social studies
what characterized spain's golden age?
a. government investment in the arts
b. the development of new technology in science and medicine*****
c. a reduction in spanish debt abroad
d. increased public spending on education
a
c
a
a
b 

those are answers ur welcome
An increase in the level of production of goods and services (national income) of a country over a certain period of time is referred to as economic growth. Higher level of investment in education sector would lead to higher proportion of educated people working with higher participation in economic activities and, therefore, would lead to higher economic growth. The following are the various ways in which investment in education stimulates economic growth: 

**(i) Imparts Quality Skills and Knowledge**: Education endows people with quality skills and, thereby, enhances their productivity. Consequently, it enhances the income earning capacities of and opportunities for the people. Moreover, it also enables the human capital to utilize the available physical capital optimally. 

**(ii) Develops Mental Abilities**: Education develops the mental abilities of people and helps them to make their choice rationally and intellectually. Education churns out good citizens by inculcating values in them.  

**(iii) Acceptability of Modernization**: An educated public of a nation has greater acceptability of modernization and modern techniques. This not only helps the economy to grow but also facilitates a primitive economy to break the shackles of tradition and backwardness.  

**(iv) Eradicates Skewed Income Distribution**: Education not only increases the income  earning capacity but also reduces the skewed distribution of income, thereby, forms an egalitarian society.  

**(v) Raises Standard and Quality of Living**: Education enhances the income earning capacity of the people, thereby; it raises the standard of living and also improves the quality of living.  

**(vi) Increases the Participation Rate**: It fosters economic development by increasing the participation of people in the process of growth and development.  

**(vii) One Solution for Other Economic** **Problems**: The importance of education is not only limited to making people educated But also in facilitating an underdeveloped economy to solve different but interrelated macro economic problems like poverty, income inequality, population, investments, under utilization of resources.  countries of europe o germany  82 million people  initially was made up several tribes, royal families  unified late 1800s early 1900s  was divided after wwii  west germany = part of europe, democratic  east germany = ussr, communist  contains 16 states  highly urbanized  89% of the population  a leader in europe : manufactoring/economic stability  largest economy of europe  has the autobahn (interstate system) o france  64 million people  oldest state in europe  urban  paris 2.2 million people  contains the highest mountain in europe  mount blanc  huge in agriculture (biggest producer in europe)  cattle, grapes, cheese  known for  rich food  architecture  art o great britain  uk  62.7 million people  regions:  england, scotland, wales, northern ireland  surrounded by water:  north sea, english channel, and the atlantic ocean  the us's strongest ally  national dish:  chicken tikka masala  prominent religion  protestant o ireland  highest growing economy in the eu  uses the euro  gained independence form the uk in 1921 
  conflict between the catholics and protestants  irish republican army (ira)  english and gaelic are the national languages  strong irish influence in america  new york  boston  chicago o italy  60.5 million people  major states or regions  tuscany, milan, venice, piedmont  rich urbanized north  poor rural south  sicily is very poor and underdeveloped  origin of la cosa nostra (sicilian mafia)  milan-turin-genoa triangle  heavy manufacturing  milan is the largest city in italy o "rock" of gibraltar  2.6 sq mile area (peninsula iberian)  south spain  owned by britain  surrendered by spain in 1713 (via the war of the spanish succession)  one of the most densely populated areas in the world  12,840 people per square mile  official language is english  important militarily and economically  access to the mediterranean sea from the atlantic  recent events in ukraine o major divisions after the cold war o country divided politically  east = pro russia  west = pro europe o russia needs access to the ocean and resources  military and economic factor… o babushkas of chernobyl  self-settlers  wildlife  returning in force  invisible enemy  women who were children during stalin's reign.  starvation  stalin burned down cities and towns along with all of the agriculture. 
  lived through wwii with the nazi's.  concentration camps or forced labor.  relationships do not equal causation  the world health organization says 4000 deaths while green peace says 10000 deaths.  the women are out living the men because the men are drinking and smoking, across the world it is more accepted for a man to drink and smoke than it is for a woman.  in that case you have higher numbers of men drinking and smoking and dying from that instead of the radiation poisoning.  the town was built around chernobyl.  the people who were relocated seem to be dying sooner than the ones who came back. o russia is the biggest country by land area. o you can see alaska from russia, only 4km between the two. o physical geography  sw russia desert  main area of settlement near moscow  cannot connect to any waterways.  caspian sea o 4 regions  russian core  majority of the population  siberia  freezing  where people would be exiled  eastern frontier  desert section  separation between siberia and frontier is climate and culture  far east  not many settlements  hard to navigate the land o approximately 75% of russia is siberia has far as land area o a majority of the population lives in the russian core and the eastern frontier o physical russian geography  russian plain  west of the ural mountains; moscow (core of russia)  ural mountains (2000 miles long)  low relief mountain chain separating east/west russia  western siberia (constant elevation) 
  flat plains and forests  central siberia  moderate mountains; very cold (artic circle)  eastern highlands (mostly the yakutski basin)  one of the most remote places on earth o climate  sw desert  russian core humid continental (northern midwest into canada)  majority is subarctic. (freezing)  tundra only has a few centimeters a year that is thawed for a limited amount of time. o interesting facts about russia  continentally has a huge impact on russia's climate  similar to the upper mid-west and canada  economy is rising  it depends heavily on oil  becoming increasingly more "modern" and "western"  red square  a city square block where the government is housed  misconceptions  not called red square because it is called a communist country  not because the buildings are red  it is because the language has evolved.  used to be the slums until the 1400s o the soviet union  u.s.s.r. (cccp)  union of soviet socialistic republics  formed in 1917 after the bolshevik revolution  most citizens were very poor, unhapy with autocratic tsar systerm  industrial revolution was occuring in europe = caused  a federation of power  split of power with no true ruler  russification: the idea of replacing ethnic  areas with russians; ethnic groups moved east  command economy: a system where the government assigns sectors of production to particular areas with disregard to economic o spread of the soviet influence  after wwii, communism spread into eastern europe  china and korea 1950s  cuba in 1959 with castro 
  se asia in 1954  africa in 1970s  created tensions with the us and europe  cold war  agriculture cut off by ukraine o space race  1957 soviet union  1958 us  1965 france  1970 japan  1970 china  1971 uk  1979 esa  1980 india o post-soviet union  the russian federation  becoming more "european" culturally and politically  only 3 men have been president in the past 22 years  yeltsin  putin  medvedev  putin (again)  test april 12th o eastern europe(balkans & ukraine, rock of gibraltar) o sub-sahara africa o north africa  map quiz 6 o east asia and russia  monday 4/11 -friday 4/15  spread of religion o oldest religion  hinduism o abraham was born  ur o fastest spreading religion  islam o islam is a religion, muslim's follow islam  ddt in africa: malaria v. health risks o ethical concern  protection of the diversity of wildlife v. malaria victims dying in africa o tuberculosis is mainly in the north o diarrheal diseases due to unclean water  north africa and the middle east o interesting facts 
  the middle east is known as the "crossroads of the world" because it lies in between asia, africa and europe  hence the name "middle"  the term "arab" refers to an ethnic group not a religion  not all arabs are muslims  this confusion also exists with judaism  naswa an acronym for north africa/south-west asia  iran is the former persian empire  very large portion of the population is under 30  educated  unemployed o original three abrahamic faith  judaism (first abrahamic religions)  christianity  islam  monotheistic  the belief in one god o populations  egypt= nile river  turkey= black sea and mediterranean sea  iran= caspian sea and persian gulf  north africa = mediterranean sea  majority of populations live near water because of the dry climat o the birthplace of civilization  birthplace of man is ethiopia  fertile crescent = mesopotamia = between two rivers  neolithic = 10,000 years ago humans began to domesticate plants and animals, learned to irrigate their fields and grow the population  birthplace of many foundational concepts:  maps  60 minutes per hour; 24 hours per day  trigonometry  early medicine  irrigation  written text  the egyptian empire  highly advanced  second oldest language  hieroglyphics  writing paper, irrigation, domestication of wheat  sailing  architecture, masonry (pyramids)  polytheistic and belief of an afterlife 
  kings were called paharos  sun god rah  oil in naswa  saudi arabia number 1 oil producers in the world and the us's biggest alli in the middle east  began in iran  majority of the oil was found after ww2  opec  orgainzation of petroleum exporting countries  created to try to not have a monoply  8 naswa countries  can cause high prices for those who don't have oil  results of opec  has totally transformed the middle east since the 1960s  positives  urban transformation  infrastructure investments  industrialization  foreign investment and involvement  negatives  variable income  regional disparities  migration from other realms  nasaw dynamic  fragmented modernization  many issues in the middle east and north america  wealth disparities  most naswa people are poor, not rich  typical iranian makes $10,840 usd a year  qatar citizen makes $103,900 usd a year  religion differences internally (shia v. sunnis) and externally (christianity/judaism)  old autocratic government leaders and young populations = cultural issues  arab spring (2010-present)  started with a fruit vender. couldn't sale his fruit so in protest he set himself on fire, dying a few weeks later  spread quickly through social media  two things in common  old rulers who have been there for a long time  young, well-educated, unemployed population  cultural regions of the middle east 
  30 countries  6 regions  egypt and the lower nial = the heart  the maghred (sahara)  the middle east  largely islamic  the arabian peninsula = richest oil  the empire states = iran and turkey  turkestan  transition zone  african tz is the primary area where the sunni and the shia are having problems  egypt  suez canal  get the oil out  saudi arabia  desert  iran  iranian revolution in 1979 on the whole, it's not too different - but europe / uk have better healthcare and social systems in place, and better working conditions / employment laws Language courses are generally a mix. Specially Spanish, which is a very diverse language. Conspicuous consumption is the spending of money on and the acquiring of luxury goods and services to publicly display economic power—either the buyer's income or the buyer's accumulated wealth. Sociologically, to the conspicuous consumer, such a public display of discretionary economic power is a means either of attaining or of maintaining a given social status. Consumption is regarded to foster economic benefits, by some accounts.  
As proposed by Thorstein Veblen, conspicuous consumption (spending money to buy goods and services for their own sakes) explains the psychological mechanics of a consumer society, and the increase in the number and the types of the goods and services that people consider necessary to and for their lives in a developed economy. What I never get is that schools that perform well get more funding which gives good incentives to teachers etc... but worse performing schools get less funding continuing the cycle the seven major themes of catholic social teaching are:
• life and dignity of the human person
• call to family, community, and participation
• rights and responsibilities
• option for the poor and vulnerable
• the dignity of work and the rights of workers
• solidarity
• care for god's creation

for more information, see: http://www.usccb.org/sdwp/projects/socialteaching/socialteaching.htm#intro

here is a short list of papal and vatican documents on catholic social teaching:

• rerum novarum (on the condition of labor) -- pope leo xiii, 1891 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/leo\_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf\_l-xiii\_enc\_15051891\_rerum-novarum\_en.html

• quadragesimo anno (after forty years) -- pope pius xi, 1931 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/pius\_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf\_p-xi\_enc\_19310515\_quadragesimo-anno\_en.html

• mater et magistra (christianity and social progress) -- pope john xxiii, 1961 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/john\_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf\_j-xxiii\_enc\_15051961\_mater\_en.html

• gaudium et spes (pastoral constitution on the church in the modern world) vatican council ii, 1965 http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist\_councils/ii\_vatican\_council/documents/vat-ii\_cons\_19651207\_gaudium-et-spes\_en.html

• populorum progressio (on the development of peoples) -- pope paul vi, 1967 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/paul\_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf\_p-vi\_enc\_26031967\_populorum\_en.html

• laborem exercens (on human work) -- pope john paul ii, 1981 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/john\_paul\_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf\_jp-ii\_enc\_14091981\_laborem-exercens\_en.html

• sollicitudo rei socialis (on social concern) -- pope john paul ii, 1987 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/john\_paul\_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf\_jp-ii\_enc\_30121987\_sollicitudo-rei-socialis\_en.html

• centesimus annus (the hundredth year) -- pope john paul ii, 1991 http://www.vatican.va/holy\_father/john\_paul\_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf\_jp-ii\_enc\_01051991\_centesimus-annus\_en.html

• compendium of the social doctrine of the church - pontifical council for justice and peace, 2004 http://www.vatican.va/roman\_curia/pontifical\_councils/justpeace/documents/rc\_pc\_justpeace\_doc\_20060526\_compendio-dott-soc\_en.html

• with love in christ. i understand in the old days, you did asked around to your friends and family, or teachers. and everything was a hush hush bc we didn't have the advanced technology that we got now. the books were another way of getting further information too, and dictionary and thesaurus were big part of how to communicate with everyone around in society. lots of information was learned and apply in reality right away, and we became pretty much smart by keeping our brains active and resolving our own problems and then we taught others by teaching them about issues i learned along the way. if i wanted to learn anything it had to be done in pen or pencil and in writing it on papers, and keeping things as a record too. time has change, now its a chore to write, a chore to think to keep our brains active, chore in lacking to ask questions that we might think its stupid so our computers now do the asking for us... there's nothing left that we need to do personally by hand that enables us to think logical bc our technology is so advance that now we are becoming lazier and not so active in going out anymore. sad really. i rather not have technology only for job or a cell phone for emergencies only. but thats not reality now, i got it all bc i have too. directions: study the following data carefully and answer the question given below.the circle-graph given below shows the spending of a country on various sports during a particular year. what percentage of the total expenditure is spent on basketball and golf combined? the following are the forces which are responsible for increasing the concern of business enterprises for social responsibility.
(a) threat of public regulation: the interest of general public is to be safeguarded by the government. thus, if a business is not socially morale towards society, then it can regulate the operations of that enterprise accordingly.
(b) pressure of labour movement: the increase in capital mobility over time has increased the pressure on business enterprises to pay attention to the welfare of workers, by providing them with healthy working conditions along with good remuneration.
(c) impact of consumer consciousness: consumers education has led to a change in the mindset as consumers today are aware of their rights and responsibilities. therefore, business enterprises need to be more efficient and productive to satisfy their customers.
(d) development of social standards: business these days are not just profit oriented. for their long-term survival and growth, they need to fulfil the new standards of social welfare.
(e) development of business education: the spread of education over time has made consumers, investors, employees and owners more of social problems, thereby making them more sensitive to social issues.
(f) relationship between social interest and business interest: there is a need to maintain the correct balance between social and business interest. profitability and social responsibility go hand in hand. no business enterprise can work in isolation from society and can grow by doing the maximum good to society.
(g) development of a professional managerial class: the core objective of profit maximization was a traditional aspect. but today’s professional managers make efforts to satisfy the interests of all members of society.