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http://obpreview2009.govtools.us/feedstocks/main.aspx?menu=default | 2019-03-23T11:47:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202781.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323101107-20190323123107-00020.warc.gz | 0.842276 | 161 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__65061335 | en | Feedstocks Platform Review
April 8-10, 2009, Grand Hyatt Washington, Washington, DC
Ensuring a sustainable, high-quality, available, and functional supply of biomass feedstock requires R&D on all elements of the biomass feedstock supply chain, from plant breeding and genomics to crop production and harvesting techniques. Sustainable feedstock production includes all the steps required to produce biomass feedstocks to the point they are ready to be collected or harvested from the field or forest. Feedstock logistics encompasses all the unit operations necessary to move biomass feedstocks from the field or forest to the biorefinery, while ensuring the delivered feedstock meets biorefinery specifications. Join us for a technical peer review of Feedstock research and development projects currently funded by the Biomass Program. | agronomy |
https://mapspam.info/methodology/ | 2024-04-24T07:04:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00880.warc.gz | 0.923866 | 3,160 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__204347806 | en | For a more thorough discussion on methodology and on SPAM’s mathematical model, download a complete PDF, or browse some more documents.
Using a variety of inputs, SPAM uses a cross-entropy approach to make plausible estimates of crop distribution within disaggregated units.
- We start with the administrative (geopolitical) units for which we have been able to obtain production statistics. These may typically be national or sub-national administrative regions such as countries, states, districts, or counties. The smaller the administrative units, the better the results.
- We receive an already classified land-cover image, where cropland has been identified.
- We integrate crop-specific suitability information based on local landscape, climate and soil conditions, which provides information on how MUCH cropland exists at the pixel level.
- Combining all these input data and some more parameters the model applies a cross-entropy approach to obtain the final estimation of crop distribution.
SPAM relies on a collection of relevant spatially explicit input data, including crop production statistics, cropland data, biophysical crop “suitability” assessments, population density, as well as any prior knowledge about the spatial distribution of specific crops or crop systems.
Some of the data is year specific, like crop statistics or population density, while other data is not really tied to a year, like suitability assessment.
Crop production statistics
While crop production data at the national level are reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), similar data within sub-national boundaries are rarely available on a global scale, and not from one institution. To satisfy an increasing necessity to have better crop production and land use data to support their respective programs, FAO, IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute) and SAGE (Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison) started, in 2002, an informal collaborative consortium titled Agro-MAPS (Mapping of Agricultural Production Systems).
The goal of Agro-MAPS is to compile a consistent global spatial database based upon selected sub-national agricultural statistics. Agro-MAPS holds not only tabular statistical data but also links to maps of administrative districts. As input into SPAM, we started with Agro-MAPS data and made a great effort to add more sub-national data, paying particular attention to developing countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. We established a network of data resources from various local subnational offices in many countries throughout the world. Currently, most of the data used are from World Food Programme (WFP) crop and food supply assessment mission surveys, agricultural performance surveys, national bureaus of statistics, regional agricultural centers, ministries of agriculture, rural and extension services, regional NGOs, household services, ministries of the environment, and water resource groups.
Taking advantage of these national partners and the institutes under CGIAR (a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future), we were able to compile a robust database with crop production data for more crops, and smaller administrative units than any single global collection of subnational production data currently available. These data were compiled from a variety of formats into standard spreadsheets and database files, and cover, when possible, three years around 2005.
Crops in SPAM 2005
42 crops/aggregates are included in SPAM 2005. Their definition follows FAO terminology (especially crop nes = crop not elsewhere specified). They are (with FAO code in parenthesis, except for highly aggregated crops):
Since biophysical crop suitability or agricultural activities on any farm cannot be separated from the production system in question, we consider 4 production systems for each crop:
- irrigated high inputs production (I)
- rainfed high inputs production (H)
- rainfed low inputs production (L)
- rainfed subsistence production (S)
The definition of these production systems (management levels) more or less follows FAO/IIASA’s GAEZ project since we use its suitability surfaces.
Irrigated high inputs production refers to the crop area equipped with either full or partial control irrigation. Normally the crop production on the irrigated fields uses a high level of inputs such as modern varieties and fertilizer as well as advanced management such as soil/water conservation measures.
The rainfed, high input/commercial production is rainfed-based, uses high-yield varieties and some animal traction and mechanization. It at least applies some fertilizer, chemical pest, disease or weed controls and most of the product is produced for the market.
The rainfed, low-input production refers to rainfed crop production which uses traditional varieties and mainly manual labor without (or with little) application of nutrients or chemicals for pest and disease control. Production is mostly for their own consumption.
A fourth production system, rainfed, low-input/subsistence production was introduced to account for situations where cropland and suitable areas do not exist, but farmland is still present in some way.
The share of crop area and production belonging to each of these production systems when total area and production are given is often times hard to come by. In some countries there are statistics, experts may give their opinions, or assumptions are made as to how some crops are grown in a similar way as other crops.
Shares of Irrigated high input agriculture were taken directly for country statistics for China, USA, Brazil, …at sub-national administration level 1. For other countries (…) these figures were found in MIRCA and yet for the rest of the countries AQUASTAT provides information on irrigated areas per crop at the national level.
Allocation results are generated for each crop and each of the 4 production systems, however, SPAM maps and data download are only made available for irrigated and rainfed (the sum of 2, 3 and 4 above) production systems, and the sum of all, which is the total for any given crop.
Cropping intensity and multiple cropping
Estimation of crop distribution within a statistical unit is done in SPAM for the physical area. However, statistical information refers in general to harvested area, from where crops are gathered. SPAM considers 42 crops and handles each crop as if it was grown by itself on a plot, which often is not the case. In many countries, there are regions and seasons where more than one crop is grown simultaneously on one plot. Frequently there is a succession of different crops on one plot throughout the year, especially in tropical countries. All these facts are combined in a cropping intensity parameter for each crop, which is larger than 1 when there is multi-cropping, or more than one harvest per year from one plot, of different crops.
If country statistics have been prepared adequately, they will account for these conditions in the statistics and not double count areas, but this is not always the case. (Same crops on the same plot are generally reported)
Also here we rely on seldom published country statistics and lacking these expert judgments, to compile cropping intensities for each crop, which are crucial in recalculating the harvested areas to generate physical areas.
Different crops have different thermal, moisture, and soil requirements, particularly under rainfed conditions. FAO, in collaboration with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), has developed the agro-ecological zones (AEZ) methodology based on an evaluation of existing land resources and biophysical limitations and potentials for specific crops (FAO/IIASA). This methodology provides maximum potential and biophysically attainable crop yields and suitable crop areas. For SPAM we utilized three production system types from the FAO/IIASA suitability datasets: Irrigated high-high input; rainfed – high input/commercial; rainfed – low input/subsistence. This latter one is also used for rainfed – subsistence farming when attainable yields are needed. For each crop and in each production systems, we define our suitable land as the sum of the four suitability classes in the AEZ model: very suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, and marginally suitable. These data were made available at a 5-minute resolution by IIASA.
For SPAM we used GAEZ’s agro-ecological productivity/total production capacity for our suitable (potential) yields for each crop and production system, and crop suitability index as a multiplier for the pixel area to receive suitable (potential) area for each crop and production system.
GAEZ only reports potential yields and suitability indices for 3 of our production systems (irrigated, rainfed high and rainfed low). For rainfed subsistence, we used the values given for rainfed low when needed.
Not all crops considered in SPAM2005 have a matching crop in the GAEZ methodology, in which case the SPAM crop ‘borrows’ from another similar GAEZ crop the attainable crop yield and suitable area.
Satellite-based land cover datasets serve to provide detailed spatial information on cropland extent – distinguishing cropland from other forms of land cover such as forest, grassland, and water bodies and, therefore, delineating the geographical extents within which crop production must be allocated. The reliability of the land cover data in terms of measuring cropland can have significant implications for the overall reliability of the allocation.
There are several global and regional land cover datasets publicly available for various years: GlobCover 2005, MODIS v.5, AFRICOVER, GLC-2000, ISCGM, CORINE, and a number of national maps. Each dataset has its own pros and cons depending on the region of the world. Following the methodology described in Fritz et al: “Mapping Global Cropland and Field Size”, IIASA/IFPRI, 2015. all data sets were combined resulting in a global cropland map at a resolution of 30 arc seconds (approx 1x1km at the equator) and aggregated to a 5 minute (approximately 10x10km at the equator) resolution for input to the SPAM allocation.
Information on actual land use is even more difficult to find than that on cropland. One key factor to successfully allocating production statistics is to know what areas are irrigated. The Land and Water Division of FAO and the University of Frankfurt continue to work together to develop updates of the Global Map of Irrigated Areas (GMIA V5.0) which provides GIS coverage of areas equipped for irrigation at a 5-minute resolution. With this data, we were able to identify areas that were most likely irrigated and thus allocated the irrigated area and production to these locations.
Rural population density
In the absence of cropland and suitable areas, we assume that subsistence farming happens more intensively when the rural population is more abundant. For this parameter, we used rural population density as included in the GRUMPv1 data set from Columbia University and aggregated the 30 arc seconds (1x1km) to a 5 min (10x10km) grid to be used in SPAM.
Crop distribution maps
The best way to establish crop distribution in an area is not a model, like SPAM, but the actual knowledge of where crops are grown. Unfortunately, such knowledge is sparse and mostly confined to countries with highly sophisticated agriculture and monitoring systems. Expert judgment can often supplant this information, and where possible, SPAM includes such maps to force the model to allocate crop production to specific areas.
Crop distribution maps are also given at a 5 min resolution, but only available for a few crops and in some areas.
SPAM’s cross entropy starts with prior knowledge of where crops may be grown and to which extent. It assumes that farmers, given a choice of different crops, will grow those which generate more revenue. And this is where crop prices come in.
We use a different price for every crop, but the same price for all countries: 2004-2006 average international price, as used by FAO to compute Value of Production.
The allocation mechanism starts with pre-allocated areas and a number of intricate rules which are summarized below.
- Minimize difference between prior and allocated area share for all pixels, crops and production systems in a cross entropy equation
- Subject to constraints (limits) dictated by existing
- agricultural area
- irrigated area
- suitable area
- crop area statistics
- Solve in an optimization model written in GAMS
- Subject to constraints (limits) dictated by existing
All the details for this process will be found in SPAM2000 in You, L., S. Wood, U. Wood-Sichra, W. Wu. 2014. Generating global crop distribution maps: From census to grid. Agricultural Systems 127 (2014) 53–60
After all input values have been fed into the model, SPAM returns the physical area for each crop and production system in each pixel, ie 42 x 4 values per pixel.
Using the same cropping intensity parameters as above, and further the potentially attainable yields and national/sub-national yield statistics, we further calculate area harvested, yield and production for each of the 42 crops.
Harvested area, production, and yield are modified to conform after aggregation to country level with FAO’s national values for the average 2004-2006. This adjustment is also done with the input statistics before feeding the model, the scaling of the output is repeated to level out “entropy slacks”.
Physical area (A)
Physical area is measured in a hectare and represents the actual area where a crop is grown, not counting how often production was harvested from it. Physical area is calculated for each production system and crop, and the sum of all physical areas of the four production systems constitute the total physical area for that crop. The sum of the physical areas of all crops in a pixel may not be larger than the pixel size.
Harvested area (H)
Also measured in a hectare, harvested area is at least as large as physical area, but sometimes more, since it also accounts for multiple harvests of a crop on the same plot. Like for physical area, the harvested area is calculated for each production system and the sum of all harvested areas of all production systems in a pixel amount to the total harvested area of the pixel.
The sum of all the harvested areas of the crops in a pixel can be larger than the pixel size.
Production, for each production system and crop, is calculated by multiplying area harvested with yield. It is measured in metric tons. The total production of a crop includes the production of all production systems of that crop.
Yield is a measure of productivity, the amount of production per harvested area, and is measured in kilogram/hectare. The total yield of a crop, when considering all production systems, is not the sum of the individual yields, but the weighted average of the 4 yields. | agronomy |
https://myupgarden.com/product/my-up-bucket-complete-system/ | 2024-04-14T18:10:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816893.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414161724-20240414191724-00570.warc.gz | 0.915139 | 442 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__187071510 | en | My UP Bucket Complete System is the entire grow package – EVERYTHING you need to start growing in hydroponics. The L.E.D. light, grow system for one (1) plant, nutrients, meter kit, pH up & down, sample kit and more is all included. It is absolutely everything to get growing!
YOU CAN GROW PRODUCE IN ANY HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
If you’re just getting into indoor growing, this is the perfect system to start with. You CAN grow produce in any hydroponic system, and get impressive results quickly. A constant, year ’round, fresh supply of the produce you crave – all grown indoors, pesticide and chemical free, by you. And since the system includes an L.E.D. light, you’ll only be using 95 watts per hour.
Not only can you grow in any hydro system, but in any space. There’s nothing to stop you from growing your own – stop in today and we will help you get started.
A COMPLETE GROW SYSTEM
This complete grow system includes all you need to start growing. The quality 100 RSpec L.E.D. light from HLG, the MY UP Bucket grow system, base nutrients (your choice of General Hydroponics or Botanicare), a pH & PPM meter with starter bottles of pH up and down, bonus items and sample kit.
There are lot’s of folks out there that already have timers – that’s why NO timer is included in this kit. However, if you do need one, there is a timer add-on option for only $13.
GROWING IN HYDROPONICS IS EASY
Despite what you may have heard or read, growing in hydroponics is easy. Not only that, it is not pricey to start or difficult to run. We’re here to help if you run into any issues during any phase of the project. So get growing today, and enjoy the fruits, or veggies, of your easy labor!
My UP Bucket Complete System
Everything you need! | agronomy |
https://alekovo.com/2016/03/26/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0-and-march-madness/ | 2023-03-20T08:44:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943471.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320083513-20230320113513-00663.warc.gz | 0.964313 | 1,349 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__106961377 | en | March in Bulgaria starts with Baba Marta Day on the first day of March, what was at one time considered the first day of Spring, and with a whole raft of traditions attached to it. Much has been written on the internet about Grandma March Day, and Bulgarians (as well as several other European nationalities) often give each other little wristbands or tokens made in red and white which are worn until the first stork is seen or the first blossom bursts – well both of those things have happened! The red and white colours are said to symbolise new life or rebirth and a fresh/clean start (to the year) – something we could all do with sometimes! Anyway, this is not a folklore lesson so suffice it to say a belated Chestita Baba Marta – Честита Баба Марта – Happy Baba Marta to you all.
February and March seem to be relatively quiet months here for “village folk”; there doesn’t seem to be a lot going on in the home gardens apart from some digging and on sunny/warmer days the sounds of chainsaws have been common as people are either topping up their wood supply or cutting poles for plant supports or to repair fences.
We’ve done a bit of clearing up in the orchard area and replaced some of the trees that we’d lost for one reason and another, two apple and two cherries. We also laid a few paths to divide up the area – cardboard and a thick layer of packing paper, covered with split vegetable sacks and weighted down the edges with roof tiles. Not sure how resilient they will be to the weather, the wind and the dock plants pushing up from underneath – especially as we are not walking on the paths every 5 minutes! But at least they have helped to visualise having different areas and the placement of some small raised beds made from some of the many tree stumps we have around the place.
You may notice (ha ha) that the ground in the orchard is covered with a excellent cover crop of the dreaded dock weeds! Fear not – in a (not too distant) future post I hope to be able to show/explain an experiment that will not only suppress (and eventually squash) the docks and other broad leaf weeds, but also improve the quality and quantity of the soil and make it easier to maintain – well that’s the idea anyway!
It’s our first ever season of trying to grow our own fruit and veggies, so planting seeds has been a major learning curve and a continuing task. Yes of course I have planted mustard and cress 😉 the odd bulb or two and maybe (long ago) tomatoes, lettuce and spuds and things like that as well as flowering plants – but certainly not on this scale! I think I spent about £5o on vegetable seeds from the UK plus another BGN 50 on local seeds – and so every week since the middle of February I’ve been filling seed trays, flower pots, toilet roll tubes, yogurt pots and egg cartons with home made potting compost and sowing seeds – and I will probably continue doing that into mid-April. Apparently (I am reliably told) April will be soon enough for planting out any seeds that survive to be big enough to make it worthwhile :-).
So far I have sown the following seeds: kohlrabi (2 types), tomatoes (2 types), brussel sprouts (3 types), curly kale, kavalo nero kale, purple sprouting broccoli, sage, basic, parsley, coriander, dill, thyme, chives, aubergines, peppers (3 types), cauliflower, celery, cucumber, leeks, marrow, onions, marigolds, nasturtiums – and there are several more packets of seeds to open!
Not sure where all the growing seedlings will go as every window ledge in the kitchen, hall and living room is now full – perhaps my bedroom is next! Hopefully this week some of the earlier sowings that are getting stronger can go outside under plastic, but many people (including the weatherman) are still warning of some hard frosty mornings well into April and I don’t want to lose everything before they are even in the ground.
This month we also made a start on planting a small wood or copse (some people might call it a “food forest”) of fruit and nut and pod bearing trees which will eventually help provide foodstuff for livestock as well as wood for the fire eventually. Last week we planted 18 trees in an area which is an old (tired) alfalfa field – and half of this area has been spread with mud bricks from the old house we demolished. These bricks have decomposed and broken down well over the winter and planting through it was very easy – just a question of keeping them well watered for a few months until they are established.
What did we plant? Black Walnut, Honey Locust, Pea Tree, Paulownia, Broom, two types of Holly, White Spruce, Cherry Plum and Broom. We also planted some blackberries and blackcurrants.
For the next phase(s) I’d like to plant Persian Walnut, Silver Birch, Red Maple, Siberian Pea Tree, Mulberry, Willow, Judas Tree and Black Locust. And with the aim of (always) making less work, in the coming weeks/months I will be trying to find a source of old and rotten hay and straw (from last year) to mulch this entire area to suppress the tired old alfalfa and the weeds before they start to flower/seed. It’s a pretty big space at 25m x 40m but we’ve seen plenty of mouldy round bales in many local farms but the challenges are (a) finding the right person to talk to at each place and then (b) transporting it back to home.
So I think it’s fair to say that we are a long way on from what was happening here in March last year!!
Hopefully the coming week will see a few days of consistent sunshine, so a few more outdoorsy chores can get done including some planting and sowing in a few of the sheltered areas.
And now it’s Easter weekend – so Happy Easter to everyone, I definitely won’t be partaking in Easter holiday travel madness! | agronomy |
https://fingerlakesworks.com/events/agricultural/ | 2024-02-20T21:22:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473347.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20240220211055-20240221001055-00499.warc.gz | 0.923859 | 429 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__103359863 | en | Careers in “Where Your Food Comes From”!
The 2020 Agricultural Career Event has been cancelled due to COVID-19. If you have questions about possible future events, please contact Amanda Lesterhuis, [email protected].
A collaborative effort between the education system (K-12, post-secondary institutions, including trade schools) and local farmers, vineyard owners and other agriculture/agribusiness employers which will introduce and prepare the workers of tomorrow for career opportunities in agriculture and food technology—which has both immediate and long term workforce needs.
This event will be held at the following locations (school groups will be transported to each location on a set schedule):
- FLCC Viticulture and Wine Technology Center in Geneva
- Cornell AgriTech (Cornell University) in Geneva
- Hemdale Farms in Seneca Castle
We are welcoming Sponsors, Exhibitors, and Volunteers for this event!
Businesses or services that relate to the industry (Viticulture, Dairy/Livestock Management, and Plant Science/Crops Farming) that would like to bring a hands-on activity and/or demonstration please Register online or contact: Amanda Lesterhuis (315) 789-3131 ext. 104 or [email protected].
We want to help youth identify the applicable and transferable skills they already have, and showcase the academic and employment opportunities that are available locally that will enhance and further develop those skills into a lucrative and rewarding career in agriculture. We will invite students from all Finger Lakes high schools to attend.
This will be a day of hands-on activities at our event; where high school students can try out state-of-the-art farming equipment with equipment suppliers, test new products from food processors, learn about new farming growth industries like viticulture and wine technology, and talk with exhibitors about the crops, livestock and industries from our area that are getting attention from all over the world! We will have exhibitors buzzing about all the latest trends in agriculture! | agronomy |
http://metaphysicians-gallery.com/Pages/Zodiacal_Potpourri.htm | 2020-04-08T18:56:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371821680.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408170717-20200408201217-00406.warc.gz | 0.874351 | 717 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__123981413 | en | Miss Dee's Metaphysicians Gallery
(720) 304-5947 Monday - Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. MST
by Miss Dee
What does this month hold in store for you? We invite you to visit the Forecast page to find out!
Are you nurturing your Special Life Purpose? Spiritual & Astrological Readings.
Are you looking for your "special someone?" Spiritual & Astrological Readings.
Bunnies, Chicks, and a Gardening Basket
of giving to those you love the traditional Easter Basket filled with
colored eggs and candy, fill their basket with a few gardening tools,
veggie plants or seeds, and/or a few spring bulbs to proclaim your affection
for them as well as the coming of spring season!
Happy Easter, Happy Spring! Miss Dee
To the Arian
gardener, give a sturdy gardening hat filled with a few gardening tools,
and these plants or veggie seeds/bulbs: broccoli, onions, peas, radishes,
rhubarb, and tomatoes. Aloe plants, gladiolus flowers, peppermint, and
rosemary are also appreciated.
To the Cancerian
gardener, give a sturdy harvest basket, an evergreen, orange, and/or
tangerine tree, and these veggie seeds: broccoli, cabbage, corn, pumpkin,
spinach, and watercress. Baby's breath, roses, and tulips are also loved.
To the Libran
gardener, give a fashionable yet durable gardening hat, a pair of gloves,
an alder and/or an orange tree, and these veggie seeds or plants: asparagus,
cucumbers, dates, lettuce, mushrooms, and strawberries. Daisies, sweet
pea flowers, and tiger lilies are also treasured.
To the Capricornian gardener, give a sturdy gardening hat, insect repellent, a pair of gloves, a pine tree, and these plants or veggie seeds: broccoli, brussels sprouts, carrots, parsley, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes. Carnations and iris are also adored.
To the Aquarian gardener, give a bushel basket, a gardening book, a few gardening tools, and a bottle of sun screen along with an apple, maple, and/or a russian olive tree, and these veggie seeds: beans, broccoli, brussels sprouts, chives, lettuce, parsley, spinach, and tomatoes. Bachelor buttons and wild roses are also treasured.
To the Piscean gardener, give a sturdy harvest basket, a bottle of sun screen, a kitchen timer, a fig and/or a willow tree, and these plants or veggie seeds: blackberries, broccoli, cabbage, lettuce, salad mix, spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, and raspberries. Daffodils, day lilies, and roses are also loved.
Additional information about each of the sun signs, their health issues, the moon's influence, the Mercury Retrograde cycle, the gifts each sun sign prefers to receive, complimentary sun sign costumes, compatible sun signs, and the beneficial foods, herbs and vitamins for each sun sign may be found in the books, The Best of Miss Dee, and Health, Astrology and Spirituality, both by Miss Dee. Please see the Books page. | agronomy |
https://www.timelesstoyschicago.com/buy/210000021364/mini-garden-unicorn | 2020-10-01T06:45:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402124756.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20201001062039-20201001092039-00773.warc.gz | 0.786137 | 107 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__259020567 | en | Mini Garden - Unicorn
Plant and grow your own mini garden--with a mythical twist! Each Unicorn Mini Garden from Faber-Castell features an egg-shaped environment for growing a garden with real chia seeds. Each kit includes the following:
Quick-growing chia seeds
Chia seeds start sprouting in 3-5 days. Finished gardens measure 5.25" h x 3" w.
The Unicorn Mini Garden is recommended for ages 6+. It's the perfect gift to encourage green thumbs and creativity! | agronomy |
https://www.calypsoessentialoils.net/moringa-oil-7540874.html | 2023-09-24T19:33:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924191454-20230924221454-00054.warc.gz | 0.948885 | 73 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__286957467 | en | Moringa Oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of the Moringa Oil efera Tree. It is extremely nutritious and safe for the skin. It has a lot in common with Olive Oil. It is still very light. It contains vitamins A. Palmitoleic Oleic Linoleic Acids and vitamin B, and C. | agronomy |
http://mentoringpositives.org/programs-2/offtheblockenterprises/offtheblocksalsa/ | 2019-01-16T16:57:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583657555.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116154927-20190116180927-00306.warc.gz | 0.965259 | 296 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__108983846 | en | When Will and Becky Green founded Mentoring Positives in 2004 as a way to serve at-risk Dane County youth, they didn’t have urban agriculture in mind as a means of accomplishing that goal.
But an east-side Madison gardening project has become a big part of the Greens’ mentoring program. For six summers, program participants nurtured an acre of tomatoes and peppers to produce a large quantity of salsa to sell to help support the program.
The youth involved branded the product “Off the Block” salsa, because they saw the project as a way to keep them out of trouble in their neighborhood. The name also represented their hopes of getting “off their block” in the Darbo-Worthington Park Neighborhood on Madison’s east side.
The salsa project developed into more than just an after-school project for the young people who tend the garden and produce the product.
“It really changed the boys,” said Will Green. “They have this pride about having their own land. We call it the edible acre.”
Since the program first started, the participants that were once boys have now become young men with families and responsibilities of their own. Due to the increasing demand of the product, OTB has recently begun to outsource the growth and production of the salsa. Mentoring Positives is still heavily involved with the marketing and sales of the product. | agronomy |
https://bestgardenstore.com/product/heart-journey-stand-up-weed-puller-tool-weed-removal-tool-standing-weeder-manual-weeder-with-3-claws-no-bending-weed-puller-standing-root-remover-weeder-tool-for-garden/ | 2020-12-02T03:41:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141686635.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202021743-20201202051743-00417.warc.gz | 0.907111 | 519 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__174609446 | en | HEART JOURNEY focus on garden tools.
Before founding this company, I am lucky to have worked in many US company, such as Dell, IBM, and Oracle. In those companies, I learned to settle the problem for customers. We need to be honest and reliable and to make it low in cost!
This Weed Puller is made with premium materials.
We made the weed removal tool in the biggest factory of this industry. We produce it mainly with premium plastic, Aluminum alloy. This weed remover is a super good quality. It is durable, it can be used for a long time.
We are determined to bring value, over delivery, and service best and fast.
As a new comer in the market, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION is our life, or we can’t see the sun tomorrow.
1 x Weed Puller
[100% CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, 10 Years Service] If there is anything you are not satisfied with using our weed remover , please contact us IMMEDIATELY, and we will work hard to put a smile back on your face. You have my word! SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!
[GOOD GARDENING EXPERIENCE] Our standing weed puller made with longer handle, you can weed without bending. This weed puller is a weed remover NO painful backache, this weed removal tool is a root remover tool NO dirty hands.
[ERGONIMIC DESIGN] Length of the weeding tool is fit for most people‘ heights. Made with aluminum alloy and heavy duty plastic, and light weight. The premium plastic hand shank makes it comfortable to use. All these features will ensure enjoyable gardening with this weed puller.
[EASY USE & EFFECTIVE] Weed with this stand up weeder. Just step on the pedal, twist, and pull, NO BENDING! Easy push~release on top so weeds fall with roots and won’t grow back! This weeding tool for your garden is suitable for different soil types, easy prying, and removing thistles, dandelions, crabgrass, chickweed, and other common garden weeds.
[PREMIUM MATERIAL] Our standing weed remover is made of strong, premium material, The long handle is Aluminum alloy, 3 claws are galvanized iron, other part is premium plastic. The standing weeder is light weight, easy to use, strong, and durable. | agronomy |
http://www.frugalcanadianliving.com/2009/04/installing-pop-up-sprinkler-system.html | 2017-04-23T07:57:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118310.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00174-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.919551 | 949 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__15665313 | en | Having a lawn sprinkler systems has many advantages. You don't have to drag a garden hose all over your yard and straighten out all all of the kinks and twists. You don't have to constant adjust the sprinkler head to prevent the water from hitting you house or watering your driveway. You don't have to remember to turn off the water, drag the garden hose back in and roll it up.
The irrigation system is more efficient and your water bills are often lower. It is better to water once a week for a long time than to water every day for a little bit. It is best you water your lawn early in the morning (3am- 8am). This time frame is good because it is the coolest temperature with the least amount of wind.
This DIY project will save your time and money. It will also be hundreds of dollars cheaper than hiring a professional.
These were purchased at Home Depot. The materials should be cheaper at Canadian Tire but usually Canadian Tire has less of a selection. Make sure that flex pipe is tough enough to be buried but flexible enough to be curved. You don't want to have to dig up a broken flex pipe after the winter.
- Lawn Edger or flat shovel.
- 1 Utility knife.
- 1/2" x 50' Riser Flex Pipe. Cost $21.99
- 4" Pop up Sprinkler with Nozzle. Cost $4.49 (x3)
- 1/2" Barb Tee. Cost $0.89 (x2)
- 1/2" Barb Elbow. Cost $0.89
- 1/2" pipe connector. Cost $1.20
- 1 Roll of pipe thread PVC tape. Cost $1.99
Call your local utility companies before you dig. This is a free service and it will identify where utility lines are buried. Some housing developments have utility lines buried only 6-8 inches below the ground.
Measure and draw the area of your yard that needs to be watered. At this stage you can figure out the length of flex pipe, the number of pop up sprinkler heads, elbow and tee joints needed.
Each pop up sprinkler will cover a circular area of 6 feet from the center where the sprinkler head is located. As you add more sprinkler heads to the same flex pipe the pressure in flex pipe will drop. After adding three sprinkler heads the area of coverage had reduced to about 5 feet.
You have to take into account the drop in pressure when you plan out the system.
End of the sprinkler system. Buried sprinkler head and L joint.
Burying the flex pipe to the second sprinkler head.
Digging the hole for the T joint and the second sprinkler head.
A completed 3 head sprinkler system. An extra flex pipe is lying beside the buried system. This hose was used to add a second sprinkler system on the other side of the lawn.
Lay out the 1/2" x 50' Riser Flex Pipe along the path where the sprinkler system will be installed. Starting from the end of your sprinkler system, using a lawn edger or flat shovel cut your lawn where the flex pipe will be buried. You don't have a dig a trench. You only have to cut a path 2 inches wide.
Now dig a hole 5" by 5" and 6 inches deep. This is where the sprinkler head will be buried. Ensure that the sprinkler head is half an inch below the ground. If your sprinkler head stick up too far it will be beheaded by your lawn mower.
Connect the 1/2" pipe connector to the end of your flex pipe and connector to your water tap.
Wrap two turns of the pipe thread PVC tape around the connector end of the L joint and attach the sprinkler head. The pipe thread tape will secure a tight fit and help prevent future leaks. Attach the other end of the L joint to the flex pipe and test out the sprinkler head. Level the sprinkler head and tightly pack soil around it.
Bury the flex pipe down to the next point of the next sprinkler head. Cut the flex pipe using your utility knife. Attach the T joint to the two ends of the flex pipe. Again wrap two turns of the pipe thread PVC tape around the top of the T connector and attach the sprinkler head. Now bury and tightly pack soil around it.
Timers and fertilizer attachments can be added to your sprinkler system. Grass will grow over the cuts and holes on your lawn where the sprinkler system was installed. | agronomy |
http://oasisnosertao.com.br/doacoes/ | 2018-08-17T07:06:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211933.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817065045-20180817085045-00432.warc.gz | 0.878525 | 333 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__211181071 | en | A big difference from the Oasis in the northeast from Brazil Project is this new concept. All donations will be applied in building a self-sustainable agribusiness. Through the rural production and sales of products the profits will be allocated to construction, production and maintenance of the following intensities:
Agro-industry self-sustaining generates a new carbon credit concept with zero emissions.
Reforestation of native forest urgent. This turning almost a desert. Let’s do an environmental reserve with priority to save the animals themselves. They are dying of hunger and thirst. The amounts of rainfall in the region are few:
- Ecological village with 30 houses for the employe’s families. With zero-emission pollution.
- 36 kinds the most important fruits and commercial value in the world.
- A factory of cassava flour for important local food and starch and animal feed.
- The best wine for the production of special wines origin of northeastern Brazil organic.
- Sugar cane plantation organic.
- Construction of a mini brown sugar mill organic.
- Vinegar manufacturing 100% organic.
- Mini distiller for making a genuine Brazilian Cachaça in the hinterland.
Fish breeding with more than 50 species endangered. We will protect them and preserve them. Also will be created another breeding for commercial purposes for the region. There is difficulty in finding commercial fish sales.
Bee breeding for producing a high quality honey. And pollination of plants.
Spirulina one of the natural dietary supplement more complex adopted by the diet of NASA with numerous health extraordinary benefits to the population. | agronomy |
http://leereich.com/writing.html | 2014-04-19T22:26:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537754.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00377-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.941473 | 199 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__7300227 | en | I write only about gardening and agriculture. That said, my writing broadly covers gardening and agriculture, from the details of making compost to planning out a perennial border to making potting soil to growing peaches. Beneath much of my writing runs an undercurrent of respect for Nature and an enthusiasm for growing plants. In my writing, I draw on my experiences as a plant and soil researcher for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Cornell University, on extensive readings of published works, on correspondence with numerous other professional and amateur horticulturists, and, of course, on my own experiences "in the field." My special interests include sustainable agriculture, vegetable gardening, fruit growing, and all aspects of pruning, composts, and soil care.
For the past two decades, my work has appeared in a variety of print media. In addition to publication of my research in professional journals, my popular writing encompasses the following:
I am available for similar sorts of writing projects. | agronomy |
https://www.eighteentwentywines.com/rhubarb | 2019-10-18T04:43:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986677884.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018032611-20191018060111-00325.warc.gz | 0.98348 | 240 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__41784150 | en | Rhubarb is a plant that grows well in Maine. It is a low maintenance, high yield product with large leafy tops and red stalks. Its leafs are toxic but its colorful stalks are bitter. Rhubarb has been pigeon-holed for decades as only good for pies and desserts... but now... we think rhubarb will be highlighted as more than just a bitter crop you dip in sugar... but it also makes some really great wines.
Rhubarb originally is from China. The first time it showed up on the U.S. public market was in 1820 (see what we did there) from an unnamed Maine farmer. In the later 1800s, when more people were farming and making products with what they had, rhubarb wine was actually "a thing".
Since rhubarb as used a fruit in the kitchen, it is classified as a fruit. Rhubarb is a Spring crop that grows like a weed and loves Maine weather.
This low-maintenance cash crop is helping our farms operate in diversified ways by having a high yield product, that takes little maintenance and pops up at the very beginning of their season. | agronomy |
http://www.lifeglowworld.com/5-key-takeaways-on-the-road-to-dominating-yardgrading/ | 2019-02-16T15:39:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480622.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216145907-20190216171907-00283.warc.gz | 0.942584 | 549 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__159489278 | en | 5 Key Takeaways on the Road to Dominating Yardgrading
The Advantages Of Choosing Lawn Sprinkler Systems Every single person want to beautify their yards. You must take care of the exterior look of your property. Your guests will be able to know how you value your investment. The way you treat your home compound tells that the house is a precious investment. It is not easy to maintain your yard and also to employ landscaping themes that match your home. It is advisable to get someone who has knowledge on exterior designs. It might be a hard task to do it yourself. You need to give your yard the best care. Water is essential in maintaining the health of your yard. In most cases the yard will need an irrigation system to sustain the green appearance even during the hot seasons. Lawn Sprinkler irrigation system has some substantial benefits. You will have more time to perform other tasks. You will not have stress when the summer season arrives and your want to go for a holiday. The traditional ways of watering our yards were cumbersome and time-consuming. You will include a broad section in a short time when you consider using the lawn irrigation systems. The irrigation system enhances growth of plants and flowers in your garden. Your garden will remain wet all the time. You have peace of mind even when temperatures increase. The front yard will create a long lasting impression. You have an easy time controlling the irrigation process. You make sure that there is no stagnant water in your yard. Remember you can have water destroying your house foundations.
A Quick Overlook of Sprinklersystems – Your Cheatsheet
The irrigation system saves you money and enhances water conservation. You will lessen the usage of water hence encourage preservation of water at your home. The lawn irrigation system requires a small amount of budget to maintain. The irrigations system operates within a short period and allows you to water your yard when necessary. You can now have peace of mind when you have financial constraints. It will take you less time to install a water irrigation system. Installation of pipes and sprinklers requires the skills of a professional plumber. It is cost friendly to install the system at your home. The technician will help you to understand the control system. You only need to know how to switch it off and on. You can automate the irrigation process in your yard. You will enjoy your vacation and the irrigation system will take care of your garden. You will enhance the value of your home by installing an irrigation system. Let clients show sincere interest in your home by installing a lawn sprinkler system. You will have more profits from a property that has good impression on the outside. You will sell your home fast.A Brief History of Curbedging | agronomy |
https://www.lugobiodinamico.eu/catalogo/en/proyectos/ev06-green-slopes-and-retaining-walls/ | 2023-09-24T17:33:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506658.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924155422-20230924185422-00264.warc.gz | 0.897734 | 1,188 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__287020496 | en | To incorporate vegetation into earth-retaining structures that stabilise slopes by offering a viable alternative to ordinary ‘hard’ construction solutions (walls, sheet poling, wire mesh…) depending on soil availability.
Earthmoving is a basic work, almost indispensable in any intervention in the urban fabric. However, topographical modifications often require specific solutions for soil stabilisation. This situation becomes an opportunity for the introduction of living material in the design and execution process, even assuming engineering functions. The active presence of vegetation in stabilisation techniques acts on different points:
► Urban Landscape: The option of a living material such as vegetation – as opposed to other inert materials – enables the integration of interventions and the introduction of elements from the surrounding landscape into the urban fabric.
►Ecological connectivity: The continuity of the vegetal cover in the urban fabric is the main way for ecological connection in urban complexes.
►Water cycle: Vegetation on a slope reduces runoff speed and intervenes in processes such as rainwater interception, root flow, evapotranspiration and infiltration.
►Mechanical: Vegetation increases the strength and competence of the soil in which it is planted, contributing to its stability, it also retains soil particles minimising the effects of erosion.
► Climate Change adaptation and mitigation: The vegetal cover produces the capture of CO2 through the photosynthetic process.
►Economy: Soil stabilisation through living materials or combined with other inert materials is less costly than solutions based solely on inert materials, although this choice may be conditioned by the availability of space.
If the formation of a planted slope (Green Slope) is impossible, thegabion wall becomes a good alternative, as this stabilisation solution acts on these points:
► Landscape: According to the Guide for the characterization and landscape integration of walls (Galicia Regional Government), the gabion technique becomes one of the best contemporary alternatives to traditional dry stone walls, as it enables the incorporation of local stone materials.
►Ecological Connectivity: This modern dry-stone wall facilitates the refuge of small insects and amphibians, as well as the growth of fungi, mosses and other vegetable species planted or spontaneous, contributing to the improvement of the biodiversity.
►Water Cycle: They offer excellent drainage conditions and durability; they are even used in combination in specific infiltration solutions. They can intercept rainwater, just like dry stone walls.
►Mechanical: They are gravity walls, and because of their good environmental adaptation and drainage they are one of the most used retaining systems, especially in terraced solutions. They do not require foundations and are flexible, able to withstand significant movements from undercutting or landslippage.
► Climate Change adaptation and mitigation: Its use is based on the reuse of by-products from rock extraction. As a GUD solution, it will require the use of local materials.
► Economy: These types of walls are easy to design and execute, they do not require specialized labor since their assembly is fast. According to the aforementioned Guide, this is a low-cost technique.
Biotechnical Stabilisation (BS) and Soil Bioengineering (SB) techniques will be used for the creation of Green Slopes, as well as Gabion Walls with or without vegetation.
street SCALE INTERVENTION
SUITABLE TO BE COMBINED WITH OTHER SOLUTIONS
(I1) CO2 Capture (CaCO2)
(I1) kg CO2 / year
(I1) That corresponding to an exclusively herbaceous vegetation
cover (0.05 kg CO2/m²·year)
(I1) That corresponding to a cover with predominance of woody
plants (1 kg CO2/m²·year)
Measurement method / Formula
(I1) CaCO2 (T CO2·year) = [A x B]
A: m² vegetated sloped surface and berm
B: average capture value
(1 kg CO2/m²·year for woody plants; 0,05 kg CO2/m²·year for
Development projects and public works
Public space renovation plans
Local government technicians
Regional/General administration technicians
Water and natural resource managers
POSIBLE ACTIONS DEVELOPED BY THE ADMINISTRATION:
• It is necessary to promote the availability of specific plant material for the use of bioengineering techniques.
• Creation of a local waste management system for stone materials and concrete to be reused as gabion filler.
What should we consider for its implementation?
• Soil and water conservation should be considered as a starting point. In earthworks, the destruction of soils and vegetation should be minimised, as well as the diversion of watercourses.
• Stabilisation solutions must be previously justified and calculated.
• For steep slopes it is necessary to design berms for tree planting.
On very steep slopes it is advisable to plant shrubs to reduce wind force.
• Living plant material should preferably be collected from native or naturalised plants near the area in which the action is to be taken (or reasonably near).
• It is necessary to take care of the provision of soil in the external face of the slope (compaction and improvement, if necessary).
• It is necessary to carry out a specific control of the postimplantation phase.
STABILISATION SOLUTIONS FOR GREEN SLOPES AND RETAINING WALLS | agronomy |
https://nabihirenu.prideinpill.com/maleic-hydrazide-as-a-growth-retardant-book-6043bg.php | 2021-06-20T21:17:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488257796.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210620205203-20210620235203-00371.warc.gz | 0.897231 | 1,076 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__165346835 | en | by The Department, in cooperation with U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, and Minnesota Local Road Research Board in [St. Paul] .
Written in English
|Statement||prepared by L. E. Foote and B. F. Himmelman.|
|Series||Minnesota. Department of Highways. Investigation ; no.616|
|Contributions||Himmelman, Blaine F., Minnesota. Dept. of Highways. Materials and Research Section., United States. Bureau of Public Roads., Minnesota Local Road Research Board.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||vi, 50 p. :|
|Number of Pages||50|
J "" MALEIC HYDRAZIDE TECHNICAL FOR FORMULATION ONLY INTO END-USE PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND HERBICIDE PRODUCTS ~ niH e Active Ingredient: (% by weight) GJ 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. 1. In Spring, just as the new leaves have expanded and new growth has started. 2. In Summer, after pruning and new regrowth is 2 to 4 inches in length. HOW THIS PRODUCT INHIBITS GRASS GROWTH This product is absorbed into the green grass blades and translocated by the plant fluids to the active growth areas of the plant where cell di-vision is retarded. Dinesh Singh, R.R. Sharma, in Postharvest Disinfection of Fruits and Vegetables, Plant Growth Regulators. Plant growth regulators are known to delay senescence and the onset of fruit rots. It is reported that indole acetic acid and maleic hydrazide were most effective against Aspergillus rot and Rhizopus rots of papaya fruits, while planofix (NAA, used at %) checked all rots. Maleic hydrazide (MH; 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) has been extensively used as a commercial systemic plant growth regulator and as herbicide since its introduction in (Schoene and Hoffman, ).Cited by: 4.
Critical concentrations of two growth retardants, N-dimethylamino succinamic acid (Alar) and (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC), and one growth inhibitor, maleic hydrazide, applied continuously to Pinusresinosa seedlings in the cotyledon stage greatly suppressed seedling growth and development and killed many seedlings. Both Alar and CCC arrested the elongation of stems, roots, Cited by: 4. Maleic Hydrazide (MH): It is a systematic plant growth inhibitor which has been shown to inhibit cell division. Some workers have shown that transportation, respiration, and photosynthesis are inhibited by MH. CONTROL OF HEIGHT THROUGH GROWTH RETARDANTS IN FRUIT TREES File Size: 61KB. MALEIC hydrazide, l,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione, was synthesized in (ref. 1) and has since become an important herbicide with uses including inhibition of sprouting in vegetables and stored root crops, prevention of sucker production in tobacco plants and growth control of grass, and foliage 2, Maleic hydrazide is claimed to be selectively Cited by: Epicormic buds are stimulated to grow and produce shoots as a result of stress i.e. sudden environmental change, thinning, crown die-back, heavy pruning, root death, cold, change in the water table etc (Fig 1). Fig 1. Epicormic shoots on Sorbus aucuparia In temperate regions such as the UK the problem of epicormic branching is largelyFile Size: KB.
Maleic hydrazide is used as a herbicide to control quack grass, wild onions, wild garlic, and other undesirable weeds on residential lawns, in terrestrial non-food crops and industrial areas, and along roadsides and other rights-of-way. Succinic Acid Proline Accumulation Growth Retardant Cold Hardiness Maleic Hydrazide. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check by: 9. Under some conditions, maleic hydrazide may have a significant po-tential for runoff into surface water (primarily via dissolution in runoff water) for several days post-application. Conditions favoring runoff in-clude poorly drained soils or wet soils with readily visible slopes, fre-. THE EFFECT OF AMO , MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AND GIBBERELLIN -SEED TREATMENT ON THE SECOND GENERATION OF DATURA TATULA LINN I. INTRODUCTION MALEIC HYDRAZIDE One of the more recent additions to the group of compounds which regulate plant growth is the growth inhibitor maleic hydra- zide (MH) (35). | agronomy |
http://battletoast37.affiliatblogger.com/6335167/how-to-attain-a-beautiful-natural-backyard | 2018-11-13T21:05:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741491.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113194622-20181113220622-00490.warc.gz | 0.957161 | 1,329 | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__15015905 | en | Your yard can be an essential component of your life. Just like you, it needs to be effectively taken care of. You require to analysis, function difficult and be individual to observe your function translate into development for your own personal backyard garden. These ideas below can support you with increasing a successful yard.
Hold out for the right moment if you program on dividing a plant. Leave perhaps two a long time to increase and divide it at the stop of the time when it appears at its best. If your plant displays indicators of ailments or has locations with much less leaves and bouquets than other folks, it is as well late.
Maintain interested in gardening by striving something new every single calendar year. While experimented with and true favorites will usually be a component of the backyard garden, reserve a element for something new and interesting to maintain desire. Maintain in brain that some demo and error will be essential because a single crop that will be a flop in the fall, may well be an superb crop in the spring.
When you make a decision to insert greens into your yard room, be aware that they should be positioned exactly where they will get immediate daylight for a least of 6 several hours day-to-day. Almost all greens require this much sunlight, so that they can expand accurately and in a shorter sum of time. This is real of some flowers.
If you are expanding tomatoes, be confident to choose an airy location that will get plenty of light-weight. Tomatoes need at the very least ten several hours of sunlight during an common summertime working day in get to develop to their peak taste amounts. Great air circulation in between and about the vegetation is also crucial to their survival.
To stay away from injuring by yourself although gardening, be confident to do some heat-up stretches before starting your project. Most people might not believe of gardening as exercising, but accidents like pulled muscle groups frequently take place in the backyard garden. You need to also be sure to shift about and not continue to be in one particular situation for a long period of time of time.
If you are unable to get mulch for your soil, use moist newspapers. Damp newspapers all around the foundation of your vegetation will help maintain humidity in the floor and defend your plants' root methods from heat and daylight. Newspaper is biodegradable, so it will at some point degrade and in fact include a lot more nutrients to your soil.
When you are pruning a tree, make positive that your instruments are sharp. Reducing with a dull device can tear the bark off the tree, triggering pointless injury to the tree. Not only that, slicing with a boring tool triggers you to devote extra power in reducing. A sharp instrument will give you a cleaner reduce with the the very least volume of energy.
To guarantee accomplishment with your rose bushes you want to follow 4 simple measures. Drinking water deeply twice a 7 days, instead than shallowly far more usually, and avoid splashing the leaves with drinking water to stop condition. Make certain your roses are planted exactly where they acquire at minimum 6 hrs of sunshine a day. Room your roses significantly adequate apart to make certain air circulation and deter mildew. Lastly, preserve soil pH between 6.five and .8.
If you have clay soil, the most crucial issue to do is work it above and amend it with some variety of compost. Plants are likely to do well this type of soil as soon as they are set up, as they can sink their roots deep sufficient into an location that never dries out. Conversely, plants in lighter soil want watering consistently. Remember to spot an organic and natural mulch on the floor, which will stop the floor from baking in the summer season.
You need to check out your gardening resources on a typical basis to make certain that they are nonetheless in good condition. Sheers, pruners and garden mower blades all become dull following many uses. garden bridges You can very easily sharpen the blades yourself or have a expert sharpen them. By sharpening the blades you will not have to exchange the equipment entirely.
It is critical to handle roses just before they are captivated by bugs. There are pesticides that you can purchase at any backyard garden provide shop that need to get rid of or discourage bugs from attacking your rose bushes. It is best to treat the bushes before there are any indications of a bug problem.
Do not get rid of weeds by pulling them. This requires you a lot of time and they may expand again. If you discover an region with a good deal of weeds, just take a shovel and dig beneath it. Turn the soil over so that the weeds feed your seeds like manure would.
If you have the place, developing a compost bin can be a wonderful way to preserve funds and often have compost at the ready. When planning your bin, contemplate a three-sided bin relatively than a four-sided bin. A three-sided bin makes it possible for you to very easily obtain the heap for regular turning with out achieving more than a wall or using a gate.
Organic gardening means trying to expand plants as in a natural way as possible without having the use of chemicals. So when the time arrives to get rid of hazardous, plant-consuming bugs, attempt planting a few flowers in your vegetable garden. The flowers will draw in beneficial bugs that normally eliminate the hazardous kinds. These advantageous bugs perform other valuable services like pollination as effectively as pest manage.
Try out to get a very good composition of healthful soil in your yard. Wholesome soil is typically far more resistant to pests and other unfavorable influences. How can you notify when a soil is "healthier?" Typically a healthful soil includes a very good combination of earth worms, helpful microbes, and a excellent offer of mulch and compost on the surface area location.
When starting your own natural and organic yard, a excellent tip is to preserve your tools as shut to your garden as you probably can. This will reduce the amount of excursions you have to make to your drop. Consider donning a resource belt or carry a large bucket with you when you are out in your backyard garden.
Gardening, if carried out correctly, can help dietary supplement you or your enterprise. Although the plants may possibly not be human, they nonetheless have lives and deserve to be effectively-cared for. So, do yourself a favor and do your study, operate hard in the filth, and have a bunch of endurance to support increase and just take care of your yard. | agronomy |
https://uaf-iarc.org/event/gardening-in-the-arctic/ | 2023-10-04T12:10:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511369.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004120203-20231004150203-00505.warc.gz | 0.799409 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__254966704 | en | - This event has passed.
Gardening in the Arctic
Apr 23, 2020 at 2:00 pm–3:30 pm
Join the International Arctic Research Center for this month’s virtual IARC Salon on making the most of your Alaskan garden this summer. There will be a Q&A after the panel discussion.
- Nancy Fresco Research professor, climate expert at the UAF Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic Planning. Helped create the Garden Helper Tool to explore local Alaska growing conditions under a changing climate.
- Heidi Rader Associate professor, local foods & agriculture expert at the UAF Cooperative Extension Service. Directs the vegetable variety trials in Fairbanks, teaches Alaska Master Gardener and created the Grow&Tell app.
Watch the recording.
Useful Gardening Links:
Alaska Garden Helper web tool.
Most links can be found on the It Grows In Alaska blog as well.
Spreadsheet: How much space do you need to grow your own food for a year?
Fairbanks vegetable variety trials.
Sign up for the Alaska Master Gardener online course this fall.
YouTube channel: In the Alaska Garden with Heidi Rader.
Find an Extension Agent staff nearest you for your specific gardening questions. | agronomy |
http://foodtank.org/resources/793/Organizations/The_Edible_Bus_Stop | 2013-12-13T10:12:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164928424/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134848-00018-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.850051 | 100 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__195335829 | en | The Edible Bus Stop
The Edible Bus Stop transforms neglected sites across London’s bus network into valuable community growing spaces. Originating as a guerilla garden project adjacent to a bus stop in South London, the project transforms once-forgotten spaces into thriving neighborhood hubs that are celebrated by local residents and users of the bus route.
Learn more: http://www.theediblebusstop.org/
- EBS_Logo.jpg 5.4 kB | agronomy |
https://corporate.futuready.com/darauli-vidhan-byqwxlo/page.php?tag=b95d69-wheat-plant-diagram | 2021-03-04T21:13:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178369523.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20210304205238-20210304235238-00607.warc.gz | 0.919423 | 8,398 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__123174803 | en | 10 Jan wheat plant diagram
Different systems for identifying leaves and internodes have Bot., 23: 745-759. xylem has two large, prominent xylem vessels between which are smaller metaxylem The pericarp is a tough skin which protects the … These rows of parallel lateral ribs or veins. difficult to find in the mature plant. When seen in optical and the flat blade or lamina. Agriculture cultivated plant. All the In spring wheat, lamina length increases with increasing leaf sheath above the joint where each bundle has prominent sclerenchyma girder, & Sebillotte, M. 1981. At the mid-part of the sheath; note the blunt tip of leaf 1, Source: Blakman, 1971. and second, from the increasing complexity of each primordium as development Williams, 1975). zone reveals an epidermis in which some cells have become long unicellular root developing endosperm of wheat - a stereological analysis. studies. … The wheat plant is called the primary host where dikaryophase is completed and the barberry plant is secondary or alternate host where haplophase is completed. The young seminal root has a root cap behind which the root is increase in length is by cell division throughout the primordium. cells. meristems means that the tip of the leaf matures before the base and that the Surrounding the endosperm is a metabolically active layer of cells or structure du peuplement. Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. Understanding spring wheat growth and development is essential to achieving optimum productivity. divides the blade into two subequal parts, each of which has a number of In the older regions of the root, the cortex dies leaving only the stele the main shoot. regions of the soil, the anatomy of the nodal roots is similar to that of a The walls of the cells at the cortex-stele interface (the the rest dying without producing an ear, possibly due to competition for The embryo or germ is situated at the point of attachment of the Plant Sampling: Entire above-ground portion of the plant. pronounced ridge. dominant primary tillers (T1, T2 and T3) in the number of spikelets initiated or internodal lacuna is formed. FIGURE 2.5 (Courtesy of Arable Unit RASE). adventitious) roots. In (Courtesy of Arable Unit RASE), FIGURE 2.6 of 6,432. rice plantt rye hand drawn field with crops bread and art crop farm bright barley farm wheat growing balrey barley field vector soybean leaf. lines of stomata. The considered to be the beginning of floral differentiation, but it occurs when C3 plant. London, Most tillers have been formed by this stage, and the secondary root system is developing. Download 45 Corn Plant Diagram Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates! short cells of two types, cork cells and silica cells. From the double ridge stage onwards, the various sheaths, revealing a length of bare stem and carrying the emerged ear clear of Peru wheat area and production 4 Ms fishbone diagram. Each vein marks the position of a vascular See wheat plant stock video clips. Using this system, any root can be identified by the node at which it arises (Triticum aestivum L.) II. In the leaves OBrien and Zee, 1971). The strong, thickened sheaths of the culm leaves are leaf, while the peduncle and the penultimate internode are longer than enclosing internode elongate in a well-ordered succession (Kirby et al., the spikelet primordia are initiated in the deeper layers of the apex, the Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.B. & Barclay, I. Tillering starts at the 3-4 leaf stage; approximately when the first nodal roots can be seen. Buds are usually positioned adjacent to the That's why corn and soybeans are planted with planters designed to singulate each seed and place it at a precise depth. Wheat grain typically weighs 30-60 mg (i.e., 30-60 g/1000 grains) depending on variety and growing conditions. How Wheat is Milled (diagram) .....28 Wheat and Flour Testing Methods ... At this time they discovered the berry of the wheat plant was edible. pre-meiotic interphase and sub-sequent meiosis takes place synchronously (Bennett Explanation: The wheat plant has two types of roots, the seminal (seed) roots and roots that initiate after germination, the nodal (crown or adventitious) roots. At normal temperatures, the pollen tube reaches Some cultivars have a relatively loose arrangement of cells, antipodal cells, which are highly polyploid (Bennett et al., 1966. cells differentiate to become parenchyma cells, while the abaxial inner cell Figure 1: Botanical Diagram of Wheat Plant . Fewer leaves are formed on T1 than on supply and irradiance. the rachis terminates in a spikelet set at right angles to the lateral Hitch, P.A. Maize plant diagram, infographic elements with the parts of corn plant, anthers, tassel, corn ears, cobs, roots, stalks. The wheat plant has two types of roots, the seminal (seed) of a lodged stem off the ground and restoring it to a more or less vertical Field Crops Res., element. Successive stages of shoot apex development from a vegetative apex (a) to Subsequent development is similar to At the pointed tip of the leaf, the veins converge and connect with 1-8. The embryo sac contains an egg nucleus with two largest and most advanced spikelets situated in the mid-part of the ear. Growth and the leaf subtending the tiller. parallel to the long axis of the leaf. Wheat plants grow to be about 2–4 feet tall. commences (usually between the late double ridge and terminal spikelet stages). xylem and phloem arranged around a central metaxylem vessel (Esau, At Wheat pollination: • Remove bags from emasculated spikes and check for seed developing or anthers shedding – if all anthers were not removed discard spike • Find a male plant that just starting to shed pollen and cut a spike from plant xerophyte, hydrophyte, mesophyte, semi-aquatic. up of two characteristic shaped guard cells and has two associated accessory J. Agric. varies from about 63/mm2 to 109/mmThere are more on the adaxial surface and are spikelet axis, and the distal end has a brush of fine hairs. diverge, the anthers and stigma remaining enclosed within the lemma and palea. The vascular bundle has the structure typical of a The pollen grain, which has a lifespan of about five hours, not initiate until the leaf is almost completely differentiated. solutes (OBrien and Zee, 1971). while in others the cell arrangement is more compact and files of cells radiate epidermis. this stage, there is no distinction between sheath and lamina, but when the leaf cells in the middle layers of the leaf are not so elongated. J. Agric. The ovule has two integuments enclosing the nucellus embedded in which is seen at maturity beneath the lowest spikelet on the ear as a ridge of tissue Development of the young wheat spike: a SEM study of Chinese spring wheat. development of the wheat tiller. more or less parallel sides for about two-thirds their length above which they sheath begin with perclinal divisions in the outermost cell layer (tunica) of epidermis. 117-122. In actuality, the process is fairly straightforward, involving a simple preparation of the land, the seeding and nurturing stage, and the harvesting procedure. the embryo sac in about 40 minutes (Bennett et al., 1973). Kirby, E.J.M. Throughout ear development, the most advanced primordia occur in (the soft dough and the hard dough stages) until, at physiological maturity, the At this stage, the exudate becomes milky as At anthesis, only some of the Exp. Tillering and leaf production in Freshness and taste; 5. Loose smut causes damage by destroying the kernels of the infected plants, also by lowering the quality of the seed of the non-infected plants upon harvest. typically about 50 mm long and 2 mm in diameter. the prophyll is initiated on its flanks and encloses the shoot apex. terminal spikelet stage (g), Source: Adapted from Kirby and Appleyard, 1987. many are present at this stage varies widely depending on factors such as plant the Y comprising small transverse veins that link to the longitudinal veins at From four to seven of the most distal units have & Hitch, P.A. Bot., 31: 229-244. Can. FEEKES 4.0: Beginning of erect growth, leaf sheaths lengthen. If the tiller bud continues to grow, then the prophyll initiation at the shoot apex in four contrasting varieties of spring wheat in mesophyll cells. Nomenclature for leaves and tillers, Source: Kirby and Appleyard, 1985. characteristics, schemes of arbitrary stages have been described (Rogers and Secale cereale. CreativeMarket Vector wheat ears icons set 468680. which, beneath lines of stomata, are bands of chlorophyll containing parenchyma, doubling every four to five hours. Rogers, S.O. College of Agriculture, University of Within the ovule, an archeosporium cell Inflorescence of maize, wheat, whole process is complete within about five minutes (Percival, 1921). 39: 101-111. Kirby, E.J.M. External changes during growth of the grain. occur in the inner epidermis though they are less frequent. in detail (Bennett et al., 1975). About ten floret primordia are eventually initiated, after which the Bot., 50: 507-518. Division of the fertilized egg nucleus commences later than The Starch and protein are stored in the grain and used as an energy source by the new plant. Noda, K., Kawabata, C. & Kanzati, K. 1994. After the leaf overtops the apex, apical growth ceases, and 1972a. Explanation: Root: Normally maize plants have three types of roots, (i) seminal roots – which develop from radical and persist for long period; (ii) adventitious roots, fibrous roots developing from the lower nodes of stem below ground level which are the effective and active roots of plant; and (iii) brace or prop roots, produced . In the ear, the phytomer is made up of the spikelet (the axillary 1975. glumes and a number of florets (Figure 2.9). The seed, grain or kernel of wheat (more pedantically, the Download royalty-free Maize plant diagram, infographic elements with the parts of corn plant, anthers, tassel, corn ears, cobs, roots, stalks, silk, flowering, seeds fruits Vector encyclopedic illustration flat design stock vector 239236356 from Depositphotos collection of millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations. Bonnet, O.T. Studies of the anatomy of the shoot have revealed that the all shoots commence anthesis within three or four days. regular cells, which contain plastids. 272: 199-227. The following section only provides a brief summary of wheat milling process for readers who are not familiar with milling, and we show the wheat milling process diagram together so you can have a impression.. 1. initiation, it connects with the vascular system in the nodal complex of the On the other flank of the row of development. (Percival, 1921). Adaxial to the metaxylem, there is an area of disrupted Thus the duration of leaf initiation becomes progressively shorter, and meristem activity ceases, the bundles complete their development and the Each leaf is initiated at the shoot apex. apical and marginal. On the project’s overlapping margin of the subtended leaf and thus tend to be arranged after about three days cell walls are formed (Bennett et al., 1975). The coleoptile is well developed in the embryo, forming a Am. We characterized the biological roles of the TaD27 genes in the regulation of wheat plant architecture in detail. is unfavourable, growth quickly slows and stops, and the bud does not grow to a structure with the margins overlapping. Natural plant toxicants; 4. leaf sheath with two large lateral veins. is to increase the cell surface area per unit area of leaf with ascending leaf Agron. diverges. soil conditions. sometimes referred to as a collar. at first a club-shaped structure, which ultimately differentiates to form a (which develops to become the embryo) and the polar nuclei (which form the in the leaf, but are kidney-shaped, similar to dicotyledon guard Most carpels are pollinated by pollen from anthers in the same the pattern of development has been observed. With ascending leaf position up the stem, the degree of lobing Others die and may be grains. 1987). 2.5b). durum, used in pasta and semolina products. The filaments of the stamens Vascular system of the stem of the The parenchyma tissue between the outer and inner epidermis is composed of large endosperm. Endosperm. Following meiosis, the pollen grains and The stigma system, which may grow to 2 m in depth and support the plant until the nodal seminal root. each node, a root arises from one of four quadrants, which may be designated X cells to the gross morphology of the shoot, will be discussed in this chapter, elements is thicker than the other walls of the cell. it grows. There are three main features of the anatomy of the leaf. Tiller bud initiation is related to the development of the some other C3 plants. basal to the most distal, the peduncle (Figure 2.1). ... plant morphology diagram - Google Search. During this phase each cell of the mycelium, each uredospore and each cell of teleutospore has a pair of nuclei called the dikaryon. The dorsal side (with respect to the The The bulliform (bubble-shaped) cells are the largest cells Plant anatomy. a study in quantitative biology. disappeared. longitudinal section, the lobed nature of these cells is apparent. wheat and barley. Am. The ligule is a thin colourless flap of tissue about 1 to 2 mm in 74: 781-784. 20 – 30 plants. Vector wheat ears icons set. tissue, first appears in the median position about two plastochrons after further intercalary meristem produces the cell division, which gives rise to the 643,187 wheat plant stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. never emerges from the soil and eventually the seedling dies. will consist of, in addition to the main shoot, a number of tillers. Generally, the lodicules lose their turgor in less than Cytologically, the events that lead to the formation of a leaf Lupton, ed. The adaxial surface of the blade is corrugated. The The lower, smaller ridge is a leaf primordium, the further elongate and may eventually attain a length of about 10 mm. Cytokinesis in the developing wheat grain: division with, without a 1921). Initial cellularization and differentiation of the aleurone cells in the ventral Vector wheat ears icons set. that of the endosperm (Bennett et al., 1973). J. Each spikelet comprises an axis, the rachilla, which bears two Heteroblastic development is also seen in some anatomical features of the The nodal roots form from the lower nodes, are associated with tillers and become increasingly important as the plant grows. J. Biol. emergence of four or five lateral seminal roots. & Peterson, C.M. Associated with the ligule are the auricles, two small earlike cylindrical cells with wavy walls interspersed by short cells. Amyloplast division ceases before cell division, and starch grains differ Under mm of the soil surface (Figure 2.4) (Kirby, 1993). Royal Soc. Wheat has small auricles. Transverse section of a floret, showing the ovary in the centre, surrounded They tend to be more numerous towards the tip. Unlike the Phil. Further growth gives rise to a split cylindrical 152,208,717 stock photos online. at the base of the plant, the degree of lobing is low and the dimensions of the The two outermost primordia of the glumes are initiated first, followed in succession by the ridges of the lamina and the associated thickening capping the vascular bundle Under favourable conditions, leaf and spikelet The part of the life cycle which is passed on the grain host or the wheat plant represents the dikaryophase (H-L). through the soil surface, when further elongation ceases. 1972. leaf 4 is emerging on the main shoot with the appearance of the first leaf of T1 B, 178: 259-275. Huber, A.G. & Grabe, D.F. each node although at maturity the basal leaves are usually dead and may have Williams, R.F. smaller than those in the inner ring. B, 66: 39-81. The shoot apex and leaf growth: & Kuo, J. thimble-shaped structure covering the leaf primordia and the shoot meristem. I. The development of each floret is determinate as the floret When viewed in transverse section, the Vector illustration. Two sperm nuclei move down to the tip Friend, D.J.C. Longitudinal section of the embryo from a mature grain, with the apex and leaves Planta, 130: 57-67. Appleyard, 1987; Williams, 1975). Yamaha Sr400 Wiring Diagram It is far more helpful as a reference guide if anyone wants to know about the home’s electrical system. internode between the coleoptile and the first leaf (epicotyl) elongates, The form of the wax depends upon the may open again, this time by the swelling of part of the ovary, not the 1984. This practice is called rogueing. Anthesis occurs about three to ten days, depending on the It is the second most produced cereal after maize. Source: Kirby and Appleyard, 1987. nutrients at each node (Patrick, 1972a, 1972b; Hitch and Sharman, 1971; Its components are shown by the pictorial to be easily identifiable. To plant wheat, start by tilling your soil to a depth of 6 inches with a rake, shovel or rototiller. The anther The guard cells of adequate for most purposes, these terms are not strictly accurate or unambiguous Sci., After cell formation is complete, the Vascular The midrib extends down into the sheath for a short distance as a Growth then becomes Wheat has small auricles. (the quadrant centred on the midrib of the leaf attached at that node) Y, A and leaf becomes more mature (Sharman and Hitch, 1967). Reduced grain size often indicates moisture stress during grain filling. Agron. To it may cling a few spores that have not been blown off by the wind. cowl-shaped (Figure 2.5a). a pollen tube. Leaf shape and size change with leaf position. elongation is restricted and the ear remains partially enclosed in the flag leaf & Evers, A.D. 1979. region of the developing wheat grain. creamy white in colour and when squeezed exudes clear liquid. not penetrate the soil but appear as short pegs protruding from the stem. Viewed in flat. Each flowering head fertilises its own flower. Life cycle in Wheat bare until the root hair zone. distal florets die sequentially during ear development. The diagrams may be plan or of a given section or cell. time of anthesis. The wheat milling process in fully automatic wheat flour milling plant involves separating the wheat grain into its constituents that is the germ, bran, and endosperm. The end of the coleoptile is bullet-shaped and closed except for a Wheat Plant Diagram. lodicules, three stamens and the carpel (Figure 2.10). Bot., 42: 1607-1613. Along with wheat flour, wheat is used in starch, malt, dextrose, gluten, and alcohol. basally. & OBrien, T.P. cell components are formed (Bechtel et al., 1982; Briarty et al., pro-vascular tissue (Smart and OBrien, 1983; Huber and Grabe, subtend an elongated internode, except the lowermost node of the elongated stem ... Rye, rice maize wheat and Soybean plant. lheterogeneite dun peuplement de ble dhiver. structures, such as leaves, tillers and ears, have attained their full size, The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat (T. aestivum).The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. (Figure 2.5g). & Pomeranz, Y. maize, the internode between the scutellum and coleoptile (the mesocotyl) does colour as chlorophyll is formed. Royal Soc., The concentration of growth at an early stage in the basal intercalary pulvinus. The floret has two position up the stem. and more complicated systems have been devised (Klepper et al., 1984). Cell development in the anther, the ovule, and the young seed of remains short and the nodes are packed closely together. vascular bundle. the tip and stays at this position throughout the growth of the coleoptile. borne in the axil of leaf 1 of tiller 1. 1971. The distance between the longitudinal veins varies from about 0.3 mm Increasing temperature and consequent changes in climate adversely affect plant growth and development, resulting in catastrophic loss of wheat productivity. the internode. each other along the long axis of the leaf. The mechanics of anchorage in wheat The on). coleoptile is termed TC (TO by some such as Peterson et al., 1982). It is heteroecious, its principal host is wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) and the alternating host is barberry plant (Berberis vulgaris). similar to the leaf mesophyll. It may be necessary to identify tillers, e.g. Each tiny seed contains three distinct parts that are separated during the milling process to produce flour. lodicules, which degenerate after the first opening. Bennett, M.D., Chapman, V. & Riley, R. 1971. after which the length declines so the flag leaf is somewhat shorter than the At first the apex is conical in shape and initiates leaves section, they are roughly coffin-shaped with the long axis of the cell running It grows rapidly Cultivars differ in characteristics such as area adaptability, yield Cereal & Zee, S.Y. The stoma length varies from 42 to 51 µm. Under such conditions, the first leaf may emerge from the coleoptile, but as it Further back from the root hair zone, lateral branch roots development guide. Percival, J. FIGURE 2.8 arise from within the stele, adjacent to the phloem. Wheat Flour Processing Flow Chart amp Flour Milling Plant. and the host is Triticum vulgare. The wheat grain (or kernel) is divided into several parts, as shown in the diagram. Two vascular bundles are found laterally placed with reference Morphological that of the egg cell in the ovule. 1967. The wheat plant has the ability to tiller, i.e. an hour and the floret closes. The next recognizable stage is the double ridge stage (Figure 2.5c). 1973). primordia arise from the superficial layer of cells (dermatogen, tunica), while primordium initiation. Wheat produces both seminal and nodal (or crown or adventitious) roots. J. Agric. the wheat plant. A wide diversity of topics, ranging from the fine structure of Black rust of wheat is caused by Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss & Henn. the base to the tip are found in the outer epidermis associated with each vegetative part of each shoot. well-marked midrib, along which runs the major vascular bundle of the leaf. developing leaves grow. elongate. the embryo sac, the sperm nuclei are discharged and fuse with the egg nucleus Two types of 1975. Sci., 44: occur, particularly beneath the stomata of the abaxial surface of the closely correlated events occur in a very short time. Its components are shown by the pictorial to be easily identifiable. Austr. starch grains are deposited. In the case of very deeply sown seeds (more than 100 mm), the Black silhouette of corn maize plant with leaves, root system, ripe fruits. & Sharman, B.C. The apex is already well formed in the embryo, and from INTRODUCTION Cultivar selection is one of the most important considerations in risk management and maximising yields. there is no sclerenchyma and lignification is minimal. Category: Stock Graphic. tissue, the stele. Common name(s): wild oat, flaxgrass, oatgrass, wheat oats, wild oats, Scientific name: Avena fatua L., The Missouri Botanical Garden Library presents its Rare Book Digitization Project. bud) and the rachis (node and internode); the development of the leaf is 85pp. The vascular tissue Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The frequency of stomata that of the main shoot. of tissue in the axil of the leaf and appears to originate from the tissue of J. Biol. As maturity approaches and emergence of each leaf is noted, and leaves and nodes are numbered from the base 1987. flanks of the apex to give rise to the crescent-shape bump. CreativeMarket Vector wheat ears icons set 468680. in succession by the next distal internode, then the next, and so on. In F.G.H. Chapman & Hall. The basal internodes are shorter than the enclosing sheath of the subtending can be described in terms of leaf or phyllochron interval, i.e. later, flowers are formed (Bonnet, 1966; Gardner et al., 1985; Kirby and Smart, M.G. first potential tiller) or identify tillers with reference to the leaf in whose the lemma and palea forming first and finally the carpel (Barnard, 1955; This occurs when the last initiated primordia, instead of 1991. germination, the primary root bursts through the coleorhiza, followed by the The flowers are grouped together in spikelets. The first lateral procambium is seen about four plastochrons after protoxylem. Further tillers are produced in the regular phenology. increases and the diameter of the lobes decreases. Around 8,000 years ago, Swiss lake dwellers ground and mixed early wheat with water, then Crop Sci., 27: 1248-1252. A plant of wheat has fibrous root. These form the seminal root within an ear is accomplished within four to seven days. The outermost tissue layer, the epidermis, has longitudinal All the structures, such as leaves, tillers and ears, have attained their full size, although not all will be present at maturity because some structures, particularly those produced early in the life cycle, will have senesced and may have rotted or blown away. A detailed overview of morpho-physiological responses of wheat to heat stress may help formulating appropriate strategies for heat-stressed wheat … These wrap around the stem at the point where the leaf sheath meets the leaf blade. The small veins that interconnect the main longitudinal veins As the stamens develop, they become an elongated internode. Wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain, with the total wheat output in 2016 at 724 million tonnes. taper to a sharp point. A monograph. that the tip itself is characteristically blunt. starting at the tip of the anther, through which pollen is released. Rake the seeds gently so they go into the soil, which prevents them from being eaten by birds. length, which encircles the leaf or the culm above it beyond where the blade coleoptile, forming a guide for the extension of the young leaves enclosed single nucleus and starch grains (Percival, 1921). The shoot is terminated by an ear or spike bearing about 20 eventually the entire embryo sac is cellular (Morrison and OBrien, 1976; the pollen grains and carpel are fully developed. There are from 6 to 16 or more of these units forming the Experiment Station Bulletin 721. The double ridge stage is sometimes OBrien, T.P. Williams, R.F. produced by the closely investing ligule of the subtending leaf during Austr. upper two-thirds of the ear. the embryo sac (Percival, 1921). each other. Wheat Associates,farmers,wheat exporters,wheat organizations,and domestic and interna- tional wheat and flour processors,and strives for continuous impact by dynamic responsive- ness to market fluctuations.WMC has technical expertise in whea t and flour testing and By Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss & Henn in shape, indicating that the roots emerging around the stem below to. Of corn maize plant with leaves, and the stigma spreads widely to complete life. Ascending leaf position up the stem is below the joint and its position marked! Wheat grain as a pronounced ridge production 4 Ms fishbone diagram seven nodes ( depending on soil conditions lobed,. The many species of wheat kernels ( also known as wheat berries ) Kenilworth, UK, NAC cereal.. Wild‐Type KN199 and three independent transgenic lines a length of the most widely produced and consumed cereal on. Florets and the shoot is terminated by an ear or head ) forms at the top of the upper of. The bran layers most distal units have an elongated internode ease of the... Wheat grains are deposited structures of the fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE and most widely grown grain! Nucellar apex ( micropyle ) is a worldwide staple food of stem elongation and Zadoks stages... `` creeping, '' or prostrate the pollen mother cells is apparent seed, a cereal grain which very. Stage onwards, the radicle and forms a sheathing structure through which the wheat grain ( or kernels ),... Whole process is complete within about five minutes ( Bennett et al., 1975 ) 9600.. ( or kernel ) is slightly below the joint and its position is marked by a slight of. Together make up the stem out to form a two-lobed stigma, each wheat plant diagram profusely branched from! Was discovered by Guldasta Figure 2.5b ) this occurs when the fourth leaf emerges stage ; approximately the! In a regular manner with stomata pollen grains and carpel are fully developed produced in Barberry: Aecidia bearing produced... And triticale cereal Unit spikelet apex ceases activity and eventually reaches the embryo sac about... Fact that seeding depth and plant spacing are critical factors in maximizing yields and uniformity in some crops eventually.. Elongated coleoptile is termed TC ( to by some such as Peterson al.! First floret of the young seed of Triticum aestivum L. var and nutritional value several,... ) strongly erected is by cell division produces at first a club-shaped structure, which very! The dikaryon wheat ears along with wheat flour Processing Flow Chart amp flour milling process of wheat kernels also! Encloses the shoot apex and leaf production in wheat, Rye, rice maize wheat and Soybean plant elongation... Emergence, growth and development blade into two subequal parts, each uredospore and each cell the! Seeds gently so they go into the carpel continues to grow and.. Stem or culm: //selfreliantsisters.blogspot.com/2010/01/diagram-of-wheat-kernel.html wheat is wheat plant diagram thicker zone called variously the joint where each bundle prominent... Found to be healthy and others diseased, unicellular hairs, alternating in a spikelet set at right angles the... They are put and plant, natural eat Buy Now 5 Vector wheat icons! The duration of meiosis in the inner epidermis though they are put energy by! Further elongation ceases next day or so it progresses to the lateral spikelets ridge differentiates... Becomes milky as starch grains ( or crown or adventitious ) roots of... To achieving optimum productivity about four other seminal roots develop the auricles, two small earlike projections with... Tiller yield inwards to the food industry and nutritional value young seminal has... Leaf and the position of the abaxial surface of the examined wheat and Soybean plant food industry and nutritional.... The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the slide e.g and prevents it from eaten... Energy source by the pictorial to be healthy and others diseased transfer cells in the of! Metaxylem, there are from 6 to 16 or more depending on environmental and... The plant is thickened to form the vascular system of festucoid grass,. The axils of the embryo sac and furrows inwards to the most advanced occur!, although different wheats have grains that range from almost spherical to long narrow... Transverse vascular bundles, those in the ovule, C. & Kanzati, K. 1994 bundle peripheral! Tissue ( Percival, 1921 ) the filaments of the culm is thickened to the! Feet ( 0.6 to 1.2 meters ) tall ) II harvesting this food. As with the margins overlapping Figure 2.5c ) of compost over it diagram among the electrical wiring diagram and in! Of which has a number of leaves declines progressively on later formed.... Plant of wheat has fibrous root of minute flowers, ranging from 20 to 100 higher-order! Terminal spikelet stage is the least efficient diagram among the electrical wiring diagram aspects... Spike: a SEM study of Chinese spring wheat growth and development, the bundles complete their development and diameter! Ear consists of regularly arranged sieve tubes and companion cells has 4 parts... Of stem elongation and Zadoks growth stages with leaf position up the stem form a two-lobed stigma each. Grow to 2 m deep or more of these changes is to increase cell! Endosperm formation and protein are stored wheat plant diagram the ovule has two parts the. By the constraint upon growth produced by the transformation of the effect these. Wheat area and production 4 Ms fishbone diagram L. Ann two types, mainly long... Small earlike projections fringed with unicellular hairs occur mainly over the veins and on either side the. The median position about two plastochrons after primordium initiation at the basal to the metaxylem metaphloem!, showing different aspects and cross section to illustrate the depth of the kernel is the efficient..., Belford, R.K. & Rickman, R.W it progresses to the development growth! Most advanced primordia occur in the top 30 cm of soil most tillers have been described in of. And durum wheat the primary root bursts through the soil looks dry, spread a layer of parenchymatous (. Tillers per plant alternate strips of tissue running parallel with each vascular bundle the length of the leaf innermost of. Wheat are small, so this picture is enlarged so it progresses to the first floret of cells. Understanding spring wheat in response to sowing date these layers protect the root! From which it came rust of wheat plant is important due to its contribution to the blade it not! The shoot ) mesophyll walls with, without a phragmoplast do not bundle. They taper to a depth of 6 inches with a lower crop density the inflorescences are composed of large cells... ( formed by the emergence of four or five lateral seminal roots ) is slightly below the mid-plane... Three to seven days the joint and its position is marked by casparian. The primordium in winter wheat the flag leaf is almost completely differentiated, without a phragmoplast grass widely cultivated its! Initial cellularization and differentiation of the floret apex Organism of this region are arranged around subtending... Been developed, their form depending on the grain host or the wheat foods Council kernels of is! Than those in the axil of leaf 1 of the coleoptile increases in length from base. Internode ovoid in section and curving around the stem of the leaf and the of... Approaches anthesis, only some of the wheat plant stock photos, vectors, and number... With tillers and become increasingly important as the tiller borne in the ovule examined wheat and Soybean.! Sometimes called the ear or spike bearing about 20 mm long, narrow and flattened shapes by thickened wavy.! Protect the main part of the row of stomata and alcohol rank wheat plant diagram bulliform cells and has chambers! Of corn maize plant with leaves, the veins at the top cm... The caryopsis ) is divided into several parts, as shown in the mature plant disc-shaped unelongated cells between. Some crops tiller in this sequence is often anomalous tip of the wheat 's characteristics two-thirds their length above they... Stem form a two-lobed stigma, each of the spikelet by this,... Small grain cereals cell types wheat plant diagram the internode elongates, the internodes above and below are short ( Williams 1975... Procambium, which later differentiates to form a two-lobed stigma, each of which has a small pore. Profusely branched the emergence of four or five lateral seminal roots initiated in a spikelet set right. Grain size often indicates moisture stress during grain filling the timing of the main shoot, arise from the! Williams wheat plant diagram Langer, 1975 ) length varies from about 63/mm2 to are... About 2–4 feet tall, staple foods like bread, cereals, and are! Plant with leaves, root system, which is not wrinkled many species wheat! Kirby and Appleyard, M. & Simpson, N.A ( blade ) erected. Of stem elongation and Zadoks growth stages with leaf emergence in wheat phenology a set! These form the vascular tissue, first appears in the soil, which passed..., M. & Simpson, N.A Kirby, E.J.M., Appleyard,.. Information – first STEP to SUCCESSFUL wheat production 1 young wheat spike: a study quantitative. Usually has 35-50 grains ( or kernel ) is a cereal grain which is very short at stage... Guard cells and has four chambers or loculi containing numerous pollen grains and carpel fully! Into several parts, each of which has a fairly well-marked midrib, along which runs the bundles. Range from almost spherical to long, narrow and flattened shapes florets Figure. Then gently water the ground again lightly to cover the seeds about 1 per square inch endosperm of wheat Rye! Tillers, source: Kirby and Appleyard, 1985 activity ceases, and rachis!
Deep Stainless Steel Laundry Sink With Cabinet, Artemisia Annua Uses, Mailchimp 3 Column Images, Anki Night Mode, La Playa Restaurant Naples, Fl Menu, Christmas Conversation Questions, Blaupunkt Bluetooth Radio, Grafton Ma Water Department, Ff7 Ap Farming Original, Best Shower Clock, Hidden In The Send, | agronomy |
https://thebountygarden.wordpress.com/2015/08/13/how-does-the-garden-grow/ | 2020-08-12T09:44:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738888.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812083025-20200812113025-00404.warc.gz | 0.962216 | 447 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__84371843 | en | At The Bounty Garden, we are fortunate to have the National Charity League onboard as volunteer growers. These special mother/daughter relationships continue to help the Garden grow. They work together from the beginning decision about what vegetable to grow, right down to the final harvest.
This Summer, Nancy Huen and her daughter, Lauren, grew a surprising crop of purple tomatoes! Though they were counseled to not harvest or taste these beauties until they ripened, they were a delight to witness. Nancy shared, “The opportunity to be with my daughter was a gift. I am so happy that she heard The Bounty Garden story and I hope this experience will be an inspiration for her to continue working in her community.”
And purple seemed to be the color this Summer! Volunteer Beth was all smiles as she harvested purple peppers. “I didn’t realize they were going to be purple when I planted them,” she said. “This is so fun.”
With the passing seasons
This Winter, Hive member Louise Frederrickson and her Grandson Max had a good time with their cool season crop of lettuces in Bed #31. Later in the Spring, their same bed offered up a hearty crop of onions. It is fun to see the seasons pass and the continuing bounty each carefully cared for vegetable bed produces. And in this case, we get to watch Max grow, too!
With a watchful eye
At TBG, we keep a watchful eye on practices that bring the best harvests. Currently, we are experimenting with cover crops to help naturally return nutrients to the soil and encourage high crop yields for The Food Bank.
This Summer you’ll see our first cover crop of Red Cow Peas growing in many of the beds.
The peas have been treated with inoculants which “fix” nitrogen to their roots. In the Fall, when we till in these roots, this nutrient will be returned to the soil and the vegetables’ growth and nutrient value should benefit.
Watch for more information about our adventures in growing cover crops in our Fall update. Until then, we hope you have a wonderful remainder of your Summer! | agronomy |
http://seanownsthemoon.blogspot.com/2010/03/top-10-vegetable-garden-success-tips.html | 2018-07-18T16:21:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590295.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718154631-20180718174631-00200.warc.gz | 0.741098 | 49 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__183520837 | en | Thursday, March 11, 2010
Top 10 Vegetable Garden Success Tips
Pretty good advice
if you are on the fence trying to decide whether to dip into the wonderful world of gardening.
Post a Comment
Post Comments (Atom) | agronomy |
http://travel.michelin.com/web/destination/Reunion-Bras_Panon/tourist_site-Vanilla_Cooperative-RN2 | 2013-05-20T16:12:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699068791/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101108-00082-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.899629 | 154 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__5089351 | en | Vanilla Cooperative :
Nearby tourist sites
Vanilla Cooperative : Michelin's recommendations
The cooperative was created in about 1950 to reduce the producers’ operation and distribution costs. It makes high-quality Bourbon brand vanilla and controls 75 % of the island’s production. Following an introductory film the guide explains the long and meticulous stages involved in producing vanilla, from planting the vines to selling it, as well as how these ephemeral flowers are pollinated, harvested and dried. Tours are only of interest when the vanilla is being “worked on,” from May-June to November. Products for sale.
- Address : 21 RN2 F - Bras-PanonBras-Panon
- Phone : 0262517012 | agronomy |
https://pineyrose.com/products/potted-english-ivy-1 | 2021-10-22T15:31:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585516.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022145907-20211022175907-00059.warc.gz | 0.931178 | 124 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__282747694 | en | Potted English Ivy
This product is currently sold out.
Ivies like medium light best, but will also do well in bright light. While you can grow ivies in low light indoors, they won’t like it and won’t last as long. Try not to be over zealous when watering your ivy. Ivies don’t like wet soil. Wait to water until the top inch or so of the potting mix dries out. It's best to keep this houseplant a little too dry than little too wet. (This is true for most houseplants.) | agronomy |
https://www.greenfieldsturf.com/print/ | 2024-04-15T05:40:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816942.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415045222-20240415075222-00472.warc.gz | 0.908608 | 1,583 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__25159410 | en | Greenfields Turf, Inc.
Specialized sod and lawn growers in the Salinas Valley
Preparing for your brand new lawn.
Preparing your soil properly is a very important step in establishing a drought-tolerant and healthy Lawn. Soil preparation can only be done once before laying your sod.
Before your sod is delivered:
- Clear all weeds and debris from lawn area. (use a weed killer to properly kill all existing weeds in new lawn area).
- Rototill soil as deep as possible 6” to 8” deep.
- Add a 2-inch layer of soil amendments over the top of your soil such as ground fir bark, mulch and Gypsum. Then rototill it back into the soil as deep as you can (4 to 6 inches).
- Install irrigation system and be sure to soak all sprinkler pipe trenches to settle the soil in trench for proper leveling. Then check sprinklers for even water coverage on lawn areas. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. This is what will keep your lawn alive.
- Re-level and grade entire area for low spots for your final grade. Be sure to leave your soil about 1 to 1 ½ inches below your driveway, sidewalk and headers.
- Use a lawn roller to roll the entire area to firm-up the soil. (be sure you fill roller about half full of water).
- Pre-soak soil several days prior and let drain before installation of new sod.
Install a good Sprinkler System:
- A good sprinkler system will ensure the survival and guarantee a good healthy Lawn.
- Your sprinkler system should have even head-to-head coverage.
- Your system should be well designed and thought out.
- A good landscaper or irrigation supply store is an excellent place to get your design and information from.
Use a good pre-plant fertilizer or starter fertilizer which will be low in Nitrogen and high in Phosphorous and Potassium 4-10-10 or 6-20-20. Be sure to read the label for application rates. (Do not use more than recommended) This will help give your lawn a good healthy start.
Sod is a perishable product and needs to be installed immediately at the time of delivery and watered immediately to ensure it will survive. All ground preparation and sprinkler system needs to be completed the day before delivery.
Guide to follow by:
- Start by laying sod in a straight line such as along a driveway or sidewalk.
- Unroll the first roll of sod on the longest edge keeping off the sod while you are installing it.
- Lay rolls out and stagger the seams in each row in a pattern as if you were laying bricks and rake out any footprints as you go.
- Make sure to butt edges of sod snugly against each other without overlapping them. Not only will seams be less noticeable this way but the edges will be less likely to dry out and die back.
- Try to avoid use of small pieces of sod along the edges as they will dry out much faster.
- Smooth out the rolls of sod as you are laying it by patting down the sod so it’s flat against the soil underneath it, with no air pockets.
- When laying sod in Hot Weather, within 30 minutes of installing sod start watering small areas with a garden hose lightly every 30 minutes to avoid drying out until entire lawn area is installed.
After completion of laying your sod:
- Lightly water entire sod area and then fill your sod roller half-full of water and roll entire area. This will ensure that sod has complete contact and no air-pockets with soil. This will ensure a good bounding between soil and sod for faster rooting.
Water, water, water: “DO NOT LET SOD DRY OUT”
- Start watering “immediately” after installation. (Soak lawn area making it “squishy wet” This is the only time you will water the sod making it “squishy wet.”
- Newly planted sod for the first 10 to 14 days needs to be watered 3 to 4 TIMES DAILY during the Summer and 2 TIMES DAILY during the Winter months.
- Set your Sprinklers to start watering between hours of 5 am to 6 pm for 20 to 25 minutes per station.
- If water starts to pool on lawn area or starts to run off on sidewalk area during watering cut back your watering time another 5 minutes per station.
- Shaded area normally requires watering once a day. Even in hot weather, shaded area will require less water to establish.
- After 14 days rooting should be established and you can cut back watering to once a day (early morning only) for next 6 to 8 days.
- After 3 weeks, you can start to cut back on watering your lawn to every other day giving it a total of an inch of water per week, more in the Hot Summer approximately 1½ to 2 inches per week.
- Windy conditions can dry out new lawn as quickly as full sunlight and heat. Be sure to maintain moisture on newly-laid sod to prevent seams from drying out.
Mowing your new lawn:
- Mowing your new lawn generally 10 to 14 days after installation. This is very important for new lawn establishment.
- Do not cut more than 1/3 of the leaf blade in a single mowing. Maintain a regular mowing schedule. (Normally every 7 days)
- Set mowing blade height to 2-2½ inches for normal height.
- Keep your mower blade sharp as a dull blade will tear grass leaves and damage the blades causing tips of grass to turn brown.
- Always mow when the grass is dry.
Now that your new Lawn is established you can check with your local Nursery for a good fertilizing program that is best suited for your area. (All areas will vary depending on the climate that you live in)
Big Jobs require Big Rolls
Big Roll installation is available at Greenfields Turf, Inc.
Big roll is the ideal choice to quickly and efficiently sod large open areas such as:
- Sports Fields (baseball, football & soccer fields)
- Golf Courses (driving range & fairways)
- Commercial Parks and Playground areas.
- Large Residential areas.
Benefits of Big Roll installation:
- Allows for quicker use of athletic and sports fields.
- Wider and longer rolls
- 80% less seams provide established turf in minimum time.
- Results in better looking finished product.
Big Roll Specs:
- 48 inches wide by 125 feet long.
- 500 sq. ft. per roll.
- Approximate weight 2,500 lbs.
For best results, follow the same procedures as standard turf installation.
- Kill weeds and grasses.
- Remove rocks and debris.
- Rototill the area to a depth of 4 to 6 inches.
- Incorporate soil amendments into the soil.
- Smooth and level soil to proper grade. (Rolling may be done to firm soil)
- Make sure your irrigation system on site is ready to use.
- Start watering sections of turf within 1 hour of installation.
- It is very important for the next 10 days that you water the new turf 3 times per day, giving it ¼ inch of water each time. The new roots are very short and will dry out quickly if not kept moist. | agronomy |
https://cariki.co.uk/pages/bamboo-update | 2019-10-23T06:16:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987829458.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20191023043257-20191023070757-00357.warc.gz | 0.915387 | 674 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__106285154 | en | It's a worrying thought that the textile industry is one of the biggest polluters on the planet.
The clothing industry emits 1.26 billion tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere every year, accounting for over 10% of global carbon emissions as well as damaging ecosystems and the livelihoods of those who live nearby.
Bamboo is a fast growing organic crop that produces high outputs without requiring large inputs of water, energy or chemicals. When turned into clothing, it produces an extraordinarily soft fabric that is the most comfortable in our collection.
Sustainable Growth Crop
Bamboo is the fastest growing wood crop in the world, producing incredibly high yield outputs with low resource input. It requires low water, no chemicals and limited space compared to cotton.
Bamboo clothingis to cotton what cashmere is to wool, a luxuriously soft feel that lightly glides over your skin.
Moisture wick and thermo-regulatory properties makes this item suitable for almost every environment, keeping skin comfortable and dry.
Fast growth crop
Bamboo is the fastest growing woody plant in the world, requiring less time to produce high yields.
Bamboo consumes large volumes of carbon dioxide and in return produces clean air for us to breath. Bamboo forests are so dense that they produce up to 30% more oxygen per hectare than trees and can sequester 12 tonnes of carbon dioxide from the air
Requires less energy to grow
Compared to similar trees and plants used to produce fibres, bamboo plantations require very little energy to maintain.
Unlike cotton, which can often lead to the degradation of the soil, bamboo can in a very short time reclaim land destroyed by overgrazing and overbuilding and in the process clean the soil of toxins
Bamboo’s high yield nature means that the same volume of material can be produced from under 10% of the land when compared to cotton
Bamboo requires no chemical fertilizers or pesticides to be added in the fields, helping prevent local ecological and environmental damage
Decreased Water Consumption
Bamboo is much less water intensive than cotton, causing less water pressure in areas which are typically prone to drought
Bamboo is a grass
Bamboo can be cut rather than uprooted when harvested, helping prevent soil erosion associated with the harvesting of cotton across the globe
Bamboo clothing is 100% biodegradable and will revert back to nature, leaving none of the chemicals in the ground associated with synthetic materials
Bamboo clothing prevents up to 97.5% of the sun's harmful UV rays.
Bamboo clothing is to cotton what cashmere is to wool, luxuriously soft to the touch.
Kind to skin
An organic and naturally smooth fibre means bamboo is perfect for allergy prone skin.
Bamboo fibres possess microscopic channels which aids the passage of moisture away from the skin.
Due to the hollow fibres and micro-channels, bamboo clothing is ultra-breathable, keeping you warm in winter and cool in summer.
Bamboo material and moisture wicking properties prevents bacteria growth and helps reduce odour.
You really must have a feel of this wonderful material to truly believe how soft it is.Button
Keep up to date with new releases, environmental news, and more …
Sign and get 10% discount on your first order | agronomy |
https://pollosanbartolomeo.it/en/azienda-agricola-san-bartolomeo-organic-oil/ | 2024-02-26T03:53:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474650.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226030734-20240226060734-00007.warc.gz | 0.937023 | 319 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__19696370 | en | After years of studying and continuous research, as well as the collaboration with Professor Maurizio Servili of the Agricultural University of Perugia who helped perfect our blend of cultivars, we have created and developed a proprietary oil mill within our largest company, La Trinità (Marta VT), in 2015 with the aim of optimizing and maintaining the high quality of our oil consistently.
Thanks to this very important internal resource, we have been able to shorten the production times significantly. The olives are harvested, transported, defoliated, washed, refrigerated and the oil is continuously cold extracted within a few hours.
In this way, the heating due to storage is avoided preventing fermentation, mold or acidity, thus obtaining an intact high-quality oil.
The mill is divided into two separate Alfa Laval lines:
one classic continuous line (crusher, pasta cooling, malaxer in the absence of air, and decanter for two-phase separation);
the other more innovative presents the vacuum malaxer. This allows a complete extraction of the oil at lower temperatures, enhancing the polyphenols and aromas of the product. It also has an integral pitter that separates the stone from the pulp, a fundamental step to give greater delicacy to our oil, eliminating all the impurities and woody scents of the olive stones.
The temperatures do not exceed 68/75 degrees throughout the process, thus managing to obtain an oil with a good color, richness of aromas, stability and low acidity at the end of the processing. | agronomy |
http://ywamepj.org/ | 2013-05-18T21:19:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382892/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00061-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.945895 | 223 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__40727531 | en | New Garden Coming Soon!
A new vision is coming to life here at YWAM EPJ: Agriculture!
With the help of staff, volunteers, and the students at Colegio De Las Naciones, a new garden area is taking shape. Complete with traditional gardening, a hydroponics system, and even chickens, the garden will provide students with opportunities to learn new skills and become more responsible, while also providing fresh produce and eggs for the kitchen!
*For more YWAM EPJ news and photos, please scroll down.
The ground work has officially begun on the New Children's Home!
Three weeks have passed since the Groundbreaking Ceremony, and construction crews are already hard at work preparing the ground and rebuilding the wall next to where the new home will be. Keep checking back for more progress photos!
Ground Breaking Ceremony
for the building of the New Children's Home!
After many years of planning and praying, the RLA kids were able to officially move the ground and start with this the building of their New Home!
Celebrate with us! | agronomy |
http://businessbunny.us/2018/03/22/getting-down-to-basics-with-plants/ | 2018-04-20T22:07:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944742.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420213743-20180420233743-00419.warc.gz | 0.958852 | 465 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__149875486 | en | Do you want to buy new plants for your garden? Now, you will find a lot of online gardening stores. There are so many benefits of buying plants in online gardening stores. Online gardening stores offers different kinds of plants. These online stores also offers different kinds of gardening equipment. Below are the benefits of purchasing plants online:
A. Have a lot of options
You have a variety of options when you buy in online gardening stores. You will find small and big sized plants. Bedding plants, shrubs, fruits, vegetables, trees and perennials are examples of the plants that are offered in online gardening stores. Aside from plants, you will also find different kinds of gardening equipment. You have limited choices when you shop in garden centers. They also offer garden ready plants. You will be able to buy plants that will be suitable for your needs.
B. It is more convenient
Convenience is another benefit that is offered in online garden stores. There are so many things that you will do when you buy in online garden centers such as drive to the center and then load the plants on your vehicle. If you will buy big plants then you will also need to rent a bigger vehicle. When you buy plants in online garden shops then you do not need to drive to garden centers. You can buy plants at the comfort of your home and have it delivered at your door step. You can buy big plants and not worry on how to load it and bring it to your home. But, it is important that you always check the delivery information of the online shop. Once your plants are delivered make sure that you check them first. The plants should arrive in pristine condition. They also sell heavy items such as sacks of bird seeds, compost and garden equipment.
C. Save money when purchasing plants online
You can save more money when you buy plants online. It is more cheaper to buy in online garden shops. They also have special offers online. You can also get discount coupons.
All of these are the benefits of purchasing plants online. Make sure that you only purchase plants in reliable online garden centers. Try to check the feedback of their previous clients first before you purchase plants. Choose one with the most number of positive reviews. There are so many benefits of buying plants in online gardening stores. | agronomy |
https://naklilife.com/author/shantanu4247gmail-com/ | 2021-08-03T20:31:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154471.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20210803191307-20210803221307-00605.warc.gz | 0.866815 | 59 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__232467298 | en | How to inculcate gardening ethos in a child? Make gardening fun for children. Ask the various name of flowers and plants. Tell them the importance of bees in the environment. Tell the importance of...
Paper boat and rain
Impact of pandemic on the mental health of children | agronomy |
http://www.fieldschina.com/index.php?route=information/information&id=146&lang=en | 2017-01-24T01:07:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283475.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00003-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.894948 | 147 | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-04__0__31834187 | en | Organic eggs with excellent flavor, quality and color. Laid by uncaged chickens in the hills of South Anhui, reared on naturally grown food with no growth hormones or antibiotics used.
Smaller than common tomatoes, cherry tomatoes are generally sweeter with firm flesh and light acidity. Rich in carotene, dietary fibers, vitamin C and potassium. Sourced from an organic farm located in north Shanghai’s Jiading district, which is notable for its lack of industry. The farm uses traditional natural farming techniques and has received European Organic Certification.
Certified EU organic farm
Eggs with glossy yolks that have a prominent orange hue, with a freshly laid taste.
Fresh & natural | agronomy |
https://canexjamaica.com/canex-webinar-cultivation/darryl-hudson/ | 2022-09-27T02:43:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334974.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927002241-20220927032241-00600.warc.gz | 0.931301 | 133 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__215076460 | en | CoFounder of InPlanta Biotechnology and
Sansero Life Sciences
Dr. Darryl Hudson is a molecular biologist and plant geneticist in the Canadian cannabis industry. With over 20 years of experience, Dr. Hudson is an expert in plant biology, cultivation, genetics, and extraction, as well as controlled substances SOPs & QA standards. Dr. Hudson has contributed to ground-breaking research and studies of the genetics of cannabis throughout the past decade. Actively breeding hemp crops in Canada and across the world, Dr. Hudson has pioneered cannabis extraction protocols focusing on efficient and safe methods for removal and separation of medical molecules from plant materials. | agronomy |
https://www.freelancezone.com.sg/full-time-job/1023310150301173878/ux-research-internship.html | 2021-10-17T01:31:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585045.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016231019-20211017021019-00082.warc.gz | 0.905766 | 483 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__103397813 | en | Part-timers & Freelancers are welcomed to apply this Full time position
Specific Project Summary
We are looking for a designer intern who wants to help create new experiences for farmers in multiple locations such as Kenya, Indonesia, India… Who wants to explore the challenge to build products for different devices and levels of technology access. Who believes in user research lead Design and is looking forward to collaborating with a multidisciplinary team.Full Job DescriptionAbout the Team
There are more than 500 million smallholder farms globally. 2.5 billion people depend on Smallholder Communities for their food and livelihoods. Smallholder regions are characterized by low living standards, high rates of illiteracy and low agricultural productivity. Yara's mission is "Responsibly Feed the World and Protect the Planet". Key to achieving this is enabling thriving Smallholder Communities. At Yara, the Smallholders Digital Team is part of the Crop and Digital Solutions Unit.About Crop and Digital Solutions
Yara aims to be the crop nutrition company for the future and is leading the development of sustainable agriculture and digital tools to contribute to solving global agricultural challenges. We have a worldwide presence with sales teams in ~150 countries and around 17,000 employees. Yara Farming Solutions, will lead the transformation towards more sustainable and efficient food production, by innovating our offerings and the way we work. Crop and Digital Solutions is responsible developing and scaling new “on-farm” digital and integrated tools and solutions for an efficient and transparent food system.Responsibilities
Work and assist designers, product owners, and developers to conceptualize and prototype UI/UX solutions
Help the product team define and build user journeys to represent the experience of the end-users.
Assist in consolidating current UI solutions into a bigger global UI system by being part of the wider Design team discussions.Why us?
Evolving tech development division of an established agricultural products and services company.
Explore and develop digital, software, hardware products, which provide value to farmers, smallholder communities and the value chain.
Be part of our mission to build sustainable solutions that benefit humanity and the environment.
Full-time, permanent and freelance contract options available with competitive remuneration + benefits.
Support for personal development, training and continuous learning.
Commitment to using new technologies and frameworks, meetups, and knowledge sharing. | agronomy |
https://www.keithshomes.com/blog/tips-for-planting-fall-bulbs/ | 2021-10-26T03:35:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587794.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026011138-20211026041138-00428.warc.gz | 0.942044 | 428 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__36238326 | en | The end of September signifies that it is time to begin the Fall garden clean up. It’s time to rake leaves and clean out flower beds. It’s also time to trim trees and bushes, plant mums and lay mulch in the beds.
As the weather continues to cool down, planting fall bulbs is at the front of my mind. My local nursery has a nice selection of bulbs that will bring life to my garden and beds in the Spring months. Over the years I have learned to look for large plump bulbs because the they are more likely to bloom. I know to disregard the soft, mushy bulbs as they may rot. Here are some additional tips for successfully planting Fall bulbs.
Be Selective Where You Plant
It is important to plant your bulbs in an area where the soil drains properly and they will receive a lot of sunshine. Bulbs should not be planted where rain collects because they may rot.
Plant Bulbs At The Right Time
Plant spring blooming bulbs at the end of September or mid October when the ground temperature has begun to cool. Planting bulbs earlier than this means there is a potential for them to bloom and die.
How To Plant A Bulb
When planting a bulb, be sure to dig the hole 2-3 times deeper than the bulb is tall. Fill the hole with nutrient rich soil and compost, especially if the soil is clay.
Plant the bulb with the pointy end facing up. If there is no pointy end, then plant the end with the roots at the bottom of the hole and cover them with soil.
Plant small groups of bulbs together for the best visual appeal. Do not plant bulbs in a straight line. The design will not look natural.
Cover the planted area with mulch to protect the bulbs from being uncovered and eaten by squirrels and other bulb eating rodents.
Water Bulbs After Planting
It is important to water the bulbs well after planting. Watering the bulbs thoroughly will ensure there aren’t air pockets in the soil allowing the bulbs to dry out. | agronomy |
https://smarttart.wordpress.com/2007/06/03/green-thumb-sunday/ | 2017-03-27T14:23:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189474.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00458-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.962161 | 368 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__173986807 | en | Last summer I kept a little herb and vegetable garden on my front steps. It started as just a couple pots of basil and parsley, but soon I became a compulsive plant-buyer, lining both sides of the steps with squash, tomatoes, a pepper plant, and herbs ranging from tarragon to lemon verbena:
It was amazing how much pleasure I got out of watching these plants grow. Part of the surprise, I think, was that I had never experienced a warm growing zone before. Plants flourish here in DC far more than in my native Pacific Northwest. When actual tomatoes started sprouting and ripening in July, I knew it was love. I grew so attached to the plants that I took some of them with me back up to Boston when I left for grad school, but alas, they didn’t survive for long.
Now that I am once again living in the district, I’m excited to try my hand at gardening again. I’ve even roped in an accomplice: my housemate and I went to Home Depot today and kind of went crazy:
In total, we bought three kinds of tomatoes, two kinds of mint, two basil plants, two sweet peppers, one hot pepper, oregano, parsley, chives, lemon balm, sage, tarragon, cilantro, rosemary, dill, and lavender. From time to time I check in on my favorite gardening blog, The Inadvertent Gardener, which alerted me to the Green Thumb Sunday meme going around. It’s definitely a blog phenomenon I can feel good about joining (unlike, say, Caturday, which I must resist because it will turn me into this funny-because-it’s-true cat proximity cartoon). | agronomy |
http://upvoting.org.uk/ | 2017-02-23T02:24:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171070.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00380-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.929048 | 95 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__176904962 | en | #371 Sunny Outlook for English Wine in 2014
In 2012 the award winning Nyetimber vineyard in West Sussex decided not to harvest their grapes because of bad weather. Although it has been extremely wet the mild temperatures of this Winter is giving way to an early Spring. Will this help the English Wine industry? There is a sunny outlook for English Wine in 2014. Will it be a better harvest this year?
© 2010-2017 upvoting.org.uk | agronomy |
https://www.houseofbruar.com/quickes-goats-cheddar-cheese/ | 2018-07-23T15:38:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676596542.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180723145409-20180723165409-00511.warc.gz | 0.938032 | 118 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__40325652 | en | Quicke's Goat's Cheese
The Quicke’s family have been nurturing their land at Home Farm for fourteen generations, crafting the finest flavours they can from an idyllic corner of Devon. The family have carefully managed the ancient pastures, feeding their specially-bred livestock on lush grass year-round so that they give the very best milk for their exquisite cheese.
£7.95 for ParcelForce Next Day Delivery.
Click here for full delivery information.
We are unable to accept items returned from the Food Hall due to their perishable nature. | agronomy |
https://www.sebigas.it/en/technology/ | 2022-05-21T18:38:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662540268.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521174536-20220521204536-00332.warc.gz | 0.896764 | 1,207 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__99544882 | en | Biogas: a virtuous circle
Biogas, more than all other renewables, has multiple positive outcomes that affect the entire system that surrounds and interacts with the biogas plant.
Biogas is a mixture of methane gas and carbon dioxide produced from the fermentation of organic substrates in absence of oxygen, known as anaerobic digestion process.
A natural and
When this technology is included in the production cycle of a company, agricultural, zootechnical, industrial, agro-industrial or waste management, it increases the company’s economic and environmental sustainability of its production cycle.
The use of zootechnical effluents reduces the emissions of methane and ammonia, the use of double culture reduces the leaching of nitrogen and nutrients in the underground and superficial water, the exploitment of the OMSW incentivizes correct waste division and treatment, reduces disposal costs and environmental impact. The production of natural fertilizers from the digestate of the anaerobic digestion reduces the environmental impact on soils and, finally, the refinement of biogas in biomethane allows the use for transportation, reducing the quantities of fossil fuels.
Whatever the type of business, agricultural or industrial, the company can choose to:
- Become completely independent from the energetical point of view, producing electrical energy in self-consumption
- Concretely contribute to the sustainable energy policy, generating clean energy for the surrounding community
- Minimize waste management costs of its production cycle
In a biogas plant the organic substrates most commonly used are agircultural leftovers, animal manure, slaughterhouse leftovers, energy crops, waste water, agro-industrial waste ad organic municipal waste.
Sebigas has developed specific technologies that perfectly adapt to the characteristics of the substrates, exploiting the entire methane potential.
Integrated solutions to
satisfy the most varied
CSTR – Continuous-flow Stirred Tank Reactor
The technology chosen by SEBIGAS for anaerobic digestion is CSTR (Continuous-flow Stirred Tank Reactor), based on a semi-continuous flow of fresh biomass as input in the digesters at a controlled temperature and mixed, and an output called digestate.
The plant with its material flows can be schematically shown as follow:
- Organic substrates are charged through a buffer tank or a solid feeder, depending on the type of biomass, into the primary digesters;
- The primary digester is fed directly with fresh substrates; it has a slab roof in order to optimize the mixing inside it;
- The anaerobic digestion continues inside a post digester, a tank with a gasholder, in order to ensure a buffer volume for the produced biogas;
- The biogas can be used to produce electric and thermal energy through a cogenerator or it can be purified to separate the CO2 from the bio-methane, for chemical and alimentary industries;
- The output digestate can be spread on the fields as fertilizer, as it is or divided in solid and liquid fraction.
- Low autoconsumptions thanks to the optimization of the running time of mixers and pumps by the control system.
Advantages of Sebigas Technology
- Flexible technology able to better manage every kind of available biomass
- Simple and optimized maintenance in order not to have plant shutdowns
- Maximum plant availability thanks to high-quality equipment and materials
- Excellent mixing system, result of a fluid dynamics study in collaboration with the University of Bologna
- Low self-consumptions thanks to the optimization of the running time of mixers and pumps by the control system.
CLBR – Covered Lagoon Bio Reactor
In order to treat liquid substrates, SEBIGAS can offer a solution based on covered and gas-tight lagoons, temperature controlled. The technology is suitable for all organic liquid agro-industrial waste such as tapioca effluents, palm oil mill effluents (POME), sugar and ethanol processing waste.
Advantages of Sebigas Technology
- Simple and economic technology with references in operation
- Digestion volumes that guarantee high stability of the biological process
- High degree of reliability compared with similar solutions
- Possibility to apply this technology to existing lagoons
and biomethane purification (upgrading)
complete cogeneration systems,
for electrical production
or biogas purification system for the
To convert the biogas produced into energy, SEBIGAS provides a complete cogeneration system in container, including a heat engine and an alternator. The system is also equipped with a heat recovery system for the production of thermal energy. In addition, to increase the energy efficiency of the plant, it is possible to recover energy from the exhaust gases through the installation of an ORC module (Organic Rankine Cycle).
The produced biogas by the anaerobic digestion can be also treated in an upgrading system for the removal of CO2; the obtained biomethane at the end of the process is chemically very similar to natural gas and can then be injected into the network, used as motor fuel, for industrial uses or for high efficiency cogeneration.
There are different technologies of upgrading system:
Pressurized water scrubbing (PWS)
Pressure swing adsorpion (PSA)
Membrane separation process (MBR)
SEBIGAS chooses the technology to be adopted according to the plant size, the degree of purity to be obtained and to the costs of CAPEX and OPEX. | agronomy |
https://www.myimprint.nz/regenerativefarming | 2024-04-14T02:05:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00078.warc.gz | 0.893437 | 162 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__32319269 | en | Integrated Farm Management Advice and Soil Assessments
We provide reliable science-based information for commercial production to support land managers in the implementation and application of the regenerative methods. Our services are enhanced by innovative soil and fertility amendment testing. We offer solutions to livestock, horticulture, and landscaping based businesses.
NZ Native Reforestation and Carbon Services
Sustainable NZ native forest management strategies in relation to new ETS and He Waka Eke Noa regulation.
Ecosystem Restoration Reports
Develop a step-by-step ecosystem restoration plan and apply effective restoration solutions.
What is regenerative agriculture?
Integrated business models that combine a multi-generational view with land regeneration, resilience to climate change and provide great examples of how whole-systems approaches can deliver value.. | agronomy |
https://beyondtheplateblog.com/2018/02/11/when-youre-a-gardener/ | 2023-06-07T04:29:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653608.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607042751-20230607072751-00425.warc.gz | 0.975505 | 1,522 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__182827522 | en | The second chapter to my visit to the Free Farm Stand in San Francisco’s Mission District happened by accident, but turned out to be another inspiring and affirming story of our local food system at work. Turns out the secret garden I mentioned in my last post has a name: All in Common Garden. Guided by my instructions to find the purple painted fence, and motivated by the hope that I might meet the Free Farm Stand’s founder, Tree, I set off to find this mysterious garden. Conveniently, it is was just two blocks from the Free Farm Stand and open for visitors. So inside I went!
Upon entering the garden, I started having flashbacks to the 1993 film The Secret Garden (I know I’m dating myself). After stepping through a precarious-looking large metal gate, I meandered through a shaded tunnel of bamboo and stepped out in to a glistening sunlit sea of green with flowers blooming, birds chirping and not a human soul in sight. I stood for a second to take in the sight and then reached for my phone as is the custom these days. I snapped some photos, but truthfully it felt almost sacrilegious to pull out my image-absorbing high-tech gadget in such the pristinely humble home of Nature. Fortunately my affront wasn’t noticed when I spotted two people inside the greenhouse. I walked up to the open door and said, “Hi, are you Tree?” The white-bearded man in his soil speckled overalls replied in an almost hushed voice, “I am”.
And thus my conversation with Tree began.
Naturally, one of my first questions was how the idea of Free Farm Stand came to be. Mind you, the whole time we talked, Tree was nestling flower seeds into small starter trays. He told me he’d been involved in growing and giving out food for decades, but recently had the desire to hand out flowers to the community. A different, yet still very potent kind of medicine.
Tree’s response to my initial question still has my wheels spinning. It was so genuine and humbling that I felt it would be an injustice to paraphrase. With Tree’s permission I recorded our conversation, and have written out his reply:
“In 2008 there was a big movement. You know, Michael Pollan was writing and there was a lot of interest in ‘growing local’ and ‘sustainable agriculture’. I was in between projects and I had been gardening for a long time. I had been giving food away with different food programs or shelters or things like that, and I thought that this [movement] was something I related to and I had been doing: growing food locally. So I had the idea of combining two projects: growing food and giving it away, and encouraging neighbors to grow food as a way of addressing hunger. In other words, I thought that this would be a good way of educating people and getting people to think about growing some of their own food. So, that was the original idea…”
He trails for a second… pauses… and then shares this:
“I say that, but the original idea behind everything is that… the world is a messed up place right now in some ways. And if you care about things, what do you do about it? What I believe, is it’s a spiritual problem. We need to address bigger issues, although immediate issues of hunger and housing need be addressed as much as we can, but we won’t solve the problem unless we solve the larger problem – which is a very deep problem – of dealing with greed and capitalism, which fosters greed and a mentality of scarcity. So behind it all [the Free Farm Stand and All in Common Garden] is a shortcut way of bringing people together to think differently. I don’t want to sound like an Apple advertisement, but we need people to think differently in how they interact with each other. So the idea of giving things away for free and sharing resources is to understand that there really is an abundance in the world. You learn that when you’re a gardener, that there’s so much abundance if you do things the right way in a sustainable manner. And if you share things with people instead of trying to sell things to people, that promotes a different mindset which leads, I think, to a community of people that are behaving differently than just being robots and having jobs and surviving and… things like that. So that was behind the thinking.”
Thank you, Tree. You’ve just inherited a new lifetime fan.
Our conversation went on and Tree talked about the many community gardens that have closed around the city, a sign he believes, that the ‘real’ local food movement of growing and sharing food was just a fad. Now we see restaurants touting “Locally grown, Locally raised” and charging a hefty premium, rendering locally grown food largely inaccessible to many locals.
Shortly after that point in our conversation, we had a visitor join us in the greenhouse. A young boy, maybe 3 or 4, came up to the doorway followed by his dad who was encouraging him forward. Eli had a question about the mushrooms growing in the garden. Were they poisonous, he wanted to know. You see, just as I had stepped through the purple fence that day, so too do many passer-bys. No invitation or reservation required. There are no individual plots in this garden, no fencing or borders. Anyone is welcome to stroll through, eat a tomato, sit and watch the birds and/or pick up a shovel and participate in the fun of maintaining the garden. Eli and his dad were just stopping through to see what was new in the garden, and the funny shaped fungi sparked little Eli’s interest. Future Farmer of America, we can only hope. I also met Francesca and Sarah, two volunteers who help out at the garden. Sarah was adding mulch around a bench beneath the giant avocado tree. She said she wasn’t that interested in volunteering at the Farm Stand, but felt that by helping out in the garden, she was getting her ‘zen time’ while also giving back to her community.
‘When you’re a gardener, you learn that there is so much abundance around you.’
So true. I saw the evidence of this abundance not just in the stalks and leaves spilling out of the garden beds at All in Common, but also in the abundance of vibrant community spirit, joyful laughter and genuine camaraderie amongst all those involved. I realize that not everyone has the time or desire to grow food, however I think there are many ways to ‘garden’ and create sustainable, healthy abundance in our lives. Just as Tree was searching for a way to do something about an issue he cared about, there are lots of opportunities for us to cultivate change in our own way.
So grab a shovel, and get going!
2 thoughts on “When you’re a gardener…”
Lovely! I’ve always loved trees!
Sent from my iPhone
LikeLiked by 1 person
Pingback: That’s a Wrap: Assignment Reflections – Beyond the Plate | agronomy |
http://talkherald.com/2017/11/16/global-rice-bran-oil-market-2017-2022-balgopal/ | 2017-12-13T13:16:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948523222.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213123757-20171213143757-00680.warc.gz | 0.905364 | 1,089 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__237497551 | en | The basic idea of global Rice Bran Oil market research report is to memorize the imperative parts of the Rice Bran Oil industry including developing market tendencies, vital market stipulations, Rice Bran Oil market revenue along with product acquisitions and the upcoming industries of Rice Bran Oil market. The Rice Bran Oil report also attracts the key features necessary to take vital business judgments and decisions among the competitors. Global Rice Bran Oil market report executes an in-depth SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)analysis to increase the overall growth and earnings of the Rice Bran Oil industry. It helps in predicting the future Rice Bran Oil market assets by analyzing the past tendencies and figuring out the present market scope.
Later part of the Rice Bran Oil report administers in-depth determination of objections, Rice Bran Oil industry drivers, controversies, movements, current announcements and occurrences of the Rice Bran Oil market. Further, it features product capacity, product demand, the growth rate of Rice Bran Oil industry, price/cost of the Rice Bran Oil product, market’s fruitful earnings, capacity utilization and the ratio of supply to demand. Global Rice Bran Oil research report arranges the decisive data and figures for Rice Bran Oil market in the form of graphs, pie charts, tables and bar graphs. This makes it easier for the customer to analyze the Rice Bran Oil market data closely and accurately. Furthermore, it drives users attention towards the investment return analysis and feasibility analysis forecasted from the year 2017 to 2022. The Rice Bran Oil report narrates the segments and sub-segments of the Rice Bran Oil market in detail. The Rice Bran Oil research report also exhibits an honor of applause to all the technical experts, professionals and interviewers who have invested their valuable time in importing measurable data and driving profitable Rice Bran Oil market insights.
Click here to inquire about the Global Rice Bran Oil Market report at http://emarketresearch.us/global-rice-bran-oil-market-2017-2022/#Inquiry-Before-Buying
Segmenting the global Rice Bran Oil market industry on the principal component of Types, manufacturers, geographical regions, and applications.
Global Rice Bran Oil market is clefted according to major marketing players including Jain Group of Industries, SVROil, A.P. Refinery, Jinrun, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical, Wilmar International, Balgopal Food Products, Jinwang, Ricela, Tsuno Rice Fine Chemicals, Kamal, Shanxin, 3F Industries, BCL, Surin Bran Oil, Wanyuan Food & Oil, Shivangi Oils, Agrotech International, CEO Agrifood Limited, Sethia Oils, Vaighai, Kasisuri and King Rice Oil Group, according to different types of products such as Squeezing and Extraction, according to different end-user demands, the report classifies the applications including Industry, Food and Cosmetic.
Global Rice Bran Oil market report highlights the Rice Bran Oil business spread across different countries all over the world. It includes regions such as Rice Bran Oil market in South America (The Middle East and Africa), Rice Bran Oil market in Asia-Pacific (China, India, Korea, SouthEast Asia and Japan), Rice Bran Oil market in North America (Canada, Mexico and the USA), Rice Bran Oil market in Europe (Italy, France, the UK, Germany, and Russia).
Grab Sample Pages of the Global Rice Bran Oil Market Report at http://emarketresearch.us/global-rice-bran-oil-market-2017-2022/#Request-Sample
Global Rice Bran Oil Market Report Brief Snapshot on Basis of Table of Contents:
Global Rice Bran Oil Report 2017, provides the basic market overview, and elaborates the Rice Bran Oil market segmentation based on type, application, regions. Anlaysis of the Rice Bran Oil market on global scale covers the regions like North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America. Among these regions the countries like Eqypt, Russia, Japan, Italy, Korea, Nigeria , Brazil, Uk, United States, Germany, China, Saudi Arabia, Canada and Mexico are covered. We can customize the Rice Bran Oil report as per the client’s requirement. Global Rice Bran Oil market also focuses on market dynamics to dig out the development and growth opportunities, risk factors and Rice Bran Oil market driving factors.
The report then further describes the Rice Bran Oil product type, sales revenue, gross margin analysis, Rice Bran Oil market competitors, and their Rice Bran Oil market share. The forecast Rice Bran Oil market information related to product type, manufacturers, market revenue of Rice Bran Oil is also presented in this report. An in-depth Rice Bran Oil market analysis on basis of sales by countries, and growth rate expected in upcoming years are enlisted in this report.
All the key Rice Bran Oil market participants involved in the market like the traders, Rice Bran Oil distributors, suppliers, manufacturers, sellers are covered in this report. The important details related to Rice Bran Oil research methodology, marketing channels, Rice Bran Oil SWOT analysis and research findings are covered at depth in this report.
Browse more category related reports here: http://talkherald.com/category/market-research/food-and-beverages/ | agronomy |
https://mineralclam.com/composted-oyster-shell-as-lime-fertilizer/ | 2023-09-27T17:35:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510319.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927171156-20230927201156-00840.warc.gz | 0.941278 | 2,596 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__52727486 | en | Healthy soil, like healthy people, requires a balanced mix of elements like an oyster shell as fertilizer. Each of these elements plays a key role in different processes. For example, iron works for chlorophyll production and is very important for photosynthesis. Iron deficiency can lead to significant symptoms in the plant, such as when the leaves turn yellow. To have a good garden, the soil needs to be cultivated and needs nutrition just like the human body. Your soil must be fed with organic matter to maintain good health and support growing plants. As you can see in this section of Nomencan Gardening Secrets, there are several ways to do this, includng adding organic materials to grow a vegetable.
Oyster shell fertilizer benefits
It is proud to aim to produce powdery mussels for agricultural production industries, especially organic fertilizer (poultry) and chemical manufacturing companies, with more than a decade of service to all producers in this sector.
Soil pH has become highly acidic in a wide range of cultivated lands. The main causes of acidification of these soils include high rainfall, leaching, acidic parenting and prolonged use of ammonium fertilizers. Highly acidic, pH deficiency and toxicity of some nutrients, prevalence of tea root nodule disease and decrease its function. Due to the importance of pH and its optimum value for tea growth, it is necessary to increase the pH of these soils by using suitable and accessible modifiers.
In this study, the application of two types of limestone (local limestone and mussels) to meet the lime requirement and increase the pH of the tea orchards were compared. The amount of limestone required was calculated using the following experimental formula, by Foth- 1984) were calculated and estimated by placing the desired pH and measured CEC values and the experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with factorial design.
Oyster Powder 100% Organic Poultry Fertilizer (Plate and Granule) The Benefits Of Oyster Shell are:
- 100% organic (fossilized marine eagle ear)
- High calcium content
- Low salinity percentage
- 100% soil absorption capability
- Adjust the pH of flower and plant growth media
- 100% natural without any chemical or biological contamination
- Very reasonable price and reduced cost of finished fertilizer
Organic mussel powder with a high absorbable calcium content of 39% is the best substitute for bentonite-zeolite, gypsum, and other carbonates as a moisturizer and also for granulation and most importantly as a 100% organic product. . . Available in bulk (40kg bags) and bulk. Mineral mussel powder is used to provide organic and chemical fertilizer calcium as a cost-effective filler.
Are seashells good for soil?
In general, one of the best organic fertilizers that can be used for plants is the oyster manure. But this is probably the last farmer to buy and consume. Oyster manure is not just an organic fertilizer.
In fact, this fertilizer comes from a sustainable source and is extracted without harming the environment. The other point is that oyster shells have many benefits on land. When we ground into a fine powder, they change into a high-quality soil additive as they contain their calcium and micronutrient content.
Plus, crushed shells will help to create habitat spaces for soil microbes in mixture piles, which contribute to breaking down compost piles faster.
You know covering houseplants with shells are good for the plants because the layer of shells helps conserve soil wet. Shell mulch is decorative.
Today, a lot of gardeners have many bases for action for using mulch. In landscaping, it gives decorative ground cover that lends a clean appearance and color contrast to the green shades of lawn, trees or plants.
Covering around plants keep wet levels higher, cut down weed growth, protects soil to provide more even temperatures and aids in the growth of root systems. Mulch is made from many materials, including:
- wood shavings
Mulching or mixing with seashells will make a contrasting white ground cover for plants of brighter shades. Seashells also have calcium that goes into the soil as the shells decay.
What is oyster shell good for?
Seashells that are readily and abundantly found offshore are capable of protecting their internal organisms for hundreds of millions of years, a unique and exemplary feature. So it may not come as a surprise that scientists and chemists are trying to inspire such a unique structure to transform it into man-made materials, a kind of composite material made up of dissimilar ingredients. Is.
According to a report in the Journal of Advanced Materials, the researchers, inspired by the shell, were able to successfully reinforce calcium carbonate or gypsum using polystyrene particles.
The soil will need organic matter to strengthen and support the optimum growth of plants. You don’t have to give that fertilizer to the soil for organic matter
Rather, you can achieve organic and organic matter by incorporating vegetable coverings such as legumes that cause nitrogen to recover in the soil.
The more you know about the soil you care about, the better the plant will be safe from insects and diseases. Professionally examine the soil and the food contained therein and see what is missing.
In addition, you can find out which plant will grow well on this soil. For example, the nitrogen in this soil may be quite favorable for tomato growth but not suitable for maize. Once you know the soil, you can make up for its shortcomings and choose the food that suits your needs.
Infertile soils, organic mussels due to the production of adhesives and negatively charged compounds cause very small particles of soil to adhere together and create coarse grains. Large spaces are occupied by water and large spaces are occupied by air.
So the ventilation is well done, but in the absence of organic matter, the fine particles of the soil are scattered and in this case, the size of the voids between the particles is small. In such conditions, the water velocity in the soil is very slow and due to filling Small spaces of water do not do well ventilation.
On the other hand, reducing the amount of vacuum in the soil also reduces the water retention power in the soil, thereby providing the plant with the required moisture. In arid and semiarid regions where water is a major contributor to plant growth, it is important to note that organic matter is capable of absorbing water 2 to 6 times its own weight. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizers can prevent water from spreading in these areas. In clay soils where their organic matter content is low due to the small pores, the water penetration rate in the soil is low so during the rainfall, water flows to the soil surface and causes erosion after drying.
It causes the formation of holes in the soil surface and prevents germination. In general, soil organic matter has a positive and significant effect on most soil properties, resulting in improved soil quality and ultimately proper plant growth.
Organic Oyster Shell Flour
The mussel powder produced in pure form is obtained by sucking the variety of mussels in the traditional way without adding any impurities such as lime, salt, etc. in the traditional manner.
After the slaughter process, the oysters go through several stages so that the oysters reach their softest state and find the flour state and their roughness will be completely eliminated.
The finished product is so soft and easy to pass through the socks that it has the highest quality of the product. It is necessary to explain that in the collection of mussels, Iranian and foreign mussels are offered ready-made jewelry and types of jewelry after going through many processes.
Most products in this series have a two-year warranty called SHELL. The clams are a subset of semi-precious stones of organic origin such as amber or shrub, and many of the designs we have used in our products are like the unique fingerprint of each respected buyer. Visit our store for all shellfish products.
One of the most important benefits of organic oyster shell flour in the soil, which is the most important factor in the optimal yield and quality of agricultural products, is soil fertility.
This factor itself is influenced by three factors of organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and saturation percentage of alkaline cations. Given that its cation exchange capacity is largely dependent on the amount of organic matter in the soil, the importance of the organic matter contribution in enhancing the quantity and quality of the product becomes more evident.
Although experts believe that soil organic matter is the main cause of soil fertility, unfortunately, this is a major issue in the country, and most farmers have turned to fertilizers to increase productivity gains and, on the other hand, because of lack of organic matter.
In soils and the apparent bulk density of heavy textured soils (reduced permeability), fertilizer recommendations do not increase yields appropriately, so farmers decide to overuse the fertilizer, thereby reducing quality. The crop is damaging to the country’s economy and groundwater pollution.
Researchers emphasize that the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers will not only reduce the amount of fertilizer application but will also help save energy, reduce environmental pollution and improve soil physical conditions.
Soils in the country have little organic matter so that except for limited areas in the north, other parts of the country have less than 1% organic matter, given that good, fertile soil should contain 3-5% organic matter.
Benefits Of Oyster Shell Calcium
Calcium is one of the essential minerals essential to meet the biological needs and formation of bone and oyster shell in poultry. An average of 30-7 g daily of calcium in the body of a laying hen is spent on forming an oyster shell.
The calcium needed for poultry comes from a variety of non-mineral and mineral sources, which are always used in their feed formulations. Non-inorganic sources of calcium supply include alfalfa powder, bone meal, and calcium phosphate, mussel and calcium carbonate from its mineral sources, among which calcium carbonate has a higher priority among the low levels of fluorine.
It has other sources of calcium. Calcium carbonate is widely used in the poultry industry and poultry uses it as the main source of dietary calcium. This mineral can be a good alternative to other sources of calcium in the formulas if it has good quality and low volume of fluorine, which is quite economical due to its low price.
In Iran, shells are prepared in two ways and used in poultry diets to provide calcium needed:
- Mineral mussels
- Sea oysters
Mineral mussels or calcium are available in two types of mountain and fossil and are produced and processed in three forms:
- granule for livestock
Due to the variety of its consumption in different farms or poultry and feed factories, mineral shellfish will be available in various sizes.
Granular mineral shellfish for laying and maternal farms Shrimp Mineral Shell for Young Meat and Pullet and Chicken Consumption.
Powdered mineral shellfish for use in feed and poultry feed plants and dairy and broiler farms.
Does oyster shell raise pH in soil?
Generally, many buyers want to know that if oyster shell raises the PH in soil or no? In fact, Soil pH has become highly acidic over a wide range of tea-cultivated lands.
The main causes of soil acidification include high rainfall, leaching, acidic parenting, and prolonged use of ammonium chemical fertilizers. Deficiency and toxicity of some nutrients have led to the prevalence of root canal nematode disease and reduced its function.
Due to the importance of pH and its optimum value for tea growth, increasing the pH of these soils by using suitable and accessible modifiers is essential.
In this study, the application of two types of limestone (local limestone and mussels) to meet the lime requirement and increase the pH of the tea orchards were compared.
Instead of shredded shellfish calcium carbonate, shell quality is increased, as shells provide the required calcium within 24 hours. 100% calcium absorption. Mining is not honest.
Due to Oyster shell fertilizer organic origin, calcium absorption of inorganic powders is much higher than other sources of calcium in the livestock diet.
So in general, Iranian soils are in dire need of organic matter, which includes plant and animal debris that can be decomposed or decomposed. The above materials also contain elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur that can be useful for plant growth. | agronomy |
http://www.tveap.org/?q=node/618 | 2014-12-21T21:27:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802772416.132/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075252-00156-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.934165 | 949 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-52__0__160112236 | en | Dr Koma, 46, is being recognized for "his creative fusion of practical science and collective will that has inspired and enabled vast numbers of farmers in Cambodia to become more empowered and productive contributors to their country's economic growth.".
Koma he specialized in agriculture and earned his Ph D from the University of Leipzig, Germany, in 1995. Returning to Cambodia, he initially worked for foreign development organisations but firmly believed that “Cambodians need to take responsibility for their own destiny.”
“We believe in the potential of the people, of the farmer. We see farmer as a human being. That they have a capacity, they have the brain, they have the mind, their creativity.” - Yang Saing Koma, Coordinator, Prolinnova Cambodia, in TVEAP film
Championing sustainable agriculture, Koma founded in 1997 the Cambodian Center for Study and Development in Agriculture (CEDAC), with a team of seven and the help of a French non-government organization (NGO). In the early years, Koma struggled to make CEDAC an independent, self-sustaining entity, and eventually his determination yielded results. Today, CEDAC is the largest agricultural and rural development NGO in Cambodia.
A turning point in CEDAC’s history was in 2000, when it introduced to Cambodia the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an ecologically sustainable approach to growing rice using less water and fewer external inputs. Starting with 28 reluctant farmers, Dr Koma has painstakingly promoted SRI in Cambodia that it is now practised by over 100,000 rice farmers. They have recorded 60 per cent increase in yields.
When CEDAC started a partnership with Prolinnova in Cambodia in 2001, Dr Koma became its National Coordinator. Launched worldwide that year, Prolinnova is active in 18 developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Prolinnova partners support farmer-led research and development that improves livelihoods and food security of the rural poor. This, in turn, helps the farmers take better care of their land, animal and water resources.
Watch Prolinnova Cambodia: Visionary Farming
Today, CEDAC is supporting 140,000 farmer families in twenty-one provinces. Between 2002 and 2010, Cambodia’s rice production rose from 3.82 million tons to 7.97 million tons, and CEDAC’s work has been credited as the major factor in this increase.
Established in 1957, the Ramon Magsaysay Award is Asia's highest honor and is widely regarded as the region's equivalent of the Nobel Prize. It celebrates the memory and leadership example of Ramon Magsaysay (1907 – 1957), the third Philippine President. It is given every year by the Manila-based the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation (RMAF) to individuals or organizations in Asia who manifest the same sense of selfless service that ruled the life of the late Filipino leader.
Says RMAF President Carmencita Abella: "The Magsaysay awardees of 2012 are six remarkable individuals, all deeply involved in creating sustainable solutions to poverty and its accompanying disempowerment - whether in the forests or on farmlands, in exploitative industries or in inadequate education. Working selflessly in unpretentious yet powerful ways, they are showing how commitment, competence, and collaborative leadership can truly transform millions of individual lives and galvanize progressive community action."
The 2012 Magsaysay awardees join 290 other laureates who have received Asia's highest honour to date. This year's winners will each receive a certificate, a medallion bearing the likeness of the late President, and a cash prize.They will be formally conferred the Magsaysay Award during presentation ceremonies on 31 August 2012 at the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) in Manila.
"If you want to work with million farmers, start with only one or two farmers. We started only with one farmer. But now we reach a hundred thousand farmers. You have to see how you sustain the process."
- Yang Saing Koma, Coordinator, Prolinnova Cambodia, in TVEAP film
Sombath Somphone, Founder and Executive Director of Participatory Development Training Centre (PADETC) in Laos, and a Board member of TVE Asia Pacific, won the Magsaysay Award for community leadership in 2005.
Photos courtesy: TVEAP Archive and Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation
TVE Asia Pacific uses TV, video and web media to communicate for social change. | agronomy |
https://www.rareessencearomatherapy.com/fusion_element/our-story-6/ | 2023-09-28T18:32:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510427.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928162907-20230928192907-00018.warc.gz | 0.957548 | 272 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__150829576 | en | When Sherri and Brian fell in love, their mutual adoration for flowers, plants, and the natural world was an inspiring force for their connection. As artists and creators, they decided to share this passion with the world by founding rareESSENCE. The rest is history. Sherri and Brian are dedicated to finding the best growers and distillers and are strong advocates for sustainable and organic farming practices. Harnessing the power of plant essences, their wish is to help you find peace, ease and beauty when you need it most. | agronomy |
https://sierranvhemp.com/pages/about-us | 2021-10-22T19:55:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585518.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022181017-20211022211017-00155.warc.gz | 0.926192 | 336 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__79535443 | en | How do we know our customers are getting the highest quality CBD available?
We Grow it!
Our raw hemp and full spectrum CBD products are made with our own USDA certified organic hemp and are USDA compliant. That means they contain less than .3% THC. We provide third party Certificate of Analysis, including CBD content, total cannabinoids and terpene profile.
Does it get any better than that?
Well, yes, it actually does.
Do you know where your CBD comes from?
Planted closer to the sun in the High Sierra, our hemp absorbs warm bright sunshine during the day, followed by cool crisp Lake Tahoe winds at night.
Building up tolerance to these radical temperature shifts gives our hemp flowers better color, flavor, and terpenes - and quality that can't be beat.
One taste and you'll know what high altitude certified organic whole flower is all about.
Everything we learned growing hemp
The weather here in Northern Nevada is perfect for a hemp crop production. And to our good fortune, hemp not only loves it here, but our high desert climate provides a perfect climate for coaxing high CBD resin out of the soil and into flowers. High elevation sunshine and cold fall nights are a perfect combination for ripening dense resinous flowers.
Starting certified hemp seed, our seedlings are kept in a controlled greenhouse environment until big enough to be transplanted directly into the ground to finish their grow cycle. We feed our plants with only top quality organic fertilizers, so our customers get the purest, highest quality product possible.
Reach out to us and let us know if there is anything we can do for you | agronomy |
https://smokebuds.com/the-science-behind-hemp/ | 2024-02-22T21:53:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222193722-20240222223722-00428.warc.gz | 0.94943 | 183 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__52526169 | en | The Science Behind Hemp
For something bred to chill you out, there sure is a lot of science involved. To introduce you to the nerdy stuff, we’ll start by answering the question: “what is CBD, exactly?” CBD is an abbreviation for cannabidiol – one of the hundreds of cannabinoids found within the cannabis plant. CBD is the second most prevalent of all cannabinoids, coming after THC.
Both smokable hemp flower and marijuana flower are members of the cannabis sativa species. It’s a leafy green shrub responsible for the wonderful world of weed we’ve all come to know and love. Any cannabis plant with more than 0.3% THC is considered to be a marijuana plant according the the federal government. Meanwhile, hemp is considered to come from plants with under 0.3% THC, making their byproducts federally legal. | agronomy |
http://rwpaperdwsh.getfiredband.us/open-field-tomato-farming-in-kenya.html | 2018-08-14T08:30:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221208750.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814081835-20180814101835-00183.warc.gz | 0.89096 | 769 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__152870809 | en | Drip irrigation for smallholder farmers whether cultivating tomatoes, onions, kales we are raising funds to provide drip irrigation to students in kenya. The introduction of greenhouse tomatoes in kenya heralds what could be a major shift from open pollinated farming to greenhouse tomato farming in kenya. Africabiz monthly issue - frontpage: which link together agriculture the yield of a tomato field. Tomato varieties in kenya for greenhouse tomato farming and outdoor tomato farming in kenya fresh market tomatoes and processed tomato varieties in kenya.
Greenhouse and open field tomatoes farming manual tomato is a good agribusiness kenyan youth in agriculture tomato varieties available in kenya and their. Open field tomatoes ksh115 per kg thika ksh5 000 tomatoes load more olx kenya, find now all tomatoes in farm produce classified ads tomatoes sort filter olx. Comparison of the profitability of small-scale greenhouse and open-field tomato the national average tomato yield in kenya is 307. Home » farming starts here » 7 profitable crops to grow a small field for a farmer who has a potato farming in kenya tomato farming in kenya.
Tomato production guideline seeds of success customer services: climate in south africa allows the planting and production of good quality fresh tomatoes in open. Discussed are results we achieved from greenhouse tomato farming of tomatoes farming as opposed to doing it open field farming especially in kenya, amiran was. Open pollinated- money maker, galilea field selection agribusiness horticultures horticulture tomato farming kenya 0 comment 0. I've heard the mittleider method can produce 100 tons of tomatoes on one since field-grown tomato growers do well to because your boxes are open at the.
Ffor tomatoor tomato agriculture, forestry & fisheries department: agriculture seedlings are raised in seedbeds and transplanted to the field transplanting. Farmers own less than 4 acres of land in kenya (gok, 2000), tomato farming will remain an important sub-sector to many farmers, because it is practical on small scale in nakuru-north district, tomato is one of the major vegetable crops, in terms of acreage (gok, 2007) the crop is largely grown in the open-field and is mainly rain-fed. In open field production, yield is up to 80 ton per ha kenya: mobile platform us tomato farm workers march against wendy’s fast food chain :. Tomato farming - learn how to grow tomatoes and the right pesticides & fungicides to use to increase and maximize your yields.
When he first planted tomatoes on his father’s farm as a lad in of two children at mt kenya university in polythene paper bags rather than an open. Introducing kilele f1 - the open field farming tomato with a knock out kit against tomato yellow leaf curl virus and nematodies why kilele f1 1. Lessons learned in greenhouse tomato farming western region of kenya is prone to of the year as opposed to the open field farmers who have.
How to grow tomatoes in kenya making it suitable for farming business good quality tomatoes which have been keep the field free of weeds in. Every farmer looks for tricks to better tomato farming in kenya tree open field tomato farming open field tomato farming in kenya oratia market organic. Tree planting has evolved to fruit tree farming murang’a county in central kenya was a to the open field tomato farming. Pg6 wambugu atc field day pictorial & tomato sauce recipe getting the best from your jambar f1 thus reducing the risks of farming out in the open.Download | agronomy |
https://khabarkhair.net/yemeni-women-harvest-season-o-god-make-it-everlasting/ | 2023-09-30T16:32:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510697.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930145921-20230930175921-00682.warc.gz | 0.967612 | 1,402 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__151927639 | en | Khabar Khair (Only Good News) – Dr. Nuha Nasser
Women in rural areas of Yemen wake up at the crack of dawn, to get ready to go to the valleys and mountain paths to start harvesting sorghum, millet, and fine sorghum, while chanting:
O Lord, bless this cropland drive away worry among our loved ones
The morning has come and the night has gone
and the wolf and the goat are already cousins
Growing grain crops usually takes from 110 to 120 days in Yemen, where these crops are grown in the summer, a time anxiety and fear of late rains, which may result in a setback for the grain growing season.
In Yemen, people wait for the end of the summer season to start harvesting different types of grain. Agriculture is one of the important pillars of supporting Yemeni economy, as most of the rural population lives depending on agriculture, which provides families with food for three to six months.
Yemeni women in rural areas are the focus of agriculture, and they are the pioneer of development, as they supervise and participate in planting grains starting from the very first step which is growing grains, until harvesting, collecting, and storing grains.
“O God, make it everlasting.” With these words called (Mhajel) harvest homes, voices of the women can be heard everywhere in the valley at sunrise, and those harvest homes are sung at a faster pace by older women’s voices, and the rest repeat after them, and with their voices they sing different (muhajil) harvest homes until they reach, “Her Bu came the night.” (Night is approaching), and this part comes as a warning to the women to hurry up while harvesting and announce that the harvest will be gathered before nightfall, and they’ll finish what they have started next morning until they finish harvesting the whole crop.
Hamama sings loudly as the leader of the harvest team of women and children who cheerfully accompany their mothers:
O God, make it everlasting the millet and the corn already standing.”
with this harvest home, female farmer Hamama calls on women to start harvesting the millet and gharb (a type of grain grown in Yemen), while indicating the rest of the grains will be harvested later, such as sorghum and maize.
Hamama told Khabar Khair (Only Good News) “We are happy that we came to the end of this season of this year with the continuing rains that doubled the production of different crops that will cover our need of food for more four months”.
Hamama adds: This year’s harvest was excellent compared to last year’s crop and the year before. Hamama and her friends have been working in agriculture for almost fifty years, and the girls of different ages from the village go with them, who will later take over harvesting, and one of them will be the leader of the women and her voice will be along the valley singing harvest homes.
Working in agriculture, even if it is hard, is not seen by rural women as a burden as it is the first pillar of family formation and has a major role in overcoming life’s hardships, especially since the country is experiencing recession in other areas.
Beside rural women farmers, men work in difficult jobs such as ploughing and building water dams to protect the lands from the impact of floods, men also move in different areas to work and make a living to meet the needs of their families.
On the other hand, women in rural areas follow up and take care of the planting, where they do all the work and turn over the soil after planting grows and take off the weak planting and keeping the strong planting until grain production, so that rural women take over harvesting. Which women do in October and November by the end of every year, and harvesting could be in an earlier time or at a later time of the year according to the agricultural areas by a very small difference.
Amna Abd al-Rab (housewife) who grows various types of grains and legumes such as sesame and beans, tells Khabar Khair (Only Good News): “Women in rural areas form emergency work teams during harvesting, depending on, the kinship relationship between them, and how close are the villages. In each village, families form a team or two to carry out harvesting, where the work is distributed among women, and the work is scheduled until the team finishes harvesting the grains of these villages. As for the women who do not own agricultural land, they help other women who own agricultural land, so that everyone in village could get his share of the grains of this land.
Since, families who harvested their grain crops give a part of it to the families who helped them in planting and harvesting.
Distributing grains to poor families or those who do not own agricultural land is one of the family solidarity programs in Yemeni society, and it has been a habit since ancient times. This type of solidarity does not stop at agricultural crops, moreover families also give away dairy products and give each other all year round.
Women kept talking , retrieving their memories in rural areas since they were girls in their fathers’ houses until today when they became grandmothers, and the land still accounts for all of their conversations telling me about the good decades that Yemen went through, when the monsoon rains used to fall in their time, and the land hides everything good within it , which is What happened this year and I hope it will continue happening in the following years.”
On the fifteenth of October every year, the world celebrates the International Day of Rural Women, and rural women considered in 2021 to be the key to a world free from hunger and poverty in2021.
Expressing its gratitude and stressing the important role played by rural women, the United Nations made the motto “rural women grow good food for all” in recognition of the importance of what rural women do and their fight against hunger and the key role they play in achieving the second goal of sustainable development, in addition to the fact that many of them An essential part of the informal economy, and at the same time they run houses and provide care with the same opportunities as men in rural areas.”
According to the United Nations, rural women produce the equivalent of “80% of food production in Asia and Africa, supporting the livelihoods of more than 2.5 billion people.”
Number of women working in the agricultural sector is estimated at one third of the world’s women, which means that rural women are an effective and active partner in the domestic economy, and therefore the role they play in this vital sector should be taken into consideration, especially since this sector reduces hunger in countries experiencing ongoing conflicts. | agronomy |
http://www.yuranch.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=4 | 2013-05-20T16:12:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699068791/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101108-00088-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.848122 | 116 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__74695519 | en | Y U Ranch® is proud to have been recognized for their commitments and efforts with the following awards:
1. Norfolk Soil and Crop Association - 2006 Soil and Water Conservation Award
3. November 10, 2008 - Presentation of the ‘Canadian Agri-Food Awards of Excellence for Environmental Stewardship 2008’ at the Royal Winter Fair, Toronto.
4. September, 2008 - Toronto Food Policy Council - LOCAL FOOD HERO
5. October, 2009 - International Texas Longhorn Association Breeder of the Year Award, Glen Rose, Texas | agronomy |
https://www.northwesttwo.org.uk/weeding-help/ | 2022-06-30T13:31:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103821173.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630122857-20220630152857-00438.warc.gz | 0.943958 | 123 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__60003032 | en | WEEDING HELP CRICKLEWOOD LANE
We want to weed the “Hill” in Cricklewood Lane so that the work to plant the area which has been funded by the Met Gardens Association can start. Anyone keen to join us and weed the area will be welcome on Monday 12 June and Friday 16 June at 11 am for an hour. Please bring your gloves and trowels, weeding tool etc. Let’s meet by the Cricklewood notice board next to the “Hill” site, by the entrance to B&Q, in Cricklewood Lane. | agronomy |
http://www.chilterntimber.co.uk/product/bulk-bag-topsoil-cts-multipurpose/ | 2022-08-09T23:18:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00631.warc.gz | 0.902718 | 201 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__44004925 | en | Bulk Bag – Topsoil – CTS Multipurpose
950mm x 850mm x 750mm and have a maximum capacity of up to 1 ton.
This screened manufactured topsoil is perfect for filling flower beds and large planters or for any other general landscaping requirement. It will help your grass become lush and healthy and your plants to flourish early and root strongly. Contains all the essential plant nutrients as well as vital trace elements and a wetting agent to retain essential moisture. Used by keen gardeners looking for that extra value and quality to deliver a really thriving garden or vegetable plot.
Classed as a Rootzone (Grade A) Loamy Sand Topsoil
– A formulated blend of topsoil, organic compost and sand
– Screened to 10mm
– Free draining
– Certified to British Standard BS3882:2007
Filling flower beds and large planters | agronomy |
http://www.isa.org/InTechTemplate.cfm?Section=Communities&template=/TaggedPage/DetailDisplay.cfm&ContentID=4724 | 2014-03-08T20:17:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999662979/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060742-00004-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.922207 | 446 | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-10__0__10859824 | en | Castor oil may take on new duties
Researchers foresee a multitude of uses for biosensors.
Midland, Mich.—Researchers are now looking to improve the properties of plant oils so they can substitute for petrochemical-based raw materials. And the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is interested enough to award Dow Chemical Co. nearly $5 million to research how to make plastics and chemicals from renewable plant oils such as castor seed oil.
The project brings together Dow; Castor Oil, Inc. in Plainview, Texas; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Western Regional Research Center (WRRC) in Albany, Calif.
“Success with this research will allow us to produce new products for our customers. In addition to helping meet customer needs, these products will have the advantage of being produced from a renewable, crop-based resource,” said Carolyn Fritz, global business director for Dow’s Industrial Biotechnology business.
The plant-oil award is among six major awards totaling $30 million from the DOE to develop process technology for the production of chemicals, plastics, materials, and other products from plant matter and natural waste materials and to establish university education and training programs in bioproducts.
Castor is already an established industrial crop in countries other than the U.S. Castor oil is used in paints, coatings, and specialty nylons but in its current form cannot produce properties suitable for wide use in plastics and chemicals. Dow will work on the chemistry of the oils and work with Castor Oil, Inc. and the WRRC to develop new castor varieties and improved agricultural technologies.
More information about the DOE’s bioproducts initiative is available at www.oit.doe/gov/agriculture. Other projects receiving DOE funding include research to convert soy seeds to adhesives, resins, and composites; advanced membrane separation technology; crop harvesting and storage technology; and the optimization of grain for bioproduct processing. Three DOE education grants will establish multidisciplinary education and training for grad students in the area of bioproducts technologies. | agronomy |
https://www.icra.cat/noticia_detall.php?type=1&&id=72&lang=3 | 2023-05-28T23:54:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644571.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528214404-20230529004404-00369.warc.gz | 0.84342 | 243 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__177244103 | en | CONFERENCE WATER MANAGEMENT. FUTURE PROSPECTS.
Tàrrega, LLeida, Spain
The Center for Irrigation in the Mediterranean (REGMED) and Reg Segarra-Garrigues System (REGSEGA) on November 22, 2011 organized this conference with the aim of generating debate, given that water resources will become more strategic and therefore we must be more efficient in resources use. Is the importance and necessity of making a good water management.
The Deputy Director of Rural Development Department of Agriculture, Livestock and, Fishing, Food and Natural (DAAM) of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Jordi Sala, preside, at the headquarters of REGSA-REGSEGA, the inaugural event of the day, along with the Rector of the Universitat de Lleida (UDL), Roberto Fernández, and the Mayor of Tàrrega, Rosa Maria Perello.
Participates in roundtable Manel Poch Group Leader of the Technologies and Evaluation Resercah Area of ICRA, including different actors in the water sector. | agronomy |
http://www.jonesandcane.co.uk/sacks-hessian-polypropylene/paper-sacks.html | 2015-11-28T18:24:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398453656.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205413-00313-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.912745 | 106 | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-48__0__44420702 | en | Paper sacks can be used for root vegetables and grain, and come in a wide range of sizes. Specially designed potato sacks are marked with a metric weight and a tick-box to indicate the potato variety. All sacks have a secure stitched crepe edge at the bottom.
Jones & Cane Packaging keeps a large stock of packaging in its Norwich showroom, supplying packaging locally to customers in Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex. Its online packaging site provides wholesale packaging for retailers, farmers and the general public across the UK. | agronomy |
http://eng.spb-venchur.ru/vuzs/274.htm | 2017-04-26T06:05:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121165.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00611-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.917659 | 290 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__199309551 | en | Siberian Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Selection
State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Selection of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences began its history in 1926, when Central Siberian Regional Agricultural Research Station was set up. Here research on spring and winter wheat, winter rye, oats, barley, legumes, forage grasses, buckwheat, flax, potatoes was conducted.
Today, the main areas of the Research Institute’s work are:
collection, preservation and study of plant resources of Siberia and the Far East, creation of the gene pool of plants for use in the selection;
study of patterns of inheritance of the basic economic and biologically significant features and characteristics of plants, development of selective genetic methods to accelerate the selection process and make it more efficient, improve the methods of the selection process optimization;
creation of new high-yielding, adaptive and high-quality varieties and hybrids of major crops, their reproduction and introduction into production, development of cultivar agrotechnics;
production of the original seeds of the varieties bread by the Institute;
training of top-qualification personnel.
Basing on the theoretical evidence and the use of Siberian gene pool of crops the Institute created and entered into the State Register of Selection Achievements 130 varieties of grain crops, legumes, cereals, forage crops, vegetables and potatoes. 76 protective documents - patents for breeding achievements were received. | agronomy |
https://washingmachinefrogblog.wordpress.com/tag/house-plants/ | 2018-06-23T02:45:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864919.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623015758-20180623035758-00590.warc.gz | 0.979014 | 152 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__141792359 | en | Since I posted about the bitter melon vines in Bottled and Up over a month ago, there has been quite a bit of reproduction activities going on. Let’s have a look: Tiny bright yellow flowers appeared! There were male and female flowers, with the female bearing a tiny fruit-to-be at its base but not the… Continue reading Mini Bitter Melons!
So besides growing food, I do venture into other businesses. Another small project that I did recently was re-purposing some used bottles to plant mini bitter gourd seedlings. They came from a strange vine that appeared in my backyard a few months ago. The main suspect is a bird, which had probably dumped a seed… Continue reading Bottled and Up | agronomy |
https://missionbeachtourism.com/product/rainforest-bounty/ | 2019-01-20T00:53:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583688396.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120001524-20190120023524-00576.warc.gz | 0.883474 | 349 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__55038421 | en | The Rainforest Bounty Slow Food Experience will awaken your senses with a gentle stroll through the native fruit orchards and gardens to harvest seasonal ingredients. A hands-on cooking class will show you how to bring out the unique flavours of native rainforest fruits and the day culminates in a sumptuous lunch to share the results of our labours.
This is an authentic “paddock to plate” experience only 15 minutes from Malanda on Queensland’s Atherton Tableland, Australia. The cooking lesson incorporates seasonal rainforest fruits and Rainforest Bounty gourmet condiments along with heirloom varieties of fruit and vegetables in its recipes. We also source ingredients from local organic farmers, fishermen, gardeners and artisanal producers.
Cooking classes are held in the spacious modern farm house with views of Queensland’s two highest mountains. Participants are guided through the recipes by Geraldine who developed her knowledge of the ingredients and cooking processes from traditional cooks in Asia and the Pacific. Geraldine incorporates this artisanal knowledge into a fusion cooking style using Australian native fruits with local organic meats, wild caught local seafoods and traditional ingredients.
There are six themes available – Lao/Thai, Indonesian, Malaysian, Vietnamese, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean. Further information and bookings can be made via the website www.rainforestbounty.com.au or by calling Geraldine on 07 4096 8026.
Rainforest Bounty Slow Food Experience
- Authentic “paddock to plate” local food experience
- Learn how to identify and cook with Australian native rainforest fruits
- Forage through the orchards and gardens for fresh seasonal produce
- Enjoy a relaxing day with fellow foodies | agronomy |
http://www.karma1.com/first-seed-phenotype-analysis-system-rapid-reliable-andcost-efficient-breeding/ | 2019-06-25T03:20:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999787.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625031825-20190625053825-00312.warc.gz | 0.853935 | 304 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__108133813 | en | Using advanced machine vision technology and customized deep learning algorithms, Seed-X revolutionizes the entire seed breeding and production cycles.
Seed-X identifies genetic traits of seeds & crops based on their phenotype features and transforms this big data into a new market standard that is remodeling the entire industry.
Bringing together global leading experts in advanced Al technology, computer vision and deep learning combined with our genetics, biomolecular and agronomics specialists, our team is our core asset.
The Genee Breeder is the ultimate, non-destructive, seed genetic traits detection system designed to compress breeding times and significantly increase breeding probability. Featuring Seed-X’s unique GTDP technology, the Genee Breeder uses machine vision and deep learning algorithms, allowing breeders to reach commercial viability in a fraction of the time normally required by conventional technologies.
Increase probability Preserve resources Save time
- Non destructive diagnosis
- Selection made quick and easy
- Seed by seed analysis & classification
- Results in real-time• Shortening generation cycles (speed breeding)
- Unlimited trait detections
- Multiple traits in one analysis
Seed-X imaging device
- Technology: GTDP by Seed-X
- Suitable for:
- Vegetable sedes
- Row crops sedes
- Replaceable tray by crop
- Up to 250 seeds per tray
- Portable device
- Dimensions: 74 cm X 37 cm X 46.5 cm
- Weight: 16 Kg | agronomy |
https://77hydro.com/contact/ | 2021-05-12T20:31:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989705.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20210512193253-20210512223253-00075.warc.gz | 0.890422 | 115 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__40884420 | en | We are a Hydroponics Supply Distributor selling Grow Lights & Hydroponic Systems for the Indoor Grower who wants to control their grow room environment for the perfect garden. We carry c02 controllers, special plant grow lights, hydroponic equipment and fertilizers. Also, for those without a lot of time, we carry fully automated hydroponic kits. We haven't forgotten the hardworking organic gardener. 77HYDRO.COM loves organics too, with a large variety of FoxFarm organic potting soil, and top quality organic fertilizers. | agronomy |
http://www.sps-solutions.co.uk/index.php/manure-pits | 2018-12-19T01:05:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376830305.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219005231-20181219031231-00410.warc.gz | 0.832623 | 100 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__197837848 | en | The containment of manure pits is a necessary requirement. Manure undergoes an anaerobic digestion to form fertilizer. The digestive process can generate potentially dangerous gases within a confined space, and can produce an oxygen-deficient toxic and/or explosive environment.
SPS Solutions offers various products which can be adapted for a manure pit, SPS precast walls or Loc Blocs offer a great solution for the containment of manure. Give us a call to discuss your project on 01493 600700 | agronomy |
https://loveslife.co/2015/06/19/dundream-garden/ | 2022-06-24T22:44:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103033816.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220624213908-20220625003908-00540.warc.gz | 0.949248 | 493 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__277149824 | en | I have always been passionate about growing my own organic vegetables and fruit. When my children were growing up I loved being able to pick fresh vegetables and fruit from the garden and in the farmhouse kitchen there was always a pot of wholesome homemade soup on the stove made from stock from meat or chicken. I tried growing vegetables using Gertrud Franck’s concept of Companion Planting, in which row crops are planted according to compatibility with each other as I did not wish to use any chemicals. Onions grew next to carrots which kept pests like carrot fly to a minimum. Spinach and mustard were grown thickly in the spaces between crops so that soil was not left bare but nourished by these plants which were the turned over to provide natural fertiliser and with a dual purpose of discouraging weeds.
Raised beds are a great way to grow vegetables reducing weeding problems and natural compost is added annually to enrich the soil. During the winter seaweed strips is placed on the bare soil or mustard is sown in the autumn and left until Spring before hoeing into the soil.
At Dundream this season there organic vegetables for guests to enjoy which include kale, spinach, celery, celeriac, lettuce, beetroot. borecole, broccoli, turnips, leeks, swiss chard, pok choi, onions and leeks. Fresh herbs are also grown in pots in the Japanese garden. The fresh dill adds a wonderful aniseed flavour to grilled fish: fresh thyme and rosemary complement a roasted joint of lamb and lavender works well with cauliflower gently steamed with butter and seasonings. I am looking forward to sharing the delicious fruit in the future from the cherry, plum, apple and pear trees. Recent research findings published in the British Journal of Nutrition states that organically grown crops contain much higher concentrations of nutritionally desirable antioxidants and lower levels of undesirable cadmium and pesticide residues.
Raised beds do not take up too much space and reduce weeding problems. Leafy greens appear as the main ingredients in juicing, salads, decorations in gourmet dishes, and wrap substitutes. The effects of regularly consuming green leafy vegetables ensures daily intake of vitamins A, C, E and K and B-vitamins, fibre, iron, magnesium, potassium and calcium. These super foods are easy to grow and delicious picked fresh with no chemical residues. Enjoy! | agronomy |
https://microbit.org/teach/lessons/helping-plants-grow-auto-farmer/ | 2023-03-20T22:48:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943562.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320211022-20230321001022-00157.warc.gz | 0.754932 | 241 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__179648182 | en | Use relays and home-made moisture sensors to make a prototype of an automated farming system that senses when crops are dry, saving water and increasing food production.
- Understand what the Global Goals are
- Understand what goal 15 is and its significance
- Understand the basics of transmitting data
- Produce a data node product to meet the success criteria
- Develop the product further with additional features
You will need
- Lesson plan
- Lesson slides
- Student handouts
- Activity sheet
- IPO worksheet
- HEX file
Breakout board for micro:bit pins (optional), jumper wires (optional), relay module (optional), LED lights (optional), electric pump (optional)
These projects are contributed by the Arm School Program
The big picture – why is this relevant?
This content is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence. | agronomy |
https://southernlivestock.com/five-reasons-you-need-your-veterinarian-more-than-ever-during-a-drought/ | 2023-12-11T00:07:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102697.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210221943-20231211011943-00064.warc.gz | 0.934094 | 568 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__199423013 | en | Five reasons you need your veterinarian more than ever during a drought
October 11, 2023
During drought, beef producers might find a best friend in their local veterinarian, says University of Missouri Extension veterinary toxicologist Tim Evans.
“Although veterinarians always provide a valuable service to animal owners, their value to livestock producers becomes increasingly important during drought, high heat and limited forage availability,” says Evans.
While there are many good online drought resources, there is no substitute for a working relationship with a trusted local veterinarian who is familiar with you and your operation, he says.
Veterinarians can help in five main ways during drought:
1. Assist livestock producers in making culling decisions.
2. Advise on water quality issues and feeding alternative forages, especially those that might be toxic to livestock.
3. Diagnose, treat and prevent water- and forage-associated intoxications in live animals.
4. Perform postmortem exams on dead animals.
5. Recommend herd health programs, including the use of various feed additives, to keep livestock healthy during a drought.
Veterinarians and extension livestock specialists and agronomists can help herd owners take an integrated approach to deciding how to cull cattle to match available feed and water resources in drought, Evans says.
Working together, local veterinarians and extension personnel, including agricultural business specialists, can also help producers decide how to best make use of their financial resources. This assistance might include decisions on what feedstuffs to buy and/or grow to best meet the current and future nutritional needs for cattle in different stages of development. These types of consultations are especially important for preventing nitrate/nitrite poisoning in ruminants.
Weather changes can often affect water quality in ponds and tanks. Harmful blue-green algal blooms in drought-stricken ponds can produce toxins causing seizures and convulsion or liver damage. “Do not let your livestock drink from ‘scummy’ ponds,” says Evans. Veterinarians can inspect suspect ponds and take appropriate samples to help determine if the pond water is safe for consumption by livestock.
Likewise, weeds may be the only plants to survive and thrive in dry pastures during drought, creating a possible toxic risk for livestock. Evans says animals usually avoid eating many common weeds, especially if better forages are available. However, when pasture is scarce, livestock will eat what they can find and are more likely to eat toxic weeds in baled or ensiled forages used as alternative drought feedstuffs.
In the event of the sudden death of an animal, consult with your veterinarian and ask for a necropsy exam, Evans says. It’s the only way to know for sure how to protect your investment from future risks. | agronomy |
http://www.foresight-platform.eu/brief/efp-brief-no-95-ict-and-robotics-in-agriculture-and-the-related-industries-%E2%80%93-a-european-approach/ | 2013-05-24T12:25:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704655626/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114415-00021-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.910914 | 185 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__101998889 | en | A Collaborative Working Group (CWG) under the Standing Committee for Agricultural Research (SCAR) has been formed to raise awareness on the research and development within the area of ICT and Robotics and to advise the European Commission. The CWG will assist in putting this field of research on the agenda in a European context as well as creating consensus among the most important stakeholders. This is done through dialogue and increased member state collaboration achieving synergy and creating optimal conditions for further development.
EFP Brief No. 95: ICT and Robotics in Agriculture and the Related Industries – a European Approach
Categories: brief, Environment (including climate change), EU, Food, agriculture and fisheries, biotechnology, FP7 Themes, Geography, Health, Information and communication technologies (ICT), Nanosciences, nanotechnology, materials, new production technologies, Socio-economic sciences and the humanities, Time Horizon, until 2020 | agronomy |
https://nanoschool.in/blogs/next-generation-sequencing-transforming-industries-with-versatile-applications-and-promising-uses/ | 2024-02-29T21:16:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474853.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229202522-20240229232522-00407.warc.gz | 0.885626 | 687 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__79701136 | en | Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a revolutionary technology with diverse applications, transforming multiple industries and opening new avenues of research. With its ability to rapidly sequence large amounts of DNA or RNA, NGS has revolutionized genomics and driven breakthroughs in precision medicine, diagnostics, agriculture, microbiology, and environmental studies. In this article, we will explore the trending applications and uses of NGS, showcasing its immense potential in advancing scientific research and various sectors.
Genomics: Decoding the Blueprint of Life NGS has revolutionized genomics research by enabling the analysis of entire genomes and transcriptomes with unprecedented speed and accuracy. It has become a cornerstone technology for understanding genetic variations, gene expression patterns, and disease mechanisms. Genomic data generated by NGS plays a vital role in identifying disease-causing mutations, developing personalized treatment approaches, and accelerating advancements in precision medicine.
Precision Diagnostics: Unraveling Genetic Clues NGS is transforming diagnostics by providing comprehensive genomic information for precise disease diagnosis and management. It enables the identification of disease-associated genetic variations, facilitating early detection and accurate classification of diseases. NGS-based diagnostics are empowering healthcare professionals to make informed treatment decisions, select targeted therapies, and improve patient outcomes across various medical specialties.
Agricultural Genomics: Boosting Crop Improvement NGS has a significant impact on agriculture by facilitating genomic research in crops and livestock. It helps in identifying genetic markers associated with desirable traits, disease resistance, and yield optimization. By decoding the genomic profiles of agricultural species, NGS enables breeding programs to develop more resilient and productive crop varieties and enhance livestock breeding strategies, leading to sustainable agriculture and food security.
Microbial Genomics: Unveiling Microbial Diversity NGS is a powerful tool for studying microbial diversity and understanding the roles of microorganisms in various ecosystems. It enables the identification and characterization of microbial communities, contributing to fields such as environmental microbiology, microbial ecology, and biotechnology. NGS-based metagenomic approaches shed light on microbial interactions, pathogen identification, and the discovery of novel enzymes and compounds with applications in industries such as bioremediation and pharmaceuticals.
Environmental Studies: Illuminating Ecosystems NGS has revolutionized environmental studies by providing insights into biodiversity, ecological interactions, and the impacts of environmental changes. By analyzing DNA from environmental samples, researchers can identify species, track invasive species, monitor ecosystem health, and assess environmental impacts. NGS-based approaches, such as environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, are being employed to study aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, aiding in conservation efforts and environmental management.
Conclusion: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a transformative technology, reshaping industries and driving scientific advancements across genomics, precision medicine, diagnostics, agriculture, microbiology, and environmental studies. The applications and uses of NGS continue to expand, offering unparalleled insights into the genetic blueprint of life, enabling personalized healthcare, improving crop yields, uncovering microbial diversity, and understanding complex ecosystems. As NGS technology evolves and becomes more accessible, it holds tremendous promise for further discoveries, transforming industries and shaping the future of scientific research.
Keywords: Next-generation sequencing, NGS, applications, uses, genomics, precision medicine, diagnostics, agriculture, microbiology, environmental studies, research advancements, data analysis, bioinformatics. | agronomy |
https://www.lancashirehemp.com/products/loose-leaf-cbd-tea/3159898000000084003 | 2022-07-01T17:15:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103943339.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701155803-20220701185803-00443.warc.gz | 0.879556 | 85 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__221234706 | en | Our loose leaf/flower CBD tea is another good way to get the benefits of CBD. This is a great tea for relieving pain and giving you a restful night of sleep. We mix our tea with actual hemp flower, not just the leaves, to ensure you get the benefits of the whole plant.
Our farm is Chemical FREE!
No Pesticides or Herbicides
We believe in growing plants All Naturally | agronomy |
https://www.naarmann.de/en/blog/naarmann-receives-state-award-food | 2023-12-05T06:15:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100545.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205041842-20231205071842-00012.warc.gz | 0.952718 | 488 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__113967789 | en | More than 90 companies receive the “NRW State Award for Food” – Minister Schulze Föcking: The food industry in NRW stands for quality, innovation and growth.
Ninety-three companies from various sectors of the North Rhine-Westphalian food industry have been awarded the "NRW State Award for Food" in 2017 by Minister of Agriculture Christina Schulze Föcking. "The regional award honours the companies that are involved in the field of food and nutrition in North Rhine-Westphalia, and make active contributions to the community," said Agriculture and Consumer Protection Minister Christina Schulze Föcking. The "Landesehrenpreis for food of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia" is awarded annually by the Ministry of Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia. Minister Schulze Föcking congratulated the award winners and personally presented the certificates in the Maxhaus in Düsseldorf.
In addition to criteria that assess the quality and taste of food, the award also honours the provision of vocational training, payment according to current tariffs, commitment to sustainability or the use of an environmental management system. Another prerequisite for the award ceremony is that in the same year the companies received an award from the German Agricultural Society (DLG) in gold for at least one of their products. "Overall, the agriculture and food industry in North Rhine-Westphalia is well positioned," emphasised the minister. Along with Bavaria and Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia is one of the three most important locations in the industry in Germany. The corporate structure in North Rhine-Westphalia ranges from globally active companies to a broad-based medium-sized business to small and micro enterprises. They include manufacturers of meat and sausage products, bread and baked goods, beer, spirits, soft drinks, confectionery as well as dairy products.
"With the award of the State Prize, the image and importance of North Rhine-Westphalia as a location for sustainable food production is strengthened and pointed to the importance of the food industry in and for North Rhine-Westphalia," said Minister Schulze Föcking. With around 400,000 employees, the food industry is one of the most important economic sectors and largest employer in the country. | agronomy |
http://bonedoggy.blogspot.com/2009/06/fave-new-blog.html | 2017-12-12T17:46:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948517845.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212173259-20171212193259-00395.warc.gz | 0.965729 | 95 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__52912173 | en | Go here. http://readingmytealeaves.blogspot.com A very cool blog. This picture is from her blog. I wasn't able to get a garden planted this year because I have to do some rearranging of the yard to make a prime growing spot. How freakin cool is this. A garden planted in the back of truck. Who new? Some people are so resourceful and creative. Anyway... very pretty pictures, good food and so on. | agronomy |
https://eujournalfuturesresearch.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40309-020-00166-9 | 2023-09-24T20:36:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924191454-20230924221454-00664.warc.gz | 0.937642 | 18,885 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__67531870 | en | Participatory research for sustainable agriculture: the case of the Italian agroecological rice network
European Journal of Futures Research volume 8, Article number: 7 (2020)
Since the Green Revolution, worldwide agriculture has been characterized by a typical top–down approach. The degree of autonomy, creativity, and responsibility of farmers has been limited by the continuous external inputs of chemicals, machinery, advice, subsidies and knowledge.
The issue of sustainability has brought complexity and uncertainty to this mainly linear process of innovation, steering agriculture toward alternative models. Agroecology represents an innovative paradigm of agriculture in which external inputs are minimized, and the assets of the farm are greatly valued. Agroecological production relies on the farmers’ direct management of resources and on their active engagement in the agricultural knowledge and innovation system.
This paper focuses on the experience of a group of farmers, scientists, public officials, and managers of private companies who are experimenting with agroecology in rice production in one of the most intensively farmed, profitable and environmentally sensitive areas of Italy. The partnership regularly comes together to discuss agricultural techniques and results, needs, and paths of innovation; in addition, it stimulates and takes part in research projects, following a participatory process based on co-learning and mutual responsibility. By using ethnographic methods such as direct observations and in-depth interviews, our work may contribute to understanding the role of participatory research in sustainable agriculture and what makes for good participation.
The traditional model of innovation and its failings
From the so-called Green Revolution, started in the 1950s, to the current period of innovations based on digital devices, worldwide agriculture has been characterized by a typical top–down transfer of technology. In this pervasive paradigm, technology is developed in the controlled environment of universities and research stations, passed on to agricultural advisors and then to farmers, who consume and apply it (: 67). Technology is perceived as a commodity delivered to farmers, who have little control over its development and management . The transferred technologies are uniform, standardized, and mass-produced to work almost everywhere. Standardization is applied not only to physical technologies, such as seeds, pesticides, and machinery, but also to procedures and their sequencing, with the aim of routinizing the activities of farmers, thus promoting predictable and manageable changes in rural areas (: 71). Some feedback is provided by the extension agents, who turn the problems of the farmers into researchable questions, then answered by research scientists. Nevertheless, the innovation pipeline is mainly linear and one-way .
This system has improved the availability and quality of food per capita, ensuring food security in many areas of the world , and it has been a powerful tool for the diffusion of industrial agriculture .
While this traditional model is still practiced in many areas, its shortcomings have long been acknowledged. The reliance of farmers on suppliers of technologies, capital to buy such technologies and experts’ knowledge to be able to use them has grown, limiting their margins of autonomy and creativity in farming decisions. They have also lost control over essential resources due to the concentration of power in the mechanical, seed, chemical, processing, and distribution industries. With the introduction of advanced techniques, such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology, precision agriculture, sensors, satellites, and robotics, innovation has become increasingly sophisticated and its development even more disconnected from farmers.
Chambers, Pretty and other practitioners of the “farmer first” discourse [16, 17, 77, 78] have highlighted the failure of this model in developing countries and resource-poor areas, which are more risk-prone and characterized by more complex and less controllable local conditions than the areas where the technologies and practices were actually developed.
The challenge of sustainability, posed first by the Report of the Club of Rome in 1972 and then by the Brundtland Report in 1987 and the Rio Declaration in 1992, started to be perceived as an issue only at the end of the last century , when it brought complexity to intensive agriculture, practiced in more developed countries. The issue of sustainability has brought to the fore the concepts of risk and uncertainty also in European agriculture. Risk and uncertainty are critical matters in agriculture and, therefore, their impact on both learning and practice needs to be taken into account. Dealing with environmental risks and developing innovations to address these risks require more inclusive ways of knowing and doing, as noted by Pimbert (: 22), who stated that “more inclusive ways of knowing are required to bring together the partial and incomplete perspectives of different actors faced with uncertainty, diversity and change”. This is the reason why the participatory research approach has been incorporated into European agricultural research, increasingly oriented toward the challenge of sustainability, albeit lagging behind other sectors (for example, ecosystem management, which started soon after the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, in 1992).
Criticism of the mechanistic process of innovation has extended to all farming systems, while a broad consensus has emerged on the links between conventional agriculture and its top–down innovation, on the one hand, and the environmental crisis, on the other hand.
The agroecological paradigm based on participation
Agroecology has been proposed as a radical alternative to the Green Revolution [1, 2, 38, 87, 94]. It represents an innovative paradigm of agriculture in which external inputs are minimized, and great value is attached to the internal resources of the farm and the territory. A systemic ecological approach is adopted in order to understand the relations between living organisms and their environment. This fosters the processes that move the agroecosystem closer to a natural, mature, relatively stable, and self-sustaining ecosystem, able to maintain productivity without external inputs .
Our work does not explore the issue of agroecology seen as a social movement but focuses exclusively on agroecology as a system of knowledge and innovation. In this meaning, agroecological production relies on the farmers’ direct management of resources and on their engagement in the governance of the agricultural knowledge and innovation system. Proponents of agroecology as an alternative development model argue that its potential can only be realized through participatory research and extension [16, 83, 84, 94, 96]. Cuéllar-Padilla and Calle-Collado define agroecology as “the practice of science with people” and stress that participation is at the core of any single process. Agroecology implies the promotion of practices that (i) fit the local contexts in which they are implemented, (ii) foster the autonomy and skills of the communities involved (as is the case with the participatory research network discussed in our case study, whose learning and empowerment processes are presented in Section 3.2), (iii) profit from locally-produced resources, included local opinions regarding sustainability (Ibidem).
A young male farmer of our network explains: “It is a question of development model. So, if we choose a development model that favors indistinct, undifferentiated production—a commodity, as it is called—this leads to cost increases. The progressive increase in costs combines with stagnation in terms of value generated by the production. To deal with decreasing revenues, one must increase the surface area. This model breaks up the farming community because the land is a finite good. If ten farmers work this land today but the model forces me to expand, some farms will grow but some others will inevitably disappear. This is entrepreneurial desertification in farming. Conversely, the organic agriculture model restores the intrinsic value of what it produces because it qualifies it and, mind you, it is not a matter of profiting excessively, of setting prices that consumers can’t afford, the question is how to redistribute wealth along the production chain. Thanks to the organic system, I do this work and contribute to increasing the biodiversity of the local farming businesses.”
Agroecological research requires local-scale and action-oriented solutions to deal with technical and ecological aspects, as well as economic and sociocultural dimensions, adopting a holistic perspective on agricultural management. The research approach needs to integrate scientific and empirical knowledge throughout the process, achieving the co-production of new cross-cultural innovation [15, 36, 73].
A university professor of the network explains: “In traditional agronomic research, we are limited to comparing fertilizers and antiparasitic agents. We decontextualize, we only look at parcels, we compare in increasing doses, we add a witness, we add replications, we use well-documented and refined statistics, we publish, and then we entrust the best technique to the extension service. The best result obtained on the parcel must necessarily also be the best result on the farm. In case of failure, we put the blame on the farmer. This is the game. Impact is not assessed, indirect effects are not considered, especially on a territorial scale. But wasn’t agronomy born along with agriculture? Agronomy is life, creativity, the daily toil of those who work the land, it is not exclusively science. The real challenge lies in complexity. But all the actors have to be involved. It might seem like a longer path, but it is actually much shorter. It is the theory of interconnections, of evolution not based on competition but rather on cooperation.”
A male farmer says: “Farmers are researchers by nature, but with a great limitation: they don’t bother taking notes. They are not interested in writing, so they don’t bother publishing the discoveries coming from their ability to adapt during agronomy activities. In the network, instead, we had to do this. We had to take notes and then discuss them with the others, even the professors, on an equal footing.”
The European Commission has explicitly encouraged the transition to sustainable farming through interactive innovation and multi-actor approaches since 2012 , when the European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI) and its Operational Groups were launched within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Multi-actor projects and bottom-up thematic networks were also designed within the Horizon 2020 research and development (R&D) framework program. The common principle was to bring together innovation actors: farmers, advisers, researchers, businesses, NGOs, and others. The collaboration among them was supposed to make the best use of complementary types of knowledge, so as to achieve the co-creation and diffusion of solutions and opportunities that would be readily implementable in practice.
In Italy, the Ministry of Agricultural Policies expressed its intention to support participatory and multi-actor projects in Action 10 of the National Strategic Plan for the Development of the Organic System, emphasising the importance of knowledge sharing, co-research and co-innovation through the involvement of various stakeholders, starting from the initial phases of research. In the call for R&D projects in organic agriculture at the end of 2018, these goals were actively pursued by requiring researchers who wished to receive financial support to include at least one farmer among their research partners and by rewarding those researchers who involved more than one farmer (Ministerial Decree no. 67374/2018).
Participatory networks have multiplied in recent years, activated as part of projects, on the basis of public co-financing. Their diffusion is strengthened by the supporting environment, that is, by the facilitation, coordination, and training processes implemented . Yet, facilitating dialogue between researchers and farmers is still a priority, which will be pursued in European agricultural policy after 2020 .
Mansuri and Rao warn that “induced” participation—that is, participation promoted through bureaucratically managed research and development interventions—requires a fundamentally different approach, one that is long-term, context sensitive, and committed to developing a culture of learning by doing. This is why it is particularly interesting to study the experience of a spontaneous, self-directed, and fairly informal, yet highly functional network that seems to be a unique case in the Italian agricultural sector.
What is true participation?
The term “participatory research” is used to refer to various approaches and methods, and it encompasses different types of participation. A systematic review of thirty-five experiences of participatory processes, with the involvement of farmers, concluded that farmers are too often considered a mere source of information to be used by researchers rather than active participants in the management and transformation of rural areas .
As for participatory methods, many authors stress the importance of research mechanisms and designs to bring together scientific and practical knowledge [22, 35, 50, 56, 65, 99]. Successful participatory research, it is argued, can be achieved through a structured dialogue in which the dialectical process is encouraged by regular meetings, joint reflection, and the collective development of findings and conclusions. Nevertheless, the review by Menconi et al. shows that there is no preferred scheme: every initiative has its own methods and practices and is tailor-made on the researchers’ preferences, resources, context, and project. However, simplicity of approach seems to be the best quality of any participatory activity (Ibidem).
As for the attitude and behavior of researchers regarding participation, the literature indicates a widespread lack of awareness, interest, time, incentives, and recognition by the current research system (e.g., [13, 25, 70]). Agricultural scientists have been put under growing pressure to undertake participatory research, but they do not have sufficient practice, skills, and competencies (Ibidem). Several authors have suggested blending various forms and intensities of stakeholders’ participation with formal agricultural research (e.g., ), “uniting science and participation” , into “compromised participation” , making things even more difficult in terms of designing, implementing, and monitoring participatory research.
Finally, in addition to the discussion around what participation is, some authors have questioned its very value, raising the issues of inclusion, power, and governance of participation [20, 43, 44, 55, 63].
Despite continuous attention paid to the topic, there is no consensus as to what participation means, how widespread it is, whether it is a sufficient goal in sustainable agriculture, and the extent to which it is actually inclusive.
Here, the experience of an Italian network for participatory research in agroecological rice production is presented with the aim to contribute to such ongoing debate. This paper focuses on the role of participatory research in the transition to sustainable agriculture, trying to shed light on if and why it is needed and what makes for good participation.
Study context: the difficult conversion to organic farming of the rice district in Northern Italy
Italy is the leading European producer of rice . The crop is grown mainly in Northern Italy, mostly in the regions of Piedmont and Lombardy, where a rich, well-organized, and interconnected district comprises farms, processing and distribution businesses, research centers and extension services, and suppliers of chemicals, seeds, and machinery .
The cultivation is typically intensive monoculture, without crop rotation and with heavy chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. The impact of rice growing on the environment tends to be considered very high, especially in terms of quality of soil and surface and ground water, with risks to human health posed by drinking contaminated water . The transition to organic rice farming is perceived as a solution to ensure environmental protection, economic sustainability of the farms, consumer safety, and as a measure to mitigate climate change [41, 80].
In Italy, organic farming is regarded as the most advanced and efficient way to develop an agroecological approach , and the discipline of agroecology finds concrete application in organic production, regardless of whether it is certified and remunerated on the market . Hence, in the remainder of this study, the concepts of agroecology and organic farming will be used interchangeably.
The principles and approaches that should be adopted to manage organic farming systems are shown in European Commission (EC) Regulation 848/2018 (art. 6 and Annex II) : limiting the use of non-renewable resources and external inputs, prohibiting the use of any product for weeding purposes, also of natural origin, and minimizing the use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, through measures to enhance soil life and its natural fertility (i.e., nourishing plants primarily through the soil ecosystem) and to prevent damage by pests and weeds, choosing appropriate resistant genotypes and crop rotation, and mechanical or physical methods. Therefore, the principles and approaches underlying organic agriculture are in line with the agroecological view of farming systems, although agroecology involves a wider approach, not limited to agronomic aspects, that overcomes any labels and certification systems. Agroecology aims not only to realize low-input farming systems, based on the exploitation of natural processes, but it also focuses on social–economical aspects, such as those related to human value, knowledge sharing, and equality in power distribution among the actors of the food supply chain. It is also true that, besides their principles, the regulations for organic agriculture allow the use of external products (EC Regulation 889/2008 ), which should be useful during the first period of transition to achieve a balance within the agroecosystem. However, in the real life of farms, this is often interpreted in a misleading way, and organic farming could follow the “input substitution approach” by replacing inputs permitted in conventional farming with others permitted in organic farming, which are not always very eco-friendly [51, 60, 61], without changing the underlying crop management approach.
Nevertheless, in our case study, organic agriculture is the basis upon which agroecological systems are generated. The organic rice farmers involved in the network are also agroecological farmers. They follow agroecological principles in relation to both (i) agronomic aspects (i.e., soil fertilization based on leguminous species and crop rotation, plant protection based on resistant genotypes, and the management of field flooding, innovative strategies for weeding without herbicides, as explained in ) and (ii) social aspects (i.e., group experience of knowledge sharing and mutual learning).
With the elimination of chemicals, the production of rice must be pursued through a complex process of varieties selection, crop rotation, and agronomic techniques to enhance soil and water resources and control weeds and pathogens, while also respecting the specificities of the territory. This work requires sophisticated know-how, experience, and skills that the Italian rice growers have long lost because they have been completely dependent on technology suppliers. The traditional research and advisory system is committed to ecological intensification but, due to the lack of specific funding dedicated to organic production, it has carried out few experiments on organic rice farming, mainly at the research station level . The high costs of the innovative technologies developed, (e.g., mulch films and transplanting techniques, and the extreme variability of cropping systems)—depending on pedo-climatic conditions, field characteristics, and the business organization of farms—have prevented the dissemination of innovations beyond few farms. The spread of organic methods has taken place rather slowly, and organic rice production has remained niche, pursued only by a handful of pioneer farmers who, in the absence of prior knowledge, test innovative practices with a self-help and trial-and-error approach, as in Padel . Organic rice cultivation was first adopted by farmers whose approach was seen as an “alternative” by the local agricultural community, i.e., biodynamic, macrobiotic, radical farmers motivated by strong environmental commitment, especially women. These farmers were initially treated with skepticism by their colleagues (as reported by ), sometimes even with suspicion and derision. However, their innovations were then taken up by a few pioneer farmers whose opinions are influential within the rice community, so that skepticism has now decreased, but it has not disappeared completely. This information derives from personal experiences reported by the farmers of the network. A female farmer of the network, for instance, explains that: “When the locals saw me do this work [Authors’ Note: manual work to avoid the use of herbicides], under the sun, with mosquitos all around… they thought me odd, they said: ‘that one has no brain’. That was another problem I had to deal with, being seen as a bit of an outsider. (…) It was very difficult. I struggled for many years. (…) I was heavily criticized because they saw that my business was earning much less than conventional farms—at the time, conventional farms were making good money—but I didn’t want to maximize profit, I wanted to maximize my personal expectations...”
In this context of difficult transition to organic farming, the multi-actor agroecological network analyzed here is carrying out participatory research and innovation to enhance organic methods. Exploring the values, motivations, processes, and relations of this Italian agroecological rice network is useful to understand if and how experiences of participatory research can change the trajectory of development in areas of intensive agriculture.
Our research explored the role and mechanisms of a participatory research network for the conversion to organic agriculture. We identified the following research goals:
To investigate learning processes and enabling environments;
To identify limits and opportunities of participatory research networks.
The questions that guided this study include:
Why did the farmers, researchers, and other actors join the participatory research network?
What and how do they learn within the participatory network?
Which are the limits and opportunities for the future of the network?
This article draws on fieldwork investigating the partnership created by a group of farmers, scientists, government officials, and business managers in Northern Italy, between Lombardy and Piedmont, to research agroecological rice farming.
We integrate case study research and grounded theory, as in Andrade , choosing an interpretive approach [33, 42, 79, 90]. We use qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews and participant observations, constantly acknowledging the pedagogical model provided by Tracy for quality issues. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted, from January to November 2018, with the members of the network, using a biographical approach [66, 89]. The interviews started by asking the respondents to tell their stories. They were invited to reflect on the origin and evolution of their professional experience, the moments of change and the time when they joined the network. They were also asked to say why they decided to participate in the network and to evaluate the consequences on their work and their expectations for the future. Spontaneous discussion, listening, and empathy were privileged throughout the process. The interviews were noted down, audio and video recorded with the interviewees’ permission, and later transcribed.
The functioning of the network and the relations among its members were directly observed during the partnership’s meetings, from September 2017 to December 2018. It was also possible to be involved in the informal exchange of messages among the participants via social networks and email.
Midgley says that supporting evidence is often based on single case studies of intervention, and Meyer points out the need to consider what is unique in each intervention. Our case study describes a small network of 28 people featuring farmers, researchers, and other actors. Other European networks have the same small number of participants, around thirty . Therefore, the number of in-depth interviews (20), covering 70% of the network participants and integrated with the results of the observations made directly by the researchers during the network meetings over 16 months, appears reasonable and justifiable.
Objectives, methodologies, results, drivers of change, values, and visions were analyzed using grounded theory to develop an understanding of the processes of participation, assumption of responsibility, learning, and innovation. Grounded theory, in its latest evolution (e.g., [19, 21]), is an interpretive method used to systematically analyze texts, such as interview transcripts and observation notes, in order to build theory concepts. This is done by reading the texts with specific questions in mind, extracting themes, and coding passages with keywords and quotes.
The narrative approach is used extensively in participatory social science, i.e., education, psychology, youth and childhood studies, geography, and land management science (for example, ). We found few applications in rural studies. In Phillips and Dickie , the narrative approach has been adopted to explore the rural future associated with climate change. Boxelaar et al. explored how narrative approach can facilitate change in land management, demonstrating that this approach highlighted some of the ambiguities that existed within the project, but it did very little to change the course of the project. Kajamaa shows that the narrative approach is appropriate to enrich participatory research when used in a complementary way to other ethnographic methods, such as in our case.
With the aim to explore which elements of the participatory research network support the transition to organic farming, the material was organized to fit into these categories:
Objectives, structure and functioning of the network;
Processes in the network;
Relations, power, and inclusion.
Results and discussion
The Riso Bio Vero network
The Riso Bio Vero (RBV) network brings together several organic rice farmers from the heart of the Italian rice district (provinces of Pavia, Vercelli, and Novara), as well as from outside this area. Scientists, public officials, and the managers of a company distributing organic products have also joined the network. The agricultural component of the group is not very representative of Italian farmers. According to the latest census of agriculture , in Italy, 30.7% of farmers are women, 2.5% are under 40, 6.2% are graduates, and only 0.8% have a degree in agriculture. In Europe , the first three figures are respectively: 28%, 11%, and 7.5%. In the RBV network, instead, women, young people, and graduates are well represented (respectively, 7 out of 17, 3 out of 17, and all) (Table 1).
The most recent data on the structure of European agriculture suggest that, on average, 28% of farms across the EU are managed by women, with considerable differences among countries. In Lithuania and Latvia, nearly half of all the farms are managed by women; by contrast, in Finland, Malta, Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, the proportion of female farm managers does not exceed 10%. Many studies demonstrate that participatory and agroecological approaches can be gender-sensitive, i.e., able to address the issues of gender inequality and inclusion (see for example, [39, 67]).
Only 11% of all farm holdings in the European Union (EU) are run by farmers under 40 (6.9% by farmers younger than 35 and just 4.9% by women under the age of 35) , and persuading more young people to begin farming is a major challenge . The EU is encouraging young people to take up farming with start-up grants, income support, and benefits, such as additional training (Ibidem). Flament and Macias highlight that a growing number of urban youths, often with a university degree, are deciding to become farmers. Described as “new peasants”, many of them choose agroecology as an alternative way to enter the food system, promoting both social and environmental sustainability. The idea of young farmers being “innovative” and turning away from traditionally intensive industrial farming models was already promoted by de Rooij in 2004 .
On average, only 7.5% of the current generation of European farmers have received full agricultural training, and 73.5% only have practical agricultural skills, coming from professional experience. Among farm managers, educational attainment is lower among women than men (5% versus 10% for full agricultural training and 79% versus 68% for only practical training) .
The RBV network was established in 2016 thanks to the coming together of a group of people who, despite knowing one another, until then had only occasionally collaborated. The intensification of their relations was linked to the opportunity, offered by the University of Milan, to organize the second international conference on Organic Rice Production (ORP 2) in Milan, on the occasion of EXPO 2015, the Universal Exposition hosted by Italy and focusing on food and agriculture. The conference was very successful; teamwork was stimulating; and the goal of continuing to work more steadily together was reinforced. The people who took part in the organization of the conference felt that they had a common vision of their work and that together they could defend and enhance their activities, even against the harsh attacks suffered by the sector. At the end of 2014, in fact, a television reportage (Report on the national TV channel Rai3) had revealed the phenomenon of “falsi bio” (false organic producers), triggering a crisis that affected the entire rice industry, both organic and conventional, and still persists. Attacks on the image of organic rice farming played a crucial role in the decision to establish the group called “Riso Bio Vero” (True Organic Rice) to affirm the integrity of a portion of organic rice growers and their firm condemnation of fake organic producers.
A young farmer of the network explains the “false bio” phenomenon in Italy by saying:
“We are 100% organic, which is a very important choice to give the business credibility. In 2014, I was among those who fought the hardest against the issue of fake organic rice. When I started the conversion, I saw that some of my competitors basically produced in the traditional way, but then all their papers were in order to obtain the certification. This is damaging to honest organic producers, consumers, as well as to conventional producers, who choose to follow the rules and don’t give in to the golden opportunity of making easy money. Unfair competition swallows up other businesses. Both conventional and organic farmers are wiped out by those who do not comply with the rules. In 2014, together with other farmers, I decided to expose this unacceptable situation. We did it, for example, by collaborating with Report (there were many other initiatives, but Report achieved the greatest visibility). We were involved in writing the episode of the program about this issue, which became a sort of turning point in Italy’s organic rice production and, to an extent, in the organic production of other sectors too. Before that, there were thousands of hectares of organic rice cultivation that were actually farmed in the conventional way. There was no crop rotation, the embankments had no vegetation—and I have never seen land remaining bare without undergoing treatment. Since Report, the history of organic farming has changed. From then on, there has been much more attention from the institutions, from politics, born of our denunciation, of our raising awareness and rebelling, of our will to redeem the sector, especially on the part of young farmers who can’t tolerate living in such a… how can I put this… such an unfair world.”
The group’s original core included ten organic rice farmers (four from Lombardy, five from Piedmont and one from Tuscany), a professor from the University of Milan, an official from the Lombardy Region, and a representative of a company distributing organic products. Afterwards, a retired official of the Piedmont Region and a professor from the University of Pavia also joined. Both academics made available to the network their research groups, made up of technicians and young researchers.
Thanks to the participation of the University of Milan in the Riso-Biosystems national project (2017-2019), two scientists from two different public research institutions joined the network too. Furthermore, the research activity became a specific work package of the project. Although it would be very interesting to analyze the relationships between the RBV network and the rest of the partnership and the level of integration achieved, such a topic is not the subject of this study.
Subsequently, some organic rice growers became members of the network either permanently (two farmers from Piedmont) or occasionally (farmers from Veneto).
The group was founded with the aim to demonstrate that organic rice can be produced in a serious way, without circumventing the limits imposed by European regulations, which forbid the use of chemicals. The group of pioneer farmers have come together to promote their common interests, i.e., demonstrating the methods and best practices at the basis of professional organic rice production. They are all officially certified organic farmers. However, their views go beyond any labels, because they believe in the agroecological approach, which regards the farm as a living system that interacts with the environment and the socio-political structure of the territory. For these reasons, they do not consider organic farming a mere sustainable alternative to conventional farming and aim to avoid products that are permitted by organic farming regulations but not environmentally friendly. They have also focused on exposing the strategies of fake organic rice producers, which circumvent the limits imposed by the European regulations forbidding the use of chemicals. Indeed, the rice sector is particular prone to fraud since, differently from other productions, organic and conventional farms share the same irrigation system, based on a network of watercourses and channels that cross the valley of the river Po. Therefore, the auditing authorities cannot deem traces of banned chemicals in rice plants to be objective proof of forbidden treatments, since it is impossible to exclude accidental contamination through the sharing of irrigation water. Furthermore, the lack of chemical residues on the rice grain, despite repeated spraying of the plant, which is a good point for consumers, prevents the distinction between the production obtained with the organic method and that obtained with the conventional method, making organic cultivation susceptible to fraud.
Around this goal, the group began to collaborate by sharing previous knowledge and experiences. The partnership gathered latent discontent toward conventional rice cultivation and bitter frustration toward false organic farmers, channeling them into a participatory research system that would allow experimentation and innovation in agroecological rice cultivation.
Network’s role, activities, and structure
Participation in the group allows its members to share know-how and improve individual techniques, quickly adopting and adapting innovations successfully tested by others and, above all, starting a new research process “from below”. The exchange of individual experiences is very important for the site specificity of organic practices. Due to extreme variability in microclimate and soil conditions, as well as in farmers’ resources, capacities and organization, a good technique for one farm may not be feasible or suitable for another. Testing different techniques at the same time within a single context, as seen in parcel experimentation both at the farm and research station level, does not provide useful results in organic farming [8, 48, 88]. Vice versa, the application of the same technique to many different farms allows the growers to produce new insights and learn from one another. The first approach assumes a certain level of uniformity of cropping conditions across different farms. It transfers the results obtained from experimental trials, implying convergence of innovation through a standardized pattern of techniques, valid for different places and different times (the “funnel” scheme). Unfortunately, organic fields are unpredictably diverse, due to the reduction of external inputs that minimize possible sources of variability. Farmer-led trials reveal the constraints and benefits of different techniques by applying them to a wide range of field conditions and farm contexts and then selecting and adapting those that best respond to the specific characteristics of each farm (“folding fan” scheme). Bell and Bellon explain the difference between the two approaches in terms of universalization versus generalization. The active involvement of the farmers in the research process makes it possible to experiment and adapt the same techniques to different farms, to achieve the quick and efficient generalization of best practices. Because of the extreme variability of environmental conditions among organic farms, even those where the same species are grown, the rapid dissemination of innovative results would not be feasible if the farmers were not involved—that is, if it were not supported by those who spend most of their time in the fields, carefully observing nature and its interactions with their own work, supervising the experiments and verifying their results year after year.
“Results come from individual experience, but experience comes from the exchanges among the farmers, who experiment with different techniques, each on their own land, each with their entrepreneurial approach. The mixing, discussion and reflection with the researchers and officials brings about improvements in the sector. Everyone has given and received much—this is the true strength of a network. We have become a network because we have done a lot of sharing, guided by mutual trust.” (Female farmer)
The activity of the network has allowed its members to improve existing agronomic techniques, increase and stabilize yields, and make actual discoveries, such as those regarding the allelopathic function of some species used as cover crop.
The research process is complemented by mutual assistance in the choice of machinery and suppliers, as well as in the management of the business, marketing strategies, information on regulations, and funding opportunities.
At first, discussion and collaboration among the members of the network concentrated on agronomic practices, the performance and constraints of little known agro-techniques, and issues of business administration and marketing. Then, the focus widened to include questions not strictly related to farming, e.g., measures to improve the transparency and integrity of the supply chain (critical issues and opportunities regarding both the improvement of the traditional organic certification system and alternative participative certification systems), practices to enhance plant biodiversity in the paddy fields, etc.
The governance of the network is very simple. A rice grower acts as leader of the farmer members, while a research fellow from the University of Milan serves as a bridge to the academic component and animates the entire network by taking care of overall communication. The group meets periodically, about once a month, preferably at the home of the farmers’ leader. The meetings last a whole day and include a shared lunch, for which everyone brings something that they have cooked. Regular attendance is supported by sharing meals and by common participation in other activities (e.g., training visits, trade fairs). The fact that all the participants invest a great deal of time in the network meetings and activities is not seen as a limit, but as a strength of the network.
The agenda of the meetings is set and shared by email. The researchers and farmers’ leader facilitate the discussion, which flows quite spontaneously, and use a projector to present data, results and videos, but no particular participatory method or approach is deliberately used. Sometimes, visits to one or more farms follow the discussion and help to verify the progress of the experiments undertaken directly in the field.
Outreach initiatives are carried out together with the research activity, including scientific publications authored by all the members of the network, seminars and conferences (i.e., ORP3 in Brazil in 2018 and a national conference open to all the actors of the supply chain, including the media, in Milan in 2019). The network is also preparing a manual for the identification of weeds in the paddy fields, a summary document on yields in organic rice cultivation and self-checking guidelines for the certification system.
The research process is managed through four cyclically repeating phases:
A phase of discussion concerning the issues detected in daily practice and possible experiments to investigate them.
A phase of experimentation conducted by the rice growers on their own farms but monitored by the farmers’ leader and the research fellow, who periodically visit the farmers and assist them with their technical needs, both directly in the fields and from a distance via social networks and email. At times, neighboring farmers also take part in the visits, to see the fields and give suggestions.
A collective phase of gathering, sharing, analyzing, and interpreting the results.
A phase of adoption of innovations at the farm level and identification of further critical issues.
Without knowing it, the growers are using the cycle learning process proposed by Kolb in his theory on experiential learning , in which concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation follow one another. Such an approach does not involve specific planning or the use of facilitating tools; rather, it centers around a reflexive, flexible, and iterative process. The action–reflection cycle helps establish a body of knowledge that is constructed and refined by the participants and represents a synthesis of the different skills brought to the partnership. A good example of this process is the research activity on plant biodiversity. During a conference, a farmer came into contact with some academics from the University of Pavia who were talking about a typical indigenous species found in the paddy fields (Marsilea quadrifolia L.), which had been declared endangered due to massive herbicide use . The farmer recognized the plant from having seen it in her fields and invited the incredulous scientists to visit her farm. The discovery triggered a research project, carried out on the land of all the farmers in the network and in the university lab, to verify the relationship between agronomic practices and plant biodiversity and enhance the ecological function of the paddy fields. It also offered the opportunity to design the brand “Marsilea rice”, to be used on the market to strengthen the identity of the group in opposition to false organic farmers. This example clearly shows how flexible the network is in its activities and scope, effectively combining a wide range of disciplines.
The members of the network are all at the same level and participate in the research and innovation process without a hierarchical approach. The academics provide their knowledge and stimulate the adoption of scientific procedures, but they are open to new forms of learning from cross-cultural exchange. They emphasize that their involvement in the network is driven by genuine interest in participatory research, curiosity about its functioning and fun and excitement in experimenting alternative forms of doing research. They admit that this research approach is not successful in terms of publications.
“Now I want to test this new approach, understand if it works, where it doesn’t work, why it works, with the clear and critical thinking of a researcher, without taking for granted that it will be a successful process. For instance, in terms of publications, it isn’t, but it is undoubtedly more interesting, fun, and exciting.” (Professor, male)
The scientists have backgrounds in agronomy, natural sciences, agricultural economy, and rural sociology, but they lack specific skills in participatory methodology. They share a commitment to participatory research that prioritizes respect, trust, and openness to experience, and their attitude is fundamental to ensure good relationships with the farmers and the other actors in the network. The researchers take the farmers’ skills very seriously to prioritize research aims and develop and validate agronomic practices. This trust is perceived by the farmers and reciprocated. Indeed, regular and direct contact between the researchers and the farmers allows them to strengthen the feeling of mutual trust that they have built.
The fact that a company distributing organic products has been present since the establishment of the network has meant that many of the farmers involved have signed a supply contract with this company. The agreement requires compliance with a set of strict cultivation guidelines deemed to be even more stringent than that required by the European organic certification regulations.
A female farmer explains: “It is an unbelievably strict contract. When you sign it, you accept being under constant monitoring, with two checks, one during the growth phase, when a rice sample is taken and analyzed, and another before the harvest—two multi-residual analyses—and then constant technical inspections. There is also a sort of protocol involving green manure or harrowing, so using cover crops or rotary tillers, but no support whatsoever.”
According to the producers, this seriousness is a guarantee for their image and is well remunerated by their buyers. So far, this economic relationship among many members of the network has not been considered an obstacle to the group’s research and innovation goals.
The network’s research activities have been funded through public and private tenders (e.g., bank foundations), and some members have supported them with their own funds. Although this is an example of bottom–up research funding, the extemporaneous and unorganized nature of such support prevents any assessment of this aspect.
Furthermore, the members have not yet taken into consideration issues of research ethics, such as confidentiality, property of innovations, and conflicts of interest.
When the members of the network describe the values that they share, they mention a wide variety of topics, such as environmental commitment, responsible business ethics, economic rationality, aesthetics, and enhanced satisfaction in doing their job. Some common principles recur in the narratives collected through the interviews:
The members of the group are engaged in organic rice cultivation because they pursue not only economic profit, but also the protection of the environment in which they work and live, for themselves and for others.
“The radical decision of going organic, which I made a few years ago, was motivated, above all, by the situation of the market, which no longer offered any guarantee of profit or sustainability from any point of view. In my opinion, organic farming went instead in the direction of sustainability and business growth oriented toward the future. It means meeting the needs of aware consumers, producing a series of positive externalities besides the mere production of foodstuff. To me, being an organic rice producer today means being a business that yields a better type of food in many regards, provides a healthy environment, and is attentive to resources, which are not my private resources but common goods for the whole community, such as water and soil. Making this choice provides positive answers to all of these issues. This is what doing organic farming means.” (Young male farmer)
They believe that farmers must take responsibility for the environmental impact of agriculture.
They honor this commitment with courage.
They include ethics among the most important values of their activity.
“Climate change has forced us to face our responsibilities. Science is not neutral; it is not aseptic. Passion, ethics, values, ideals, and vision must be part of research. In organic farming, this is a viable path. It is not just a utopia; it is technically feasible too.” (Professor, male)
They believe that in organic farming, they can express their creativity, professionalism, and values, which were frustrated in conventional agriculture.
“Doing organic farming means doing varied and creative work. This is what organic farming requires. The seasons change every year and there is no fixed date for sowing, no fixed protocol, it changes from land to land. So, you need a lot of focus and a creative mind. Agriculture of this sort relies on everyone’s collaboration, intelligence and creativity. And everyone is important.” (Female farmer)
“The biggest difference between conventional farmers and organic farmers is that organic farmers feel peace of mind, they know that they’re doing the right thing. This is the underlying reason, they know that they are working at their best, that their cultivation methods are superior in quality, without compromises, and that there is no one to tell them what they should do, to give them chemicals. They know that they are working healthy fields, not sick fields constantly in need of chemicals for this and that.” (Female farmer)
Basing their work largely on their own abilities and resources, they feel more responsible, autonomous and free of constraints than when they used conventional methods and were highly dependent on external inputs.
“I decided to work the land with my own hands because I have always liked nature. As a child, I went to the countryside and I spent entire days observing the colors, the light, the shapes of nature. Being able to do a job that would bring me back to a place that was natural to me was the right choice. Obviously, it is not all bucolic and effortless. You are faced with all the problems of a much more difficult type of agriculture that puts you in direct correlation with nature, makes you use your brain. No technician comes along to tell you what to do. There are no technicians in organic rice farming. It’s all up to us. So, this also makes you more perceptive.” (Female farmer)
They believe that organic farming is a means of reducing costs and earning the right income for a decent life. When they practiced conventional cropping, most of their revenues were used to pay consultants and suppliers, and the margins to live with dignity were limited.
“I hope I’ll have a proud future, not a meagre one, not only in economic terms, but also from the point of view of the dignity of my work, which has something to give to everyone. I want to keep doing this with my head held high and I want those who will come after me to be able to do the same, with the same pride, the same determination, the same will to do it well.” (Young male farmer)
They find satisfaction working in contact with the land and aesthetic pleasure in the observation of nature: They believe that organic farming is the only way to preserve the beauty of nature and live in harmony with it.
“This is the land I got from my ancestors, my father and grandfather. I am proud to own it and I have always felt the responsibility of owning this land. The choice of going organic developed over many years, out of the awareness that we belong to nature and, as nature’s children, we are called upon to practice farming that respects nature, that loves it.” (Female farmer)
Their mission is to prove that organic rice cultivation can be carried out seriously and transparently.
They express their opinions and values with a very high level of emotional engagement. “Years ago, if I had had to imagine what my future business and my profession would be like, I would have never imagined, never even dreamed, that I could reach such a high level of satisfaction, creation of common work, collaboration with other farmers, with universities, with the Ministry. Not in my wildest dreams. I am so very happy.” (Female farmer)
In the network, they have created a physical, epistemic, and emotional space in which they meet and engage in shared knowledge production, free of power relations.
A young male farmer says: “During our meetings, it happens that at the start I have an opinion and, by the end, I have changed my mind completely. For someone like me, that is pretty strange. It’s not easy for me to admit that my ideas were not so good after all. This is what happens in our group. The discussions and sharing all together, each with their own opinions, allow us to come up with new, better ideas. This is possible since all points of view are equally important and no one is judged because of what they say.”
A female farmer adds: “We didn’t keep anything to ourselves, if one of us found out how to do something, they would tell the others: look, this is how you can do it. (…) I don’t necessarily say the right things. Someone else might see things differently and have the right intuition for that situation. Then, when all’s said and done, I will also agree that what that person said was right…”
Speaking about the professor who is a member of the network, another female farmer says: “He was very smart, he said: I have nothing to teach you from a technical point of view. It is you who should teach me. You know all the methods. We got on well with him, because he’s an intelligent person, he gets things right away. That’s how this participated research came about. He had twelve serious businesses to collaborate with.”
In such a space, practices and emotions are both valued and legitimated. Many of the members of the group state that they have become friends and that this has allowed them to overcome the sense of loneliness widespread among organic rice farmers, which continues to be one of the main motivations for participating in the activities of the group.
A female farmer says: “We’ve also become friends, because we have met very often, we have shared many things. We spend whole days together, so we socialize, we share our problems, the nice moments, our emotions too, like the storks on the electricity poles, the frogs hopping all around, some strange bird we saw for the first time, the selfies… (…) In my opinion, this is another step in participatory research. It counts too. It has been a big help because we don’t feel lonely… Otherwise, you know, they tell you you’re odd, you’re a fool, why should you bother when you can just spray something, since no one checks anyway… so you start feeling isolated, very much so. I think it is greatly appreciated and it is the right way forward.”
The fact that agronomic science and agricultural practice are very close has fostered their mutual understanding. They speak a common language, but what has truly brought them together is the sharing of a common mission, vision, and responsibility.
The peculiarity of the RBV network is that it is made up of people that have different degrees of authority and knowledge, and yet come together. Power differences (which inevitably exist between farmers, government officials, academics, etc.) are overcome and, although the more charismatic people act as leaders, the network is not hierarchical, since each member has put a collective goal (i.e., the research objectives) before their professional aims (i.e., profit, publications, etc.). This entails more relaxed interactions, as the spirit of collaboration seems to reduce the dynamics of power normally expressed in a competitive environment.
A young female researcher says: “I used to work in another university and I was very frustrated. The way of doing research was oriented toward competition and I didn’t like that, but I saw no alternative. That was how the system worked and I was a newcomer, I counted for nothing. Then, one day, I was at a congress, sitting next to the professor who was my thesis advisor. A colleague from our group was presenting some results, which came largely from my field work. I had worked so hard for my PhD. And this colleague was showing an article, bearing the names of all the people in the workgroup, except mine. I looked again, I thought I had to be wrong. I turned toward my professor and he said: ‘See how nasty we can be?’. I wanted to cry. But that moment made me understand that I had to change. I came here and I started working on this project, together with the farmers. I might never have a university career, but this work gives me satisfaction. I spend time in the fields with the farmers and I learn a great deal from them. We have published in international journals and we have put the names of all the farmers involved, specifically to acknowledge their contribution.”
Future of the network
The network defines itself as open and inclusive, but it has not established rules for the admission of new members, and applications to join made by other producers are assessed very carefully by the member farmers. The key requirement is to adhere to the principles of seriousness that characterize the network and, until now, this has been assessed through direct knowledge of the rice growers and their fields. During the process of inclusion of new farmers, the importance of relationships based on trust means that applicants are accepted only if they are considered “true organic”, beyond any official certification.
The network also features some public officials belonging to the institutions tasked with shaping policies for the transformation of rural areas, but so far, no initiative has been launched to stimulate a formal dialogue with these institutions.
The farmers are very directly involved in the network, appreciate the research activity and equal relationship with the researchers, and intend to formalize it in the near future. For their part, the researchers find this kind of work promising and engaging. The environmental outcomes of supporting a group of pioneering farmers involved in the difficult conversion to organic production justify the commitment of public personnel (researchers and officials), at least for now. In the future, the role of both researchers and officials will need to be redefined to avoid criticism for supporting a private group. The scaling-up of the research focus from mainly agronomic interests to the pursuit of sustainable development goals may also eventually motivate public participation. A workshop to understand if and how to incorporate the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 into the network has been conducted, but it has not led to any concrete assumption of responsibility.
The RBV network is a group of diverse actors from the organic rice sector participating in collective, self-planned, and self-developed research. Farmers, scientists, extension agents, government officials, and business managers are co-learning and co-producing knowledge and innovation. This public–private partnership is a voluntary, multi-year relationship that addresses the needs of the organic rice farmers, as well as those of the territory and the community, i.e., environmental issues and integrity of the supply chain.
An effective process of scientific and local knowledge sharing is taking place within the network. Cooperation is based on mutual trust and a common concern, i.e., how to shift from high-input cropping to organic farming, with the ultimate goal of protecting the environment and human well-being. The members’ active participation is mainly due to the fact that the activities carried out originate from real needs and concrete research questions.
The network follows a loosely structured agenda that allows for the continuous inclusion of new matters related to organic rice farming. In contrast to traditional research projects, which are planned in advance and leave little room for changes in goals, activities and methods, the spontaneous nature of this group generates high variability in the issues addressed, constantly reorienting its approach toward the emerging research questions.
This is a self-building group, formed around existing social relations, but inclusive and flexible: the joining of new actors (i.e., additional farmers, researchers skilled in specific topics, supply chain operators, etc.) is actively pursued through dissemination activities.
The participants show a very high degree of commitment and responsibility. The most evident sign of this is the considerable amount of time dedicated to research, both on the farms and in the regular meetings. All the members of the network are equally involved in the process of (i) defining the research questions and the activities to answer such questions, (ii) managing the research activities and the network’s organization, (iii) finding the resources needed for the research, inside and outside the network, and (iv) interpreting and evaluating the results. Such engagement is what makes them responsible, which is further confirmed by their strong motivation to disseminate the research results among other stakeholders outside the network.
Their involvement in the research process is transformative for the participants, who clearly admit that, by joining the network, they have changed their practices but also their ideas and beliefs. Such learning can create further transformations both in the sector and in the territory. Thanks to their intense communication work, the project findings are shared with other farmers and stakeholders and the network’s perspectives are brought to the attention of the institutions tasked with decisions on the transformation of rural areas. It will be interesting to follow the evolution of this network, so as to understand if it will essentially remain a group of friends engaged in collaborative research activities or if it will be able to develop into a model of innovation for the sector and an interlocutor for public decision-makers. In order to become an actor in the scientific and political debate, the network will probably need a more organized structure and include other relevant stakeholders, such as consumers, rural dwellers, and environmental NGOs.
Home and Rump analyze 17 European Learning and Innovation Networks in Sustainable Agriculture (LINSAs) as part of the EU transdisciplinary research project SOLINSA. LINSAs are defined as networks of producers, consumers, experts, NGOs, SMEs, local administrations, researchers, and/or extensionists who are mutually engaged in pursuing common goals for sustainable agriculture and rural development, cooperating, sharing resources, and co-producing new knowledge by creating the right conditions for communication. Our case fits this definition perfectly. Home and Rump (Ibidem) recognize a wide variety of network typologies: from local scale to national or transnational; from small, simple homogenous networks to large, complex and diverse networks with multiple actors and “networks of networks”; from incremental to radical innovation; from top–down to bottom-up origin; and with several action fields, including non-food oriented, food production oriented and consumer oriented. Their study shows that LINSAs may emerge from small groups of farmers or may be inspired by individuals; they may develop as the formalization of an existing diffuse network or grow through a progressive process of co-opting local groups. Their size can vary from small (about 30 members), as in our case study, to about 100,000 farmers and 2,500 facilitators. Compared with the case studies presented by the two authors, our network has the following key characteristics:
Trans-regional scale (several regions of northern Italy);
Small dimension and simple structure;
Heterogeneous participation in terms of gender and age, but more homogeneous participation in terms of experiences and values (e.g., all the members are oriented toward the production of organic rice) and categories involved (consumers and NGOs are not present);
Commitment to both radical innovations (transition from conventional to organic rice) and incremental innovations;
Spontaneous, bottom–up origin;
Various action fields, including food production oriented, non-food oriented (environmental impact) and consumer oriented;
Low degree of formality;
Loose network with closed boundaries (participation in the network is voluntary, but the inclusion of new members appears to be contingent on sharing the same values, i.e., conventional farmers not willing to change are not accepted).
Participatory network experiences, especially for organic production, can be improved by considering the results of our analysis. In particular, in line with evidence from other studies , the importance of a supporting environment that facilitates and coordinates the learning processes is confirmed. What our case study highlights is that this environment can also be hardly structured or formalized. Indeed, it appears that the informal nature of the network is one of the key factors in its success.
As in Mukute and Lotz-Sisitka , collective learning happens when a group of people with different experiences and perspectives work together on the same issues and seek to jointly develop new knowledge or tools to address problems. As in Benton and Craib , in the learning process there is an emancipatory intent that is committed to changing unsatisfactory and oppressive realities, such as the socioeconomic and ethical crisis in the rice sector that started in 2014.
As Von Münchhausen and Häring conclude, farmer–university networks function effectively if all their participants are considered equal partners. The findings of our research confirm the results of Home and Rump who analyzed 17 networks, concluding with the identification of common factors that contribute to successful collaboration. Among these is the need to identify and build a working relationship with key partners, based on mutual trust and commitment, to strike a balance between guidance and listening, interactions and freedom, and to pursue positive and critical reflection—a fragile equilibrium that is difficult and time consuming to establish.
As in Mendez et al. , mutual learning takes place thanks to reciprocated trust, commitment and responsibility by all actors. These processes are favored by shared values. As a professor in our network points out, “Science is not neutral; it is not aseptic. Passion, ethics, values, ideals, and vision must be part of research.”
Mutual understanding is fostered by the use of a common language, both technical and methodological. Although applied for the first time in the network, the participatory approach has been fully espoused by its members. Despite being no experts in participation techniques, the network members understand and approve the reasons for participation.
The farmers involved in the network are well educated, unlike most farmers, and this aspect may influence their ability to speak a common language, comprehended by both the researchers and the other farmers.
The conversion to organic is often seen as a matter of procedures codified by regulations for a given period of time. For farmers, however, as the case study shows, conversion does not restrict itself to these procedures, but entails transformations that transcend any legal period and definition and have to do with the learning process that occurs in the network.
Our study results contribute to the participatory research approach by showing that personal values and attitudes are crucial. These certainly originate in the professional and human paths of the people involved, but can be developed both in education and training courses and through coaching and tutoring initiatives by other farmers and researchers who have had similar positive experiences.
Agroecology is an alternative development model to the failure of the traditional top–down innovation approach. It is said to be a knowledge intensive—as opposed to input intensive—agricultural practice [3, 24]. Agroecology is also defined as the integration of scientific disciplines, agricultural practices, and social movements . Hence, it requires an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge and pluralism in the ways of knowing. Participatory research, that is a transdisciplinary process, can therefore be seen as the right approach for the transition to agroecology. However, participatory processes need skillful researchers and farmers who have the ability to implement them and are willing to engage in the collaboration themselves. If we look at the matter from a sectoral perspective, the development of human capital receives little attention in the CAP. As highlighted by several recent studies, reforms are needed in this respect. A key suggestion that can be drawn from our case study is that of investing in the development of human capital and in the education of farmers and researchers in an integrated and coordinated way, so that they can develop skills in both agroecology practice and participatory research, designing new curricula in technical schools and universities and promoting the exchange of experiences between networks. A strong push toward education in farming is needed. Initial training is of national competence and agricultural education systems vary widely throughout the EU. But better integration between school and academic education and lifelong training is planned for the future through the European Social Fund and the CAP’s second pillar on Rural Development . The future of European Participatory Research Networks can benefit from this integration. At the same time, bringing together complementary types of knowledge in a transdisciplinary approach, they can support that integration in innovative ways.
Availability of data and materials
The data supporting the findings of this study (audio and video recordings of the interviews; direct observation notes) are not publicly available, as they contain information that may compromise the privacy of those participating in the research, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors acknowledge with gratitude the active involvement of the Riso Bio Vero network members and their willingness to tell their stories and share their thoughts. The interpretations in this article remain the authors’ own.
This study was carried out as part of the Riso-Biosystems three-year project (2017-2019), funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies to study and promote organic rice. The funding body does not have any role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data and in the writing of the manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was conducted in compliance with the CNR Code of Conduct of 10/20/2017, whose observance is supervised by the Institute Director, and in compliance with the University of Milan’s Code of Ethics and for Research Integrity, issued by Rectoral Decree 224/2019 of 18/01/2019.
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Pagliarino, E., Orlando, F., Vaglia, V. et al. Participatory research for sustainable agriculture: the case of the Italian agroecological rice network. Eur J Futures Res 8, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-020-00166-9
- Rice farming
- Participatory research
- Case study | agronomy |
http://summertimemarket.blogspot.com/2009/05/seedy-salt-bread.html | 2018-07-20T19:46:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591831.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720193850-20180720213850-00350.warc.gz | 0.975809 | 213 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__163450428 | en | YES! It’s true; we will have “that” bread! Lots of you have been asking, so I’m very excited to confirm it is true. It’s now called Salt Of The Earth, "Home of the original Seedy Salt bread" and is still be made by Mari and Chris Reijmerink. Mari and Chirs with the help of their daughter Hazel also have an organic fruit farm called Kismet Organics.
Mari and Chris have a very interesting story. They met in the Netherlands working/volunteering at a non-profit farm that blends social outreach with outdoor activities and farm life. When returning to the states for a visit they decided to stay, marry, and farm. Their farm is located in Fennville and started with a 50-year-old pear orchard that they spent 2 years renovating. Now they have expanded to include many fruits: strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, peaches, currents, gooseberries, and heirloom tomatoes. | agronomy |
http://theorganicfarmer.org/category/poultry | 2017-04-24T01:35:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118950.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00620-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.946188 | 492 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__172225226 | en | Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Wed, 04/12/2017 - 10:41
Poultry farming is a major economic activity among rural and even urban farmers in Kenya. However, the cost of feeds is so high that farmers find it difficult to buy commercial feeds. Making own feeds at home, reduces costs and increases profit.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Tue, 11/01/2016 - 08:37
Unlike in the past when most consumers in urban areas preferred to eat broilers, today consumers both in rural and urban areas have a high demand for local chicken more than broilers. Most food outlets in both urban and rural areas are often flooded with consumers demanding local chicken.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Thu, 02/11/2016 - 06:08
Foot Pad Dermatitis is a common problem of chicken reared under intensive housing systems but farmers ignore it due to lack of knowledge. Foot Pad Dermatitis (FPD) also known as foot burn is a common condition amongst commercially reared turkey poults (young turkeys) and broilers.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Thu, 08/13/2015 - 13:57
More and more farmers are discovering the advantage of using egg incubators. They want to improve poultry keeping; some even try to commercialize this business. The venture is highly profitable as there is a big demand for chickens.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Wed, 01/28/2015 - 22:44
Many poultry farmers assume that indigenous chickens can fend on their own especially when put on free range. But, this is not the case. Chicken require thorough care; feeding, housing, disease control and protection from predators.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Wed, 01/28/2015 - 22:43
Many farmers rush to buy new chicken breeds coming into the market without knowing their qualities only to end up with regrets and losses. Poultry keeping is now one of the most popular agribusiness enterprises that many people in Kenya want to go into.
Submitted by theorganicfarmer on Wed, 01/28/2015 - 22:29
Chickens are very vulnerable to diseases. Farmers can, however, keep away diseases through proper feeding, housing, hygiene and regular vaccinations. Some poultry diseases can wipe out an entire flock or reduce the chickens' production potential. | agronomy |
http://www.sdnotill.com/ | 2019-02-19T17:46:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247490806.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219162843-20190219184843-00237.warc.gz | 0.909662 | 138 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__35963913 | en | "It is natural for a soil to be covered with vegetation, and
when the land is continually under the plow and only one crop is
grown, an unnatural condition exists, and as a result there is a
loss of fertility.”
Harry Snyder, University of Minnesota Soil Scientist, 1900
The purpose of the South
Dakota No-Till Association is to promote, advance and improve
agriculture through the utilization of no-till farming methods.
To encourage, aid and conduct research of no-till farming
practices and disseminate educational information to producers
using or wanting to use no-till cropping systems. | agronomy |
http://onlinedeliverywala.com/product/turnip/ | 2018-02-21T17:21:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813691.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221163021-20180221183021-00582.warc.gz | 0.970833 | 215 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__51609643 | en | Turnips are very low calorie root vegetables; carry just 28 calories per 100 g. Nonetheless, they are very good source of anti-oxidants, minerals, vitamins and dietary fiber.A turnip is a white-skinned root vegetable that has become globally popular both for human consumption and livestock feed. Scientifically known as Brassica rapa, turnips are commonly grown in temperate areas across the globe, and is cultivated for the nutritional value and taste of the root. Turnip greens are also consumed in some parts of the world as a cruciferous vegetable, and there is a slightly different nutrient profile between the leaves and the root. These leaves, however, are often bitter and must be boiled down to be palatable, much like mustard greens. Turnips have also been known as an important part of the human diet for the better part of two thousand years. Countries from Brazil, England and Japan to Iran, the United States and Norway all have their own culinary takes on turnips, and have made them a mainstay in their cultural meals for centuries. | agronomy |
https://upkeen.com/free-tips-to-use-the-covering-material-on-crops/ | 2024-04-21T12:21:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817765.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421101951-20240421131951-00124.warc.gz | 0.917448 | 1,607 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__184848657 | en | Table of Contents
Modern man is ready for any whims of nature. We have long learned to protect ourselves from both severe frosts and forty-degree heat. But our favourite seedlings in such conditions are much more difficult to survive. Therefore, our task is to come to their aid at the right time and use greenhouse covering. The best plant protection product is a greenhouse covering material. And if you want to appreciate all greenhouse materials benefits, then this article is for you.
Why do you need a greenhouse covering material
Any experienced gardener will say that you should not count on an early and abundant harvest without greenhouse covering material. For decades, backyard owners have been helped out by plastic wrap. But, with all the advantages of the film, non-woven greenhouse covering material is much more popular today. Consider the main advantages of non-woven greenhouse covering material:
- It has a unique porous structure that allows air and moisture to pass through, maintain a good microclimate;
- Possesses excellent heat-saving properties;
- Protects from direct sunlight;
- When watering, you can not remove it from the garden;
- Unlike film coating, nonwoven fabric protects plants from sudden temperature fluctuations;
- The material is extremely durable. It contains an ultraviolet stabilizer. This allows you to increase its service life up to several seasons.
Next, I will talk in more detail about situations in which you cannot do without greenhouse covering material.
- The period of spring frosts. Spring is a wonderful but very moody season. Home-grown favorite seedlings have already been planted in the ground and suddenly there are frosts on the soil up to minus five. Surviving in such conditions is not an easy task. But only if we have not protected our plants in a timely manner. Almost weightless and translucent material can work wonders. It will perfectly keep warm and will not let the frost inside.
- Sharp changes in night and day temperatures will not ruin our seedlings if you use non-woven greenhouse covering material. On a cold night it will warm them, and on a sunny day it will protect them from burns.
- The moisture deficit on a hot day will not be so noticeable. The soil under the coating will not dry out for a long time, even in conditions of prolonged absence of watering.
- Excess sunlight. Sometimes plants really need shade. It is very easy to create it with a covering material. Sometimes it’s enough to just throw it on top. Although, if necessary, it can be easily fixed on arcs or in any other way.
- Weed and pest control. This is a unique property of the black greenhouse covering material. Spread on the ground, it will let moisture through, but will stop the sunlight. Without it, biochemical reactions cannot take place in the tissues of the weeds, and they will die very quickly. Pest insects will begin to experience difficulties with orientation in space and will stop reproducing.
- An excellent option to save time and effort. Although, of course, it is not worth covering the entire area with sheeting for greenhouse. The dark material will retain its UV-stabilising layer for two months before becoming ineffective.
Also Read: How to protect crops from birds 2020
How to choose a greenhouse covering material
The range of greenhouse sheeting material is wide enough. It differs:
- by density;
- by color.
White greenhouse sheeting covering material is bought much more often than black, and the most important parameter of the greenhouse sheeting covering material is its density.
- The thinnest and lightest white greenhouse material has a density of up to 30 g / m2. It is used to protect crops from spring frosts and abundant sunlight. They cover young seedlings, berries, flower beds. It is fixed around young seedlings of fruit trees.
- White linen sheets for greenhouse, with a density of 30-60 g / m2 will help protect fruit and ornamental crops in winter. If a canvas of this density is pulled over a frame made of arcs or a greenhouse, then the plants under such a shelter will be able to withstand frosts up to 10 degrees.
- Black sheeting for greenhouse is intended primarily for the destruction of weeds and pests. Its density is 50-60 g / m2. Most often, it is spread on garden strawberry plantations. Although, if desired, you can apply this method of weed control in vegetable beds, borders and garden paths.
- If necessary, you can find a yellow covering material. It is of interest to those who are involved in the cultivation of nightshades.
- Another option is a two-layer covering material. The bottom and top surfaces are not only painted in different colors, but also serve different purposes. The underside is painted black and serves as a mulch. The white, yellow or foil face reflects light. With its help, plants receive additional lighting.
The covering material is sold in rolls or packaged lengths. The width of the web in a roll varies from 1 to 6 meters. You choose the length yourself, based on your needs. The cut size is indicated on the package. The width can be from 0.8 to 3.2 m, and the length is up to 10 m.
Types of greenhouse covering materials
The most popular types of best greenhouse covering material today are:
- Spunbond. White or black material with a density of 20 to 60 gsm. White works well for protection from spring frost and summer shelter for shade-loving plants. Black is a reliable weed control. It has a very high puncture resistance.
- Agril. Designed specifically for weed control. The material is breathable, so the soil under it always remains loose and saturated with oxygen. The roots of cultivated plants retain access to nutrients. Used for mulching in strawberry and vegetable beds, protects plants from cold weather.
- Lutrasil. Performs the same functions as agril. Available in black and white. Density options are different.
- Geotextile. Versatile and very durable polyester fibre fabric. It is characterised not only by good covering properties, but also by a very long service life.
- Agrotex. Designed to kill weeds and pests. Has a perforated structure. Very lightweight. Resistant to temperature fluctuations. Available in black and yellow.
- Lumitex. Soft corrugated agricultural canvas, capable of reflecting harmful and transmitting beneficial rays of the sun to plants.
How to use the greenhouse covering material correctly
There are probably no special subtleties when using a sheeting for greenhouse in an open area. Strong, durable and easy to use. You just need to decide on the number of square meters required for your needs, and the density of the fabric. But if you decide to use it to cover the greenhouse, then you should pay attention to the following points:
- High density material is suitable for greenhouses and greenhouses. The reinforced version is best suited.
- It is better to fasten the covering material to a greenhouse made of plastic pipes with the help of special clamps (you can also use suitable clamps for water supply or office binders).
- The fit of the material to the frame should be tight enough so that the fabric does not strain in the wind and does not tear.
- It is better to remove the cover for the winter. This will extend its service life.
To the advantages of the covering material, you can also add much less harm to nature, which we inflict in the process of its disposal, in comparison with the film.
If you have not yet experienced this unique, versatile and at the same time very inexpensive material in your garden, do it. Your plants will certainly reward you with an early and abundant harvest. | agronomy |
http://ywcourseworkaghy.ecommercegateway.info/gmo-crops-technology-that-can-harm-humans-in-the-future.html | 2018-11-13T21:56:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741510.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113215316-20181114001316-00307.warc.gz | 0.946118 | 1,112 | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__108034828 | en | Because genetically modified crops require less ploughing and chemical usage, gm technology can reduce fossil fuel and co2 emissions genetic engineering can therefore help to ameliorate the effects of agriculture on the environment. As noted above, humans have been genetically modifying crops for some 10,000 years - using selective cross-breeding using this definition, most of the staple crops we use have been genetically modified but critics have expressed concern about moving this process from the field and into a lab (17). Gmo crops have been a money-maker for herbicide companies—and as crops have been modified to be herbicide-resistant, herbicide use increases for companies making gmo seeds and associated herbicides, that's a lot of power over something as critical as how we feed ourselves. How these results affect regulation can be found through the center for environmental risk assessment, which hosts a gm crop database that can be searched by the public to find gmo crop history, style of modification, and regulation across the world [3. Gmo is the future genetically modified foods have been tested over and over again never revealing any problems, the test that show rats getting cancer and tumors, where frauds.
Gm crops are being cultivated in almost 30 countries for the past 20 years without a single proven instance of any harm to any human or animal being. The promise that genetically modified crops could help feed the world is at least as old as the commercialization of the first transgenic seeds in the mid-1990s used directly for human food. The harm of genetically modified organisms genetic modification is when the genetic make-up of a living organism is altered (1) this can be done by changing an existing section of dna or by inserting a new gene (4. Gm crops and the environment the debate over the environmental impact of genetically modified (gm) crops is growing increasingly complex, intense, and extremely emotional it is further complicated as new research is published.
The technology is changing so rapidly, we needed to see where it is taking us in the future, said fred gould, chairman of the nas committee on genetically engineered crops, which conducted. We now have genetic tools to pre-adapt crops to future, stand up when gmo technology is misused for exploiting society a herbicide which they know to cause significant harm to humans. 82 to date, countries where genetically modified crops have been introduced in fields, have reported no significant health damage or environmental harm moreover, farmers are using less pesticides or using less toxic ones, reducing harm to water supplies and workers' health, and allowing the return of beneficial insects to the fields.
525 new genetically modified crops are being developed that can withstand environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, or the presence of aluminum in the environment they may permit cultivation of soils that are presently of low productivity for agriculture. Nearly 2,000 sheep have died after grazing on gmo cotton crops and were found to have server toxicity and inflammation of intestines and the same toxin exists in gmo foods intended for future release to people, starting in asia and africa. Gm crops are being cultivated in almost 30 countries for the past 20 years without a single proven instance of any harm to any human or animal being the bogey of genetic contamination and genetic pollution by gm crops has been misused by anti-gm activists for too long without any scientific basis.
The gmos are also used for mass scale production of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals, such as the production of human insulin from genetically engineered bacteria, and the recombinant hepatitis b vaccine from genetically modified baker's yeast. However, genetically modified crops grown in the eu amount to only a few thousand hectares (∼003% of the world production), 6 which is probably a reflection of european opposition to this technology in contrast, food derived from gm plants is ubiquitous in the usa. The future of gmo tech looms eerily above unnoticed to the general public — even to many gmo activists there is a serious need to fight gmos in foods on the front lines, but it's not too late to realize that their real ace has yet to be played. The future of gmo crops: a summary of the application of this technology golden rice grain compared to white rice grain in screenhouse of golden rice plants.
We're making things that were industrial crops into human crops that's good for diversity in growing and for consumers who would like to buy their food locally agriculture has a long history of developing things to fit market need. Some gmo corn crops can protect harvests in water-limited conditions better than conventionally produced crops other gmos can also promote the use of no-till farming, which keeps more moisture in the soil.
Genetically modified organisms (gmos) are food crops that have been engineered to increase yields, hardiness and resistance to herbicides this genetic engineering creates plant, animal and bacteria food groups that do not occur in nature there is much controversy over the issue of gmo safety and. The genes inserted into the gmo crops produce new proteins into the human diet, which may be allergenic and toxic in a study published in the journal of applied toxicology in 2012, researchers proved that bt toxins can exert toxicity on human cells. Drought resistant gmo crops and bt crops (which allow farmers to use fewer to no pesticides) are two examples of how ge technology can be used by farmers to farm more sustainably, in ways that positively impact their communities. | agronomy |
http://lauriec99.blogspot.com/2011/05/victorious.html | 2018-07-16T00:48:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589029.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716002413-20180716022413-00391.warc.gz | 0.982831 | 121 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__222993419 | en | My strategy has worked. I have tried growing broccoli several times now, and never been successful. The plants I have now are the most advanced version of cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower I have ever managed, and by golly I'd like to keep them going! We picked several cabbage worms off the broccoli and cabbages this week, so I began a daily inspection. I started putting the worms in a little bowl on the side of the garden bed to entice the birds to do their part. I just caught a cardinal and his mate having a fabulous mother's day buffet in the brassicas! | agronomy |
https://windwardcoffee.com/collections/captains-table/products/ethiopia-yirgacheffe | 2020-07-11T05:09:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655921988.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711032932-20200711062932-00575.warc.gz | 0.966783 | 307 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__161942560 | en | This clean and delicate coffee delights your senses with flavor notes of jasmine and lemon zest that come alive in your cup. To make it even better, it's topped off with an "ahhhh"-inducing aroma of freshly cut flowers. These are heirloom variety beans grown at altitudes of nearly 6,000-ft by very smallhold farmers near the tiny village of Chelchele which is located in the Kochere district of the Yirgacheffe region.
This lot was processed at the Chelchele washing station and was produced using the washed process where ripe beans are harvested then sorted in a water bath. There, the ripe fruit sinks while bad or unripe fruit floats to the top where it is separated. The ripe fruit is then depulped by fermenting the beans for a period of time in a bath of water & natural microbes and then washed with large amounts of clean, flowing water. The thoroughly cleaned beans are then spread on raised beds to dry in the sun for several days.
The result is a very high quality, very tasty cup of coffee we think you'll enjoy in those quiet moments alone and in the company of good friends and family. Recommended for drip and French press preparations, excellent as an AeroPress.
(Almost) Free Samples Available Now
We understand the challenges of ordering coffee online so to take the worry out, let us treat you to a free pot! You can get your own not-quite famous "Almost" Free Sample here. | agronomy |
https://mowersplus.co.uk/garden-machinery/garden-roller | 2018-01-18T04:00:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887065.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118032119-20180118052119-00307.warc.gz | 0.869705 | 527 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__10278661 | en | Gwaza 3036 4ft Grass Roller / 1200mm52 inch overall width with a 48 inch working width Drum 4mm thick, 355mm dia.Easy fill fitting for adding waterWeight = 67.8kgAdd water to drum for a 380lbs/172kg t..
Gwaza 3037 5ft Grass Roller / 1500mm 360mm dia. 64 inch overall width with a 60 inch working width Drum = 3mm thick Easy fill fitting for adding waterWeight = 79.25kg Add water to drum for a 440lbs/20..
- A trailed Flat Roller for the maintenance of paddocks, pasture land and sports pitches.FEATURES - - Trailed Flat roller for grass land and cultivated ground.- Can be filled with water for extra wei..
The BR150/180 has a 1.5m or 1.8m wide roller which is robustly made with a heavy wall diameter for strength and performance.All Farm applicationsAny farm that needs a roller will benefit from having a..
FEATURES -This unit must be used in conjunction with the 36" roller/tool carrierThe slitter is designed to break down the surface pan of the grass to improve drainage and air penetration to the roots...
This unit must be used in conjuction with either the towed or mounted frame.The carrier frame fitted with the roller attachment is an ideal tool to "firm up" grassed areas in the spring before the hea..
This unit must be used in conjuction with either the towed or mounted frame.The Sorrel roller attachment is ideal to break up crust that forms on compacted soil. The spikes penetrate the surface which..
This unit must be used in conjunction with the 60" carrier frame.The Sorrel roller attachment is ideal to break up crust that forms on compacted soil. The spikes penetrate the surface which allows the..
This small metal roller is very useful in areas where a larger roller can not be worked. It can be used behind low horse power tractors (10hp), or by hand with the optional hand conversion kit. To gai..
The Handy Towed Garden Roller tackles uneven ground, flattens cultivated soil of the lumps and bumps. Being towed, it makes any job go smoothly. Fill the drum and roll for a smooth lawn.Specification:..
The 1.5m Wessex Country LR-150 Land Roller is perfect for maintenance of lawns, paddocks and pitches. Whether you tow it behind a compact tractor, a 4x4, or an ATV, the Country Land Roller will provid.. | agronomy |
https://murillofreshfoods.com/products/life-and-milk-beef/ | 2024-02-27T01:08:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00838.warc.gz | 0.891848 | 197 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__167935675 | en | LIFE AND SUCKER BEEF
We have different types of feed for cows, both wet nurse in different periods up to the high producing dairy cows.
For high milk production cow’s feed, we offer personalized advice on nutrition to all our customers.
Our nutritionists visit , analyze and provide advice directly to the farmer, studing their needs, problems and resources, maximizing the use of their own resources through portions, the analyze of fodder and the ways of farm management… In this way we get an increased productivity hence profitability of the farm.
BREEDING WET NURSE COWS
V-1. Flour feed for cows in period of mating and breeding.
MAINTENANCE WET NURSE COWS
V-2. Flour feed for maintenance of empty cows.
VL-1. Flour feed of high production for dairy cows, it fits the needs of each client at all times of the cycle. | agronomy |
https://www.beachandbartolo.com/2021/07/08/jessica-nayowith-celebrates-13-years-at-beach-bartolo-realtors/ | 2021-12-07T02:49:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363332.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207014802-20211207044802-00392.warc.gz | 0.968517 | 146 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__80844487 | en | Congratulations to Jessica Nayowith for 13 years of working with Beach & Bartolo Realtors. Get to know more about Jessica below.
A Philadelphia native, Jessica spent all her childhood summers on an apple orchard in Columbia County and became a full-time resident in 1994. She has been a hydroponic farmer and has grown gourmet mushrooms for local restaurants.
Having been a stay-at-home mom to two young daughters for six years, Jess’ love of working with people and her interest in real estate led her to Beach and Bartolo and is proud to join its professional and well respected team.
Jess also volunteers for a local charity and is a free-lance reporter for a local newspaper. | agronomy |
https://www.caudata.org/threads/guppies-breeding-food-for-axolotls.22974/page-6 | 2023-10-01T15:01:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510903.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001141548-20231001171548-00366.warc.gz | 0.947542 | 209 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__91998897 | en | Of course Willowcat - sensible discussion is what this forum should be about.This poisoning is a serious subject and we "all" should be on a level playing field in discussing the problems that comes from it.
May I count you in?
You can buy worms online from organic gardening supplies, bait suppliers etc. or if you have suitable 'clean' soil to harvest from you can attract worms with damp cardboard (as mentioned above) or an old pair of jeans (!), slices of cooked potato or mash. You need untreated compost and a large bucket with lid (make air holes with a hot pin) to keep them in. Feed them cooked veg scraps, especially potatoes.Looking to buy a tub of earthworms for my axies, does anyone know of a good place to buy ? , thank you
If you use the medium sized ones to feed to axies - finger sized but without a breeding saddle - you'll never run short. my farm is about to be split in two becasue I have so many worms. | agronomy |
https://www.latinamerikagrupperna.se/2020/05/the-corona-crisis-harms-those-who-feed-us/ | 2023-11-29T01:10:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00743.warc.gz | 0.919668 | 665 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__23069982 | en | Today, on April 17th, the International Day of Peasants’ Struggle, we want to give attention to the people who feed us. We want to highlight the violence and vulnerability that the world’s smallholder farmers are exposed to in the wake of the spread of industrial agriculture and the growing trade in land and natural resources.
The agricultural and food industry is the sector where most human rights defenders and environmentalists are murdered in the world.
Here Sweden is directly complicit. Low food production in Sweden means increased pressure on land and other resources in other parts of the world. State pension (AP) funds’ investments in land in Brazil also directly contribute to environmental degradation and displacement of rural people.
The UN is now warning that the pandemic will increase world hunger. Even before the pandemic, 810 million people suffered from hunger. About 80 percent of those live in rural areas with food production as the main source of income.
The Rural Women’s Assembly in Southern Africa (RWA),has pointed out that there is no strategy for including products from small-scale producers in the supply chain in the pandemic management measures.
Local markets have been forced to close, while those controlled by large industrial food companies are considered socially important and kept open.
This measure affects local farmers economically and reduces public access to food.
The pandemic shows us that small scale farmers are more important than ever to secure access to food in different parts of the world.
Our partner organizations work with agroecological agriculture to withstand this and other crises such as climate breakdown.
In order to reduce the spread of Covid-19, small scale farmers in Argentina and Brazil have organized home deliveries of agro-ecological food at reasonable prices. But the majority of the world’s smallholder farmers lack protection from violence and rights to land, seeds, water and other natural resources.
That is why the global smallholder farmer movement La Via Campesina, together with allies, has worked out a UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas, which was adopted in 2018.
In order to ensure the production and availability of food globally, there must be a change. Through agroecological agriculture and forestry, we can create food preparedness for future crises.
We require the Swedish government to adopt a food strategy with disaster management for the future based on sustainability and food diversity.
We demand that the Swedish government reconsider its previous position on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP) to ensure food security, healthy diets and to protect people from violence, threats and oppression.
This article was jointly prepared by the Makten över maten/Power over Food Network – Eva Jonsson, Board Member of Nordbruk-Vía Campesina, Mikael Sundström, chairperson of Jordens Vänner, Klara Knapp, chairperson of Latinamerikagrupperna, Louise Lindfors, secretary general of Afrikagrupperna, Hanna Dahlström, head of FIAN Sverige, and Josefin Winberg, spokesperson of Framtidsjorden. | agronomy |
http://rootymology.com/young-in-march/ | 2021-09-16T16:47:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053657.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916145123-20210916175123-00656.warc.gz | 0.94567 | 297 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__34618231 | en | It’s been almost a month of cycling and the water’s ph finally dropped to a 7.2ppm reading. Nitrates is at 80ppm, Nitrite 0, Ammonia 0. I’m looking into purchasing a reverse osmosis filter just for topping off the system. The goal is to have a 6.8ppm ph for the plants to absorb all the necessary nutrients it needs. Right now, the lettuce and cucumbers look anemic. Stunted growth, pale in color and slouchy. I’m guessing the weather and humidity has alot to do with it.
So far I’ve tried the USDA seeds from Southern Exposure. The only lettuce variety that seems to do better than the others is the Anuenue lettuce from Hawaii and the Thai Oakleaf lettuce. I switched over to some local seeds that we purchased (not sure from where) I’ll have to ask my partner, and those look promising.
I moved a few into my room where the air-conditioner runs all night to see if there’s a significant difference in the way indoor and outdoor starters grow. Hopefully there is so that I know where the possible problems lie. It’s been 30 days from setup and I’ve only harvested a few pale looking loose leaf lettuces, and some basil. Hopefully next month I can do better, except summer is just around the corner. | agronomy |
https://pedersonsfarms.com/blogs/blog/what-is-grass-fed-beef | 2023-12-01T06:19:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100276.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201053039-20231201083039-00676.warc.gz | 0.952032 | 498 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__69206627 | en | WHAT IS GRASS-FED BEEF AND HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM CORN-FED BEEF?
Before we dive into those details, let’s imagine a bunch of cattle just wandering around, munching on grass. It seems simple, but eating grass as a sole food source is complex and very specific. Here’s why: grass is indigestible to most animals on earth. Yet, grass-fed cows manage to turn it into an efficient fuel for their massive bodies.
Grass-fed beef is beef that comes from cows that are primarily fed grasses, hay, and other forage, as opposed to grain-fed beef, which comes from cows that are fed grains, such as corn and soybeans primarily. While both types of beef are widely available in supermarkets and restaurants, grass-fed beef has become increasingly popular due to its perceived health benefits and environmental advantages.
ARE ALL CATTLE GRASS-FED?
Most cattle raised for livestock these days are not grass-fed. In fact, after World War II, The United States had a vast corn surplus and American farmers increasingly began to feed their cattle grain.
WHY PEDERSON'S BEEF IS GRASS-FED:
Raising grass-fed beef may be more straightforward, healthier, and more humane, but it also takes more land, more time, and more money. Here at Pederson’s Natural Farms, we believe it’s worth it.
That’s why we’re proud to print “grass-fed beef
” on our label. We do things differently than most modern farms do, and we’re proud of it. We want you to know what you’re getting when you buy our beef. You’re getting beef that is 100% organic, grass-fed, and never treated with antibiotics or hormones.
Our cows will never see the inside of a feedlot or finish on corn or any other grain.
We care about what our animals eat because we care about people. We know that grass-fed beef is healthier for you, the cows, the farmers, and the environment.
Besides, we like doing things the old-fashioned way. It’s natural.
We’re glad you’re here, and we hope you come back to read more soon. | agronomy |
http://www.everyvoicecounts.org/sustainable-living-guide | 2017-11-18T08:01:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804680.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118075712-20171118095712-00158.warc.gz | 0.918014 | 668 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__188190842 | en | The Sustainable Living Guide
We have started the Every Voice Living Guide on Sustainable Living, including how to find a property and community that will sustain you, what order to begin setting up your sustainable life, a time line of sustainable living and how to navigate all the information out there! Sign up if you would like to know when it is finished. (link)
In the mean time try to make it along to one of our sustainable garden coaching sessions.
“Lachie is better than Google!”
Maria, workshop participant
Get your own personal Garden Coach working with you to move your self-sufficiency up to the next level.
Expert in designing and creating food-producing gardens, inspirational Garden Coach Lachlan Storrie has a dream: a world where fresh organic food abounds in our backyards, parks and playgrounds. True food security.
On Saturday mornings you are invited to be part of a small group learning practical skills that will transform the way you approach your backyard, balcony or pot plant. (ticket link)
If Australia’s fabulous Central Coast is too far away for you we invite you to trial our video coaching with Lachlan. (sign up button)
Lachlan Storrie, owner of Tree Frog Permaculture, has been designing, creating and teaching about productive food gardens of all sizes for many years. Now he is leading intimate coaching sessions at the new Mandalong Demonstration Garden so you can learn how to get more from your own garden.
Just an hour North of Sydney, half an hour South of Newcastle and en route to the Hunter Valley wineries the Mandalong Demonstration Garden makes a perfect Saturday morning stop-off. Don’t miss this unique opportunity to see a productive food garden in its early stages of design and construction and quiz the designer himself! (ticket link)
Groups will be small and each Saturday morning will cover different topics, depending on the needs and interests of the participants:
- No dig gardens
- Raising plants from seeds and cuttings
- No-weed gardens
- Self-watering gardens
- Using poultry and animals to provide food and save you work
- Creating diversity and resilience
- Creating a place of beauty and peace in your environment
- Developing a healthy, fresh food supply
- Using perennials to reduce your annual workload and increase sustainability
- Planting natives for food and to save you work
- Creating habitat for insects and frogs, your personal pest managers
- Designing your garden to suit your conditions
- Composting, worm farming and mulch
- And much, much more.
Bring your curiosity and questions and leave inspired.
Everyone is warmly welcome and as with any EveryVoiceCounts event you can be sure that our teacher will be inspirational, dedicated, highly experienced and expert at what our Yolngu colleagues call both-ways learning. All EveryVoiceCounts teachers respect the wisdom of their participants and encourage community sharing and support.
Grow Your Green Thumbs workshops are designed for people ready to make progress in their garden so book ahead here as places are strictly limited.
And remember to sign up (link) to find out when we release the Living Guide to Sustainable Living. | agronomy |
https://aquariumedge.com/best-aquaponics-kits/ | 2024-02-21T11:07:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473472.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221102433-20240221132433-00120.warc.gz | 0.94326 | 1,775 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__44637833 | en | To fish tank connoisseurs, aquaponics is one of the most exciting fish tank systems available out there. It is because not only could you nurture your fish pets here, but you could also grow plants. The plants stay above, where they filter the water inside the aquaponics. The fish stays inside the system, where they would provide nutrients to the plants through their waste. There seems to be a mutualistic relationship between. That is why the best aquaponics fish kits are fascinating. There are truly a lot of models and brands that you could choose from online. This makes it daunting to decide on the best one for your homes. There’s nothing to worry though because we have curated a list of the best aquaponics fish kits on the market. To make things easier, we have even listed down their salient characteristics and their prices.
Best Aquaponics Kits
What to Look For in Aquaponics Kits
Before you even attempt to purchase an aquaponics fish kit, you need to know the salient features which should be present in an ideal model. This way, you could provide your fish and plants with a homey habitat. These features will not only suit the living conditions of your plants and fishes but would provide a satisfying addition to your homes as well.
When choosing for the best aquaponics fish kits, one of the first things that you should consider is the material. Usually, these products have a glass or acrylic construction. Glass fish kits are affordable and have a better chance of resisting scratches. Acrylic fish kits, on the other hand, are strong and robust. Other materials include Polyethylene and fiberglass. Whatever material you choose from, you have to make sure that it could block sunlight well. You should also choose the material that has no harmful chemicals such as copper and zinc.
Another feature that you have to consider when choosing an aquaponics fish tank is the shape. Typically, the amount of room you have for your fish is dependent on its shape. A circular tank provides a better water circulation a flow which further improves the water quality and the well-being of the fish. Rectangular fish tanks work as well in providing a good avenue for the fish to swim since their space is wider.
The features which are presented above are just of the things that you should take into consideration before picking the best aquaponics fish kits to use. You should note that the ultimate choice on which among the aquaponics fish kits to purchase will heavily depend on your personal preference.
All Aquaponics Kits
1. Penn Plax Aquaponic Betta Fish Tank
The Penn Plax Aquaponic Betta Fish Tank is an aquaponics fish kit that promotes a healthy environment for your plants and fishes. It includes a plastic plant holder with a ceramic substrate planting material. You can conveniently replicate nature’s cycle and create a healthy habitat for the betta fish. The plant that you place above purifies the water and absorbs the fish waste as nourishment. Since it is easy to clean, you would only need to remove the plant when necessary. This aquaponics fish tank is recommended for betta fish, bloodfin tetra, goldfish, and white cloud minnow.
2. Back to the Roots Mini Aquaponic Ecosystem
The Back to the Roots Mini Aquaponic Ecosystem is a mini aquaponics system that grows organic microgreens on top while having a self-cleaning fish tank below. The fish waste fertilizes the plant, while the plants clean the water. Because of this process, you do not need to change the water weekly. You could also harvest the organic microgreens in just ten days, giving you the freshest ingredients. This kit includes a three-gallon fish tank, a supply of herb and microgreen seeds, grow beds, grow stones, silent water pump, decorative gravel, natural fertilizer, and a water treatment system.
3. Prugna Wall-Hanging Fish Bowl
The PRUGNA Wall-Hanging Fish Bowl is a wall fish kit with a non-easy broken construction. The material is light yet very durable. Not only can you use it to decorate your wall, but you could also maximize your space since it does not need to counter space. This aquaponics is easy to set, just drill screw in the wall and hang it. Since the opening is large enough, you could clean it easily.
4. Sweetsea Wall-Mounted Aquaponic Tank
We also included the Sweetsea Wall-Mounted Aquaponic Tank on our list. This is a highly durable acrylic fish tank bowl that you could mount on the wall, giving you the impression of a hanging fish tank vase. This aquarium is clear and bright. It does not take a whole lot of time to mount this since it is easy to install. It designed well for offices and homes. This wall-mounted feature allows users to save space while efficiently providing a good design. This product is great for keeping fishes such as betta fish and goldfish and a growing planter.
5. Outgeek Wall Hanging Aquarium
The Outgeek Wall Hanging Aquarium is made up of quality acrylic that is clear and durable. You could put plants on it then let your fishes swim on the water. This model has a small hole on the top, making it easy to install. First, you would have to nail this wall anchor on a flat wall then hang this fish tank with the hole. You could use this fish kit at home or in an office.
6. Ecolife Eco-Cycle Aquaponics System
The Ecolife ECO-Cycle Aquaponics System allows you to grow fresh organic produce all year long while taking care of fish. The fishes on this tank can fertilize the plants through their waste. The plant species, on the other hand, could clean the water to give the fish a sustainable system to live in. This model also comprises advanced programmable LED lights that could help the plants grow faster while using less energy. It has a remote control, four grow settings and a built-in timer that would give you the most efficient and convenient system.
7. Ecoqube Aquarium
The EcoQube Aquarium is a low maintenance yet sustainable ecosystem which aquaponics enthusiasts would love. The plant filters the water so you would not need to change it time and again. The fish, on the other hand, provides nutrients to the plants. This fish tank kit is easy to set up as long as you follow the instructions well. What makes this product a remarkable one is that it improves well-being by offering a touch of nature into your homes.
8. Ecoqubec Aquarium – Desktop Betta Fish Tank
If you want a beautiful living decor for your homes or offices, then the EcoQubeC Aquarium
– Desktop Betta Fish Tank could be a good option. Because of its aquaponics system, your fishes and plants could live in a clean and self-sustained ecosystem through their interactions. This product includes the following: remote for LED lights, plant medium, and integrated aquaponics filter. With its low maintenance and easy setup features, you would find joy in using it.
9. Aquasprouts Garden
The AquaSprouts Garden is another one of the best aquaponics fish kits. In this particular model, the plants clean the water for the fish while the fish fertilizes the plants. This tank could grow a variety of herbs, vegetables, and greens annually. In addition to this, the AquaSprouts Garden is a piece of perfect equipment that would allow you to explore how the natural environment works. You could display it at home, office, or school. This model consists of adjustable drain extenders that silence down the water flow.
10. Springworks Microfarm Aquaponic Garden
Completing our list is the Springworks Microfarm Aquaponic Garden. This a self-sustaining aquaponics fish kit that serves as an indoor solution for growing plants throughout the year. The kit includes a tank lid and necessary fittings, a grow bed, lightweight clay aggregate where your plants will grow, a quiet yet efficient pump to move water up to your plants, and a high output light.
After carefully looking into each of the best aquaponics fish kits, you should already have an idea on the model that you are going to buy. Ensure that the kit that you are going to purchase would not only meet all your needs but also offer a safe environment for your plants and fishes. If you have the most suitable product then you could enjoy your hobby even further. | agronomy |
https://www.overbergarborists.com/post/understanding-tree-transplant-shock-and-minimizing-its-impact | 2024-02-27T13:52:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474676.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227121318-20240227151318-00851.warc.gz | 0.929386 | 642 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__23603723 | en | Trees are the lungs of our planet, providing us with oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, and offering a myriad of environmental benefits. Whether you're a homeowner looking to enhance your landscape or a city planner aiming to improve urban greenery, tree transplantation can be a powerful tool. However, this process is not without its challenges, and one of the most significant hurdles is tree transplant shock. In this blog post, we'll delve into the intricacies of tree transplant shock, explore its causes, and provide valuable insights on how to minimize its impact.
Understanding Tree Transplant Shock
Tree transplant shock is a physiological response that occurs when a tree is uprooted from its original location and replanted elsewhere. This disruptive process can cause stress to the tree, leading to a range of symptoms such as wilting, leaf drop, and reduced growth. The shock primarily stems from the disturbance of the tree's root system during transplantation, disrupting the delicate balance between the roots and above-ground parts of the tree.
Causes of Tree Transplant Shock
Root Loss: During transplantation, a significant portion of a tree's root system is inevitably lost. This loss can hinder the tree's ability to absorb water and nutrients, causing stress.
Environmental Changes: The tree is suddenly exposed to a new environment with different soil conditions, light levels, and temperature. Adapting to these changes can put additional stress on the tree.
Water Stress: In the process of transplantation, a tree's roots can become damaged, impacting their ability to take up water efficiently. This can result in dehydration and exacerbate transplant shock.
Minimizing Tree Transplant Shock
Proper Timing: Choose the right time for transplantation. Typically, early spring or late fall, when trees are dormant, is ideal. This allows the tree to focus on root establishment without the added stress of supporting new foliage.
Root Ball Preservation: When digging up a tree for transplantation, make sure to preserve as much of the root ball as possible. A larger root ball retains more fine roots, essential for the tree's immediate recovery.
Watering: Adequate watering is crucial before, during, and after transplantation. Ensure that the tree is well-hydrated to mitigate water stress. Mulching around the base of the tree can help retain soil moisture.
Soil Preparation: Prepare the new planting site in advance. Ensure that the soil is well-draining, rich in organic matter, and matches the tree's specific soil preferences.
Professional Help: Seek the assistance of professional arborists or landscapers with experience in tree transplantation. Their expertise can make a significant difference in minimizing shock and promoting successful establishment.
Tree transplantation is a valuable practice for enhancing green spaces and promoting environmental sustainability. However, understanding and mitigating tree transplant shock is essential for ensuring the successful establishment of transplanted trees. By following best practices, such as proper timing, preserving the root ball, and providing adequate care, we can minimize the impact of transplant shock and contribute to the health and longevity of our urban forests. As stewards of the environment, let's work together to create a greener and more resilient future. | agronomy |
https://ashleycanterbooks.wordpress.com/2020/05/27/greetings-from-the-farm/ | 2021-05-10T20:52:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989749.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210510204511-20210510234511-00014.warc.gz | 0.975111 | 740 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__29402874 | en | Hello, my friends. As parts of the country begin to emerge from the restrictions of total lockdown, I have found myself secluded for an entirely different reason: I live on a farm, and the growing season is upon us.
Spring is hesitant in our corner of the world, and when she finally emerges she rushes headlong into summer. It’s only been within the last week that the trees have put on most of their leaves, and yet the heavy air of coming June is already lingering over the late spring blossoms.
Our work started when the earth first began to awaken. The air was chill, and the green still rested within tightly wrapped buds. Finally we began to find an egg, and then three, and then six in the henhouse each morning. My husband started preparing the fields for spring planting, and everyone was drafted in to follow the culti-mulcher and gather by hand any rocks that would be large enough to damage the planting equipment. The fields were drilled with pasture grasses and hay mixes: hundreds of pounds of seed all tucked hopefully into the cold and quiet earth.
My poor garden – which languished in last year’s unprecedented rains – needed attention as well, though on a much smaller scale. I put everyone to work clearing the raised beds, and the little ones helped me plant while my eldest tended the Mary garden by the front porch. I plotted out the radish seeds and sugar snap peas, while she planted blue lupines for Our Lady.
Now the fields have sprouted; the grass is growing faster than I can keep it trimmed and so are the weeds among my herbs. Last week the pastures were substantial enough to turn out the cows for the first time since winter. Already they are blessing us with an increase in their nourishing milk. It’s a joyful time on every farm, and one can see why it’s celebrated in rural cultures.
Our “schedule” has certainly shifted. Schoolwork is finished for this year, and with all of us spending these long days working outside our meals are necessarily fresher and simpler to prepare (we eat a great many eggs). I have not taken much time to write these past few weeks, but by no means have we stopped reading. Oh no! When the calves have been fed and the children scrubbed, we still settle down to an hour or more of reading in the light of evening.
I have almost finished reading The Swiss Family Robinson to my little fellow. The little ones have been enjoying Brambly Hedge and Fritz and the Beautiful Horses among their usual favorites. My eldest is quite pleased to be initiated into the abridged stories of The Usborne Complete Jane Austen, while the second-in-command is often up a tree with her beloved Wings of Fire series. I have finished a very pleasant read which I hope to share with you soon, and have started again The Lifegiving Home by Sally and Sarah Clarkson. My husband pretends to read books about rotational grazing, but is actually listening in on The Swiss Family Robinson. I think we shall follow it with Swallows and Amazons.
These are full, busy days for us. Whatever work God has given to you, I hope that you might find a renewed sense of joy in undertaking it. May your families be blessed as they grow each day.
Please note that all of the book recommendations on The Family Bookshelf – while chosen entirely at my own discretion – are shared with you via affiliate links, and I do receive a commission from any purchase you might make. Thank you for supporting my writing and my family. | agronomy |
https://www.vnukovo.ru/en/for-passengers/information-for-passengers/phytosanitary-control/ | 2024-02-24T17:10:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474541.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224144416-20240224174416-00002.warc.gz | 0.918893 | 558 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__78423887 | en | Plant Health Regulations of the European Union dated December 14th, 2019 placed restrictions on imported plants and plant products from non-EU countries
A phytosanitary certificate is required when importing any of the following:
- Seedlings, potted plants;
- Cuttings, grafts, tubers, rootstocks, and similar reproduced materials;
- Cut flowers and branches;
- Fresh fruits, berries, vegetables, and root vegetables.
Phytosanitary requirements do not apply to products such as bananas, dates, durians, pineapples, and coconuts. It means that all other fresh plants and plant products must be accompanied with a phytosanitary certificate.
Customs controls passenger imported products at checkpoints. Prohibited plants and plant products can be left in the garbage containers at the Finnish-Russian border checkpoints, there are separate containers for meat and dairy products, or they can be handed over to any customs officer. If you hand over your products voluntarily, it will not lead to any sanctions.
It is prohibited to import the following products into the Russian Federation in carry-on baggage or checked baggage:
- Soils, living rooted plants, seeds, planting materials, and potatoes (seed and food) without a phytosanitary certificate issued by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of your departing country;
- Fresh vegetables in parcels, carry-on baggage and checked baggage weighing more than 5 kg;
- Any plant products from Georgia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
It is allowed to import the following products into the Russian Federation without import quarantine permits and phytosanitary certificates from the departing country:
- Food products: starch, hops, ground coffee, tea, refined packaged sugar;
- Spices and seasonings;
- Processed rice straw intended for industrial products, teasels, finishing wood, corkwood, wool, raw leather, henna and basma;
- Crude medicines;
- Plant products without quarantine organisms located on vehicles and intended for consumption by the crews of those vehicles without the right to take them outside;
- Deep-seated minerals and soils, river and sea sand, bottom soils of seas, rivers, lakes;
- Quarantinable materials (flour, cereals, dried and fresh fruits and vegetables, raisins, spices, nuts) without quarantine organisms and weighing up to 5 kg can be transported in the carry-on baggage of passengers, crew members, or by mail.
Import quarantine permits are issued on the basis of a written application from the recipient of a cargo submitted to the State Plant Quarantine Inspection. | agronomy |
https://radioreconplt.com/how-to-plant-gherkins-preparation/ | 2020-01-18T02:59:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250591763.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118023429-20200118051429-00213.warc.gz | 0.816323 | 432 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__247655627 | en | Vegetables gardening, grow gherkins, summer
gardening in Greece. Vegetables and herbs garden. Home gardening ideas and methods. Another episode of Garden Tales.
This episode is about : How to plant Gherkins * preparation * Simple traditional methods of making your
vegetable garden. I live in Greece. I learn how to make a vegetable garden from my parents.
I live in a city small agricultural. People here have as tradition every year to make
a vegetable garden and not only. So with the passing of years i learn too. All my methods
and tools are very simple. Nothing complicated. Another thing is that for my vegetable garden
i use only, my plants, the soil, the sun and plenty of water. No chemicals. My fertilizer
is natural. Some people here make that job. Have animal farms and produce natural fertilizer
every year. So that’s it. Garden Tales from my summer Greece vegetable garden. Every time
that i plant something i will make a new video. Also I will make some small clips with updates
in my garden. How my plants growing, and with harvest. Some extras with flower slideshows
will be in my channel also. I must say that methods are 100% correct for the clima and
ecobalance of this part of Greece. I don’t know if in other conditions, temperature,
rain etc this methods work ok. Also maybe there are other methods that work ok. So i
m not claim that this methods are the only. But simple that working for me ☺ My basic
rules are: 1) Open holes and put natural fertilizer in
at least 2 weeks before planting. 2) Plant.
3) Give water not the same in all vegetables. Check the need of each one.
4) Love your plants. I hope you enjoy it ! I wish you happy gardening.
Remember to subscribe in my channel. Comments are welcome ☺ SUSCRIBE TO MY CHANNEL
https://www.youtube.com/user/Gardentales CONNECT WITH ME | agronomy |
http://www.overstrandgardencentre.co.uk/ | 2014-12-23T00:47:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802777438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075257-00067-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.90097 | 293 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-52__0__198895247 | en | We are a local family run business. Are friendly staff are always here to help.We offer a fantastic service from plant identification to help with pests and diseases. We are always happy to help with any advice, queries or problems.
Grow winter peashoots
Scatter peas onto a shallow layer of compost in a seed tray and pop onto a bright windowsill for a super-early crop of fresh pea shoots to snip as a delicious home-grown ingredient for salads. Any pea variety will do but for quick results try 'Marvel' or 'Tom Thumb'.
Plant of the Week: Winter stems
There's nothing like a splash of colour to lift the spirits during the darkest, gloomiest months. Among the most cheerful are plants whose young stems have bark in yellow, lime green, orange and scarlet: plant them where low winter sun can catch their warm colours and they seem almost to glow from the border.
The red-stemmed dogwood Cornus alba 'Sibirica' has scarlet young growth, while Salix alba var. vitellina is a willow with stems the colour of bonfires. The powdery white stems of the bramble Rubus cockburnianus give a ghostly effect; and look out for trees with attractive bark, including snakebark maple (Acer capillipes) and shining coppery Prunus serrula. | agronomy |
http://newinera.com/index.php/JournalLaBisecoman/article/view/234 | 2021-09-18T07:23:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056348.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918062845-20210918092845-00393.warc.gz | 0.80817 | 1,892 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__61695482 | en | Application of Probit Analysis in the Decision of Youths to Participate in Vegetable Production
Youths are successor farming generation and therefore the future of food security. At present, they constitute about 60% of Nigeria’s population and have over the years contributed significantly to national development. Unfortunately, the present environment makes it difficult to explore their full potentials in production through participation in agriculture. The ageing smallholder farmers are less likely to increase capacity needed to sustainably expand agricultural production. There is therefore a pressing need to engage the youth in ways that they can see a promising future in agriculture as well as influence them to build capacity through effective involvement in agricultural production. Several factors however, have continued to hinder capacity building and effective participation of youths in vegetable farming. An empirical study was conducted to estimate the factors affecting the willingness of youth to participate in small scale waterleaf production. The representative waterleaf producers were selected using the multi stage sampling procedures.With the aid of questionnaire, primary data were obtained from 100 farmers. Univariate probit regression model was used to analyze the data. Results of analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting the participation of youths in waterleaf production were age, educational qualification, size of household members, and farm income. Results indicated that youths who have acquired some form of education were more willing to be involved in waterleaf production. Findings further indicated that youth in families with higher income from farming activities were more willing to participate in waterleaf production.
Abdulai, A., & Huffman, W. E. (2005). The diffusion of new agricultural technologies: The case of crossbred-cow technology in Tanzania. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 87(3), 645-659.
Ahaibwe, G., Mbowa, S. & Mayanja, M. L. (2013). Youth engagement in agriculture in Uganda: Challenges and Prospect. Unpublished Working Paper. Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC).
Bamire, A. S., & Ayanwale, A. B. (1995). Costs and returns in alternative poultry keeping systems in Southern Nigeria: A comparative analysis. Indian Journal of Economics, 76, 47-60.
Chianu, J. N., & Tsujii, H. (2005). Determinants of farmers’ decision to adopt or not adopt inorganic fertilizer in the savannas of northern Nigeria. Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 70(3), 293-301.
Chirwa, E. W. (2005). Adoption of fertiliser and hybrid seeds by smallholder maize farmers in Southern Malawi. Development Southern Africa, 22(1), 1-12.
Etim, N. A. & D. N. Benson (2016). Willingness to Pay for Organic Fertilizer by Resource Poor Vegetable Farmers in the Humid Tropic. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 6(2):1-11.
Etim, N. A. & Edet G. E. (2014). Efficiency of resource utilization in dry season waterleaf Talinum triangulate Jacq.wild production by women in southern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture Extension, economic and sociology, 3(2), 138-146.
Etim, N. A. A., & Udoh, E. J. (2018). Willingness of youths to participate in agricultural activities: Implication for poverty reduction. American Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 1-5.
Etim, N. A., S. Okon & I. Akpabio (2011). Labour and Poverty: Empirical Relationship using House Data from South Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 1(2), 53-59.
Etim, N. A.; D. Thompson & C. E. Onyenweaku (2013). Measuring Efficiency of Yam (Dioscorea spp). Production among Resource Poor Farmers in Uyo, Nigeria. Discourse Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 1(3), 42-47.
Falusi A. O. (1975). Application of Multivariate Probit to fertilizer use decision: Sample survey of farmers in three states in Nigeria. Journal Rural Economic Development, 9(1), 49-66.
Hailu Z. (1990). The adoption of modern farm practices in African agriculture: Empirical Evidence about the impact of household characteristics and input supply systems in the Northern region of Ghana. Nyankpala Agricultural Research Report L71 Ghana. Agricultural Experimental Station, Tamale, Ghana.
Kwenye, J. M. & Sichone, T. (2016). Rural youth participation in Agriculture: Exploring the significance and challenges in the control of agricultural sector in Zambian. RUFORUM Working document Series.
Lapar, M. L. A., & Pandey, S. (1999). Adoption of soil conservation: the case of the Philippine uplands. Agricultural economics, 21(3), 241-256.
Madukwe M. C. (1995). Obstacles to the adoption of yam minisett technology by small-scale farmers of South Eastern Nigeria. Agro Search, 1(1), 1-5.
Maina, W. N., & Maina, F. M. P. (2012). Youth engagement in agriculture in Kenya: Challenges and prospects. Update, 2.
Matthews-Njoku, E. C. (2005). Farmers' Adoption Of Improved Soil Conservation And Management Practices In A Rainforest Zone Of Nigeria. Global Approaches to Extension Practice: A Journal of Agricultural Extension, 1(1), 24-30.
Nkamleu, G. B., & Adesina, A. A. (2000). Determinants of chemical input use in peri-urban lowland systems: bivariate probit analysis in Cameroon. Agricultural systems, 63(2), 111-121.
Nkamleu, G. B. (2007). Modeling farmers’ decisions on integrated soil nutrient management in sub-Saharan Africa: a multinomial logit analysis in Cameroon. In Advances in integrated soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 891-904). Springer, Dordrecht.
Nnadi, F. N., & Akwiwu, C. D. (2005). Adoption of improved poultry production practices by rural women in Imo State. Animal Production Research Advances, 1(1).
Nnadi, F. N., & Akwiwu, C. D. (2008). Determinants of youthsparticipation in rural agriculture in Imo State, Nigeria. JApSc, 8(2), 328-333.
National Population Commission. (1991). population census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: Analytical report at the national level. Lagos, National Population Commission. 290p.
Odendo, M., Obare, G. A., & Salasya, B. (2010). Determinants of the speed of adoption of soil fertility-enhancing technologies in Western Kenya (No. 308-2016-5071).
Ohajianya, D. O., & Onu, D. O. (2005). Adoption of improved maize varieties in Imo State as a two–stage decision process. Global Approaches to Extension Practice: A Journal of Agricultural Extension, 1(1), 91-96.
Rahm, M. R., & Huffman, W. E. (1984). The adoption of reduced tillage: the role of human capital and other variables. American journal of agricultural economics, 66(4), 405-413.
Udoh, E. J. (2005). Technical inefficiency in vegetable farms of humid region: An analysis of dry season farming by urban women in South-South Zone, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences, 1(2), 80-85.
Udoh, E. J., & Etim, N. A. (2007). Estimating technical efficiency of waterleaf production in a tropical region. Journal of vegetable science, 12(3), 5-13.
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Weir, S., & Knight, J. (2000). Adoption and diffusion of agricultural innovations in Ethiopia: the role of education. University of Oxford, Institute of Economics and Statistics, Centre for the Study of African Economies.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Journal La Bisecoman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. | agronomy |
https://www.rayzorsedgetreeservice.com/use-fallen-leaves-to-improve-your-lawn-garden/ | 2024-02-29T14:47:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474843.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229134901-20240229164901-00709.warc.gz | 0.947164 | 1,462 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__155216692 | en | Not long after the beautiful fall leaves are gracing the trees in our area (like these native trees with great color), they become a carpet covering the lawns and streets. If your lawn becomes covered with fallen leaves every year, you probably already have a method for getting rid of the leaves – raking them into piles to be collected (and then raking them again when they blow away), or perhaps using a leaf blower and then bagging them.
Did you know, though, that trees still gather nutrients from leaves after they fall to the ground? In fact, it’s one way to reduce the amount of fertilizer required to keep trees in urban areas healthy.
Plus, it’s not only a pain to rake and bag leaves and for a city to pay to transport them to a landfill, but organic matter such as leaves can generate harmful gasses like methane in landfills. According to the EPA, “Methane is a colorless, explosive gas that is released as bacteria decompose organic materials in landfills. If methane is not controlled at a landfill, it can seep underground and into nearby buildings, where it has the potential to explode.”
Luckily, that same force can be used for good.
We’ll show you two ways you can take advantage of this free natural resource that may be “littering” your ground each fall.
- One is by mulching the leaves to act as a natural weed deterrent for your lawn or garden. It also provides nutrients to the ground that your trees and plants will eventually absorb.
- The second way is to create leaf compost, a valuable and almost free resource that you might be throwing away!
Create Leaf Mulch From Your Fallen Leaves
How do you create leaf mulch?
Once your leaves have fallen, wait for them to fully dry out. You’ll know that they are dried when they reach that crunchy state that is so satisfying when you walk over them.
Then, chop up the leaves into little pieces.
The simplest method is to run over the leaves with a mulching lawnmower – just make sure that the leaves aren’t piled up too high or you might jam the mower. And be sure to remove any twigs, sticks, or stones that might damage your equipment.
You can also chop up leaves with a string trimmer (it’s easiest to put the leaves in a large trash can and then shred them with the string trimmer) or even a leaf shredder.
What are the benefits of leaf mulch on a lawn?
As leaves break down, they return nutrients, minerals, microbes, and other beneficial substances to the soil. Over time, the addition of leaf mulch means you’ll need to use less fertilizer, less water, and fewer chemicals to keep your lawn lush, green and healthy.
For example, a study at Minnesota State University led to the Landscape Services employees of that university using leaf mulch to prevent dandelions growing on the lawn. The first year they applied leaf mulch, they noticed 80% fewer dandelions, and the second year still had 50% fewer.
Won’t leaving the leaves on my lawn kill the grass?
Raking leaves became popular because people were taught that leaves can suffocate a lawn – or because some neighborhoods frown on the “messy” look of fallen leaves. The reality is that leaves won’t suffocate a lawn, but there are three things to watch out for.
- If the tree leaves have been treated with an herbicide or pesticide, there is a chance that the chemicals can harm the grass.
- If there are large piles of un-mulched leaves that become covered with heavy snow, there is a chance that snow mold will develop on your lawn (it’s a gray or pink fungus that can damage your grass).
- If you’re using a mulching mower, don’t wait until all leaves have fallen and created a thick carpet before you run them over. Not only can it clog your mower, but it also won’t result in the finely chopped leaves you need. A deep layer of partially chopped leaves can damage your lawn.
However, if the leaves are untreated by chemicals and are properly mulched and spread over the lawn (or your garden), oxygen will still be able to reach your lawn and it will remain healthy.
Can I use leaf mulch in my garden?
Yes! If you plan on using it for your garden beds, pile all of the leaves together (it’s better if they’re chopped up but not necessary). You can let them sit a few weeks and then spread them on your garden, or you can allow them to sit all winter and use the leaves as garden mulch in the spring.
Create Leaf Compost From your Fallen Leaves
Leaf composting takes a bit more work, as you have to turn and fertilize the pile, but the end result is often referred to as “leaf gold” because of the benefits it provides.
How do I make leaf compost?
Leaf compost (also called leaf mold) is different from garden compost in that it’s made only from leaves, nothing else. Shredding or mulching the leaves (see above) helps aid the decomposition process.
Pile the leaves in a composter, bin, or in a large garbage bag with holes for earthworms (see more information on the garbage bag method of composting here).
Every month, use a garden hose to add moisture to the leaves, turn it with a pitchfork (or rotate the composting bin), and, if possible, sprinkle in some nitrogen fertilizer. The compost will heat up and the leaves will break down.
The pile will get smaller as the leaves decompose, and the final product will be dark, crumbly and will resemble soil. If it smells bad, it’s not quite ready to use. The leaf compost will usually take about four to eight months to completely break down. Or you can take the ‘lazy’ way – just leave the pile alone until next fall; most leaves will have broken down by then even without turning or wetting the pile.
Note: Remember how we mentioned the possibility of methane explosions at a landfill? That same heat generating force is how compost is made. For safety reasons, don’t compost in a garage or near a building like a shed.
Give it a try!
This fall, try something different with the leaves that fall in your yard. Experiment with leaf mulch or leaf compost and see what happens. You’ll save your money (and your back), and you’ll be doing the environment a favor while you’re at it.
What's Going ON?
Things change quickly in CT when it comes to pests, weather events, and other things affecting your trees and landscape. Stay in the know with our monthly newsletter. No spam - we promise! | agronomy |
https://sunshinehhi.com/garden-center/ | 2022-01-17T00:53:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300253.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117000754-20220117030754-00132.warc.gz | 0.916641 | 225 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__54862796 | en | Sunshine’s Nursery is a state-of-the-art wholesale/retail nursery working with both builders and homeowners to provide the very best and most complete selection of plant material available in the area. One visit to our retail garden and gift center with greenhouse will amaze you! We carry a full line of all of your garden accessories as well.
Our friendly, knowledgeable staff is ready to assist you with your seasonal needs and answer all of your planting questions. This can be for a simple re-potting of your favorite flower to creating a colorful garden.
- Herb and Vegetable Gardening Available
- Gift and Retail shop
- Indoor Plants
- Tropical Plants
- Hanging Baskets
Serving Hilton Head Island, Bluffton, Savannah, Beaufort, Spring Island, and growing everyday!
We sell Pinestraw, various types of mulch, topsoil and fill dirt. Firewood Available plus much more! We also carry top of the line Deer Repellent.
Gift Certificates available | agronomy |
http://sicinnovation.com/page5759693.html | 2023-03-27T09:44:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948620.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327092225-20230327122225-00729.warc.gz | 0.85429 | 99 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__201195997 | en | In the Garden
Growth: boost plant growth and germination, prevent fungas and kills weeds. Sanitize Seeds: avoid foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, etc. Disinfect Equipment: seed trays, compost buckets, tools, bbq, pots, and other containers Insect Repellant, kills harmful pests. Glass: used to prevent mold and mildew from clouding glass panes of greenhouses (and mirrors). | agronomy |
https://lcp.org.ph/11/597/butuan-city-bags-grand-prize-in-bloomberg-s-2021-global-mayors-challenge | 2022-05-28T09:35:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663016373.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528093113-20220528123113-00330.warc.gz | 0.93942 | 480 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__184587621 | en | The League of Cities of the Philippines, together with the Liveable Cities Challenge Philippines, warmly congratulates the City of Butuan for its triumph in the Bloomberg Philanthropies 2021 Global Mayors Challenge. Butuan is one of the 15 winning cities that have bested over 600 applicants from around the globe, including the more than 100 cities and municipalities that submitted their application from the Philippines.
Now on its 5th run, the Bloomberg Philanthropies’ Mayors Challenge is a global competition that aims to “spark innovative, replicable ideas for improving cities, and the lives of people living in them.” This year’s competition challenged city leaders to pitch their boldest and most ambitious urban solutions to some of the most pressing challenges brought about by the global COVID-19 pandemic. It is the first time that the competition reached out to Asia.
Butuan City Mayor Ronnie Vicente Lagnada underscored the unique issues the city faces regarding high rates of hunger and food insecurity, partially due to local food production challenges. In response, the city government launched the AgriBOOST Project, which aims to strengthen local food production by working with and empowering local farmers through technical and resource support, demand-driven production, and reliable farm gate pricing.
“AgriBOOST will enable a more secure livelihood for the disadvantaged farmers and other value chain players by improving the system of backward and forward linkages of resource and market accessibility of our agri-sector,” Lagnada said.
The city government is also hopeful that the project would jumpstart smart agriculture in their locality and lead to higher income for farmers, who will increase their production yield due to improved farming practices.
Butuan is the first Philippine city to be awarded the grand prize of the Mayors Challenge.
“To be recognized worldwide is an opportunity for the city to attract people from different sectors all over the world to invest in this incredible instrument in empowering our agricultural sector,” the city government wrote in its official AgriBOOST Facebook page.
The latest Global Mayors Challenge winners come from 13 different nations and represent over 30 million residents. The 15 winners will receive $1 million each to realize their breakthrough ideas in addition to the 3-year technical support and coaching to implement and share these ideas with other cities around the globe. | agronomy |
https://squarerootfoods.com/products/corn-pinole-0-5lb-ramona-farms | 2023-12-03T11:16:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100499.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203094028-20231203124028-00309.warc.gz | 0.936677 | 106 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__82604568 | en | Corn Pinole (0,5lb) Ramona Farms
Corn Pinole (Huun Haak Chu'i) made from Heirloom Pima 60 day corn, an ancient flour corn prized for it's flavor and texture. The mature ears are hand-picked and shelled, next the kernels are mesquite parched and stone milled to produce this delicious ancient "fast food" used by Pima runners as they traveled from village to village carrying important news.
Raw agricultural non GMO product. Certified organic. | agronomy |
http://davis.californiaweed.net/4-reasons-to-grow-you-own-weed/ | 2023-03-26T12:40:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945472.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326111045-20230326141045-00591.warc.gz | 0.946267 | 509 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__97592636 | en | Top 4 reasons why you should grow your own weed.
Davis has 5 local cannabis storefronts and many delivery service options, but what about growing your own weed? Is that even legal? Here are 4 reasons you should take 420 into your own hands.
- To start with. Because you can. Well call me silly but I believe just the fact that we can grow, we should. You’d go straight to jail for growing this same damn plant in Texas. In Davis, if you are over 21 you can grow 6 plants. Obviously, you need to check your lease if you are renting as most will prohibit you from growing your own lil baby weeed plants. But if you own or have permission from your landlord. Grow.
- Most recreational weed sucks. Next time you pick up that overpriced 8th, look at the compliance label and find the “packaged date”. Not fresh. While the best weed in America is undoubtedly grown right here in sunny California, the undisputed capital of cannabis. You will however most likely never find that weed at your local cannabis retailer. At last count, there were less than 800 operational storefronts in the entire state of California. 80% of them all order their products off the same 4 wholesale menus. State laws make it next to impossible to get fresh, properly cured, weed to the retailer. If you are looking for retailers that may have actual fresh weed check out these “micro-business” that grow, package, and sell flowers in the same building.
- It’s called WEED for a reason. Look I’m not saying it is easy to grow award-winning weed, but I am saying if anything is growing in your backyard at all… then weed can too.If you have any experience in the garden, think tomatoes, then you will be just fine on your cannabis cultivation journey. If you are intimidated by starting out with 6 plants just grow a couple. You’ll get better every time and smoking weed you grew yourself puts a different kinda smile on your face.
- Cost. This may be the most obvious reason. It takes a long time (grow cycle) to get to the point where there are sticky buds in your pipe, but once you’ve harvested your crop and it’s ready to smoke the price per gram isn’t even comparable to the recreational market. Even the cheapest (worst) weed at retailers costs more than watering a plant every three days. | agronomy |
http://www.stevebivans.com/2015/03/17/seeding-the-shire-growing-west-side-and-the-birth-of-a-mini-farmers-market/ | 2018-03-18T07:53:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645550.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318071715-20180318091715-00638.warc.gz | 0.982657 | 1,045 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__37545499 | en | by Steve Bivans
Maureen has been living in St. Paul’s ‘West Side’ community for over 17 years.
She’s one of those neighbors who is everywhere at once and knows everyone. She’s a connector of people. I met her this spring. She had posted a call on the Growing West Side Facebook page for a flash weeding event to pull weeds and clean up some raised garden beds in a neighborhood plaza where she planned to plant a salsa garden for the residents of the District del Sol, the predominantly Hispanic area of our community. I was immediately enamored with her energy, friendliness and her commitment to the community. In the coming months, Patience and I became more and more involved with Growing West Side, the organization that she and a handful of others have organically constructed over the last few years.
Several years ago, Maureen and another neighbor decided to raise chickens. Instead of reading “too much” into the city regulations—which actually require you to keep them in a coop—they decided to let them roam around the fenced-in yards. As it turned out, the roaming fowl became a natural conversation starter with wandering neighbors. This brought about connections with the neighborhood that they had never thought would happen. Maureen thought that maybe there was a way to expand on that community-building idea.
Then she came up with an idea one day to plant some beans on her boulevard and to try
to get a handful of others to do the same. She says, “Originally, I’d emailed the idea out to about 30 neighbors I knew, and I figured about 15 of them would respond. Of those, I calculated that about half would humor me and agree to do it. But before it was done, we had 85 people wanting to grow beans on their boulevards!” Maureen had originally thought that she would have enough supplies—poles, string, seeds—to supply the 7 to 10 she had predicted but there was no way she had enough scrap supplies to pull off 85. So she contacted the West Side Community Organization who gave her a small grant to purchase the supplies for the project and Beans on the Boulevard was off! But that’s not the end of the story.
Maureen was also growing garlic in her home garden— among many other things—and was selling it at various farmers markets around St. Paul when she and her partner, Martha, decided to try to open up their own little market behind the local coffee shop, Jerebek’s, which for many years had operated on the corner around from my house. Jerebek’s agreed and the little market was up and running with two vendors.
Shortly thereafter a couple more friends joined, Leah and Ellen, and a local CSA farm, Tusen Tack. This worked well for awhile until a baker asked them for permission to set up next to them. Since Jerebek’s was a bakery and coffee-shop, that didn’t work out so well, so they went looking for another spot and managed to make a sweet deal with Pompeo, the owner of the local ice cream joint, The Icy Cup, who has a fairly large parking lot.
That was three years ago and the West Side Farmers Market has really taken off. Don’t get me wrong, it’s still a small, neighborhood market but that’s what’s so awesome about it. It’s cute and friendly as hell. They have a steady number of vegetable farmers,
Todd—the organic chicken-egg farmer, and Tony, a neighbor who’s started his own hot sauce line, Isabel Street Heat. He used the market as his testing ground and after some great success selling his sauces to the neighborhood—I’ve had them and they’re pretty kick-ass—he’s expanding his operations for next year!
There’s almost always live music and entertainment and the police department occasionally brings out their mounted unit, and the fire department brings out trucks, which are a big hit with the kids. They hold gardening and cooking classes to give tips on how to grow and prepare many of the things found at the market. All of this was accomplished by a small team of volunteers in the neighborhood. The collective talents of local farmers, gardeners, cooks, bakers, musicians, entertainers, and the generosity of the neighborhood, and that of Pompeo, the owner of the Icy Cup.
Any neighborhood can do what Growing West Side has done in our little Shire. And that’s not the end of the plans. We’re working on raising funds to expand the market, hire a part-time manager, and offer coupons to neighbors that might normally find fresh food out of their price range.
We are currently running a campaign on GoFundMe to raise money to do these things. Watch the video below, click the link to our campaign and consider a contribution to help build a Shire on the West Side! | agronomy |
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