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0 | Role of senescence in the chronic health consequences of COVID 19 While the full impact of COVID 19 is not yet clear early studies have indicated that upwards of 10 of patients experience COVID 19 symptoms longer than 3 weeks known as Long Haulers Syndrome or PACS postacute sequelae of SARS CoV 2 infection There is little known about risk factors or predictors of susceptibility for Long Haulers Syndrome but older adults are at greater risk for severe outcomes and mortality from COVID 19 The pillars of aging including cellular senescence telomere dysfunction impaired proteostasis mitochondrial dysfunction deregulated nutrient sensing genomic instability progenitor cell exhaustion altered intercellular communication and epigenetic alterations that contribute to age related dysfunction and chronic diseases the Geroscience Hypothesis may interfere with defenses against viral infection and consequences of these infections Heightening of the low grade inflammation that is associated with aging may generate an exaggerated response to an acute COVID 19 infection Innate immune system dysfunction that leads to decreased senescent cell removal and or increased senescent cell formation could contribute to accumulation of senescent cells with both aging and viral infections These processes may contribute to increased risk for long term COVID 19 sequelae in older or chronically ill patients Hence senolytics and other geroscience interventions that may prolong healthspan and alleviate chronic diseases and multimorbidity linked to fundamental aging processes might be an option for delaying preventing or alleviating Long Haulers Syndrome | 1 |
28 | Emerging potential mechanisms and predispositions to the neurological manifestations of COVID 19 A spectrum of neurological disease associated with COVID 19 is becoming increasingly apparent However the mechanisms behind these manifestations remain poorly understood significantly hindering their management The present review subsequently attempts to address the evolving molecular cellular and systemic mechanisms of NeuroCOVID which we have classified as the acute and long term neurological effects of COVID 19 We place particular emphasis on cerebrovascular demyelinating and encephalitic presentations which have been reported Several mechanisms are presented especially the involvement of a cytokine storm We explore the genetic and demographic factors that may predispose individuals to NeuroCOVID The increasingly evident long term neurological effects are also presented including the impact of the virus on cognition autonomic function and mental wellbeing which represent an impending burden on already stretched healthcare services We subsequently reinforce the need for cautious surveillance especially for those with predisposing factors with effective clinical phenotyping appropriate investigation and if possible prompt treatment This will be imperative to prevent downstream neurological sequelae including those related to the long COVID phenotypes that are being increasingly recognised | 1 |
523 | Being the Father of a Preterm Born Child Contemporary Research and Recommendations for NICU Staff b Background b Most studies on parental reactions to a preterm birth and to hospitalization of the newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Units NICUs have involved mothers However emotional responses and behaviors of fathers are equally important Usually the father is the first to meet the preterm newborn to find out information about babys condition and to communicate to the mother and other family members In this context he is often left alone and can show psychological difficulties including affective disorders such as depression or anxiety This paper describes the role of fathers in the NICU the best practices to support fathers and to explain the role of a psychologist in the NICU staff Considerations and suggestions are provided on the difficulties encountered to support parents with a focus on the role of fathers during the COVID 19 pandemic b Methods and Discussion b Considering contemporary research data and following an attachment perspective we analyze the role of the father of a preterm born child in the relation with the partner and in newborn caring Research has shown that involving fathers in newborn care in NICU and at home is essential not only because it promotes the father son attachment relationship and has positive effects on the psychological and somatic development of the newborn but also for the health of the mother and whole family b Conclusion b Recommendations are provided to enhance the functions of fathers in the NICU promote their involvement in the care of their infant and interventions to prevent the manifestation of psychological suffering and or perinatal affective disorders The commitments of a psychologist in a NICU team are presented and require not only clinical skills but also the ability to manage the emotional and relational difficulties of fathers family and NICU staff Considerations and suggestions are provided on the difficulties encountered by parents in the NICU during the COVID 19 pandemic | 0 |
646 | Strategies for drug repurposing against coronavirus targets Repurposing regulatory agency approved drugs and investigational compounds with known safety profiles can significantly fast track the drug development timeline over i de novo i drug discovery with lower investment requirements and improved attrition rate These advantages are vital in any epidemic or pandemic situation where hospital beds are occupied by patients for whom there is no known treatment Here we examine drug repurposing in the context of human coronaviruses SARS CoV MERS CoV and in particular SARS CoV 2 the virus currently causing a continued widespread pandemic with substantial impacts on public health and economy The key druggable targets explored were those involved in viral entry viral replication and viral induced ARDS as well as viral proteases with a focus on the strategy by which the drugs were repurposed | 0 |
422 | Favipiravir exposure and pregnancy outcome of COVID 19 patients COVID 19 is a rapidly spreading disease and many people have been infected in a short time Favipiravir is under investigation for the treatment of COVID 19 and given to patients in many countries following emergency use approval Based on data from animal studies favipiravir use is contraindicated during pregnancy Currently there is no human data except for a single case report on use of favipiravir in pregnancy This article includes the outcomes of 29 pregnancies reported to the Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit regarding favipiravir use in pregnancy For drug risk assessment maternal characteristics were obtained at first contact After the expected day of delivery follow up is conducted by phone call and all relevant data regarding pregnancy and newborn outcome were documented Of the 29 pregnancies exposed to favipiravir 5 were electively terminated and 24 resulted in live birth There were no miscarriages or no stillbirths There were 25 live births including one pair of twins Three children were born premature and one infant had patent foramen ovale Birth weights lengths and head circumferences of all infants were within normal range The results of the study indicate that favipiravir is unlikely to be a major human teratogen but experience is still limited for a well grounded risk assessment Although these findings may be useful for the physicians and patients larger studies are needed due to small number of cases | 0 |
349 | Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on sleep in children and adolescents a systematic review and meta analysis This systematic review and meta analysis were conducted to study the prevalence and pattern of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the COVID 19 pandemic MEDLINE EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for original studies describing sleep abnormalities in children and adolescents with or without pre existing neurobehavioral disorders during the COVID 19 pandemic The pooled estimates for various sleep abnormalities were calculated using a random effect model Of 371 articles screened 16 studies were included Among these five studies were in preschool children two were in children with pre existing neurobehavioral disorders and the remaining were in school going children and adolescents The outcome measures used for sleep were markedly heterogeneous across the studies The pooled prevalence of any sleep disturbance in children during the pandemic was 54 95 CI 50 57 Interestingly the prevalence in pre school children was lower than pre pandemic times RR 0 87 95 CI 0 58 1 30 but this was not statistically significant The pooled prevalence of children not meeting sleep recommendation was 49 95 CI 39 58 The prevalence of sleep problems in children and adolescents during the COVID 19 pandemic is alarming Pre school children had a trend towards relatively fewer sleep disturbances due to home confinement measures in comparison with pre pandemic times Sleep duration recommendations were not met in nearly half of healthy children However these conclusions need to be seen in light of limited literature on the topic few included studies done in heterogenous populations and dubious quality of inferences drawn from these studies which were predominantly online surveys CRD42020213788 | 0 |
445 | COVID 19 and BRD4 a stormy and cardiotoxic bromo romance Severe systemic inflammation in COVID 19 patients can lead to dysfunction of multiple organs including the heart Using an ex vivo cardiac organoid system Mills et al discovered that inhibitors of the chromatin reader protein bromodomain containing protein 4 protect cardiomyocytes from COVID associated cytokine storm We briefly review these important findings and highlight the translational significance of the work | 0 |
385 | SARS CoV 2 related ARDS and Invasive Fungal Infections in Intensive Care Patients SARS CoV 2 infection can potentially necessitate intensive care management An increasing number of case reports are found in the literature indicating patients admitted in an intensive care setting with COVID 19 pneumonitis being complicated with invasive fungal infections In a retrospective assessment of a three month period at the national hospital of Malta examining patients who were suffering from SARS CoV 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome 6 out of 63 patients 9 5 were found to have confirmation or high probability of invasive fungal infection The consensus definition for invasive fungal disease developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium was utilised to aid in the identification of these patients In total 15 patients received treatment with an anti fungal agent in this three month period the decision being led by both clinical suspicion and the use of fungal markers obtained from the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage Although several risk factors are attributed for the development of invasive fungal disease the main factors identified in our cohort of patients is the SARS CoV 2 ARDS in itself along with the use of high dose corticosteroids The average period of time between admission in intensive care and diagnosis of invasive fungal infection was noted to be 10 5 days This high incidence of invasive fungal disease in mechanically ventilated patients suffering from SARS CoV 2 ARDS relatively early in their course of disease should guide the clinician to investigate further with fungal biomarkers and cultures in those patients who are clinically deteriorating despite optimal medical treatment as well as possibly considering empirical anti fungal treatment if suspicion remains high | 0 |
392 | Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis in COVID 19 A systematic review Since the onset of COVID 19 pandemic parallel opportunistic infections have also been emerging as another disease spectrum Among all these opportunistic infection mucormycosis has become a matter of concern with its rapid increase of cases with rapid spread as compared to pre COVID 19 era Cases have been reported in post COVID 19 related immune suppression along with the presence of comorbidity which adds on the deadly outcome There is no systematic review addressing the issue of COVID 19 associated mucormycosis This is the first systematic review of published studies of mucormycosis associated with COVID 19 The aim was to analyze the real scenario of the disease statement including all the published studies from first November 2019 to 30th June to analyze the contemporary epidemiology clinical manifestations risk factor prognosis and treatment outcome of COVID 19 associated rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis A comprehensive literature search was done in following databases namely PubMed Google Scholar Scopus and EMBASE using keywords mucormycosis rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis COVID 19 and SARS CoV 2 from November 01 2019 to June 30 2021 Our study shows that while corticosteroids have proved to be lifesaving in severe to critical COVID 19 patients its indiscriminate use has come with its price of rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis epidemic especially in India especially in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus with higher mortality Corticosteroid use should be monitored and all COVID 19 patients should be closely evaluated monitored for sequelae of immunosuppression following treatment | 0 |
664 | What will we do if we get infected a qualitative interview based study of the COVID 19 pandemic and its effects on the health and safety of sex workers in the United States Emerging evidence suggests that sex workers face unique and profound risks arising from the COVID 19 pandemic To illuminate the pandemics effects on sex worker health and safety and identify intervention opportunities from May August 2018 in depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 sex workers four service providers and two individuals who were both Sampled sex workers included eight people of color eight cisgender women five cisgender men three non binary people and one transgender woman Using Conservation of Resources Theory to define impacts on sex worker resources and resulting health and safety implications a deductive thematic analysis was conducted Seven resources were threatened due to the pandemic work opportunity sex work venues social support health services money food and housing The loss of these resources was exacerbated by stigma notably sex work criminalization and significantly undermined health and safety by increasing food and housing instability increasing risks of violence and diminishing safer sex negotiation Six resources were activated in response social support digital skills health knowledge non sex work employment money and resilience While social support had numerous benefits investing digital skills and non sex work employment were generally of limited impact The pandemics negative health and safety effects were most profound at the intersections of race gender class and migration status These findings suggest sex workers need urgent and ongoing support with investments in social support and sex work decriminalization likely to have the greatest effects on health and safety relative to and beyond the COVID 19 pandemic | 0 |
380 | Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Students During the COVID 19 Pandemic A Meta Analysis b Background b The novel 2019 coronavirus disease COVID 19 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a global health threat b Aims b This study assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese students during the COVID 19 pandemic and explored potential moderating factors b Methods b We searched English and Chinese databases using pertinent keywords for articles published and unpublished up until November 2020 The estimate of the overall prevalence of anxiety and depression was conducted through a random effects model b Results b A total of 31 cross sectional studies were included The overall prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese students during the COVID 19 pandemic was 24 0 95 CI 20 0 29 0 and 22 0 95 CI 18 0 27 0 respectively Subgroup analyses revealed that Chinese middle school students were at heightened risk of anxiety while university students were at heightened risk of depression Students who lived in higher risk areas presented severe anxiety and depression especially during the late period of the COVID 19 epidemic b Conclusions b Overall during the COVID 19 pandemic there was a high prevalence of anxiety in Chinese students and a high prevalence of depression among Chinese students in high risk areas Therefore comprehensive and targeted psychological interventions should be developed to address the mental health of students in different grades especially in high risk areas and during the late period of the COVID 19 pandemic | 0 |
77 | Olfactory dysfunction amongst children and adolescents with laboratory confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 a systematic review Despite the rapidly emerging reports of olfactory dysfunction amongst adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 cases involving children and adolescents are scarcely reported The literature was reviewed to elucidate olfactory dysfunction amongst children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 A search of the literature published from 1 December 2019 to 30 April 2021 was conducted using four databases based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions The search was performed over one month May 2021 Only 9 articles were identified with a total of 316 laboratory confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 positive children and adolescents of whom 156 reported olfactory dysfunction Four studies reported olfactory dysfunction based on subjective tests four studies carried out objective assessment Most studies reported on olfaction recovery The literature review revealed an olfactory dysfunction rate of 49 per cent amongst children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 Persistence of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 7 1 per cent of the patients Further studies involving objective measures need to be carried out in children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 | 1 |
30 | Epidemiology and organ specific sequelae of post acute COVID19 A narrative review Long COVID a term coined by COVID 19 survivors describes persistent or new symptoms in a subset of patients who have recovered from acute illness Globally the population of people infected with SARS CoV 2 continues to expand rapidly necessitating the need for a more thorough understanding of the array of potential sequelae of COVID 19 The multisystemic aspects of acute COVID 19 have been the subject of intense investigation but the long term complications remain poorly understood Emerging data from lay press social media commentaries and emerging scientific reports suggest that some COVID 19 survivors experience organ impairment and or debilitating chronic symptoms at times protean in nature which impact their quality of life In this review by addressing separately each body system we describe the pleiotropic manifestations reported post COVID 19 their putative pathophysiology and risk factors and attempt to offer guidance regarding work up follow up and management strategies Long term sequelae involve all systems with a negative impact on mental health well being and quality of life while a subset of patients report debilitating chronic fatigue with or without other fluctuating or persistent symptoms such as pain or cognitive dysfunction Although the pathogenesis is unclear residual damage from acute infection persistent immune activation mental factors or unmasking of underlying co morbidities are considered as drivers Comparing long COVID with other post viral chronic syndromes may help to contextualize the complex somatic and emotional sequalae of acute COVID 19 The pace of recovery of different aspects of the syndrome remains unclear as the pandemic began only a year ago Early recognition of long term effects and thorough follow up through dedicated multidisciplinary outpatient clinics with a carefully integrated research agenda are essential for treating COVID 19 survivors holistically | 1 |
550 | Computational Method Based Optimization of Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Immunosensor for Rapid Detection of SARS CoV 2 Virus The recent global spread of COVID 19 stresses the importance of developing diagnostic testing that is rapid and does not require specialized laboratories In this regard nanomaterial thin film based immunosensors fabricated via solution processing are promising potentially due to their mass manufacturability on site detection and high sensitivity that enable direct detection of virus without the need for molecular amplification However thus far thin film based biosensors have been fabricated without properly analyzing how the thin film properties are correlated with the biosensor performance limiting the understanding of property performance relationships and the optimization process Herein the correlations between various thin film properties and the sensitivity of carbon nanotube thin film based immunosensors are systematically analyzed through which optimal sensitivity is attained Sensitivities toward SARS CoV 2 nucleocapsid protein in buffer solution and in the lysed virus are 0 024 fg mL sup 1 sup and 0 048 copies mL sup 1 sup respectively which are sufficient for diagnosing patients in the early stages of COVID 19 The technique therefore can potentially elucidate complex relationships between properties and performance of biosensors thereby enabling systematic optimization to further advance the applicability of biosensors for accurate and rapid point of care POC diagnosis | 0 |
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