solution - which of the following compounds can have a double bond? c4h10; c5h8; c5h10 - versatile nature of carbon - nomenclature of carbon compounds
which of the following compounds can have a double bond?c4h10; c5h8; c5h10
c5h10 can have a double bond because it satisfies the general formula for alkenes i.e., cnh2n. here, there are 5 carbon atoms; hence, n is 5. substituting n in the formula cnh2n, we get, `c\_5h\_(2xx5)=c\_5h\_10`
there are 3 types of hybridisation for carbon in organic compounds, sp, sp2 and sp3 depending on the number of sigma and pi bonds between the carbon atoms. more the ‘s’ character more is the electronegativity of the carbon as ‘s’ orbitals are closer to the nucleus, hence electrons held more closely. a) van der waals (present, all molecule/atoms contain it)[readmore](b) dipole-dipole (present, c=o creates a partial charge on c and o)(c) hydrogen bonding (not present, h-bonds are only present in compounds with h attached on o, n or f)(d) ion-ion (not present, only appears on compound with full charges) i. given:valency of carbon is 4valency of chlorine is 1by applying criss-cross method:formula: ccl4thus, the formula for carbon tetrachloride is ccl4.ii. given:valency of element x is 1valency of oxygen is 2by applying criss-cross method:formula: x2o we are going to do the following steps:step 1: determine the classification of the compoundstep 2: write the formula of the compound[readmore]step 1: determine the classification of the compoundrecall the definition of the following:ionic compound - usually made up of a metal and a non-metalcovalent compound - composed of more than one nonmetal togetheracid - substance whose molecules yield hydrogen ions (h+) when dissolved in waterhydrate - substance that contains water or its constituent elementsfor cobaltic iodidecobaltic – metaliodide – nonmetalmetal + nonmetal = ionicstep 2: write the formula of the compoundthe rules for naming ionic compounds are as follows:1. the metal keeps its name and is named and written first.– for transition metals, we use roman numerals to denote its charge.2. the nonmetal keeps its base name but has its ending changed to –ide.for cobaltic iodidecobaltic  → transition metal → +2 charge → co2+iodide → group 7a → -1 charge → i-criss-cross the charges and make them the subscript of the other ioncobaltic iodide → coi2answer: cobaltic iodide is an ionic compound with a formula of coi2 we are being asked to classify the following reactions based on the following categories:combination/synthesis → multiple reactants combine to form a single productw/o change in oxidation numbersa + b → abdecomposition →reactant splits into multiple products with no change in oxidation numbersab → a + bcombustion reaction: reaction with oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and waterhydrocarbon + o2 → co2 + h2osingle displacement →single element displaces another element in a compoundab + c → ac + b[readmore]let’s analyze the given reactionsa. fe2(co3)2 (s) → fe2o3(s) + 2co2(g) break down of fe2(co3)2(s) to its component ions → decomposition reactionanswer: this is a decomposition reaction.b. 2 c6h11oh(l) + 17 o2(g) → 12co2 (g) + 12h2o(l) reaction with oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and water → combustion reactionanswer: this is a combustion reaction.c. p4o10(s) + 6h2o(l) → 4h3po4(aq) two or more substances combine to form a single compound → combination reactionanswer: this is a combination reaction.d. 2c(s) + mno2(s) → mn(s) + 2co(g) substitute one element for another element in a compound →single-displacement reaction answer: this is a single-displacement reactione. 2naclo3 (s) → 2nacl(s) + 3o2(g)break down of compound into its simpler substances → decomposition reactionanswer: this is a decomposition reaction a) he helium (he) is an element by itself. he atom can only exhibit dispersion forces.b) hclh          1a                   1 × 1 e– = 1 e–cl         7a                   1 × 7 e– = 7 e–   total: 8 valence e–[readmore]cl is more electronegative than h, so hcl is a polar covalent compound. hcl exhibits dipole-dipole interaction.c) h2oh          1a                   1 × 2 e– = 2 e–o          6a                   1 × 6 e– = 6 e–   total: 8 valence e– since hydrogen is bonded directly to oxygen.h2o exhibits hydrogen bonding.d) cl2cl         7a                   1 × 7 e– = 14 valence e–composed of the same atom. there's no electronegativity difference.cl2 can only exhibit dispersion forces. we’re being asked which of the given compounds is a lewis acid and lewis base. let’s first define a lewis acid and a lewis base.based on the lewis definition:lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.some characteristics of a lewis acid:• when hydrogen is connected to an electronegative element such as p, o, n, s or halogens▪ hydrogen gains a partially positive charge → makes hydrogen act as a lewis acid• positively charged metal ions[readmore]▪ can accept negative electron pairs → can act as lewis acids• central element that has less than 8 valence electrons around it▪ more likely to accept an electron pair to follow the octet rule▪ can accept electron pair → can act as lewis acidlewis base is an electron pair donor.some characteristics of a lewis base:• compounds that have lone pair(s) on a central element can act as lewis bases. • compounds that possess a negative charge can act as lewis bases. let’s draw the lewis structure of each given compound and check which of them can act as a lewis acid and lewis base.step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.step 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.   step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule.a) cs2step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.c is less electronegative than s → c will be the central atomstep 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.                group             valence electronsc         4a                   1 x 4 e‑ = 4 e-s         6a                   2 x 6 e‑ = 12 e-              total: 16 valence e- step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule• c has a total of 8 e- electrons around it and has a lone pair→ complete octet▪ can act as a lewis acidb) sh−step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.only two atom → no central atomstep 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.                group             valence electronss         6a                   1 x 6 e‑ = 6 e-h        1a                   1 x 1 e‑ = 1 e-from -1 charge:                     +1 e-              total: 8 valence e- step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule▪ has a negative charge▪ can act as a lewis baseanswer: sh- is the lewis base and its lewis structure is cs2 is the lewis acid and its lewis structure is 0.10m hc2h3o2 and 0.10m lic2h3o2 [readmore]typed answer- butanal is a four c chain aldehyde- nabh4 is a strong reducing agent that reduces carbonyls into alcohol- butanal will be reduced to butanol with this reagent ions are responsible for the conductivity of electricity but in case of covalent compounds there are no free ions. so, covalent compounds are poor conductor of electricity. tagging|||chemistry||metals and non metals||reaction of metals and non metals