[is PLA gasoline, diesel or chemical resistant?](/485 "is PLA gasoline, diesel or chemical resistant?")



can PLA be used to print out containers or other parts that are in direct contact with gasoline, diesel or other hard chemical substances? Will it start degrading when in contact with said chemicals? Should I use ABS for this?
I have used both ABS and PLA for diesel gas caps and oil plugs. As well have made a gasoline funnel out of both. Both have done well for me.  
 I have attach a link to a plastics resistance chart if it is any help. Unfortunately it does not show testing for ABS for all. 

 I prefer the ABS only do to the fact some items I have made sit in the desert sun. 

 [Plastic resistance chart](http://www.plasticsintl.com/plastics_chemical_resistence_chart.html)
**Pure substance – ethyl alcohol, oxygen, carbon, distilled water mixture – blood, steel** 1. introduction: rough surface in contact i. surface of engineering materials: generals  surfaces have chemical properties, which are different from bulk virgin material. o most metallic surfaces in air have oxide layers, which change the chemical and mechanical properties of the surfaces.  surfaces have mechanical properties, which are different from bulk material. o machining or sliding contact makes strain hardened (or work hardened) layer and highly deformed layer, whose strength are different from bulk.  real engineering surfaces are rough. mirror like smooth surface afm image recycling is nothing but rehabilitating the use of old and used items by redoing. e.g., plastics. melt again and cast and reuse.
similary waste and thrown of materials such as tins and cans also can be recycled by reproducing useful materials from them.
drain water is treated and recycled for use. oil from drains of industries are stored and reclailmed and used after mixing up chemcials to get back the qualities required.
in all the cases, either for lesser important uses or for the same use itself can be had, depending upon the qualilty of recycled product. thus waste othewise thrown out can be recycled, by duly segregating them for a particular recycling use, known as waste management. e.g. plastics. papers, steel and ferrous items. non-ferrous metals, acids, rubber etc. segregated for recycling.
vr HP have indeed recently released a firmware update that disabled the use of some remanufactured/compatible units. We have however since then sourced alternative stock, designed to work with these firmware updates. Any printer found listed on this page is guaranteed to work and we are always more than happy to help if you ever have any future issues. that depends on a lot of things. in particular, you would need to find the electric susceptibility of the paper. the field produced by static charge is inverse-square. the polarization of the paper varies directly with the external field, with a proportionality constant equal to the electric susceptibility. the dipole field created by the polarized paper is inverse-cube. overall, the force between the ruler and the paper will vary with the inverse fifth power of distance. to get any more detailed, you would need to know the geometry of the situation, and the charge distribution. *any examples are for illustrative purposes only.*  
  
ideally, hazardous medications would be compounded in a negative pressure environment.  currently, according to usp 797, if an organization prepares a low volume of hazardous drugs, the use of two tiers of containment is acceptable in a non-negative pressure area.   an example of 2-tier containment would be the use of a closed system transfer device utilized within a biological safety cabinet or compounding aseptic containment isolator. recall that there are several types of intermolecular forces:1. ion-dipole interaction – occurs between an ion and a polar covalent compound2. hydrogen bonding – occurs in compounds where hydrogen is directly connected to an electronegative element such as n, o, or f3. dipole-dipole interaction – occurs between two polar covalent compounds4. induced-dipole interaction – occurs when a nonpolar compound interacts with a polar compound5. dispersion forces – occurs in all compounds. this is the primary intermolecular force exhibited by nonpolar compounds.[readmore]although hcl is a polar molecule, it still exhibits dispersion forces because it occurs in all compounds you can use these so long as you don&#39;t spray them close to you where they may be inhaled. <br><br>best wishes yes, the plants have chloroplasts and they have chromoplasts. 

chromoplasts contain pigments, just like chloroplasts, but the pigments are not photosynthetic. their abundant pigments overwhelm the light reflected from the chloroplasts making the leaf another color. chromoplasts are what color flowers, fruit and other plant parts. the function of chromoplasts pigments can be as a signal or protective.

chromoplast content in leaves varies naturally in plants. plants with more chromoplasts can survive regions of marginal nutrient resources because they are better protected from both oxidative and uv stress. the green leaved sugar maple is more sensitive to nutrient stresses associated with low ph soils than the red maple acer rubrum. acidic soils are less fertile. an increase in chromoplast content can mediate the negative effects of nutrient imbalances on maples by relieving uv & oxidative stress. red maples can out compete other maples for nutrient poor acidic soils by having more chromoplasts. 
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/pce/2005/00000028/00000007/art00005 
http://www.rsc.org/delivery/\_articlelinking/displayhtmlarticleforfree.cfm?journalcode=pp&year=2005&manuscriptid=b417802e&iss=4

chromoplasts content in flowers signals to pollinators while in fruit it signals to seed dispersers when the plant is ready for them. chromoplasts are not different organelles they are chloroplasts that continued to mature with regulation to produce more carotenoids or anthocyanins than chlorophylls. > 
> But how is this achieved?
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The system is not perfect. I personally do not like a lot of dumb decisions they made. But the basic idea is that they have:


* A catalog of consistent **printed** colors.
* A set of base colors and the **formulas** to achive the derivated colors.
* The base colors have some **specific values on colorimetry** that are repeatable by diferent manufacturers of inks.



> 
> I assume there are no "Pantone Inks", right?
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Yes and no. **Pantone is the system** to have a consistent color. Then, diferent **ink manufacturers** make a set of base inks based on the specifications.


So a manufacturer "HappyInks Inc." make an ink, for example "Pantone Reflex Blue"


**Printers** then go to the formula guide to find the recipy for the colors on the catalog, and go and buy from "Happy Inks" the basic set of colors.


They combine "Pantone Reflex Blue" with "Pantone Sunrise Yellow" in some specified proportions (from the pantone formula guide) to achive "Green XXXc".


If you are going to need a lot of ink of one specific color, the printer do not mix the base inks themselves, but ask for "Happy Inks" to make them some kilos of the ink (based, again on the pantone specifications).


The quality of diferent brands can be more or less accurate. Besides that some characteristics of inks can differ because some could be oriented to silk print, or textiles etc.



> 
> the printer needs in RGB.
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This is a biiiiiig mistake.


RGB is not by any means an acurate color reference. Either your printer is lazy or he is simply using some kind of digital print (but still is ignorant(*).


You need to include a RGB profile. Either sRGB or Adobe 1998 but you need to design using a CMYK profile, which obviously you do not have. So ask for which one is more suitable for that.


If they have no idea or say something like "It does not matter" use one according to your location. SWOP 2, Fogra, Gracol, etc.



> 
> Will the colours vary too much if using a Pantone - RGB convertor?
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If the project is on flat inks, the proper step would be that you deliver a project in Pantone and let them do the conversions, so they are responsable to match the color the best way possible.


This is why I say they are Ignorant. (*) They ignore what is the calibration of their own machine. They should profile it and give you some clues on what "generic profile" suits them the most.



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> textile print
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This does not say much. Are you printing rolls and rolls of fabric? Are you printing a Tshirt on a digital medium, like a logo for a student party? Are you using silk print for the campain for a company?


**An Aditional note**



> 
> will the colours vary too much
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Colors vary for a looooooooot of reasons.


My clasic example, grab a water based cyan marker. You have a specific ink one and only one.


Now go an paint everywhere you want. A news paper, a magazine, a window, a white towel, toilet paper, your hand.


See? The exact same ink vary a lot. This is why you must have an output color profile, so this gives the internal conversions and calculations to have the most acurate color possible due this combination of factors, which color on which medium.


This is why the printer should be responsable for the color conversions.


**Aditional Note 2**


There are some conversions from pantone to cmyk and rgb... Ouch.


This are very specific conversions. On some "ideal" situations.


More or less how an ink will be printed following exact specifications, for example a CMYK: type of paper, type of inks, controlled ammount of them (densitometry), etc.


For an RGB one they assume a calibrated monitor, Correct gamma, correct temperature, sRGB profile. But again this rgb simulation is for output for a web page for example, not as a printable file.


Spot color (Pantone), or Color selection (CMYK)



Depending on the type of design you have the choice to print in either of this 2 color modes.


For example, a design with gradients and diferent colors most likely needs to be printed in color selection.


But some other type of design needs to be printed with spot inks, or direct colors, this reduces costs and aditionally allow the colors to be consistent


[![](https://otake.com.mx/Foros/Directa.jpg)](https://otake.com.mx/Foros/Directa.jpg)