what are the different styles of public speaking?
what are the different styles of public speaking? what does immediacy effect mean? what is the intention of communication?
university of california davis prof: alissa shubb intro to public speaking cmn 001 public speaking criterion ● public speaking situations ○ communicative intention ie. inform, persuade, entertain ○ unintended speaking ○ multiple listeners immediacy effect ● when engaging with the speaker you become more engaged in the message ○ increases the significance of the message and how well it gets across delivery style ● formal ○ written out and memorized/ read (manuscripted) ● impromptu ● extemporaneous confrontation reaction ● physiological reaction ○ adrenaline (fight or flight reaction) ○ spikes at the moment you see the audience and then begins to dissipate in 90s anticipation reaction ●
impact : changing c# methods from private to public the first sentence is correct: in indirect speech, you will not get
a question mark at the end
the second sentence is incorrect he is actually only a mediocre cold reader. he uses classic techniques for cold reading in groups, such a "shot gunning" and reading reactions to isolate individuals. pretty much by the book. 
he also creates a group attitude in which the entire group will pressure an individual into acknowledging he is correct, even if he is wrong. it would be impossible to go on the show and tell people that john edwards was wrong, because the group will wave their fingers and say "john edwards isn't wrong, you just don't know what he means yet"
also the show is filmed over 3 hours and edited down to 40 minutes, which gives edwards ample room to mess up. 
often times he shows clips of people who have gone home and claim he was correct, but he would never show it if someone claimed he was wrong. 
i used to tape the show in college, and several times i caught him actually lying and changing what he says. for example, he says "i am sensing your mother is passed away" to a person who says "no, my mother is fine." to which he replies "you didn't hear what i said. i said someone close to your mother is passed away." 
i am also told that people are seated and the cameras and sound are running for about 30 minutes before the show starts. meanwhile, what do people talk about? they talk about what relatives they hope to hear from and what they hope to find out during the show. it doesn't take too much imagination to figure out that someone is listening and taking notes.

edit: although its not about a medium, a good movie to watch to learn about group reading techniques is "leap of faith" with steve martin. its about a evangelistic preacher who goes around with a traveling christian revival show. hi maddie,the purpose of any manipulation is to convince another person that their previously held beliefs are incorrect. one example of a way to manipulate another person is through the practice of gaslighting. think of it as someone who continually turns down the lights in a room (turning down a gas lamp) but tells another person the light is constant, it's their perception or eyesight that is affected. the purpose of gaslighting is to convince another person that they are losing their sanity. how does this transform societal values? on a large scale, if you can convince a large number of people to change their values then society will inevitably shift in its core beliefs and practices. a positive example of this is the icelandic women's protest in 1975 when every woman in the country went on strike for one day. after this protest, women were given equal wages and equal rights under the law. though this strike was not manipulation but civil rights protest, you can see the impact of change on societal values. think about efforts to take away civil rights for one specific group of people: is the language used as a weapon? is it manipulative? deceptive? how would that impact independence and personal identities? if your civil rights were taken away, say your right to vote because of another person's manipulative argument, would you feel less independent? would you feel as though your voice mattered? would you feel more valued by society or less valued by society?good luck with your homework!jessica everyone was willing to speak against the impeachment to encourage discussion on it. 1. to connect ideas
2. due to
3. too and further
4. to keep the reader interested and to make the ideas clear
5. consequently well honestly there's honesty and then there's bluntness with lack of sensitivity to the point of being an ass. you are the latter. there's always a way to convey what you have to say and what you did was so wrong. you could have just said you weren't interested because you weren't attracted to her. [Disqus – The #1 way to build your audience](https://disqus.com/ "https://disqus.com/")

![98193d37e2.png](http://dl4.joxi.net/drive/2017/08/08/0008/0401/545169/69/98193d37e2.png)

Or [https://www.muse-themes.com/products/disqus-commenting](https://www.muse-themes.com/products/disqus-commenting "https://www.muse-themes.com/products/disqus-commenting") there are a lot of people who may be aware of what private and public means. when you say private, this can be a sector that is owned by someone in particular. a private business is something that is controlled by certain hi,

there is no one-fits-it-all framework that you can use. viktor cheng approach is good but oversimplified.  you should be flexible enough to come up with your own approaches and it comes with practice. 

i recommend the following approach:

1) start with "case in point" book - you can download this book for free everywhere. it's not the best guide on how you should approach the cases, however, it will give you the basic understanding.

2) start practicing cases with partners here or find them locally. !!! find experienced partners or coaches who can provide a good feedback!!!

3) purchase and read viktor cheng book (amazon kindle store) and listen to loms (his website). i recommend to reread the book and listen to loms every 15 cases. every time, having more experience, you’ll be finding something new.

4) practice fast math


 learn how to multiply double digit numbers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ndkkpzyjho)
 learn the division table up to 1/11 (i.e. 5/6 = 83.3)
 learn how to work with zeros (hint: 4000000 = 4*10ˆ6)
 use math tools (mimir math for ios), math tool on viktor cheng website to practice


5) below you can find a list of the most common case types and some high-level recommendations on structuring:


 market sizing - structuring from the supply or demand side. structuring using a formula or using an issue tree
 profitability - basic profitability framework. remember about different revenue streams and product mix
 market context cases (market entry, new product, acquisition, etc). always start with the big picture "market". finish with something specific to the case (e.g. how to enter?"). structure it as if you are defining the work streams for the real project.
 operational math problem (e.g. should we increase the speed of an elevator or just buy a second one? how should we reduce the queues? etc.) - structuring as a process / value chain, with inflows, operations, and outflows
 cost cutting - i provided the recommendations on structuring it here: https://www.preplounge.com/en/consulting-forum/operations-cases-mck-1105#a2134
 valuation - purely financial structure with cash flows, growth rate, wacc / hurdle rate, etc.
 synergies - revenue synergies (price, qty, mix) and cost synergies (value chain).
 social / economics cases (e.g. how to improve the quality of life in the city? how to increase the revenues of the museum?) - huge variability. practice 3-5 social cases before the interview


6) also, i would try to focus on the most common industries in the following priority(sorted by probability of getting a case): 1-retail and cpg; 2-airlines; 3-telecom; 4-banking; 5-natural resources; 6-tech

7) ! important: don't forget about the fit interview part. crafting you stories and backups stories will require a couple of weeks!

ps

here is a good list of articles regarding the different parts of the case:

1) start with clarifying questions:

https://www.preplounge.com/en/consulting-forum/clarifying-questions-1786#a3956

2) communicating while structuring. here is a long post by me on how to communicate the structure during the case study:

https://www.preplounge.com/en/consulting-forum/how-to-communicate-its-structure-for-the-case-study-1313#a2806

3) using hypothesis. i made a post about hypothesis here:

https://www.preplounge.com/en/consulting-forum/how-to-state-a-hypothesis-and-match-to-the-structure-1156#a2268

4) communicating while making calculations: 


 always tell the interviewer your approach
 check with the interviewer that your approach is correct
 come to the interviewer with some preliminary answers
 check your assumptions with the interviewer


5) communicating during the analysis of graphs / tables


 take a minute to look at the graph. read the graph title. look at the graph type and define the type (pie chart, line chart, etc). look at the legend (ask for clarifying questions if necessary). identify whats going on on the graph. look for: trends, % structures. look for unusual things - correlations, outliers,
 make 3-4 conclusions from the graph. think out loud on potential hypothesis on what could be the root cause / what are the consequences
 prioritize the most important for your current analysis and move forward with the case


6) communicating while having questions on creativity


 ask an interview for a minute to think
 think of several buckets of ideas (e.g. organic growth / non-organic growth / differentiation). remember to think as big as possible
 narrow down to each bucket and generate as many ideas as possible
 present the structure (buckets) and then your ideas


7) communicating your conclusion. you can find a good example i've posted here:

https://www.preplounge.com/en/consulting-forum/how-much-answer-first-should-the-conclusion-be-1231#a2493

8) communicating your fit stories

use the top-down approach while communicating your stories. "the pyramid principle" is the must-read by ex mckinsey on this topic.

i recommend using the star framework:


 in situation, you should briefly provide the context, usually in 1 or 2 sentences
 task usually includes 2 or 3 sentences describing the problem and your objective.
 then you provide a list of specific actions you took to achieve the goal. it should take 1 or 2 sentences per action (usually 3-4 actions). note that the interviewer can stop you any minute and ask for more details.
 the results part should have 1 or 2 sentences describing the outcomes. this part is finalizing your story - make sure it can impress the interviewer and stay in the memory.


best!