why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
ions are responsible for the conductivity of electricity but in case of covalent compounds there are no free ions. so, covalent compounds are poor conductor of electricity. tagging|||chemistry||metals and non metals||reaction of metals and non metals
a) he helium (he) is an element by itself. he atom can only exhibit dispersion forces.b) hclh          1a                   1 × 1 e– = 1 e–cl         7a                   1 × 7 e– = 7 e–   total: 8 valence e–[readmore]cl is more electronegative than h, so hcl is a polar covalent compound. hcl exhibits dipole-dipole interaction.c) h2oh          1a                   1 × 2 e– = 2 e–o          6a                   1 × 6 e– = 6 e–   total: 8 valence e– since hydrogen is bonded directly to oxygen.h2o exhibits hydrogen bonding.d) cl2cl         7a                   1 × 7 e– = 14 valence e–composed of the same atom. there's no electronegativity difference.cl2 can only exhibit dispersion forces. magnesium atom loses 2 electrons to attain a stable electronic configuration and becomes a cation. example: a non-metallic atom like chlorine gains 1 electron to attain a stable electronic configuration and becomes an anion. example: cations and anions are oppositely charged particles which attract one another to form an electrovalent bond leading to the formation of an electrovalent compound here magnesium donates one electron each with two chlorine atoms resulting in the formation of magnesium chloride. a) van der waals (present, all molecule/atoms contain it)[readmore](b) dipole-dipole (present, c=o creates a partial charge on c and o)(c) hydrogen bonding (not present, h-bonds are only present in compounds with h attached on o, n or f)(d) ion-ion (not present, only appears on compound with full charges) we’re being asked which of the given compounds is a lewis acid and lewis base. let’s first define a lewis acid and a lewis base.based on the lewis definition:lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.some characteristics of a lewis acid:• when hydrogen is connected to an electronegative element such as p, o, n, s or halogens▪ hydrogen gains a partially positive charge → makes hydrogen act as a lewis acid• positively charged metal ions[readmore]▪ can accept negative electron pairs → can act as lewis acids• central element that has less than 8 valence electrons around it▪ more likely to accept an electron pair to follow the octet rule▪ can accept electron pair → can act as lewis acidlewis base is an electron pair donor.some characteristics of a lewis base:• compounds that have lone pair(s) on a central element can act as lewis bases. • compounds that possess a negative charge can act as lewis bases. let’s draw the lewis structure of each given compound and check which of them can act as a lewis acid and lewis base.step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.step 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.   step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule.a) cs2step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.c is less electronegative than s → c will be the central atomstep 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.                group             valence electronsc         4a                   1 x 4 e‑ = 4 e-s         6a                   2 x 6 e‑ = 12 e-              total: 16 valence e- step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule• c has a total of 8 e- electrons around it and has a lone pair→ complete octet▪ can act as a lewis acidb) sh−step 1: determine the central atom in this molecule.only two atom → no central atomstep 2: calculate the total number of valence electrons present.                group             valence electronss         6a                   1 x 6 e‑ = 6 e-h        1a                   1 x 1 e‑ = 1 e-from -1 charge:                     +1 e-              total: 8 valence e- step 3: draw the lewis structure for the molecule▪ has a negative charge▪ can act as a lewis baseanswer: sh- is the lewis base and its lewis structure is cs2 is the lewis acid and its lewis structure is an alloy is combination of a metal and a non metal. so it has partial characteristics of metal and non metal. being analloy the ions it it are randomly arranged. it does not have a specific arrangement of ions. hence the flow of electrons in this is more. the this feature of alloy leads to increase in resistivity due to free crystal lattice. we know that metals have high melting point but an alloy has low melting point beacause the presence of a non metal in it behaves as an impurity and restricts in raising to high melting point. due to high melting point the it takes a lot of current to melt and leads in slow movement of electrons which makes the device less efficient. therefore electronic device requires the metal of low melting point. an alloy plays the best role in the elctronic device like electric iron and heater. In chemistry, a dangling bond is an unsatisfied valence on an immobilized atom.  
  
In order to gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells many atoms will form covalent bonds with other atoms. In the simplest case, that of a single bond, two atoms each contribute one unpaired electron, and the resulting pair of electrons is shared between both atoms. Atoms which possess too few bonding partners to satisfy their valences and which possess unpaired electrons are termed free radicals; so, often, are molecules containing such atoms. When a free radical exists in an immobilized environment, for example, a solid, it is referred to as an &quot;immobilized free radical&quot; or a &quot;dangling bond&quot;. dear student,
we know that,after the discovery of electrons, we got to know that
electrons are the particles that flow in a conductor electrons
being the negatively charged particles flow from the negative
terminal to the positive terminal and for current now, electric or
conventional current is the rate of flow of charge so, the
direction of the current should be same as the direction of the
charge, i e positive charge(conventionally), so the direction is
opposite to the flow of the negative charge(flow of electrons)
hence, the direction of the flow of electrons is opposite to the
direction of electric(or conventional) current
regards Because only HBr produces a Br-radical (in presence of peroxide), which then reacts with the double bond. It is considered that HF and HCl are too stable to produce free radicals. HI produces I-radicals, but they have not enough activity for starting of radical chain reaction.  
This is also known as “the peroxide effect” or “the Kharasch effect”. recall that there are several types of intermolecular forces:1. ion-dipole interaction – occurs between an ion and a polar covalent compound2. hydrogen bonding – occurs in compounds where hydrogen is directly connected to an electronegative element such as n, o, or f3. dipole-dipole interaction – occurs between two polar covalent compounds4. induced-dipole interaction – occurs when a nonpolar compound interacts with a polar compound5. dispersion forces – occurs in all compounds. this is the primary intermolecular force exhibited by nonpolar compounds.[readmore]although hcl is a polar molecule, it still exhibits dispersion forces because it occurs in all compounds of the two different tools, research has shown that electrical conductivity diamond testers are much better than thermal conductivity diamond testers. they are higher in price, but much more accurate. heat testers are much cheaper but their accuracy is not as high, so may not get as good results. electricity-based diamond tester