what is a network socket?
a network socket is an entry into a network. it allows transmission of data from one computer to another. engineers create a socket, tell it how to find the other computer, and then tell it to send. to receive data, a socket is created, told which computer to listen to and wait for data to come pouring in.(source: wikipedia)
VLANs, trunks and tagging are all related. As you probably know a VLAN defines a broadcast domain, trunks allows vlans to travel from switch to switch and taggings either use the InterSwitch Link (ISL) which is Cisco proprietary or the open standard 802.1q. So to put it a bit more simply a trunk permits different vlans which are tagged to traverse over the link.


A good article describing this is an [introduction to VLANs](http://archive.networknewz.com/networknewz-10-20030725IntroductiontoVLANs.html).


If you are dealing with Cisco switches [understanding knowledge of VTP](http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk689/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094c52.shtml) is also necessary.


To create a VLAN enter global configuration mode


config t  

vlan 10  

name Sales  

exit


Creates vlan 10 with the name Sales


To assign a port to this VLAN you would create an access port


e.g.


config t  

int fa0/1  

switchport access vlan 10  

switchport mode access  

exit


to assign a range of ports (0 to 5) to vlan 10  

int range fa 0/1 – 5  

switchport access vlan 10  

switchport mode access  

exit


To create a trunk link between two switches requires you set up a trunk port


on the interface


switchport mode trunk


You will need a layer 3 device such as a router or L3 switch (3750) to perform intervlan communications.


The propagation of VLANS from a master switch (VTP server) to client switches requires setting up a VTP domain if you do not want to create VLANS on each individual switch. sitting in bed with the computer saying i am online but actually watching netflix hi gerryos,there are some network communication errors showing up. how are your sonos units connected to your network? are they wired into a switch or directly into your router?it may help to reboot your router, sonos units and any other network hardware you have connected. this may clear up the network errors and help with spotify playback and the 1002 timeout errors. > 
> **$\underline{\textit{Application layer VPN's}}$**
> 
> 
> This type of VPN will work with specific applications. The most common example of this type of VPN network is seen over the SSL connections that people use to purchase items online every day. The Application layer VPN provides encrypted communication between the web browser that the visitor is using to view the item and the server that is used to process the order. There are other applications that can be protected in this way, as well. This type of VPN security requires that each different application be supported.
> 
> 
> **$\underline{\textit{Network layer VPN's}}$**
> 
> 
> A $\textit{Network layer}$ VPN functions on layer 3. Unlike Application layer VPN security, Network layer VPN security will encrypt any traffic, regardless of the different applications being used. This type of VPN is used by some of the most well-known names in Internet security. For example, Cisco uses this layer for VPNs. These VPN servers are sometimes provided under the names L2TP and GRE.
> 
> 
> **$\underline{\textit{Data Link VPN's}}$**
> 
> 
> **$\textit{Data Link VPN}$** is used when two private networks need to communicate. It is one of the most expensive types of VPN connection. Normally, the protocol used over these connections does not provide encryption, so encryption needs to be added to the connection.
> 
> 
> Windows 7 is the operating system for your computer and it must have one to function. You have to install another operating like Windows XP or Vista and then you will be able to use the net. If you have not done this before, you should propably find someone who has to help you. seat you have to forward the sip and rtp ports of the snom. (before the update this was done by a sip application layer gateway, but we had to remove this because it breaks security.)

[image]

[security announcement: mitigating nat slipstreaming - the ipfire blog](https://blog.ipfire.org/post/security-announcement-mitigating-nat-slipstreaming)

last autumn, we learned about … Do you have a laptop or desktop?


If its a desktop, do you have integrated (part of the motherboard) or discrete (card plugged into a slot in motherboard)  

networking controller?


Ususally Fedora (at least for the past several years) has had great support for ethernet controllers right 'out of the box'.


Have you used this particular machine with other operating systems and had the internet work correctly through through ethernet?


Did you create the Fedora bootable media yourself? Did you install Fedora yourself? Did you have the computer connected to the router through the ethernet cable while you did the install?


If you have a discrete networking card, you might need unusual drivers that the Fedora live media did not have.


If you did make the live media yourself, did you check the .iso file integrity before writing it?


Are other computers on the same network able to access the internet? what role/office? **only networks A, C, E and F**