what would need to happen for a specific ethnic group to become physically stronger than other ethnic groups on earth?
genetic and environmental pressure to be stronger
group isolation
good nutrition
culling of those less strong, etc.
all you can do is do your best and aim as high as you possibly can. everybody has limitations, not everybody can "win". there will always be somebody better than you in some way: taller, better looking, more money. it doesn't matter, because most people don't even strive for greatness.maybe you run that marathon and you come in like 20th or something. you didn't win. but you came 20th out of thousands of people. those thousands of people also trained, and are fitter than the average person. they guy/girl who came in 1000th, 2000th, 3000th, 10,000th place is fitter than the average person. the average person doesn't exercise at all. the average person could barely run a half a marathon, they couldn't even complete that.the same goes everywhere else. i like to lift weights. plenty of guys are bigger and stronger than me. but i'm much stronger than the average guy. 65% of guys are obese. of the remaining 35%, the majority are scrawny and out of shape. simply lifting weights regularly, eating right, and having the discipline to do that sets you apart from probably 80% of men in that area.that's all that's really required. The three civilizations are all greatest in their own way. In some ways they are similar, in some way they are different. Some researchers say Mayan is greater than Aztecs, while others claim that Inca is greater than Aztecs. stone was readily available, its strength was many times better
than wood or wattle and dorb and it held up to attack, especially
fires I'm seriously looking at covenanting for life to look after and be looked after a faith-based international communal fellowship of Bible-believing people. They live like this to follow the original Way that the first believers in the Son of God lived instead of what became of this Way as it was replaced by elements of other religions and cultures. They only consider marrying the other people in the group who have also covenanted never to leave nor forsake each other the way the Son of God implemented when He told His Disciples He would never leave nor forsake them and to Love each other as He had Loved them. You can check them out here, if you want to:  
  
twelvetribes dot org the nerves would be different for the hands and feet. see more... why do you hate other races user  countries of europe o germany  82 million people  initially was made up several tribes, royal families  unified late 1800s early 1900s  was divided after wwii  west germany = part of europe, democratic  east germany = ussr, communist  contains 16 states  highly urbanized  89% of the population  a leader in europe : manufactoring/economic stability  largest economy of europe  has the autobahn (interstate system) o france  64 million people  oldest state in europe  urban  paris 2.2 million people  contains the highest mountain in europe  mount blanc  huge in agriculture (biggest producer in europe)  cattle, grapes, cheese  known for  rich food  architecture  art o great britain  uk  62.7 million people  regions:  england, scotland, wales, northern ireland  surrounded by water:  north sea, english channel, and the atlantic ocean  the us's strongest ally  national dish:  chicken tikka masala  prominent religion  protestant o ireland  highest growing economy in the eu  uses the euro  gained independence form the uk in 1921 
  conflict between the catholics and protestants  irish republican army (ira)  english and gaelic are the national languages  strong irish influence in america  new york  boston  chicago o italy  60.5 million people  major states or regions  tuscany, milan, venice, piedmont  rich urbanized north  poor rural south  sicily is very poor and underdeveloped  origin of la cosa nostra (sicilian mafia)  milan-turin-genoa triangle  heavy manufacturing  milan is the largest city in italy o "rock" of gibraltar  2.6 sq mile area (peninsula iberian)  south spain  owned by britain  surrendered by spain in 1713 (via the war of the spanish succession)  one of the most densely populated areas in the world  12,840 people per square mile  official language is english  important militarily and economically  access to the mediterranean sea from the atlantic  recent events in ukraine o major divisions after the cold war o country divided politically  east = pro russia  west = pro europe o russia needs access to the ocean and resources  military and economic factor… o babushkas of chernobyl  self-settlers  wildlife  returning in force  invisible enemy  women who were children during stalin's reign.  starvation  stalin burned down cities and towns along with all of the agriculture. 
  lived through wwii with the nazi's.  concentration camps or forced labor.  relationships do not equal causation  the world health organization says 4000 deaths while green peace says 10000 deaths.  the women are out living the men because the men are drinking and smoking, across the world it is more accepted for a man to drink and smoke than it is for a woman.  in that case you have higher numbers of men drinking and smoking and dying from that instead of the radiation poisoning.  the town was built around chernobyl.  the people who were relocated seem to be dying sooner than the ones who came back. o russia is the biggest country by land area. o you can see alaska from russia, only 4km between the two. o physical geography  sw russia desert  main area of settlement near moscow  cannot connect to any waterways.  caspian sea o 4 regions  russian core  majority of the population  siberia  freezing  where people would be exiled  eastern frontier  desert section  separation between siberia and frontier is climate and culture  far east  not many settlements  hard to navigate the land o approximately 75% of russia is siberia has far as land area o a majority of the population lives in the russian core and the eastern frontier o physical russian geography  russian plain  west of the ural mountains; moscow (core of russia)  ural mountains (2000 miles long)  low relief mountain chain separating east/west russia  western siberia (constant elevation) 
  flat plains and forests  central siberia  moderate mountains; very cold (artic circle)  eastern highlands (mostly the yakutski basin)  one of the most remote places on earth o climate  sw desert  russian core humid continental (northern midwest into canada)  majority is subarctic. (freezing)  tundra only has a few centimeters a year that is thawed for a limited amount of time. o interesting facts about russia  continentally has a huge impact on russia's climate  similar to the upper mid-west and canada  economy is rising  it depends heavily on oil  becoming increasingly more "modern" and "western"  red square  a city square block where the government is housed  misconceptions  not called red square because it is called a communist country  not because the buildings are red  it is because the language has evolved.  used to be the slums until the 1400s o the soviet union  u.s.s.r. (cccp)  union of soviet socialistic republics  formed in 1917 after the bolshevik revolution  most citizens were very poor, unhapy with autocratic tsar systerm  industrial revolution was occuring in europe = caused  a federation of power  split of power with no true ruler  russification: the idea of replacing ethnic  areas with russians; ethnic groups moved east  command economy: a system where the government assigns sectors of production to particular areas with disregard to economic o spread of the soviet influence  after wwii, communism spread into eastern europe  china and korea 1950s  cuba in 1959 with castro 
  se asia in 1954  africa in 1970s  created tensions with the us and europe  cold war  agriculture cut off by ukraine o space race  1957 soviet union  1958 us  1965 france  1970 japan  1970 china  1971 uk  1979 esa  1980 india o post-soviet union  the russian federation  becoming more "european" culturally and politically  only 3 men have been president in the past 22 years  yeltsin  putin  medvedev  putin (again)  test april 12th o eastern europe(balkans & ukraine, rock of gibraltar) o sub-sahara africa o north africa  map quiz 6 o east asia and russia  monday 4/11 -friday 4/15  spread of religion o oldest religion  hinduism o abraham was born  ur o fastest spreading religion  islam o islam is a religion, muslim's follow islam  ddt in africa: malaria v. health risks o ethical concern  protection of the diversity of wildlife v. malaria victims dying in africa o tuberculosis is mainly in the north o diarrheal diseases due to unclean water  north africa and the middle east o interesting facts 
  the middle east is known as the "crossroads of the world" because it lies in between asia, africa and europe  hence the name "middle"  the term "arab" refers to an ethnic group not a religion  not all arabs are muslims  this confusion also exists with judaism  naswa an acronym for north africa/south-west asia  iran is the former persian empire  very large portion of the population is under 30  educated  unemployed o original three abrahamic faith  judaism (first abrahamic religions)  christianity  islam  monotheistic  the belief in one god o populations  egypt= nile river  turkey= black sea and mediterranean sea  iran= caspian sea and persian gulf  north africa = mediterranean sea  majority of populations live near water because of the dry climat o the birthplace of civilization  birthplace of man is ethiopia  fertile crescent = mesopotamia = between two rivers  neolithic = 10,000 years ago humans began to domesticate plants and animals, learned to irrigate their fields and grow the population  birthplace of many foundational concepts:  maps  60 minutes per hour; 24 hours per day  trigonometry  early medicine  irrigation  written text  the egyptian empire  highly advanced  second oldest language  hieroglyphics  writing paper, irrigation, domestication of wheat  sailing  architecture, masonry (pyramids)  polytheistic and belief of an afterlife 
  kings were called paharos  sun god rah  oil in naswa  saudi arabia number 1 oil producers in the world and the us's biggest alli in the middle east  began in iran  majority of the oil was found after ww2  opec  orgainzation of petroleum exporting countries  created to try to not have a monoply  8 naswa countries  can cause high prices for those who don't have oil  results of opec  has totally transformed the middle east since the 1960s  positives  urban transformation  infrastructure investments  industrialization  foreign investment and involvement  negatives  variable income  regional disparities  migration from other realms  nasaw dynamic  fragmented modernization  many issues in the middle east and north america  wealth disparities  most naswa people are poor, not rich  typical iranian makes $10,840 usd a year  qatar citizen makes $103,900 usd a year  religion differences internally (shia v. sunnis) and externally (christianity/judaism)  old autocratic government leaders and young populations = cultural issues  arab spring (2010-present)  started with a fruit vender. couldn't sale his fruit so in protest he set himself on fire, dying a few weeks later  spread quickly through social media  two things in common  old rulers who have been there for a long time  young, well-educated, unemployed population  cultural regions of the middle east 
  30 countries  6 regions  egypt and the lower nial = the heart  the maghred (sahara)  the middle east  largely islamic  the arabian peninsula = richest oil  the empire states = iran and turkey  turkestan  transition zone  african tz is the primary area where the sunni and the shia are having problems  egypt  suez canal  get the oil out  saudi arabia  desert  iran  iranian revolution in 1979 msom 301 exam #2 review guide chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15  50 multiple choice questions worth one point each (plus an extra credit question worth one point)  review (don’t memorize) all powerpoint slides on blackboard and your notes  bring a #2 pencil and a blank scantron form, and valid gmu id.  i post your grade on blackboard; i do not return the test. please note – the number of questions given below for each chapter might not equal to  the number of topics since, in a few instances, there is more than one question on a topic. chapter 9 ­ 9 questions  managing diversity/providing opportunities o managing diversity and inclusion­ managing a culturally diverse  workforce by recognizing the characteristics common to specific group of  employees while dealing with such employees as individuals and  supporting, nurturing, and utilizing their differences to the organization’s  advantage o equal employment opportunity (eeo): “freedom from discrimination on the basis of sex, color, religion, national origin, disability, and age”  diversity management programs­ value and leverage diversity  of all stakeholders—from employees to customers—to achieve  competitive advantage  affirmative action­ special efforts to recruit and hire qualified  members of groups that have been discriminated against in the  past  hostile work environment occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct “has the  purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with job performance or creating an  intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.” o i.e. persistent or pervasive displays of pornography, lewd or suggestive  remarks, and demeaning taunts or jokes  sexual harassment­ conduct of a sexual nature that has negative  consequences for employment  glass ceiling­ metaphor for an invisible barrier that makes it difficult to rise  above a certain level in the organization  employee support groups can provide emotional and career support for  members who traditionally haven’t been included in the majority’s informal group o i.e. apple has a jewish culture group, gay/lesbian group, african­ american group, and technical women’s group  anticipated labor force  o by 2050:  the percent of whites in the labor force will decrease to about  48.2%  1/3 of workers will be of hispanic origin  hispanics are the largest and fastest­growing minority  percentage of black workers will slightly increase to 12.4% 1 
  asians will make up 8.6% of all civilian workers o  phased retirement­ allow older employees to work fewer hours per week o retirees return to work because employers don’t want to lose their  accumulated knowledge, willingness to work nontraditional shifts, and  their reliable work habits chapter 10 ­ 10 questions   strategic leadership is a behavior that gives purpose and meaning to  organizations, envisioning and creating a positive future  sources of power o legitimate power­ leader has the right or authority to tell people what to  do; employees are obliged to comply with legitimate order o reward power­ leader influences others because s/he controls valued  rewards; employees comply to receive those rewards o coercive power­ leader has control over punishments; employees comply to avoid punishments o referent power­ leader has personal characteristics that appeal to others; employees comply because they like the leader, desire for approval, or  want to be that leader o expert power­ leader has certain expertise or knowledge; employees  comply because they believe in, can learn from, or otherwise gain from  that expertise  traits of effective leaders o drive­ set of characteristics that reflect a high level of effort, including high need for achievement, constant striving for improvement, ambition,  energy, tenacity (persistence in the face of obstacles), and initiative o leadership motivation  extraversion is consistently related to leadership emergence and  leadership effectiveness o integrity­ correspondence between actions and words o self­confidence­ ability to overcome obstacles, makes decisions despite  uncertainty, and instills confidence in others o knowledge of the business: leaders should have a high level of  knowledge about their industries, companies, and technical matters  leaders should also have intelligence to interpret vast quantities of information  behavioral approach­ leadership perspective that attempts to identify what  good leaders do­­ that is, what behaviors they exhibit 2 
  decision styles o autocratic­ leader makes decisions on his/her own and then announces  those decisions to the group  results in higher performance than democratic style o democratic­ leader solicits input from subordinates  results in the most positive attitudes o laissez­faire­ leader essentially makes no decisions o situational approach­ leadership perspective proposing that universally  important traits and behaviors do not exist, and that effective leadership  behavior varies from situation to situation  participation in decision­making o autocratic leadership­ leader makes decisions on his/her own and then  announces those decisions to the group o democratic leadership­ leader solicits input from subordinates o laissez­faire­ leadership philosophy characterized by an absence of  managerial decision making  university of michigan studies concluded that task­oriented behavior and  relationship­oriented behavior should be exhibited in order to be an effective  manager  situational approach­ leadership perspective proposing that universally  important traits and behaviors do not exist, and that effective leadership behavior varies from situation to situation  vroom model­ situational model that focuses on the participative dimension of  leadership o factors used to analyze problems  decision significance  importance of commitment  leader’s expertise  likelihood of commitment  group support for objectives  group expertise  team competence  fiedler’s contingency model of leadership effectiveness postulated that  effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to  which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the  situation chapter 11 ­ 13 questions  four consequences of behavior o positive reinforcement­ applying a consequence that increases the  likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior that led to it o negative reinforcement­ removing or withholding an unpleasant  consequence o punishment­ administer an aversive consequence o extinction­ withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.  when this occurs, motivation is reduced, and the behavior is  extinguished, or eliminated  expectancy theory­ theory proposes that people will behave based on their  perceived likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and on how  highly they value that outcome 3 
 o  abraham maslow’s need hierarchy­ human needs theory postulating that  people are motivated to satisfy unmet needs in a specific order o  erg theory postulates that people have three basic sets of needs that can  operate simultaneously o existence needs­ all materials and physiological desires o relatedness needs­ relationships with other people and are satisfied  through the process of mutually sharing thoughts and feelings o growth needs­ motivate people to productively or creatively change  themselves or their environment  extrinsic and intrinsic rewards o extrinsic reward­ reward given to a person by the boss, the company, or some other person (i.e. praise, paycheck, bonuses) o intrinsic reward­ reward a worker derives directly from performing the  job itself (i.e. sense of accomplishment)  job enlargement­ giving people additional tasks at the same time to alleviate  boredom  job enrichment­ changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding,  motivating, and satisfying o hackman and oldham model of job enrichment 4 
   skill variety­ different job activities involving several skills and  talents  task identity­ completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work  task significance­ important, positive impact on the lives of others  meaning, responsibility and feedback provide motivation  autonomy­ independence and discretion in making decisions  feedback­ information about job performance  growth need strength­ degree to which individuals want  personal and psychological development  herzberg’s two­factor theory describes two factors that affect people’s work  motivation and satisfaction o hygiene factors­ workplace characteristics (i.e. policies, working  conditions, pay, supervision) that could make employees dissatisfied o motivators­ nature of the work itself, actual job responsibilities,  opportunity for personal growth and recognition, and the feelings of  achievement the job provides  empowerment­ process of sharing power with employees, thereby enhancing  their confidence in their ability to perform their jobs and their belief that they are  influential contributors to the organization  procedural justice­ using a fair process in decision making and making sure  others know that the process was as fair as possible chapter 12 ­ 11 questions  group and team definitions o group­ collection of people who interact to undertake a task but do not  necessarily perform as a unit or achieve significant performance  improvements o team­ small number of people with complementary skills who are  committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and  approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable  traditional environment vs new team environment o traditional work groups were closely supervised 5 
 o today’s teams have more authority and often are self­managed o teams are now used in many more ways than in the past   look at exhibit 12.1 in the textbook  types of teams o work teams­ teams that make or do things, such as manufacture, sell,  assemble, or provide service o project and development teams­ teams that work on long­term projects  but disband once the work is completed o parallel teams­ teams that operate separately from regular work  structure and exist temporarily o management teams­ teams that coordinate and give direction to the  subunits under their jurisdiction and integrate work among subunits o transnational teams­ work groups composed of multinational members  whose activities span multiple countries o virtual teams­ teams that are physically dispersed and communicate  electronically more than face­to­face  stages of team development o  team leader roles o task specialist­ individual who has more advanced job­related skills and abilities than other group members possess o team maintenance specialist­ individual who develops and maintains  team harmony  groupthink occurs when a tightly knit group is very cooperative that agreeing  with one another’s opinions and refraining from criticizing others’ ideas become  norms  social loafing­ working less hard and being less productive when in a group  conflict management strategies o avoidance­ ignoring the problem by doing nothing at all, or  deemphasizing the disagreement o accommodation­ style of dealing with conflict involving cooperation on  behalf of the other party but not being assertive about one’s own interests 6 
 o compromise­ style of dealing with conflict involving moderate attention  to both parties’ concerns o competing­ style of dealing with conflict involving strong focus on one’s  own goals and little or no concern for the other person’s goals o collaboration­ style of dealing with conflict emphasizing both  cooperation and assertiveness to maximize both parties’ satisfaction chapter 15 ­ 8 questions  world­class organization o requires applying the best and latest knowledge and ideas and having  the ability to operate at the highest standards of any place anywhere o world­class companies create high­value products and earn superior  profits over the long run.  o they implement more effective and competitive organizational strategies,  structures, processes, and management of human resources o the result is an organization capable of competing successfully on a  global basis  chief information officer responsibilities include: o coordinating the technological efforts of the business units,  o representing technology in the top management team, o identifying ways that technology can support the company’s strategy, o supervising new technology development, o assessing the technological implications of major strategic initiatives such as acquisitions, new ventures, and strategic alliances o managing organization’s information technology (it) group   “tyranny of the or”­ belief that things must be either a or b and cannot be both o “genius of the and”­ ability to achieve multiple objectives at the same time  organizational development (od)­ systemwide application of behavioral  science knowledge to develop, improve, and reinforce the strategies, structures,  and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness o  human resources management o od intervention: attracting good people, setting goals, and appraising and rewarding performance  reasons for resisting change o inertia o timing o surprise 7 
 o peer pressure o self­interest o misunderstanding o different assessments o management tactics  force­field analysis­ approach to implementing lewin’s  unfreezing/moving/refreezing model by involving identifying the forces that  prevent people from changing and those that will drive people toward change o unfreezing­ realize that current practices are inappropriate and that new  behavior is necessary o moving­ instituting the change o refreezing­ strengthening the new behaviors that support the change  proactive change­ anticipating and preparing for an uncertain future; implies  being a leader and creating the future you want 8 nothing beats intense gym workout We can't actually live in an equality no matter what ink on paper says. The thing is that so long that there is a disparity between male and female rights groups representation there won't be equality.   
  
Normally you first do a cultural revolution and then turn the politics according to how the culture is.   
  
Lots of women's rights movements however are getting men's rights movements being liquidated by the government. Its a common tactic that leftist pressure groups do repeatedly.  
  
There is never going to be equality because politics is the very platform where groups in a given society go to represent their interests, and their interests alone. Feminists have fought for women's rights, now that they have it, they fight for women's interests.  
  
An activist group has only so much human and financial resources so they are putting them into strategic positions much like a military would do with their units. They use their movement's strong points on the weak points of the opponent, or the problem they want changed.  
  
Women's right advocates are invited to have a talk at the government, UN, universities, etc. Men's rights? lol nope.  
  
there's not going to be equality because the political environment doesn't actually serve the purpose for an equality to exist in strategic terms at least.