half of all clothes are manufactured using this versatile and historically important fibre, and tens of thousands of livelihoods depend upon it. However, this crop is notorious for its heavy dependence on chemical insecticides and pesticides. A shift to more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the form of organic cotton farming could provide the ultimate benchmark for sustainability – both for this valuable crop, and our invaluable environment.
In a documentary coming out later this month, Alexandra Cousteau – a globally recognized leader on water issues, and yes – descendant of Jacques-Yves Cousteau – teams up with National Geographic and sustainability experts at global fashion giant C&A to present ‘For the Love of Fashion’, which provides a window into more sustainable cotton practices and aims to show that more sustainable cotton has significant advantages for both people and the planet.
You can watch the trailer here: https://www.facebook.com/AlexandraCousteau/videos/10153741515529888/
The 60-minute film follows Alexandra, who has been involved in over 100 award-winning short films on global water issues, in her travels across India, and her interviews with sustainability experts in Germany and the USA emphasizing the global need for more organic cotton. She meets with local cotton farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India, whose lives have improved considerably after changing from conventional cotton farming practices to more sustainable methods of production:
While 2.4% of the world’s crop land is planted with cotton, it accounts for 24% of the global sales of insecticide and 11% of the global sales of pesticides. Deborah Armstrong, Executive Vice President of National Geographic Partners Europe noted: “National Geographic believes in the power of science, exploration and storytelling to change the world. How clothes are produced has an impact on our environment in a way that few people think about day to day. ‘For the Love of Fashion’ will highlight this impact, and potential solutions, in a manner that engages our audiences all around the world.”
And while changing the ingrained habits of such an established industry is of course hugely challenging, increased demand from consumers is slowly but surely getting the message to suppliers that organic production can in fact increase their profits too; and in 2014 the Organic Trade Association reported the largest increase in acreage devoted to organic cotton farming for 20 years.
“It’s not easy to grow organic cotton,” said Laura Batcha, CEO and Executive Director of OTA. “These latest numbers show the genuine commitment of organic growers to produce cotton in the most environmentally friendly way, and to respond to an increasing desire by consumers for organic fiber. Today’s consumers want to incorporate organic not just in the food we eat, but in the clothes we wear, the sheets on our bed, and the mattresses on which we sleep.”
Sales of organic cotton have grown significantly in recent years as consumers increasingly seek out sustainable, chemical-free fibres; and organic textiles are now the largest non-food organic category in the market, with organic fibre sales in the U.S. closing in on $1 billion in 2013 – promising numbers.
With educators such as National Geographic, passionate spokespeople such as Alexandra Cousteau, an increasingly educated public and big business all on board, the potential for moving to cotton which is truly sustainable is beginning to look more and more achievable.
C&A representatives share their aspirations for sustainable cotton:
Sources and further reading: | agronomy |
http://www.cellbiolint.org/cbi/030/0583/cbi0300583.htm | 2014-04-19T20:12:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537376.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00174-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.905593 | 8,270 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__96289646 | en | |Cancer||Cell death||Cell cycle||Cytoskeleton||Exo/endocytosis||Differentiation||Division||Organelles||Signalling||Stem cells||Trafficking|
Cell Biology International (2006) 30, 583591 (Printed in Great Britain)
Effects of chilling on male gametophyte development in rice
E.A. Mamunab*, S. Alfredab, L.C. Cantrillc, R.L. Overallc and B.G. Suttonab
aCooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Rice Production, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
bFaculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
cSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Chilling during male gametophyte development in rice inhibits development of microspores, causing male sterility. Changes in cellular ultrastructure that have been exposed to mild chilling include microspores with poor pollen wall formation, abnormal vacuolation and hypertrophy of the tapetum and unusual starch accumulation in the plastids of the endothecium in post-meiotic anthers. Anthers observed during tetrad release also have callose (1,3-β-glucan) wall abnormalities as shown by immunocytochemical labelling. Expression of rice anther specific monosaccharide transporter (OsMST8) is greatly affected by chilling treatment. Perturbed carbohydrate metabolism, which is particularly triggered by repressed genes OsINV4 and OsMST8 during chilling, causes unusual starch storage in the endothecium and this also contributes to other symptoms such as vacuolation and poor microspore wall formation. Premature callose breakdown apparently restricts the basic framework of the future pollen wall. Vacuolation and hypertrophy are also symptoms of osmotic imbalance triggered by the reabsorption of callose breakdown products due to absence of OsMST8 activity.
Keywords: Anther, Callose, Carbohydrate metabolism, Chilling, Microspores wall, Rice, RNA in situ hybridisation, OsMST8, Starch accumulation, Ultrastructure.
*Corresponding author. The University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, John Wooley Building A20, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 93512939; fax: +61 2 93514172.
Chilling detrimentally affects flower induction, pollen production and in some sensitive species it causes male sterility (Satake, 1976; Reyes et al., 2003; Imin et al., 2006; Oliver et al., 2005). The social and economic consequences of chilling and other environmental stresses during reproductive development are particularly important in grain crops like rice and wheat, because the products of their sexual reproduction provide the primary staple for most of humanity.
Over the last 40 years, scientists in Japan have started to search for the most sensitive stage of chilling in rice (Satake and Hayase, 1970; Nishiyama, 1984, 1997). They identified that for rice, the booting stage is the most sensitive period for chilling damage (Takeoka et al., 1992). The period of greatest chilling sensitivity during anther development is the early microspore phase when microspores are released from the tetrads. The beginning of meiosis has also been mentioned as a secondary sensitive period of pollen development to low temperature (Satake, 1976; Takeoka et al., 1992).
Cellular alteration of microspore development in rice anthers under chilling has been described by Nishiyama, a pioneer of research in this area. Much of his work focussed on tapetal morphology under chilling conditions (Nishiyama, 1984, 1997). The morphological changes were mostly associated with dilatation, which Nishiyama described as tapetal hypertrophy. Other researchers went on to classify hypertrophy into different types (Satake, 1976). However, no work to date has been published that demonstrates tapetal hypertrophy in living anthers, so it is unclear whether it is a cellular symptom of chilling stress, or an artefact. Moreover, apart from some recent observations (Truernit et al., 1999), little work has been done on the processes that lead to hypertrophy. In fact, little detailed work has been carried out on any of the cellular features of chilling injury in rice anthers. Satake, another pioneer in this field, published a large body of work during the 1970s and 1980s, yet this work seems to have stopped at the level of whole plant physiology with only a small consideration given to cellular symptoms (Satake, 1976). Ito (1978) and Satake (1976) also gave some consideration to metabolic irregularities in chilled anthers.
Microspore wall formation is also critical under stress conditions. Water deficit inhibits proper microspore wall formation in wheat and rice (Saini et al., 1984; Lalonde et al., 1997a,b) that is associated with carbohydrate metabolism in anthers (Saini and Westgate, 2000). A similar phenomenon of perturbed carbohydrate metabolism has been reported recently in rice anthers under chilling stress (Oliver et al., 2005), however, cellular symptoms of microspore wall formation have not been reported as yet. Callose (1,3-β-glucan), a special wall around the microspore mother cell, dyads and tetrads, plays an important role in microspore wall formation (Mascarenhas, 1975; Pacini, 1994). Premature callose breakdown in mutant tobacco results in male sterility (Worrall et al., 1992). Just before meiosis, callose deposition isolates the microspore mother cells from the tapetum (Mamun et al., 2005b). Moreover, symplastic connections through plasmodesmata between tapetum and other cell layers are not observed at or after meiosis (Mamun et al., 2005b). It is possible that an alternative appoplastic sugar supply pathway is active in the anther at this situation (Truernit et al., 1999), which involves invertase and monosaccharide transporters (MST).
In situ hybridisation and RT PCR gene expression studies in rice revealed that cell wall-bound anther specific invertase gene OsINV4 (accession no. AY220486) is repressed by cold treatment specifically at the young microspore stage (Oliver et al., 2005). A male gametophyte-specific monosaccharide gene OsMST8 (accession no. AY822464) in rice has also been isolated and characterised. It is suggested that this gene plays a critical role in transporting monosaccharides, which are cleavage products of sucrose by invertase, as well as utilising callose breakdown products for microspore development.
To further identify critical biochemical processes, this work documents alteration of cellular organisation during microspore development and the critical role of OsMST8 genes in chilling-induced rice anthers.
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Plant material
Oryza sativa L. cv. Doongara, an Australian rice cultivar that is very low temperature sensitive was selected and grown in soil and hydroponic culture medium as described in Mamun et al. (2005a).
To induce 4 nights' chilling during the early microspore phase, plants at auricle distance approximately −30 to −10
2.2 Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of 1,3-β-glucan
Anthers were fixed according to Mamun et al. (2005a). At least 100 blocks of normal and chilling-induced anthers were selected and used for light and electron microscopy examination. Transverse ultra-thin sections were collected on coated (grid coating pen; Coat-Quick ‘G’ Daido Sangyo Co., Ltd., Japan) grids and stained with saturated uranyl acetate and Reynold's lead citrate. Sections were observed with a Zeiss 902 electron microscope at 80
2.3 RNA in situ hybridisation
Excised whole florets from normal and chilling-induced rice plants were cut open at the tip. Florets were fixed, embedded, pre-hybridised according to the methods as described in Oliver et al. (2005). Both antisense and sense RNA probes were synthesised by T7 polymerase transcription of the OsMST8 cDNA (kindly provided by Dr. Rudy Dolferus, CSIRO PI, Australia) using a SP6/T7 digoxigenin RNA labelling kit (Roche, Manheim) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hybridisation and detection of hybrids were performed according to Doughty et al. (1998). Sections were then dehydrated through an ethanol series and washed twice for 2
3.1 Changes in microspores and tapetum cells
After four nights' chilling, severe alterations were seen in the anther layers and microspores. Transverse section of an anther under light microscope indicated that well-shaped vacuolated microspores and other anther layers were seen in the microsporangia in normal anther (Fig. 1a), however, chilling stress altered the whole anther lobe (Fig. 1b). Tapetum and microspores were distorted and outer epidermal layers showed deformation (Fig. 1b). In normal anther development following the microspore release stage, the spherical microspores were seen to be free-floating in the locule and had acquired a conspicuous wall patterning (Fig. 2a). The tapetum at this stage showed dense cytoplasmic contents and numerous well-developed orbicules. In chilling-induced anthers harvested during the free microspore stage, microspores showed clearly visible lesions in development and these were mostly focused around the microspore wall (Fig. 2b,c) but lesions like distortion and deformation were also seen (Fig. 2b). Tapetum cells were severely altered. Distorted tapetal cells along the locule face contained vacuoles of different sizes (Fig. 2b).
Light microscope image of transverse sections of microsporangia showing overview of anther at vacuolated stage. (a) Anther growing in normal temperature comprise spherical microspores and well-shaped anther cell layers. (b) Chilling stress drastically altered the shape and development of the microspores and other cell layers. ep – epidermis; en – endothecium; t – tapetum; mi – microspore.
Part of microsporangia of normal and chilling-induced anthers during free microspore stage. (a) Microsporangium of a normal anther. The spherical microspores acquiring conspicuous wall patterning are free-floating in the anther locule. Cytoplasm of the tapetum is dense and the plasma membrane is decorated with numerous well-developed orbicules. (b) Microsporangium of a cold-treated anther. Microspores show deformation and a lack of wall sculpturing. The cell wall of the tapetum facing the locular cavity has disintegrated and distorted. Arrows show vacuoles of different sizes. (c) Microspore of chilling-induced anther is free floated in the anther locule, however, showing lack of wall sculpturing. (d) Microspore wall at free microspores of a normal anther shows distinctive sculpturing which comprises foot layer, tectum and bacula. (e) Chilling-interrupted microspore wall formation. Only a few sporopollenin (arrows) are seen to be deposited in the microspore wall. (f) Chilling-stressed anther showing hypertrophy. The tapetal cytoplasm is spilled out into the locular cavity and occupies almost the whole cavity. (g) A living anther theca under light microscope showing tapetal hypertrophy (arrows) after chilling. Arrowheads show the tapetal cells. mi – microspore; mw – microspore wall; t – tapetum; en – endothecium; ml – middle layer; chl – chloroplast; l – locule; n – nuclei; f – foot layer; tc – tectum.
Anthers harvested during the free microspore stage suggested that cold drastically altered microspore wall formation (Fig. 2c), however, microspores were characterised by rich cytoplasmic contents but devoid of proper sporopollenin inclusions (Fig. 2c,e). The microspore wall at the free microspore stage was well sculptured and comprised several layers, namely tectum, bacula and foot (Fig. 2d). Micro-channels were seen in the tectum and foot layers (Fig. 2d). The microspore wall was not properly formed in chilling-treated anthers (Fig. 2c,e). The microspore wall was devoid of any fine sculpting. Only a small quantity of sporopollenin had been deposited in a seemingly random way on the chilling-treated microspore wall (Fig. 2e). Other severe lesions of chilling were tapetal hypertrophy (Fig. 2f). Although observed rarely, it appeared that the cytoplasmic contents of the tapetal cells of chilling-induced anthers had spilled out into the locular space (Fig. 2f,g). Observation of hypertrophy in light microscope images (Fig. 2g) of living anthers showed that this phenomenon was not an artefact of preparation for TEM.
3.2 Excessive starch accumulation in the endothecium
Under normal temperatures during the post-meiotic stage, particularly soon after the free microspore stage, endothecium cells contained several chloroplasts along with other organelles (Fig. 3a). However, these chloroplasts consisted of very little internal membrane organisation with very small starch granules and were elongated (Fig. 3a,c). Chloroplasts containing starch granules had a shaded region around the granule indicating that these starch granules were degrading (Fig. 3c). The endothecium cell layers observed after chilling also showed several chloroplasts at the free microspore stage (Fig. 3b). However, these chloroplasts contained an increase in the size and number of starch granules (Fig. 3b,d). Concomitant with starch accumulation, loss of membrane details suggested degeneration of thylakoids and grana as well as the outer membranes in these chloroplasts (Fig. 3b,d).
Development of chloroplasts in the endothecium of normal and chilling-induced anthers. (a) Endothecium cell of an anther develops in normal temperature. This cell shows numerous chloroplasts which contain no or small amount of starch. (b) Endothecium cell from a chilling-induced anthers show numerous chloroplasts, however, they have large starch granules. (c) High magnification image of chloroplasts of an endothecium cell just after free microspore stage become elongated and contain very little starch. However, the chloroplast containing starch granules has regions with very little internal membrane organisation (arrowheads). The starch granule has a shaded region in the outer part of the granule (arrows). (d) Chilling has resulted in increased the size of starch grains and very few granal stacks in the chloroplast of an endothecium. It seems that membranes of the chloroplasts are degenerating (arrows). en – endothecium; chl – chloroplasts; ml – middle layer; t – tapetum; s – starch granule.
3.3 Premature callose dissolution
During the dyad stage in normal anthers, callose was deposited around the dyads and also in the cell plate between two dyad cells (Fig. 4a). Immunogold labelling showed a thick callose labelling at the outside of the dyad (Fig. 4a). However, chilling-induced anthers showed sparse callose in dyad cells (Fig. 4b). Very few gold particles were seen randomly at the outside of the dyad cells (Fig. 4b). In tetrad cells under normal temperatures, immunogold labelling of callose was seen between the four tetrad microspores, however, labelling was very low at the outer wall of these developing microspores (Mamun et al., 2005b). In tetrad microspores from the chilling-induced anthers, callose was rarely observed (Fig. 4c). This contrasts conspicuously with the large number of gold particles seen at normal temperatures at the same stage (greater than 150 gold particles per similar section of wall) (Mamun et al., 2005b). This indicates that callose has virtually degraded around the developing microspores earlier than expected, something that is not observed in normal anthers. Walls of the tetrad microspores of normal anthers showed distinctive wall patterning (Mamun et al., 2005b), however, microspore walls were devoid of any sculpturing (Fig. 4d) in the tetrad microspores from chilling-treated anthers.
Callose distribution in the developing microspore in normal and chilled dyad and treated rice anthers. (a) Profuse numbers of gold particles around the dyad and also in the cell plate of newly formed dyad cells indicates normal callose during dyad formation. (b) Very sparse immunogold labelling (arrowheads) is seen around the dyads indicating early degradation of callose by chilling. (c) Immunogold labelling of callose in chilling-treated tetrad microspores displays a very low level of callose between the tetrad microspore. No sign of typical wall sculpturing is around the newly formed tetrad microspores. Arrowheads show the callose in the central part of a tetrad. Only few (2–3) gold particles indicate very low level of callose. Arrows show poorly developed microspore walls.
3.4 OsMST8 mRNA in situ hybridisation
Chilling treatment at the microspore development stage repressed OsMST8 gene expression. Anthers from plants growing in normal temperatures at the free microspore stage showed OsMST8 gene expression in the tapetum, microspores and vascular bundle (Fig. 5a). However, anthers at a similar stage after 4 days chilling did not show repressed OsMST8 gene expression in the anther layers and vascular bundles (Fig. 5b).
mRNA in situ hybridisation study of OsMST8 in normal and chilling-induced rice anthers at free microspore stage. Transverse sections of (a) normal and (b) chilling induced anthers were labelled with digoxygenin-labelled antisense OsMST8 probe. Transverse section (a) showed positive signals of OsMST8 mRNA (black blue color) in tapetum, microspore and vascular bundles while signal was repressed in different layers in chilling-treated anthers (b). t – tapetum; vb – vascular bundle; mi – microspore.
4.1 Changes in the tapetal cell
The tapetum provides nutrients and structural components for the developing microspores (Pacini, 1994; Raghavan, 1997). Natural male sterility has often been linked to tapetal dysfunction (Loukides et al., 1995; Conicella et al., 1997). Thus it has been believed for a long time that tapetal dysfunction is the key process for chilling-induced male sterility in rice (Nishiyama, 1984, 1997). Similar vacuolations and hypertrophy as seen in the chilling-treated rice anthers associated with male sterility are also seen during meiotic stage water deficit in wheat (Lalonde et al., 1997a), in transgenic tobacco (Worrall et al., 1992; Tsuchiya et al., 1995) and in several cytoplasmic and genic male sterile lines in other species (Loukides et al., 1995; Jin et al., 1997; Hernould et al., 1998).
Nishiyama (1984) has identified tapetal dilatation as a consequence of increasing sugar concentration and turgor pressure in the tapetum. In recent years, this phenomenon has been described more cautiously. Worrall et al. (1992) have proposed that the abnormal increase in volume and vacuolation of the male sterile tapetal cells might be caused by retention in the tapetal cells of materials that would normally be utilised by the developing microspores or might be due to reabsorption of sugars arising from the premature degradation of the callose wall. However, Truernit et al. (1999) have suggested that the hypertrophy of tapetal cells is more likely to occur due to reabsorption of sugars arising from premature callose dissolution. In the chilling-treated rice anthers, premature callose dissolution happens at the same time as inhibition of early microspore wall biosynthesis, so rather than being utilised for microspore wall development, the premature callose breakdown products are most likely reabsorbed by the tapetal cells, which then show hypertrophy or unusual vacuolation.
Another explanation for tapetal vacuolations and hypertrophy might come from problems with sugar movement and utilisation in the tapetum. Although apoplastic invertase is down-regulated in anthers in chilling-treated plants, just as after water stress (Dorion et al., 1996; Sheoran and Saini, 1996; Koonjul et al., 2005), a similar problem might also occur with vacuolar invertase. Sucrose might be stored in vacuoles (Dubinina et al., 2001) in the tapetum if the enzyme is unable to cleave it into monosaccharides for export into the cytosol. Alternatively, mitochondria in tapetal cells might be dysfunctional after chilling and cannot utilise assimilates at the normal rate for energy production. Again, vacuoles might appear as storage organelles for excess unused sucrose. Hypertrophy might be an extreme manifestation of this excess sugar storage in the anther.
4.2 Effects of premature callose dissolution on microspore wall formation
Callose, a 1,3-β-glucan, develops around the meiocytes during early meiosis I and continues until completion of the second meiotic division. A thick callose wall is seen around the meiocyte before meiosis occurs and separates the meiocytes from the rest of the anther cell layers (Mamun et al., 2005a,b). At the early tetrad stage just after second meiosis, it starts to dissolve near the tapetal cell (Mamun et al., 2005b) by a tapetally-secreted callase, a 1,3-β-glucanse (Steiglitz, 1977). Both conventional aniline blue staining and electron microscopy immunogold localisation indicated that callose is a significant component of the tetrad division walls separating tetrad microspores from each other (Mamun et al., 2005b). After the callose is dissolved from and between the microspores, the cells are released into the locule. Mis-timing of callase expression initiates callose wall degradation earlier or later, and has been attributed as a possible cause of male sterility in many male sterile and mutant plants (Izhar and Frankel, 1971; Worrall et al., 1992; Tsuchiya et al., 1995; Jin et al., 1997). There is no report on stress-induced callose expression in the anthers in particular, during chilling in cereal anthers. In chilling-treated rice anthers, callose was suddenly reduced around the dyads and at the early tetrad stage, almost no callose was seen between the tetrads of microspores, unlike tetrads of anthers grown in normal temperatures. This phenomenon might reveal premature callose degradation resembling the cytoplasmic male sterile or mutant plants of other species.
Concomitant with premature callose degradation, chilled rice anthers showed aberrant microspore wall formation. There are significant consequences associated with premature callose degradation and changes of microspore wall formation. Worrall et al. (1992) and Tsuchiya et al. (1995) have shown significant alteration of microspore wall formation as a consequence of premature callose wall degradation in male sterile transgenic tobacco, which resembles the chilling-treated rice anthers. Secretion of a recombinant vacuolar 1,3-β-glucanse from the tapetum of transgenic tobacco plants prior to the appearance of normal callase activity caused drastic inhibition of the exine template (primexine) and subsequent disruption of exine formation (Worrall et al., 1992). Generally, the callose wall is thought to act as a mould for microspore wall formation (Waterkeyn and Beinfait, 1970). In contrast, there are a few species where exine patterning occurs without callose deposition (Periasamy and Amalathas, 1991) or exine forms after microspores are released from tetrads (Christensen et al., 1972).
Truernit et al. (1999) have proposed a plasma membrane-localised monosaccharide transporter, AtSTP2 gene in Arabidopsis, which is only expressed when callose in the tetrads is degraded. A similar transporter, OsMST8 has been identified in rice anthers and showed down-regulation after chilling. This supports the possibility of callose being a source of glucose. It is plausible that in addition to other monosaccharides originating from other wall components or even from the degenerating tapetal cells, OsMST8 or AtSTP2 in the developing pollen would take up the products of callose degradation from the extracellular space for further utilisation. The possibility of such activities is appealing since in rice and other species prior to the meiotic divisions of meiocytes the male gametophyte becomes symplastically isolated from the surrounding sporophytic tissue (Clement and Audran, 1995) and then assimilates needed for gametophytic development have to be taken up by plasma membrane-localised transporters in the developing pollen grain (Truernit et al., 1996; Truernit et al., 1999).
4.3 Starch accumulation and carbohydrate metabolism
Low temperatures induce a substantial amount of starch accumulation in the plastids of rice anthers, however, pollen grains show starch depletion and reduced viability (Oliver et al., 2005). Causes of this are not clear, but there are a whole variety of steps in the carbohydrate cycle in the anther where metabolism or storage of sugar might be upset by chilling. A cell wall-bound acid invertase (OsINV4), which breaks sucrose to fructose and glucose in rice anthers, is poorly expressed or down-regulated by chilling treatment (Oliver et al., 2005). In situ hybridisation results showed that high levels of OsINV4 gene expression were seen in the vascular bundle, endothecium and tapetum during early microspore stage just after microspores were released from tetrads. However, this gene expression was not detected in any of the anther walls and connective tissues during the same stage of development in chilling-treated plants (Oliver et al., 2005). Furthermore, OsMST8 was also repressed by chilling. Repression of both OsINV4 and OsMST8 most likely lead to blockage of sugar supply to the tapetum and pollen grain at a critical point of anther development and help in starch accumulation at plastids in the anther wall.
Additionally, symplastic transport is restricted at the endothecium/middle layer interface in chilled-induced plants. Starch accumulation in the endothecium could therefore be a mechanism to reduce the levels of unused sucrose as it accumulates in the outer cell layers of the anther. Indeed, sugar accumulation in anther tissue has been clearly demonstrated as a characteristic of stresses that lead to male sterility (Saini and Westgate, 2000; Oliver et al., 2005). The role of anther chloroplasts as starch storing buffers to control cellular sugar level has also been demonstrated before in anthers cultured under high sugar concentrations (Clement and Audran, 1995). In addition there are some other possible processes that might result in such a starch accumulation e.g. starch degradative enzymes (e.g. α- and β-amylase and phosphorylase) and sucrose synthase (SucS), which could be altered by chilling, leading to a build up of sugars in these cells; or chilling might decrease the energy demand of the meiocytes or tapetal cells leading to an over-supply of sugars in the anther wall cell layers.
Lalonde et al. (1997a,b) observed that water deficit in wheat anthers increased starch accumulation in the connective tissues at early microsporogenesis. They speculated that this arose from a decrease in carbon utilisation. Activities of soluble acid invertase and cell wall-bound invertases in wheat and rice anthers of water deficit plants decline dramatically, resulting from inhibited gene expression and do not recover even after plants are rehydrated (Koonjul et al., 2005). These attributions of the inhibited invertase activities have been corroborated by another report in tobacco. After meiosis in tobacco, an extracellular invertase, designated as Nin88 (Goetz et al., 2001) is expressed in the tapetal cells and follows a distinct expression pattern during pollen development. Tissue-specific antisense inhibition of Nin88 under control of the corresponding promoter reduces apoplastic invertase activity leading to a developmental arrest of the symplastically isolated pollen at the unicellular microspore stage, thus inducing male sterility (Goetz et al., 2001).
Generally, invertase maintains sucrose concentration gradients between source and sink organs (Sturm et al., 1995; Kim et al., 2000). On the other hand, the sugar level in plant cells modulates the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (Koch, 1996). The whole sugar regulation process is thus tightly controlled, with the levels of one component directly affecting the levels of all the others. Thus, starch accumulation in chilling-induced anther walls is a phenomenon of whole sugar regulation in the anther.
The accumulation of abnormal quantities of starch also suggests disruption of the assimilated supply from endothecium cells towards other cell layers and mostly to the growing microspores in the chilled rice anthers. Thus, they are depleted of starch (Oliver et al., 2005). Interrupted symplastic transport pathway in chilling-stressed anthers could restrict carbon transport towards the locule, increase the concentrations of sugars in the outer cell layers and stimulate starch accumulation in the plastids of anther wall tissues.
This research was supported by grants from the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Rice Production (established and supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research centres Program), Australia. The authors wish to thank Dr. Rudy Dolferus at CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra for providing us with the OsMST8 cDNA and technical advice and Dr. Xiaochun Zhao at PBI Cobbitty for assistance in growing rice plants. We also thank Dr. Jane Radford, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney for assistance with paraffin embedding.
Conicella C, Genualdo, G, Lucia, R, Ramulu, KS, Cardi, T. Early tapetal degeneration and meiotic defects are involved in the male sterility of Solanum commersonii plus S. tuberosum somatic hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 1997:95:609-17
Dorion S, Lalonde, S, Saini, HS. Induction of male sterility in wheat by meiotic-stage water deficit is preceded by a decline in invertase activity and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in anthers. Plant Physiol 1996:111:137-45
Doughty J, Dixon, S, Hiscock, SJ, Wills, AC, Parkin, IP, Dickinson, HG. PCP-A1, a defensin-like Brassica pollen coat protein that binds the S locus glycoprotein, is the product of gametophytic gene expression. Plant Cell 1998:10:1333-47
Goetz M, Godt, DE, Guivarc'h, A, Kahmann, U, Chriqui, D, Roitsch, T. Induction of male sterility in plants by metabolic engineering of the carbohydrate supply. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001:98:6522-7
Hernould M, Suharsono, S, Zabaleta, E, Carde, JP, Litvak, S, Araya, A. Impairment of tapetum and mitochondria in engineered male-sterile tobacco plants. Plant Mol Biol 1998:36:499-508
Imin N, Kerim, T, Weinman, JJ, Rolfe, BG. Low temperature treatment at the young microspore stage induces protein changes in rice anthers. Mol Cell Prot 2006:5:274-92
Ito N. Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants. 17. Changes in carbohydrates, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds in rice anthers during cooling treatment. Jpn J Crop Sci 1978:47:324-9
Izhar S, Frankel, R. Mechanism of male sterility in Petunia: the relationship between pH, callase activity in the anthers, and breakdown of the microsporogenesis. Theor Appl Genet 1971:41:104-8
Koonjul PK, Minhas, JS, Nunes, C, Sheoran, IS, Saini, HS. Selective transcriptional down-regulation of anther invertases precedes the failure of pollen development in water-stressed wheat. J Exp Bot 2005:56:409:179-90
Kim JY, Mahé, A, Brangeon, J, Prioul, JL. A maize vacuolar invertase, IVR2, is induced by the water stress. Organ/tissue specificity and diurnal modulation of expression. Plant Physiol 2000:124:77-84
Lalonde S, Beebe, DW, Saini, HS. Early signs of disruption of wheat anther development associated with the induction of male sterility by meiotic-stage water deficit. Sex Plant Reprod 1997:10:40-8
Lalonde S, Morse, D, Saini, HS. Expression of a wheat ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene during development of normal and water-stress-affected anthers. Plant Mol Biol 1997:34:445-53
Mamun EA, Cantrill, LC, Overall, RL, Sutton, BG. Cellular organisation and differentiation of organelles in pre-meiotic rice anthers. Cell Biol Int 2005:29:9:792-802
Mamun EA, Cantrill, LC, Overall, RL, Sutton, BG. Cellular organisation in meiotic and early post-meiotic rice anthers. Cell Biol Int 2005:29:11:903-13
Oliver SN, van Dongen, JT, Alfred, SC, Mamun, EA, Zhao, X, Saini, HS. Cold-induced repression of the rice anther-specific cell wall invertase gene OsINV4 is correlated with sucrose accumulation and pollen sterility. Plant Cell Environ 2005:28:1534-51
Periasamy K, Amalathas, J. Absence of callose and tetrad in the microsporogenesis of Pandanus odoratissimus with well-formed pollen exine. Ann Bot 1991:67:29-33
Raghavan V. Molecular embrylogy of glowering plants. 1997:
Reyes BG, Morsy, M, Gibbons, J, Varma, TSN, Antoine, W, McGrath, JM. A snapshot of the low temperature stress transcriptome of developing rice seedlings (Oryza sativa) via ESTs from subtracted cDNA library. Theor Appl Genet 2003:107:1071-82
Saini HS, Sedgley, M, Aspinall, D. Developmental anatomy in wheat of male sterility induced by heat stress, water deficit or abscisic acid. Aust J Plant Physiol 1984:243-53
Satake T, Hayase, H. Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants. V. Estimation of pollen developmental stage and the most sensitive stage to coolness. Proc Crop Sci Soc Jpn 1970:39:468-73
Sheoran IS, Saini, HS. Drought-induced male sterility in rice: changes in carbohydrate levels and enzyme activities associated with the inhibition of starch accumulation in pollen. Sex Plant Reprod 1996:9:161-9
Sturm A, Sebkova, V, Lorenz, K, Hardegger, M, Lienhard, S, Unger, C. Development- and organ-specific expression of the genes for sucrose synthase and three isoenzymes of acid β-fructofuranosidase in carrot. Planta 1995:195:4:601-10
Truernit E, Schmid, J, Epple, P, IIIig, J, Sauer, N. A sink specific and stress regulated Arabidopsis STP4 gene: enhanced expression of a gene encoding a monosaccharide transporter by wounding, elicitors and pathogen challenge. Plant Cell 1996:8:2169-82
Tsuchiya T, Toriyama, K, Yoshikawa, M, Ejiri, S, Hinata, K. Tapetum-specific expression of the gene for an endo-β-1,3-glucanase causes male sterility in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol 1995:36:487-94
Worrall D, Hird, DL, Hodge, R, Draper, JPW, Scott, R. Premature dissolution of the microsporocyte callose wall causes male sterility in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell 1992:4:759-71
Received 7 December 2005/3 February 2006; accepted 9 March 2006doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.004 | agronomy |
http://www.spaceoflove.com/teaching_plants_and_plant_science.htm | 2018-02-23T18:31:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814827.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223174348-20180223194348-00545.warc.gz | 0.880476 | 1,029 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__38529881 | en | Teaching Plants and Plant Science.
|Anastasia||Books||Eco-tourism||Dolmens||Sacred relations||Dolmen Retreat||Dolmen pictures||SoL Magazine||My Store!||Teaching Plant Science||Links|
Flowers can brighten a home or a garden unlike anything else. Whether you're a first-time gardener, a plant sciences student or are simply curious about the natural world, there are many resources online to inform and inspire your gardening future. Growing your own flowers can be a rewarding pursuit, as you watch them transform from seeds to seedlings to blossoming plants. Many seasoned gardeners also order flowers and plants online to fill out the array of colors in their home gardens and include exotic species in their bouquets.
Refer to this website for resources related to butterfly-attracting plants.
A kid-friendly resource includes information on everything from roses to Christmastime flowers.
A school-run website includes wide-ranging environmental themes.
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This organization features resources related to preserving natural forest land.
A thorough list of links teaches kids about all aspects of growing.
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Peruse these links for information on everything related to flowers.
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The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation provides thorough information sheets about pollinator conservation.
Educators or parents can refer to these lesson plans to teach kids about pollination.
These plan-themed lessons are good for a range of ages and learning levels.
From PBS Learning Media, this lesson focuses on the stages of life that a plant goes through.
A unit of lessons focuses on various plant-related themes, especially for grades PreK through 2.
The National Park Service provides this informative third-grade lesson plan about plant growth.
Teach young learners using this lesson plan from the Partnership for Reform through Investigative Science and Math.
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These companies help the BTO to preserve bird habitats and bird populations in the UK and worldwide.
The Oregon State University Extension Service furnishes gardeners with a wealth of useful information.
Washington State University has put together this primer on preparing a flower bed.
From Cornell University Cooperative Extension and Department of Horticulture, these lessons focus on plant biology and gardening themes.
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The American Horticultural Society provides a countrywide map of the Master Gardener programs offered around the United States.
The University of Vermont Extension Master Gardener Program provides resources on everything from composting to soil testing to plant hardiness maps.
From Penn State University Extension, this resource covers all aspects of keeping bees for honey.
The University of Illinois Extension Service maintains a searchable database of gardening FAQs.
From the Royal Horticultural Society, this guide outlines your first steps as a gardener.
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Colorado State University Extension maintains a lengthy directory of online resources for gardening and yard care, most available for free download.
Home gardening is a great opportunity to teach your children more about nature and the world around them.
Build Sacred Relations with dolmens through your photo:
Feel free to send your suggestions, corrections or comments to Yuri Smirnov at [email protected]
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https://www.mpguardian.co.za/2019/11/04/mpumalanga-marks-annual-arbor-week/ | 2021-05-07T00:52:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988774.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210506235514-20210507025514-00463.warc.gz | 0.957493 | 379 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__69341236 | en | by ANNA NTABANE
KAMEELRIVER, (Mpumalanga Guardian) – UNEMPLOYED members of the community in Mpumalanga have been encouraged to plant trees and vegetables as a way of ensuring food security for their families.
The call was made as Mpumalanga province joined the rest of the country in commemorating the recently concluded Arbor Week, an opportune time to call on all South Africans to plant indigenous trees as a practical and symbolic gesture of sustainable environmental management.
Mpumalanga made the most of the commemorations to roll out its Zonda Indaba (Despise Hunger) programme.
Community and farmers received plants and gardening material from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) at an event at Ga-Morwe community hall in Kameelriver, KwaNdebele in the Nkangala District Municipality
“We have planted so many trees. Our aim is to plant eatable trees for each household in Mpumalanga to chase hunger” said DAFF Acting Head of Department, Lucky Monareng.
Arbor Week is celebrated annually on the first week of September.
The aim is to create awareness on about the 2 000 indigenous tree species and the role they play in the environment.
Vusimuzi Shongwe, Member of the Executive Council (MEC): Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs, said in addition to providing fruits and oxygen, trees were key in addressing disasters emanating from climate change.
“When you see trees drying, that means hunger,” Shongwe continued.
This year’s Arbor Week was held under the theme, “Forests and
In Mpumalanga, focus was on mitigating climate change and air pollution. | agronomy |
http://www.imagesbynicki.com/blog/2017/4/lifestyle-photography-galloway-nj | 2018-07-16T22:15:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589470.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716213101-20180716233101-00513.warc.gz | 0.989408 | 518 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__126430900 | en | Welcome to Dannyland! I took a few photos over spring break that I thought I'd share with a little story about us. Each year “my tribe” plants all sorts of vegetables and berries in our very large garden. But with all our busy days, it was so hard to keep up with. The weeds took over and although we got lovely veggies and harvests, it was a little too much work for us and our super busy schedules. This year over spring break we decided to try something different and plant a corn field. I think it's going to be a cool spot for photos and we should have corn coming out of our ears by late summer. Haha. There's also hopefully going to be a little plot of wildflowers too! Fingers crossed because some of you know I tried that before and they didn't grow. If there can be a way to have split sessions here at the Galloway photography studio, I'd be the happiest photographer ever! (Half session in studio and half outdoors in our garden or barn)
It was chilly the day we planted the corn and oddly enough, only the littlest Gill was here. (The big kids seem to have disappeared) lol! And this is my Love. He's the most amazing man. He can fix anything. He can build anything. He works so hard for all of us. And I am so lucky. I really wanted to capture how much he loves the land. He is an outdoor man. He had no idea I was shooting a bunch of photos of him. At one point he stuck his head in the stinky bag of corn and I captured that moment through a raspberry bush. The light was dim this day and we had to wear winter shirts and jackets but still, these moments mean so much to me. I have not had a lot of time for my own projects at all. I really want to make it a point to do this a little more. I forced myself to use lenses that I don't use enough and tried a few tricks like altering the background bokeh with shaped filters. I am going to make a book from these and save it for my grand-babies someday.
Some of you have been here to the property. I always let you know ahead of time that is very rustic. Lol! I thought that maybe sharing this day of planting corn would help you be able to see where the studio is and how our little tribe lives. And maybe I'll be able to do a part two or three as the corn grows. | agronomy |
https://happy-food-kitchen.com/bakeing/does-boiled-egg-water-benefit-plants.html | 2023-03-29T01:10:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948900.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328232645-20230329022645-00611.warc.gz | 0.94684 | 4,258 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__9754158 | en | You may also use the water that was used to boil eggs, as this water is rich in the calcium that the plant requires to develop. Because it behaves similarly to a fertilizer and provides your plants with the nourishment they require to live, this strategy for watering your plants is effective. If you do not have the room or the time to construct a compost pile, this is an excellent alternative for you to consider.
What can I do with the water from boiled eggs?
Simply put, when you boil a large number of eggs while they are still in their shells, the water that is left behind is more calcium-rich than it has ever been. As a result, using this water to water your houseplants is not a terrible idea. Before adding the water to the soil of your plants, you need to make sure that you wait until it has cooled down to room temperature first.
What kinds of plants are helped by egg shell water?
According to Savio, plants such as tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants will profit tremendously from the application of shell fertilizer. The additional calcium will assist in warding off blossom-end rot. In addition to broccoli, cauliflower, Swiss chard, spinach, and amaranth, eggshells are a good source of calcium for people who eat these vegetables.
Can plants use the shells from hard-boiled eggs?
Eggshells are an excellent nutrient for the plants that you keep in containers.
Calcium is taken up by plants from the earth, where it is then used for growth and development. In addition, eggshells provide more than 90 percent calcium carbonate and other minerals that are essential for the soil that your plants are growing in. Therefore, give this a go if you wish to heal your plants.
How is egg water made for plants?
Bring a gallon of water to a boil, and then stir in ten eggshells that have been thoroughly cleaned and dried. You can add the shells of up to 20 eggs to your brew if you want it to be stronger. After allowing the shells to soak in the water for the night, strain it the next morning. Calcium and potassium will be delivered to the plants more efficiently if the concentrate is poured directly over the soil.
Do eggs benefit plants?
Absolutely, you are able to place uncooked eggs in your garden. Melody Estes explains that raw eggs have a high concentration of protein and will stimulate the growth of stronger plants in your garden. According to the knowledgeable source, not only are they a rich source of nitrogen, but they also contribute to the decomposition of organic matter and the feeding of the soil.
Can you use the yolk of boiled eggs as fertilizer?
It is probably not a good idea to use boiled egg yolk directly as a fertilizer; it will have no nutritional value to plants as the nutrients in boiled egg yolk are not broken down in simple and absorbable form to plants. Using boiled egg yolk directly as a fertilizer is probably not a good idea. In order to be used as fertilizer, any organic material must first be rotten and then thoroughly broken down.
Which plants enjoy water from boiled eggs?
Because it contains essential nutrients for plant growth, egg water that has been boiled can be beneficial on a wide variety of plants.
How frequently ought I to sprinkle eggshells in my garden?
The plants are able to develop with very few issues because they are able to get calcium from the eggshells. Before planting, you should first sprinkle eggshells into each hole for the best results. After that, do this once every two weeks: sprinkle extra shells around the base of your plants.
How are eggshells prepared for fertilizer?
Eggshells are beneficial to the formation of roots.
Eggshells should be washed and dried before being crushed into a powder. After adding the powdered eggshells to the water that has been brought to a boil, cover the mixture and put it away for one week, exposing it just once each day to stir it. After seven days, pour the mixture straight into the soil a few inches above where the plant’s roots are located.
Is the water from boiled eggs toxic?
When eggs are boiled, a gas known as hydrogen sulfide is produced in the whites of the eggs. This gas is poisonous. This is especially the case when the eggs are boiled for an excessive amount of time. If you’ve ever observed that the yolk of an overcooked egg has a green covering, it’s a warning indication that the egg was cooked for too long and you shouldn’t consume it.
Do eggshells need to be rinsed before composting?
Should Eggshells Be Cleaned Before Being Put in the Compost? Before adding eggshells to your compost pile, it is strongly recommended, but not required, that you wash them first. To begin, cleaning them increases the rate at which they will decompose after they are placed in the compost bin. Second, it is essential to keep them clean so as not to entice any unwanted animal visitors.
How do you use a boiled egg yolk for plants?
These are typically thrown away after the egg itself has been fried, despite the fact that they contribute calcium to the soil. Simply break up the shells and incorporate them into the dirt. To make use of eggshells in another manner, you may boil them together with water and use the liquid that is produced. This eliminates the concerns voiced about using raw eggs as fertilizer while maintaining the beneficial effects on the soil.
Is boiled vegetable water good for plants?
When vegetable water is collected from food wastes, it may be utilized as a source of fertilizer for plants. Plants will receive the appropriate quantity of essential plant nutrients from vegetable water. These plant nutrients include mineral ions (magnesium, calcium, and iron), micro- and macronutrients (NPK), and NPK. When given to plants, these nutrients encourage healthy growth and development.
Is egg water good for tomato plants?
Eggshells, which are a good source of calcium, can assist the tomato plant better control the amount of water it takes in, which can prevent the fruit from rotting. And it’s not the only thing that calcium can accomplish. The plant’s cell walls gain strength from the presence of this super mineral. In addition to this, it promotes the balanced, healthy, and efficient movement of water and carbohydrates throughout the body.
Can I use expired eggs as fertilizer?
You are not required to dispose of eggs that have gone bad. If you utilize them to produce fertilizer and feed them to hens, they may still be put to good use and serve a beneficial function. You understood that correctly. The eggs that have passed their expiration date can be fed to your hens.
Is egg yellow good for plants?
NO! There is animal protein in egg yolk. Before plants can make use of it, it must first be broken down into smaller pieces. That indicates that it must decompose, which produces a smell that draws in flies and other insects.
What can you do with boiled egg yolk?
Ways to Use Leftover Hard Boiled Egg Yolks
- Deviled eggs are made by mashing eggs and adding avocado, plain yogurt, or mustard.
- Any dish that is already somewhat chunky, such as tuna, chicken, or chickpea salad, macaroni and cheese, or bolognese spaghetti sauce, should be crumbled and mixed in.
- For avocado toast, spread the mixture onto the bread and top with mashed avocado.
Can hard boiled eggs be composted?
Can Eggs That Have Been Hard-Boiled Be Composted? Yes, you are welcome to include eggs that have been hard-boiled in your compost. The majority of people who argue against this point out that, much like other meats, dairy goods, and whole eggs, hard-boiled eggs will attract mice and generate smells as they decay. Other people who fight against this point out that raw eggs will also attract rodents.
Can I use boiled water for plants?
Uses. Any plant that comes into contact with water that is either still boiling or that is extremely hot after having been boiled will perish as a result of being scalded. Because of this, boiling water is an excellent organic weed killer, but it is not an excellent supply of water for maintaining plant life.
What to add to water to help plants grow?
- baking soda, 1 teaspoon.
- Epsom salts, 1 tablespoon.
- 1/2 tsp. of ammonia
- water, one gallon.
How long do you boil eggshells for plants?
Eggshells should be crushed and then boiled in one quart of water before being allowed to sit for a full day. This will allow the plant nutrients that are contained in the shells to become infused into the water over a sufficient period of time. Once that is complete, simply strain the water, and it will be ready for use!
How do you mix eggshells in soil?
In order to prepare the eggshells, first crush them using a blender, grinder, or mortar and pestle, and then work them into the soil. It takes eggshells quite some time to break down and become available for absorption by the roots of a plant, thus it is advised that they be tilled into the soil in the fall rather than any other time of year. The springtime is the perfect time to incorporate more shells into your soil.
Are eggshells good for all plants?
Calcium, which can be found in eggshells, is beneficial to the soil in a garden since it reduces the acidity of the soil while also delivering nutrients to the plants. Eggshells have a high calcium content, which makes it possible to use them in place of lime in some applications; nevertheless, you would require a significant quantity of eggshells to see any noticeable results.
Do eggshells attract rats?
Some people also believe that rats are drawn to eggshells because of their high mineral content, which sets them apart from the other materials that are often composted since they are not entirely organic. As a result, eggshells are an excellent supply of calcium, with an average of 2.2 grams of the mineral included in each dried eggshell.
How long do eggshells take to decompose?
How long does it take for the shell of an egg to break down completely? Eggshells have a decomposition time of more than three years. A research on the breakdown of eggshells discovered that the outer shell remained intact despite being buried for a whole year.
Can you drink eggshell water?
Eggshell water may be taken by adding about a spoonful of it to a glass of water several times during the day. This is a nice way to consume the eggshell water. Because it does not have a flavor of its own, it will not alter the flavor of whatever you are drinking. Because of this, it is very simple to include into many beverages, such as smoothies, iced chai teas, milk, juice, kombucha, water, etc.
What happens if you keep boiling an egg?
When you boil it for a long time, it turns into a rubbery substance and is overdone. After then, things begin to take on an air of ambiguity. Eggs are packed to the brim with protein molecules that are curled up. A runny raw egg is transformed into a solid and rubbery cooked egg as a result of the proteins in the egg being heated to the point when they uncoil and connect up with one another to form a three-dimensional lattice.
How come boiled eggs turn black?
Our solution. A sulphur ring is the name given to the black ring that develops around the yolk of an egg after it has been cooked thoroughly. During the boiling process, the sulphur and hydrogen in the egg white mix to release sulphur dioxide gas. This gas then combines with the iron in the yolk to produce a black ring around the egg.
Can you put too many eggshells in compost?
Eggshells are a great addition to any compost pile, and it’s unlikely that you can have too many of them. If you crush them up, the calcium and potassium they contain will quickly be transferred into your compost. If you only crush some of the shells or leave some of them intact, it will take longer for the remaining shells to be broken down.
Are orange peels good compost?
Yes indeed! Orange peels can be added to the compost that you are mixing. By adding citrus peels to your compost, you may boost the activity of the microorganisms in your soil by taking use of the high nitrogen content of the peels. As a source of fertilizer for your compost pile, you can include fruit peels such as grapes, lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits.
What do I do with expired eggs?
Here are three ways to dispose of your old eggs:
- Put them in the garbage. People most frequently employ this technique.
- Utilize the trash disposal. You can always dispose of your raw eggs using the garbage disposal at home.
- Recycle the eggs. Old eggs can also be composted.
How should I dispose of expired eggs?
Putting eggs that have gone bad or are still uncooked in the disposal of your garbage disposal is the safest option. The best way to dispose of rotten eggs is to crack them and put the contents down the garbage disposal. Keep in mind that you should not flush the shells down the toilet as they have the potential to clog and even break your pipes. Eggs are subject to certain regulations on storage from the FDA.
Is egg white good for plant leaves?
Shine houseplant leaves
After giving your plants with smooth leaves a little dusting, combine the egg whites with lukewarm water in a separate bowl, and then saturate a cotton ball with the egg white mixture. To produce shine and provide protection, make light strokes either downward or outward on the tops of the leaves of your plant. Avoid working on the underside of the leaves.
Is rice water good for plants?
Research indicates that water derived from rice is superior to that obtained from the tap and promotes significantly faster plant growth than regular water does. Because of the way that all of this is combined in the water, it may be of use to the plants in a variety of different ways. In addition to this, it contains starch, which helps beneficial microorganisms thrive in the rhizosphere.
Is urine good for plants?
Urine is loaded with nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, which are essential elements for plant growth and the primary components of most commercial mineral fertilizers. These minerals may be found in abundance in urine.
How do you make healthy plant water?
Putting this method into action is as easy as adding compost to water, letting it sit for some time to allow the nutrients to dissolve into the solution, and then filtering the solution before using it to water your plants, diluting it as necessary.
How can I make my tomato plants grow faster?
Here are 12 tips on how you can make your tomato plants grow faster and get juicy red fruit sooner than ever before!
- Pick an early-season variety.
- Warm up your tomatoes.
- Mulch with black plastic.
- Avoid using organic mulch too soon.
- Give off a lot of light.
- Water with caution.
- Feed your tomato frequently.
- Get your tomato plants to harden off.
Can you put whole eggs in garden?
In order to add nutrients back into the soil, many gardeners utilize eggs in their gardens. You may try adding eggshells to your compost pile. Before you plant tomato seeds, you might want to try putting eggshells or perhaps a whole egg in the hole first.
What does egg yolk do for your face?
Because egg yolk is mostly composed of water and lipids, it is an excellent water-binding agent that locks moisture into the cells of your skin. As a result, your face will be left feeling smooth and supple after using egg yolk. Egg-yolk face masks are extremely beneficial for individuals who suffer from dry skin or skin that is prone to flaking. Egg yolks include nutrients that can help hydrate, nourish, and moisturize skin that is dry and drab.
What are the benefits of egg yolks?
When an egg is consumed in its whole, including both the yolk and the white, the individual will receive the most benefit nutritionally from the egg. The egg’s yolk is where the majority of the nutrient-rich components are found. Research conducted in laboratories has shown that some molecules found in egg yolk may be able to alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort, strengthen immunological function, and lower blood pressure.
Why is my hard-boiled egg GREY?
When an egg is cooked until the yolk is firm, a ring of a greenish-gray color may form around the yolk. It doesn’t seem very nice, but it won’t hurt you in any way. The ring is the result of a chemical process that takes place at the surface of the egg yolk and involves sulfur, which comes from the egg white, and iron, which comes from the egg yolk. This reaction results in the formation of ferrous sulfide.
What should you not put in compost?
7 Things You Shouldn’t Compost
- PRODUCTS OF MILK AND MEAT. While perfectly biodegradable, meat and dairy products can draw unwanted pests to your yard or green bin.
- BAKED TREATS.
- REPAIRED SAWDUST
- EXTREMELY ACID FOODS.
- GREASY FOOD & OILS
- human and pet waste
What is the best water for plants?
What Kind of Water is Best for Your Plants?
- Rainwater and bottled spring water are your best options for giving your plants the best care possible.
- Your plants won’t actually be harmed by distilled water, but you’ll notice that they won’t grow as tall or as quickly as ones that are watered with rainwater or bottled spring water.
What does potato water do for plants?
Potatoes provide a number of minerals and nutrients that are useful for plants and may be used as fertilizer. Potato water has the ability to offer plants with over 350 milligrams of potassium (K) per one hundred grams. Potassium is a macronutrient that, together with phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and zinc, is needed by plants to create tolerance to environmental stress.
Is banana water good for plants?
It’s possible that giving your plants water made from bananas will backfire. The majority of plant species require a fertilizer that is well-balanced and provides all three of the macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. If you fertilize your plants with nothing but water from bananas, at most your plants will receive a trace quantity of potassium, but none of the other nutrients they require.
What makes plants grow faster and bigger?
The most fundamental elements that contribute to a plant’s ability to develop more quickly and to a greater size are love and care, as well as water, air, light, soil nutrients, and the ideal temperature.
How can I make my plants grow faster without fertilizer?
10 Secret Ingredients to Make Your Garden Grow
- Ash Wood. 1/11 Due to its high alkaline content, wood ash is excellent at balancing acidic soil.
- 2/11. Bananas.
- 3/11 Compost Tea
- 4/11 Club Soda.
- 5/11. Aquarium Water.
- Ground coffee. 6/11.
- 7/11 Eggshells
- 8/11 Tea Leaves
What is the best homemade fertilizer for plants?
6 Easy Home-Made DIY Fertilizers For Your Plants
- EGGSHELLS: Eggs are a great source of calcium and potassium for humans, so it makes sense that plants would benefit from eating them for breakfast.
- GREEN STRIPPINGS:
- PEANUT PEELS: | agronomy |
http://abundantlifeseedafrica.org/2012/08/06/farming-gods-way-success-story-in-south-sudan-yei-river-county/ | 2020-08-10T01:52:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738603.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810012015-20200810042015-00365.warc.gz | 0.934928 | 778 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__157423256 | en | [Ed: as written by Mr Erezenios, or see attached original document]
This is a true story from the writer Mr. Hakim Erezenios. K. I live in a village called hai City in Yei River County, Central Equatoria State – South Sudan.
I am privileged to share my experiences and results of the work with you friends working in the sector of Agriculture domain. It is more of pictures captured during various phases of events. To me, Farming Gods’ Way is a definite solution that has been hidden from mankind for centauries as we struggle to address the recurring crop failure within farming households.
Dear comrades, as pictures speak thousand wards, I do hope that you are most likely to pick the real impression of Farming Gods’ way in Yei- South Sudan as you look through these pictures.
If we use the result of this demonstration plot to compute results in terms of feddan/hectare, we will have the following results:
1. Results based on a feddan
Area of one feddan = 70m x 60m = 4200m2
Size of the demonstration plot = 6m x 6m = 36m2
:. 4200m/36m = 116.7plot/feddan
But yield per a demonstration plot = 26.5kg
:. 26.5kg X 116.7 (number of plots in a feddan) = 3092.55kg/feddan
Number of 50kg bags per feddan = 3092.55/50kg = 61.85bags/feddan
2. Results based on hectare
Area of a hectare = 100m x 100m = 10,000m2
Area of demonstration plot = 6m x 6m = 36m2
Number of plots in one hectare = Area of a hectare/Area of a demonstration plot = 10,000m2 /36m2 = 277.8plots
Yield per plot = 26.5kg
Therefore, yield per hectare = 26.5kg x 277.8plots = 7361.7kg/ha
Number of 50kg bags per hectare = 7361.7kg/50kg = 147.2bgs/ha
Dear friends, I tell you that the universal remote control for breaking the York [ed: yolk] of poverty amongst the rural communities is called “FARMING GODS’ WAY”. The truth is that the beginning seems to be hard and that holds truth with all forms of work in the planet. I can see that through faith and commitment, we can turn the world around so as to realize our dream.
The only problem with our remote control is lack of “battery”, “this is a joke”, what I really mean is lack of knowledge by the farmers about this universal remote control.
I urge all who may real this reality in life to mobilize all the necessary resources to make sure that knowledge about this universal remote control is made accessible to all farmers. Let us Farming Gods’ Way along side our millions of dollars used in the agriculture domain that seem fruitless over centuries. By doing so I know God will bless us and our work too, to yield abundantly.
The benefits of Farming gods’ Way is not limited to yield increase alone but also soil macro and micro biology improvement, reduce expense in terms of fertilizer application and reduced soil erosion among others.
My recommendation is that all who have heard about Farming Gods’ Way must use all forms of efforts within a reach to expand the extension of Farming Gods’ Way around the world.
Below are some pictures that you will use to justify the claimed success: | agronomy |
https://garden-designer.co.uk/drought-resistant-gardening?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=drought-resistant-gardening | 2020-08-04T13:53:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804131928-20200804161928-00059.warc.gz | 0.926634 | 1,438 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__118816410 | en | For the enthusiastic gardeners amongst us, the hosepipe ban currently affecting an ever-increasing number of regions across the South of England is more than an inconvenience it?s a potential disaster.
But do not despair. With a little thought and reorganisation, you can conserve water, minimise drought damage and still ensure you have a summer garden that?s the envy of all your neighbours!
How? It?s simple?????
1. Improve Moisture Retention in the Soil
Limit evaporation from the soil by mulching soil surfaces. This will significantly improve moisture retention. There are several different types of mulch which can be employed for this purpose:-
a. Organic Mulches
The best organic matter to use would be –
(i) Animal Manure making sure that it is well rotted.
(ii) Mushroom Compost though this should not be used on very chalky soil or acid loving plants.
(iii) Garden Compost when the texture has turned ?crumbly?.
(iv) Leaf Mould this compost will suit acid loving plants (recycling garden waste into compost makes one of the cheapest soil conditioners).
(v) Chipped Bark make sure you buy chipped bark, not chipped wood. But be careful: when dry and in a strong wind, it tends to blow about the garden!
b. Non Organic Mulches
(i) Gravel or other Aggregates excellent, long lasting inorganic mulch available in a range of colours, textures and sizes
(ii) Grass cuttings compost with other material first (never compost grass cuttings that have been freshly treated with herbicide).
(iii) Cocoa shells a good, light, porous mulch with small amounts of nutrients
(iv) Rocks, Pebbles & Glass Nuggets are a colourful, efficient alternative to all of the above.
When using an inorganic matter as mulch on the soil, first prepare the site by pegging down a porous membrane on top of the soil. The weight of the inorganic mulch will help anchor anchor the membrane and prevent the gravel or glass nuggets from becoming buried in the soil.
2. Water Butts
Place water butts in the garden in strategic spots where they can catch water from the roof of your home, garage and garden outbuildings. Water butts can be inter-linked using hosepipe to allow the maximum amount of water to be stored.
Call Original Organics for under half price Water Butts including a down-pipe connecter and a watering can on tel. 01884 841515
3. Recycle Domestic Water
Do not use water though that contains bleach or detergent. Bath water can be used so long as you rotate the type of water given in one area. Make sure that the water is not poured directly on to the leaves.
4. Lay a Drought Tolerant Lawn
Grassed areas are the first to suffer from a hosepipe ban. Consider reducing the size of your lawn and possibly replacing it with a Gravel Bed or a lawn made up of thyme or camomile. Alternatively, you could consider hard landscaping.
However, if you?re set on keeping your lawn, a turf company in the South of England called Sovereign has developed a Drought Tolerant Grass called ?Xeris? details of which can be found by following the link.
5. The Hard Landscaping Option
There are a variety of surfaces other than lawn that offer interest and texture in the garden. These include:-
(a) Paving Leaving a space between the paving stones for creeping plants such as thyme can soften the edges of a hard-paved area. Even in dry weather there is usually sufficient moisture beneath the slabs for the efficient growth of alpines. Leaving out the occasional slab can also provide space for a larger plant to be grown.
(b) Cobbles and Aggregates naturally complement each other as well as do plants and can be easily worked into curving shapes and organic patterns. For added colour contrast, glass blocks can also be introduced in small areas.
(c) Gravel This is by far the easiest surface to lay, although it is better not to lay gravel immediately next to the house, as it is easily trodden indoors.
(d) Decking can easily be accommodated in any garden regardless of levels. Using grooved timber helps to prevent slipping when the surface is wet.
Combining the above in an imaginative way will not only enable you to conserve water, but will also provide an area of garden that needs little maintenance. It will also create a cool area where plants will thrive during spells of dry weather.
For more information about any of the above contact Amanda
There are a number of ways in which planting itself can help reduce the amount of water evaporation from the soil:-
(a) Plant more trees – Shade from trees helps to provide cooler pockets of air, whilst the trees themselves create an excellent windbreak to minimise the drying effect of the wind. If your garden occupies a large, windy site, especially near the coast, you could benefit from planting a high hedge or a ?shelter belt? of trees and shrubs. For more advice about this kind of planting contact me by email amanda@garden- designer.co.uk or give me a call on 01903 859757
(b) Grow Plants in Containers – If you grow a lot of patio plants in containers, grouping them together will enable them to produce their own microclimate. It will also help conserve water, as more is required to water more widely spaced plants. Water-retaining granules incorporated in the compost of hanging Baskets and containers will also help keep the soil moist during dryer weather.
(c) Plant Ground Cover – The use of ground cover planting is another very useful way of helping to retain moisture in the soil. Plants with silver coloured foliage are especially effective in achieving this.
The art of good ground cover planting lies in creating drifts of plants, broken by the occasional change of height, shape and colour.
(d) Use Windbreaks – It is not only trees and shrubs that can be useful in slowing down the wind and reducing moisture loss in the garden. More immediate remedies are things like woven willow panels, trellising and baffle fencing, all of which provide instant, effective help in combating the drying process when erected in the right places.
For long term windbreaks, evergreen hedges such as holly or deciduous hedges such as hawthorn are an excellent choice.
(e) Terracing – In sloping gardens, water quickly drains away, leaving slim opportunity for the soil to absorb any moisture. Terracing provides a flat surface to help contain and conserve water supplies. Terracing can be constructed in various ways, one of which is to use sleepers. For more advice on this topic contact me. | agronomy |
http://www.aday.org/profile/58632 | 2013-12-07T16:45:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163054976/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131734-00078-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.972811 | 521 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__55980634 | en | There is a family of Swallows busy building their nest inside of this tree. They fly in and out all day long and have the prettiest song. Glad to have them in my yard.
We are seeding our wheat crop. It is hard red spring variety. This photo shows the farmer getting ready to fill up the seeder.
The farmer is planting canola with a minimum tillage airdrill. He can run for 3 hours before he has to fill the tank on the seeder. This field is 300 acres and he is driving approximately 4.5 mph. May is the time of year that crops are planted on the Canadian prairie. Canola blooms with a pretty yellow flower in July and then the plant makes pods with seeds inside. The seed is then crushed to make canola oil for cooking.
Filling the airdrill with canola seed. The semi truck is full of fertilize and the canola seed is in an old pickup truck (not seen in photo) in 50 pound bags. 8 bags are required to fill the tank with the other tank filled is filled with fertilize. This field is seeded directly into last years wheat stubble with no tillage.
This pair of deer crossed the road in front of me. I slowed to avoid hitting them and for just a minute they stopped and looked at me. Just long enough to grab this photo!
These are a few of the bins used to store grain grown on the farm. The older smaller ones are no longer used as they are too small and the roof has rotted away over time.
This pair of Canadian Geese have spent the spring coming into my yard to feed and then going across the dirt road to swim in the pond. They are not afraid of us at all and are interesting to watch. Soon their little ones will hatch and we will see them swimming along side their parents.
We are seeding Hard Red Spring Wheat on this field. It is minimum tilled with less than 3 cultivations per year. The tractor is a New Holland with 425 HP. Behind the Bourgault air seeder is a Morris harrow packer bar. Pulling all of this at once eliminates having to go over the field twice. The neighbour across the fence is also seeding his crop, seen in the distance. It is a very dry spring and the trees are late leafing out.
Image may not be used without permission of the photographer. If you wish to get in contact with the photographer, please send an email to [email protected]. | agronomy |
https://www.riya-enterprises.in/blog/indian-rice-wholesalers-providing-the-nation-with-quality-rice_15007.htm | 2024-04-25T08:24:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297290384.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425063334-20240425093334-00824.warc.gz | 0.956816 | 799 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__19390939 | en | Posted by Admin on May, 23, 2023
Rice is an essential staple food for the majority of India's population. It forms the base of daily meals and is consumed in various forms and preparations. With the ever-increasing demand for high-quality rice, the role of Indian Rice Wholesalers has become crucial. These wholesalers supply a range of rice products to meet the diverse needs of consumers across the country. In this article, we'll discuss the importance of Indian Rice Wholesalers, the different types of rice they offer, and the factors to consider when choosing a reliable rice wholesaler.
Indian Rice Wholesalers play a crucial role in ensuring that quality rice products reach consumers across the country. They act as intermediaries between rice farmers and retailers and help bridge the gap between the two. By sourcing rice directly from farmers, wholesalers ensure that quality rice is available in the market and that farmers receive fair prices for their produce.
Indian Rice Wholesalers ensure the availability of a wide range of rice varieties to cater to the diverse culinary needs of consumers. They offer different types of rice, including Basmati rice, Non-Basmati rice, and Brown rice, to name a few. They also offer rice in various forms such as raw, parboiled, and steamed.
1. Basmati Rice: Basmati rice is popularly known for its unique aroma, long grains, and delicate flavor. It is grown in the northern part of India and is available in both white and brown varieties. Basmati rice is widely used in biryanis, pulaos, and other rice-based dishes.
2. Non-Basmati Rice: Non-Basmati rice, also known as coarse rice, is grown extensively across India. It is available in different varieties such as Sona Masuri, Ponni rice, and Jeera rice. Non-Basmati rice is generally used in everyday meals and is also used in the preparation of snacks and sweets.
3. Brown Rice: Brown rice is unpolished rice that retains the bran and germ layers. It is considered to be a healthier alternative to white rice as it contains more fiber and nutrients. Brown rice is ideal for people who are conscious of their diet and are looking for a healthier alternative.
1. Quality of Rice: The quality of rice is of utmost importance when choosing a reliable wholesaler. Look for wholesalers who offer high-quality rice that is free from any impurities or defects.
2. Packaging: The packaging of rice plays a significant role in preserving the quality of the product. A reliable rice wholesaler will use high-quality packaging that protects the rice from moisture, pests, and other external factors.
3. Certifications: Look for wholesalers who have the necessary certifications in place, such as ISO, FSSAI, and HACCP, to ensure that their rice products are of the highest quality.
4. Pricing: The price of rice is an important factor to consider when choosing a reliable wholesaler. Look for the Indian Rice wholesalers who offer competitive rates without compromising on the quality of the product.
Indian Rice Wholesalers play a crucial role in ensuring the availability of quality rice products in the market. They help bridge the gap between rice farmers and retailers and ensure that consumers have access to a wide range of rice varieties. When choosing a reliable rice wholesaler, it is important to consider the quality of rice, packaging, certifications, and pricing.
Investing in high-quality rice provided by reliable wholesalers is essential in ensuring that your meals are nutritious and delicious. So choose a reliable Indian rice wholesaler and enjoy the goodness of quality rice in your meals.
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https://www.chambersbaygolf.com/welcomestatus-report/ | 2023-04-02T01:40:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950373.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230402012805-20230402042805-00710.warc.gz | 0.961236 | 816 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__184190493 | en | The Chambers Bay Agronomy Team is excited to welcome you to the Chambers Bay Course Blog. The intention is to provide agronomic updates, providing insight into the practices used on the golf course. Chambers Bay is a unique facility that continues to evolve and we hope you can ride along with us and learn a little along the way.
As you may have recently read in the national media, Chambers Bay is in the midst of a putting green transition. We want to keep you informed of our current status and future plans as they relate to Chambers Bay.
In the Pacific Northwest, the majority of putting greens are composed of Poa annua. In most cases, local greens were initially planted with creeping bentgrass, but “Poa” encroaches over time (typically 10-15 years) and eventually becomes the dominant grass. At Chambers Bay, the putting greens were seeded more than ten years ago with fine fescue and a small percentage of colonial bentgrass, giving them the appropriate firm base for authentic links conditions. However, with time, “Poa” has encroached and become part of the turf stand.
Having made the decision to embrace this inevitability, agronomic practices have been adjusted to accelerate the transition to “Poa” dominated putting surfaces. During this somewhat ungraceful transition, you will notice putting greens that have an especially mottled look, resulting from the presence of multiple varieties of “Poa” as well as the colonial bentgrass and fine fescue with which the greens were originally planted. Though the greens have an unconventional look, we are confident that you will experience smooth, consistent putting surfaces.
Unfortunately, we do have one exception. In mid-July, the 7th green fell victim to an outbreak of Pythium. After extensive efforts to re-establish turf, we have decided to remove the diseased turf and sod the green to a pure Poa putting surface. As a result, we’ve prepared an alternate green location (cut at green height) in the 7th fairway that will be in use. We will continue to provide updates on the 7th green throughout the process.
Though Chambers Bay putting greens are imperfect, the dramatic setting and golf course architecture remain amongst the most unique in the world.
Thank you for taking the time to check us out!
PS. Congratulations to Doug Ghim, 2017 Pacific Coast Amateur Champion, for his great showing at the 117th U.S. Amateur and being selected to the 46th Walker Cup Team!
~Chambers Bay Agronomy Team
[…] referred to in our initial post (Welcome/Status Report), during our putting surface transition many of greens have a “mottled” look. We are going to […]Leave a Comment
How will the Poa grass on the greens be confined to the area of the green or will it just keep moving outward?
Yes, that was my question, too, as I was reading. Is the rest of the course going to eventually have the fescue overrun by Poa?
Poa will encroach into the green surrounds over time. Continued cultural practices to favor Fine Fescue should keep the surface playing firm and fast. There may be the need to install Fine Fescue sod in some areas to maintain the true Fine Fescue playability.
Good to know. We can’t wait for this transition period to conclude. Good luck with it.
I applaud the decision to bow to the inevitable. Forget the ‘authentic links experience’. We are not in Scotland, we’re in Tacoma. Let the course evolve naturally and be its own self. I learned to play on a course that was a basically a pasture, unwatered, bumpy, hard, and fast, depending on the weather and season. Also incredibly strategic and testing. Come to think of it, so were the original natural links courses… | agronomy |
https://www.pidegreegroup.com/Why-Nitrile-Glove-are-Best-for-Dairy-Farming-id583007.html | 2024-04-23T00:47:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818452.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423002028-20240423032028-00826.warc.gz | 0.94979 | 274 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__106214424 | en | Views: 11 Author: Pidegree Group Publish Time: 05-08-2018 Origin: Pidegree Group
Disposable gloves have many uses in agriculture, especially when it comes to dairy farming. Nitrile glove, for example, are perfect for this application.
According to Progressive Dairyman, gloves have experienced increased usage in this industry over the past ten years. This is because of a need for improved worker and animal health – not to mention, a desire to produce higher-quality milk. In fact, nearly 50 percent of all dairy farms use gloves because of these reasons.
Nitrile glove in particular provide several benefits:
Cleaner milk due to less bacteria transferred from hands to the milk, as the bacteria does not adhere to the nitrile as easily as to the crevices of your hands.
Protection against repeated exposure to teat dips.
Superior resistance to iodine used to prevent contamination between cows, a resistance not found with latex gloves
Progressive Dairyman noted this sanitation practice is crucial for dairy farms. If cows become infected, they represent lost revenue. This problem becomes worse if an infection spreads between cows. Rather than risking lost profits and low-quality milk, dairy farmers should be sure to replenish their nitrile glove supplies to get the appropriate level of barrier protection. | agronomy |
https://dcspvtiti.com/qa/question-are-orange-peels-recyclable.html | 2021-09-22T20:41:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057388.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922193630-20210922223630-00529.warc.gz | 0.904955 | 903 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__131715929 | en | - Is rubbing orange peel on face good?
- How do you compost orange peels?
- Are eggshells good for compost?
- Are bananas good for compost?
- Can I put onions in compost?
- How long does it take banana peel to decompose?
- How do you recycle orange peels?
- How do you recycle citrus peels?
- Can I throw orange peels on the ground?
- Can fruit peels be recycled?
- Is throwing banana peel litter?
- Is throwing an apple core illegal?
Is rubbing orange peel on face good?
Bright, shiny and tangerine, the peel of the orange contains antioxidants and using it regularly in face packs will give you clear and brighter skin in no time.
The peel has anti-bacterial and anti-microbial properties which make it great for treating acne and oily skin..
How do you compost orange peels?
Add Orange Peels to Your Compost But in traditional compost piles, orange peels bring in phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. It is a good idea to break your peels down into small pieces so they will compost faster, otherwise they can take a lot of time.
Are eggshells good for compost?
Let’s just start out by saying: putting egg shells in your compost is okay; they are a rich source of calcium and other essential nutrients that plants need. … Drying your shells allows them to crush more completely before you add them to your compost bin.
Are bananas good for compost?
Bananas are a suitable compost material, breaking down within the compost to provide a nutrient-rich additive for garden soil. Like other fruit and vegetable matter, the smaller the banana or banana peel pieces, the faster they’ll break down within the compost.
Can I put onions in compost?
When adding onions to your compost, do not throw large chunks or whole onions into the pile. … Be sure to chops large onion pieces down and cut up whole onions so that they break down easily. This rule applies to other large fruit and vegetable scraps, as well as untreated pieces of wood like branches and sticks.
How long does it take banana peel to decompose?
2 yearsBanana peels: The peels of bananas take up to 2 years to biodegrade.
How do you recycle orange peels?
1 – Recycle orange peels in the kitchen Otherwise put the peels on a plate and leave them to dry for few days (could be close to the wood stove or a heater). Then you can store them in a glass jar, to use it for example to make a custard or other preparations in which you need the whole pieces of peel.
How do you recycle citrus peels?
Scrape off the top layer of the skin of an orange or lemon with a zester tool. Use the zest fresh (or dried) in desserts, soups, stews and casseroles. Dry citrus peels and include in potpourri mixes. Cut the peel into different shapes before drying and use them as decorative accents on handicrafts and centerpieces.
Can I throw orange peels on the ground?
Just because we think something is biodegradable does not mean we can just throw it on the ground. Biodegradable or not, littering is not okay either way. You can usually find that banana and orange peels as well as apple cores somewhere on the ground. …
Can fruit peels be recycled?
Freshen the Garbage Disposal Finally, if you have some fruit peels, but they have bad spots and aren’t much good for recycling, toss them in the garbage disposal.
Is throwing banana peel litter?
It’s true, technically, that apple cores and banana peels are natural. But natural litter is still litter. … In fact, an apple core can take two months to decompose; a banana skin or orange peel, two years, leaving plenty of time for animals who shouldn’t eat it to come along and eat it.
Is throwing an apple core illegal?
No, it’s biodegradable, I said, therefore, not considered litter. We spent considerable time arguing about whether it’s better citizen environmentalist behavior to toss food remnants out the window or to not toss them out. | agronomy |
https://www.hzsihope.com/news/use-of-nitrogen-in-insecticides-industry/ | 2023-02-04T16:25:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500140.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204142302-20230204172302-00649.warc.gz | 0.926422 | 702 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__196691923 | en | Insecticides manufacturing process is a complex set of multiple sub-processes.
From the raw material preparation to the final stage of packaging and shipping, multiple processes come into play and several different inter-logistics points are used where in-process materials are handled within the same factory or even within multiple semi-finished goods factories.
While each industry may have a slightly different process, we can narrow down the manufacturing process for insecticides into two broad steps – (a) technical grade pesticide manufacturing process and (b) formulation process for production and shipping of the final product.
In the active ingredient production process, various organic and inorganic raw materials are processed in reactors and passed through fractionation columns and the active technical grade pesticide made ready for shipping. There are some further steps including drying and packaging.
To improve the transportation, handling, and dispersion of the insecticide, the active ingredient has to be formulated into an end-use product. In the formulation process of the end-product, the active ingredient is powdered into the fine powder in a mill. The fine powder of the active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with a base solvent and other ingredients. The end-product may be dry or liquid and packed accordingly in boxes and bottles respectively.
In many of the steps requiring movement of raw material, grinding vessels blanketing etc. inert gas is required to prevent oxidation of many sensitive and volatile chemicals. In such cases, nitrogen is frequently used as the gas of choice. Nitrogen production on-site is easy and cost-effective, making it an ideal choice for inert mediums. Where ingredient or raw material pneumatic movement is required, Nitrogen is used as the carrier. During the preparation, inter-process storage tanks may be required for storing semi-finished goods. In the case of volatile chemicals or chemicals otherwise prone to spoilage due to oxygen contact, are kept in the nitrogen purged tanks and then nitrogen blanketing of these tanks is done on a continuous basis to avoid any further ingress of oxygen into the tank.
Another interesting use of nitrogen is in the packaging of the active ingredients or the end-product, where exposure to oxygen is harmful and not only spoils the end-product prematurely but also significantly reduces the shelf life of the product. An interesting phenomenon in case of insecticides is the collapsing of bottles in which air is left in the bottle’s headspace causing undesirable reactions inside and causing the bottle to develop a vacuum and thereby leading to deshaping the bottle. Hence, many manufacturers are choosing to purge the bottle with nitrogen to eliminate air from the bottle before filling of the insecticide and also to top off the headspace with nitrogen to avoid any air to remain in the bottle, before it is sealed.
Why On-Site Nitrogen Generation?
- Providing vast savings in comparison, on-site generation of nitrogen is preferred over bulk nitrogen shipments.
- Nitrogen production on-site is also environmentally friendly as trucking emissions are avoided where nitrogen delivery was being done before.
- Nitrogen Generators offer a continuous and reliable source of nitrogen, ensuring the customer’s process never comes to a standstill due to want of nitrogen.
- Nitrogen generator return on investment (ROI) is as little as 1-year and makes it a lucrative investment for any customer.
- Nitrogen generators have an average life of 10-years with proper maintenance.
Post time: May-23-2022 | agronomy |
http://www.heraldstaronline.com/news/local-news/2017/03/wellsburg-farm-incorporates-new-old-techniques/ | 2019-02-23T06:29:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249490870.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223061816-20190223083816-00012.warc.gz | 0.961521 | 840 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__40396193 | en | Wellsburg farm incorporates new, old techniques
West Virginia Maple Days held
WELLSBURG — Tours of the Family Roots Farm on Saturday served to spark memories of farm life and introduce people to new techniques used on farms.
Britney Hervey Farris noted she is the seventh generation of Herveys to run the family farm begun in 1770 near Genteel Ridge Road and state Route 27. She added the deed for the farm was scrawled on a buckskin hide and signed by Patrick Henry.
In recent years she, her husband, Charlie, and parents, Fred and Cathy, have made the farm a business and incorporated some new technology to help them in providing maple products and other produce with a natural quality and flavor.
The tours were offered as part of West Virginia Maple Days, a statewide campaign aimed at promoting awareness of the growing number of maple farmers in the Mountain State.
Family Roots Farm is among 30 members of the West Virginia Syrup Producers Association, a group focused on promoting research and education supporting the production of maple-related products.
With more maple trees than Vermont, West Virginia has great potential to expand in that market, said Farris.
With the help of 6-year-old Cash Ridgely of Wellsburg and others, Farris demonstrated how a tap is drilled about 1.5 inches into the bark of a maple tree.
In some cases, a large plastic bag, capable of holding 3 to 5 gallons of sapwater, is attached. When filled, each bag weighs more than 40 pounds, and the Hervey family has collected as many as 500 bags in a season. So they have attached to some trees a series of plastic hoses that convey the sapwater to a large tank that makes collecting it easier, Hervey said.
The family uses an evaporator to boil the sapwater into syrup, with about 50 gallons of sapwater needed to produce 1 gallon of syrup.
Denzil Stoneking of Follansbee, a visitor, said on his family’s farm “we used to make a little maple syrup. All we had was a little jar. It takes a lot to make it.”
To ease the process, the family has acquired a reverse osmosis machine to drain more of the liquid first, reducing the boiling time by half.
The device is among several new additions to the farm. The family applied $2,500 they received as winners of the Brooke County Economic Development Authority’s Entrepreneurial Pitch contest last year toward the purchase of a stainless steel table, three-bowl sink, hand sink and refrigerator for the farm’s “Sugar Shack,” a 40-by-40-foot building is the center of the farm’s maple product operations and the start of what they hope can be a commercial kitchen capable of producing products sought by grocery stores.
They and Gary Rush, a friend who assists on the farm, showed visitors how the syrup may be further heated to produce maple sugar sold by the farm in bulk or in sugar-coated walnuts and almonds or cotton candy.
Visitors were able to sample or purchase many of the products.
Hervey noted the farm’s product isn’t limited to maple, with the family also selling assorted vegetables at the Brooke County Farmers’ Market in summer.
Kaili Ridgely of Wellsburg said she likes to purchase the farm’s products “because I try to eat healthy and I like knowing what I’m getting.”
To coincide with West Virginia Maple Days, Brooke Hills Park held a pancake breakfast Saturday with Family Roots Farm’s maple syrup and a winter market with local vendors offering homemade products.
The Barn With Inn, a nearby bed and breakfast on a working farm, offered a discount to its lodgers for the weekend.
Maple Days includes events throughout the state, including Oglebay Park’s annual Maple Sugaring Day, to be held Saturday.
(Scott can be contacted at [email protected].) | agronomy |
https://fr.gilbertgaillard.com/domaine-de-la-desoucherie-a-rare-find-actu-847 | 2020-09-21T05:05:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198942.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921050331-20200921080331-00320.warc.gz | 0.944895 | 583 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__1100783 | en | Christian Tessier and his son Fabien, wine growers in Cour-Cheverny (between Chambord and Cheverny).
The Tessier family’s ancestors, as was often the case in France, had a variety of farming activities. In addition to vines, they grew cereals and asparagus and reared cattle. But when Christian took over Domaine de la Désoucherie, he decided to devote himself entirely to wine growing. The present-day estate boasts approximately 30 hectares under vine producing three appellations: Cheverny (white, red or rosé), Crémant de Loire (white or rosé), and the much lesser-known Cour-Cheverny.
The astonishing Romorantin grape variety
It is believed that Francis 1st introduced this white grape variety to the region. His mother’s residence was, after all, just 40 km from Cour-Cheverny, in Romorantin, and the king of France liked to plant vines around his chateaux. Genetic analysis of the cultivar shows that it is a cross of Pinot teinturier noir and Gouais blanc, suggesting the vines came from Burgundy. Nowadays, however, although the Cour-Cheverny appellation is entirely made from Romorantin grapes, it is the only place in the world where the variety is grown, and even here, quantities are diminutive.
With just 6 ha of Cour-Cheverny, Christian and Fabien account for nearly 10% of the appellation’s total production!
The estate’s Cour-Cheverny
They believe yields must be restricted to around 40-50 hl/ha, well below the legal limit, to control acidity. The clay-silica soils are poor and shallow in Cour-Cheverny. The climate is more continental – dry and cool – than in the Touraine appellations, but this is counterbalanced by the influence of many wooded hills. Father and son remove leaves from their vines so that they stay healthy and also remove some bunches (green harvesting) to concentrate the remaining juice. The white wine is dry, except for some extremely hot years (2003, 2005...) when there can be some sugar.
Over the first two years of cellaring, the wine offers up aromas of citrus, yellow-fleshed fruits or white flowers, occasionally exuding some notes of rhubarb, spice and menthol. But after a few years, honey, lemon, beeswax or prune appear as well as some soft oxidation notes, a hallmark of the varietal. This is exactly how the wine growers recommend it be enjoyed, unlike wines made from Sauvignon. Try Cour-Cheverny wines with a patina developed over time. | agronomy |
https://homeandgarden.cc/about/ | 2022-08-08T18:32:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00576.warc.gz | 0.934161 | 508 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__168808432 | en | Home & Garden showrooms are boutique style nursery and garden center. We help to make gardening experience satisfying, relaxing and enjoyable. From colorful flowering plant to the perfect shade tree, we have plants to suit every landscape and garden needs.
Our team of certified horticulturists and landscape designers develops customized programs to best suit the needs of every property and enhance its natural environment. Our design and installation team are capable to create a dazzling landscape for your property that will not only add beauty and value to your property, but also provide a lasting first impression for everyone that fits the property and budget. We understand that every site presents unique opportunities. The most successful plans result in distinctive spaces that work in context and scale with the architecture, the client’s personal style and the surrounding environment.
Greenery and pots elements draw the eye and a fantastic addition to any indoor or outdoor spaces. The right amount of greenery in the right planters can have a wonderful effect on boosting comfort, relaxation, and productivity.
Find a wide selection of top-quality outdoor plants to add instant color and impact to every type of garden. All plants available from our online Shop, including shrubs, grasses and herb plants that have been carefully grown at our own Home & Garden farms in Wafra and are dispatched directly from the nursery. Our plants are shipped with care and experience. We’ve learned how to keep plants at the right temperature, protect their roots, and keep them healthy while they travel from our greenhouse to your home. Our innovative packaging holds plants securely in place, preventing damage and decreasing soil spillage.
With a land area crossing 200,000 SQM, Home & Garden farms possess the State of Art facilities to grow plants and trees. Our climate-controlled greenhouse creates the ideal environment to meet the specific needs of our different crops. Through our dedication to innovation, we are able to produce healthier plants more efficiently and reduce our impact on the environment. Proudly continuing to innovate and adopt new technologies so that future generations can always enjoy our beautifully grown plants.
We value our employees and we provide them with opportunities to achieve, and together this produces results. The accomplishment that the management feel strongest about has been building an ever stronger sense of company family, with recognition and reward for achievement. The company developed an annual awards presentation to recognize team members for their contributions. The management believes strongly in developing the next generation of leaders in the company and sees appreciation, loyalty and recognition as ways to show that no contribution is small. | agronomy |
https://millersbiodiversityfarm.grazecart.com/store/product/hot-dogs | 2019-09-20T19:06:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574058.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190920175834-20190920201834-00189.warc.gz | 0.886996 | 139 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__201115367 | en | Pastured pork, water, potato starch, vinegar, salt, ground mustard seed, dextrose, spices, onion powder, garlic powder, paprika, plum/prune powder
Our mission is to produce real farm fresh, nutrient dense, great tasting food.
Our vision is to end sickness by enhancing health, nutrition, and happiness.
Our purpose is to inspire a generation of healthy children and reduce healthcare costs.
Contact us. Send a note to [email protected]. Leave a message for the farmer at (717) 786-7895.
Copyright © 2019 Miller’s Biodiversity Farm • Payments secured by Stripe | agronomy |
http://www.oleaster.it/discover-oleaster.html | 2022-12-09T18:57:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711475.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20221209181231-20221209211231-00819.warc.gz | 0.952425 | 500 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__80252460 | en | Oleaster is the Mother of all olive oils
Oleaster Olive Oil was given as first prize in the Greek Olympic Games. It was not by chance, since olive oil has always been one of the most pretious foods on the planet. Oleaster was produced from wild olive trees which were very difficult to harvest as these trees were small with few olives, grown on rocky land and irregularly spread over a wide area.
Olivotto is proud to have produced the Oleaster Extra-Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), blending two mono-cultivars: Cellina and Ogliarola. Two indigenous olive trees, which are part of the Protected Denomination of Origin of Salento in Southern Italy. The two olives are complementary in various aspects: in color (purple vs green), in smell (wild red fruits vs green grass), in taste (sweet vs bitter). From a chemical perspective, Ogliarola is particularly rich of bio-phenols, which have many health benefits since they suppress the synthesis of LDL, by reducing blood pressure and the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
All olive oil organoleptic analysis are carried out based on presence of positive and /or absence of negative attributes. The positive attributes of olive oil are summarized with simply three points : "grassy, bitterly and peppery" .
In line with the ancient Greek Oleaster, you will find Olivotto's Oleaster as: high in "peppery", medium in "grassy" and low to medium in "bitterly". This organoleptic profile makes it suitable for a wide range of foods : from salad dressings, toasted bread (bruschetta) with tomato and pasta sauces. Soups are well matched by the light bitterly taste as well.
Oleaster is the result of :
1. Applying the 10 Olivotto Golden Rules in producing Premium Olive Oil that
you find in the Oleaster’s brochure that you can download here
2. Harvesting olives early in October (273 Rule – Oct 1st sequential number) to
preserve the olive integrity which maximizes the health benefits of the resulting
3. Pursuing our handcraft philosophy (Olio artigianale) to guarantee optimal
quality which is opposite to the traditional industrial (Olio Industriale)
Click here for detail | agronomy |
https://aeronerve.my/nst-leader-future-of-agriculture/ | 2023-01-29T19:16:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499758.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129180008-20230129210008-00322.warc.gz | 0.934733 | 723 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__182905868 | en | IF agriculture is to continue feeding us it needs to become smart. But first, we need to figure out a “smart” way to entice the millennials into farming.
Market data indicate that the average age of Malaysian farmers to be 50 years. What’s worse, many are in the Bottom 40 group (B40) and not technology savvy.
Some may even be averse to technology. Further complicating this is the migration of millennials to urban areas to eke out a living. Malaysian farms are in urgent need of young hands and technology.
There is, however, some good news. The Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Ministry (MOA) recently announced that it will offer practical training to millennials to help grow the sector by making agriculture attractive to second generation farmers.
Currently, the sector employs 1.5 million workers, of whom 492,000 are foreigners. In 2018, the agriculture sector contributed 7.3 per cent or RM99.5 billion to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).
There is another factor to consider. Malaysia’s food import bill, too, is growing steadily. In 2018, it stood at more than RM50 billion.
As former finance minister Tun Dr Daim Zainuddin told the New Straits Times on Friday, this figure could be reduced significantly if more people, especially the youth, get involved in the agricultural sector.
Technology, too, needs a boost. A farmer always comes face to face with the vagaries of variables. Add climate change to them and you get the complexity of calculus gone crazy.
There is the soil’s pH value, weather, pests and other permutations to consider. Not to mention natural disasters. Reduced to the simplest formula, agriculture is all about getting the land to produce the highest yield.
Productivity is profit. Here is where the farmer can get smart. If our best practices of the past were all about approximation, today it is precision agriculture through technology. Where to till, when to sow and how to harvest.
There is an app for everything. Well, almost. To measure moisture in the soil, what nutrients and how much of them the crops need.
There are apps, too, to signal to the farmer if he missed sowing a patch or two. Drones and other devices alert him of rodents and other pests.
All this information is relayed to his mobile phone for instant access. Farming was never easier.
Take the case of foodstuff production. According to the Institute of Mechanical Engineers’ study published by the Guardian, growing foodstuffs requires quite a bit of water.
Rice, for instance, requires 2,500 litres of water to produce 1kg of it. Other common foodstuffs require less, but still place demand on this scarce resource: banana 790 litres per kg, potatoes 297 litres per kg, cabbage 237 litres per kg and tomatoes 214 litres per kg. Smart sensors and apps can reduce this substantially.
Sadly, the average Malaysian farmer doesn’t have the means to go smart. MOA’s learning support for second generation farmers is a good beginning. Banks and financial institutions can help, too, by offering financing at competitive rates as Agrobank does.
Only thus mass adoption of smart technology can be made to happen. As we are pushing Industrial Revolution 4.0 for adoption in the Malaysian ecosystem generally, the sector that will keep us fed must not be forgotten. Because technology is the future of agriculture. | agronomy |
http://www.adaptasertao.net/en/default.asp | 2014-03-07T22:55:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999651631/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060731-00066-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.948945 | 734 | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-10__0__178301802 | en | The northeast region of Brazil is considered one of the most socially, economically and environmentally vulnerable areas of Brazil due to the prolonged and recurrent periods of droughts that affect the population and the local economy. The latest reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that the periods of droughts and heavy precipitations are likely to increase in the region over the coming years, a fact that researchers and those responsible for public policy are having to taking notice of.
Since the 1960’s, the Brazilian government has managed to reduce the effects and impacts of the droughts by investing in the region and constructing hundreds of earth dams - medium and large sized artificial reservoirs which are installed mainly in the municipalities of the region, in order to store torrential rain water. This has led to an increase in the water resources available but unfortunately the expected positive impact on the quality of life for the people in the region was less than predicted and less than required. The local economy continues to be extensively based on cattle farming with this being the major cause of deforestation. The majority of wealth keeps being distributed amongst large land owners, leaving crop farming based on highly inefficient production systems. A further environmental consequence of an economy based on cattle and inefficient agriculture is that the “Caatinga” (the type of vegetation and ecosystem that characterizes the semi-arid region of Brazil) is being reduced.
In 2004, as a result of seeing what was happening in the region, various non-profit, academic and private sector leaders initiated a program to mobilise technological, human, financial and public policy resources in order to devise new methods of living in the Brazilian semi-arid and adapting to the impacts of climate change by better use of the water infrastructure available (i.e. earth dams and wells). The vision of the project was to provide sustainable livelihoods for small-scale farmers by guaranteeing food security and a stable income for these farmers without destroying the local eco-system.
The Pintadas Solar Project (www.pintadas-solar.org), which was developed between 2006 and 2008 in the municipality of Pintadas, Bahia, was a pilot program that through its innovative approach in managing technical, scientific, social and public policy resources, has transformed into a social technology platform with a vision of being a way to help vulnerable communities generate a sustainable income and adapt to the effects of climate change. The project received Best Practice awards from Dubai/UN-Habitat in 2008 and Wisions in 2006. In 2008, the project was also awarded the SEED 2008 prize (www.seedinit.org), for its community-led approach to water-efficient crop irrigation in semi-arid regions and was chosen from more than 400 projects worldwide as one of the 5 most scalable initiatives.
The Adapta Sertão network was created from the experienced gained in the Pintadas pilot, and the idea has evolved. Today the network brings together municipalities, public, private and non-profit institutions with a vision to integrate technical, scientific and human resources by linking clean water and energy technologies to social entrepreneurship in order to help small-scale farmers to adapt to the effects of climate change. The proposed implementation methodology is based on four principles that constitute the fundamental concepts of social technology incorporating:
The vision of the Adapta Sertão network is to disseminate this approach of adapting to the effects of climate change in the semi-arid region by the development of small-scale agricultural solutions that offer food security, guarantee livelihoods, reduce poverty and sustain the Caatinga.
Click here and download the fact sheet | agronomy |
https://www.chateauaragon.com/region | 2024-04-19T09:22:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817382.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419074959-20240419104959-00580.warc.gz | 0.912014 | 580 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__160671649 | en | The Languedoc-Roussillon Region -- Sea, Wine and Sun
The Languedoc-Roussillon is a triangle which spreads from Nîmes to the north, Perpignan to the south and Toulouse to the west. The Mediterranean landscapes are bathed in sun and freshened by the two dominant winds, the Cers and the Marin. The vineyards, cultivated from the dry stony heath land called Garrigue, can be seen with neat parallel rows of vines throughout the region which continue to the banks of the Midi Canal in the plains. The region’s wines are soft and complex due to the regular ripening of the grapes produced by the hot sun and the cool air from the Montagne Noire.
The Languedoc has always been a region of exchange and creation, occupied successively by Celts, Maurs, Greeks, Romans and Visigoths.
The Aude Department, Cathar Country
The village of Aragon is under the Aude department within the Languedoc-Roussillon region. Aude represents an extraordinary countryside that includes the Mediterranean coastline to the Pyrenees, and the dry heath land of the garrigues to the Black Mountain pastures.
The parallel lines formed by the vines of vineyards compose a visually striking landscape covering the diverse terrain: the plains, the river valleys, the stony chalk hillsides of the Montagne Noire, and the dry red soils of the Corbières. Imposing medieval castles are an important element in the local past and culture. Ten or so ‘Cathar’ castles, also known as the ‘vertiginous citadels’ were built high up on rocky summits to be as inaccessible as possible.
Cabardès, East Wind, West Wind
Two winds blow alternately here, the Cers, a cold dry wind from the north-west and the Marin, warm humid blusters from the Mediterranean sea. The Cabardès was once the land of the Lords of Cabaret, the previous name for the village of Lastours, overlooked by the four medieval fortified towers. The area includes the south facing slopes of the Montagne Noire and the area north of the Cité of Carcassonne.
In the Cabardès, the eye turns naturally towards the north to the Pic de Nord, the summit (1211 meters) of Montagne Noire. The rounded dark curves are a distinctive viewpoint and a dominant landmark.
When the weather is clear in the Cabardès, one can see across the south valley towards the craggy horizon of the Pyrenees mountains. The Pyrenees is a natural grey during the summer and crystal white in the winter, a vista of incomparable beauty. | agronomy |
http://shsleaf.org/30568/opinion/earths-food-deficits-impact-everyone/ | 2017-04-25T16:29:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120694.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00436-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.974898 | 427 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__187630300 | en | Earth’s food deficits impact everyone
March 13, 2017
Filed under Opinion
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By 2040 the world that we know as full of food, may be low in essential protein that keeps our muscles and bodies healthy and happy.
We live in a world with animal-based proteins such as meat, poultry, and fish. But, there are also the proteins that come from plants such as soy and wheat. The problem is 50 percent of plant-grown protein is fed to animals.
The protein system is too dependent on soy. Animals that are fed feed full of soy make up one of the major reasons for deforestation.
“The main crop of Ohio is soy,” said Mr. Christian Shrimpton, history teacher, in one of his lessons about agriculture and how it has grown and tumbled over the years.
To receive animal protein we must try to make our plant based protein more sustainable. This fix will create more animal protein for people who do not follow the rules of vegetarians and vegans.
“I eat meat, but not pork since I am Jewish. I feel like I couldn’t get as much protein as I do now with a plant based diet,” said Grace Lefton, 10.
The world is also full of plant waste. The amount of waste in the world is made up of 30 percent plant waste which can be converted into useful protein. With almost eight billion people in the world, the challenge to keep up with demands in food, particularly protein, is challenging.
“I try to live as healthy as I can with lots of vegetables and plants, but it is difficult to get all the protein needed to keep my body healthy without meat,” said Alia Diushebaeva, 10.
To find alternatives is the plan and to face the demand for plant based protein is the problem. There are people around the world who are trying to fix the problem to let the plan commence. | agronomy |
https://www.straffannurseries.ie/product-page/farmyard-manure-2 | 2022-07-07T07:17:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104683708.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707063442-20220707093442-00369.warc.gz | 0.904094 | 229 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__97549155 | en | €9 per bag.
Woodside's Farmyard Manure is a rich peat-free organic manure which has a wide range of uses in the garden, such as mulching, planting and soil conditioning.
Having problems getting your veggies growing ? Mix Woodside’s Farmyard Manure with poor soil to provide nutrients, trace elements and suppress weeds around your veggies, shrubs and trees.
Whats the best way to use it ?
For general use: spread Woodside Farmyard Manure 50-100mm (2-3 inches) deep over the soil and work it in.When planting trees and shrubs: mix Woodside’s Farmyard Manure into the soil around the base.Around existing plants: spread Woodside’s Farmyard Manure 50-70mm (1-2 inches) deep around the plants, leaving a 2-3 inch gap around the stems.
Minimum delivery charge of €25 within 5 - 6 mile radius. €40 for 6 - 15 mile radius. Call for price on further deliveries.
100% Satisfaction Guaranteed | agronomy |
https://capitaluniversity.edu.so/faculty-of-agricultural-enviromenta/ | 2023-12-09T21:49:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100972.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209202131-20231209232131-00641.warc.gz | 0.891024 | 450 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__107892893 | en | | Welcome to the Faculty of Agricultural & Enviromental Science
The Faculty of agricultural Sciences working in support of the broader mission of the
University of Capital , and in response to National development needs, is offering various
academic programs. Agriculture is the set of activities that transform the environment
for the production of animals and plants for human use. The Bachelor of agricultural
science Degree Programme aims to produce graduates who are technically and
intellectually competent in the applications of agricultural practices theories, models and techniques in day to day economic decision making processes.
Goal of the Program
Agriculture program of capital university is intended to produce student with strong knowledge and skills Satisfy human food and clothing wood ,medical (cotton, wool, leather) needs. Enhance environmental quality and natural resources and academically professional and ethical.
Objectives of the Program
1. To protect or insure the producer through guaranteed minimum support price, which as a stabilization measure reduces the variability in product prices and therefore price risk of the farmers.
2. To improve the standard of living of the Somalia population through sustainable development strategies. Work for food security and poverty alleviation among the population through the provision of agricultural and rural development programmers.
3. To encourage an awareness of agriculture and to promote improvements in the quality of life of persons living in an agricultural community by: Researching the needs of
the agricultural community and developing programs to meet those needs.
4. Prepare an agricultural engineer to plan, design, modify, and direct the manufacture of agricultural machinery & implements for different agricultural production systems
5. Prepare an engineer to plan and design Soil Water conservation engineering structures and modern irrigation and drainage systems.
6. to provide an enabling environment that will attract and maintain high calibre crop scientists to develop quality graduates and strategies for sustainable production of crop through the strengthening of both basic and applied research, training/ teaching and extension
|1.||Bachelor of Science in Agriculture||4 Years|
|2||Bachelor of Science in Enviromental Science||4 Years|
- Original Secondary School Certificate
- 4 Passport size color photos
- Payment of Non-refundable Registration fee
- Filling the Application Form | agronomy |
https://thailand.falktime.com/plum-mango-or-marian-plum/ | 2019-09-17T23:32:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573124.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917223332-20190918005332-00394.warc.gz | 0.949969 | 326 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__82973502 | en | The great thing about plum mango is that one doesn’t need to peel it, like one has to do it with mango. But plum mangoes are much smaller, only 4-6 cm long.
Taste of marian plum
Ripe fruit have pleasant taste, they are sweet with a pinch of sour. Plum mango has tight skin, while its flesh is juicy, soft and a bit fibrous, the flesh reminds of ripe persimmon. The taste of plum mango has something in common with persimmon, mango and apricot.
How to choose, transport & store
Ripe plum mangoes are of distinct orange color. Also they are much softer than unripe fruit. Plum mangoes can be stored ~2 weeks in a fridge. Due to tight skin they endure transportation much better than plums, nevertheless one should avoid squeezing fruit too much.
How to eat plum mango
Like a plum (peach or apricot). The seed is considered edible but it’s bitter, so one should rather get rid of it. In Indonesia and Malaysia unripe plum mangoes are used as ingredient for salads.
When and where to find
The season for plum mangoes in Thailand starts in January with its peak in April and ends in May. I wouldn’t state that marian plums are sold everywhere (though they are native to South-East Asia). So have an intent look at fruit stalls and ask sellers, if you can’t find plum mangoes. My bunch of plum mangoes had a cost of 80 THB. | agronomy |
https://www.mediaite.com/food/president-obama-sets-up-task-force-to-save-foods-best-friend-honeybees/ | 2017-09-21T19:23:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687837.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921191047-20170921211047-00521.warc.gz | 0.924219 | 318 | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__82140450 | en | Those buzzing little creatures that make us run in fear are actually pretty important to global food security — and President Obama is out to save them.
Establishing a new task force headed by Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack and EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy, Obama says the end-goal is to investigate the loss of pollinators, and establish a strategy to keep the pollinators alive. From a presidential memorandum on White House blog:
Pollinators contribute substantially to the economy of the United States and are vital to keeping fruits, nuts, and vegetables in our diets. Honey bee pollination alone adds more than $15 billion in value to agricultural crops each year in the United States. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant loss of pollinators, including honey bees, native bees, birds, bats, and butterflies, from the environment. The problem is serious and requires immediate attention to ensure the sustainability of our food production systems, avoid additional economic impact on the agricultural sector, and protect the health of the environment.
While the effects of bee colony losses on agriculture hasn’t been widely studied, the White House states, it’s clear that many native bee species “are in decline.” CNN notes that in addition to the task force, “Obama’s budget for next year recommends about $50 million for multiple agencies to help boost research, increase the number of acres dedicated to pollinators’ conservation programs and boost funding for research on pollinator losses.”
Have a tip we should know? [email protected] | agronomy |
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