anchor.diff:    You can and should write isolated unit tests for pipes and services. 
   
     你可以，也应该为服务和管道编写孤立的单元测试。
  +  
  ++makeExample('testing/ts/app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts', 'mini-excerpt', 'app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts (excerpt)')
   
   :marked
     Components can be tested in isolation as well.
  
positive.code: 
      - [_DebugElement_](#debug-element-details)  
  
    1. [FAQ](#faq "Frequently asked questions")  
  
    1. [常见问题](#faq "Frequently asked questions")
  :marked
  
negative.code:   1. [Isolated unit tests](#isolated-unit-tests "Unit testing without the Angular testing utilities")
  
    1. [隔离的单元测试](#isolated-unit-tests "Unit testing without the Angular testing utilities")
      
      - [Services](#isolated-service-tests)
      
      - [服务](#isolated-service-tests)
      
      - [Pipes](#isolated-pipe-tests)
      
      - [管道](#isolated-pipe-tests)
      
      - [Components](#isolated-component-tests)
  
      - [组件](#isolated-component-tests)
  
  