what is the difference between c4 and cam plants?
the primary difference between c4 and cam plants transfer the co2 molecules to lessen photorespiration while cam plants choose when to extract co2 from the environment. the c4 plants avoid moving the co2 molecules into the bundles where co2
yes, the plants have chloroplasts and they have chromoplasts. 

chromoplasts contain pigments, just like chloroplasts, but the pigments are not photosynthetic. their abundant pigments overwhelm the light reflected from the chloroplasts making the leaf another color. chromoplasts are what color flowers, fruit and other plant parts. the function of chromoplasts pigments can be as a signal or protective.

chromoplast content in leaves varies naturally in plants. plants with more chromoplasts can survive regions of marginal nutrient resources because they are better protected from both oxidative and uv stress. the green leaved sugar maple is more sensitive to nutrient stresses associated with low ph soils than the red maple acer rubrum. acidic soils are less fertile. an increase in chromoplast content can mediate the negative effects of nutrient imbalances on maples by relieving uv & oxidative stress. red maples can out compete other maples for nutrient poor acidic soils by having more chromoplasts. 
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/pce/2005/00000028/00000007/art00005 
http://www.rsc.org/delivery/\_articlelinking/displayhtmlarticleforfree.cfm?journalcode=pp&year=2005&manuscriptid=b417802e&iss=4

chromoplasts content in flowers signals to pollinators while in fruit it signals to seed dispersers when the plant is ready for them. chromoplasts are not different organelles they are chloroplasts that continued to mature with regulation to produce more carotenoids or anthocyanins than chlorophylls. chloroplast is a powerhouse for the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants. it is broadly divided into three parts (fig 3) namely:a) membrane: chloroplast is double walled organelle viz. it contains inner and outer membrane.b) stroma corresponds to the cytoplasm of chloroplast. it also serves as site for dark reaction of photosynthesis to take place.c) thylakoids/ granum: thylakoids contains chlorophyll that absorbs light. stacks of thylakoids are known as granum.fig 3 shows different parts of chloroplast [readmore]typed answer- butanal is a four c chain aldehyde- nabh4 is a strong reducing agent that reduces carbonyls into alcohol- butanal will be reduced to butanol with this reagent generally the performance of a new generation of "supporting" equipment does not have a huge affect on the true performance. gddr6 is better, but it is not the only reason the super varient is going to be faster. same with pcie generations, and regular ddr3/4 ram. pcie gen 3 is not saturated, so gen 4 should not be a deciding factor (yet). ddr3 is worse than ddr4, but the performance change is seen when comparing the cpus directly, not in the ram alone. for both gpu and cpu, the ram will affect the performance, but not on its own. the rest of the part needs to be able to take advantage of the upgraded ram.

you can just compare the raw performance numbers of those two gpus, like benchmark fps in games, and use that to decide if you want to spend the extra $130 for the better gpu. you do not have to particularly worry about the supporting specs, like gddr5/6, cuda core count, or even base clock speed, because these differences will be reflected in the performance changes as a whole, so you do not have to compare those specific differences. certain models of gpu might be clocked faster, and will perform better, but you compare those models to the same gpu in stock form. ie, not 1650 vs 1650 super at higher clock, you would compare the base speed 1650 super to an upgraded 1650 super, to see how the clock speed boost changes the performance of the card over its stock clocks.

tl: dr, dont bother with the details too much, just use benchmarks/average fps to decide if the extra performance is worth the extra money. a, b and c this holder is for #4 filters. the simplest solution is to install psi4 to a new conda environment. the point of creating a new environment is that different programs live in different environments. their dependencies can’t interefere with each other, but the programs can’t interact with each other, either.

i recommend you creat… a - ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii (a) the candidate was studying the effect/importance of sunlight on the rate of photosynthesis.explanation: the candidate had covered one part of the leaf to study the rate of photosynthesis in the absence of sunlight. the candidate would compare it with the rate of photosynthesis on the uncovered parts of the leaf and thus, determine the role of sunlight during photosynthesis.(b) yes, the uncovered portion of the leaf of the potted plant is used as the control here.explanation: the control is used to compare the results which will be obtained after the experiment with the covered portion of the leaf to obtain conclusions.(c) plant was kept in the dark before the experiment, to remove the starch present in the leaf, to the storage organs.explanation: destarching is done by placing the plant for 24-48 hours in darkness before starting the experiment. this is done to make sure that all starch has been formed under experimental conditions only.(d) 1) first, the candidate would have dipped the prepared leaf in boiling water to kill the leaf cells.2) then he would have boiled the leaf in methylated spirit to remove the chlorophyll.3) the leaf would have then been placed in hot water to soften it.4) he would have placed it in a dish and poured iodine solution. the presence of starch is confirmed in regions that turn bluish-black in colour.the uncovered portion of the leaf would have turned bluish black and the cover region would have turned brown in colour.explanation: the uncovered portion of the leaf would have turned bluish black as starch would have formed in those regions. sunlight activates the chlorophyll, which in turn catalyzes the photosynthesis reaction. in the covered portion, on which sunlight could not have penetrated, the region turns brown due to the absence of chlorophyll. this implies that photosynthesis would not have taken place on the covered portion of the leaf. i. given:valency of carbon is 4valency of chlorine is 1by applying criss-cross method:formula: ccl4thus, the formula for carbon tetrachloride is ccl4.ii. given:valency of element x is 1valency of oxygen is 2by applying criss-cross method:formula: x2o