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1 | 6905-6908 | 8 9 4 Substitution
Reactions in the
Hydrocarbon Part
Rationalised 2023-24
254
Chemistry
8 10
8 |
1 | 6906-6909 | 9 4 Substitution
Reactions in the
Hydrocarbon Part
Rationalised 2023-24
254
Chemistry
8 10
8 10
8 |
1 | 6907-6910 | 4 Substitution
Reactions in the
Hydrocarbon Part
Rationalised 2023-24
254
Chemistry
8 10
8 10
8 10
8 |
1 | 6908-6911 | 10
8 10
8 10
8 10
8 |
1 | 6909-6912 | 10
8 10
8 10
8 10 Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are some of the important classes of
organic compounds containing carbonyl group |
1 | 6910-6913 | 10
8 10
8 10 Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are some of the important classes of
organic compounds containing carbonyl group These are highly polar molecules |
1 | 6911-6914 | 10
8 10 Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are some of the important classes of
organic compounds containing carbonyl group These are highly polar molecules Therefore, they boil at higher temperatures than the hydrocarbons and weakly
polar compounds such as ethers of comparable molecular masses |
1 | 6912-6915 | 10 Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Uses of
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Carboxylic
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Acids
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are some of the important classes of
organic compounds containing carbonyl group These are highly polar molecules Therefore, they boil at higher temperatures than the hydrocarbons and weakly
polar compounds such as ethers of comparable molecular masses The lower
members are more soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water |
1 | 6913-6916 | These are highly polar molecules Therefore, they boil at higher temperatures than the hydrocarbons and weakly
polar compounds such as ethers of comparable molecular masses The lower
members are more soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water The higher members, because of large size of hydrophobic chain of carbon atoms,
are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents |
1 | 6914-6917 | Therefore, they boil at higher temperatures than the hydrocarbons and weakly
polar compounds such as ethers of comparable molecular masses The lower
members are more soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water The higher members, because of large size of hydrophobic chain of carbon atoms,
are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents Aldehydes are
prepared by dehydrogenation or controlled oxidation of primary alcohols and
controlled or selective reduction of acyl halides |
1 | 6915-6918 | The lower
members are more soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water The higher members, because of large size of hydrophobic chain of carbon atoms,
are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents Aldehydes are
prepared by dehydrogenation or controlled oxidation of primary alcohols and
controlled or selective reduction of acyl halides Aromatic aldehydes may also be
prepared by oxidation of (i) methylbenzene with chromyl chloride or CrO3 in the
presence of acetic anhydride, (ii) formylation of arenes with carbon monoxide and
hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and (iii) cuprous
chloride or by hydrolysis of benzal chloride |
1 | 6916-6919 | The higher members, because of large size of hydrophobic chain of carbon atoms,
are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents Aldehydes are
prepared by dehydrogenation or controlled oxidation of primary alcohols and
controlled or selective reduction of acyl halides Aromatic aldehydes may also be
prepared by oxidation of (i) methylbenzene with chromyl chloride or CrO3 in the
presence of acetic anhydride, (ii) formylation of arenes with carbon monoxide and
hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and (iii) cuprous
chloride or by hydrolysis of benzal chloride Ketones are prepared by oxidation of
secondary alcohols and hydration of alkynes |
1 | 6917-6920 | Aldehydes are
prepared by dehydrogenation or controlled oxidation of primary alcohols and
controlled or selective reduction of acyl halides Aromatic aldehydes may also be
prepared by oxidation of (i) methylbenzene with chromyl chloride or CrO3 in the
presence of acetic anhydride, (ii) formylation of arenes with carbon monoxide and
hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and (iii) cuprous
chloride or by hydrolysis of benzal chloride Ketones are prepared by oxidation of
secondary alcohols and hydration of alkynes Ketones are also prepared by reaction
of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium |
1 | 6918-6921 | Aromatic aldehydes may also be
prepared by oxidation of (i) methylbenzene with chromyl chloride or CrO3 in the
presence of acetic anhydride, (ii) formylation of arenes with carbon monoxide and
hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and (iii) cuprous
chloride or by hydrolysis of benzal chloride Ketones are prepared by oxidation of
secondary alcohols and hydration of alkynes Ketones are also prepared by reaction
of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium A good method for the preparation of aromatic
ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides
or anhydrides |
1 | 6919-6922 | Ketones are prepared by oxidation of
secondary alcohols and hydration of alkynes Ketones are also prepared by reaction
of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium A good method for the preparation of aromatic
ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides
or anhydrides Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes |
1 | 6920-6923 | Ketones are also prepared by reaction
of acyl chloride with dialkylcadmium A good method for the preparation of aromatic
ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides
or anhydrides Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl
group with a number of nucleophiles such as, HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols (or diols),
2 |
1 | 6921-6924 | A good method for the preparation of aromatic
ketones is the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with acyl chlorides
or anhydrides Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl
group with a number of nucleophiles such as, HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols (or diols),
2 Ring substitution
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions
in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing
group |
1 | 6922-6925 | Both aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by ozonolysis of alkenes Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl
group with a number of nucleophiles such as, HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols (or diols),
2 Ring substitution
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions
in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing
group They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
(because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst
aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group) |
1 | 6923-6926 | Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions onto the carbonyl
group with a number of nucleophiles such as, HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols (or diols),
2 Ring substitution
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions
in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing
group They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
(because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst
aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group) Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
8 |
1 | 6924-6927 | Ring substitution
Aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions
in which the carboxyl group acts as a deactivating and meta-directing
group They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
(because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst
aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group) Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
8 8
Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger |
1 | 6925-6928 | They however, do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
(because the carboxyl group is deactivating and the catalyst
aluminium chloride (Lewis acid) gets bonded to the carboxyl group) Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
8 8
Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger (i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H
(ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H
(iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H
Methanoic acid is used in rubber, textile, dyeing, leather and electroplating
industries |
1 | 6926-6929 | Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
8 8
Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger (i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H
(ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H
(iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H
Methanoic acid is used in rubber, textile, dyeing, leather and electroplating
industries Ethanoic acid is used as solvent and as vinegar in food industry |
1 | 6927-6930 | 8
Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger (i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H
(ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H
(iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H
Methanoic acid is used in rubber, textile, dyeing, leather and electroplating
industries Ethanoic acid is used as solvent and as vinegar in food industry Hexanedioic acid is used in the manufacture of nylon-6, 6 |
1 | 6928-6931 | (i) CH3CO2H or CH2FCO2H
(ii) CH2FCO2H or CH2ClCO2H
(iii) CH2FCH2CH2CO2H or CH3CHFCH2CO2H
Methanoic acid is used in rubber, textile, dyeing, leather and electroplating
industries Ethanoic acid is used as solvent and as vinegar in food industry Hexanedioic acid is used in the manufacture of nylon-6, 6 Esters of benzoic
acid are used in perfumery |
1 | 6929-6932 | Ethanoic acid is used as solvent and as vinegar in food industry Hexanedioic acid is used in the manufacture of nylon-6, 6 Esters of benzoic
acid are used in perfumery Sodium benzoate is used as a food preservative |
1 | 6930-6933 | Hexanedioic acid is used in the manufacture of nylon-6, 6 Esters of benzoic
acid are used in perfumery Sodium benzoate is used as a food preservative Higher fatty acids are used for the manufacture of soaps and detergents |
1 | 6931-6934 | Esters of benzoic
acid are used in perfumery Sodium benzoate is used as a food preservative Higher fatty acids are used for the manufacture of soaps and detergents (iv)
Rationalised 2023-24
255
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
ammonia derivatives, and Grignard reagents |
1 | 6932-6935 | Sodium benzoate is used as a food preservative Higher fatty acids are used for the manufacture of soaps and detergents (iv)
Rationalised 2023-24
255
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
ammonia derivatives, and Grignard reagents The a-hydrogens in aldehydes and
ketones are acidic |
1 | 6933-6936 | Higher fatty acids are used for the manufacture of soaps and detergents (iv)
Rationalised 2023-24
255
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
ammonia derivatives, and Grignard reagents The a-hydrogens in aldehydes and
ketones are acidic Therefore, aldehydes and ketones having at least one a-hydrogen,
undergo Aldol condensation in the presence of a base to give a-hydroxyaldehydes
(aldol) and a-hydroxyketones(ketol), respectively |
1 | 6934-6937 | (iv)
Rationalised 2023-24
255
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
ammonia derivatives, and Grignard reagents The a-hydrogens in aldehydes and
ketones are acidic Therefore, aldehydes and ketones having at least one a-hydrogen,
undergo Aldol condensation in the presence of a base to give a-hydroxyaldehydes
(aldol) and a-hydroxyketones(ketol), respectively Aldehydes having no a-hydrogen
undergo Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of concentrated alkali |
1 | 6935-6938 | The a-hydrogens in aldehydes and
ketones are acidic Therefore, aldehydes and ketones having at least one a-hydrogen,
undergo Aldol condensation in the presence of a base to give a-hydroxyaldehydes
(aldol) and a-hydroxyketones(ketol), respectively Aldehydes having no a-hydrogen
undergo Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of concentrated alkali Aldehydes
and ketones are reduced to alcohols with NaBH4, LiAlH4, or by catalytic hydrogenation |
1 | 6936-6939 | Therefore, aldehydes and ketones having at least one a-hydrogen,
undergo Aldol condensation in the presence of a base to give a-hydroxyaldehydes
(aldol) and a-hydroxyketones(ketol), respectively Aldehydes having no a-hydrogen
undergo Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of concentrated alkali Aldehydes
and ketones are reduced to alcohols with NaBH4, LiAlH4, or by catalytic hydrogenation The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to a methylene group
by Clemmensen reduction or Wolff-Kishner reduction |
1 | 6937-6940 | Aldehydes having no a-hydrogen
undergo Cannizzaro reaction in the presence of concentrated alkali Aldehydes
and ketones are reduced to alcohols with NaBH4, LiAlH4, or by catalytic hydrogenation The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to a methylene group
by Clemmensen reduction or Wolff-Kishner reduction Aldehydes are easily
oxidised to carboxylic acids by mild oxidising reagents such as Tollens’ reagent and
Fehling’s reagent |
1 | 6938-6941 | Aldehydes
and ketones are reduced to alcohols with NaBH4, LiAlH4, or by catalytic hydrogenation The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to a methylene group
by Clemmensen reduction or Wolff-Kishner reduction Aldehydes are easily
oxidised to carboxylic acids by mild oxidising reagents such as Tollens’ reagent and
Fehling’s reagent These oxidation reactions are used to distinguish aldehydes from
ketones |
1 | 6939-6942 | The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to a methylene group
by Clemmensen reduction or Wolff-Kishner reduction Aldehydes are easily
oxidised to carboxylic acids by mild oxidising reagents such as Tollens’ reagent and
Fehling’s reagent These oxidation reactions are used to distinguish aldehydes from
ketones Carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes
and alkenes by hydrolysis of nitriles, and by treatment of Grignard reagents with
carbon dioxide |
1 | 6940-6943 | Aldehydes are easily
oxidised to carboxylic acids by mild oxidising reagents such as Tollens’ reagent and
Fehling’s reagent These oxidation reactions are used to distinguish aldehydes from
ketones Carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes
and alkenes by hydrolysis of nitriles, and by treatment of Grignard reagents with
carbon dioxide Aromatic carboxylic acids are also prepared by side-chain oxidation
of alkylbenzenes |
1 | 6941-6944 | These oxidation reactions are used to distinguish aldehydes from
ketones Carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes
and alkenes by hydrolysis of nitriles, and by treatment of Grignard reagents with
carbon dioxide Aromatic carboxylic acids are also prepared by side-chain oxidation
of alkylbenzenes Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic than alcohols and
most of simple phenols |
1 | 6942-6945 | Carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes
and alkenes by hydrolysis of nitriles, and by treatment of Grignard reagents with
carbon dioxide Aromatic carboxylic acids are also prepared by side-chain oxidation
of alkylbenzenes Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic than alcohols and
most of simple phenols Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols with LiAlH4,
or better with diborane in ether solution and also undergo a-halogenation with Cl2
and Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus (Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction) |
1 | 6943-6946 | Aromatic carboxylic acids are also prepared by side-chain oxidation
of alkylbenzenes Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic than alcohols and
most of simple phenols Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols with LiAlH4,
or better with diborane in ether solution and also undergo a-halogenation with Cl2
and Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus (Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction) Methanal, ethanal, propanone, benzaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid and benzoic
acid are highly useful compounds in industry |
1 | 6944-6947 | Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic than alcohols and
most of simple phenols Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols with LiAlH4,
or better with diborane in ether solution and also undergo a-halogenation with Cl2
and Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus (Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction) Methanal, ethanal, propanone, benzaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid and benzoic
acid are highly useful compounds in industry Exercises
8 |
1 | 6945-6948 | Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols with LiAlH4,
or better with diborane in ether solution and also undergo a-halogenation with Cl2
and Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus (Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction) Methanal, ethanal, propanone, benzaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid and benzoic
acid are highly useful compounds in industry Exercises
8 1
What is meant by the following terms |
1 | 6946-6949 | Methanal, ethanal, propanone, benzaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid and benzoic
acid are highly useful compounds in industry Exercises
8 1
What is meant by the following terms Give an example of the reaction in
each case |
1 | 6947-6950 | Exercises
8 1
What is meant by the following terms Give an example of the reaction in
each case (i) Cyanohydrin
(ii) Acetal
(iii) Semicarbazone
(iv) Aldol
(v) Hemiacetal
(vi) Oxime
(vii) Ketal
(vii) Imine
(ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
(x) Schiff’s base
8 |
1 | 6948-6951 | 1
What is meant by the following terms Give an example of the reaction in
each case (i) Cyanohydrin
(ii) Acetal
(iii) Semicarbazone
(iv) Aldol
(v) Hemiacetal
(vi) Oxime
(vii) Ketal
(vii) Imine
(ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
(x) Schiff’s base
8 2
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO
(ii) CH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2Cl
(iii) CH3CH=CHCHO
(iv) CH3COCH2COCH3
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH2COOH
(vii) OHCC6H4CHO-p
8 |
1 | 6949-6952 | Give an example of the reaction in
each case (i) Cyanohydrin
(ii) Acetal
(iii) Semicarbazone
(iv) Aldol
(v) Hemiacetal
(vi) Oxime
(vii) Ketal
(vii) Imine
(ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
(x) Schiff’s base
8 2
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO
(ii) CH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2Cl
(iii) CH3CH=CHCHO
(iv) CH3COCH2COCH3
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH2COOH
(vii) OHCC6H4CHO-p
8 3
Draw the structures of the following compounds |
1 | 6950-6953 | (i) Cyanohydrin
(ii) Acetal
(iii) Semicarbazone
(iv) Aldol
(v) Hemiacetal
(vi) Oxime
(vii) Ketal
(vii) Imine
(ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
(x) Schiff’s base
8 2
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO
(ii) CH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2Cl
(iii) CH3CH=CHCHO
(iv) CH3COCH2COCH3
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH2COOH
(vii) OHCC6H4CHO-p
8 3
Draw the structures of the following compounds (i) 3-Methylbutanal
(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
(vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
8 |
1 | 6951-6954 | 2
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO
(ii) CH3CH2COCH(C2H5)CH2CH2Cl
(iii) CH3CH=CHCHO
(iv) CH3COCH2COCH3
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2COCH3
(vi) (CH3)3CCH2COOH
(vii) OHCC6H4CHO-p
8 3
Draw the structures of the following compounds (i) 3-Methylbutanal
(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
(vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
8 4
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes |
1 | 6952-6955 | 3
Draw the structures of the following compounds (i) 3-Methylbutanal
(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
(vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
8 4
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes Wherever
possible, give also common names |
1 | 6953-6956 | (i) 3-Methylbutanal
(ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
(iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
(iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
(vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
(vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
(viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
8 4
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes Wherever
possible, give also common names (i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO
(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO
(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO
(v)
CHO
(vi) PhCOPh
8 |
1 | 6954-6957 | 4
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes Wherever
possible, give also common names (i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO
(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO
(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO
(v)
CHO
(vi) PhCOPh
8 5
Draw structures of the following derivatives |
1 | 6955-6958 | Wherever
possible, give also common names (i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO
(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO
(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO
(v)
CHO
(vi) PhCOPh
8 5
Draw structures of the following derivatives (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
(ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
(iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
(iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
(v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
(vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
Rationalised 2023-24
256
Chemistry
8 |
1 | 6956-6959 | (i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH(CH3)CHO
(iii) CH3(CH2)5CHO
(iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO
(v)
CHO
(vi) PhCOPh
8 5
Draw structures of the following derivatives (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
(ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
(iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
(iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
(v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
(vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
Rationalised 2023-24
256
Chemistry
8 6
Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with
following reagents |
1 | 6957-6960 | 5
Draw structures of the following derivatives (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
(ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
(iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
(iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
(v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
(vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
Rationalised 2023-24
256
Chemistry
8 6
Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with
following reagents (i) PhMgBr and then H3O
+
(ii) Tollens’ reagent
(iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
(iv) Excess ethanol and acid
(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
8 |
1 | 6958-6961 | (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
(ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
(iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
(iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
(v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
(vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
Rationalised 2023-24
256
Chemistry
8 6
Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with
following reagents (i) PhMgBr and then H3O
+
(ii) Tollens’ reagent
(iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
(iv) Excess ethanol and acid
(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
8 7
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which
the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither |
1 | 6959-6962 | 6
Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with
following reagents (i) PhMgBr and then H3O
+
(ii) Tollens’ reagent
(iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
(iv) Excess ethanol and acid
(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
8 7
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which
the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither Write the structures of the expected
products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction |
1 | 6960-6963 | (i) PhMgBr and then H3O
+
(ii) Tollens’ reagent
(iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
(iv) Excess ethanol and acid
(v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
8 7
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which
the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither Write the structures of the expected
products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction (i) Methanal
(ii) 2-Methylpentanal
(iii) Benzaldehyde
(iv) Benzophenone
(v) Cyclohexanone
(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
(vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
(viii) Butan-1-ol
(ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
8 |
1 | 6961-6964 | 7
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which
the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither Write the structures of the expected
products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction (i) Methanal
(ii) 2-Methylpentanal
(iii) Benzaldehyde
(iv) Benzophenone
(v) Cyclohexanone
(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
(vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
(viii) Butan-1-ol
(ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
8 8
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds |
1 | 6962-6965 | Write the structures of the expected
products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction (i) Methanal
(ii) 2-Methylpentanal
(iii) Benzaldehyde
(iv) Benzophenone
(v) Cyclohexanone
(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
(vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
(viii) Butan-1-ol
(ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
8 8
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds (i) Butane-1,3-diol
(ii) But-2-enal
(iii) But-2-enoic acid
8 |
1 | 6963-6966 | (i) Methanal
(ii) 2-Methylpentanal
(iii) Benzaldehyde
(iv) Benzophenone
(v) Cyclohexanone
(vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
(vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
(viii) Butan-1-ol
(ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
8 8
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds (i) Butane-1,3-diol
(ii) But-2-enal
(iii) But-2-enoic acid
8 9
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal |
1 | 6964-6967 | 8
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds (i) Butane-1,3-diol
(ii) But-2-enal
(iii) But-2-enoic acid
8 9
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile |
1 | 6965-6968 | (i) Butane-1,3-diol
(ii) But-2-enal
(iii) But-2-enoic acid
8 9
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile 8 |
1 | 6966-6969 | 9
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile 8 10
An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative,
reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction |
1 | 6967-6970 | In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile 8 10
An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative,
reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction On vigorous oxidation,
it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid |
1 | 6968-6971 | 8 10
An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative,
reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction On vigorous oxidation,
it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid Identify the compound |
1 | 6969-6972 | 10
An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative,
reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction On vigorous oxidation,
it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid Identify the compound 8 |
1 | 6970-6973 | On vigorous oxidation,
it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid Identify the compound 8 11
An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C) |
1 | 6971-6974 | Identify the compound 8 11
An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C) Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B) |
1 | 6972-6975 | 8 11
An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C) Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B) (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene |
1 | 6973-6976 | 11
An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C) Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B) (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene Write equations for the reactions involved |
1 | 6974-6977 | Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B) (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene Write equations for the reactions involved 8 |
1 | 6975-6978 | (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene Write equations for the reactions involved 8 12
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone
(reactivity towards HCN)
(ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH,
CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)
(iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid,
4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
8 |
1 | 6976-6979 | Write equations for the reactions involved 8 12
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone
(reactivity towards HCN)
(ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH,
CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)
(iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid,
4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
8 13
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds |
1 | 6977-6980 | 8 12
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone
(reactivity towards HCN)
(ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH,
CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)
(iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid,
4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
8 13
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds (i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal
8 |
1 | 6978-6981 | 12
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone
(reactivity towards HCN)
(ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH,
CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)
(iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid,
4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
8 13
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds (i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal
8 14
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene |
1 | 6979-6982 | 13
Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds (i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal
8 14
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene You may use
any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one
carbon atom
(i) Methyl benzoate
(ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iv) Phenylacetic acid
(v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde |
1 | 6980-6983 | (i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal
8 14
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene You may use
any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one
carbon atom
(i) Methyl benzoate
(ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iv) Phenylacetic acid
(v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 |
1 | 6981-6984 | 14
How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene You may use
any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one
carbon atom
(i) Methyl benzoate
(ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iv) Phenylacetic acid
(v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 15
How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps |
1 | 6982-6985 | You may use
any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one
carbon atom
(i) Methyl benzoate
(ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
(iv) Phenylacetic acid
(v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 15
How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps (i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
(vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol(vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
(ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
8 |
1 | 6983-6986 | 8 15
How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps (i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
(vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol(vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
(ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
8 16
Describe the following:
(i) Acetylation
(ii) Cannizzaro reaction
(iii) Cross aldol condensation
(iv) Decarboxylation
Rationalised 2023-24
257
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
8 |
1 | 6984-6987 | 15
How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps (i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
(vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol(vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
(ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
8 16
Describe the following:
(i) Acetylation
(ii) Cannizzaro reaction
(iii) Cross aldol condensation
(iv) Decarboxylation
Rationalised 2023-24
257
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
8 17
Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products
8 |
1 | 6985-6988 | (i) Propanone to Propene
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
(iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
(vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol(vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
(viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
(ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
8 16
Describe the following:
(i) Acetylation
(ii) Cannizzaro reaction
(iii) Cross aldol condensation
(iv) Decarboxylation
Rationalised 2023-24
257
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
8 17
Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products
8 18
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
(i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-
hexanone does not |
1 | 6986-6989 | 16
Describe the following:
(i) Acetylation
(ii) Cannizzaro reaction
(iii) Cross aldol condensation
(iv) Decarboxylation
Rationalised 2023-24
257
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
8 17
Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products
8 18
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
(i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-
hexanone does not (ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide |
1 | 6987-6990 | 17
Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products
8 18
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
(i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-
hexanone does not (ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide However, only one is involved
in the formation of semicarbazones |
1 | 6988-6991 | 18
Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
(i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-
hexanone does not (ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide However, only one is involved
in the formation of semicarbazones (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in
the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed
as soon as it is formed |
1 | 6989-6992 | (ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide However, only one is involved
in the formation of semicarbazones (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in
the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed
as soon as it is formed 8 |
1 | 6990-6993 | However, only one is involved
in the formation of semicarbazones (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in
the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed
as soon as it is formed 8 19
An organic compound contains 69 |
1 | 6991-6994 | (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in
the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed
as soon as it is formed 8 19
An organic compound contains 69 77% carbon, 11 |
1 | 6992-6995 | 8 19
An organic compound contains 69 77% carbon, 11 63% hydrogen and rest oxygen |
1 | 6993-6996 | 19
An organic compound contains 69 77% carbon, 11 63% hydrogen and rest oxygen The molecular mass of the compound is 86 |
1 | 6994-6997 | 77% carbon, 11 63% hydrogen and rest oxygen The molecular mass of the compound is 86 It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent
but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive
iodoform test |
1 | 6995-6998 | 63% hydrogen and rest oxygen The molecular mass of the compound is 86 It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent
but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive
iodoform test On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid |
1 | 6996-6999 | The molecular mass of the compound is 86 It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent
but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive
iodoform test On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid Write
the possible structure of the compound |
1 | 6997-7000 | It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent
but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive
iodoform test On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid Write
the possible structure of the compound 8 |
1 | 6998-7001 | On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid Write
the possible structure of the compound 8 20
Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol |
1 | 6999-7002 | Write
the possible structure of the compound 8 20
Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol Why |
1 | 7000-7003 | 8 20
Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol Why Answers to Some Intext Questions
8 |
1 | 7001-7004 | 20
Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol Why Answers to Some Intext Questions
8 1
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)
(iii)
(vi)
Rationalised 2023-24
258
Chemistry
8 |
1 | 7002-7005 | Why Answers to Some Intext Questions
8 1
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)
(iii)
(vi)
Rationalised 2023-24
258
Chemistry
8 2
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
8 |
1 | 7003-7006 | Answers to Some Intext Questions
8 1
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)
(iii)
(vi)
Rationalised 2023-24
258
Chemistry
8 2
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
8 3
CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
8 |
1 | 7004-7007 | 1
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)
(iii)
(vi)
Rationalised 2023-24
258
Chemistry
8 2
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
8 3
CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
8 4
(i)
Butanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
(ii)
Acetophenone < p-Tolualdehyde , Benzaldehyde < p-Nitrobenzaldehyde |
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