Infra cost calculation

Why do we need to subtract 10% from the Infra cost calculation. It is stated that consumption decreases by 10%, how to conclude it is 10% implication on Infra.


Rgds,


M.
Max 

Hello Max,


There is a little typo on the solution. In a warmer winter you will have gas consumption reduced by 10%, that implies a reduction of 10% of sales and variable costs (the hypothesis is to consider them linearly dependant).


Talink about the Infrastructure costs, they are composed by fixed (60%) and variable(40%) costs. Applying the saving on the variable part you have:


240*40%*10%=9.6  

  

So that the new Infrastructure costs will be 240-9.6=230.4  

  

Does it make sense?  

Feel free to contact me if you have any doubt.  

  

Luca
answer: (3) recognition of costs associated with the acquisition of the fixed assets on the income statement. none of the costs associated with the acquisition of the fixed assets (mowing equipment and truck) have been recognized as expenses on the income statement.the fixed assets of the business provide benefits to the company and its users over its economic lite. depreciation allocates the cost of long-term fixed assets to expense over its useful/ economic lite. the benefit provided by the company during the period should be recognized as an expense in that period.the recognition of depreciation expense on the income statement will result in reducing the net income. please find the attached solution in doc file. it just means to treat something as an expense. for a very simple example, let's say your business made $1,000 in sales for the year. if your only expense for the year was $400 of supplies that you 'write-off' then your net profit is $600. sometimes people refer to a write-off when they are expensing something through their business that they actually bought for personal use, which is not allowed under irs regulations. hi @sam\_cat - there was another topic on this query. i can't find it, so i've tweaked yours to make it more searchable moving forwards. 

this is to do with the direct debit figure. we look at your prices for the two year plan, and the annual consumption of the property, getting an annual spend and a monthly cost (if you divide that figure by 12). the tariff that you're on now just displays your current direct debit, which will of course take into account your current credit balance. 

tim **Basic essential elements of positive sports environment are of utmost importance, which are as follows:-**

**(a) Infra structural setup :-** The architectural design of infrastructure should consider the following factors such as purpose and need of setting up must be made clear, how much area required for those activities, natural or other sources available, industrial pollution, facilities to be provided for players or spectators, Spectators Sitting Capacity, finances or funds available. 

**(b) Facilities and its maintenance :-** In sports environment the playing equipments should be of very good standard. The playing area should be well maintained, marked properly, regularly cleaned up and safe for performing activity. There should be safe provision of drinking water, washrooms, changing rooms etc. There should be provision of emergency exit point along with proper first aid facility. 

**(c) Players, Expert Staff and organisation :-** Sports environment is meant for players. Players should also be guided and given proper training. The staff must be well qualified with good experience in related fields. There should be proper administration and organisation among staff members. Players should be inculcated towards good habits, moral values, sports ethics, sportsman qualities etc. In sports environment we should also encourage people who provide help or promote and help to improve sports environment. dear student,

any new policy/ implementation on economy will create problems
initially similarly gst will initially create some issues for
taxpayers in the long run, gst will have quite a favourable impact
on indian economy some sectors will have more favourable impact
compared to others under the proposed gst gst will have favourable impact on
organised logistic industry and modernised warehousing
gst will remove cascading
effect of taxes gst will increase national income in long run

regards to find: limitsnote: first check the form of imit. used this method if the limit is satisfying any one from 7 indeterminate form.in this case, indeterminate form is formula used: = 1so, by using the above formula, we have = = therefore, = <p>consumption is a basic human activity and it is very essential for the survival of any human being.</p><p><em><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">utility</span></strong></em><em><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">-</span></strong></em></p>
<p>consumption is a basic human activity and it is very essential for the survival of any human being. it, in fact, continues from birth to death. we undertake consumption for the satisfaction of our wants, which can be both physical and psychological. in order to have a proper understanding of the process of consumption we must understand the following words:</p>
<p><em><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">(i) want:</span></strong></em></p>
<p>want is a feeling of mental pain, or an experience of lack of satisfaction, which a person feels for not getting a thing. this can he both for physical as well as psychological reasons. if the thing or commodity, in the absence of which we are feeling the pain, is received then our want is fulfilled, that is to say, the feeling of pain disappears. wants lead to an action designed to provide satisfaction. wants have several characteristics.</p>
<p><strong>the first</strong> is that they are unlimited in number. even as we satisfy some of the wants, we get accustomed to new wants.</p>
<p><strong>the second</strong> characteristic is that they are competitive in nature. wants compete with each other for limited resources which a person possesses. this gives rise to choice making as we have already seen in an earlier chapter.</p>
<p><strong>the third </strong>characteristic is their complementarity. it means that many wants go together. one gives rise to another and the satisfaction of one is not complete without satisfying the other also.</p>
<p><strong>the fourth</strong> characteristic of the wants is their recurrent nature. it implies that from the first unit of consumption, but the utility received from the second unit of consumption is 14 only and the total utility for 2 units, therefore, becomes 15 + 14 = 29. the third unit of consumption gives us a utility of 11 only and the total utility becomes 29 + 11 = 40. in this way, the marginal utility goes on diminishing and it finally reaches zero also for the 10th unit of consumption. this means that this commodity is no longer is a position to given any satisfaction. this is also called the <strong>point of satiety</strong>. if somebody still insists on taking an additional unit, then the marginal utility becomes negative and the total utility starts falling. we also find that the total utility is nothing but a summation of individual utilities of each successive unit, and the marginal utility is nothing but an addition to the total utility. we can also show it as follows.</p>
<p>                                           </p>
<p>                                                   <strong>mun = tun - tun-1</strong></p>
<p>where,</p>
<p>mun =  marginal utility of n units</p>
<p>tun =  total utility of n units </p>
<p>tun-1 =  total utility of n-1 units</p>
<p> </p>
<p>if we analyse the above situation we can say, that as we go on taking some units of consumption, our wants go on being partially satisfied. therefore, the intensity of want goes on diminishing and accordingly, the satisfaction also goes on diminishing. after 9 units our want has been fully satisfied and therefore, the next unit would not give any satisfaction and the utility derived from the next unit becomes '0' and after that it becomes negative or in other words the utility becomes disutility:</p>
<p>the above phenomenon is called the <strong>law of diminishing marginal utility</strong>, which can be stated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.6344%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 97.2879%;">
<p><strong>note -  </strong></p>
<p>the law of diminishing marginal utility was first given by a german writer <strong>hermann heinrich gossen</strong> in the middle of <strong>nineteenth century</strong>. it is, therefore, also called as <strong>'the first law of gossen'</strong>. similarly, the law of equimarginal utility is called <strong>'the second law of gossen'. </strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>“as we go on consuming more than one unit of consumption, the utility derived from each successive unit of consumption goes on diminishing."</strong></em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>here, it needs to be clarified that marginal utility would be diminishing but at what rate it would be diminishing, is not certain. in the above table we find that sometimes it falls by 1, sometimes by 2 and sometimes by 3 units. it is also to be noted that, it is possible in some cases that initially the marginal utility is increasing, but the phenomenon of increasing marginal utility would be restricted to only first few units of consumption. after that, the application of the law of diminishing marginal utility is inevitable.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><em><strong>assumptions of the law -</strong></em></span></p>
<p>the law of diminishing marginal utility is based on the following assumptions.</p>
<p>1. all units of consumption of the commodity are homogeneous in nature i.e. they are exactly the same in size, quantity, quality etc.</p>
<p>2. there is no time gap between the different units of consumption i.e. the process of consumption continues without a time lag.</p>
<p>3. the taste and choice of the consumer for the commodity does not change.</p>
<p>4. this law also assumes that the marginal utility of money is constant (although some economists do not agree with it).</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p> no minimum, there was a annual review part on tesla channel recently and off the numbers i saw without promotion, increments varied between 2.5 to 10 percent migration is a response to the uneven distribution of opportunities over space. people tend to move from a place of low opportunity and low safety to the place of higher opportunity and better safety. this has both positive and negative effects.the economic consequence of migration in india are:a) the biggest plus point is the remittances sent from abroad to the home country. it is one of the major sources of foreign exchange.b) in 2002, india received the us $ 11 billion as remittances from international migrants.c) the maximum amount is received by punjab, kerala and tamil nadu.d) the amount of remittances sent by the internal migrants is low as compared to international migrants.e) internal migrants also play an important role in the growth of the economy. (i) here current (i) = 1 a, resistance (r) = 300 ohm, time(t) = 1hwe know thatp = i2r = 12 x 300 = 300 we = p x t = 300 x 1 = 300 wh(ii) here current (i) = 2 a resistance(r) = 100 ohm, time (t) = 1hwe know thatp = i2r = 22 x 100 = 400 we = p x t = 400 x 1 = 400 whhence, in case (ii), the electrical energy consumed per hour is more.