# Copyright 2018 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# ==============================================================================
"""Utilities for building I3D network models."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf


# Orignaly, add_arg_scope = slim.add_arg_scope and layers = slim, now switch to
# more update-to-date tf.contrib.* API.
add_arg_scope = tf.contrib.framework.add_arg_scope
layers = tf.contrib.layers


def center_initializer():
  """Centering Initializer for I3D.

  This initializer allows identity mapping for temporal convolution at the
  initialization, which is critical for a desired convergence behavior
  for training a seprable I3D model.

  The centering behavior of this initializer requires an odd-sized kernel,
  typically set to 3.

  Returns:
    A weight initializer op used in temporal convolutional layers.

  Raises:
    ValueError: Input tensor data type has to be tf.float32.
    ValueError: If input tensor is not a 5-D tensor.
    ValueError: If input and output channel dimensions are different.
    ValueError: If spatial kernel sizes are not 1.
    ValueError: If temporal kernel size is even.
  """

  def _initializer(shape, dtype=tf.float32, partition_info=None):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
    """Initializer op."""

    if dtype != tf.float32 and dtype != tf.bfloat16:
      raise ValueError(
          'Input tensor data type has to be tf.float32 or tf.bfloat16.')
    if len(shape) != 5:
      raise ValueError('Input tensor has to be 5-D.')
    if shape[3] != shape[4]:
      raise ValueError('Input and output channel dimensions must be the same.')
    if shape[1] != 1 or shape[2] != 1:
      raise ValueError('Spatial kernel sizes must be 1 (pointwise conv).')
    if shape[0] % 2 == 0:
      raise ValueError('Temporal kernel size has to be odd.')

    center_pos = int(shape[0] / 2)
    init_mat = np.zeros(
        [shape[0], shape[1], shape[2], shape[3], shape[4]], dtype=np.float32)
    for i in range(0, shape[3]):
      init_mat[center_pos, 0, 0, i, i] = 1.0

    init_op = tf.constant(init_mat, dtype=dtype)
    return init_op

  return _initializer


@add_arg_scope
def conv3d_spatiotemporal(inputs,
                          num_outputs,
                          kernel_size,
                          stride=1,
                          padding='SAME',
                          activation_fn=None,
                          normalizer_fn=None,
                          normalizer_params=None,
                          weights_regularizer=None,
                          separable=False,
                          data_format='NDHWC',
                          scope=''):
  """A wrapper for conv3d to model spatiotemporal representations.

  This allows switching between original 3D convolution and separable 3D
  convolutions for spatial and temporal features respectively. On Kinetics,
  seprable 3D convolutions yields better classification performance.

  Args:
    inputs: a 5-D tensor  `[batch_size, depth, height, width, channels]`.
    num_outputs: integer, the number of output filters.
    kernel_size: a list of length 3
      `[kernel_depth, kernel_height, kernel_width]` of the filters. Can be an
      int if all values are the same.
    stride: a list of length 3 `[stride_depth, stride_height, stride_width]`.
      Can be an int if all strides are the same.
    padding: one of `VALID` or `SAME`.
    activation_fn: activation function.
    normalizer_fn: normalization function to use instead of `biases`.
    normalizer_params: dictionary of normalization function parameters.
    weights_regularizer: Optional regularizer for the weights.
    separable: If `True`, use separable spatiotemporal convolutions.
    data_format: An optional string from: "NDHWC", "NCDHW". Defaults to "NDHWC".
      The data format of the input and output data. With the default format
      "NDHWC", the data is stored in the order of: [batch, in_depth, in_height,
      in_width, in_channels]. Alternatively, the format could be "NCDHW", the
      data storage order is:
      [batch, in_channels, in_depth, in_height, in_width].
    scope: scope for `variable_scope`.

  Returns:
    A tensor representing the output of the (separable) conv3d operation.

  """
  assert len(kernel_size) == 3
  if separable and kernel_size[0] != 1:
    spatial_kernel_size = [1, kernel_size[1], kernel_size[2]]
    temporal_kernel_size = [kernel_size[0], 1, 1]
    if isinstance(stride, list) and len(stride) == 3:
      spatial_stride = [1, stride[1], stride[2]]
      temporal_stride = [stride[0], 1, 1]
    else:
      spatial_stride = [1, stride, stride]
      temporal_stride = [stride, 1, 1]
    net = layers.conv3d(
        inputs,
        num_outputs,
        spatial_kernel_size,
        stride=spatial_stride,
        padding=padding,
        activation_fn=activation_fn,
        normalizer_fn=normalizer_fn,
        normalizer_params=normalizer_params,
        weights_regularizer=weights_regularizer,
        data_format=data_format,
        scope=scope)
    net = layers.conv3d(
        net,
        num_outputs,
        temporal_kernel_size,
        stride=temporal_stride,
        padding=padding,
        scope=scope + '/temporal',
        activation_fn=activation_fn,
        normalizer_fn=None,
        data_format=data_format,
        weights_initializer=center_initializer())
    return net
  else:
    return layers.conv3d(
        inputs,
        num_outputs,
        kernel_size,
        stride=stride,
        padding=padding,
        activation_fn=activation_fn,
        normalizer_fn=normalizer_fn,
        normalizer_params=normalizer_params,
        weights_regularizer=weights_regularizer,
        data_format=data_format,
        scope=scope)


@add_arg_scope
def inception_block_v1_3d(inputs,
                          num_outputs_0_0a,
                          num_outputs_1_0a,
                          num_outputs_1_0b,
                          num_outputs_2_0a,
                          num_outputs_2_0b,
                          num_outputs_3_0b,
                          temporal_kernel_size=3,
                          self_gating_fn=None,
                          data_format='NDHWC',
                          scope=''):
  """A 3D Inception v1 block.

  This allows use of separable 3D convolutions and self-gating, as
  described in:
  Saining Xie, Chen Sun, Jonathan Huang, Zhuowen Tu and Kevin Murphy,
    Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning For Video Understanding.
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04851.

  Args:
    inputs: a 5-D tensor  `[batch_size, depth, height, width, channels]`.
    num_outputs_0_0a: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 0,
      operation Conv2d_0a_1x1.
    num_outputs_1_0a: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 1,
      operation Conv2d_0a_1x1.
    num_outputs_1_0b: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 1,
      operation Conv2d_0b_3x3.
    num_outputs_2_0a: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 2,
      operation Conv2d_0a_1x1.
    num_outputs_2_0b: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 2,
      operation Conv2d_0b_3x3.
    num_outputs_3_0b: integer, the number of output filters for Branch 3,
      operation Conv2d_0b_1x1.
    temporal_kernel_size: integer, the size of the temporal convolutional
      filters in the conv3d_spatiotemporal blocks.
    self_gating_fn: function which optionally performs self-gating.
      Must have two arguments, `inputs` and `scope`, and return one output
      tensor the same size as `inputs`. If `None`, no self-gating is
      applied.
    data_format: An optional string from: "NDHWC", "NCDHW". Defaults to "NDHWC".
      The data format of the input and output data. With the default format
      "NDHWC", the data is stored in the order of: [batch, in_depth, in_height,
      in_width, in_channels]. Alternatively, the format could be "NCDHW", the
      data storage order is:
      [batch, in_channels, in_depth, in_height, in_width].
    scope: scope for `variable_scope`.

  Returns:
    A 5-D tensor `[batch_size, depth, height, width, out_channels]`, where
    `out_channels = num_outputs_0_0a + num_outputs_1_0b + num_outputs_2_0b
    + num_outputs_3_0b`.

  """
  use_gating = self_gating_fn is not None

  with tf.variable_scope(scope):
    with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
      branch_0 = layers.conv3d(
          inputs, num_outputs_0_0a, [1, 1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
      if use_gating:
        branch_0 = self_gating_fn(branch_0, scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
    with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
      branch_1 = layers.conv3d(
          inputs, num_outputs_1_0a, [1, 1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
      branch_1 = conv3d_spatiotemporal(
          branch_1, num_outputs_1_0b, [temporal_kernel_size, 3, 3],
          scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
      if use_gating:
        branch_1 = self_gating_fn(branch_1, scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
    with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
      branch_2 = layers.conv3d(
          inputs, num_outputs_2_0a, [1, 1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
      branch_2 = conv3d_spatiotemporal(
          branch_2, num_outputs_2_0b, [temporal_kernel_size, 3, 3],
          scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
      if use_gating:
        branch_2 = self_gating_fn(branch_2, scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
    with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
      branch_3 = layers.max_pool3d(inputs, [3, 3, 3], scope='MaxPool_0a_3x3')
      branch_3 = layers.conv3d(
          branch_3, num_outputs_3_0b, [1, 1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
      if use_gating:
        branch_3 = self_gating_fn(branch_3, scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
    index_c = data_format.index('C')
    assert 1 <= index_c <= 4, 'Cannot identify channel dimension.'
    output = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], index_c)
  return output


def reduced_kernel_size_3d(input_tensor, kernel_size):
  """Define kernel size which is automatically reduced for small input.

  If the shape of the input images is unknown at graph construction time this
  function assumes that the input images are large enough.

  Args:
    input_tensor: input tensor of size
      [batch_size, time, height, width, channels].
    kernel_size: desired kernel size of length 3, corresponding to time,
      height and width.

  Returns:
    a tensor with the kernel size.
  """
  assert len(kernel_size) == 3
  shape = input_tensor.get_shape().as_list()
  assert len(shape) == 5
  if None in shape[1:4]:
    kernel_size_out = kernel_size
  else:
    kernel_size_out = [min(shape[1], kernel_size[0]),
                       min(shape[2], kernel_size[1]),
                       min(shape[3], kernel_size[2])]
  return kernel_size_out
