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1
2705-2708
3 Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction Zn(s)+2Ag+(aq) ®Zn2+(aq)+2Ag(s) takes place Further show: (i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged (ii) The carriers of the current in the cell (iii) Individual reaction at each electrode
1
2706-2709
Further show: (i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged (ii) The carriers of the current in the cell (iii) Individual reaction at each electrode 2
1
2707-2710
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell (iii) Individual reaction at each electrode 2 4 Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reactions take place: (i) 2Cr(s) + 3Cd2+(aq) ® 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cd (ii) Fe2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) ® Fe3+(aq) + Ag(s) Calculate the DrGo and equilibrium constant of the reactions
1
2708-2711
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode 2 4 Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reactions take place: (i) 2Cr(s) + 3Cd2+(aq) ® 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cd (ii) Fe2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) ® Fe3+(aq) + Ag(s) Calculate the DrGo and equilibrium constant of the reactions 2
1
2709-2712
2 4 Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reactions take place: (i) 2Cr(s) + 3Cd2+(aq) ® 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cd (ii) Fe2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) ® Fe3+(aq) + Ag(s) Calculate the DrGo and equilibrium constant of the reactions 2 5 Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K: (i) Mg(s)|Mg2+(0
1
2710-2713
4 Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reactions take place: (i) 2Cr(s) + 3Cd2+(aq) ® 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cd (ii) Fe2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) ® Fe3+(aq) + Ag(s) Calculate the DrGo and equilibrium constant of the reactions 2 5 Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K: (i) Mg(s)|Mg2+(0 001M)||Cu2+(0
1
2711-2714
2 5 Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K: (i) Mg(s)|Mg2+(0 001M)||Cu2+(0 0001 M)|Cu(s) (ii) Fe(s)|Fe2+(0
1
2712-2715
5 Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K: (i) Mg(s)|Mg2+(0 001M)||Cu2+(0 0001 M)|Cu(s) (ii) Fe(s)|Fe2+(0 001M)||H+(1M)|H2(g)(1bar)| Pt(s) (iii) Sn(s)|Sn2+(0
1
2713-2716
001M)||Cu2+(0 0001 M)|Cu(s) (ii) Fe(s)|Fe2+(0 001M)||H+(1M)|H2(g)(1bar)| Pt(s) (iii) Sn(s)|Sn2+(0 050 M)||H+(0
1
2714-2717
0001 M)|Cu(s) (ii) Fe(s)|Fe2+(0 001M)||H+(1M)|H2(g)(1bar)| Pt(s) (iii) Sn(s)|Sn2+(0 050 M)||H+(0 020 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) (iv) Pt(s)|Br–(0
1
2715-2718
001M)||H+(1M)|H2(g)(1bar)| Pt(s) (iii) Sn(s)|Sn2+(0 050 M)||H+(0 020 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) (iv) Pt(s)|Br–(0 010 M)|Br2(l )||H+(0
1
2716-2719
050 M)||H+(0 020 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) (iv) Pt(s)|Br–(0 010 M)|Br2(l )||H+(0 030 M)| H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s)
1
2717-2720
020 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) (iv) Pt(s)|Br–(0 010 M)|Br2(l )||H+(0 030 M)| H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) 2
1
2718-2721
010 M)|Br2(l )||H+(0 030 M)| H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) 2 6 In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place: Zn(s) + Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH–(aq) Determine DrGo and Eo for the reaction
1
2719-2722
030 M)| H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s) 2 6 In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place: Zn(s) + Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH–(aq) Determine DrGo and Eo for the reaction 2
1
2720-2723
2 6 In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place: Zn(s) + Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH–(aq) Determine DrGo and Eo for the reaction 2 7 Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte
1
2721-2724
6 In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place: Zn(s) + Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH–(aq) Determine DrGo and Eo for the reaction 2 7 Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte Discuss their variation with concentration
1
2722-2725
2 7 Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte Discuss their variation with concentration 2
1
2723-2726
7 Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte Discuss their variation with concentration 2 8 The conductivity of 0
1
2724-2727
Discuss their variation with concentration 2 8 The conductivity of 0 20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0
1
2725-2728
2 8 The conductivity of 0 20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0 0248 S cm–1
1
2726-2729
8 The conductivity of 0 20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0 0248 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity
1
2727-2730
20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0 0248 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity 2
1
2728-2731
0248 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity 2 9 The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0
1
2729-2732
Calculate its molar conductivity 2 9 The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 W
1
2730-2733
2 9 The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 W What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0
1
2731-2734
9 The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 W What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 0
1
2732-2735
001M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 W What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 0 146 × 10–3 S cm–1
1
2733-2736
What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0 001M KCl solution at 298 K is 0 146 × 10–3 S cm–1 Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 60 Chemistry Answers to Some Intext Questions 2
1
2734-2737
001M KCl solution at 298 K is 0 146 × 10–3 S cm–1 Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 60 Chemistry Answers to Some Intext Questions 2 5 E(cell) = 0
1
2735-2738
146 × 10–3 S cm–1 Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 60 Chemistry Answers to Some Intext Questions 2 5 E(cell) = 0 91 V 2
1
2736-2739
Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Exercises Rationalised 2023-24 60 Chemistry Answers to Some Intext Questions 2 5 E(cell) = 0 91 V 2 6 − ∆ o= − 1 rG 45
1
2737-2740
5 E(cell) = 0 91 V 2 6 − ∆ o= − 1 rG 45 54 kJ mol , Kc = 9
1
2738-2741
91 V 2 6 − ∆ o= − 1 rG 45 54 kJ mol , Kc = 9 62 ×107 2
1
2739-2742
6 − ∆ o= − 1 rG 45 54 kJ mol , Kc = 9 62 ×107 2 9 0
1
2740-2743
54 kJ mol , Kc = 9 62 ×107 2 9 0 114, 3
1
2741-2744
62 ×107 2 9 0 114, 3 67 × 10–4 mol L–1 2
1
2742-2745
9 0 114, 3 67 × 10–4 mol L–1 2 10 The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below: Concentration/M 0
1
2743-2746
114, 3 67 × 10–4 mol L–1 2 10 The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below: Concentration/M 0 001 0
1
2744-2747
67 × 10–4 mol L–1 2 10 The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below: Concentration/M 0 001 0 010 0
1
2745-2748
10 The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below: Concentration/M 0 001 0 010 0 020 0
1
2746-2749
001 0 010 0 020 0 050 0
1
2747-2750
010 0 020 0 050 0 100 102 × k/S m–1 1
1
2748-2751
020 0 050 0 100 102 × k/S m–1 1 237 11
1
2749-2752
050 0 100 102 × k/S m–1 1 237 11 85 23
1
2750-2753
100 102 × k/S m–1 1 237 11 85 23 15 55
1
2751-2754
237 11 85 23 15 55 53 106
1
2752-2755
85 23 15 55 53 106 74 Calculate Λm for all concentrations and draw a plot between Λm and c½
1
2753-2756
15 55 53 106 74 Calculate Λm for all concentrations and draw a plot between Λm and c½ Find the value of 0 m
1
2754-2757
53 106 74 Calculate Λm for all concentrations and draw a plot between Λm and c½ Find the value of 0 m 2
1
2755-2758
74 Calculate Λm for all concentrations and draw a plot between Λm and c½ Find the value of 0 m 2 11 Conductivity of 0
1
2756-2759
Find the value of 0 m 2 11 Conductivity of 0 00241 M acetic acid is 7
1
2757-2760
2 11 Conductivity of 0 00241 M acetic acid is 7 896 × 10–5 S cm–1
1
2758-2761
11 Conductivity of 0 00241 M acetic acid is 7 896 × 10–5 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity
1
2759-2762
00241 M acetic acid is 7 896 × 10–5 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity If 0 m for acetic acid is 390
1
2760-2763
896 × 10–5 S cm–1 Calculate its molar conductivity If 0 m for acetic acid is 390 5 S cm2 mol–1, what is its dissociation constant
1
2761-2764
Calculate its molar conductivity If 0 m for acetic acid is 390 5 S cm2 mol–1, what is its dissociation constant 2
1
2762-2765
If 0 m for acetic acid is 390 5 S cm2 mol–1, what is its dissociation constant 2 12 How much charge is required for the following reductions: (i) 1 mol of Al3+ to Al
1
2763-2766
5 S cm2 mol–1, what is its dissociation constant 2 12 How much charge is required for the following reductions: (i) 1 mol of Al3+ to Al (ii) 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu
1
2764-2767
2 12 How much charge is required for the following reductions: (i) 1 mol of Al3+ to Al (ii) 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu (iii) 1 mol of MnO4 – to Mn2+
1
2765-2768
12 How much charge is required for the following reductions: (i) 1 mol of Al3+ to Al (ii) 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu (iii) 1 mol of MnO4 – to Mn2+ 2
1
2766-2769
(ii) 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu (iii) 1 mol of MnO4 – to Mn2+ 2 13 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce (i) 20
1
2767-2770
(iii) 1 mol of MnO4 – to Mn2+ 2 13 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce (i) 20 0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2
1
2768-2771
2 13 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce (i) 20 0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2 (ii) 40
1
2769-2772
13 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce (i) 20 0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2 (ii) 40 0 g of Al from molten Al2O3
1
2770-2773
0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2 (ii) 40 0 g of Al from molten Al2O3 2
1
2771-2774
(ii) 40 0 g of Al from molten Al2O3 2 14 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of (i) 1 mol of H2O to O2
1
2772-2775
0 g of Al from molten Al2O3 2 14 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of (i) 1 mol of H2O to O2 (ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3
1
2773-2776
2 14 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of (i) 1 mol of H2O to O2 (ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3 2
1
2774-2777
14 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of (i) 1 mol of H2O to O2 (ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3 2 15 A solution of Ni(NO3)2 is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes
1
2775-2778
(ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3 2 15 A solution of Ni(NO3)2 is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode
1
2776-2779
2 15 A solution of Ni(NO3)2 is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode 2
1
2777-2780
15 A solution of Ni(NO3)2 is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode 2 16 Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4, respectively are connected in series
1
2778-2781
What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode 2 16 Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4, respectively are connected in series A steady current of 1
1
2779-2782
2 16 Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4, respectively are connected in series A steady current of 1 5 amperes was passed through them until 1
1
2780-2783
16 Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4, respectively are connected in series A steady current of 1 5 amperes was passed through them until 1 45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B
1
2781-2784
A steady current of 1 5 amperes was passed through them until 1 45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B How long did the current flow
1
2782-2785
5 amperes was passed through them until 1 45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B How long did the current flow What mass of copper and zinc were deposited
1
2783-2786
45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B How long did the current flow What mass of copper and zinc were deposited 2
1
2784-2787
How long did the current flow What mass of copper and zinc were deposited 2 17 Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3
1
2785-2788
What mass of copper and zinc were deposited 2 17 Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3 1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible: (i) Fe3+(aq) and I–(aq) (ii) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s) (iii) Fe3+ (aq) and Br– (aq) (iv) Ag(s) and Fe 3+ (aq) (v) Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq)
1
2786-2789
2 17 Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3 1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible: (i) Fe3+(aq) and I–(aq) (ii) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s) (iii) Fe3+ (aq) and Br– (aq) (iv) Ag(s) and Fe 3+ (aq) (v) Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq) 2
1
2787-2790
17 Using the standard electrode potentials given in Table 3 1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible: (i) Fe3+(aq) and I–(aq) (ii) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s) (iii) Fe3+ (aq) and Br– (aq) (iv) Ag(s) and Fe 3+ (aq) (v) Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq) 2 18 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following: (i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes
1
2788-2791
1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible: (i) Fe3+(aq) and I–(aq) (ii) Ag+ (aq) and Cu(s) (iii) Fe3+ (aq) and Br– (aq) (iv) Ag(s) and Fe 3+ (aq) (v) Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq) 2 18 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following: (i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes (ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes
1
2789-2792
2 18 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following: (i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes (ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes (iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes
1
2790-2793
18 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following: (i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes (ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes (iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes (iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes
1
2791-2794
(ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes (iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes (iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes Rationalised 2023-24 Chemistry, by its very nature, is concerned with change
1
2792-2795
(iii) A dilute solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes (iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes Rationalised 2023-24 Chemistry, by its very nature, is concerned with change Substances with well defined properties are converted by chemical reactions into other substances with different properties
1
2793-2796
(iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes Rationalised 2023-24 Chemistry, by its very nature, is concerned with change Substances with well defined properties are converted by chemical reactions into other substances with different properties For any chemical reaction, chemists try to find out (a) the feasibility of a chemical reaction which can be predicted by thermodynamics ( as you know that a reaction with DG < 0, at constant temperature and pressure is feasible); (b) extent to which a reaction will proceed can be determined from chemical equilibrium; (c) speed of a reaction i
1
2794-2797
Rationalised 2023-24 Chemistry, by its very nature, is concerned with change Substances with well defined properties are converted by chemical reactions into other substances with different properties For any chemical reaction, chemists try to find out (a) the feasibility of a chemical reaction which can be predicted by thermodynamics ( as you know that a reaction with DG < 0, at constant temperature and pressure is feasible); (b) extent to which a reaction will proceed can be determined from chemical equilibrium; (c) speed of a reaction i e
1
2795-2798
Substances with well defined properties are converted by chemical reactions into other substances with different properties For any chemical reaction, chemists try to find out (a) the feasibility of a chemical reaction which can be predicted by thermodynamics ( as you know that a reaction with DG < 0, at constant temperature and pressure is feasible); (b) extent to which a reaction will proceed can be determined from chemical equilibrium; (c) speed of a reaction i e time taken by a reaction to reach equilibrium
1
2796-2799
For any chemical reaction, chemists try to find out (a) the feasibility of a chemical reaction which can be predicted by thermodynamics ( as you know that a reaction with DG < 0, at constant temperature and pressure is feasible); (b) extent to which a reaction will proceed can be determined from chemical equilibrium; (c) speed of a reaction i e time taken by a reaction to reach equilibrium Along with feasibility and extent, it is equally important to know the rate and the factors controlling the rate of a chemical reaction for its complete understanding
1
2797-2800
e time taken by a reaction to reach equilibrium Along with feasibility and extent, it is equally important to know the rate and the factors controlling the rate of a chemical reaction for its complete understanding For example, which parameters determine as to how rapidly food gets spoiled
1
2798-2801
time taken by a reaction to reach equilibrium Along with feasibility and extent, it is equally important to know the rate and the factors controlling the rate of a chemical reaction for its complete understanding For example, which parameters determine as to how rapidly food gets spoiled How to design a rapidly setting material for dental filling
1
2799-2802
Along with feasibility and extent, it is equally important to know the rate and the factors controlling the rate of a chemical reaction for its complete understanding For example, which parameters determine as to how rapidly food gets spoiled How to design a rapidly setting material for dental filling Or what controls the rate at which fuel burns in an auto engine
1
2800-2803
For example, which parameters determine as to how rapidly food gets spoiled How to design a rapidly setting material for dental filling Or what controls the rate at which fuel burns in an auto engine All these questions can be answered by the branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of reaction rates and their mechanisms, called chemical kinetics
1
2801-2804
How to design a rapidly setting material for dental filling Or what controls the rate at which fuel burns in an auto engine All these questions can be answered by the branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of reaction rates and their mechanisms, called chemical kinetics The word kinetics is derived from the Greek word ‘kinesis’ meaning movement
1
2802-2805
Or what controls the rate at which fuel burns in an auto engine All these questions can be answered by the branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of reaction rates and their mechanisms, called chemical kinetics The word kinetics is derived from the Greek word ‘kinesis’ meaning movement Thermodynamics tells only about the feasibility of a reaction whereas chemical kinetics tells about the rate of a reaction
1
2803-2806
All these questions can be answered by the branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of reaction rates and their mechanisms, called chemical kinetics The word kinetics is derived from the Greek word ‘kinesis’ meaning movement Thermodynamics tells only about the feasibility of a reaction whereas chemical kinetics tells about the rate of a reaction For example, thermodynamic data indicate that diamond shall convert to graphite but in reality the conversion rate is so slow that the change is not perceptible at all
1
2804-2807
The word kinetics is derived from the Greek word ‘kinesis’ meaning movement Thermodynamics tells only about the feasibility of a reaction whereas chemical kinetics tells about the rate of a reaction For example, thermodynamic data indicate that diamond shall convert to graphite but in reality the conversion rate is so slow that the change is not perceptible at all Therefore, most people think After studying this Unit, you will be able to · define the average and instantaneous rate of a reaction; · express the rate of a reaction in terms of change in concentration of either of the reactants or products with time; · distinguish between elementary and complex reactions; · differentiate between the molecularity and order of a reaction; · define rate constant; · discuss the dependence of rate of reactions on concentration, temperature and catalyst; · derive integrated rate equations for the zero and first order reactions; · determine the rate constants for zeroth and first order reactions; · describe collision theory