which is brighter: a 60w bulb dimmed to 25w or a 25w bulb at full brightness? explain with math if you can.?
assume that both bulbs are similar in every other way. i'm looking for maximum brightness on a limited budget and power supply. incandescent is the only option.
let's be clear, here: luminosity, "lumen output", "light output", or whatever you want to call the light intensity of a bulb is not a direct function of filament temperature. that's a gross ignorance and nothing more.
incandescents are rated by the power they use and nothing else. the color temperature is a function of the filament and the power applied. most filaments are tungsten so the filament can never heat above 3,700 kelvin, the melting point of tungsten.

so, most filaments are limited to 2,000 to 3,300 kelvin. this is the resulting color temperature and why some lights are whiter and some are more yellow., the latter tending to last longer since they are cooler or "warm" light.
in other words, a 100 watt bulb and a 40 watt bulb operate at the same filament temperature if they are both the same type of bulb, but the 100 watt bulb produces more of it. the "light output" , is not a function of filament temperature as veeyesvee and tony rb asserted.
so, a 60 watt bulb, tony, better produce more lumens than a 25 watt bulb, or what's the point of the other 35 watts? can someone design a really ineffecient transducer? sure... a toaster makes a terrible light source considering the power it consumes.
the real answer lies in the fact that the filament is not a linear resistance ( see below).

the hotter the bulb gets, the more efficient it becomes in producing light and a 60 watt bulb is about 14.2 lumens per watt where a 25 watt bulb is 8 lumens/watt.

the amount of light produced by a bulb depends on the ratings vs applied. since all you can vary is the voltage:
raise the voltage ratio to the 3.5 power to get equivalent luminosity.
life would be the -12th power of the voltage ratio.
and current is the .55 power of the voltage ratio.

(v2/v1)^3.5 = .235 (since 200lm/850lm = .235) 
(v2/v1)^3.5 = .235 ==> v2 = 120 * .661 = 79.34 volts

(v2/v1)^.55 = i2/.5 (60/120 = .5) ==> i2 = .398 a

79.34 x .398 = 31.6 w
or v2/v1 * (v2/v1) ^.55 = .52 power ratio and 60 * .52 = 31.6 w

so, the 60 watt bulb would need 32 watts of power to generate 200 lumen.
(i) there will be no effect on glow of other two bulbs and will remain same when b1 gets fused because glowing of bulb depends on power and the potential difference and resistance remains same of other two bulbs.(ii) when there are parallel connections:net resistance will be 1/r = 1/r1+1/r2+1/r3since resistance is same so, r’ = r/3applying ohm’s law v= irr =4.5Ωsince b2 gets fused, so now only two bulbs b1 and b3 are in paralleltherefore net resistance in parallel 1/r’ =2/rr’ = 4.5/2 Ωi = v/r’ = 2×4.5/4.5i = 2aso, current will be distributed in both the bulbs as 1 a each.(iii) power dissipated when all three bulbs glow togetherp = v × ip= 4.5 × 3 = 13.5 w ye they call it app cus its “in”, everything is an app lol. anyhow…

the qubino one is much better in all ways, and its working with the latest update.

i would just swap it out for a new one of the same modell.

qubino has the best dimmers of all competitors. dim without almost no load is 1 thing t… we are required to state the effect of one of the laws governing brightness. apparent brightness:b=l4πd2 where b is apparent brightness, l is intrinsic luminosity, and d is the distance from the source. [readmore]as the distance increases, the apparent brightness gets fainter as the distance from the source increases. the fainting brightness is accounted for by the spreading out of photons: as light travels away from its source, the photons get spread out over increasingly greater areas. the more the light is spread out, the fainter it appears in any given patch of area (for example, the small patch of the area covered by the opening in your eye)the correct choice is:d. far from the source, photons spread over a larger area. given : five defective bulbs are accidently mixed with 20 good ones.to find : probability distribution from this lotformula used :five defective bulbs are accidently mixed with 20 good ones.total number of bulbs = 25x denote the number of defective bulbs drawnx can draw the value 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.since the number of bulbs drawn is 4, n = 4p(0) = p(getting a no defective bulb) = = = p(1) = p(getting 1 defective bulb and 3 good ones) = = p(1) = = p(2) = p(getting 2 defective bulbs and 2 good one) = p(2) = = = p(3) = p(getting 3 defective bulbs and 1 good one) = p(3) = = p(4) = p(getting all defective bulbs) = = = p(4) = the probability distribution table is as follows, because i only had 10 dollars on me, my choices between having a burger meal and a pizza meal for lunch were mutually exclusive.

this light cannot be both on and off at the same time because they are mutually exclusive events.

you can, of course, have your cake and eat it too. those two thing are not mutually exclusive. trueexplanation: physical balance is very sensitive and used in labs for measuring. it is similar to beam balance. it can measure small differences in mass up to milligram. If the security light is blinking it will not start. The security system needs to be reset. You will have to have a fully charged battery to reset the system. With a full charged battery turn the ignition forward until the warning lights come on and leave the key in the on position for 15min. Turn key off and wait 10sec. then try and start.You may have to perform this procedure a couple of times, however, it is usually successful the first try. The reduced power light can be set by a low voltage/poor charge battery @derek higgs interesting, mine lights up the kitchen like daylight normally! thanks for this, if you go into settings, there’s a setting called backlight which has options on or 1 min; i cahnged mine to 1 min, just nipped downstairs (at 12:02 am) and the kitchen is in darkness! i’m unsure when it went off but if you change the backlight to “on” it will light up all night. peter since the image is formed on the screen, the image is real. a concave lens cannot form a real image. therefore, the lens is convex.object distance, u = -30 cmimage distance, v = +60 cmaccording to lens formula:f = +20 cmmagnification of convex lens, m = thus the image of the candle flame is 6 cm high and inverted (as indicated by the –ve sign) if you want it cleaner you have to use more particles.

try with the vanilla emitter helppatch whats the particle max for your system.

test it adding one component at a time to find out what causes the particlesystem to not funktion any more.