question
(a) where does microsporogenesis occur in an angiosperm? describe the process of microsporogenesis.

(b) draw a labelled diagram of the two-celled male gametophyte of an angiosperm. how is the three-celled male gametophyte different from it ?
a) the megasporogenesis occurs in the nucellus (towards the micropylar end).

the process of formation of megaspores from the megaspore mother cell is called megasporogenesis. ovules generally differentiate a single megaspore mother cell (mmc) in the micropylar region. of the nucellus. it is a large cell containing dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus. the mmc undergoes meiotic division. meiosis results in the production of four megaspores. in a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspores is functional while the other three degenerate.

b)



the three celled male gametophytes has one vegetative cell and two male gametes and no generative cell.
chloroplast is a powerhouse for the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants. it is broadly divided into three parts (fig 3) namely:a) membrane: chloroplast is double walled organelle viz. it contains inner and outer membrane.b) stroma corresponds to the cytoplasm of chloroplast. it also serves as site for dark reaction of photosynthesis to take place.c) thylakoids/ granum: thylakoids contains chlorophyll that absorbs light. stacks of thylakoids are known as granum.fig 3 shows different parts of chloroplast Hello Miilla,



  

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The difficulty of couples in having a baby can be caused by fertility problems in women and men. Fertility disorders in men often occur due to lack of quality and quantity of sperm cells. Therefore, sperm analysis is one of the most frequently performed examinations in cases like this.



  

Various indicators will be assessed in sperm analysis, including sperm cell concentration, motility and morphology, semen liquid volume, acidity level, time of liquefaction, as well as fructose levels. Ideally, sperm analysis checks are indeed carried out on direct examination from the examining doctor. If it is needed, this examination can be done independently on the examination of the patient. However, given the interpretation of the results of the analysis of sperm cell analysis must also be done directly by a doctor, then you should continue to consult a doctor or a specialist in urology surgery. With his competence, after checking your general health condition, he certainly understands more whether it is necessary for you to undergo a sperm analysis examination or not.



  

To take the examination specimen, the doctor will generally invite you to ejaculate in a special place, then then collect the ejaculation fluid that comes out in a container. In some conditions, you can also do this ejaculation at home, that is by masturbating or ejaculating during sexual intercourse that is accommodated in a special condom (not just any counselor). However, even if it is done at home, this ejaculatory fluid must be stored at room temperature and taken directly to the doctor in less than 1 hour to be examined. Before taking a specimen, to get accurate results, you need to delay sexual intercourse and masturbation for 2 to 3 days in order. Also avoid consuming alcohol, caffeinated minerals, drugs, or any supplements without first consulting a doctor. So that the results are right, this examination can also be repeated 2 to 3 times in 2-3 weeks.



  

Hope this helps ... different cells in the body have different instructions or marching orders as to how they are to grow and function. sometimes clumps of cells with diverse marching orders form a tumor and mature into very different types of tissue. one type is called a dermoid cyst. these can contain a variety of different tissues including hair. see more... the term sperm implantation is actually incorrect and we suppose it refers to egg fertilization. what implants is the embryo after the sperm reaches the egg, and they fuse together. after that, the resulting embryo travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus. once there, it will adhere to the endometrial lining, which is what we know as embryo implantation.

you can learn more about this process here: sperm's journey to the egg. two pink colored flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. the nature of the cross will be cross fertilization. cross fertilization is transfer of pollen grains from one plant to the stigma of flower borne of different plant of same species. The next shapes in the ‘growing’ pattern are as follows:


![](https://mathsgee.com/?qa=blob&qa_blobid=5951663371716016349) <p>power house of the cell</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">mitochondria:</u></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mitochondria</span> are the organelle present in the cell, which can be seen only through electron microscope. they are spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">structure:</u></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">they are bounded by a <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">double membrane</span> the outer membrane projects to the cytoplasm and the inner membrane project into the <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">matrix.</span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">the inner membrane is convoluted into several folds, called <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“cristae.”</span> the surface area of the inner membrane is increased by cristae. matrix contains a concentrated mixture of enzymes, which play an important role in the metabolism of nutrients.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">function:</u></span></p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">the main function of mitochondria is <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">energy production.</span> and so, because of this function, they often called as “power hoses of the cell.” the metabolism of nutrients takes place in the matrix by the enzymes present it. oxidative phosphorylation is the main metabolic process through which atp (adenosine triphosphate) is generated.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">depend upon the energy needs; their occurrence varies from cell to cell. for example, skeletal muscles have more mitochondria; whereas red blood cells are completely lack of mitochondria.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">explanation of their function</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"> </p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">1.the main function of mitochondria is to perform cellular respiration this means it takes in nutrients from cell ,breaks it down ,and turns it into energy</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">it is called as power house of cell because the process of atp formation takes place in mitochondria.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">2.it helps cells to maintain proper concentration of calcium ions within the compartments of the cell.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">3.it also helps in building certain parts of blood and harmons like testosterone and estrogen.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">4.liver cell mitochondria have enzymes that detoxify ammonia.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;">5.they plays an important role in the process of apoptosis.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px 0px 5px !important 0px;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/si.experts.images/answers/2021/06/60cc394f7dc8d\_1623996748448.jpg"></p> [image][queries and resolvers](https://forums.fauna.com/t/queries-and-resolvers/597/3)

do you have any feedback on the difficulties i am having doing this and any suggestions as to how i should be approaching this problem?

perhaps there is something i’m clearly misunderstanding that can be addressed in a reference article or section of the documentat… (a) the candidate was studying the effect/importance of sunlight on the rate of photosynthesis.explanation: the candidate had covered one part of the leaf to study the rate of photosynthesis in the absence of sunlight. the candidate would compare it with the rate of photosynthesis on the uncovered parts of the leaf and thus, determine the role of sunlight during photosynthesis.(b) yes, the uncovered portion of the leaf of the potted plant is used as the control here.explanation: the control is used to compare the results which will be obtained after the experiment with the covered portion of the leaf to obtain conclusions.(c) plant was kept in the dark before the experiment, to remove the starch present in the leaf, to the storage organs.explanation: destarching is done by placing the plant for 24-48 hours in darkness before starting the experiment. this is done to make sure that all starch has been formed under experimental conditions only.(d) 1) first, the candidate would have dipped the prepared leaf in boiling water to kill the leaf cells.2) then he would have boiled the leaf in methylated spirit to remove the chlorophyll.3) the leaf would have then been placed in hot water to soften it.4) he would have placed it in a dish and poured iodine solution. the presence of starch is confirmed in regions that turn bluish-black in colour.the uncovered portion of the leaf would have turned bluish black and the cover region would have turned brown in colour.explanation: the uncovered portion of the leaf would have turned bluish black as starch would have formed in those regions. sunlight activates the chlorophyll, which in turn catalyzes the photosynthesis reaction. in the covered portion, on which sunlight could not have penetrated, the region turns brown due to the absence of chlorophyll. this implies that photosynthesis would not have taken place on the covered portion of the leaf. a) false. the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and energy is done using oxygen inside the cell. this process is known as respiration.b) true. likewise humans frogs also can respire through lungs. in addition to lungs frogs can also respire through their skin which is thin, moist and slimy and help in easy gaseous exchange.c) false. spiracles are the tiny pores present in the insects like cockroaches which help in gaseous exchange. these small spiracles are present on the lateral body (sides) of the organism.d) true. the percentage of co2 in inhaled air is 0.04% whereas in exhaled air it is 4.4%. therefore, we can say that exhaled air has more percentage of carbon dioxide than in the inhaled air.