anchor.diff:  :marked
     Notable features of this stub:
   
  -  这个类有下列值得注意的特征：
  +  这个stub类有下列值得注意的特征：
   
     * The stub implements only two of the `ActivatedRoute` capabilities: `params` and `snapshot.params`.
   
  -  * 它只实现`ActivatedRoute`的两个功能：`params`和`snapshot.params`。
  +  * 这个stub类只实现`ActivatedRoute`的两个功能：`params`和`snapshot.params`。
   
     * <a href="https://github.com/Reactive-Extensions/RxJS/blob/master/doc/api/subjects/behaviorsubject.md" target="_blank">_BehaviorSubject_</a> 
     drives the stub's `params` _Observable_ and returns the same value to every `params` subscriber until it's given a new value.
   
     * <a href="https://github.com/Reactive-Extensions/RxJS/blob/master/doc/api/subjects/behaviorsubject.md" target="_blank">_BehaviorSubject_</a>
  -  驱使它的`params`可观察对象，并为每个`params`的订阅者返回同样的值，直到它接受到新值。  
  +  驱使这个stub类的`params`可观察对象，并为每个`params`的订阅者返回同样的值，直到它接受到新值。  
   
     * The `HeroDetailComponent` chain its expressions to this stub `params` _Observable_ which is now under the tester's control.
   
  -  * `HeroDetailComponent`链接它的表达式到它的`params`可观察对象，该对象现在被测试者所控制。
  +  * `HeroDetailComponent`链接这个stub类的表达式到它的`params`可观察对象，该对象现在被测试者所控制。
   
     * Setting the `testParams` property causes the `subject` to push the assigned value into `params`.
      That triggers the `HeroDetailComponent` _params_ subscription, described above, in the same way that navigation does.
  
positive.code: 
      - [stubbing unneeded components](#stub-component)
  
      - [伪造不需要的组件](#stub-component)
  
      - [Stubbing the _RouterLink_](#router-link-stub)
  
      - [伪造_RouterLink_](#router-link-stub)
  
      - [_By.directive_ and injected directives](#by-directive)
  
  
negative.code:   Now we setup the testing module with the test stubs for the `Router` and `HeroService` and 
    create a test instance of the `DashbaordComponent` for subsequent testing.
  
    现在我们来利用`Router`和`HeroService`的测试stub类来配置测试模块，并为接下来的测试创建一个`DashbaordComponent`的测试实例。
  +makeExample('testing/ts/app/dashboard/dashboard.component.spec.ts', 'compile-and-create-body', 'app/dashboard/dashboard.component.spec.ts (compile and create)')(format='.')
  :marked
    The following test clicks the displayed hero and confirms (with the help of a spy) that `Router.navigateByUrl` is called with the expected url.
  