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9 | 1439-1442 | 15)
where a and w (= 2pn) represent the amplitude and the angular frequency
of the wave, respectively; further,
2
k
λ
π
=
(10 16)
represents the wavelength associated with the wave We had discussed
propagation of such waves in Chapter 14 of Class XI textbook Since the
displacement (which is along the y direction) is at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave, we have what is known as a
transverse wave |
9 | 1440-1443 | 16)
represents the wavelength associated with the wave We had discussed
propagation of such waves in Chapter 14 of Class XI textbook Since the
displacement (which is along the y direction) is at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave, we have what is known as a
transverse wave Also, since the displacement is in the y direction, it is
often referred to as a y-polarised wave |
9 | 1441-1444 | We had discussed
propagation of such waves in Chapter 14 of Class XI textbook Since the
displacement (which is along the y direction) is at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave, we have what is known as a
transverse wave Also, since the displacement is in the y direction, it is
often referred to as a y-polarised wave Since each point on the string
moves on a straight line, the wave is also referred to as a linearly polarised
Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
270
wave |
9 | 1442-1445 | Since the
displacement (which is along the y direction) is at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave, we have what is known as a
transverse wave Also, since the displacement is in the y direction, it is
often referred to as a y-polarised wave Since each point on the string
moves on a straight line, the wave is also referred to as a linearly polarised
Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
270
wave Further, the string always remains confined to the x-y plane and
therefore it is also referred to as a plane polarised wave |
9 | 1443-1446 | Also, since the displacement is in the y direction, it is
often referred to as a y-polarised wave Since each point on the string
moves on a straight line, the wave is also referred to as a linearly polarised
Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
270
wave Further, the string always remains confined to the x-y plane and
therefore it is also referred to as a plane polarised wave In a similar manner we can consider the vibration of the string in the
x-z plane generating a z-polarised wave whose displacement will be given
by
z (x,t) = a sin (kx – wt)
(10 |
9 | 1444-1447 | Since each point on the string
moves on a straight line, the wave is also referred to as a linearly polarised
Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
270
wave Further, the string always remains confined to the x-y plane and
therefore it is also referred to as a plane polarised wave In a similar manner we can consider the vibration of the string in the
x-z plane generating a z-polarised wave whose displacement will be given
by
z (x,t) = a sin (kx – wt)
(10 17)
It should be mentioned that the linearly polarised waves [described
by Eqs |
9 | 1445-1448 | Further, the string always remains confined to the x-y plane and
therefore it is also referred to as a plane polarised wave In a similar manner we can consider the vibration of the string in the
x-z plane generating a z-polarised wave whose displacement will be given
by
z (x,t) = a sin (kx – wt)
(10 17)
It should be mentioned that the linearly polarised waves [described
by Eqs (10 |
9 | 1446-1449 | In a similar manner we can consider the vibration of the string in the
x-z plane generating a z-polarised wave whose displacement will be given
by
z (x,t) = a sin (kx – wt)
(10 17)
It should be mentioned that the linearly polarised waves [described
by Eqs (10 15) and (10 |
9 | 1447-1450 | 17)
It should be mentioned that the linearly polarised waves [described
by Eqs (10 15) and (10 17)] are all transverse waves; i |
9 | 1448-1451 | (10 15) and (10 17)] are all transverse waves; i e |
9 | 1449-1452 | 15) and (10 17)] are all transverse waves; i e , the
displacement of each point of the string is always at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave |
9 | 1450-1453 | 17)] are all transverse waves; i e , the
displacement of each point of the string is always at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave Finally, if the plane of vibration of
the string is changed randomly in very short intervals of time, then we
have what is known as an unpolarised wave |
9 | 1451-1454 | e , the
displacement of each point of the string is always at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave Finally, if the plane of vibration of
the string is changed randomly in very short intervals of time, then we
have what is known as an unpolarised wave Thus, for an unpolarised
wave the displacement will be randomly changing with time though it
will always be perpendicular to the direction of propagation |
9 | 1452-1455 | , the
displacement of each point of the string is always at right angles to the
direction of propagation of the wave Finally, if the plane of vibration of
the string is changed randomly in very short intervals of time, then we
have what is known as an unpolarised wave Thus, for an unpolarised
wave the displacement will be randomly changing with time though it
will always be perpendicular to the direction of propagation Light waves are transverse in nature; i |
9 | 1453-1456 | Finally, if the plane of vibration of
the string is changed randomly in very short intervals of time, then we
have what is known as an unpolarised wave Thus, for an unpolarised
wave the displacement will be randomly changing with time though it
will always be perpendicular to the direction of propagation Light waves are transverse in nature; i e |
9 | 1454-1457 | Thus, for an unpolarised
wave the displacement will be randomly changing with time though it
will always be perpendicular to the direction of propagation Light waves are transverse in nature; i e , the electric field associated
with a propagating light wave is always at right angles to the direction of
propagation of the wave |
9 | 1455-1458 | Light waves are transverse in nature; i e , the electric field associated
with a propagating light wave is always at right angles to the direction of
propagation of the wave This can be easily demonstrated using a simple
polaroid |
9 | 1456-1459 | e , the electric field associated
with a propagating light wave is always at right angles to the direction of
propagation of the wave This can be easily demonstrated using a simple
polaroid You must have seen thin plastic like sheets, which are called
polaroids |
9 | 1457-1460 | , the electric field associated
with a propagating light wave is always at right angles to the direction of
propagation of the wave This can be easily demonstrated using a simple
polaroid You must have seen thin plastic like sheets, which are called
polaroids A polaroid consists of long chain molecules aligned in a
particular direction |
9 | 1458-1461 | This can be easily demonstrated using a simple
polaroid You must have seen thin plastic like sheets, which are called
polaroids A polaroid consists of long chain molecules aligned in a
particular direction The electric vectors (associated with the propagating
light wave) along the direction of the aligned molecules get absorbed |
9 | 1459-1462 | You must have seen thin plastic like sheets, which are called
polaroids A polaroid consists of long chain molecules aligned in a
particular direction The electric vectors (associated with the propagating
light wave) along the direction of the aligned molecules get absorbed Thus, if an unpolarised light wave is incident on such a polaroid then
the light wave will get linearly polarised with the electric vector oscillating
along a direction perpendicular to the aligned molecules; this direction
is known as the pass-axis of the polaroid |
9 | 1460-1463 | A polaroid consists of long chain molecules aligned in a
particular direction The electric vectors (associated with the propagating
light wave) along the direction of the aligned molecules get absorbed Thus, if an unpolarised light wave is incident on such a polaroid then
the light wave will get linearly polarised with the electric vector oscillating
along a direction perpendicular to the aligned molecules; this direction
is known as the pass-axis of the polaroid Thus, if the light from an ordinary source (like a sodium lamp) passes
through a polaroid sheet P1, it is observed that its intensity is reduced by
half |
9 | 1461-1464 | The electric vectors (associated with the propagating
light wave) along the direction of the aligned molecules get absorbed Thus, if an unpolarised light wave is incident on such a polaroid then
the light wave will get linearly polarised with the electric vector oscillating
along a direction perpendicular to the aligned molecules; this direction
is known as the pass-axis of the polaroid Thus, if the light from an ordinary source (like a sodium lamp) passes
through a polaroid sheet P1, it is observed that its intensity is reduced by
half Rotating P1 has no effect on the transmitted beam and transmitted
intensity remains constant |
9 | 1462-1465 | Thus, if an unpolarised light wave is incident on such a polaroid then
the light wave will get linearly polarised with the electric vector oscillating
along a direction perpendicular to the aligned molecules; this direction
is known as the pass-axis of the polaroid Thus, if the light from an ordinary source (like a sodium lamp) passes
through a polaroid sheet P1, it is observed that its intensity is reduced by
half Rotating P1 has no effect on the transmitted beam and transmitted
intensity remains constant Now, let an identical piece of polaroid P2 be
placed before P1 |
9 | 1463-1466 | Thus, if the light from an ordinary source (like a sodium lamp) passes
through a polaroid sheet P1, it is observed that its intensity is reduced by
half Rotating P1 has no effect on the transmitted beam and transmitted
intensity remains constant Now, let an identical piece of polaroid P2 be
placed before P1 As expected, the light from the lamp is reduced in
intensity on passing through P2 alone |
9 | 1464-1467 | Rotating P1 has no effect on the transmitted beam and transmitted
intensity remains constant Now, let an identical piece of polaroid P2 be
placed before P1 As expected, the light from the lamp is reduced in
intensity on passing through P2 alone But now rotating P1 has a dramatic
effect on the light coming from P2 |
9 | 1465-1468 | Now, let an identical piece of polaroid P2 be
placed before P1 As expected, the light from the lamp is reduced in
intensity on passing through P2 alone But now rotating P1 has a dramatic
effect on the light coming from P2 In one position, the intensity transmitted
by P2 followed by P1 is nearly zero |
9 | 1466-1469 | As expected, the light from the lamp is reduced in
intensity on passing through P2 alone But now rotating P1 has a dramatic
effect on the light coming from P2 In one position, the intensity transmitted
by P2 followed by P1 is nearly zero When turned by 90° from this position,
P1 transmits nearly the full intensity emerging from P2 (Fig |
9 | 1467-1470 | But now rotating P1 has a dramatic
effect on the light coming from P2 In one position, the intensity transmitted
by P2 followed by P1 is nearly zero When turned by 90° from this position,
P1 transmits nearly the full intensity emerging from P2 (Fig 10 |
9 | 1468-1471 | In one position, the intensity transmitted
by P2 followed by P1 is nearly zero When turned by 90° from this position,
P1 transmits nearly the full intensity emerging from P2 (Fig 10 18) |
9 | 1469-1472 | When turned by 90° from this position,
P1 transmits nearly the full intensity emerging from P2 (Fig 10 18) The experiment at figure 10 |
9 | 1470-1473 | 10 18) The experiment at figure 10 18 can be easily understood by assuming
that light passing through the polaroid P2 gets polarised along the pass-
axis of P2 |
9 | 1471-1474 | 18) The experiment at figure 10 18 can be easily understood by assuming
that light passing through the polaroid P2 gets polarised along the pass-
axis of P2 If the pass-axis of P2 makes an angle q with the pass-axis of
P1, then when the polarised beam passes through the polaroid P2, the
component E cos q (along the pass-axis of P2) will pass through P2 |
9 | 1472-1475 | The experiment at figure 10 18 can be easily understood by assuming
that light passing through the polaroid P2 gets polarised along the pass-
axis of P2 If the pass-axis of P2 makes an angle q with the pass-axis of
P1, then when the polarised beam passes through the polaroid P2, the
component E cos q (along the pass-axis of P2) will pass through P2 Thus, as we rotate the polaroid P1 (or P2), the intensity will vary as:
I = I0 cos2q
(10 |
9 | 1473-1476 | 18 can be easily understood by assuming
that light passing through the polaroid P2 gets polarised along the pass-
axis of P2 If the pass-axis of P2 makes an angle q with the pass-axis of
P1, then when the polarised beam passes through the polaroid P2, the
component E cos q (along the pass-axis of P2) will pass through P2 Thus, as we rotate the polaroid P1 (or P2), the intensity will vary as:
I = I0 cos2q
(10 18)
where I0 is the intensity of the polarized light after passing through
P1 |
9 | 1474-1477 | If the pass-axis of P2 makes an angle q with the pass-axis of
P1, then when the polarised beam passes through the polaroid P2, the
component E cos q (along the pass-axis of P2) will pass through P2 Thus, as we rotate the polaroid P1 (or P2), the intensity will vary as:
I = I0 cos2q
(10 18)
where I0 is the intensity of the polarized light after passing through
P1 This is known as Malus’ law |
9 | 1475-1478 | Thus, as we rotate the polaroid P1 (or P2), the intensity will vary as:
I = I0 cos2q
(10 18)
where I0 is the intensity of the polarized light after passing through
P1 This is known as Malus’ law The above discussion shows that the
Rationalised 2023-24
271
Wave Optics
FIGURE 10 |
9 | 1476-1479 | 18)
where I0 is the intensity of the polarized light after passing through
P1 This is known as Malus’ law The above discussion shows that the
Rationalised 2023-24
271
Wave Optics
FIGURE 10 18 (a) Passage of light through two polaroids P2 and P1 |
9 | 1477-1480 | This is known as Malus’ law The above discussion shows that the
Rationalised 2023-24
271
Wave Optics
FIGURE 10 18 (a) Passage of light through two polaroids P2 and P1 The
transmitted fraction falls from 1 to 0 as the angle between them varies
from 0° to 90° |
9 | 1478-1481 | The above discussion shows that the
Rationalised 2023-24
271
Wave Optics
FIGURE 10 18 (a) Passage of light through two polaroids P2 and P1 The
transmitted fraction falls from 1 to 0 as the angle between them varies
from 0° to 90° Notice that the light seen through a single polaroid
P1 does not vary with angle |
9 | 1479-1482 | 18 (a) Passage of light through two polaroids P2 and P1 The
transmitted fraction falls from 1 to 0 as the angle between them varies
from 0° to 90° Notice that the light seen through a single polaroid
P1 does not vary with angle (b) Behaviour of the electric vector
when light passes through two polaroids |
9 | 1480-1483 | The
transmitted fraction falls from 1 to 0 as the angle between them varies
from 0° to 90° Notice that the light seen through a single polaroid
P1 does not vary with angle (b) Behaviour of the electric vector
when light passes through two polaroids The transmitted
polarisation is the component parallel to the polaroid axis |
9 | 1481-1484 | Notice that the light seen through a single polaroid
P1 does not vary with angle (b) Behaviour of the electric vector
when light passes through two polaroids The transmitted
polarisation is the component parallel to the polaroid axis The double arrows show the oscillations of the electric vector |
9 | 1482-1485 | (b) Behaviour of the electric vector
when light passes through two polaroids The transmitted
polarisation is the component parallel to the polaroid axis The double arrows show the oscillations of the electric vector intensity coming out of a single polaroid is half of the incident intensity |
9 | 1483-1486 | The transmitted
polarisation is the component parallel to the polaroid axis The double arrows show the oscillations of the electric vector intensity coming out of a single polaroid is half of the incident intensity By putting a second polaroid, the intensity can be further controlled
from 50% to zero of the incident intensity by adjusting the angle between
the pass-axes of two polaroids |
9 | 1484-1487 | The double arrows show the oscillations of the electric vector intensity coming out of a single polaroid is half of the incident intensity By putting a second polaroid, the intensity can be further controlled
from 50% to zero of the incident intensity by adjusting the angle between
the pass-axes of two polaroids Polaroids can be used to control the intensity, in sunglasses,
windowpanes, etc |
9 | 1485-1488 | intensity coming out of a single polaroid is half of the incident intensity By putting a second polaroid, the intensity can be further controlled
from 50% to zero of the incident intensity by adjusting the angle between
the pass-axes of two polaroids Polaroids can be used to control the intensity, in sunglasses,
windowpanes, etc Polaroids are also used in photographic cameras and
3D movie cameras |
9 | 1486-1489 | By putting a second polaroid, the intensity can be further controlled
from 50% to zero of the incident intensity by adjusting the angle between
the pass-axes of two polaroids Polaroids can be used to control the intensity, in sunglasses,
windowpanes, etc Polaroids are also used in photographic cameras and
3D movie cameras EXAMPLE 10 |
9 | 1487-1490 | Polaroids can be used to control the intensity, in sunglasses,
windowpanes, etc Polaroids are also used in photographic cameras and
3D movie cameras EXAMPLE 10 2
Example 10 |
9 | 1488-1491 | Polaroids are also used in photographic cameras and
3D movie cameras EXAMPLE 10 2
Example 10 2 Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a
polaroid sheet is rotated between two crossed polaroids |
9 | 1489-1492 | EXAMPLE 10 2
Example 10 2 Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a
polaroid sheet is rotated between two crossed polaroids Solution Let I0 be the intensity of polarised light after passing through
the first polariser P1 |
9 | 1490-1493 | 2
Example 10 2 Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a
polaroid sheet is rotated between two crossed polaroids Solution Let I0 be the intensity of polarised light after passing through
the first polariser P1 Then the intensity of light after passing through
second polariser P2 will be
2
0cos
I
I
θ
=
,
where q is the angle between pass axes of P1 and P2 |
9 | 1491-1494 | 2 Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a
polaroid sheet is rotated between two crossed polaroids Solution Let I0 be the intensity of polarised light after passing through
the first polariser P1 Then the intensity of light after passing through
second polariser P2 will be
2
0cos
I
I
θ
=
,
where q is the angle between pass axes of P1 and P2 Since P1 and P3
are crossed the angle between the pass axes of P2 and P3 will be
(p/2–q) |
9 | 1492-1495 | Solution Let I0 be the intensity of polarised light after passing through
the first polariser P1 Then the intensity of light after passing through
second polariser P2 will be
2
0cos
I
I
θ
=
,
where q is the angle between pass axes of P1 and P2 Since P1 and P3
are crossed the angle between the pass axes of P2 and P3 will be
(p/2–q) Hence the intensity of light emerging from P3 will be
I
=I
0
2
2
2
cos
θcos
θ
π –
= I0 cos2q sin2q =(I0/4) sin22q
Therefore, the transmitted intensity will be maximum when q = p/4 |
9 | 1493-1496 | Then the intensity of light after passing through
second polariser P2 will be
2
0cos
I
I
θ
=
,
where q is the angle between pass axes of P1 and P2 Since P1 and P3
are crossed the angle between the pass axes of P2 and P3 will be
(p/2–q) Hence the intensity of light emerging from P3 will be
I
=I
0
2
2
2
cos
θcos
θ
π –
= I0 cos2q sin2q =(I0/4) sin22q
Therefore, the transmitted intensity will be maximum when q = p/4 Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
272
POINTS TO PONDER
1 |
9 | 1494-1497 | Since P1 and P3
are crossed the angle between the pass axes of P2 and P3 will be
(p/2–q) Hence the intensity of light emerging from P3 will be
I
=I
0
2
2
2
cos
θcos
θ
π –
= I0 cos2q sin2q =(I0/4) sin22q
Therefore, the transmitted intensity will be maximum when q = p/4 Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
272
POINTS TO PONDER
1 Waves from a point source spread out in all directions, while light was
seen to travel along narrow rays |
9 | 1495-1498 | Hence the intensity of light emerging from P3 will be
I
=I
0
2
2
2
cos
θcos
θ
π –
= I0 cos2q sin2q =(I0/4) sin22q
Therefore, the transmitted intensity will be maximum when q = p/4 Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
272
POINTS TO PONDER
1 Waves from a point source spread out in all directions, while light was
seen to travel along narrow rays It required the insight and experiment
of Huygens, Young and Fresnel to understand how a wave theory could
explain all aspects of the behaviour of light |
9 | 1496-1499 | Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
272
POINTS TO PONDER
1 Waves from a point source spread out in all directions, while light was
seen to travel along narrow rays It required the insight and experiment
of Huygens, Young and Fresnel to understand how a wave theory could
explain all aspects of the behaviour of light 2 |
9 | 1497-1500 | Waves from a point source spread out in all directions, while light was
seen to travel along narrow rays It required the insight and experiment
of Huygens, Young and Fresnel to understand how a wave theory could
explain all aspects of the behaviour of light 2 The crucial new feature of waves is interference of amplitudes from different
sources which can be both constructive and destructive, as shown in
Young’s experiment |
9 | 1498-1501 | It required the insight and experiment
of Huygens, Young and Fresnel to understand how a wave theory could
explain all aspects of the behaviour of light 2 The crucial new feature of waves is interference of amplitudes from different
sources which can be both constructive and destructive, as shown in
Young’s experiment 3 |
9 | 1499-1502 | 2 The crucial new feature of waves is interference of amplitudes from different
sources which can be both constructive and destructive, as shown in
Young’s experiment 3 Diffraction phenomena define the limits of ray optics |
9 | 1500-1503 | The crucial new feature of waves is interference of amplitudes from different
sources which can be both constructive and destructive, as shown in
Young’s experiment 3 Diffraction phenomena define the limits of ray optics The limit of the
ability of microscopes and telescopes to distinguish very close objects is
set by the wavelength of light |
9 | 1501-1504 | 3 Diffraction phenomena define the limits of ray optics The limit of the
ability of microscopes and telescopes to distinguish very close objects is
set by the wavelength of light 4 |
9 | 1502-1505 | Diffraction phenomena define the limits of ray optics The limit of the
ability of microscopes and telescopes to distinguish very close objects is
set by the wavelength of light 4 Most interference and diffraction effects exist even for longitudinal waves
like sound in air |
9 | 1503-1506 | The limit of the
ability of microscopes and telescopes to distinguish very close objects is
set by the wavelength of light 4 Most interference and diffraction effects exist even for longitudinal waves
like sound in air But polarisation phenomena are special to transverse
waves like light waves |
9 | 1504-1507 | 4 Most interference and diffraction effects exist even for longitudinal waves
like sound in air But polarisation phenomena are special to transverse
waves like light waves SUMMARY
1 |
9 | 1505-1508 | Most interference and diffraction effects exist even for longitudinal waves
like sound in air But polarisation phenomena are special to transverse
waves like light waves SUMMARY
1 Huygens’ principle tells us that each point on a wavefront is a source
of secondary waves, which add up to give the wavefront at a later time |
9 | 1506-1509 | But polarisation phenomena are special to transverse
waves like light waves SUMMARY
1 Huygens’ principle tells us that each point on a wavefront is a source
of secondary waves, which add up to give the wavefront at a later time 2 |
9 | 1507-1510 | SUMMARY
1 Huygens’ principle tells us that each point on a wavefront is a source
of secondary waves, which add up to give the wavefront at a later time 2 Huygens’ construction tells us that the new wavefront is the forward
envelope of the secondary waves |
9 | 1508-1511 | Huygens’ principle tells us that each point on a wavefront is a source
of secondary waves, which add up to give the wavefront at a later time 2 Huygens’ construction tells us that the new wavefront is the forward
envelope of the secondary waves When the speed of light is
independent of direction, the secondary waves are spherical |
9 | 1509-1512 | 2 Huygens’ construction tells us that the new wavefront is the forward
envelope of the secondary waves When the speed of light is
independent of direction, the secondary waves are spherical The rays
are then perpendicular to both the wavefronts and the time of travel
is the same measured along any ray |
9 | 1510-1513 | Huygens’ construction tells us that the new wavefront is the forward
envelope of the secondary waves When the speed of light is
independent of direction, the secondary waves are spherical The rays
are then perpendicular to both the wavefronts and the time of travel
is the same measured along any ray This principle leads to the well
known laws of reflection and refraction |
9 | 1511-1514 | When the speed of light is
independent of direction, the secondary waves are spherical The rays
are then perpendicular to both the wavefronts and the time of travel
is the same measured along any ray This principle leads to the well
known laws of reflection and refraction 3 |
9 | 1512-1515 | The rays
are then perpendicular to both the wavefronts and the time of travel
is the same measured along any ray This principle leads to the well
known laws of reflection and refraction 3 The principle of superposition of waves applies whenever two or more
sources of light illuminate the same point |
9 | 1513-1516 | This principle leads to the well
known laws of reflection and refraction 3 The principle of superposition of waves applies whenever two or more
sources of light illuminate the same point When we consider the
intensity of light due to these sources at the given point, there is an
interference term in addition to the sum of the individual intensities |
9 | 1514-1517 | 3 The principle of superposition of waves applies whenever two or more
sources of light illuminate the same point When we consider the
intensity of light due to these sources at the given point, there is an
interference term in addition to the sum of the individual intensities But this term is important only if it has a non-zero average, which
occurs only if the sources have the same frequency and a stable phase
difference |
9 | 1515-1518 | The principle of superposition of waves applies whenever two or more
sources of light illuminate the same point When we consider the
intensity of light due to these sources at the given point, there is an
interference term in addition to the sum of the individual intensities But this term is important only if it has a non-zero average, which
occurs only if the sources have the same frequency and a stable phase
difference 4 |
9 | 1516-1519 | When we consider the
intensity of light due to these sources at the given point, there is an
interference term in addition to the sum of the individual intensities But this term is important only if it has a non-zero average, which
occurs only if the sources have the same frequency and a stable phase
difference 4 Young’s double slit of separation d gives equally spaced interference
fringes |
9 | 1517-1520 | But this term is important only if it has a non-zero average, which
occurs only if the sources have the same frequency and a stable phase
difference 4 Young’s double slit of separation d gives equally spaced interference
fringes 5 |
9 | 1518-1521 | 4 Young’s double slit of separation d gives equally spaced interference
fringes 5 A single slit of width a gives a diffraction pattern with a central
maximum |
9 | 1519-1522 | Young’s double slit of separation d gives equally spaced interference
fringes 5 A single slit of width a gives a diffraction pattern with a central
maximum The intensity falls to zero at angles of
2
,
,
a
a
λ
λ
±
±
etc |
9 | 1520-1523 | 5 A single slit of width a gives a diffraction pattern with a central
maximum The intensity falls to zero at angles of
2
,
,
a
a
λ
λ
±
±
etc ,
with successively weaker secondary maxima in between |
9 | 1521-1524 | A single slit of width a gives a diffraction pattern with a central
maximum The intensity falls to zero at angles of
2
,
,
a
a
λ
λ
±
±
etc ,
with successively weaker secondary maxima in between 6 |
9 | 1522-1525 | The intensity falls to zero at angles of
2
,
,
a
a
λ
λ
±
±
etc ,
with successively weaker secondary maxima in between 6 Natural light, e |
9 | 1523-1526 | ,
with successively weaker secondary maxima in between 6 Natural light, e g |
9 | 1524-1527 | 6 Natural light, e g , from the sun is unpolarised |
9 | 1525-1528 | Natural light, e g , from the sun is unpolarised This means the electric
vector takes all possible directions in the transverse plane, rapidly
and randomly, during a measurement |
9 | 1526-1529 | g , from the sun is unpolarised This means the electric
vector takes all possible directions in the transverse plane, rapidly
and randomly, during a measurement A polaroid transmits only one
component (parallel to a special axis) |
9 | 1527-1530 | , from the sun is unpolarised This means the electric
vector takes all possible directions in the transverse plane, rapidly
and randomly, during a measurement A polaroid transmits only one
component (parallel to a special axis) The resulting light is called
linearly polarised or plane polarised |
9 | 1528-1531 | This means the electric
vector takes all possible directions in the transverse plane, rapidly
and randomly, during a measurement A polaroid transmits only one
component (parallel to a special axis) The resulting light is called
linearly polarised or plane polarised When this kind of light is viewed
through a second polaroid whose axis turns through 2p, two maxima
and minima of intensity are seen |
9 | 1529-1532 | A polaroid transmits only one
component (parallel to a special axis) The resulting light is called
linearly polarised or plane polarised When this kind of light is viewed
through a second polaroid whose axis turns through 2p, two maxima
and minima of intensity are seen Rationalised 2023-24
273
Wave Optics
EXERCISES
10 |
9 | 1530-1533 | The resulting light is called
linearly polarised or plane polarised When this kind of light is viewed
through a second polaroid whose axis turns through 2p, two maxima
and minima of intensity are seen Rationalised 2023-24
273
Wave Optics
EXERCISES
10 1
Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a
water surface |
9 | 1531-1534 | When this kind of light is viewed
through a second polaroid whose axis turns through 2p, two maxima
and minima of intensity are seen Rationalised 2023-24
273
Wave Optics
EXERCISES
10 1
Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a
water surface What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of
(a) reflected, and (b) refracted light |
9 | 1532-1535 | Rationalised 2023-24
273
Wave Optics
EXERCISES
10 1
Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a
water surface What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of
(a) reflected, and (b) refracted light Refractive index of water is
1 |
9 | 1533-1536 | 1
Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a
water surface What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of
(a) reflected, and (b) refracted light Refractive index of water is
1 33 |
9 | 1534-1537 | What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of
(a) reflected, and (b) refracted light Refractive index of water is
1 33 10 |
9 | 1535-1538 | Refractive index of water is
1 33 10 2
What is the shape of the wavefront in each of the following cases:
(a) Light diverging from a point source |
9 | 1536-1539 | 33 10 2
What is the shape of the wavefront in each of the following cases:
(a) Light diverging from a point source (b) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed
at its focus |
9 | 1537-1540 | 10 2
What is the shape of the wavefront in each of the following cases:
(a) Light diverging from a point source (b) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed
at its focus (c) The portion of the wavefront of light from a distant star intercepted
by the Earth |
9 | 1538-1541 | 2
What is the shape of the wavefront in each of the following cases:
(a) Light diverging from a point source (b) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed
at its focus (c) The portion of the wavefront of light from a distant star intercepted
by the Earth 10 |
Subsets and Splits