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export * from './connectionUrl'; export * from './signalConnector'; | Low | [
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Q: Why does the Linux virtual terminal support only 16 colors, by default? Why does the Linux virtual terminal support only 16 colors, by default? Is there a particular reason for this? A: Unless you're using a framebuffer console, you're at the mercy of the VGA text mode console -- whose color_table[] only has 16 elements. | Mid | [
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Q: how to export a svn repository as zip file in svnkit? I am trying to export whole repository in zip format .I am not able to find anything related to exporting a folder or repository in svnkit. A: I have never tried zipping the whole repository using org.tmatesoft.svnkit. But I have an utility that zips files from a local folder. So if you copy the remote repository locally (into a temp directory), you should be able to zip it using the following class. It needs 2 values, starting folder path and the full, zip file name. import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; public class ZipFolder { private String startingFolderPath; private String outputZipFilePath; private List<String> fileList; /** * Zip files */ public void zipFiles(){ byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; try{ if (fileList == null) { fileList = new ArrayList<String>(); generateFileList(new File(startingFolderPath)); } System.out.println("File Count:" + fileList.size()); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputZipFilePath); ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(fos); System.out.println("Output to Zip : " + outputZipFilePath); for(String file : fileList){ System.out.println("File Included : " + file); ZipEntry ze= new ZipEntry(file); zos.putNextEntry(ze); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(startingFolderPath + File.separator + file); int len; while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { zos.write(buffer, 0, len); } in.close(); } zos.closeEntry(); //remember close it zos.close(); System.out.println("Done"); }catch(IOException ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } } /** * Traverse a directory and get all files, * and add the file into fileList * @param node file or directory */ public void generateFileList(File node) throws IOException { //add file only if(node.isFile()){ fileList.add(generateZipEntry(node.getAbsoluteFile().toString())); } if(node.isDirectory()){ String[] subNote = node.list(); for(String filename : subNote){ generateFileList(new File(node, filename)); } } } /** * Format the file path for zip * @param file file path * @return Formatted file path */ private String generateZipEntry(String file){ return file.substring(startingFolderPath.length()+1, file.length()); } public void setStartingFolderPath(String startingFolderPath) { this.startingFolderPath = startingFolderPath; } public void setOutputZipFilePath(String outputZipFilePath) { this.outputZipFilePath = outputZipFilePath; } } | Mid | [
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"First off, Ann, in the future, it's Mister Adelson. Second, you stupid twit, do you realize I'm spending 40 goddamned million dollars on making sure the 'real' Mitt Romney never sees the light of day? How f*cking stupid is this broad? Jesus Christ." | Low | [
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The An-32 aircraft went missing in Arunachal Pradesh on June 3. (File) The Indian Air Force has announced a cash reward of Rs 5 lakh for information on the An-32 aircraft that went missing in Arunachal Pradesh after taking off from Assam's Jorhat on June 3. The air force is undertaking a massive search operation to trace the plane but there has been no breakthrough yet. Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Eastern Air Command Air Marshal RD Mathur made the announcement for the cash reward today and released phone numbers where people can contact the air force with information -- 0378-3222164, 9436499477, 9402077267 and 9402132477. The Indian Air Force is using all its assets and taking help of the army, Arunachal Pradesh civil authorities and other national agencies to locate the missing aircraft, wing commander Ratnakar Singh, the defence PRO in Shillong, said in a press release. The Russian-made aircraft, with 13 people on board, took off from Jorhat at 12:27 pm on Monday for the Mechuka Advanced Landing Ground. Its last contact with the ground control was at 1 pm. All the three armed forces have deployed their assets to trace the aircraft. An aerial search operation could not be undertaken today to trace the missing transport aircraft due to poor weather conditions, even as ground troops continued combing the mountainous area for the sixth consecutive day. The assets deployed for the operation include Sukhoi-30 aircraft in addition to a fleet of C-130J and An-32 planes and Mi-17 and ALH helicopters. The ground forces include troops from the Army, Indo Tibetan Border Police and state police. "The area of search is mountainous and heavily forested with thick undergrowth. The weather in the area has been inclement with low clouds and rain during most hours," an air force spokesperson said. | Mid | [
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Muscle atrophy in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2A: a morphometric and molecular study. The peculiar clinical features and the pathogenic mechanism related to calpain-3 deficiency (impaired sarcomere remodelling) suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway may have a crucial role in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2A (LGMD2A). We therefore investigated muscle atrophy and the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal-autophagic degradation pathways. We selected 25 adult male LGMD2A patients (and seven controls), classified them using clinical severity score, analysed muscle fibre size by morphometry and protein and/or transcriptional expression levels of the most important atrophy- and autophagy-related genes (MuRF1, atrogin1, LC3, p62, Bnip3). Muscle fibre size was significantly lower in LGMD2A than in controls and it was significantly correlated with patients' clinical disability score recorded at the time of biopsy, suggesting that functional and structural muscle impairment are dependent. The large majority of atrophic fibres originate from a mechanism different from regeneration, as assessed by neonatal myosin immunolabelling. As compared with controls, LGMD2A muscles have higher MuRF1 (but not atrogin1) protein and MuRF1 gene expression levels, and MuRF1 protein levels significantly correlated with both muscle fibre size and clinical disability score. LGMD2A muscles have slightly increased levels of LC3-II and p62 proteins and a significant up-regulation of p62 and Bnip3 gene expression. In LGMD2A muscles the activation of the atrophy programme appeared to depend mainly upon induction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and, to a lesser extent, the autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway. | High | [
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Protein escape at the ribosomal exit tunnel: Effects of native interactions, tunnel length, and macromolecular crowding. How fast a post-translational nascent protein escapes from the ribosomal exit tunnel is relevant to its folding and protection against aggregation. Here, by using Langevin molecular dynamics, we show that non-local native interactions help decrease the escape time, and foldable proteins generally escape much faster than same-length, self-repulsive homopolymers at low temperatures. The escape process, however, is slowed down by the local interactions that stabilize the α-helices. The escape time is found to increase with both the tunnel length and the concentration of macromolecular crowders outside the tunnel. We show that a simple diffusion model described by the Smoluchowski equation with an effective linear potential can be used to map out the escape time distribution for various tunnel lengths and various crowder concentrations. The consistency between the simulation data and the diffusion model, however, is found only for the tunnel length smaller than a crossover length of 90 Å-110 Å, above which the escape time increases much faster with the tunnel length. It is suggested that the length of ribosomal exit tunnel has been selected by evolution to facilitate both the efficient folding and the efficient escape of single-domain proteins. We show that macromolecular crowders lead to an increase in the escape time, and attractive crowders are unfavorable for the folding of nascent polypeptide. | Mid | [
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Trends in toothbrushing in 20 countries/regions from 1994 to 2010. For maintaining good oral health, twice-a-day toothbrushing routine is recommended world-wide. As an association between oral diseases and the main non-communicable diseases is confirmed, the importance of brushing is rising. The aim of this article is to describe trends in more-than-once-a-day toothbrushing frequency in 20 countries/regions participating in five consecutive HBSC Surveys between 1994 and 2010. Eleven-, 13-, and 15-year-old children, who replied to the questionnaire in any of the five surveys, were included (N = 474 760). Trends were analysed by logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression modelling. Prevalence of recommended toothbrushing behaviour increased in all countries except in Scandinavia, which had already attained a very high level in 1994. The highest increase (more than + 16%) was observed in Estonia, Russia, Latvia, Finland and in Flemish Belgium. Girls had higher prevalence of toothbrushing than boys (OR = 2.06, 99% CI 2.03-2.10). However, the increasing trend was stronger among boys (OR(2010 vs. 1994) for boys 1.60; for girls 1.48), and among the younger adolescents (OR(2010 vs. 1994) for 11-year-olds 1.64; for 15-year-olds 1.45). Recommended toothbrushing frequency increased in most of the studied countries/regions and differences between the countries diminished during 2004-2010. | High | [
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Work/Life Balance: It Is Just Plain Hard. Graduating surgeons are constantly told to be "available, affable, and able." Frequently, the need to put patients first can result in an imbalance between work and life. Ultimately, the consequence of work/life imbalance is burnout, which can manifest itself in atypical behavior toward patients, colleagues, and family. It is imperative that all surgeons learn to take care of themselves and develop a better integration of work and life. | Mid | [
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Let the Professionals Build Your Social Media Networks Tag Archives: sham There are dozens—perhaps even hundreds—of tired, clichéd, and hackneyed “inspirational” business, leadership, and management quotes that should be retired and probably eliminated from our collective consciousness. I recently offered a list of such quotes on my blog. In my haste to publish that piece, I failed to included a quote (really more of a business/performance maxim) that I also can’t stand, which is the “under-promise and over-deliver” chestnut that passes for good advice when dealing with commitments of any kind—be they to customers, your boss, or your friends. It’s appalling that this idea—that purposefully misleading your customer or boss about what you can accomplish in order to fabricate unearned glory by surpassing your own inaccurate estimates of cost/effort/time to deliver—passes for good advice. Wouldn’t it be better (and more honest) if we just accurately promised and then delivered performance in line with that promise? If I as a boss or a customer knew in advance that the project would likely be completed a week before the “promise” date, don’t you think that might affect other plans or aspects of my business? Your desire to “over-deliver” doesn’t let that happen, and I have to assume that your “under-promise” was actually an accurate projection. Later you get to bask in the glory of your over-delivery while I try to figure out how to make room in the warehouse for the 10,000 widgets you just shipped me a week early. Hooray for you. So I can’t stand “under-promise and over-deliver.“ Now, thanks to some recent research published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, (summarized here) I just might have some proof to back up my disdain for the concept. It turns out that the glory and good will that you expect to accrue for yourself by over-delivering might not actually be happening at all. The research conducted by University of California at San Diego behavioral scientist Ayelet Gneezy and University of Chicago business professor Nicholas Epley examined subjects’ responses to three types of promises: kept ones, broken ones, and then ones that were kept or met beyond expectations (the “over- delivery“ scenario). The research found that while everyone gets upset when a promise is broken, it turns out that over-delivering on something won’t make anyone significantly more impressed by your ability. Moreover, there was almost no change in people’s overall levels of satisfaction when they were given more than what they were initially promised and expecting. Epley observed, “Going above and beyond a promise didn’t seem to be valued at all,” and that research subjects consistently valued promise-keeping and promise-exceeding essentially equally, and did not confer additional status upon nor evoke fundamentally better opinions of people who exceeded promises, compared with people who simply kept promises. The fascinating finding was that failing to keep a promise can cause so much damage—damage that is not offset by exceeding some other promise—that business people should invest time and resources into meeting expectations and not worry about exceeding them. So “under-promise and over-deliver“ is a sham, and now I have research backing me up on this. Here is what to concentrate on instead: Get better at estimating costs and project timelines, use data and experience to guide your commitment, be more honest, and don’t be a such a goldbrick. If you do “over-deliver,” factor that into your next round of promise making. Mom only gets ticked if the flowers don’t get there by Mother’s Day; she couldn’t give a hoot if they arrive two days early. | Low | [
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Jun 15, 2015 If confirmed, the death of Mokhtar Belmokhtar, the Algerian al-Qaeda leader, in Libya will have removed one of the last of the formative generation of the global jihad who got their combat experience fighting the Soviets and communists in Afghanistan a quarter century ago. The idea they created — global jihad — has outlived Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam and others; in fact, it has never been stronger. Belmokhtar was born June 1, 1972, in Algeria. At 19, he went to Afghanistan to fight the pro-Soviet communist government in Kabul. He lost an eye preparing a bomb in the war, a red badge of honor. He was one of the "Afghan Algerians," as they were known, who came home from fighting with the mujahedeen believing that jihad is the only answer to the problems of the Islamic world. He became an enthusiastic supporter of bin Laden, even naming his son after the Saudi. Belmokhtar gained a reputation for brutality and violence in the Algerian civil war in the 1990s. He fought with the Armed Islamic Group, then the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, and finally al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) when it was created in 2005. It was the path of extremism and sadistic violence. His specialty was operating in Algeria's huge southern desert and the states surrounding it. There he merged jihad with crime. He used traditional smuggling routes to make a small fortune in contraband, earning the nickname Mr. Marlboro. He also specialized in kidnapping for ransom, earning millions. In 2008, his group took a Canadian diplomat working for the United Nations, Robert Fowler, captive and held him for 130 days until he was ransomed. Fowler met Belmokhtar and his account of his imprisonment is a unique look inside al-Qaeda in action. Belmokhtar emerges as a charismatic fanatic who employs violence to generate loyalty but is also a canny operator. In 2011, he tried to assassinate the Israeli ambassador in Mauritania with an attack on the embassy. On Jan. 16, 2013, he achieved his greatest success with an attack on the In Amenas gas facility in southern Algeria. At least 39 workers were killed, many foreigners. Belmokhtar said he "did it for al-Qaeda" and to punish France and the Algerian regime for supporting the Crusaders against Islam. | Mid | [
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#ifndef _OSD_H_
#define _OSD_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "shared.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "unzip.h"
#include "fileio.h"
extern void osd_input_update(void);
#define GG_ROM "./ggenie.bin"
#define AR_ROM "./areplay.bin"
#define SK_ROM "./sk.bin"
#define SK_UPMEM "./sk2chip.bin"
#define CD_BIOS_US "./bios_CD_U.bin"
#define CD_BIOS_EU "./bios_CD_E.bin"
#define CD_BIOS_JP "./bios_CD_J.bin"
#define MD_BIOS "./bios_MD.bin"
#define MS_BIOS_US "./bios_U.sms"
#define MS_BIOS_EU "./bios_E.sms"
#define MS_BIOS_JP "./bios_J.sms"
#define GG_BIOS "./bios.gg"
#endif /* _OSD_H_ */
| Low | [
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Jordan Rodgers on New Gig, Why He and JoJo Fletcher Haven't Set a Wedding Date The 'Bachelorette' winner, who is engaged to ABC star Fletcher, is moving to 'SEC Saturday Night' at the SEC Network. Jordan Rodgers is moving to Saturdays at the SEC Network. The Bachelorette winner and sportscaster, who has been providing college football commentary for SEC Now, is moving to a regular game-analyst position to call SEC Saturday Night, the franchise that features the network’s marquee college football game each Saturday. “This past year has been a blast,” says Rodgers, who will continue to appear on SEC Now and other ESPN programming. “Overall, there is very little in my life I enjoy more than college football. Now as a game analyst, I look forward to traveling throughout the SEC, being around the best college football atmosphere each week and providing fans my own perspective of the game.” Cole Cubelic and Tom Hart round out the new commenting team, replacing Jesse Palmer, Brent Musburger and Kaylee Hartung. Palmer, who also did a stint on the ABC franchise as The Bachelor in 2004, remains with ESPN and his role for this college football season will be announced at a later date. “Jordan, Tom and Cole will be a great complement to each other,” adds SEC Network coordinating producer Steve Ackels. “Tom’s extensive knowledge of the overall production allows him to be our leader in the booth, dictating the action while setting up Jordan and Cole to inform, educate and entertain the viewers. With Jordan and Cole’s knowledge of the league as players combined with their preparation as analysts, SEC Saturday Night will be a great telecast once again this season.” Rodgers began his gig at the network nearly one year ago, fresh off his win on the 2016 season of The Bachelorette. He and fiancée JoJo Fletcher remain one of a handful of success stories to come out of the veteran ABC reality series, which is currently airing its historic cycle with Rachel Lindsay, the first black Bachelorette in the franchise's 15-year run. The Hollywood Reporter spoke to Rodgers about his new gig, why he and Fletcher have yet to set a wedding date and why his TV résumé is unlikely to include a Chris Harrison-officiated wedding. When did you find out you'd be moving to SECSaturday Night? It's been in the early stages and talks for the last couple of months. Then it was getting this crew set together and figuring out who I was going to be working with and what game schedule we would have. I'm excited because I love the game atmosphere. I love game days and stadiums and getting to feel the pulse of the game. Getting out of the studio and back into the games is something I'll be looking forward to on Saturdays. Being a former athlete and competitor, I like the aspect of prepping for the unknown. You have a game that you study for, and then you show up and don't really know what's going to happen. I enjoy that aspect because even though we're not sweating, we're in suits, it's prepping for a game and a little bit of an adrenaline rush. Almost a year ago, you won TheBachelorette, got engaged, landed this role and are now moving to Saturdays. How do you view this last year? It didn't come out of nowhere. The broadcasting aspect was something I was working very hard at since I had finished up playing in 2014. I did radio for a year and did some TV things and I was already in place at ESPN before The Bachelorette started. So that was a long time in the works, and then everything got amplified and accelerated. Everything that comes along with The Bachelorette as far as the media was a crazy experience. Crazy fans and trolls and the things that come with the reality side of TV. But the past year has been the best blessing I could imagine with finding my fiancée and starting a life together in Dallas. And getting to expand and grow in what I'm passionate about when it comes to my job. Does it surprise you that there is a crossover audience with The Bachelorette and SEC? There's a ton of crossover! Way more than I ever thought. You'd be surprised how many fans I think are from TheBachelorette will come up and say something about football. That's kind of one of the reasons my brother Luke and I started our podcast, Sports Related. We talk about football and current sports topics that are trending, but then we also have reality TV comedians, musicians and a lot of crazy guests. We talk about Twitter, movies, TV and what's going on with pop culture as well. It's crazy how much there is a crossover. You moved from California to Dallas after The Bachelorette, which is where Fletcher is from. Do you feel settled and are you liking Dallas? I love Dallas. We were leasing a place and we just moved to a different place in a great neighborhood close to JoJo's family. We're getting settled and moving everything in — there's clothes everywhere and we're getting our closets together right now. But we love our little neighborhood that we're in. This new job requires you to travel for your Saturday games. Will Fletcher be joining you on the road? She's very busy as well. She's flipping a house right now. And she'll probably be flipping another house right after that. She's very busy in what she does, but we travel every chance we can together, so I'm sure we'll map out a few opportunities to do that. At what point in this last year did the spotlight from The Bachelorette start to dim? Are you getting back to normal? Yes, I think so. Even six months after, it was still crazy. We would have people showing up at our house all day and night. Depending the city you are in, the cameras will follow you whether you are grocery shopping or whatnot. You always feel like you have to be "on." We're very relaxed and we love enjoying our downtime together and being in sweats, and you feel like you're always on guard, to some degree. It's definitely slowed down and is much more normal now. We still love seeing our fans and fans that want pictures, but it feels back to somewhat normal. You are one of a handful of couples who are still engaged, but you haven't yet set a wedding date. Why are you guys taking your time? I think you realize what the experience was. You appreciate it so much for meeting each other and the commitment to each other is absolutely still there and that's something we are going to do. We're also figuring out our life. We're learning more about each other every single day, what our life is going to look like and where it's going to be. Both of our careers and what we're passionate about. So we're enjoying this time of being engaged, continuing to date and court each other, and getting to know each other even more. And then when the time is right, we're absolutely going to sit down and start planning that. But we're definitely taking our time. We want everything to be right and make sure we're in the right place. We still don't know if it's going to be Dallas forever, but it's a great place and there's a lot of moving parts as we figure things out together. Does ABC check in with you about if you're leaning towards a TV wedding? I haven't heard from them, so I don't think so. I have no idea how that process works. Have you had those conversations about televising it for the fans? It's something everyone always asks us. That's something we would have to discuss together but very honestly, my first reaction would be that I would probably rather not. There's a distinct intimacy and privacy and it's a very special moment with family and friends, and I wouldn't want anything to tarnish that or to take away from that. It's a time that I want to be able to honor my fiancée and soon-to-be wife and her family, and I want it to be ours. I want us to run the show and make sure it's always what we imagined. If there's a way to do that and include fans, great. But that wouldn't be my first wish. You two have taken a step back from the franchise. Is creating some distance a key to making it work? I don't think it really changed anything for us. We both do the same things we did before the show. She was flipping houses and doing real estate and that's something she does every day now. She's picking out tile and doing all these things with the contractors and plumbers. I have my company back in California, my ESPN work. We just got back to what life is. We're happy to be doing it together and we had this short period of time where we met each other in this crazy and unbelievable way. We're just doing what we would have been doing if we met at a restaurant or through friends. What did you think of the Bachelor in Paradise controversy and have you spoken to anyone involved? I have literally not watched anything since I finished, so I wasn't following it that closely. I don't know any of the details, but I'm glad that it seems to be back on schedule. I have some friends that are there, so I'm glad they are able to continue on that journey because everyone made a commitment and then it was kind of put on hold and wasn't sure what was going to happen. I'm glad it's back on track, but I haven't really read enough to comment. What is your ultimate goal with sportscasting — where do you see yourself in a few years? I want to continue to be passionate about what I do. I love what I do now and I want to continue to grow my role. I think at some point, even getting closer and closer to the game-day experience, SEC Nation has an unbelievable show that they do every week from the games where they broadcast on campus. That's something I'd love to see myself doing down the road at some point as well, and I think this is a step in the right direction. I'm looking forward to continuing to grow in this role and on this journey of what I'm doing with ESPN and this network. I'm excited. | Low | [
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INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Chemokines are a family of small cytokines that regulate leukocyte migration by inducing chemotaxis of specific cells. Chemokines are produced in almost all eukaryotic cells that constitute blood and other tissues. For example, chemokines of the CC subfamily are secreted by epithelial cells and fibroblasts during inflammatory reactions[@r1]^)^. Eotaxin-1 (CCL11), a member of the CC chemokine family secreted by epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and eosinophils, has been reported to play an important role in eosinophil infiltration during allergic inflammation[@r1]^)^. Accordingly, majority of previous studies on the function and role of CCL11 focused mainly on inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma[@r1], [@r2]^)^. However, recently, studies have provided evidence regarding the neurobiological relevance of CCL11[@r3]^)^. For example, in the study of Villeda et al., a decrease in long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission, a neurophysiological index related to learning ability, has been observed in the brains of mice injected with CCL11[@r4]^)^. In addition, that study revealed that CCL11 is a blood-borne factor inhibiting neurogenesis[@r4]^)^. On the other hand, it has been reported that regular exercise not only reduces high oxidative stress level caused by obesity, but also induces neurogenesis by increasing expression of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)[@r5], [@r6]^)^. Dramatic changes in oxidative stress levels could play an important role in neurotrophic factor expression as well as in CCL11 release[@r7], [@r8]^)^. In addition, Loughrey et al. revealed increased circulating CCL11 levels in patients with a metabolic syndrome that included obesity as a clinical manifestation[@r9]^)^. Choi et al. reported that although CCL11 levels were significantly higher in patients with central obesity, regular exercise training could reduce their plasma CCL11 levels[@r10]^)^. However, there has been very limited research into dynamics of neurogenesis in obese human subjects and the relationship between CCL11 levels and regular exercise has not been properly studied. Therefore, for the present study, obese young men were recruited with the objective of defining the effect of regular aerobic exercise intervention on the content of malonaldehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker, and on the resulting changes in peripheral BDNF and CCL11 levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS {#s2} ==================== Sixteen obese young men between 20--26 years of age volunteered as subjects for the present study. All subjects had to meet the following criteria before enrollment in the study: 1) BMI above 25 kg/m^2^ and waist circumference above 90 cm, 2) no participation in regular physical activity programs, and 3) no history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or respiratory diseases. Subjects were randomly assigned into a control (CON) group or an exercise (EX) group, with 8 subjects in each group. The characteristics of the subjects are shown in [Table 1](#tbl_001){ref-type="table"}Table 1.Characteristics of the subjectsVariablesCON (n = 8)EX (n = 8)Age (years)22.3±2.122.9±2.5Height (cm)173.6±6.3172.8±4.4Weight (kg)83.8±10.385.6±8.3Fat mass (kg)24.3±4.524.6±5.2BMI (kg/m^2^)27.7±2.228.7±2.5Body fat (%)28.8±2.328.7±4.4Waist circumference (cm)99.8±4.8100.0±5.8Resting SBP (mmHg)126.0±7.3126.9±9.4Resting DBP (mmHg)81.4±5.383.8±5.9VO~2~max (mL/kg/min)43.9±7.242.4±5.9Data are presented as mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. The study conformed to the standards set by the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects read and signed a written informed consent statement consistent with the guidelines set by the Department of Physical Education at Yonsei University. Anthropometric measurements included measurements of height, body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO~2~max). Height and body composition were measured using a stadiometer (SECA213; SECA, Hamburg, Germany) and a bioimpedance analysis (BIA) device (Inbody720; Biospace, Seoul, Korea), respectively. BP was measured in a seated position using standard auscultation procedures and a mercury sphygmomanometer (Trimline; PyMaH, Somerville, NJ, USA). Each subject was wearing a gas analyzer (MetaMax 3B; Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) that evaluated respiratory parameters using the breath-by-breath method and VO~2~max was measured on a treadmill (Q65; Quinton, Seattle, WA, USA) according to the Bruce protocol. All subjects in the EX group had undergone the supervised treadmill running exercise \[70% of the heart rate reserve (HRR), 40 min each\] sessions 3 times a week for 8 weeks, while those in the CON group just maintained their usual lifestyles. Ten milliliters of blood was collected from the antecubital vein of each subject before and after the intervention using a 22-gauge needle, a serum separator tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and an ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Collected blood samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 1,000 × g and then stored at −80 °C until further analysis. Serum glucose was determined by the hexokinase method using a commercially available glucose/hexokinase assay kit (Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI, USA). The analyses of plasma MDA, serum BDNF, and plasma CCL11 levels were carried out using an OxiSelect^TM^ MDA Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit (Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA, USA), a human BDNF ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and a human CCL11/Eotaxin Immunoassay Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), respectively. A microplate reader (EMax; Molecular device, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was used to measure absorbance at 450 nm. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 21.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (SD), unless otherwise stated. Independent Student's t-tests were conducted to compare baseline levels of all variables between the CON and EX groups. To reveal differences between normally distributed data, the two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed. When significant time by group interactions occurred, simple main effects were assessed using independent and paired Student's *t*-tests. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS {#s3} ======= The comparison of anthropometric and biochemical characteristics for the two groups before and after intervention is shown in [Table 2](#tbl_002){ref-type="table"}Table 2.Comparison of anthropometric and biochemical characteristics before and after interventionVariablesCON (n = 8)EX (n = 8)BeforeAfterBeforeAfterWeight (kg)83.8±10.383.5±10.085.6±8.379.5±7.3^\*^BMI (kg/m^2^)27.7±2.227.6±2.128.7±2.526.6±1.9^\*^Fat mass (kg)24.3±4.524.0±4.724.6±5.219.1±4.5^\*^Body fat (%)28.8±2.328.7±2.028.7±4.425.1±4.4^\*^Waist circumference (cm)99.8±4.899.0±4.4100.0±5.891.6±4.3^\*^VO~2~max (ml/kg/min)43.9±7.243.4±5.442.4±5.949.1±4.3^∫^Glucose (mg/dl)94.6±2.694.5±3.294.4±4.291.7±4.3^\*^MDA (mmol/ml)5.7±0.55.7±0.65.7±0.45.1±0.8^\*^BDNF (ng/ml)24.8±4.925.1±4.924.8±4.129.9±5.3^∫^CCL11 (pg/ml)71.7±12.572.7±10.972.8±14.268.5±11.9^\*^Data are presented as the mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index. Symbols \* and ^∫^ indicate significantly lower or significantly higher values, respectively, in the same subjects compared to the values obtained before the start of the intervention period (p \< 0.05). Following intervention, repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of treatment for weight (F = 29.546, p \< 0.001), BMI (F = 26.859, p \< 0.001), fat mass (F = 31.632, p \< 0.001), body fat (F = 19.947, p = 0.001), waist circumference (F = 29.126, p \< 0.001), VO~2~max (F = 18.613, p = 0.001), serum glucose levels (F = 12.754, p = 0.003), plasma MDA levels (F = 5.218, p = 0.038), serum BDNF levels (F = 12.834, p = 0.003), and plasma CCL11 levels (F = 9.178, p = 0.009). Following the intervention, BMI, fat mass, body fat, waist circumference, serum glucose levels, plasma MDA levels, and plasma CCL11 levels were significantly lower, while VO~2~max and serum BDNF levels were significantly higher when compared to values prior to the intervention in the EX group (p \< 0.05). DISCUSSION {#s4} ========== Obesity not only increases the rate of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease[@r11], [@r12]^)^, but it has also been recently reported to be closely associated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders[@r13], [@r14]^)^. One of plausible causes of neurodegeneration is obesity-induced increase in the level of high oxidative stress in the body[@r15]^)^. In our study, to examine the effect of regular aerobic exercise on oxidative stress level and neurogenesis in obese subjects, the peripheral levels of MDA, BDNF, and CCL11 were measured. It was found that plasma MDA and CCL11 levels were decreased, whereas serum BDNF levels were significantly increased after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. This result corroborates observations in previous studies that showed significantly lower plasma MDA and CCL11 levels and, at the same time, significantly higher serum BDNF levels after regular exercise training in patients with a metabolic syndrome that included obesity as a clinical feature. Tunkamnerdthai et al. reported that 8 weeks of low-intensity exercise significantly decreased plasma MDA levels in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes[@r5]^)^, while Choi et al. found that 12 weeks of exercise training significantly reduced plasma CCL11 levels in patients with obesity[@r10]^)^. In addition, Lee et al. observed significantly increased serum BDNF levels in obese patients after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise[@r6]^)^. In the present study, changes in the indexes related to obesity and levels of serum glucose and plasma MDA suggested that the significantly lower plasma CCL11 levels and significantly higher serum BDNF content were due to regular aerobic exercise. By inducing the improvement of body composition and reducing fasting glucose level, regular exercise alleviated oxidative stress in the body. This interpretation is supported by previous studies, which had reported that obesity elevates oxidative stress levels and induces CCL11 release following the increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production[@r8], [@r15]^)^. Increased oxidative stress could, in turn, induce down-regulation of neurotrophic factors[@r7]^)^. In addition, it was reported that high blood glucose concentration induces ROS production via various biochemical signaling cascades, such as glucose autoxidation, increase in advanced glycation end-products synthesis, and activation of the polyol pathway, thereby leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues[@r16]^)^. On the other hand, it has been reported that in addition to improving obesity symptoms, regular exercise could reduce fasting glucose concentration and levels of MDA, an indirect oxidative stress marker[@r17], [@r18]^)^. In conclusion, it is suggested that regular exercise can induce neurogenesis in obese individuals by increasing BDNF levels, while concomitantly reducing CCL11 levels. Alleviation of oxidative stress could be a principal mediator of these physiological and biochemical changes. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2013S1A5B5A07049580). | Mid | [
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WASHINGTON — The Justice Department has come under increasing pressure in its investigation of the former deputy F.B.I. director Andrew G. McCabe, as a federal judge threatened to release internal department records unless prosecutors decide whether to move forward with or abandon the politically charged case. Judge Reggie B. Walton of Federal District Court for the District of Columbia, who is presiding over a lawsuit over F.B.I. documents related to Mr. McCabe’s firing last year, said at a hearing on Monday that he would soon begin releasing them. The Justice Department has argued that the materials should stay confidential while prosecutors investigate Mr. McCabe over whether he lied to internal investigators about dealings with the news media. “You all have got to cut and make your decision,” Mr. Walton said, according to a transcript. “It’s not a hard decision, and I think it needs to be made. If it’s not made, I’m going to start ordering the release of information because I think our society, our public, does have a right to know what’s going on.” Mr. McCabe, long a target of President Trump’s, was the subject of a scathing report by the Justice Department inspector general’s office that faulted him for violating media policy and repeatedly misleading its investigators. They were asking about an October 2016 Wall Street Journal article about an investigation into the Clinton Foundation. Mr. McCabe, working through the F.B.I. press office, had authorized a spokesman and a bureau lawyer to speak to a reporter to rebut allegations that he had slowed the inquiry. | Mid | [
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Role of glucocorticosteroid hormones on the levels of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia) and arginase activity during ontogenesis. In rats, hepatic carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia) and arginase activities are closely related during development. Activities increase sharply during the last 4 prenatal and first 4 postnatal days and during the 3rd postnatal week. Decreases are observed between 4 and 9 days after birth, and after weaning, during adolescence. During senescence activities increase again. Before birth, treatment and prednisolone is far less effective in increasing enzyme activities than during the first 2 postnatal weeks, when it seems to precipitate normal development of the 3rd postnatal week. In the 4th postnatal week the sensitivity to prednisolone treatment increases approximately 25-fold. During the 2nd postnatal week, dexamethasone proves to be more potent, on a molar base, than triamcinolone which is more potent than prednisolone and hydrocortisone. Increases in enzyme activities which are associated with increases in blood levels of glucocorticosteroids are also associated with 2- to 3-fold decreases in DNA content, i.e. with decreases in hepatocyte multiplication rate and increases in hepatocyte cell size. These phenomena may be sequelae of quantal cell cycles leading to changes in hormone response capacity or hormone response sensitivity. | High | [
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The most popular styles we sell on Walktall include Skytop and Vaider. The Skytop and Vaider are both stylishly designed with a high top upper on a vulcanized sole that supplies excellent traction and board feel. For a limited time only three lucky customers have the chance to win a brand new pair of Supra of your choice. All you need to do is answer the question below to be in with a chance of winning this exclusive prize. Terms apply* Submit your entry... *Terms and Conditions- Answer the question above to be entered into a prize draw to win a pair of Supra footwear of your choice from Walktall.co.uk. - Three prizes available. - 3 customers will be selected at random from the winning entries. - Prize is subject to stock availability, in-stock items only. - Supra shoes are available in sizes 12-14. - Entries can be made until Sunday 18th December 2016. - All entries must be submitted via the online form at Walktall.co.uk (https://www.walktall.co.uk/supra-competition-december-2016). - Competition closes at 11.59pm on Sunday 18th December 2016. - The winners will be notified by email. - The judge's decision is final. - The winners’ names will be published on the Walktall social media pages and also the Walktall.co.uk website. - All competition entries will be added to our email mailing list. - Prize cannot be exchanged for a cash alternative. - Only one entry per customer. - Prize can only be sent to a UK address. - We reserve the right to withdraw this offer at any time. | Mid | [
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Do you remember that sinking feeling from college when finals were approaching? The semester has flown by with care-free abandon, and then it hits you: final exams are right around the corner. What’s worse, your final exam grade accounts for close to 50 percent of your total grade. Everything is on the line, and now the date is only a few weeks away. Anyone watching Congress is starting to get that same sinking feeling in the pit of his stomach. So far this fall, there’s been a lot of talk, but all the action has been kicked down the road to December. And what transpires will make up way more than 50 percent of their grade. Unlike your college days, however, Congress hasn’t been procrastinating for just a semester. They’ve been procrastinating for decades. ADVERTISEMENT Some of things that Congress has left on its plate for this year include: tax reform, debt ceiling increase, 2018 spending bills, and several reauthorizations, including the Child Health Insurance Program. Talk about a hefty to-do list! The first big item should be dealing with spending. Congress has a spending problem. Nearly two decades of deficit spending has led to $20 trillion in national debt. The GOP is supposed to be the party of fiscal discipline, and they currently enjoy majorities in both chambers of Congress, as well as control of the White House. The opportunity to rein in out-of-control spending is realistic but fleeting. Lawmakers also need to deal head-on with defense spending. This is a national priority because the global threat level to the United States is particularly high, and the current state of our military readiness is particularly low. President Trump’s promise to rebuild the American military and restore its level of readiness is one of the most important. He has proposed a budget that increases national defense spending and makes necessary cuts elsewhere. Congress should follow his lead. When they took over the House in 2011, Republicans forced the enactment of the Budget Control Act, which capped discretionary spending. Each time they’ve bumped up against those caps, Republicans and Democrats have compromised and increased both defense spending and domestic spending in equal increments. This is the worst kind of procrastination, because it involves a failure to act to fix the problem and an action that actually makes the problem worse. In December, Congress will have a chance to finally course correct, restore fiscal discipline, and rebuild the military. On Dec. 8, the president’s short-term spending deal will expire, and Congress must send a new appropriations bill to the White House. Despite their procrastination, it’s never too late to get it right, and they’re not yet mathematically eliminated from getting an A+. President Trump and congressional leaders have also promised to deliver on tax reform before Christmas, and as always, Christmas can’t come soon enough. They recently cleared a major hurdle by passing the budget resolution, and are riding strong momentum. The package they are considering will cut taxes for the middle class and set up a much more competitive tax structure for American businesses. The GOP tax plan is good for all of us. But they have only 28 legislative days until their “final exam.” To nail it, congressional leaders will have to be nimble, responsive and transparent. As was the case with ObamaCare repeal, a failure to be responsive to conservative members and transparent with the American public led to endless delays. To get tax reform right, Republicans need to stick to the hard-fought consensus represented by their “United Framework,” and be deliberative and thoughtful throughout the process. Many college kids justify their procrastination with that famous adage, “I work better under pressure.” Let’s hope that adage is true for Congress. In December, they’re facing a massive fiscal cliff that includes appropriations and the debt ceiling coupled with a fleeting opportunity to restore fiscal discipline. To make this year’s final exams even more pressure-packed, Congress is engaged in an insanely important tax reform debate that’s been delayed for more than 30 years. They’ll have their grades back by Christmas. Thomas Binion is the director of Congressional and Executive Branch Relations at The Heritage Foundation. | Mid | [
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As a debate rages over Sen. Elizabeth Warren‘s big announcement on her Native American heritage, one MSNBC host couldn’t help but poke fun at the findings of her DNA test. Boston Globe national political reporter Annie Linskey appeared on MSNBC for an interview with anchor Craig Melvin to discuss their report on Warren. Warren released a report on her heritage to the Globe on Sunday, and rolled out a full promotion of the revelations on Monday. The report found a Native American ancestor “somewhere between ten and six generations back in her family,” Linskey said. “Did she gain anything by putting out the DNA test results?” Melvin asked Linskey. “Best I can gather, according to your paper’s reporting, she’s 1/1,000th, something like that.” “I might be just as Native American as she is,” Melvin joked. Linskey noted that Warren had to go far back to find the ancestor, but that the DNA test does provide “the first actual documentary proof of this thing that she’s been saying, which is that she had stories of Native American lore in her family.” Watch above, via MSNBC. Have a tip we should know? [email protected] | Low | [
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Q: Regular Expressions - Name Patterns I'm a beginner when it comes to coding and I'm figuring out right now how to use Regular Expressions. What I'm doing is extracting data from incoming mails in Outlook 2013. I'm using VBA + RegEx to extract the data I need and consolidate/transfer them to an Excel Worksheet, but my problem is with names. I can figure out what pattern is needed since there's a lot of possible name structures. Here's a sample email ID: 123456 Name: Dela Peña, Juan Carlos Department: Accounts Shift: 10:00 - 18:00 Here's the what I have in my VBA: .pattern = "(Name[:]+\s*(\w*-\w*)?(\s\w*)?(\s\w*[.]?)?(\s\w*[.]?)?[,]?(\s\w*[.]?)?(\s\w*[.]?)?(\s\w*[.]?))" And here is a list of possible name pattern/combinations that might show up on the incoming mails: Lastname, (Ma.) Givenname (Jr.) Lastname, (Ma.) Givenname Givenname Lastname, (Ma.) Givenname Givenname Givenname lastname-Lastname, (Ma.) Givenname Givenname Givenname Lastname. Lastname (Jr.), (Ma.) Givenname Givenname (Jr.) Lastñame, (Ma.) Givenname Givenname Givenname - *This is where it gets tricky and I cant seem to find a way to insert it in my RegEx. A: Don't try to include all specific patterns. We can't think about them all. Why don't you use this? (?i)Name:(?:.|[\n\r\t\s])*?(?=[\n\r\t\s]*(?:Department|ID|Shift|Name)[\n\r\t\s]*:|$) | Mid | [
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Navistar Completes Mahindra Venture Posted on December 12, 2005 Navistar International Corp. has finalized its joint venture with India’s Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. to make trucks and buses for Indian and export markets. Navistar will own 49% in the joint venture, named Mahindra International, with Mahindra holding a 51% share. The joint venture will produce commercial trucks and buses starting in 2007 in an updated Mahindra facility. The factory will include cab assembly, vehicle assembly and a paint shop. The vehicles will have 90% locall content. The combined investment of the two companies in the venture, first announced in June, will be more than $80 million over the next two to three years, Navistar said. The venture will use Mahindra & Mahindra's distribution network to launch a range of medium and heavy commercial vehicles based on the Navistar unit's existing product platforms, Navistar said. The venture also is expected to export vehicles through its own distribution channel, as well as Navistar's and Mahindra & Mahindra's overseas networks. | Mid | [
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Q: Why is this page "loading 3 times?" (Is it a misconfiguration?) Ubuntu 10.10 Apache 2.2.17 PHP 5.3.4 APC 3.1.6 Memcache 3.0.5 Code: <?php $cache = new Memcache(); $cache->connect('localhost', 11211); $num = 1; if (($a = $cache->get('key')) !== false) $num = $a; $num += 1; $cache->set('key', $num); echo $num; Output (on three successive refreshes, just after Apache reboot): 2 then 5 then 8 Question: Why? I'm expecting 2, 3, 4. The first page seems to check out, but subsequent page loads always increment a factor of three larger than the number I'm actually adding. In other words, if I write $num += 10; Then the numbers come out 11, 41, 71. What am I doing wrong? Did I mis-configure APC or Memcache? I'm fairly certain APC is the problem, but if I knew for sure what the problem was then I wouldn't be asking! Update: The apache access_log shows 3 distinct requests for each page load when this happens. A: what method are you using to make the request? I have observed that some of the firefox plugins (like firebug) sometimes cause the page to be loaded multiple times for some reason. It might be worth trying using some other browser, or simply wget or curl to make the request and see if it still produces the same results. | Mid | [
0.5790645879732741,
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Trouble logging in?If you can't remember your password or are having trouble logging in, you will have to reset your password. If you have trouble resetting your password (for example, if you lost access to the original email address), please do not start posting with a new account, as this is against the forum rules. If you create a temporary account, please contact us right away via Forum Support, and send us any information you can about your original account, such as the account name and any email address that may have been associated with it. Gauds, I saw the first episode and deleted it before it hit the 7 minute mark. Plenty of enchii, very little story, and...well, it just was lame and stupid. IF the whole focus is on enchii keeping this thing alive, then there's no point watching it. Cause to me that's what it seemed like, as though they were padding a bad story with enchii in hopes that people would keep watching. M.O.E. likes to use large amounts of pedophile attention grabbing, underaged character designs in fanservice scenes then justify it by saying the characters are overage... I think I just summed up my primary reason for not watching M.O.E. series. Honestly, you don't design a character to look thirteen or fourteen than pass if off by stating that they're actually twenty-five. Last edited by Mr_Paper; 2004-03-19 at 02:37. Reason: Does it show? That I don't like M.O.E.? M.O.E. likes to use large amounts of pedophile attention grabbing, underaged character designs in fanservice scenes then justify it by saying the characters are overage... I think I just summed up my primary reason for not watching M.O.E. series. Honestly, you don't design a character to look thirteen or fourteen than pass if off by stating that they're actually twenty-five. Still better than American TV series about teenagers played by actors/actresses who are at least 35 years old. | Low | [
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/* Copyright (C) GridGain Systems. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. */ /* _________ _____ __________________ _____ * __ ____/___________(_)______ /__ ____/______ ____(_)_______ * _ / __ __ ___/__ / _ __ / _ / __ _ __ `/__ / __ __ \ * / /_/ / _ / _ / / /_/ / / /_/ / / /_/ / _ / _ / / / * \____/ /_/ /_/ \_,__/ \____/ \__,_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ */ package org.gridgain.grid.kernal.processors.cache.datastructures; import org.gridgain.grid.*; import org.gridgain.grid.cache.*; import org.gridgain.grid.cache.datastructures.*; import org.gridgain.grid.kernal.processors.cache.*; import org.gridgain.grid.lang.*; import org.gridgain.grid.logger.GridLogger; import org.gridgain.grid.util.typedef.*; import org.gridgain.grid.util.typedef.internal.*; import org.jetbrains.annotations.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.concurrent.*; import static org.gridgain.grid.cache.GridCacheTxConcurrency.*; import static org.gridgain.grid.cache.GridCacheTxIsolation.*; /** * Cache atomic long implementation. */ public final class GridCacheAtomicLongImpl implements GridCacheAtomicLongEx, Externalizable { /** */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L; /** Deserialization stash. */ private static final ThreadLocal<GridBiTuple<GridCacheContext, String>> stash = new ThreadLocal<GridBiTuple<GridCacheContext, String>>() { @Override protected GridBiTuple<GridCacheContext, String> initialValue() { return F.t2(); } }; /** Logger. */ private GridLogger log; /** Atomic long name. */ private String name; /** Removed flag.*/ private volatile boolean rmvd; /** Atomic long key. */ private GridCacheInternalKey key; /** Atomic long projection. */ private GridCacheProjection<GridCacheInternalKey, GridCacheAtomicLongValue> atomicView; /** Cache context. */ private GridCacheContext ctx; /** Callable for {@link #get()}. */ private final Callable<Long> getCall = new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); return val.get(); } }; /** Callable for {@link #incrementAndGet()}. */ private final Callable<Long> incAndGetCall = new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get() + 1; val.set(retVal); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to increment and get: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; /** Callable for {@link #getAndIncrement()}. */ private final Callable<Long> getAndIncCall = new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get(); val.set(retVal + 1); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to get and increment: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; /** Callable for {@link #decrementAndGet()}. */ private final Callable<Long> decAndGetCall = new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get() - 1; val.set(retVal); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to decrement and get: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; /** Callable for {@link #getAndDecrement()}. */ private final Callable<Long> getAndDecCall = new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get(); val.set(retVal - 1); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to get and decrement and get: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; /** * Empty constructor required by {@link Externalizable}. */ public GridCacheAtomicLongImpl() { // No-op. } /** * Default constructor. * * @param name Atomic long name. * @param key Atomic long key. * @param atomicView Atomic projection. * @param ctx CacheContext. */ public GridCacheAtomicLongImpl(String name, GridCacheInternalKey key, GridCacheProjection<GridCacheInternalKey, GridCacheAtomicLongValue> atomicView, GridCacheContext ctx) { assert key != null; assert atomicView != null; assert ctx != null; assert name != null; this.ctx = ctx; this.key = key; this.atomicView = atomicView; this.name = name; log = ctx.gridConfig().getGridLogger().getLogger(getClass()); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public String name() { return name; } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long get() throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(getCall, ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long incrementAndGet() throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(incAndGetCall, ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long getAndIncrement() throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(getAndIncCall, ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long addAndGet(long l) throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(internalAddAndGet(l), ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long getAndAdd(long l) throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(internalGetAndAdd(l), ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long decrementAndGet() throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(decAndGetCall, ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long getAndDecrement() throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(getAndDecCall, ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public long getAndSet(long l) throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(internalGetAndSet(l), ctx); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public boolean compareAndSet(long expVal, long newVal) throws GridException { checkRemoved(); return CU.outTx(internalCompareAndSet(expVal, newVal), ctx); } /** * Check removed flag. * * @throws GridException If removed. */ private void checkRemoved() throws GridException { if (rmvd) throw new GridCacheDataStructureRemovedException("Atomic long was removed from cache: " + name); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public boolean onRemoved() { return rmvd = true; } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void onInvalid(@Nullable Exception err) { // No-op. } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public GridCacheInternalKey key() { return key; } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public boolean removed() { return rmvd; } /** * Method returns callable for execution {@link #addAndGet(long)} operation in async and sync mode. * * @param l Value will be added to atomic long. * @return Callable for execution in async and sync mode. */ private Callable<Long> internalAddAndGet(final long l) { return new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get() + l; val.set(retVal); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to add and get: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; } /** * Method returns callable for execution {@link #getAndAdd(long)} operation in async and sync mode. * * @param l Value will be added to atomic long. * @return Callable for execution in async and sync mode. */ private Callable<Long> internalGetAndAdd(final long l) { return new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get(); val.set(retVal + l); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to get and add: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; } /** * Method returns callable for execution {@link #getAndSet(long)} operation in async and sync mode. * * @param l Value will be added to atomic long. * @return Callable for execution in async and sync mode. */ private Callable<Long> internalGetAndSet(final long l) { return new Callable<Long>() { @Override public Long call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); long retVal = val.get(); val.set(l); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to get and set: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; } /** * Method returns callable for execution {@link #compareAndSet(long, long)} * operation in async and sync mode. * * @param expVal Expected atomic long value. * @param newVal New atomic long value. * @return Callable for execution in async and sync mode. */ private Callable<Boolean> internalCompareAndSet(final long expVal, final long newVal) { return new Callable<Boolean>() { @Override public Boolean call() throws Exception { GridCacheTx tx = CU.txStartInternal(ctx, atomicView, PESSIMISTIC, REPEATABLE_READ); try { GridCacheAtomicLongValue val = atomicView.get(key); if (val == null) throw new GridException("Failed to find atomic long with given name: " + name); boolean retVal = val.get() == expVal; if (retVal) { val.set(newVal); atomicView.put(key, val); tx.commit(); } return retVal; } catch (Error | Exception e) { U.error(log, "Failed to compare and set: " + this, e); throw e; } finally { tx.close(); } } }; } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException { out.writeObject(ctx); out.writeUTF(name); } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { GridBiTuple<GridCacheContext, String> t = stash.get(); t.set1((GridCacheContext)in.readObject()); t.set2(in.readUTF()); } /** * Reconstructs object on unmarshalling. * * @return Reconstructed object. * @throws ObjectStreamException Thrown in case of unmarshalling error. */ private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException { try { GridBiTuple<GridCacheContext, String> t = stash.get(); return t.get1().dataStructures().atomicLong(t.get2(), 0L, false); } catch (GridException e) { throw U.withCause(new InvalidObjectException(e.getMessage()), e); } finally { stash.remove(); } } /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public String toString() { return S.toString(GridCacheAtomicLongImpl.class, this); } } | Low | [
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details These water circulating pumps meet or exceed OEM marine specifications. Powder-coated to resist saltwater, rust, and corrosion, these top quality pumps are constructed with all brass bi-directional impellers and stainless steel and/or brass hardware, plates, and seals. Made in USA. | Mid | [
0.6086956521739131,
31.5,
20.25
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In vitro effects of some antibiotics on glutathione reductase from sheep liver. The effects of gentamicin sulphate, thiamphenicol, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, and cefazolin were investigated on the in vitro enzyme activity of glutathione reductase. The enzyme was purified 1,850-fold with a yield 18.76% from sheep liver using ammonium sulphate precipitation, 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm, according to the method of Carlberg and Mannervik. From these six antibiotics, Ofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, and cefazolin inhibited the activity of the purified enzyme; gentamicin sulphate and thiamphenicol showed little effect on the enzyme activity. The I50 values for these four antibiotics were 0.150 mM, 0.154 mM, 3.395 mM, and 18.629 mM, respectively. The Ki constants were 0.047 +/- 0.034 mM, 0.066 +/- 0.038 mM, 4.885 +/- 3.624 mM, and 6.511 +/- 1.894 mM, respectively and they were competitive inhibitors. | Mid | [
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37.75,
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Denver Nuggets center Chris “Birdman” Andersen, embroiled in a local child-exploitation inquiry, was threatened with retaliation by a woman who represented herself as being of legal age, and he was asked to give her money and lingerie, an attorney for the athlete said Friday. Douglas County authorities seized property including electronics from Andersen’s Larkspur home Thursday as part of the Internet Crimes Against Children unit’s ongoing investigation. The elaborately tattooed, fan-favorite Andersen, 33, has not been arrested, and the agency has not provided information regarding any allegations against him. A statement released Friday by Denver attorney Colin Bresee offers a glimpse of a flirtatious relationship that developed between Andersen and a young woman from California. Documents reviewed by The Denver Post confirm that she repeatedly represented herself to be of legal age and that her family later demanded payment from Andersen. “I want him to pay for everything on her Amazon wishlist and 5k for her bedding stuff and her victoria secret wishlist,” wrote a person purporting to be the young woman’s mother. In 2010, Andersen began receiving letters and photos showing the young woman “scantily clad,” Bresee said. In 2011, she flew to Colorado for a visit. She later became upset when Andersen no longer showed interest in her, according to the statement. “In 2012, she then threatened to retaliate if he did not provide financial remuneration,” Bresee wrote. “Professional athletes are routinely targeted by these types of individuals. The media has been speculating that he is a suspect, and not a victim, in a criminal investigation.” Douglas County officials clarified Friday that they have not named Andersen as a target of their investigation. We have “recovered property from Mr. Andersen’s residence that we believe is connected to this case,” said Sgt. Ron Hanavan. “We want to reiterate that a search warrant was executed and no arrests have been made. No individual(s) are being identified as the focus of this investigation.” The Sheriff’s Office has sealed the search-warrant affidavit, which would lay out probable cause and offer more information about the allegations in this case. Colorado Springs Sgt. Bill Dehart assists law enforcement agencies with Internet crimes against children cases, but he is not involved with the Andersen investigation. He said that police departments are generally responsible for determining whether an alleged victim was underage and whether illegal sexual activity occurred. As for whether a suspect knew or should have known the victim was underage? “Ultimately, it’s for a court to look at those circumstances,” Dehart said. The Denver Post could not find records indicating the age of the person believed to be Andersen’s accuser. The newspaper is not identifying her because she might be underage. Her Facebook page and other social media outlets present a picture of a young-looking person made to appear older with heavy makeup and adult clothing. Images show her posing in numerous sports T-shirts, including a Nuggets jersey emblazoned with No. 11, Andersen’s number. On Twitter, she sends messages to other high-profile sports figures and celebrities. Andersen has been under investigation since February, when a California law enforcement agency tipped off Douglas County authorities. The Nuggets have “indefinitely excused” him from team-related activities until the investigation wraps up. It’s likely to continue for three weeks, according to Bresee’s statement. “Mr. Andersen has been fully cooperating with the authorities,” he said. “We are confident it will be shown that Chris did not engage in any criminal conduct.” Jessica Fender: 303-954-1244 or [email protected] | Low | [
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31.625,
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Tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling. A dominant negative mutation suppresses the activation of the 55-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor. To investigate the signaling mechanism of the 55-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor a functional transfection based assay was developed. The human 55-kDa TNF receptor, stably expressed in mouse L929 cells, was demonstrated to be activated specifically by agonist antibodies and to initiate a signal for cellular cytotoxicity. A deletion mutant of the human TNF receptor lacking most of the cytoplasmic domain was found to be completely defective in generating the signal for cytotoxicity. Additionally, expression of the truncated receptor substantially suppressed signaling by endogenous mouse TNF receptors in response to TNF, but not in response to specific anti-murine TNF receptor antibodies. These results suggest that aggregation of 55-kDa TNF receptor intracellular domains, which are not associated in the absence of ligand, is an important component of the signal for cellular toxicity. This work also provides an example of a dominant negative mutation in a transmembrane receptor that lacks a tyrosine kinase domain, and suggests a more general utility of dominant negative mutations in the investigation of cytokine receptor function. | Mid | [
0.6380697050938331,
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#ZMASHMaui Day 1 This gypsy AB team has hopped over to Maui now and we are working with our fantastic partners at the Maui Humane Society. This is THE FIRST #ZMASH on Maui ever – ground breaking work is happening here. We held orientation last night, built the clinic this morning and by 12 noon had booked in 57 dogs, we have around 45 more coming in this afternoon. So many beautiful Pitbulls! The Maui HS staff and volunteers are so enthusiastic and very well organized, it is as if we have been working together all our lives…the dogs have brought us all together and there is just no stopping this! This is a fantastic team of people who are so compassionate, so dedicated, so hard working and so wonderful to work with. AB is delighted to be here. | Mid | [
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Q: Joining Tables in Oracle SQL Developer I have four tables that I want to join and display the output all together. I'm not sure how the syntax works for Oracle SQL Developer. I know this is an easy question for a programmer and I was hoping someone can make a suggestion on how the code might look like. The tables are: JNL1 JNL2 JNL3 JNL4 The key that is common between all four of these tables is ItemID. How would the query look like? Thanks A: It really depends on what kind of join you want (outer or not) but you can use default SQL syntax. For example, joining without the JOIN keyword: select * from JNL1, JNL2, JNL3, JNL4, where JNL1.ItemID = JNL2.ItemID AND JNL2.ItemID = JNL3.ItemID AND JNL3.ItemID = JNL4.ItemID; Additionally you can make use of multiple INNER JOINS e.g. SELECT whatever FROM JNL1 AS a INNER JOIN JNL2 AS b ON b.ItemID = a.ItemID INNER JOIN JNL2 AS c ON c.ItemID = b.ItemID INNER JOIN JNL2 AS d ON d.ItemID = c.ItemID | High | [
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Jordy Walker Beverly W. "Jordy" Walker (7 May 1939 – 11 December 2010 in Hamilton) is a sailor from Bermuda. Walker represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Walker took 15th place in the Soling with Kirkland Cooper as helmsman and Alex Cooper as fellow crew member. References Category:1939 births Category:2010 deaths Category:Bermudian male sailors (sport) Category:Sailors at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Soling Category:Olympic sailors of Bermuda Category:People from Hamilton, Bermuda | High | [
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Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants: a challenge to microbiologists and clinicians. The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus may use various strategies to resist antibiotic therapy. One of these strategies is the formation of small colony variants (SCVs), a naturally occurring, slow-growing subpopulation with distinctive phenotypic characteristics and pathogenic traits. SCVs are defined by mostly non-pigmented and non-haemolytic colonies ca. 10 times smaller than the parent strain. In the past decade, many reports and prospective studies have supported a pathogenic role for these variants in patients with persistent and/or recurrent infections. The tiny size of clinical and experimentally derived SCVs on solid agar is often due to auxotrophy for hemin and/or menadione, two compounds involved in the biosynthesis of electron transport chain components. The morphological and physiological features of SCVs present a challenge to clinical microbiologists in terms of recovery of organisms, their identification and susceptibility testing. Based on the knowledge that SCVs may persist intracellularly, treatment including antimicrobial agents with intracellular antistaphylococcal activity appears appropriate. SCVs potentially use the upregulated arginine deiminase pathway to produce ATP or, through ammonia production, to counteract the acidic environment that prevails intracellularly, as shown using a site-directed mutant with SCV phenotype in transcriptomic studies. | High | [
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The shortlist for the FIFA’s player of the year featured no Lionel Messi for the first time in 12 years and provoked a predictable outcry. French striker Antoine Griezmann said he deserved to be in the top three, instead of Portugal’s Cristiano Ronaldo, Croatia’s Luka Modric, or Egypt’s Mohamed Salah. “This is a trophy that’s awarded by FIFA, right?” Griezmann added. “We won a World Cup and there’s no Frenchman on the shortlist. That’s the choice, but it’s surprising.” It is indeed FIFA’s award, entirely separate (except for a short period of time) from the Ballon d’Or, the other annual award for the best player in the world, which has been won by Ronaldo or Messi every year since 2008. The Ballon d’Or, selected by journalists, is awarded by France Football magazine. (The winner of the FIFA award will be announced this month; the next Ballon d’Or is in December.) French national team coach Didier Deschamps echoed Griezmann’s sentiment that a Frenchman should win after the country took the World Cup in July. Of the French players, Griezmann, Raphael Varane, and teen prodigy Kylian Mbappé all made the longlist. In any case, none of them deserve it. The winner should be their fellow Frenchman, N’Golo Kanté. Perhaps that doesn’t sound right. In 2013, when Ronaldo was winning the first of four Champions League titles in a row with Real Madrid, Kanté was plying his trade in obscurity in France’s second division. He helped Caen win promotion to Ligue 1 and stay there. Unheralded by any of the big boys, he was bought by a middling English club, Leicester City, for around €8 million (about $8.8 million at the time). Kanté deserves to be honored for his incredible winning streak since getting his chance to play at the highest levels of the game. Leicester were likely contenders to be relegated from England’s insanely competitive Premier League when Kanté joined. Instead, Leicester— 5,000-to-1 outsiders—won the league in 2016 in the greatest upset in team sports history. That was in no small part due to the diminutive Frenchman at the base of its midfield. Their fans called him “the Kanté twins” for his ability to cover as much distance, it seems, as two players. His work was recognized that year as the soccer writers’ player of the year in the UK and, crucially, as his fellow players’ player of the year. They understood what just what Kanté did for his team. He got his biggest chance when he moved to Chelsea the next season. When Chelsea won the Premier League in 2017, Kanté became the first outfield player to win back-to-back leagues in England with different clubs since a very different French player, Eric Cantona, in 1992-93. And now, in 2018, the midfielder was crucial as France took apart some excellent teams to win its second World Cup. Only Ronaldo can claim a better three-year period. Then again, Ronaldo’s ascent wasn’t as sharp and his role in soccer games is very different—he is social-media handsome, fast-charging, a winger-cum-midfield-cum-striker who scores a lot of goals. And that may be the difference in why every kid in the world isn’t wearing a Kanté replica shirt. Soccer doesn’t have a good track record of rewarding those players that do the hard work. The last defender to win the Ballon d’Or, for example, was Fabio Cannavaro in 2006, after his Italy won the World Cup. Kanté’s last club coach, Antonio Conte, suggested last year that he will never be crowned the best player in the world. I don’t know if Kanté can win the Ballon d’Or in his life because of the characteristics of this player. He doesn’t score a lot of goals. He is a great worker. For me, as a coach, Kanté has to win, but in reality it would be very difficult. Paolo Maldini never won but he was the best defender in the world. Gianluigi Buffon never won, he was the best goalkeeper in the world for many years. But this is the story of the Ballon d’Or. We love shiny things that catch our eye. And we are like moths to the flame of new talent. We love genius. So we love Mbappé, who is scoring goals for fun in the finals of major tournaments at the age of 17. Kanté is not that kind of sportsman. He had to wait to age of 25 to make his debut for the national team. He has won a lot through being willing to do all the stuff that nobody else wants to. His teammates try to draw attention to the 5ft-6in midfielder, even if he won’t. ”To wind him up, we tell him to dance, to express himself a little. He doesn’t like it. He is shy and reserved. But just seeing him smile makes us happy,” said his national teammate Samuel Umtiti. “N’Golo works in the shadows. We feel obliged to bring him into the light.” So do we. | Mid | [
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Q: QT5: Failed to load psql driver in windows I want to load qt5 psql driver in windows 7. I've load the library as this way: qDebug() << QCoreApplication::libraryPaths (); QString driverName = "QPSQL"; QSqlDatabase::addDatabase(driverName,"A connection to postgres"); And the output shows: ("C:/QT/Qt5.1.0/5.1.0/msvc2010/plugins", "D:/xxx/build-xxx-Desktop_Qt_5_1_0_MSVC2010_32bit-Release/release") QSqlDatabase: QPSQL driver not loaded QSqlDatabase: available drivers: QSQLITE QODBC QODBC3 QPSQL QPSQL7 And in directory: C:/QT/Qt5.1.0/5.1.0/msvc2010/plugins/, there does have sqldrivers subdirectory and qsqlpsql.dll, qsqlpsqld.dll, qsqlpsqld.pdb in the subdirectory. I load the psql library successful in ubuntu. and my .pro file is mainly like this: QT += core gui sql concurrent greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets unix { LIBS += -lpython2.7 QMAKE_CXXFLAGS += -std=c++0x } win32 { LIBS += \ C:/Python27/libs/python27.lib } I can't find the reason why it failed. Do I need to add libpqdll.lib in .pro file? But I didn't use LIBS += -lpq in ubuntu? BTW: I failed to build libpq in windows 7, using visual studio 2010. But this is another problem. The question may be easy. But I've tried a wholely day. A: Most likely it's failing to dynamically link the qsqlpsql.dll file when it invokes LoadLibrary on it after your program requests that driver. LoadLibrary returns the same error code for when the target DLL is missing as for when one of the DLLs the target DLL depends on is missing or cannot be loaded. So Qt quite possibly gets a "library not found" error and assumes "oh, the Pg driver must not be in this Qt build", where in fact it's present and failing to load due to dependency issues, library compatibility problems, etc. To determine why it's failing to load, you can as Frank Osterfeld suggested use a tool like Dependency Walker (depends.exe). If you're compiling 32-bit code on a 64-bit machine you want to get the 32-bit dependency walker. It's quite likely to be failing because there's a dependency of qsqlpsql.dll missing - either libpq.dll, or one of the libraries that libpq build requires. Dependency walker will help isolate this. It's also possible you're trying to load a 64-bit libpq.dll in a 32-bit program, or vice versa. You may also find it informative to run your program with Process Monitor tracing it. This will produce a lot of detail about which files it attempts to open / examine, among other things, and can help track down things like unexpected PATH issues. If you're still stuck, there's always the option of stepping through with a debugger. | Mid | [
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President Trump signs an executive order on religious liberty - and says where he'll go on his first foreign trip. | Low | [
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The Beachcombers Surfboard Riding Club Palm Beach, NSW - 1959 to 1961 This is getting towards the time when the Beachcombers started. This began when Johnny Hawke’s Beach Buffet was on the southern part of the dressing sheds. Upstairs was where the food was sold; pies and hot dogs, that sort of stuff. What he sold the most of was that Golden Circle Pineapple juice. He was onto a great thing there; people used to visit Palm Beach in the thousands on the weekends. There was Howlett’s store where the bus terminates and then John Dunne’s, who had the Cock and Bull, came along later. That was next to Howlett’s. Johnny Hawke used to sell a pie for 1 and sixpence; the profit he must have made would have been enormous. The juice sold like hotcakes. Downstairs they’d originally tried to sell souvenirs but it just didn’t work. He said to us one day, ‘look, we’ve got this spot downstairs, you guys can have it.’ – to use to put our boards in. I used to carry mine back to the Golf Club and they were bloody heavy then. My first board was a balsa board, and then the foam board revolution came in. I remember working at Johnny Hawke’s and saving up all this money for a board – he used to give me one pound a day, which was a fair bit but I would work from six in the morning until six at night. Dad held that old principle where if you wanted something you earned it and saved your money up to buy it. So I’d be there working my guts out serving hundreds and hundreds of people while all my mates were surfing. And of course that view from where we served looked right down the beach from over the dressing sheds. This became the place where the gang gathered. For my first board I’d wanted a Scott Dillon board and had saved up £28 and knew the type I was getting. Dad said, along with a mate of his, that I was wasting my money. I remember dad bringing this board in, to which I said, ‘dad, that board is a joke, I don’t want that’. Dad said he’d already paid for it, it’s £12 – so I was pretty annoyed, I wanted a Scott Dillon board, they were the go. At any rate I ended up with this Beale as my first board, which was a balsa board and it just didn’t suit me – I was the laughing stock of the beach. It was really heavy at the back, the nose was that paper thin I thought it would snap off. My fears were realised when it did. At any rate, this nice little piece of real estate was given to our gang to use in 1959. We’d keep our boards there. Prior to that, if we didn’t take them home, we’d leave them behind the Palladium. No one knocked them off. The Palladium circa 1950 Some original Beachcombers Surfboard Riders Club Palm Beach NSW 1961 near the present day dressing sheds. Note Johnny Hawkes Beach Buffet in the background washed away in king tides. The Beachcomber’s Club was underneath the Beach Buffet. Back row – Ken ‘The Blue Streak’ Mackey, John ‘Pine’ Prosser, Richard Parkinson. The gentleman in background looking like he’s doing The Stomp is Tony Bradley. Check out Col Brown’s famous Ford Twin Single Spinner it went on many a surfing safari. Picture taken at Palm Beach dressing sheds. South Palm Beach in the background the washed away Beach Buffet and Beachcomber’s club. Photo - Ron Turton. What a spot, looking straight out over the ocean. The name of this place became ‘The Beachcombers’ but I was a club in name only. We didn’t register it, we didn’t take membership, no minutes or anything like that. Our claim to fame was though that we were the first surfboard riding club in Australia, until proven otherwise. If you look at the Surfing Australia: a Complete History of Surfboard Riding in Australia (2012), that Phil Jarratt put together, he sort of acknowledges that. There were these others from South Bondi who put forward a similar claim but I ask you – where was South Bondi ?!– here we were in this little part of Australia called ‘Palm Beach’! We were the centre of the universe! Nothing else existed! We never copied anyone – anything we did down there was from our own skills and thoughts. It was decided we’d call this club ‘the Beachcombers Surfboard Riding Club’ and a photo was taken, which I’ve sent to you, which has been in every single book about the peninsula; half of them haven’t even got captions under it. I still have the negative of this. Who took the photo? We think it was Alex McTaggart and we think this because he wasn’t in it. We know he was there - his brother is in the photo. There has been a lot of argument as to who took it. One day Pearl and I were going through these old surfing magazines we had and in an envelope among these we found the negative. Alex says he only knew a few people in the photo – his brother, Johnny Oliver and Frank Gonsalves, but I’m pretty sure it’s him that took it. The first Australian surf board riding club – the ‘Beachcombers Surfboard Riding Club’ of Palm Beach NSW and their boards 1959. The most interesting part about all that is, and there were two generations together in there; the older blokes who were around two years older than I, and I tell you when you’re 14 someone who is 16 seems really mature, us younger ones, Johnny McIlroy, Johnny Prosser, Laci Berczelley and me decided we should have a jacket. What you have to remember about those days is there was all this guff about the surfers and the rockers and how we were trouble – the clubbies and the surfers did not get on. There were a lot of problems there for a few years; the Surfers and the Rockers and the Widgies and Bodgies, there was this thing about Surfers being layabouts and we all smoked these foreign cigarettes – that was another thing. These jackets were unbelievable – they were black and had white seams in plastic down the side and on the back was ‘Beachcombers, Palm Beach’. There was a show called ‘77 Sunset Strip’ and a bloke called Cookie Burns who was always combing his hair backwards in a real Elvis Presley style. In the Archie comics all the blokes had their initials, like in the college style. We decided we’d have that too – I had a big R on the front, Ken Mackey had a big K – we were so cool! We ordered about a dozen of these jackets and we thought we were so, just, ‘cool man’. We couldn’t wait to wear them – we’d wear them down to Avalon and strut around – when I think back we must have looked like West Side Story, only of Palm Beach! I’ll tell you one story that helped put Palmy on the map. One year when still at high school, 1960 this was, they used to have this big rugby league knock-out comp. It started at Keirle Park and all the finalists got to play at Brookvale oval, which was like playing at the Sydney Cricket Ground to us, that was like ‘wow!’. One year the Narrabeen Boys High won the whole 8 stone knockout division and had to go to Brookvale. I was 7 and a half stone and thus a bit light for the 8 stone mob, but I was a winger and always the best runner in my age division at school. I remember when they had the mini-Olympics at Avalon I was stuck at Leichhardt; I was annoyed – I would have won the gold in the sprint races. I remember when I got back Mr. Archibald lined me up against those who had been the sprinting gold medallists and I had to look around when running the 100 to see where they were! That’s fair dinkum! Anyway, that wasn’t meant to be. In high school I remember I had to lose all this weight to get to 7 stone because Mr. Russo, who didn’t like me much, told me to go and play with the 7 stone team. I remember I ate a Sao biscuit and a cup of tea every day for a week, nearly killed me. I got down to 7 stone quick smart. The 8 stone team won it and got through to the State finals and had to go into the big time, into town and the Sports Ground - the Sydney Cricket Ground was next door. I was thrown in as a Reserve because I’d won the 100 yard sprint and Mr. Russo wanted the best there. So for those two weeks leading in I ate like a horse and ended up at 8 stone. Laci Berczelley was in that team, as was Johnny McIlroy. Ron won these Manly Warringah Rugby League High School Carnival pennants while attending NBHS in the school's first two years 1959 and 1960. We wore our Beachcomber jackets into Sydney. We wore these jackets walking from where you get off the bus, up George street, up Martin Place to Elizabeth street and then got the bus into the showground. There were all these people in from Nyngan and Tamworth for the State titles and these three dudes walking through the crowd with ‘Beachcombers, Palm Beach’ on their backs. Did you ever run into Midget Farrelly while at Palm Beach? Oh yeah. Bev and Pearl were friends, still are. When I was at High School, Beverlie’s father, Jack Carter was the Secretary Manager at Avalon Beach RSL. I knew Bev too, everyone knew each other. I first met Midget unofficially while surfing. That cheeky little bugger Nat Young was around too. I got to know Midget well, as everyone did. I remember one rainy night when dad was still working at the Golf Club there was a bang, bang, bang on the door. I opened it and there was Midget in some yellow oilskin North Sea Fishermen outfit and his motor scooter. He came in ‘G’day Ron, Ross’ – we’d seen each other down the beach and all the surfers knew each other. We may have been a bit isolated at Palm Beach but we all knew each other were around – the North Av. Group, there were some at North Narrabeen and Dee Why, bloody good surfers too – North Avalon had Rodney ‘Gopher’ Sumpter and Michael ‘Little Dooley’ Mabbit, they were just superstars. Mick Dooley also lived at Avalon for a while there. At any rate, Midget had come to see Pearl. Pearl was a great surfer too, she went on to win the Interstate Surfboard Riding Championships in 1963 at North Avalon, which was the forerunner to the Australian Championships. Ross and I baled him up; I was still pretty young then, still in my teens, - ‘what’s it like to do this?’ – surfing stuff. He was like a god to all of us, and this was years before he won the World Championship. He put up with us for a while and then, ‘any chance of seeing Pearl?’ He was a good fellow; the respect he paid my mum and dad, he was just so polite. Midget was basically a shy person then – you had Nat who was out there selling himself. You’d see Midget out there surfing on his own whereas Nat would be right in the thick of things. I think Midget got annoyed with all the inaccuracies in stories run about him. I recall phoning him about three years before he passed to speak about the wedge fin, which he invented, and had been credited to someone else. He was fed up with it then, had been for years, mostly because these inaccuracies are recorded as truth and what really happens then gets lost. He had a thing about getting it right but had a sort of ‘the horse has bolted’ attitude when one after another story would come out, and they were still publishing stuff right up until him passing. I remember in 2015 a Farrelly board was found up in the bush on a farm in rural New South Wales and I sent a picture to him asking him what year – ‘’69, an original’ was the answer, straight away. He knew his stuff and he was articulate. So Pearl was a champion? She was the Australian Champion in 1963. Pearl was an all-round gymnast; she could run, she could do back flips, anything. I lent her my board one day and she just got up and rode it. I’ve written a story on Pearl – why don’t you run that? We will! What were the most memorable surfs or swells you remember while The Beachcombers Surfboard Riding Club was going? There was one I remember that came in outside the Palm Beach Dressing Sheds in 1961 – it was a freak, ran for about an hour, this massive onshore break, and it was steep, about 12 foot. I’ve never seen since or before then. It just came out of the blue. Word got around pretty quickly, but we were there and everyone else came down – Midget even surfed with us, he wasn’t going to miss that wave. I was a goofy and it was a left-hand break and I saw this wave coming in, thought, ‘this is the wave of the day’ and got it, and bloody Gopher was paddling out and went to turn around and I said, well, you know; ‘go away, please’. I got it and turned around to go for it and then just heard this grunt, and out of the bloody tube came Midget – I didn’t even see him; I’d dropped in, but jeez, I dropped out very quickly! In that last edition of Surfing World, they’ve got ‘Brushes with Midget’ and that wave with him on it is in it. They rang me up and asked me to send some stuff in. Ron Turton Palm Beach NSW Winter 1959. One of the guys had an underwater camera and used to take pictures of marine life. I was on this wave near the dressing sheds and up he popped in front of me and took this fuzzy photo! Evasive action required on this 9 footer! Leone Power of Collaroy Beach NSW a great fan of the surf. Leone was Ron’s first girlfriend and became a sculptress in London. The surf reel stems from the times when Warringah Shore Council (W.S.C.) would issue these to each beach they were responsible for. Which was your favourite board? A Scott Dillon, a 9foot Mal. I got him to make the blank and got it back to my mate Richard Parkinson who also lived at Palm Beach with his parents. We glazed it, fibre glassed it and sanded it all back and made it real lightweight by only putting two layers of fibreglass on it. I designed my own fin – was always experimenting. Trish Samuels (Patsy Lane) 1947- by Trish Samuels Pearl Turton and I grew up together at Palm Beach and we were both in the group called The Beachcombers back when we were all of 14 years in 1961. The Beachcomber Club was a little club we started operating from the main beach at Palm Beach in about 1960. It consisted of a small group of local youngsters, average age 15 friends mainly from school. Our uniform was for winter a sort of bomber jacket and our hats were our cut down winter velour hats from our high school. The Beachcomber Club only lasted for a few years. We would borrow the boys surf boards for the short time that they would let us ‘have a go’ on them. It was a great time and I guess we were in the infancy of surfing. I didn’t surf as Pearl did but just borrowed the boys boards (when I was allowed!) however, I have always lived near the sea or close to it and love being in it . Part of this was surfing films at the theatre at Collaroy – good times. The surf films were shown at the Collaroy cinema and I know The Endless Summer, the Bruce Brown movie was one of them. One of the Witzig brothers used to make films also. I remember borrowing my brothers jumpers and his after shave (as perfume) to wear with jeans to the movies. | Mid | [
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<?php namespace AppBundle\Entity\Sylius; use AppBundle\Entity\Delivery; use AppBundle\Entity\LocalBusiness; use AppBundle\Entity\Task; use AppBundle\Sylius\Order\OrderInterface; use Doctrine\ORM\Query\Expr\Join; use Doctrine\ORM\QueryBuilder; use Sylius\Bundle\OrderBundle\Doctrine\ORM\OrderRepository as BaseOrderRepository; use Sylius\Component\Promotion\Model\PromotionCouponInterface; use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\User\UserInterface; class OrderRepository extends BaseOrderRepository { public function findCartsByRestaurant(LocalBusiness $restaurant) { return $this->createQueryBuilder('o') ->andWhere('o.state = :state') ->andWhere('o.restaurant = :restaurant') ->setParameter('state', OrderInterface::STATE_CART) ->setParameter('restaurant', $restaurant) ->getQuery() ->getResult() ; } public function findByDate(\DateTime $date) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $qb ->andWhere('o.restaurant IS NOT NULL') ->andWhere('o.state != :state') ->andWhere('OVERLAPS(o.shippingTimeRange, CAST(:range AS tsrange)) = TRUE') ->setParameter('state', OrderInterface::STATE_CART) ->setParameter('range', sprintf('[%s, %s]', $date->format('Y-m-d 00:00:00'), $date->format('Y-m-d 23:59:59'))) ; return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } public function findOrdersByRestaurantAndDateRange(LocalBusiness $restaurant, \DateTime $start, \DateTime $end) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $qb ->andWhere('o.restaurant = :restaurant') ->andWhere('o.state != :state_cart') ->andWhere('OVERLAPS(o.shippingTimeRange, CAST(:range AS tsrange)) = TRUE') ->setParameter('restaurant', $restaurant) ->setParameter('state_cart', OrderInterface::STATE_CART) ->setParameter('range', sprintf('[%s, %s]', $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'), $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'))) ->addOrderBy('o.shippingTimeRange', 'DESC') ; return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } public function findOrdersByDateRange(\DateTime $start, \DateTime $end) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $this->addDateRangeClause($qb, $start, $end); $qb ->andWhere('o.state != :state_cart') ->setParameter('state_cart', OrderInterface::STATE_CART); return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } public function findFulfilledOrdersByDateRange(\DateTime $start, \DateTime $end) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $this->addDateRangeClause($qb, $start, $end); $qb ->andWhere('o.state = :state_fulfilled') ->setParameter('state_fulfilled', OrderInterface::STATE_FULFILLED); return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } public function findFulfilledOrdersByDate(\DateTime $date) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $this->addDateClause($qb, $date); $qb ->andWhere('o.state = :state_fulfilled') ->setParameter('state_fulfilled', OrderInterface::STATE_FULFILLED); return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } public function findByUser($user) { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $qb ->andWhere('o.state != :state_cart') ->andWhere('o.customer = :customer') ->setParameter('state_cart', OrderInterface::STATE_CART) ->setParameter('customer', $user) ->addOrderBy('o.createdAt', 'DESC'); return $qb->getQuery()->getResult(); } private function addDateRangeClause(QueryBuilder $qb, \DateTime $start, \DateTime $end) { $qb ->andWhere('OVERLAPS(o.shippingTimeRange, CAST(:range AS tsrange)) = TRUE') ->setParameter('range', sprintf('[%s, %s]', $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'), $end->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'))) ; return $this; } private function addDateClause(QueryBuilder $qb, \DateTime $date) { $qb ->andWhere('OVERLAPS(o.shippingTimeRange, CAST(:range AS tsrange)) = TRUE') ->setParameter('range', sprintf('[%s, %s]', $date->format('Y-m-d 00:00:00'), $date->format('Y-m-d 23:59:59'))) ; return $this; } public function countByCustomerAndCoupon(UserInterface $customer, PromotionCouponInterface $coupon): int { return (int) $this->createQueryBuilder('o') ->select('COUNT(o.id)') ->andWhere('o.customer = :customer') ->andWhere('o.promotionCoupon = :coupon') ->andWhere('o.state NOT IN (:states)') ->setParameter('customer', $customer) ->setParameter('coupon', $coupon) ->setParameter('states', [OrderInterface::STATE_CART, OrderInterface::STATE_CANCELLED]) ->getQuery() ->getSingleScalarResult() ; } public function findOneByTask(Task $task): ?OrderInterface { $qb = $this->createQueryBuilder('o'); $qb ->leftJoin(Delivery::class, 'd', Join::WITH, 'o.id = d.order') ->leftJoin(Task::class, 't', Join::WITH, 'd.id = t.delivery') ->andWhere('t.id = :task') ->setParameter('task', $task) ; return $qb->getQuery()->getOneOrNullResult(); } } | Mid | [
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MAGDALENA, N.M. (AP) – A 3-week-old wildfire continues to produce smoke and haze over west-central New Mexico as it has grown to nearly 40 square miles with firefighters igniting some areas and the fire growing elsewhere on its own. The so-called “North Fire” is burning in a sparsely populated areas of grass and timber in the San Mateo Mountains around 25 miles southwest of Magdalena. Officials say the lightning-caused fire that started May 21 on the Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands is 30 percent contained. Surrounding communities are experiencing drifting smoke and haze in the afternoon and evenings, and the New Mexico Air Quality Bureau has placed a smoke monitor in the area. Approximately 140 personnel are assigned to the fire. | Low | [
0.43487858719646805,
24.625,
32
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--- abstract: 'This paper is an extension of an earlier paper that dealt with global dynamics in autonomous triangular maps. In the current paper, we extend the results on global dynamics of autonomous triangular maps to periodic non-autonomous triangular maps. We show that, under certain conditions, the orbit of every point in a periodic non-autonomous triangular map converges to a fixed point (respectively, periodic orbit of period $p$) if and only if there is no periodic orbit of prime period two (respectively, periodic orbits of prime period greater than $p$).' author: - 'Rafael Luís[^1]' title: On the global dynamics of periodic triangular maps --- **Keys Words:** [Periodic triangular maps, Periodic non-autonomous difference equations, Stability, Global dynamics, Applications]{} **AMS:** [Primary 37C75]{}, Secondary[ 39A23, 39A30.]{} Introduction ============ Taking advantage of the structure of triangular maps, Balreira, Elaydi and Luís [@BELTriangular2014] have been shown global dynamics of higher dimensional autonomous triangular maps. Basically, they consider autonomous continuous triangular maps on $I^k$, where $I$ is a compact interval in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}$. It is shown that, under some conditions, the orbit of every point in a triangular map converges to a fixed point if and only if there is no periodic orbits of prime period two. As a consequence of this conclusion, a result on global stability have been investigated. Namely, if there are no periodic orbits of prime period 2 and the triangular map has a unique fixed point, then the fixed point is globally asymptotically stable. This last conclusion takes a paramount importance in some applications. Particularly, in population dynamics when we are interested to investigate when local stability implies global stability. In the current paper, we extend the ideas presents in [@BELTriangular2014], to a periodic non-autonomous triangular difference equations. We show, under certain conditions, global dynamics of fixed points or periodic orbits in the periodic non-autonomous difference equation $$X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n),$$ where $X\in I^k$ and $F_n$ is a periodic sequence of triangular maps. The paper is organized as follows: in Section \[sec\_prel\] we introduce the relevant concepts to our analysis. In the next section, we deal with periodic non-autonomous triangular maps and give the results in global dynamics and global stability in such periodic non-autonomous dynamical systems. Finally, in Section \[examples\] we provide illustrative examples. Particularly, we study a periodic triangular Leslie-Gower competition model, a periodic triangular Ricker type model and a periodic triangular model given by some affine combination. It is important to mention that, in the study of some periodic non-autonomous concrete models, one of the main difficulties encountered is precisely to find analytically the fixed points of the composition. This is precisely the nature of non-autonomous models. That computations are possible only in some limited models and in general, we are not able to find analytically, periodic orbits with period greater than the period of the system. Hence, in this field, is natural to use a software that help us in such computations. In the examples that we provide in this paper we are able to solve analytically the equations. We point out that some known one-dimensional examples can be extended to a higher dimension as a periodic triangular map, such as the logistic model for instance. However, the computations of the periodic points of the periodic system are possible only by numerical methods. Before end this section, we notice that recently, the study of the dynamics of triangular maps has been increase. To cite a few papers, in [@manosa2014] Cima, Gassul and Mañosa study the dynamics of a planar triangular map of the form $x_{n+1}=f(u_n)+g(u_n)x_n$ and $u_{n+1}=\phi(u_n)$. In [@BALIBREA203] the authors study the $\omega-$limit sets of some $3-$dimensional triangular maps on the unit cube. In the terminology of population dynamics, triangular models are known as hierarchical models. In the paper [@AEKLR2015a] Assas et al. have been study a two-species hierarchical competition model with a strong Allee effect with no immigration (the Allee effect is assumed to be caused by predator saturation). Later on, in [@AEKLR2015b] the authors simplified the techniques employed in the previous paper and provided a proof in global dynamics of the non-hyperbolic cases that were previously conjectured. They have been shown how immigration to one of the species or to both would, drastically, change the dynamics of the system. More precisely, it is shown that if the level of immigration to one or to both species is above a specified level, then there will be no extinction region where both species go to extinction. Preliminaries {#sec_prel} ============= A map $F: \mathbb{R}^k \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^k$ is said to be *triangular* if it can be written as $$F(x_1, x_2, ..., x_k) = (f_1(x_1), f_2(x_1,x_2), ... , f_k(x_1, x_2, ..., x_k))$$ For a point $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^k$, the orbit of $\mathbf{x}$ under $F$ is given by $$O(\mathbf{x}) = \{F^n(\mathbf{x})|\,n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\},$$ where $\mathbb{Z}^+$ is the set of nonnegative integers. The omega limit set $\omega(\mathbf{x})$ of $\mathbf{x}\in \mathbb{R}^k$ is defined as $$\omega(\mathbf{x}) =\{z \in \mathbb{R}^k |\, F^{n_i}(\mathbf{x}) \rightarrow z,\text{ as }n_i \rightarrow \infty\},$$ for some subsequence $n_i$ of $\mathbb{Z}^+$. The set $\omega(\mathbf{x})$ is closed and invariant and it is non-empty if the orbit closure of $\mathbf{x}$ is compact. The following theorem by W. A. Coppel deals with global dynamics of one-dimensional maps. \[thm\_no\_periodic\_points\] Let $I=[a,b]\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ and $f:I\rightarrow I$ be a continuous map. If the equation $f\left( f\left( x\right) \right) =x$ has no roots, with the possible exception of the roots of the equation $f\left( x\right) =x\,$, then every orbit under the map $f$ converges to a fixed point. Throughout this paper we will dell with the following notions of stability. Let us consider the map $F: I^k \rightarrow I^k$ of class $C^1$ and let $\mathbf{x}^*$ be a fixed point of the map $F$. We say that: 1. $\mathbf{x}^*$ is *stable* if for any $\epsilon>0$, there is $\delta>0$ such that for all $\mathbf{x}_0\in I^k$ with $\|\mathbf{x}_0-\mathbf{x}^*\| < \delta$ we have $\|F(\mathbf{x}_0) - F(\mathbf{x}^*)\|<\epsilon$. Otherwise, $\mathbf{x}^*$ is said to be unstable. 2. $\mathbf{x}^*$ is *attracting* if there is $\eta>0$ such that $\|\mathbf{x}_0-\mathbf{x}^*\| < \eta$ implies $\lim_{n\to\infty} F^n(\mathbf{x}_0) = \mathbf{x}^*$. 3. $\mathbf{x}^*$ is *asymptotically stable* if it is both stable and attracting. 4. $\mathbf{x}^*$ is globally asymptotically stable if the above definition holds for all $\eta$. Notice that the above definitions 1. - 3. are local, that is, only need to be satisfied on a neighborhood of $\mathbf{x}^*$. In order to study the stability in higher dimensional models, we have to look at the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of $F$ at $\mathbf{x}^*$, denoted by $JF(\mathbf{x}^*)$. Indeed, let us define $\sigma\left(\mathbf{x}^*\right) = \left\{\lambda\in \mathbb{C} |\, \lambda\mbox{ is an eigenvalue of }JF(\mathbf{x}^*) \right\}$. When clear from context, we will simple denote $\sigma\left(\mathbf{x}^*\right)$ as $\sigma$. We have that $\sigma$ decomposes as the subsets $\sigma^s = \{\lambda \in \mathbb{C} |\,|\lambda| < 1\}$, $\sigma^c = \{\lambda \in \mathbb{C} |\,|\lambda| = 1\}$ and $\sigma^u = \{\lambda \in \mathbb{C} |\,|\lambda| > 1\}$. For each of the subsets above, the tangent space of $\mathbf{x}^*$ is decomposed into the invariant subspaces $E^s$, $E^c$, $E^u$ corresponding to $\sigma ^s$, $\sigma ^c$, $\sigma ^u$, that is, $\mathbb{R}^k=E^s \oplus E^c \oplus E^u$. It should be noted that some of these subspaces may be trivial subspaces. Given an open neighborhood $U$ of $\mathbf{x}^*$, the local stable manifold for $\mathbf{x}^*$ in this neighborhood is defined to be the set $$W^s_{loc}(\mathbf{x}^*, U)=\{z \in U |\, \lim \limits_{n\to \infty} F^n(z)=\mathbf{x}^*\}$$ and the local unstable manifold for $\mathbf{x}^*$ in the neighborhood $U$ is the set $$\begin{aligned} W^u_{loc}(\mathbf{x}^*, U)&=&\{z \in U|\, \mbox{ there exists a complete negative orbit } \{\mathbf{x}^*_{-n}\} \subset U \\&&\mbox{ such that } \lim \limits_{n\to \infty} \mathbf{x}^*_{-n}=\mathbf{x}^*\}\end{aligned}$$ The stable manifold theory [@ElaydiDC; @Robinson1999] guarantees the existence of the local stable and unstable manifolds in a suitable open neighborhood $U$ of the fixed point $\mathbf{x}^*$. In this case, we denote the stable, center, and unstable manifolds of $\mathbf{x}^*$ by $W^s_{loc}(\mathbf{x}^*)$, $W^c_{loc}(\mathbf{x}^*)$, $W^u_{loc}(\mathbf{x}^*)$, respectively. Moreover, all these manifolds are invariant. Taking advantage of the structure of triangular maps, Balreira, Elaydi and Luis [@BELTriangular2014] extended Theorem \[thm\_no\_periodic\_points\] to to $k-$dimensional triangular maps. We now give the main result in [@BELTriangular2014]. \[main\_th\_BEL\] Let $F: I^k \rightarrow I^k$ be a continuous $C^1$ triangular map such that each fixed point $\mathbf{x}^*$ is a locally stable fixed point of $F|_{W^c_{loc} (\mathbf{x}^*)}$. Then every orbit in $I^k$ converge to a fixed point if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period two. An important consequence of this theorem is the following corollary in global stability: Suppose that the triangular map $F$ has a unique fixed point $\mathbf{x}^*$ and $\mathbf{x}^*$ is stable for $F|_{W^c_{loc} (\mathbf{x}^*)}$. Then $\mathbf{x}^*$ is globally asymptotically stable if and only if $F$ has no periodic orbits of prime period two. \[cor\_main\_th\_BEL\] Corollary \[cor\_main\_th\_BEL\] play a paramount importance in certain models. Particularly, in population dynamics, when we want to show that local stability implies global stability. Notice that in population dynamics, the domain is the nonnegative orthant $\mathbb{R}_+^k$, the extra assumption that all orbits are bounded is needed and the results remain valid. The preceding results used the fact that the one-dimensional Sharkovsky’s Theorem[^2] holds for $k-$dimensional triangular maps as was shown by Kloeden [@Klo1979]. Periodic triangular maps ======================== In this section, we extend the results presented in the previous section to periodic triangular non-autonomous models. We begin by presenting the principal concepts and notations. Let us consider a triangular non-autonomous discrete difference equation given by $$X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n),\label{TDDS}$$ where $X_n\in I^k$ and the sequence of triangular maps $F_n=(f_{1,n},f_{2,n},\ldots,f_{k,n})$ are of class $C^1$ of the form $$\begin{aligned} F_n(X_n)&=&F_n(x_{1,n},x_{2,n},\ldots,x_{k,n})\\ &=&(f_{1,n}(x_{1,n}),f_{2,n}(x_{1,n},x_{2,n}),\ldots,f_{k,n}(x_{1,n},x_{2,n},\ldots,x_{k,n})).\end{aligned}$$ The orbit of an initial point $X_0=(x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0})$ in the System (\[TDDS\]) is given by $O(X_0)=\{X_0,X_1,X_2,\ldots\}$ where $$\begin{aligned} X_1&=&(x_{1,1},x_{2,1},\ldots,x_{k,1})=F_0((x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0}))\\ &=&(f_{1,0}(x_{1,0}),f_{2,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0}),\ldots,f_{k,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0})),\end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} X_2&=&(x_{1,2},x_{2,2},\ldots,x_{k,2})=F_1\circ F_0((x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0}))\\ &=&(f_{1,1}\left[f_{1,0}(x_{1,0})\right],f_{2,1}\left[f_{1,0}(x_{1,0}),f_{2,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0})\right],\ldots,\\ &&f_{k,1}\left[f_{1,0}(x_{1,0}),f_{2,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0}),\ldots,f_{k,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0})\right]),\end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} X_3&=&(f_{1,2}\{f_{1,1}\left[f_{1,0}(x_{1,0})\right]\},\ldots,\\ &&f_{k,2}\left\{f_{k,1}\left[f_{1,0}(x_{1,0}),f_{2,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0}),\ldots,f_{k,0}(x_{1,0},x_{2,0},\ldots,x_{k,0})\right]\right\}),\end{aligned}$$ etc.. Define the triangular composition map as follows $$\begin{aligned} \Phi_n(X):&=&\Phi_n(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=F_{n-1}\circ \ldots\circ F_1\circ F_0(X)\\&=&(\phi_{1,n}(x_1),\phi_{2,n}(x_1,x_2),\ldots,\phi_{k,n}(x_1,\ldots,x_k))\end{aligned}$$ where $\phi_{j,n}(x_1,\ldots, x_j)$, $j=1,2,\ldots, k$, is the composition obtained in each coordinate as illustrated before. Notice that we are assuming that the composition is well defined in some subset of $I^k$. Hence, the dynamics of the system is completely determined by the triangular composition map $\Phi_n(X)$. Now let us consider the periodicity of Equation (\[TDDS\]) by considering $p_i$ to be the minimal period of the individual maps $f_{j,i}$, i.e., for each $j=1,2,\ldots, k$ we have $f_{j,n+p_i}=f_{j,n}$ for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. Under this scenario we have $F_{n+p}=F_n$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$, where $$p=lcm\{p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_k\}$$ is minimal. Hence, Equation (\[TDDS\]) is $p-$periodic and its dynamics is completely determined by the composition triangular map $\Phi_p$. Notice that we can have the following three scenarios in the dynamics of the equation (\[TDDS\]): 1. **Common fixed point.** If $x^*$ is a common fixed point of the sequence of maps $F_n$ (and obviously a fixed point of the $p-$periodic equation (\[TDDS\]), then $X^*$ is also a fixed point of the composition triangular map $\Phi_{q,i}$; 2. **Cycle.** If there exists $q\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ such that $mq=p$ for some $m=2,3\ldots$, then the $p-$periodic Equation (\[TDDS\]) has a $q-$periodic cycle which is a $mq-$periodic cycle of the triangular composition map $\Phi_{p,i}$. This cycle is denoted by $$\mathcal{C}_q=\{\overline{X}_{i},\overline{X}_{i+1},\ldots,\overline{X}_{i+q-1}\}.$$ Notice that $\overline{X}_i$, $i=0,1,\ldots,q-1$ is fixed point of the following compositions: $$\begin{aligned} \Phi_{q_1,i}(\overline{X}_i)&=&F_{i+q-1}\circ\ldots\circ F_{i+1}\circ F_i(\overline{X}_i),\\ \Phi_{q_2,i}(\overline{X}_i)&=&F_{i+2q-1}\circ\ldots\circ F_{i+q+1}\circ F_{i+q}(\overline{X}_i),\\ &&\hspace{2cm}\ldots\\ \Phi_{q_m,i}(\overline{X}_i)&=&F_{i+mq-1}\circ\ldots\circ F_{i+(m-1)q+1}\circ F_{i+(m-1)q}(\overline{X}_i). \end{aligned}$$ 3. **Geometric cycle.** If the triangular composition map $\Phi_{p,i}$ has a fixed point which is not in the conditions described above, then it is a $p-$periodic cycle of the $p-$periodic Equation (\[TDDS\]). In this case this cycle is called as a geometric cycle and denoted by $$\mathcal{C}_p=\{\overline{X}_{i},\overline{X}_{i+1},\ldots,\overline{X}_{i+p-1}\}.$$ Notice that $\overline{X}_i$, $i=0,1,2\ldots,p-1$, is a fixed point of the following compositions $$\begin{aligned} \Phi_{p,i}(\overline{X}_i)=F_{i+p-1}\circ\ldots\circ F_{i+1}\circ F_{i}(\overline{X}_i). \end{aligned}$$ Here, when $i=0$ we denote $\Phi_{p,0}$ by $\Phi_p$ as described above. Notice that, since we are dealing with global dynamics, in the last case it is enough to study the qualitative properties of the fixed point $\overline{X}_0$ of the full composition $\Phi_p$ since it determines completely the dynamics of the $p-$periodic equation (\[TDDS\]). The other cases follow in a similar fashion. We point out that the non-autonomous periodic difference equation (\[TDDS\]) does not generate a discrete (semi)dynamical system [@ESUAE] as it may not satisfy the (semi)group property. One of the most effective ways of converting the non-autonomous difference equation (\[TDDS\]) into a genuine discrete (semi)dynamical system is the construction of the associated skew-product system as described in a series of papers by Elaydi and Sacker [@ElSa2005; @ElSa2005a; @ESUAE; @ES2006]. It is noteworthy to mention that this idea was originally used to study non-autonomous differential equations by Sacker and Sell [@SS1977]. We are now in position to extend the results of the previous section to the $p-$periodic equation (\[TDDS\]). Recall that we are assuming that $F_{n+p}=F_n$ for all $n=0,1,2,\dots$, in the described conditions. \[main\_th\_FP\] Let $\mathbf{X}^*$ to be a common fixed point of the periodic sequence of continuous $C^1$ triangular maps $F_n$ with $F_n: I^k \rightarrow I^k$ such that each fixed point $\mathbf{X}^*$ is a locally stable fixed point of $F_n|_{W^c_{loc} (\mathbf{x}^*)}$. Then every orbit in $I^k$ of the $p-$periodic Equation (\[TDDS\]) converge to a fixed point if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period $2$. The proof follows the techniques employed in the proof of Theorem \[main\_th\_BEL\] presented in [@BELTriangular2014] by considering that in each fiber $\mathbb{F}_i$, $i=0,1,2\ldots,p-1$ (here each fiber is a simple copy of our space $I^k$), there exists a subsequence $n_j$, $j=1,2,\ldots, k$ where the dynamics holds in each coordinate map $f_{j,i}$. In the case that Equation (\[TDDS\]) possesses a cycle $\mathcal{C}_q$, we follow a similar idea as before, considering that in each fiber $\mathbb{F}_{i+l}$, $i=0,1,\ldots, q-1$ and $l=0,q,2q,\ldots,mq-1$, there exists a subsequence $n_j$, $j=1,2,\ldots, k$, where the dynamics holds in each coordinate map $f_{j,i}$. \[main\_th\_ICy\] Let $mq=p$ and for $j=0,1,\ldots,m$ assume that $\Phi_{qj,i}: I^k \rightarrow I^k$ is a continuous $C^1$ triangular map such that each fixed point $\overline{X}_i$, $i=0,1,\ldots, q-1$, of $\Phi_{qj,i}$ is a locally stable fixed point of $\Phi_{qj,i}|_{W^c_{loc} (\overline{X}_i)}$. Then every orbit in $I^k$ of the $p-$periodic Equation (\[TDDS\]) converge to a $q-$periodic cycle $\mathcal{C}_q=\{\overline{X}_i,\overline{X}_{i+1},\ldots,\overline{X}_{i+q-1}\}$ if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period greater than $q$. In the case of a geometric $p-$periodic cycle $\mathcal{C}_p$ we have the following result. \[main\_th\_PTM\] Let $\Phi_{p,i}: I^k \rightarrow I^k$ be a continuous $C^1$ triangular map such that each fixed point $\overline{X}_i$, $i=0,1,\ldots, p-1$ of $\Phi_{p,i}$ is a locally stable fixed point of $\Phi_{p,i}|_{W^c_{loc} (\overline{X}_i)}$. Then every orbit in $I^k$ of the $p-$periodic Equation (\[TDDS\]) converge to a geometric $p-$periodic cycle $\mathcal{C}_p=\{\overline{X}_i,\overline{X}_{i+1},\ldots,\overline{X}_{i+p-1}\}$ if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period greater that $p$. Let us consider the autonomous difference equation $X_{n+1}=\Phi_{p,i}(X_n)$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$ and $i=0,1,\ldots, p-1$. Since $\Phi_{p,i}$ is a continuous $C^1$ triangular map whose fixed point $\overline{X}_i$ is locally stable fixed point of $\Phi_{p,i}|_{W^c_{loc} (\overline{X}_i)}$, it follows by Theorem \[main\_th\_BEL\] that in each fiber $\mathbb{F}_i$, $i=0,1,\ldots, p-1$, every orbit of $X_{n+1}=\Phi_{p,i}(X_n)$ converges to a fixed point $\overline{X}_i$ if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period $2$. Since the fixed point $\overline{X}_i$ of $\Phi_{p,i}$ is a periodic point with period $p$ of the $p-$periodic equation $X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$, i.e., the fixed point $\overline{X}_i$ of $\Phi_{p,i}$ generates a geometric cycle of the form $\mathcal{C}_p=\{\overline{X}_i,\overline{X}_{i+1},\ldots,\overline{X}_{i+p-1}\}$, then the above conclusion is equivalent to say that every orbit in $\mathbb{F}_i$, $i=0,1,\ldots, p-1$ of $X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$, converge to a $p-$periodic point if and only if there are no periodic orbits of prime period greater than $p$. \[rGS\] 1. If we assume uniqueness of $\mathbf{X}^*$ in Theorem \[main\_th\_FP\], then $\mathbf{X}^*$ is globally asymptotically stable if and only if $X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$ has no periodic orbits of prime period two. 2. If we assume uniqueness of $\mathcal{C}_q$ in Theorem \[main\_th\_ICy\], then $\mathcal{C}_q$ is globally asymptotically stable if and only if the map $\Phi_{qj,i}$, $i=0,1,\ldots, q-1$ and $j=1,2,\ldots,m$, has no periodic orbits of prime period two. 3. If we assume uniqueness of $\mathcal{C}_p$ in Theorem \[main\_th\_PTM\], then unique $p-$periodic orbit of $x_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$ is globally asymptotically stable if and only if $\Phi_{p,i}$, $i=0,1,\ldots, p-1$, has no periodic orbits of prime period two. Illustrative examples {#examples} ===================== In this section we give some illustrative examples in order to show the ideas presented in the previous section and the effectiveness of our tools. Triangular periodic Leslie-Gower competition model {#PTLG} -------------------------------------------------- Let us consider the non-autonomous triangular map $F_n: \mathbb{R}_+^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}_+^2$ given by $$\label{eq:Leslie_Gower} F_n(x, y)=\left(\frac{\displaystyle \mu K_nx}{\displaystyle K_n+(\mu - 1)x}, \frac{\displaystyle \alpha L_n y}{\displaystyle L_n+(\alpha-1)y+\beta x}\right),$$ where $\mu, \alpha >1$, $0<\beta<1$ and $K_n, L_n >0$. In order to have periodicity of the equation $$X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)\label{PEQ}$$ let us assume that $K_{n+2}=K_n$ and $L_{n+2}=L_n$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. Hence, the non-autonomous equation (\[PEQ\]) is $2-$periodic. Notice that the orbits of $F_n$ are bounded since $\frac{\mu K_n x}{K_n+(\mu-1)x}<\frac{\mu K_n x}{(\mu-1)x}=\frac{\mu K_n}{\mu-1}$ and $\frac{ \alpha L_n y}{L_n+(\alpha-1)y+\beta x}<\frac{ \alpha L_n y}{ (\alpha-1)y}=\frac{\alpha L_n}{\alpha-1}$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. It is a straightforward computation to see that: 1. $O=(0,0)$ is a fixed point of Equation (\[PEQ\]); 2. $\mathcal{E}_x=\left\{(\overline{x}_0,0),(\overline{x}_1,0)\right\}=\left\{\left(\frac{K_0 K_1 (\mu +1)}{K_0 \mu +K_1},0\right),\left(\frac{K_0 K_1 (\mu +1)}{K_1 \mu +K_0},0\right)\right\}$ is an exclusion $2-$periodic cycle Equation (\[PEQ\]) on the $x-$axis; 3. $\mathcal{E}_y=\left\{(0,\overline{y}_1),(0,\overline{y}_2)\right\}=\left\{\left(0,\frac{(\alpha +1) L_0 L_1}{\alpha L_0+L_1}\right),\left(0,\frac{(\alpha +1) L_0 L_1}{\alpha L_1+L_0}\right)\right\}$ is an exclusion $2-$periodic cycle of Equation (\[PEQ\]) on the $y-$axis; 4. $\mathcal{C}_2=\left\{\left(\overline{x}_0,\overline{Y}_0\right),\left(\overline{x}_1,\overline{Y}_1\right)\right\}$ is a coexistence $2-$periodic cycle of Equation (\[PEQ\]). where $\overline{Y}_0$ and $\overline{Y}_1$ are given by $$\overline{Y}_0=\frac{\left(\alpha ^2-1\right) K_1^2 \mu L_0 L_1-A K_0^2 -B K_1 K_0 }{(\alpha -1) \left(K_0 \mu +K_1\right) \left(K_0 \left(\beta K_1 (\mu +1)+\alpha L_0+L_1\right)+K_1 \mu \left(\alpha L_0+L_1\right)\right)}$$ and $$\overline{Y}_1=\frac{\left(\alpha ^2-1\right) K_1^2 \mu L_0 L_1-A K_0^2 -B K_1 K_0 }{(\alpha -1) \left(K_1 \mu +K_0\right) \left(K_0 \left(\beta K_1 (\mu +1)+\mu \left(\alpha L_1+L_0\right)\right)+K_1 \left(\alpha L_1+L_0\right)\right)}$$ with $$A=\beta ^2 K_1^2 (\mu +1)^2+\beta K_1 (\mu +1) \left(\mu L_0+L_1\right)-\left(\alpha ^2-1\right) \mu L_0 L_1$$ and $$B=\beta K_1 (\mu +1) \left(\mu L_1+L_0\right)-\left(\alpha ^2-1\right) \left(\mu ^2+1\right) L_0 L_1$$ In order to guarantee that $\mathcal{C}_2$ belongs to the first quadrant we assume that $$\left(\alpha ^2-1\right) K_1^2 \mu L_0 L_1>A K_0^2 +B K_1 K_0 \label{cpc}$$ Now we will study the properties of the fixed points of the triangular composition map $\Phi_2=F_1\circ F_0$. (As observed before the map $\Phi_{2,1}=F_0\circ F_1$ leads to the same conclusions and will be omitted). From the above conclusions we see that the map $\Phi_2$ has the fixed points $O=(0,0)$, $\varepsilon_x=(\overline{x}_0,0)$, $\varepsilon_y=(0,\overline{y}_0)$ and $\mathcal{C}^*=(\overline{x}_0,\overline{Y}_0)$. The Jacobian matrix of $\Phi_2$, $J\Phi_2$, evaluated at the fixed points is $$J\Phi_2(O)=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \mu ^2 & 0 \\ 0 & \alpha ^2 \\ \end{array} \right),$$ $$J\Phi_2(\varepsilon_x)=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{\mu ^2} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{\alpha ^2 \left(\mu K_0+K_1\right) \left(K_0+\mu K_1\right) L_0 L_1}{\left(K_1 L_0+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+\mu L_0\right)\right) \left(\mu K_1 L_1+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+L_1\right)\right)} \\ \end{array} \right),$$ $$J\Phi_2(\varepsilon_y)=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \mu ^2 & 0 \\ -\frac{(\alpha +1) \beta \left(\alpha \mu L_0^2+\alpha (\alpha \mu +1) L_1 L_0+L_1^2\right)}{\alpha ^2 \left(\alpha L_0+L_1\right){}^2} & \frac{1}{\alpha ^2} \\ \end{array} \right)$$ and $$J\Phi_2(\mathcal{C}^*)=\left( \begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{\mu ^2} & 0 \\ ------ & \frac{\left(K_1 L_0+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+\mu L_0\right)\right) \left(\mu K_1 L_1+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+L_1\right)\right)}{\alpha ^2 \left(\mu K_0+K_1\right) \left(K_0+\mu K_1\right) L_0 L_1} \\ \end{array} \right)$$ The origin is a repeller fixed point since the spectrum of the matrix $J\Phi_2(0)$ is outside the unit disk. Since $\frac{1}{\alpha}<1<\mu$, it follows that the fixed point $\varepsilon_y$ is a saddle. After some algebraic manipulations, it follows from Relation (\[cpc\]) that $$\frac{\alpha ^2 \left(\mu K_0+K_1\right) \left(K_0+\mu K_1\right) L_0 L_1}{\left(K_1 L_0+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+\mu L_0\right)\right) \left(\mu K_1 L_1+K_0 \left(\beta (\mu +1) K_1+L_1\right)\right)}>1.$$ From this we conclude that the exclusion fixed point $\varepsilon_x$ is a saddle since $\frac{1}{\mu ^2}<1$. Moreover, the spectrum of the coexistence fixed point $\mathcal{C}^*$ lie inside the unit disk. We can also see that the map $\Phi_2(x,y)=(\Phi_{1,2}(x),\Phi_{2,2}(x,y))$ has a periodic orbit of prime period $2$ whenever $$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} f_{1,1}\circ f_{1,0}\circ f_{1,1}\circ f_{1,0}(x)=x \\ f_{2,1}\left\{f_{1,0}(x),f_{2,0}\left[f_{1,1}(x),f_{2,1}(f_{1,0}(x),f_{2,0}(x,y))\right]\right\}=y \end{array} \right. ,$$ where $$f_{1,n}(x)= \frac{\displaystyle \mu K_nx}{\displaystyle K_n+(\mu - 1)x}\text{ and }f_{2,n}(x,y)=\frac{\displaystyle \alpha L_n y}{\displaystyle L_n+(\alpha-1)y+\beta x}.$$ Using a software such as Mathematica or Maple, one can verify that the solutions of the previous system are the points $O$, $\varepsilon_x$, $\varepsilon_y$ and $\mathcal{C}^*$, precisely the fixed points of the map $\Phi_2$. These computations can be done analytically, however it involves long expressions. So, we take advantage using of the software since it is able to do it algebraically. From this we conclude that there are no periodic orbits of prime period $2$ under the action of the composition operator $\Phi_2$. Since the hypotheses of Theorem \[main\_th\_PTM\] are satisfied, every orbit converges to a fixed point of $\Phi_2$ which is a geometric $2-$periodic cycle of Equation (\[PEQ\]). Moreover, since $\mathcal{C}^*$ is the unique fixed point of $\Phi_2$ in the interior of the first quadrant and all the eigenvalues lies in the interior of the unique disk, it follows by remark \[rGS\] that $\mathcal{C}_2$ is a globally asymptotically stable $2-$periodic cycle of Equation (\[PEQ\]) with respect to the interior of the first quadrant. Triangular periodic Logistic-Type Map ------------------------------------- Consider the non-autonomous triangular logistic-type map defined on $I^2=[0,1]^2$ given by $$F_n(x,y)=(\mu_n x(1-x),\nu_n y(1-y)x),$$ where $\mu_i>0$ and $\nu_i>0$, for all $i=0,1,2,\ldots$. Each individual map $F_i$, $i=0,1,2,\ldots$, has the following fixed points $$E_0=(0,0),~E_{1,i}=\left(\frac{\mu_i-1}{\mu_i},0\right)\text{ and }E_{2,i}=\left(\frac{\mu_i-1}{\mu_i},\frac{\mu_i+(1-\mu_i)\nu_i}{(1-\mu_i)\nu_i}\right).$$ In Table \[tifpoints\] is presented the regions of local stability, in the parameter space, of the individual fixed points of the maps $F_i$. Individual fixed point Region of local stability ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------- $E_{0}$ $\mu _{i}\leq 1$ $E_{1,i}$ $1<\mu _{i}\leq 3~~\wedge~~\dfrac{\mu_i-1}{\mu_i}\nu_i\leq 1 $ $E_{2,i}$ $1<\mu _{i}\leq 3~~\wedge~~1<\dfrac{\mu_i-1}{\mu_i}\nu_i\leq 3$ : Regions, in the parameter space, of local stability of the fixed points $E_0$, $E_{1,i}$ and $E_{2,i}$, $i=0,1,2,\ldots$ of each individual the triangular logistic map.[]{data-label="tifpoints"} Notice that the orbits of $F_n$ are bounded since $\mu_nx(1-x)\leq\frac{\mu_n}{4}$ and $\nu_ny(1-y)x\leq\frac{\mu_i\nu_i}{16}$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. Now, let us consider, for simplicity, the periodicity of the equation by taking $\mu_{n+2}=\mu_n$ and $\nu_{n+2}=\nu_n$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. This implies that the non-autonomous equation $$X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)\label{PLE}$$ is $2-$periodic since the sequence of maps $F_n$ is $2-$periodic. In order to study the dynamics of Equation (\[PLE\]) we will consider the composition map $\Phi_2=F_1\circ F_0$. It is a straightforward computation to see that, the fixed points of $\Phi_2$ are: 1. $\mathcal{E}_0=(0,0)$; 2. $\mathcal{E}_1=(x^*,0)= \left(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2^2} \sqrt[3]{\Delta_1+3 \sqrt{3} \sqrt{\Delta_2}}}{6\mu _0^2 \mu _1}-\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2} \left(\mu _0-3\right) \mu _0 \mu _1}{3\sqrt[3]{\Delta_1+3 \sqrt{3} \sqrt{\Delta_2}}},0\right)$; 3. $\mathcal{E}_2=(x^*,y^*)$ where $$\Delta_1=2 \mu _1^3 \mu _0^6-9 \mu _1^3 \mu _0^5+27 \mu _1^2 \mu _0^4,$$ $$\Delta_2=\mu _0^8 \mu _1^4 \left(\left(4-\mu _1\right) \mu _1 \mu _0^2-2 \mu _1 \left(9-2 \mu _1\right) \mu _0+27\right),$$ and $$y^*=\Psi(\mu_0,\mu_1,\nu_0,\nu_1):=\Psi.$$ Since $\Psi$ involves a long expression, we omit it here. We point out that it can be obtained explicitly by using a software such as Mathematica or Maple. Notice that $x^*$ is real whenever $\Delta_2\geq 0$, i.e., whenever $\left(4-\mu _1\right) \mu _1 \mu _0^2-2 \mu _1 \left(9-2 \mu _1\right) \mu _0+27\geq 0$ (see Figure \[fig:Log\_real\]). ![Part of the region, in the parameter space $\mu_0O\mu_1$, where where the fixed point $x^*$ of $\Phi_2$ is real, i.e., the region where the following inequality is verified $\left(4-\mu _1\right) \mu _1 \mu _0^2-2 \mu _1 \left(9-2 \mu _1\right) \mu _0+27\geq 0$.[]{data-label="fig:Log_real"}](Logistic_real.png) ![Region of local stability, in the parameter space $\mu_0O\mu_1$, of the fixed points of the $2-$periodic triangular logistic model. In the gray region the fixed point $\mathcal{E}_0$ is locally asymptotically stable while in the black region the fixed point $\mathcal{E}_1$ is locally asymptotically stable. In this second fixed point we consider $\nu_0=\nu_1=0.5$.[]{data-label="fig:Logistic"}](Logistic.png) Now, the spectrum of the Jacobian matrices of $\Phi_2$ evaluated at the fixed points is given by $\sigma_{\mathcal{E}_0}=\{0,\mu_0\mu_1\}$, $$\sigma_{\mathcal{E}_1}=\{\mu_0\mu_1(1+2x^*)(1-2\mu_0x^*(x^*-1)),\mu_0(x^*)^2(1-x^*)\nu_0\nu_1\}$$ and $$\sigma_{\mathcal{E}_2}=\{\mu_0\mu_1(1+2x^*)(1-2\mu_0x^*(x^*-1)), \mu_0(x^*)^2(1-x^*)\nu_0\nu_1(1-2\Psi)(1+2\Psi(\Psi-1)x^*\nu_0) \}.$$ By considering parameters values as shown in Table \[tpfpoints\], we know that each fixed point $\mathcal{E}_i$, $i=0,1,2$ is locally asymptotically stable. In Figure \[fig:Logistic\] is presented the region of local stability, in the parameter space $\mu_0O\mu_1$, of the fixed points $\mathcal{E}_0$ and $\mathcal{E}_1$. Let us now look how Theorem \[main\_th\_PTM\] establishes the global dynamics of the fixed points $\mathcal{E}_i$, $i=0,1,2$. Indeed, in order to apply Theorem \[main\_th\_PTM\], it suffices to show that there are no periodic points, i.e., the solutions of the equation $$\Phi_2\circ\Phi_2(x,y)=(x,y),$$ or equivalently $$F_1\circ F_0\circ F_1\circ F_0(x,y)=(x,y),$$ are exactly the fixed points $\mathcal{E}_i$, $i=0,1,2$, when the parameters are restricted to the region established in Table \[tpfpoints\]. [c|c]{} Fixed point & Region of local stability\ $\mathcal{E}_0$ & $\mu_0\mu _{1}< 1$\ $\mathcal{E}_1$ & $\mu_0\mu_1(1+2x^*)|1-2\mu_0x^*(x^*-1)|< 1~~\wedge~~\mu_0(x^*)^2|1-x^*|\nu_0\nu_1< 1$\ $\mathcal{E}_2$ & ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $\mu_0\mu_1(1+2x^*)|1-2\mu_0x^*(x^*-1)|< 1~~\wedge$ $\mu_0(x^*)^2|1-x^*|\nu_0\nu_1|(1-2\Psi)(1+2\Psi(\Psi-1)x^*\nu_0)|< 1$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Regions, in the parameter space, of local stability of the fixed points $\mathcal{E}_i$, $i=0,1,2$ of the triangular logistic map $\Phi_2$.[]{data-label="tpfpoints"} \ Unfortunately, we are not able to solve explicitly the previous equation. At this stage the computations are able only by numerical methods. Using a software such as Mathematica or Maple one can see that $(0,0)$, $(x^*,0)$ and $(x^*,\Psi)$ are solutions of the equation. There are however solutions of some polynomial equation. Numerical computations shows that the solutions of this polynomial equation are not real under the conditions of local stability expressed in Table \[tpfpoints\]. Hence, if one assumes that this polynomial has no real roots whenever the parameters belongs to the stability region defined in Table \[tpfpoints\], then the map $\Phi_2$ has no periodic points of minimal period $2$. Moreover, all the fixed points $\mathcal{E}_i$, $i=0,1,2$ are hyperbolic and the hypotheses of Theorem \[main\_th\_PTM\] are verified. Hence, we conclude that every orbit converges to a fixed point under the action of the composition $\Phi_2$ which is a periodic point of period $2$ of the non-autonomous equation $X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$. Moreover, since $\mathcal{E}_2$ is the unique fixed point of $\Phi_2$ in the interior of $I^2$, it follows that the non-autonomous equation $X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)$ has a globally asymptotically stable $2-$periodic orbit in the interior of $I^2$. Triangular periodic exponential type model ------------------------------------------ Let us consider the non-autonomous difference equation $$X_{n+1}=F_n(X_n)\label{NADE}$$ where the sequence of triangular maps $F_n: \mathbb{R}_+^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}_+^2$ are given by $$\label{eq:ricker} F_n(x, y)=\left(xe^{r_n(1-x)},ye^{s_n(1-y-\mu x)}\right),$$ where $0<r_n\leq 2$ and $0<s_n\leq 2$, for all $n$. In order to have periodicity let us assume that $r_{n+3}=r_n$ and $s_{n+2}=s_n$, for all $n=0,1,2,\ldots$. Hence, the non-autonomous equation (\[NADE\]) is $6-$periodic. Notice that all orbits in (\[NADE\]) are bounded since $xe^{r_n(1-x)}\leq \frac{1}{r_n}e^{r_n-1}$ and $ye^{s_n(1-y-\mu x)}\leq \frac{1}{s_n}e^{s_n-1}$, for all $n$. It is a straightforward computation to see that $O=(0,0)$, $\varepsilon_x=(1,0)$, $\varepsilon_y=(0,1)$ and $\mathcal{C}^*=(1,1-\mu)$ are common fixed points of all the maps $F_n$. Moreover, $O$ is a repeller fixed point, $\varepsilon_x=(1,0)$ and $\varepsilon_y=(0,1)$ are saddle and the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix $JF_i$ evaluated at the fixed point $\mathcal{C}^*$ lie inside the unit disk when $$0<s_i(1-\mu)\leq 2, ~~i=0,1.$$ Moreover, computations shows that there are no $2-$periodic cycles in Equation (\[NADE\]) since the solutions of $F_{i+1}\circ F_i(x,y)=(x,y)$, $i=0,1,\ldots,5$, are the fixed points of each individual map $F_i$. Consequently, by Theorem \[main\_th\_FP\] every orbit in Equation (\[NADE\]) converges to a fixed point. Moreover, since $\mathcal{C}^*$ is the unique fixed point in the interior of the first quadrant, it follows by remark \[rGS\] that $\mathcal{C}^*$ is globally asymptotically stable fixed point with respect to the interior of the first quadrant. A suitable generalization of this model leads to the same conclusions. For instance, if we consider the sequence of triangular maps as follow $$F_n(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=(x_1e^{r_{1,n}(1-x_1)},x_2e^{r_{2,n}(1-x_2-\mu_1x_1)},\ldots,x_ke^{r_{k,n}(1-x_k-\sum_{j=1}^{k-1}\mu_jx_j)})$$ where for each $j=1,2,\ldots,k$ we have $r_{j,n+p_j}=r_{j,n}$ such that $0<r_{j,n}\leq 2$, then the $p-$periodic difference equation $X_{n+1}=F_n(n)$, with $p=lcm(p_1,\ldots,p_k)$, has a globally asymptotically stable fixed point of the form $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{C}^*&=&\left(1,1-\mu_1,\prod_{i=1}^{2}(1-\mu_i),\ldots,\prod_{i=1}^{k-1}(1-\mu_i)\right)\\\end{aligned}$$ with respect to the interior of the first orthant of $\mathbb{R}^k_+$ whenever $$\begin{aligned} 0&<&r_{1,n_1}\leq 2,~~\text{ for all }n_1=0,1,2,\ldots,p_1-1\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned} 0&<&r_{j,n_j}\prod_{i=1}^{j-1}(1-\mu_i)\leq 2,\end{aligned}$$ for all $n_j=0,1,2,\ldots,p_j-1$ and $j=2,3,\ldots,k$. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ This work was partially supported by FCT/Portugal through project PEst-OE/EEI/LA0009/2013 [99]{} Laila Assas, Brian Dennis, Saber Elaydi, Eddy Kwessi, and George Livadiotis. Hierarchical competition models with the allee effect ii: the case of immigration. , 9(1):288–316, 2015. PMID: 26394840. Laila Assas, Saber Elaydi, Eddy Kwessi, George Livadiotis, and David Ribble. Hierarchical competition models with allee effects. , 9(sup1):32–44, 2015. PMID: 24916355. E. Cabral Balreira, Saber Elaydi, and Rafael Luís. Global dynamics of triangular maps. , 104:75 – 83, 2014. Anna Cima, Armengol Gasull, and Víctor Ma [n]{}osa. Basin of attraction of triangular maps with applications. , 20(3):423–437, 2014. W. A. Coppel. The solution of equations by iteration. , 51(01):41–43, 1955. S. Elaydi. . Chapman and Hall/CRC, second edition, 2008. S. Elaydi and R. Sacker. Global stability of periodic orbits of nonautonomous difference equations and populations biology. , 208:258–273, 2005. S. Elaydi and R. Sacker. Nonautonomous beverton-holt equations and the cushing-henson conjectures. , 11(4-5):337–346, 2005. S. Elaydi and R. Sacker. Skew-product dynamical systems: Applications to difference equations. , 2005. S. Elaydi and R. Sacker. Periodic difference equations, population biology and the cushing-henson conjectures. , 201:195–207, 2006. F. Balibrea Gallego, J.L. García Guirao, and J.I. Muñoz Casado. On $\omega-$limit sets of triangular maps on the unit cube. , 9(3-4):289–304, 2003. P. Kloeden. On sharkovsky’s cycle coexistence ordering. , 20:171–177, 1979. Clark Robinson. . CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, second edition, 1999. R. Sacker and J. Sell. Lifting properties in skew-product flows with applications to differential equations. , 11(190), 1977. A. N. Sharkovsky. Coexistence of cycles of a continuous map of the line into itself (in russian). , 16:61–71, 1964. A. N. Sharkovsky. Coexistence of cycles of a continuous map of the line into itself. , 05:1263–1273, 1995. [^1]: [email protected] [^2]: Sharkovsky’s Theorem was established in 1964 by Alexander Sharkovsky in Russian [@Shark1964], and later translated to English by J. Tolosa in 1995 [@Shark1995]. It has played a role of paramount importance in the dynamics of one-dimensional maps. | Mid | [
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Q: Genshi auto load css/js need exclude specific file I'm making a bootstrap theme for Trac installation. This is my first time using Genshi so please be patient :) So I've following: <head py:match="head" py:attrs="select('@*')"> ${select('*|comment()|text()')} <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="${chrome.htdocs_location}css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="${chrome.htdocs_location}css/style.css" /> </head> This loads my custom css, but JS/css that trac needs to use. So result is this: <link rel="help" href="/pixelperfect/wiki/TracGuide" /> <link rel="start" href="/pixelperfect/wiki" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/pixelperfect/chrome/common/css/trac.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/pixelperfect/chrome/common/css/wiki.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/pixelperfect/chrome/common/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/pixelperfect/chrome/common/css/style.css" /> All is good, except that I would like to exclude trac.css out of there completely. So my question is twofold: 1. How does genshi know what to load? Where is the manfest of all css/js files that it displays. 2. Is it genshi or python doing this? Any help and relevant reading appreciated! :) Thanks! A: On 1: The information on CSS files is accumulated in the 'links' dictionary of a request's Chrome property (req.chrome['links']), for JS files it is the 'scripts' dictionary. See add_link and add_script functions from trac.web.chrome respectively. The default style sheet is added to the Chrome object directly. See the add_stylesheet call in trac.web.chrome.Chrome.prepare_request() method. On 2: Its part of the Request object, that is processed by Genshi. Preparation is done in Python anyway, but it is in the Trac Python scripts domain rather than in Genshi Python scripts. | High | [
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740 F.2d 952 Colonv.Secretary of Health and Human Services 83-1834 United States Court of Appeals,First Circuit. 5/9/84 1 D.P.R. VACATED AND REMANDED | Low | [
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// Copyright (c) 2003-present, Jodd Team (http://jodd.org) // All rights reserved. // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: // // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, // this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the // documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE // ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE // LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR // CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF // SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN // CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) // ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE // POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. package jodd.madvoc; import jodd.madvoc.filter.ActionFilter; import jodd.madvoc.interceptor.ActionInterceptor; import jodd.madvoc.path.ActionNamingStrategy; import jodd.madvoc.result.ActionResult; /** * Common configuration for actions. */ public interface ActionConfig { Class<? extends ActionResult> getActionResult(); /** * Returns the list of interceptors of this action. */ Class<? extends ActionInterceptor>[] getInterceptors(); /** * Returns the list of filters over this action. */ Class<? extends ActionFilter>[] getFilters(); /** * Returns a list of action method names that can be ignored. */ String[] getActionMethodNames(); /** * Returns naming strategy used when created a mapping to an action path. */ Class<? extends ActionNamingStrategy> getNamingStrategy(); } | Low | [
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[Practical chemistry education provided by team-based learning (TBL) and peer evaluation]. Learning chemistry is cumulative: basic knowledge and chemical calculation skills are required to gain understanding of higher content. However, we often suffer from students' lack of learning skills to acquire these concepts. One of the reasons is the lack of adequate training in the knowledge and skills of chemistry, and one of the reasons for this lack is the lack of adequate evaluation of training procedures and content. Team-based learning (TBL) is a strong method for providing training in the knowledge and skills of chemistry and reaffirms the knowledge and skills of students of various levels. In our faculty, TBL exercises are provided for first-year students concurrently with lectures in physical chemistry and analytical chemistry. In this study, we researched the adoption of a peer evaluation process for this participatory learning model. Questionnaires taken after TBL exercises in the previous year showed a positive response to TBL. Further, a questionnaire taken after TBL exercises in the spring semester of the current year also yielded a positive response not only to TBL but also to peer evaluation. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the improvement of students' grades in chemistry classes and the feeling the percentage (20%) of peer evaluation in overall evaluation low (logistic regression analysis, p=0.022). On the basis of the findings, we argue that TBL provides a generic, practical learning environment including an effective focus on learning strategy and evaluation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and studies on the educational effects of TBL and peer evaluation. | High | [
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You may have seen the tobacco and alcohol prevention stickers, posters or ads, but do you really know who is behind Health Media Club and all these ads? Tobacco Prevention Coordinator Belinda Ballah works with youth from Wy’east Middle School, Hood River Middle School and Hood River Valley High School to teach them about tobacco and alcohol prevention. Ballah has been involved with the Hood River County Commission on Children and Families for a long time. “My husband and I were involved with the Faith Connection. It’s a coalition that they have as part of the Commission on Children and Families that started ten years ago,” said Ballah, “and my husband was a youth pastor at the Hood River Alliance church at the time, and I became the liaison for the church and the Faith Connection. So I came in, and I worked with these guys a lot.” Ballah and her husband ended up leaving town for five years, and when they returned, she decided to visit her friends at the commission. “They said, ‘You know, there’s a job opening and perhaps you would like to apply,’ so I did,” Ballah said, describing the conversation she that occurred during her visit. “They interviewed me, and I got the job! I’ve always been involved with working with kids, so I was like, ‘Okay, I can work with kids. This is fantastic.’” As her title suggests, Ballah’s job is to prevent the use of tobacco and alcohol, especially with children. She receives state funding to complete the requirements that have been put into effect. The Health Media Club is one of the larger projects she runs. The club does a lot of events to promote a message of prevention to the community, including making public service announcements, “bottle-tagging” and working on ads and posters. “The main purpose of this is to just help kids understand the media and how we can influence media; how the media influences us,” said Ballah, “and then how we can go out into our community and help to make policy changes that will strengthen our laws against alcohol use for underage drinking, tobacco use, that sort of thing.” The public service announcements, of which the Health Media Club has done six of this year, focus on making sure that adults know what their kids are doing with drugs and alcohol. They also inform kids about the dangers that are involved with drugs and alcohol. Every PSA is in both English and Spanish. “We have a huge population of Spanish-speaking people,” said Ballah, “and I think that it is just as important them to hear the messages as it is for the people who speak English.” “Thirty percent of the population in our whole county is Hispanic, and 45 percent of the births,” added Joella Dethman, who has been working at the Commission on Children and Families for 20 years. Theater ads are also something that the Health Media Club works on, and Ballah is proud of one in particular. “This one was playing, and the World Health Organization got a hold of it, and they put it on their website, so it went worldwide, which is pretty exciting.” The theater ad features three HRVHS students standing in an outline of Oregon and the messages, “81 percent of HRVHS 11th graders choose not to use marijuana. We’re proud to be a state that didn’t legalize marijuana.” “We always try to frame the message that we’re putting out into the community in a positive light,” said Ballah. That was the reason that the Health Media Club decided to say that 81 percent of HRVHS 11th graders chose not to use marijuana instead of saying that only 19 percent did. Another project that Ballah is in charge of and that the Health Media Club helps her with is “bottle-tagging.” “Super Bowl Sunday we go out into the stores. We ask permission to do what’s called ‘bottle-tagging’ or ‘sticker shock,’” Ballah said. “We went in and placed stickers in all of the boxes of beer.” Stores in which you might see or have seen these stickers are Rosauers and Safeway. The stickers serve as a reminder to adults that buying alcohol for minors has consequences with the law. Students in the Health Media Club have also been part of a kind of “pop quiz” for retailers that sell tobacco. Members of the club who look like they could possibly be 18 walk in and attempt to buy tobacco. “It’s kind of a courtesy,” said Ballah, “to help remind (the retailers) that they need to check for I.D.” Oftentimes, a week later the state comes in to perform an actual test, and if the clerk fails the test that time, the retailer can be fined. A preventative video on binge drinking will be shown before Movies at the Park, and at events like that, Ballah helps the Health Media Club make assessments that evaluate the general state of prevention awareness, passing out surveys before the video as a pre-assessment and then passing out surveys after the video as a post-assessment. Working with children is something that Ballah enjoys. “It’s fresh to see that (youth) don’t look at it as ‘That may not be possible,’” said Ballah. “In young people’s minds, why isn’t it possible to do this? This is right — and let’s go for it. “I get kind of giddy when I get to work with kids. I go away from working them, and I’m like, ‘Yes! We can do it! We can do it!’ It’s just really empowering to watch what (youth) can do.” Ballah has also been involved with the new policy that the County has put into effect. Her work plan from the state underscores her job to prevent the exposure of people to secondhand smoking, and the new policy is a reflection of her working to do just that with the community. “This spring has been quite busy because the County, on May 20, went tobacco- and smoke-free, which includes the County buildings, their properties, their parks, the forest,” said Ballah. “After they went tobacco smoke-free, the library district adopted a tobacco smoke-free policy, and just last night, the Parks and Recreation District adopted the smoke-free policy. “It seems that this community is really moving forward. Our social norm is moving to, ‘No thanks, we don’t want that.’” “You got to get to the root cause,” added Dethman, “and tobacco is one of the main root causes of disease and early death.” To get the County to pass the policy, Ballah spoke with Parks District Director Lori Stirn. Stirn told her that Parks and Rec. would like to adopt the policy, but they wanted to see the County adopt it first. “It was quite smooth,” said Ballah. “Once the county decided to go tobacco smoke-free, I contacted her, and she said, ‘OK, I’m going to put you on the agenda for June and come on out.’” Ballah didn’t go alone. “We didn’t have to make much of a presentation,” said Ballah. “They really wanted to do it.” The policy is not enforced, but Ballah and Dethman hope that people will self-enforce after they see the signs. Also, they believe that the community will do their best to respect and follow the new policies. The signs will also include the phone number of a place that will help people who wish to quit smoking get the help they need. Another thing that Ballah and the Commission on Children and Families are working on is getting the state senate to raise taxes on tobacco, knowing that the high cost will make people think twice about buying tobacco products. Oregon hasn’t raised the tax on tobacco in many years. n During the summer, Ballah will be working with the Health Media Club and the summer school at Mid Valley Elementary School to paint a mural that will go up on the backside of the Wy’east stadium. The painting begins this Monday, July 1, at Mid Valley Elementary School at 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will continue on for the next two weeks. The message will focus on telling the community that the middle school is a drug- and alcohol-free zone. You can find more information on the Health Media Club Facebook page: Hood River Prevents. | Mid | [
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"""set inbox folder exposed name Revision ID: 52a9a976a2e0 Revises: 40629415951c Create Date: 2014-05-15 22:57:47.913610 """ # revision identifiers, used by Alembic. revision = '52a9a976a2e0' down_revision = '40629415951c' from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base def upgrade(): from inbox.models.session import session_scope from inbox.ignition import main_engine engine = main_engine(pool_size=1, max_overflow=0) Base = declarative_base() Base.metadata.reflect(engine) class Folder(Base): __table__ = Base.metadata.tables['folder'] with session_scope(versioned=False) as db_session: for folder in db_session.query(Folder).filter( Folder.name == 'Inbox'): folder.public_id = 'inbox' folder.exposed_name = 'inbox' db_session.commit() def downgrade(): pass | Low | [
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- /* * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ --> <resources> <style name="TextHeadline" parent="@android:style/TextAppearance.DeviceDefault.DialogWindowTitle" > <item name="android:textFontWeight">400</item> </style> </resources> | Low | [
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#ifndef CAFFE_UTIL_DB_HPP #define CAFFE_UTIL_DB_HPP #include <string> #include "caffe/common.hpp" #include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h" namespace caffe { namespace db { enum Mode { READ, WRITE, NEW }; #define MAX_BUF 104857600 // max entry size class Cursor { public: explicit Cursor(const string& path) { this->path_ = path; in_ = NULL; SeekToFirst(); } virtual ~Cursor() { if (in_ != NULL && in_->is_open()) { in_->close(); delete in_; in_ = NULL; } } virtual void SeekToFirst(); virtual void Next(); virtual string key() { CHECK(valid()) << "not valid state at key()"; return key_; } virtual string value() { CHECK(valid()) << "not valid state at value()"; return value_; } virtual bool valid() { return valid_; } private: string path_; std::ifstream* in_; bool valid_; string key_, value_; }; class Transaction { public: explicit Transaction(std::ofstream* out) { this->out_ = out; } virtual void Put(const string& key, const string& value); virtual void Commit() { out_->flush(); } private: std::ofstream* out_; DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Transaction); }; class DB { public: DB() { out_ = NULL; can_write_ = false;} virtual ~DB() { Close(); } virtual void Open(const string& source, Mode mode) { path_ = source; this->can_write_ = mode != db::READ; } virtual void Close() { if (out_ != NULL) { out_->close(); delete out_; out_ = NULL; } } virtual Cursor* NewCursor() { return new Cursor(this->path_); } virtual Transaction* NewTransaction(); private: string path_; std::ofstream* out_; bool can_write_; }; } // namespace db } // namespace caffe #endif // CAFFE_UTIL_DB_HPP | Mid | [
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Q: Postgres: convert single row to multiple rows (unpivot) I have a table: Table_Name: price_list --------------------------------------------------- | id | price_type_a | price_type_b | price_type_c | --------------------------------------------------- | 1 | 1234 | 5678 | 9012 | | 2 | 3456 | 7890 | 1234 | | 3 | 5678 | 9012 | 3456 | --------------------------------------------------- I need a select query in Postgres which gives result like this: --------------------------- | id | price_type | price | --------------------------- | 1 | type_a | 1234 | | 1 | type_b | 5678 | | 1 | type_c | 9012 | | 2 | type_a | 3456 | | 2 | type_b | 7890 | | 2 | type_c | 1234 | ... Any help with links to similar examples greatly appreciated. A: A single SELECT with a LATERAL join to a VALUES expression does the job: SELECT p.id, v.* FROM price_list p , LATERAL ( VALUES ('type_a', p.price_type_a) , ('type_b', p.price_type_b) , ('type_c', p.price_type_c) ) v (price_type, price); Related: Convert one row into multiple rows with fewer columns SELECT DISTINCT on multiple columns | High | [
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Detection of CRB1 mutations in families with retinal dystrophy through phenotype-oriented mutational screening. Mutations in the crumbs homolog (CRB)1 gene are among the common causes of severe early onset retinal dystrophy. Some characteristic clinical phenotypes are frequently associated with mutations in CRB1. The aim of this study was to examine whether characteristic phenotype-directed mutational screening facilitated the detection of CRB1 mutations. The study included 22 probands with at least one of the potential CRB1-associated phenotypes for retinal dystrophy. Variants were detected using Sanger sequencing. The complete sequences of the coding and adjacent intronic regions of CRB1 were analyzed, revealing homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in CRB1 in seven of 22 probands, involving six novel (c.136delA, c.1841G>T, c.3017C>A, c.3488G>T, c.3991C>T and c.4089dupTGTTGCTT) and four known (c.2222T>C, c.2671T>G, c.3676G>T and c.4005+2T>G) mutations. The mutations were present in three of four probands with macular nummular pigmentation and in four of seven probands with early onset retinitis pigmentosa with macular involvement. The results suggested that macular nummular pigmentation is a gene-specific indication for CRB1‑associated retinal dystrophy and confirm that CRB1 mutations are also common causes of early onset retinitis pigmentosa. Identification of gene-specific phenotypes is uselful in identifying genetic defects underlying heterogeneous retinal dystrophy. | High | [
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Opening night is always an outlier. Veteran players have fresh legs, young guys are aggressive, and the home crowd is roaring pregame, postgame and during the game. Teams with low expectations, such as the Sacramento Kings, are overlooked by the league. The Kings may not be a playoff team this year, but after tonight’s outing they are sure to surprise teams every so often. The King’s started out guns blazing. Buddy Hield, after a few too many seconds of dribbling, dumped the ball to Willie Cauley-Stein only to follow up for an easy hand off for a wide open top of the key jumpshot. During a 9-0 run to start the game, they played staunch defense with a surprisingly strong Yogi Ferrell holding his own on Donovan Mitchell. Even Cauley-Stein looked engaged on the defensive end during the first quarter, boxing out Rudy Gobert and defending the paint without being over aggressive. On the offensive end the team took smart shots. There was rarely a forced shot and moved the ball fluidly, rarely sticking to anyones hands. Occasionally there were careless turnovers, at one point De’Aaron Fox passed the ball to Hield only for him to lose control of the ball and spin around only to knock it up the court for an easy Joe Ingles dunk. Newcomer Nemanja Bjelica was confident on the offensive side of the ball hitting a contested three and running the floor for a tough layup. The quick start did not last the entire half unfortunately. Utah regained their footing after the tough start and took the lead for most of the second quarter and into the half. Once the starting lineup started coming off the floor the offense became stagnant. Iman Shumpert came into the game and took a few quick shots that did not go in. After sitting out for a long period of time and being traded last season, he was looking to prove himself on the court rather than motion through the offense and take what came to him. Marvin Bagley III looked as expected, working the offensive glass and low post but was paired with either Cauley-Stein or Harry Giles to cover his shortcomings on the other side of the ball. Harry Giles was overshadowed on the court and made little impact on either side of the ball for Sacramento ending the half with 2 points, no rebounds, no assists and 3 fouls. The Kings were able to stay competitive throughout the first half but were unable to maintain their early lead, ending the half down thirteen. Picking up on the fast start, the Sacramento starters were able to play the team back into the game. The Sacramento starters consisted of Fox, Ferrell, Hield, Bjelica, and Cauley-Stein. Coach Dave Joerger allowed this lineup to stay on the floor for a majority of the third quarter and they rewarded him with energy and solid ball movement. Once again the Kings punched the Jazz in the mouth and ran the Jazz into a corner. Sacramento started a run by giving the ball to Cauley-Stein and letting him finish in the paint and energizing the crowd with high flying alley-oops. This run culminated with a pull up three by Ferrell stopping at the top of the arc and firing a quick shot on the fast break. This three gave the Kings there first lead since early in the second quarter. Things started to get chippy on the court and halfway through the quarter Jae Crowder shoved the ball into the chest of Bjelica after an aggressive reach in and whistle. Crowder and Bjelica exchanged words and Crowder was given a technical. The quarter ended with a fizzle as the referees had a long delay in play after a technical on Cauley-Stein arguing a call on Shumpert. In typical Fox fashion, De’Aaron turned on the jets in the fourth quarter. Hitting a couple shots early on to bring the Kings within a few points. Waning between falling too far behind and holding their own, Sacramento was unable to recreate their early runs at the start of the first and second half. The team was unable to take advantage of the careless turnovers made by Utah and without capitalizing on those plays kept the Kings just out of striking distance. Missing some key shots at the end of the game punished Sacramento as they were able to make the needed stops but not bring the game to a close. As time expired the Kings fell by six, the final score 123-117 a Utah win. Sacramento is tired of hearing the words moral victory but tonight was once again just that. Their is much to be proud of and more to look back on on smooth out through the season. Expected as the on-court leaders were Fox and Cauley-Stein. Fox pushed the pace throughout the game finding our bigs for easy baskets down low. Fox also pressured Utah all night holding Ricky Rubio to 1 point. Cauley-Stein finished arguably the highlight of the game, putting Gobert on the other side of a poster on a beautiful toss from Bjelica. Cauley-Stein was engaged throughout the game and held his own against a top five center in the NBA in Gobert. The best player on the court for Sacramento, I would argue was Bjelica. Each time Bjelica stepped on the court Sacramento pulled either ahead or to within a few points. Although the defensive prowess was not on display for Bjelica, he spaced the floor on offense and his timely threes provided much needed momentum for the team. Sacramento looked much more confident running coach Joergers sets and it provided for a well balanced box score for the Kings. All players in the starting lineup scored in double digits with Cauley-Stein leading the way with 23 points. Sacramento’s style took a complete 180 from the 2017-18 season. Joerger allowed the team to run the floor after putting together the slowest pace of play in the NBA last season. Coach kept a tight rotation playing ten players, with only seven playing fifteen or more minutes, as well as keeping the veterans on the bench and allowing our young pieces to play meaningful minutes. With the game over and the jitters quelled, Sacramento looks to be a competitive team with a solid foundation to build on this season. The NBA has been put on notice, Sacramento is not going to be walked over nor the laughing stock they were made out to be. | Low | [
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Continuity/Rupture: Art and Architecture in Central Europe 1918-1939 Beyond Klimt: New Horizons in Central Europe Gustav Klimt remains undoubtedly the best known artist from Vienna and, along with Egon Schiele, Otto Wagner and Koloman Moser, largely defined the public image of Vienna as a centre of modern art, design and architecture. Yet his fame has also been a problem, completely overshadowing the many other artists active in the Austrian capital in the early twentieth century. Worse, still, his death in 1918, which coincided with those of Schiele, Wagner and Moser, seemed to symbolise the artistic and political demise of Vienna. This widely accepted perception is, of course, a highly misleading image, and it is in order to challenge it that the exhibition Beyond Klimt: New Horizons in Central Europe, was staged in the Belvedere Gallery from March to August 2018. On display were works from throughout the 1920s and 1930s, intended to demonstrate that artistic life continued in the city. Indeed, in order to suggest continuities with Vienna the pre-war capital of a multi-national state, the exhibition included works from Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Croatia, all of which had been part of the former Austria-Hungary. This was a welcome attempt to counter well-established stereotypes, which even touch on the identity of the Belvedere itself; the latter has for so long been known above all for its collection of Klimt works. A number of themes came across strongly: the persistence of artistic networks despite the political disruptions of 1918; the continued fascination with Expressionism; disillusion following the experience of the First World War; the heightened prominence of women artists; the dynamism of Hungarian and Czechoslovak artists; the parallels with modernism across Europe, but with distinctively local accents. Helene Funke: Waterfall, ca. 1922Courtesy Kunsthandel Hieke Yet some of these insights seem accidental. The number of women artists exhibited was notable, a refreshing contrast to the pre-war artworld, where women appeared primarily as the subjects of images painted by men. A significant number of paintings also explored the changing gender identities of the time: Sándor Bortnyik’s New Adam (1924), for example, is a sexually ambiguous dandy. It would have been helpful if there had been commentary on these topics, especially as changing sexual identities were a central theme for artists between the wars. Political circumstances meant that many of the artists on display spent significant periods in exile, or simply emigrated, and while this was acknowledged, it would have been good for this to have been explored in depth, especially since it explains the fragmented landscape of central European modernism. Much of the exhibition focused on the succession of art historical styles and movements, which offered a useful overview, but it was a pity that as a result, the massive political and social upheavals were relegated to background information. For an exhibition about art after Klimt, there was a puzzlingly large number of works by Klimt on show. An impressive array of artists was represented, many of them unjustly neglected until now, but there were some notable gaps; amongst Austrians alone, for example, it was striking that there was no mention of Carry Hauser and Rudolf Schatz. Such omissions were symptomatic, for the organisers seemed not to have quite settled on the overall narrative of the exhibition as a whole. The handsome exhibition catalogue, in keeping with the usual high standards of Belvedere publications, contained some good essays, with an excellent historical introduction by Arnold Suppan. It easy to question curatorial choices, and undoubtedly the organisers were facing a massive task. The drawbacks of the exhibition reflected the difficulty of its goal: to offer a history of art after the collapse of the Habsburg Empire that avoided falling into the trap of merely writing accounts of the art of the individual states that emerged out of its ruins. This is the most difficult project of all, and while this particular exhibition did not quite live up to its ambitions, the Belvedere has to be commended for staging it, for it raised important questions not only about art in the aftermath of the First World War, but also about the stories we might wish to tell about it. | Mid | [
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Post navigation How the Camera Battery Should Help Determine What Camera You Pick When buying a digital camera you need to know not only about the camera, but the camera battery. The camera won’t be any good unless it has a camera battery to power it. Before you buy any camera (or buy one as a gift), be sure you know all about the camera battery. What Kind Of Batteries Does The Camera Take? You need to know what kind of camera batteries any camera takes. Does the camera take a brand-specific camera battery or does it take a general size of battery? For example, a lot of traditional automatic cameras run on AA or AAA batteries. They only need that size. They don’t need a specific brand. These kinds also can be disposable or rechargeable. These batteries are also incredibly common and are sold just about everywhere. How Easy Is It To Find More Batteries? Even though your camera might not be brand specific, you still need to take in mind how easy it will be to get replacement camera batteries. You might have to go to specific electronic stores if the camera battery size is rare of unusual. If this doesn’t bother you, then keep in mind whenever you go on a vacation, you need to bring spare camera batteries in case the stores where you are don’t carry your camera’s size. How Expensive Are The Batteries? Sometimes the camera battery costs more than a camera is worth. Keep in mind how often you are going to use this camera. The more use means more battery changes. You could opt for rechargeable batteries – but not all sizes of camera batteries will recharge. Most li-ion (lithium-ion) will, though. If you don’t use your camera all that much, then perhaps the camera battery cost will be a moot issue. You will always ask them as a birthday gift. How Heavy Are the Batteries? If you plan on doing a lot of travel or on location shooting, a heavy camera battery is a definite minus. You need as light a battery as possible. If you only plan on using the camera around your home or on special occasions and don’t need to pack and unpack it, then you don’t need to worry about how heavy it is. How Long Can The Camera Go On One Set Of Batteries? You never really seem to get an answer as to how long a camera lasts on one battery until you actually use it. For this reason, always see if you can get a warranty on your camera. | Mid | [
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There was an article in the Austin Statesman on Friday which caught the eye and suggests that there are some changes imminent in the management and promotion of the US Grand Prix at Austin, which is due to have its inaugural event in 13 months from now. The paper has seen a letter sent by the Texas state comptroller Susan Combs to F1 commercial boss Bernie Ecclestone which deals with a transfer of ownership rights to the US Grand Prix in the promoter contract. It appears that Tavo Hellmund, who struck the deal with Ecclestone for the US GP to be hosted in Austin, has been asking Combs whether the state subsidies for the project, some $250 million of State money pledged over 10 years – will still be forthcoming if the promoter was changed. Combs spells out in her letter to Ecclestone that the circuit will indeed still be eligible for the money. According to the Statesman, the letter makes it clear that it is Hellmund personally to whom Ecclestone bestowed the rights, not the major investors in the Austin track project, known as “Circuit of the Americas”. These investors include billionaire entertainment impressario Red McCombs. That now seems to be about to change, although Combs does not say why nor what the terms might be – and nor does the newspaper. It does however note a “slowdown” in building work at the site, possibly linked to the change. Combs writes, “Should the proposed assignment be consummated, the State of Texas, through this agency, looks forward to working with the Circuit of the Americas to bring the Formula One United States Grand Prix to Texas in 2012.” As for why the need to change promoter at this stage, the Statesman refers back to an interview with Hellmund from a few weeks ago, “Hellmund is a founding partner of Circuit of the Americas, yet a little more than two weeks ago told the American-Statesman he had begun doing consulting work for groups hoping to attract a Formula One race to Mexico, Argentina and South Africa,” the article says. “At that time he mentioned that he was basically a race promoter and that his work in Austin was almost done. He then quickly added: ‘The U.S. Grand Prix is the most important thing. … The next thing is to promote the U.S. Grand Prix.’ “ If am not mistaken, Texas is the cattle state in the US so a Red Bull win on the track will go a long way to promoting the US Grand Prix, all by itself. But one thing I know for sure is F1 will bomb in the US like it has always done before for in the States, foreign sports (that do not have a substitute) will always take a back seat to the home grown sports franchises – just ask David Beckham! Besides F1 doesn’t have a single American team, driver, let alone sponsor & unlike Bernie, Americans are very patriotic by nature! So I think that Hellmund chap is pretty smart for he’s doesn’t want to be tied down to a lost cause & thus lose money in the process & so it’s off to Mexico, South Africa & Argentina. Been to US a few times. Plenty of Canadians, Europeans, and a healthy representation of South Americans. There were American fans, but I have to agree with you – they were dedicated and some did just come to check it out at $70 a ticket. I was extremely surprised at this development, track location, and the building of a brand new F1 track in US. As it’s not my money, I don’t care. But I would have plenty of reservation building a track in US if it was my money. Between Amerian staples like NFL, MLB, NBA, all the college sports, NASCAR, even NHL in some markets – just how much time are fans expected to have? Bet you UFC is 10 times bigger than F1 fans in US – another sport wanting a slice of our time and our PPV money. MLS has jumped the NHL in the US for viewers. It is growing. As for the Austin race, me and a friend are driving from Indiana to see it. That’s like driving across Europe to Russia from London to watch an F1 race. Not shocked that MLS has jumped NHL. Football is the ultimate participation sport, cheap to play, fun with friends anytime, can be done in cool weather and hot weather on any patch of grass, and let’s not forget the millions of immigrants in US to whom it’s #1. You’re one of the dedicated fans who travels – like me. But you travel from Indiana to Texas because you have to. And let’s be honest – that’s a 3 hour flight – not a big deal. You’ll have people really fly from London doing the 10 hour flight to come. What you should ask is – in land about equal in population to Europe, why should you have to travel that far to see an F1 race? And once you come up with no answers, let me remind you that no fan needs to travel from London to Russia to see a race, because beside Silverstone, on the way is Belgium, Germany, even Hungary, Italy and Monaco – suddenly you’ll loose the desire to drive to Russia to see F1 and eat borsch with pierogies. You’re doing it because you have no choice. Because it’s the same drive for you to Texas or Montreal. Because there is no race in New York, or Chicago, or L.A. to cover this continent sufficiently and satisfy the market with 3 solid events per year. Look at the bright side, at least for a while you had it good! F1 race in your back yard and tickets $70 for grandstand. Hotels were $100 a night for 4 star – Indinapolis was the F1 deal of the calendar. Americans don’t need to travel far to watch a race either, as Canada and Brasil are well within reason. The upcoming race in Austin simply makes it able for us to stay in the states, avoiding customs and unsavory locations outside of the US. L.A. wouldn’t be a great place for a race. Neither would Chicago. New York, Austin and Las Vegas would be prime locations. I only include Austin because they are building a track. A proper road course could be developed in both New York and Las Vegas. Las Vegas would be the ideal location for the season finale, as it has plenty of hotels, clubs for after-race parties and an excellent climate 9 months out of the year. Most Americans don’t understand that there’s any other motor racing than NASCAR. It’s on all the time! F1′s weakness is you have to wait weeks for the next event. Americans are saturated with sports, F1 loses their interest quickly. Every time you walk into a bar NASCAR is on. This is more about sponsor desire than American demmand I think. In any case, becasue they are simply so many Americans – if even 1% are interested enough to watch/attend the race should be able to break even. The UK is a tiny country and Silverstone is always sold out… Yeah, trust me, I wish it were so. I did have it good when the race was at Indy. I know a lot of people there, so tickets were cheap and I could bum a couch to sleep on. On the other side, the track was probably my least favorite on the calendar although you could walk around and check out all of the corners in the infield. The Austin track looks pretty amazing. I am wanting to go see a race at Spa, but I wouldn’t fly to any of the other tracks. Maybe Suzuka, but I’ve done the flight to Japan and back…it’s not fun. The main problem is that the US government is giving funds for this and the money is coming from the US taxpayers. This has created A LOT of negative feeling towards F1 in the states because they’re paying for something they aren’t even sure they like, and the amounts they’re paying are massive. When F1 moved to Bahrain or Abu Dhabi, the governments funding them were kingdoms so the people didn’t have a say in the matter whereas F1 coming to the US is a massive talking point. I’ve seen a lot of local radio stations complain about F1 taking their money and taxpayers being “forced” to fund a bunch of european snobs to race some cars around. James, I’m not local to Austin, so don’t know the radios very well, but if you look for older articles about the F1 race on the Austin Statesman’s website, you just have to read the comments to realize that the local Republicans (who want small government and no tax) are really against this. All of the latest articles on F1 on the website have actually been closed to comments because Americans can’t debate constructively, they can only belittle and bully others (on both sides). Not sure whether they left the comments on the older articles, actually. I wouldn’t be surprised if they had removed them completely. It was pure drivel, mixed in with nationalistic, borderline racist comments, if you ask me. Now I know this guy is a bit aggressive but it still shows what the “average american” is thinking and seeing a new track being put up and millions going into funding something they don’t have an interest in must be frustrating during the recession. And as the guy said, they CAN try and change that. It’s a small point but is it really the entire USA paying for it, or just the Texans? I don’t think the federal gov’t would subsidize something other than an olympics or world cup. Maybe it’s worth it to Texas if it brings in more taxes than they’re spending. It does seem like gambling with the peoples’ money, but governments regularly subsidize the arts and stupider things like flying to the moon or some worthless asteroid, or building a space telescope or space station. A race track at least may provide a profit. It’s the Major Events State Fund (voted and provided for by the State of Texas). They estimate they’ll make $300M in additional taxes over the next 10 years, therefore the fund has decided that spending $250M to have the F1 races is worth it. I hope the estimates are right and this becomes and remains a good deal for everybody going forward so F1 can stay in America for a long long time. The same debate is held in every democracy all over the world and it is a very valid debate. Kingdoms are not obligated to listen to their people, so if the ‘crown prince’ wants to spend a 100 million dollars per year on a private scalextrix track in the desert rather than build a universioty or a hopital – well the people just have to get on with it. They certainly cannot protest. The UK nearly lost its race, France has, there is talk of (God forbid) Spa alternating etc. That is because these democratically elected governments will not comit public money to feeding suckling pig that F1 is percieved to be. The US is no different in this regard, I am actually very surprised indeed that public money is being committed by the state at all. While I do not pretend to know anything about the constitution of the US, isn’t Texas one of a number of states that reserves greater ‘independance’ than some others in terms of policy and law? Apologies to American readers for my ignorance! Wayne, nope all states are treated equally under the Constitution. Texans just act like they’re a country on to themselves because for a brief period they were an independent country. Once they joined the Union, they have as much rights as Rhode Island, the smallest state in the Union (although they have more elected representatives to Congress, but just 2 senators same as everybody else). I’m Irish living here in Dallas and haven’t heard any negative comments regarding the race. In fact, I’ve read and seen plenty of excitement about it. There’s a lot of positive anticipation towards it. To answer the comment from another person about how little interest there is, that would seem to contradict James other article where the Senna movie makers said there was HUGE support and interest in the movie over here. From a personal perspective, I’ve met more F1 fans here through work and friends than I ever met back home where football is all that anyone ever talks about. Motorsport is HUGE over here so if this race has good marketing, I’m sure that it’ll do extremely well. James/ mods I apologize in advance, but feret I suggest you come over here and get a clue before posting as an authority on the subject of us Americans and Texans in particular. I am an austinite and yes there are a lot of cattle here in Texas but perhaps you you should be less ignorant in your labeling. Texas is also one of the biggest technology centers in the US with leading developments and research in chemistry, medicine, engineering, automotive, and computer science. The track will do well here, trust me, and I imagine the circus and its entourage will find more than enough nightlife in downtown Austin to keep them happy. Austin also has a number of private racing clubs and roadcourses that do their fare share of turning in both directions. The only thing you should be worried about is the race being a big hit and maybe taking some spotlight from the classic races. Yes, a lot of my countrymen can be hard to convince to follow an event that doesn’t feature American participants. But we have become more accepting of foreign born drivers in motorsports. All but a few of the top drivers in Indy cars are from other places, and there are more coming into NASCAR every year. While there aren’t currently ant US based teams, or drivers, there are at least two major US brands with sponsorship deals with the teams. Williams are the title sponsor for Williams, and GE has made a pretty sizable deal with Team Lotus. Did you mean AT&T for Williams? There’s also CNN at Team Lotus and a few others. Virgin is big in the US too. McLaren wore the Verizon logo on its rear wing for the 4 races that were broadcast on Fox (major broadcast network) rather than Speed (their little sister network that only does motorsports). Quite a bit of F1 money already comes from the US. Let’s make sure they get their faux share of display in a race in the US. F1 didn’t “bomb” in the US last time around. I was at every usgp held at indy and every race was well attended by large enthusiastic international crowds, even years with almost guaranteed ferrari wins… years after finish line and tire fiascos. If nothing else interesting things happened. The problem is that even with strong ticket sales of wasn’t close to breaking even. Especially as Friday and Saturday running decreased, there were fewer overnight stays and less money comming ing the local economy. With no public subsidy, there was no way to pay the license fee. If he Texas subsidy dries up, the usgp will leave again, regardless of its popularity. Indy is a motor town, with it’s citizens used to racing of all types. Tickets were $70 each for grandstand Sunday – simply unheard of in F1. Just FYI it’s more like $700 in Monaco. F1 was a deal at Indy anotherwords. I dare say you couldn’t have more fun for that little money on a Sunday afternoon. It is nice that F1 is coming to US – but as a huge F1 fan for decades I will say this about US and F1: F1 is a niche in US at best. All efforts by F1 have been half hearted. What is needed is simple – minimum 3 races on US soil with Canada and Mexico to make it 5 and give fans chances to get involved and grow F1 profile. Drivers need to go on Letterman and Leno when they come here. Races need to be on main network TV – at least 1/2 of them like in UK. That will never happen. One more thing…regarding these constant street demos by various team I keep reading about, guess how long it would take for Leno to accept an F1 team’s offer to come and do a demo? Something along the lines of BMW Pit Lane Park demo. Yup, you guessed it, Leno would accept at a drop of a hat. Has anyone done it? Obvious candidates are Schumi, Lewis and of course Jenson. I could see Webber doing it as well. All would come across as likable and funny. All drive for teams who have big interest in US market. A comparison with Monaco is moot because Monaco is the most prestigious race in the calender, with limited seating and a small area that ensures that only the most hardcore of F1 fans and the filthy rich have the honour of attending it, and they pay top dollar to do so. The Indy USGP came nowhere close in terms of history and prestige. Putting it on the same pedestal as Monaco is like a high school prom queen trying to sidle up to Miss Universe. A more valid comparison would be with more recent races in purpose-built tracks. They all go for comparable prices as – and some even cheaper than – the USGP. I think we’re over that. It was blamed on the French, which was just fine by any red blooded American. Personally, I feel that this event was so unique, I’m mad at not being there to see an F1 race start wtih 6 cars. Schumi won again – which as every fan watching back then meant everything was right with the world again. I’m a proud Texan and resident of Round Rock, Texas just outside of Austin and have been here since 1968. When I heard my favorite motorsport was coimg to my backyard (I’m exactly 30 minutes from the track) you couldn’t have told me anything else and I’d been happy as can be. I am sick and tired, though, of hearing the F1 will bomb in America. Please explain how 20+ years at Watkins Glen is a failure and how 7+ years at Indy is a failure and how do you explain the only country to have three GPs in one year. Yes we have some troubles competing with different sports but F1 is not a failure and won’t be unless people like yourself keep spreading lies. The US does have a habbit of calling sports and formulas that only it takes part in ‘world championships’ though doesn’t it Joking aside, F1 needs the USA more than the USA needs it. Any world-wide sport without a presence in the USA must be worth 25% less to its headline sponsors than one that does (% figures invented to make a point). You obviously know very little about the USA and the F1 fans who reside there. I would bet there are twice as many F1 fans in the USA as your country. They are just spread out over a much larger area. F1 races in the USA have always been a money maker for their promoters. The problems arise when FOM demands a higher fee then the promoters are willing to pay. Our government doesn’t like to subsidize private sporting events like racing but the state of Texas has decided that they do and given that it will be a ten year commitment and with that long term outlook the US GP will be a huge success. You don’t think the teams want to go to the US? they’ve been saying since indy ended that they need to get back to america. it’s a huge (largest economy in the world), mostly untapped, market of people who can spare some dollars to spend on F1, and F1 sponsors’ products, every year if they could just get lured into the sport. A couple more races on fox (please just not valencia this time) and some more of those promotional things that Red Bull and McLaren do and you’ve got a foundation laid for real growth and potential. That article is a little misleading. I don’t think the slowdown in the work has anything to do with this potential transfer of “race rights”, but rather with the fact that the state fund cannot (by law) release the funds more than a year prior to the event. So the $25M that were expected in June 2011 (since the race was originally scheduled for June 2012) will only show up in November 2011 (now that the race has been moved to November 2012). Hence the slowdown, I think. As for the transfer of “race rights”, that would make sense since the “Circuit of the Americas” entity didn’t exist when the deal with FOM was signed. It would however make sense to have this new organization have the rights, rather than a person, especially as far as liability is concerned. Here in the USA the governor of Texas, Rick Perry, is running for president while the governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie, is on the verge of announcing his candidacy. With the leader of one future F1 venue possibly fighting against the leader of a potential F1 venue, national politics could shape F1′s future in this country, for better or worse. Don’t forget Mexican fans are pretty close, I am sure we could fill the track even if no Americans showed up, even more so with Sergio Perez now racing Just ask the US Football (soccer) team, when they have to play as “visitors” in their own stadiums against Mexico Before you condemn the race, give it a chance. Austin is an amazing city, comparable to Montreal in size and entertainment options. The track layout looks interesting and could provide some great racing. I predict that Austin will quickly become a fan and driver favorite. All y’all complaining now will be buying tickets in 2013 when your friends come back and tell you what a great time they had. I’ve heard people gripe that the race isn’t on the coast–New York or Southern California, but most are foreigners who’ve never strayed to the interior of the US. If the racing is good–and the nightlife is great–believe me, it’s great in Austin–the critics will shut up. I’ll see y’all on Sixth Street next year! James: You’ll recall that at the Montreal Fans Forum one of the central themes of FOTA was the need to develop a new fan base in the US due to the declining and aging fan base especially in Europe. As a US Formula One fan for over 40 years, I hated the idea of a race in Texas in June where air temperatures would almost certainly be in the 90 to 95 degree Fahrenheit range. Not a good way to build a base! It was a good move to re-schedule the race to November. That being said, let me comment on the political schemes mentioned above by your readers as well as the potential locations for other US races. First, the Governor of Texas, Rick Perry, is indeed running for President of the United States. Red McCombs, prominently mentioned in the news story, donated $398,625 to the Perry campaigns for Governor of Texas from 2001 through 2010, and I’m sure is a major donor to his presidential campaign (first Perry financial disclosure forms due this month). Perry is the longest serving Governor in the history of Texas and controls every regulatory board. This project would not have been possible without the express consent of Governor Perry. It’s possible, or probable, that as his presidential campaign comes under increasing scrutiny, his relationships with wealthy donors and their relationships with him will be under the microscope. This could be the reason McCombs is pulling out. The State of Texas, not the US Treasury, is slated to contribute the $25 million a year, and I would expect that commitment will stay in the news because Perry is running on a no taxes limited government platform. Let’s turn the focus to Mr. Ecclestone, who said he wanted a race with the New York skyline as the background. Then Bernie, why go to Texas? Maybe it’s because if you staged a race with the NY skyline as a backdrop you’d be racing in Jersey City or Hoboken New Jersey. Quite a difference from Barcelona or Monte Carlo, eh, Bernie? Even more to the point, there is an existing track in upstate New York (not Watkins Glen) that was eager to stage a F1 race and would have gladly done everything necessary to revamp the circuit in time for a June race in 2012. The teams could drive across the border from Montreal in a few hours making everyone happy. Bernie gets his dough, the teams don’t have to travel very far for back to back races, it’s close enough to New York City so that if the teams or drivers want to do promotional work or schmooze with illustrious clints they could easily get there. Although everyone associated with F1 loves the older circuits like Monza and Spa, Bernie insists on new tracks i. e. more money for Bernie. And, incidentally, for Tavo. No wonder he’s moving on to Mexico, Argentina, and South Africa. Interesting that all three countries used to stage F1 events and have existing tracks that could be modified to conform to stricter safety regulations existing today. No money for Tavo if F1 goes back to Paul Ricard or the Oesterreichring! Here’s my idea for another venue for a US race, and I’ll admit I’m partial, having grown up in the Boston area. Boston, Massachusetts. Sweeping skyline views, Charles River (accomodations for yachts), riverfront viewing that could easily accomodate hundreds of thousands (they do it every year for 4th of July celebrations). Using the highways on both sides of the river and city streets in Boston and Cambridge, it might even remind some fans of Monaco. Culture, high tech and higher learning (MIT and Harvard University). You could even plan a collaborative event with engineers from MIT and F1 technical directors. Most important to FOTA and F1, lots of young people to see and become lifelong fans of motor sport. Liberty State Park – I can’t for the life of me understand why they can’t put that race together. It makes incredible amount of sense, that park is at best filled with 1000 people per day on a normal summer day. Mostly used by people to drop their boats and park their pickups. Now after some redevelopment it’s better – but seriously, how inconvenient would it be to turn it into an Ile Notre Dame for 10 days? And I know that the the concrete and fencing would take away from the park’s open space, but in today’s age of weekend events how hard is that to put up and take down each year? Wanna bet it’s way cheaper than building Austin? If teams could make due with Monaco style pit lane, it would all be done on a budget to bring F1 to NYC – which is a perfect fit. I can’t understand why there was such resistance to it with all that money and influence across the river. Let’s not forget jobs, tourism, income for local businesses. Personally all the US needs is support from the Red Bull marketing machine and it will be a hit. Expect RB to gear up the promos closer to the race. Arguably their PR has more pull than a lot of TV stations. Everybody is missing the point about America’s importance to F1. It’s all about sponsors! America is the single largest consumer of everything made in the world—fact. Specifically, somewhere between 23% to 25% of everything created on earth is sold in America. That’s no bananas! So if you are Marlboro, Mercedes Benz or Ferrari, or AT&T or GE, where do you have to succeed at Marketing? It’s simple—America. That’s why Bernie/CVC desperately needs to put the USA on the map in order to finally sell up whenever they decide to retire. Without America in the frame, their business enterprise is worth easily 25% less. We all have to live with this simple reality. Even FOTA has to swallow hard on this one and accept it. So let’s all welcome F1 back to the USA, it’s inevitable. This is definitely true. The more US companies get to hear about F1, the more they are likely to sponsor the sport and it already has a little-acknowledged but proven track record. Research produced by the Formula Money (www.formulamoney.com) consultancy, which I own a stake in, shows that more F1 sponsors are headquartered in the US than any other country. Indeed, the US has claimed this top spot for the past five years running with 34 companies based in the country sponsoring the sport. Its closest rival is the UK (which is not surprising given the number of teams based here) which is where 31 sponsors are based. Even Italy only provides 19 sponsors to the sport this year. The smaller size of the country is a factor in this however, the target audience of its businesses may also play a part. The fact that almost half of F1’s races are in Asia makes the sport an ideal vehicle for sponsors looking to increase their awareness in this region. It is a further explanation as to why F1 is attractive to US companies with international ambitions (in contrast perhaps to there being fewer Italian businesses with ambitions of global domination). The only thing stopping even more US sponsors coming on board is that F1 is still relatively unknown in the country. Even one race in the US would give the sport more awareness than it is getting at the moment. It is worth bearing in mind though that the big beneficiaries of this scenario are the teams and not FOM… Well as I go down the thread I see more American posters setting the record straight regarding politics, taxes and even American fan interest in F1. Even with those clarifications there are some mistakes. First and foremost, let’s discuss Austin as a venue. Lovely TOWN, home of the U of T Longhorns, one of the most livable cities in America yada, yada yada. In a phrase: it ain’t New York. I know some poster above compared it to Montreal, but sorry fellas that’s just wishful Texan thinking. Montreal is a diverse, sophisticated “European” city Austin is a great southwestern college town. Sorry, I’ve been to both places and that’s just the plain truth. Another common mistake: folks I don’t really care about the skyline as a backdrop, New Jersey is NOT New York, its as simple as that. You want Formula 1 in New York, you put it in New York, not New Jersey. You really want America, and the world to sit up and take notice of the USGP, you put the race in New York City (not Watkins Glen, not upstate NY, not NJ). It really is that simple. You want to promote F1 with those very cool city drives, a la Ferrari in Moscow, Red Bull in Santo Domingo and I forgot who in Beijing? Two words: Times Square. For all my Texan friends that will roll their eyes, let me point just one thing out. Last summer in Times Square we had a rodeo. Yup, a rodeo, complete with cowboys, horses and bulls. That event got more international exposure and viewership for the rodeo than all rodeos ever held combined (OK maybe a slight exaggeration, but Times Square is known as the cross roads of the world, companies that don’t sell their products in the US put up billboards in Times Sq and there’s a reason for that). So what’s my point? Simple this race needed to be in NYC, period end of story. A plan was discussed during the Dinkins administration, but sadly nothing came of it. A Monaco style city circuit could easily be built in downtown Manhattan (all it costs is millions, but so what, its all about the attendance, the City would recoup its investment 10 fold): West Side Highway, past the World Trade Center, under the Battery Tunnel, up South Street to Wall Street (yup THAT Wall St.), Broadway (yes the Great White Way) to Chambers and back to West Side Highway. St. Attendance? Half a million at least! Ticket prices? Unfortunately, this is New York City where it costs $13 to cross a bridge, so tickets are gonna cost ya! As much as it pains me to side with him, Ecclestone is right the USGP needs to be in NYC. I was born and grew up in Texas (Houston metro area). I lived in New York City (East Village) for six years. I’ve lost count of how many times I’ve visited Montreal (IMO the best city on the “East Coast” after New York. Sorry Boston.) So I have a familiarity with all the cities mentioned. First, and I hate to burst your bubble, there will never be a race in NYC. NEVER. There will be a group of haters that will stop a race being run through the city streets. I can give you the reasons they will mention: it’s not a “green” sport; 15,000-18,000 RPM engines roaring through Times Square is major noise pollution issue; the F1 race would be a prime terrorist target, etc. You will NEVER have a race in New York City. All it takes is one disgruntled resident and a fax machine and you’re done. That’s why New Jersey would be the perfect backdrop for a NYC race–many developers have given up on building in NYC because of the hassles. If you look across the Hudson River, Jersey City has a skyline that’s starting to compete with Manhattan; that’s because it’s easier (and cheaper) to build in New Jersey. If you don’t have a race in New Jersey (or Watkins Glen), you’ll never have one in the New York/New Jersey metro area. Austin is a great city. I’ve never said it’s Montreal. It’s Austin, Texas; it’s got its own character unlike any other city in the F1 circus. It’s certainly isn’t “European” in flavor, like Montreal, or to a lesser extent, a New York City. You seem to conflate “European” and “sophisticated.” I don’t mean to sound like a travel guide, but Austin is a “sophisticated” and diverse Southwestern American city–it mixes Texas and Latino culture (no other city on the F1 circus does that) it has a big injection of youth (over 50 thousand students at the University of Texas), great music scene (“Live Music Capital of the World”), and there are transplants from all over the world, drawn by the high tech industry (contrary to what many people think, the biggest component of the Texas economy isn’t cattle or oil, it’s information technology, and Austin is it’s geek capital). Austin is a great destination in its own right, like Montreal, and when you throw in an F1 race, it’s a no-brainer. I have a hard time believing that there are a bunch of hardcore European (and American) F1 fans that will refuse to go to the Austin GP because it’s not New York, and it will fail because it’s not New York. Dream all you want about a New York City GP, it’ll never happen. Austin will suceed or fail based on quality of the race. And if the racing is good, and you throw in the must see destination of Austin as an addition benefit, I predict this will quickly become one of the fans’ and drivers’ favorites. Phil fair enough I don’t mean to disparage Austin as it is a great city, and that’s based on personal experience. Generally I like Texas, I worked there in the late 80s (mostly Midland, but also Dallas), and like Texans, even if they always mispronounce Houston. Having said that I think we can both agree that as a media center, NYC would have far more impact for F1 than Austin. I truly hope Austin succeeds as an F1 venue and you can be sure that I will travel to the race just as I do to Montreal (although, perhaps ironically, traveling to Montreal from NYC is far less of a hassle)! The important thing is that there will again be a USGP. Having said that, let me make a few points relative to the issues you mentioned. First you are probably right a F1 race will probably never happen in NYC. Nonetheless, I’m not so sure that if a well heeled and obstinate promoter, somebody like say, Bruce Ratner, wanted to make a go of it, that a bunch of green guys with a fax machine could stop him. You do know that Atlantic Yards is being built and the Nets are coming to Brooklyn right? Also, its not about the skyline as much as it is about the media impact, flair, the atmosphere and the visual impact. The idea of holding an F1 race in Jersey that I’ve seen discussed is to have the race along the Hudson River around Boulevard East in Union City and surrounding areas. The skyline view from that location would be midtown Manhattan NOT Jersey City. So again its all about taking advantage of New York City’s mystique. I mean Union City vs. the canyons of Wall Street? C’mon that’s a no brainer! By the way I will be the first to admit that NYC has ceded its architectural preeminence to places like Singapore, Shanghai and even Dubai, but Union City has a very long way to go before it even compares to NYC’s skyline. The other issue that I think has to be taken into consideration is exactly where the race would be held. Times Square? Totally and completely out of the question. The Financial District on the other hand is way more feasible. If you map the route I proposed in my post you will see that the only truly residential area is Battery Park City. Everything else is a commercial/office area. The race would be held on a weekend and as you know even pedestrian traffic is light in the Financial District on weekends. In fact the City might even embrace the event as a way to promote FiDi on weekends. The other thing to consider is that it would be a temporary track and by Monday morning its business as usual. So you’re probably right no race in NYC ever and you are ABSOLUTELY right Austin will be a great venue for the USGP. Still the thought of the sound of those engines reverberating against the Wall St. canyon walls.. You cannot compare the environmental impact of the NJ Nets (professional basketball team) playing in Brooklyn vice running a race through lower Manhattan–It’s apples and oranges. I agree it would be cool to have an F1 street race in lower Manhattan. It just wouldn’t happen. There would be too much opposition, not to mention, it makes little financial sense. It would take days, if not weeks, to set up the chicanes, barriers, etc. for a race. It would be highly disruptive to businesses in lower Manhattan (I agree with you that it’s the only place you could feasibly have a race in Manhattan). New York would have to invest millions, perhaps tens of millions of dollars, on improving the streets for racing. Also, a lot of people do live in the Wall Street area (office buildings converted into apartments) even if it’s not a true residential area. I think the noise issue would kill the chances of a race in lower Manhattan, as it would be disruptive to the many residents who live there. Furthermore, I don’t think a race in New Jersey makes sense either. It wouldn’t do New Jersey much financially–after the race, 95 percent of the fans would go back to their hotels in Manhattan and spend their money there. There’s little financial sense to stage the race in the New York metro area–It’s not profitable for New Jersey and the demographic that’s attracted to the race doesn’t need an F1 race to go to New York City and spend their money. It would certainly make financial sense for F1 to have the race in New York. It’s a huge media market. Every day and night time talk show would have F1 drivers on them promoting the sport to Americans. But, for this to work, the proposed New York GP would have to be a “loss leader,” i.e. F1 would have to accept lower fees from promoters to have the race in order to promote it to Americans, attracting American sponsorship, etc… That’s the only way I could see it being sold. However, I don’t see Bernie doing that (and neither do you). All I know, there are two races I’m planning on seeing next year–Montreal and Austin. I can’t wait… For you foreigners who are reading this and are confused and wondering why Austin and not New York or Los Angeles, here’s a quote from David Coultard in the Austin Statesmen, when he went there to promote Red Bull Racing, that summarizes what we’ve been talking about: “When they said Austin, I had no idea what Austin represented and Texas and why it would work,” Coulthard said. “And now I completely get it. This is a vibrant venue, it’s a young venue, and there’s a real understanding here of European events and world affairs in the people that I’ve come across.” This is the first real Formula One circuit in the U.S. It will have issues it’s first year. Then it will have a life of it’s own. Not because of Austin. Because everyone is going to love it. Most corners in the U.S. have been slow. F1 cars haven’t been able to show their true characteristics here. One year from now the video of the event will catch people’s attention, attracting more fans from around Texas and the world. These are the fastest cars- they stop the fastest is why. But they must get up to speed to show that. An F1 race at Austin may do well for a year or two but interest and attendance will fade. Bernie Ecclestone’s modus operandi is to gouge as much money as possible out of the track owners and taxpayers, as compared to NASCAR which has been very successful in charging a low fee, sharing TV and concessions money with the tracks. The costs of paying for this track alone will cause it to fail. What else are they going to have: Sustralian Super V-8 cars? Moto GP? As for racing in New York, I can just see an F1 driver like Hamilton or Alonso going on WFAN to have Mike Francesa ask/answer all the question he puts to him. Like the time he had the LA Galaxy owner and he asked if David Beckham would finally get to make some big money playing soccer here. CART didn’t work in the 1980s when they were in the Meadowlands parking lot, F1 won’t either. | Low | [
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1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for producing a vinyl chloride polymer having a large bulk specific gravity. 2. Description of the Prior Art Vinyl chloride polymers are resins excellent in physical properties and are broadly employed as a rigid polyvinyl chloride or a flexible polyvinyl chloride. In recent years, there are demanded a vinyl chloride polymer having a large bulk specific gravity capable of increasing an extrusion rate in extruders in order to improve the productivity of polyvinyl chloride products when extrusion molding rigid polyvinyl chlorides. Conventionally known suspension polymerization methods for the purpose of obtaining a vinyl chloride polymer having a large bulk specific gravity include, for example, a method charging an additional monomer during polymerization see Japanese Pre-examination Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 59-168008!, a method using a highly saponified polyvinyl alcohol as a suspending agent see Japanese Pre-examination Patent Publication (Kokai) Nos. 57-7600 and 4-323204, and Japanese Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 1-27088! and a method charging an additional suspending agent during polymerization see Japanese Pre-examination Patent Publication (Kokai) Nos. 3-70703 and 5-39309!. These methods can increase the bulk specific gravity of the resulting polymer to some extent, while to the contrary, they have the problems that the gelation rate of the polymer is slow and fish eyes increase in formed parts obtained from the polymer. Further, especially when a so-called nontoxic stabilizer such as Ca-Zn stabilizer is added to a compound, in which various additives have been compounded in the resulting polymer, for use in producing formed parts, there are problems in that the bulk specific gravity of the compound is not so large and also the extrusion rate of the compound in extruders does not increase. Furthermore, since such a nontoxic stabilizer is weak in stabilizing action for polymers, there are also problems in that products (formed parts) from the resulting polymer are unsatisfactory in thermal stability, initial coloration, etc. | Mid | [
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of 9384 and 231640? 8 Calculate the greatest common factor of 9 and 26111. 1 What is the greatest common divisor of 91 and 914004? 91 What is the greatest common divisor of 21260586 and 62934? 3702 Calculate the highest common factor of 1707 and 46223853. 1707 What is the highest common divisor of 3112 and 3449263? 389 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 553 and 500616838. 79 What is the greatest common divisor of 21 and 231849072? 21 Calculate the highest common divisor of 12165 and 136445073. 2433 Calculate the highest common divisor of 816256 and 3904. 64 Calculate the highest common factor of 80 and 78253456. 16 Calculate the highest common factor of 11687 and 24534. 29 What is the highest common divisor of 21605 and 1589830? 745 What is the highest common divisor of 75086 and 7942? 22 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 69124 and 2797951. 1571 What is the highest common factor of 119090610 and 153? 153 What is the highest common divisor of 5880 and 66701936? 392 Calculate the greatest common factor of 345728 and 1813. 37 What is the greatest common divisor of 4646 and 815281? 23 What is the highest common divisor of 578 and 112303? 1 What is the highest common divisor of 16562 and 5082? 14 What is the greatest common factor of 32928885 and 396? 99 What is the highest common divisor of 105152660 and 26300? 5260 What is the greatest common divisor of 15752219 and 749? 749 Calculate the highest common divisor of 96938 and 422. 2 Calculate the highest common divisor of 94169989 and 82. 41 Calculate the greatest common factor of 8385 and 22269. 39 Calculate the greatest common factor of 21352 and 18596336. 1256 What is the highest common divisor of 78892 and 25894? 242 Calculate the highest common factor of 348365885 and 35. 35 What is the greatest common divisor of 1602 and 377936898? 534 What is the highest common divisor of 759434264 and 30496? 7624 What is the highest common factor of 44 and 82960? 4 What is the highest common factor of 2242 and 11642592? 38 What is the greatest common factor of 5564076 and 168? 84 Calculate the highest common factor of 206862 and 9637. 23 What is the greatest common factor of 48335 and 12941351? 1381 What is the highest common divisor of 64255198 and 98? 14 Calculate the highest common divisor of 867792 and 5959. 101 Calculate the greatest common factor of 238500 and 8586. 954 What is the highest common divisor of 29468335 and 1331615? 10165 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 189670858 and 26. 26 What is the highest common factor of 806623 and 77179? 683 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 16 and 1358808. 8 Calculate the greatest common factor of 3103 and 2268079. 107 Calculate the highest common divisor of 2118 and 46554. 6 Calculate the highest common factor of 1050305 and 34365. 395 Calculate the highest common divisor of 10514 and 28683694. 1502 What is the highest common divisor of 1208336 and 51616? 16 Calculate the highest common factor of 30515 and 201977. 17 Calculate the greatest common factor of 900816717 and 3279. 3279 What is the greatest common factor of 120050 and 19950? 350 What is the greatest common divisor of 54291050 and 242? 22 What is the highest common divisor of 50 and 348371025? 25 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 61653672 and 216. 72 What is the highest common factor of 6552 and 166687248? 2184 What is the greatest common divisor of 7916064 and 390624? 1248 What is the greatest common factor of 3959402 and 918? 34 Calculate the highest common factor of 9147 and 124228456. 3049 What is the greatest common factor of 323728 and 85664? 16 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 1721 and 704338181. 1721 Calculate the highest common factor of 4515287 and 7. 7 What is the highest common divisor of 15 and 12256131? 3 What is the greatest common divisor of 1364004866 and 14? 14 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 504147633 and 132. 33 What is the highest common factor of 15806162 and 2840? 142 What is the greatest common factor of 25591 and 5327655? 163 What is the greatest common divisor of 185459024 and 64? 16 What is the highest common factor of 19710 and 61257366? 1314 What is the highest common divisor of 224466 and 2807706? 1254 What is the greatest common factor of 35 and 4513152? 7 Calculate the highest common factor of 22475 and 193006. 31 What is the highest common factor of 1218472 and 112392? 1784 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 13221391 and 97. 97 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 3477062 and 1552. 194 What is the highest common factor of 1658064 and 1014? 6 What is the greatest common divisor of 135161026 and 2534? 2534 What is the highest common factor of 48520 and 13220? 20 Calculate the highest common divisor of 192872540 and 105. 35 What is the highest common factor of 308817806 and 66? 22 What is the greatest common factor of 16092 and 201744? 108 What is the highest common divisor of 6576 and 587744? 16 What is the highest common divisor of 1710 and 416050? 10 What is the greatest common factor of 24 and 65550960? 24 What is the greatest common factor of 6778770 and 60? 30 What is the greatest common divisor of 30495475 and 4142? 2071 Calculate the greatest common factor of 69875 and 50691625. 5375 Calculate the highest common factor of 98992 and 40756. 92 What is the greatest common divisor of 7712 and 1402138? 482 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 31697928 and 1020. 204 Calculate the greatest common factor of 414 and 208094202. 414 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 14966681 and 31283. 4469 Calculate the highest common factor of 3262 and 17577287. 1631 What is the highest common factor of 48946335 and 75? 15 What is the highest common divisor of 11043 and 6707745? 27 What is the highest common factor of 7952564 and 152? 76 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 50375150 and 175. 175 Calculate the highest common divisor of 8 and 108783376. 8 Calculate the highest common factor of 311356 and 972. 4 What is the greatest common divisor of 19647 and 223551? 531 What is the highest common factor of 33216 and 3273792? 192 What is the greatest common factor of 19804999 and 137953? 1943 What is the highest common divisor of 56576 and 525538? 442 Calculate the greatest common factor of 176414202 and 513. 171 What is the greatest common divisor of 54917252 and 1417? 1417 Calculate the highest common factor of 63206 and 9447614. 374 Calculate the highest common divisor of 1129 and 37052651. 1129 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 2560 and 1779680. 160 Calculate the highest common divisor of 408 and 20004597. 51 What is the greatest common factor of 267887113 and 7702? 3851 Calculate the highest common divisor of 802 and 343657. 401 Calculate the highest common divisor of 602939 and 425. 17 What is the greatest common factor of 137015 and 445? 5 What is the highest common factor of 132 and 100895784? 132 Calculate the greatest common factor of 9495282 and 2550. 102 What is the greatest common divisor of 4216748 and 187? 17 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 945713 and 29. 1 What is the highest common divisor of 4461 and 588365751? 4461 What is the highest common factor of 15682641 and 8488? 1061 Calculate the greatest common divisor of 1065 and 1021794015. 1065 What is the greatest common factor of 1954640 and 220? 20 Calculate the highest common divisor of 70 and 140749090. 10 What is the greatest common divisor of 714785303 and 1289? 1289 Calculate the highest common divisor of 8644 and 10163183. 2161 What is the highest common factor of 3790 and 385064? 758 What is the greatest common divisor of 64678 and 38836? 146 Calculate the highest common divisor of 95922 and 691164. 1314 Calculate the greatest common factor of 554245959 and 834. 417 What is the greatest common divisor of 123654279 and 322? 161 Calculate the highest common divisor of 198 and 7666659. 99 What is the highest common divisor of 2838213 and 7371? 189 What is the highest common divisor of 1330 and 2234780? 190 Calculate the greatest common factor of 1516 and 35968237. 379 What is the greatest common factor of 2917 and 3099373757? 2917 What is the greatest common divisor of 270 and 701760? 30 What is the highest common factor of | Low | [
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Characterization of IL-18 expression and release in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that affects chronic inflammation. We sought to characterize IL-18 expression and investigate its release during chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The expression of IL-18 in nasal polyps (NPs) and uncinate tissues (UTs) from both CRS and non-CRS patients was examined via immunohistochemistry. After culturing dispersed NP cells (DNPCs) with or without various stimulations, IL-18 levels were measured in the culture supernatants. Furthermore, the effect of IL-18 neutralization on staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced cytokine production was also examined. Similar expression of IL-18 in the epithelial layers was observed between the NPs and UTs. However, there was a significantly higher number of IL-18(+) cells in the lamina propria from NPs compared to UTs without CRS. This increased number was significantly correlated with the radiological severity of sinusitis and local eosinophilia. After the dispersion, IL-18 was spontaneously released by NP cells in a phase-dependent manner. While SEB, fungal antigens, and TLR agonists did not enhance the release, exposure to protease or one cycle of a freeze-and-thaw treatment did induce release of IL-18 from rested DNPCs. In addition, neutralization of IL-18 significantly suppressed SEB-induced IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ, but not IL-17A production. These results suggest that the pro-inflammatory effect of IL-18 released by danger signals may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, which includes eosinophilic inflammation and NP formation, via the augmentation of both Th2- and Th1-associated cytokine production. | High | [
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Q: How to install vim on RedHat via commmandline I am running a RHEL 7.2 (Maipo) on an AWS instance with commandline access. To my greatest surprise, vim needs to be installed and as I am fairly new to RedHat, I was at a loss initially as to the easiest way to install it, so I am adding it below for future reference so beginners like myself can just crack on with it. A: As root user issue the following command to install the vim editor on RedHat linux: sudo yum install vim | High | [
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The final part of this series rounding up our coverage of fats will continue this theme of identifying those good and bad. Once we understand, we can go about our business, eat the good fats and avoid the bad ones. A simple Google search for “artery clogging” opens up a torrent of information about ‘trans fats’. It is important to once again go through some fundamental chemistry revision. An image one might associate with 'industrially produced trans fats' BASIC FATS REVISED – AGAIN Trans fats originate from a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) Carbon backbone. The PUFAs then undergo ‘hydrogenation’ where a Hydrogen is added to the free points in the chain (figure 1). This process turns liquid vegetable oil to solid trans, or otherwise known as hydrogenatedfat. Figure 1: Hydrogenated trans fatty acids. Here you can see how the red Hydrogens (H) have been artificially added to the free Carbons (C) in the top chain converting the PUFA fatty acid into trans fat. USEFUL FACT The terms 'oil', 'fat' and 'lipid' are often confused. Oil - Normally refers to a fat with short or unsaturated fatty acid chains that are liquid at room temperature. Fat - Generally these are those that are solid at room temperature. Fats are comprised of three fatty acid chains and a glycerol molecule and also referred to as Triglycerides. Lipid - An overarching general term (oils and fats are both lipids). Lipids also include waxes, sterols (steroid alcohols) and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E, & K) amongst others. (Wikipedia) The history of hydrogenation is actually quite comical dating back to the early 1900s. Proctor & Gamble was founded in in 1837 to manufacture soap and candles. They branched out into the lard business in the late 1800s and would eventually use hydrogenation to make Crisco shortening (short for crystalized cottonseed oil)1. The real clincher in our capitalist culture was that Crisco was cheaper to produce than lard or butter, this gave baked goods a longer shelf life, food could now be more profitable. If a trans-fat is hydrogenated so all the Carbons now have a Hydrogen attached, how does it, or even does it differ from a saturated fat? The short answer is yes. Both saturated and trans-fat are by nature ‘saturated’, it is their configuration that differ. Most naturally occurring unsaturated fats have a double bond that makes a ‘U’ shape in their Carbon skeleton, also known as a cis-isomer. The process of hydrogenation alters the configuration to produce a straighter skeleton known as a trans-isomer. It is this straighter arrangement that gives hydrogenated fatty acids a tighter, more rigid complex; higher melt point, greater resistance to being broken down, greater shelf life, greater profit1. *Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula, but different geometric arrangement, trans fats have the same constituent parts as saturated fats, just disguised differently. One further step to complicate the picture is that not all trans-fats are artificially created. Trans fats are found naturally in dairy and meat products, often referred to as Cis-fatty acids, ruminant or natural trans fats and those produced through hydrogenation called industrial trans fats (figure 2). Figure 2: Cis / natural trans-fats versus industrial trans fat molecular isomers (orientation). All that is important here is that we appreciate there is the same constituent parts, just expressed as a different shape. A useful analogy I use can be found below. Left I am curled up tight as a natural cis-fat. Right I am the same person, just opened up and expressed differently. This might affect how you recognise me, although I am the same make up in each image. This is analogous to how the body might recognise cis, trans and saturated fats. May help, may not :) Cis-fat Trans-fat Various studies have looked into whether there is any difference between natural or industrial trans fats on our cardiovascular health 2 . This study by Motard-Bèlenger et al 3 compared the two trans fats in four different diets and found high amounts of natural trans fats to be detrimental to so called bad (LDL) cholesterol, but moderate amounts having little to no effect (Moderation again?!). Aragon draws the literature together in the October (2010) research review 1 , trans fats are not essential (we can make our own), the consideration about natural versus industrial seems to again come down to both being fine in moderation in otherwise healthy people (no smoking, pre existing cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome…..). It seems reasonable to suggest that natural trans fats are more likely to come in combination with other essential beneficial compounds where industrial trans fats (often cited as junk food) simply come with empty calories. Your informed decision can be made on this basis which one you choose. Trans fats are also found naturally in meat and dairy products It was during the 50’s and 60s the that the experts beat the drum against saturated fat (recall a critical period in my nana’s memories in part 1) and a major by-product of hydrogenation was heralded as our alternative to butter and lard – margarine. This proved to be a terrible mistake as trans fats from hydrogenated sources are strongly associated with heart disease 4 . While saturated and trans fats have been shown to increase cholesterol, that in and of itself does not lead directly to disease (healthy people, no arterial damage again!) 5 . There seems to be some benefit to replacing some saturated fat with PUFA but no benefit with replacing it with carbohydrates as is often recommended!6 It is human nature to simplify and categorise things, often leading to black and white thinking - something is 100% good or 100% bad — Alan Aragon It is human nature to simplify and categorise things, often leading to black and white thinking – something is 100% bad or 100% good. We often neglect context and resent the often universal answer in the nutrition and diet world – “it depends”. It really does depend though, as you can see in trans and saturated fats who is consuming them and how much. Healthy and diseased physiology are not one and the same and unfortunately correlation is often hastily generalised as causality. Research often does not show what we anticipate or even want it too, which is the very reason it is done in the first place, to take our biases out. I certainly have villainized industrial trans-fats and vegetable oils in the past, but the best evidence we have (eloquently summarised in the quote below) suggests I be less concerned if we are getting everything else right, even if the idea of them do still make me uneasy. That's my bias after all! “Although scientists now agree that trans-fatty acids (TFA) are not as healthful as their cis counterparts, exaggerated claims that TFAs pose dire health threats even in trace amounts are not supported by scientific evidence and are unwarranted. TFAs are not poison; they are simply one of several dietary factors that affect blood lipid levels, and blood lipid levels are only one of several major factors that influence the risk of heart disease” Meister & Kava, 2006 So maybe my nana (and everyone else of eras gone by) had things intuitively right when they liberally ate animal fats in butter and lard? The jury is arguably still out most on whether and how much saturated fat can be claimed as healthy (note: it is not essential – we can produce our own easily from other fats, carbohydrates and even excess protein). In 2010 an invitation only saturated fats scientific consensus symposium was held at the university of Copenhagan and published for our non-invited benefit in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition8. The major conclusions were as follows: Much of the claims about saturated fat is based on poorly designed studies There appears to be some benefit in substituting some saturated fat with PUFAs with regards to blood lipids and heart disease risk; diets high in Omega 6 had the lowest rates of the disease (industrial trans fats greatest risk, then saturated). The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL (“good”) is more predictive of heart disease than simply looking at “bad” (LDL) cholesterol, so the fact that saturated fat elevates LDL is not in and of itself an issue. The effect of diet on one biomarker of heart health in isolation is insufficient to establish risk. A comprehensive picture includes total and HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, fatness, glucose tolerance and inflammatory markers will give a clearer picture of risk Food based recommendations are more practical for the public than nutrient based advice. The entire matrix of the food is more important than just the fatty acids for the food risk. For example, cheese may have saturated fat but the presence of protein, calcium and other nutrition alter how we process the food. Some saturated fatty acids show promise in imparting great health benefits (rumenic and vaccenic acid). To effectively communicate current findings, the dietary pattern that decreases CVD risk should be delivered in practical terms. A healthy dietary pattern is primarily plant based and low in saturated fat, but can include lean meats and low fat dairy in small-moderate amounts. Because heart disease is the leading cause of death in so many countries, the relation of diet to its cause and management should be of high priority. Other crucially important health issues (obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis) should also be considered; currently there is no clear relation between saturated fat intake and these outcomes. ** ** Point in bold to emphasise importance of this point CLOSING THOUGHTS So where does all this info leave us? As confused as when we started? Hopefully not. The food standards agency (FSA) for the UK recommends that our total fat doesn't exceed 35 per cent of our daily energy and this is in line with what Alan Aragon prescribes as an accurate representation of the literature on the topic. This is plenty of fat for our basic physiological functions like transporting fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E & K), manufacturing hormones and providing integrity to cells. Fat is a good source of energy and can give great taste to food, when combined with protein is very effective in making us feel full. Some people prefer a diet slightly higher in fat and others prefer carbs, it is best viewed as a continuum or pendulum, as one goes up the other must come down for total energy balance. Salmon, eggs & cheese Coconut oil Olive oil Almonds Avocado Flaxseeds Vegetable oils Steak Butter ESSENTIAL TAKEAWAYS Essentially, eat a variety of whole and minimally processed foods and fat will take care of itself. A typical days worth of good varied fats may include some nuts, half an avocado, fats and oils from cooking or dressing, some yolks in eggs, a steak or salmon fillet. Useful tips for a rule of thumb might include not doing the following: Goingout of your way to get more fat on the misguided idea that coconut oil or grass fed butter have superpowers (I have certainly been guilty of this one in times gone by) Loading up on one type of fat, like omega-3 PUFAs, get a variety of saturated, MUFA, PUFA and some incidental trans fat is even OK. I hope you have taken something from this series, for more guidance putting this all together, please don't hesitate to get in touch. | Mid | [
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[Determination of metabolite residues of nitrofuran antibiotics in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. A method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of five metabolites of nitrofuran antibiotics, including 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 5-morpholino-methyl-3-amino-2-oxazolidinone ( AMOZ ), semicarbazide ( SEM ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DNSH) in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were hydrolyzed with HCl, and derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde at 37 degre C for 16 hours. The derivative solutions were adjusted to pH 7.0 -7. 5, and the analytes were extracted by ethyl acetate. The separation was based on Thermo Aquasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.01 micro m). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The developed method showed good linear correlation between the peak area ratios of the analyte and the internal standard and the concentration of the analyte with the correlation coefficients all above 0. 99 over the dynamic range of 0.5 - 10 micro g/kg. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of AOZ, AMOZ, SEM, AHD and DNSH were 0.5 micro g/kg. The average recoveries of all the compounds at four spiked levels of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4. 0 micro g/kg ranged from 81.3% to 100.5% with the RSDs between 3.4% and 10.0% (n =6). The method is proved to be fast and effective for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the metabolites of the nitrofuran antibiotics in aquatic products. | High | [
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Niko Pro Want a full face of flawless makeup? Then you need Niko Pro makeup brush sets and accessories. Niko Pro is at the forefront of makeup application trends, supplying professional makeup brushes and tools that not only look elegant but also let you apply your makeup with ease. From foundation to eyeshadow application, the innovative OVA brush sets will give you effortless blending every single time. If that’s not enough, Niko Pro is 100% vegan and cruelty free! So to bag the latest trend in beauty tools at discounted prices search the collection here at The Beauty Store. | High | [
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Elizabeth Berkley Eliminated From Dancing With The Stars After her elimination, Elizabeth Berkley talks with Access’ Shaun Robinson about why she feels her “Dancing with the Stars” journey was “cut short.” Also, she tells Shaun why she’s “really proud” of her partnership with Val Chmerkovskiy. | Mid | [
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#if UNITY_ANDROID namespace GooglePlayGames.Android { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using GooglePlayGames.BasicApi; using GooglePlayGames.BasicApi.SavedGame; using UnityEngine; internal class AndroidSnapshotMetadata : ISavedGameMetadata { private AndroidJavaObject mJavaSnapshot; private AndroidJavaObject mJavaMetadata; private AndroidJavaObject mJavaContents; public AndroidSnapshotMetadata(AndroidJavaObject javaSnapshot) { mJavaSnapshot = javaSnapshot; mJavaMetadata = javaSnapshot.Call<AndroidJavaObject>("getMetadata"); mJavaContents = javaSnapshot.Call<AndroidJavaObject>("getSnapshotContents"); } public AndroidSnapshotMetadata(AndroidJavaObject javaMetadata, AndroidJavaObject javaContents) { mJavaSnapshot = null; mJavaMetadata = javaMetadata; mJavaContents = javaContents; } public AndroidJavaObject JavaSnapshot { get { return mJavaSnapshot; } } public AndroidJavaObject JavaMetadata { get { return mJavaMetadata; } } public AndroidJavaObject JavaContents { get { return mJavaContents; } } public bool IsOpen { get { if (mJavaContents == null) { return false; } return !mJavaContents.Call<bool>("isClosed"); } } public string Filename { get { return mJavaMetadata.Call<string>("getUniqueName"); } } public string Description { get { return mJavaMetadata.Call<string>("getDescription"); } } public string CoverImageURL { get { return mJavaMetadata.Call<string>("getCoverImageUrl"); } } public TimeSpan TotalTimePlayed { get { return TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(mJavaMetadata.Call<long>("getPlayedTime")); } } public DateTime LastModifiedTimestamp { get { long timestamp = mJavaMetadata.Call<long>("getLastModifiedTimestamp"); System.DateTime lastModifiedTime = AndroidJavaConverter.ToDateTime(timestamp); return lastModifiedTime; } } } } #endif | High | [
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In July of 2001, with funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign undertook a project to test the efficacy of using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata ... Presentation delivered at a day-long symposium "Collaborating to Preserve Our Print Collections" at ALA Annual 2014. Sponsored by Maine Shared Collections and the Center for Research Libraries. Outlining early thoughts of ... The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Library recently participated in two new “Just-in-Time” acquisitions programs, both of which employed Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA). The first study was jointly run ... First-year undergraduate students frequently encounter navigation problems in locating known items in the library. This study follows students through the library collection after they have a call number in order to uncover ... For a long time the balance between inter-mediated resource use or searching and independent use of library catalogs and resources has been shifting. Now users do more than ever on their own—sometimes coming to librarians ... This presentation provides an overview of UIUC's Hub and Spoke Architecture for Repository Interoperability and Preservation which was developed as part of a Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure ... IDEALS (Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship, online at www.ideals.illinois.edu) is the set of scholarly communication services and collections that use the institutional repository (IR) ... “Agricultural communications” is an emerging field which is naturally both part of the “agriculture” and “communications” literature. However, it is much broader than just a subset of each. The coverage of standard ... The Illinois Newspaper Project (INP), based at the University of Illinois, has made significant contributions to the citizens of Illinois through its work in identifying, cataloguing, microfilming, and digitizing Illinois ... Hensley, Merinda Kaye(Association of College and Research Libraries, 2015) The recent release of the 2013 Ithaka S+R Library Survey indicates deans/directors highly value library instruction, instructional design, and information literacy services, and will be supporting these efforts in the next ... This paper analyzes student evaluations of library orientation and information literacy instruction over a ten-year period, 2002 to 2011. The survey respondents were five hundred students who were taking or had just ... This paper seeks to explore how and via what tools music students are identifying, locating, and accessing music materials – specifically scores and recordings – for use in their music studies. It also aims to examine ... The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a usability study which inquired into undergraduate student information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod touch. Students characterize the overall nature of information ... | Mid | [
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Q: How can I reset a hash completely without using a for loop? I would like to completely reset my %hash so that it does not contain keys or values at all. I prefer to use a one-liner than have to use a loop. So far I have tried: %hash = 0; %hash = undef; But these both throw errors in strict mode with warnings enabled, so I wrote a simple for loop to achieve the same thing: for (keys %hash) { delete $hash{$_}; } This works but I would really like to do this with a one-liner. Is there a way to simply reset a hash that I am overlooking? A: Both %hash = (); and undef %hash; will work, with the difference that the latter will give back some memory to use for other things. The former will keep the memory the things in the hash used before, assuming it'll be used again later anyway, when the hash is being refilled. You can use Devel::Peek to observe that behaviour: $ perl -MDevel::Peek -we'my %foo = (0 .. 99); %foo = (); Dump \%foo; undef %foo; Dump \%foo' SV = IV(0x23b18e8) at 0x23b18f0 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (TEMP,ROK) RV = 0x23acd28 SV = PVHV(0x23890b0) at 0x23acd28 REFCNT = 2 FLAGS = (PADMY,SHAREKEYS) ARRAY = 0x23b5d38 KEYS = 0 FILL = 0 MAX = 63 RITER = -1 EITER = 0x0 SV = IV(0x23b18e8) at 0x23b18f0 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (TEMP,ROK) RV = 0x23acd28 SV = PVHV(0x23890b0) at 0x23acd28 REFCNT = 2 FLAGS = (PADMY,SHAREKEYS) ARRAY = 0x0 KEYS = 0 FILL = 0 MAX = 7 RITER = -1 EITER = 0x0 The MAX fields in the PVHVs are the important bit. A: How about %hash = (); A: You can use undef: undef %hash; | Mid | [
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Q: Should I use SQLite database version 2.1 or 3.0? I am new to Sqlite and am starting to play around with using it for a small php project. My question is should I use an sqlite 2.1 DB or sqlite 3? What are the pros and cons of each? Is sqlite 3 available on most hosts nowadays? I want to use the version that is most widely available. Any insight would be appreciated. Thanks! A: SQLite 3 adds UTF-8 support, so for that reason alone you're far better off with it than an older version. unless you have a specific reason to require backwards compatibility with older versions you should use version 3. SQLite 3 also supports BLOBs and offers improved concurrency. | High | [
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As you may well have noticed, dragons are shaping up to be kind of a big deal in Game of Thrones. Dragons to Westeros are what Ron Burgundy is to Seventies San Diego. With winter well and truly here, their fiery breath is going to be needed more than ever to keep the icy White Walkers at bay. It’s not just the fiery creatures that you need to be paying attention too, as a few key places and names in the show have the dragon-prefix. With so much draconem-vocab, you’re forgiven for sometimes mixing your Dragonstone up with your dragonglass – or not knowing what they are in the first place. But don’t fret, this article is on hand to separate the castles from the mythical creatures as season 8 may start to blur the lines... What and where is Dragonstone? | Mid | [
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A method of fixing a magnetic disk in a disk apparatus has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-291301, for instance, where an upper surface of a flange which is formed at a lower side of a hub constitutes an annular disk support on which magnetic disks and a spacer are alternately superposed, with a clamp disposed on top, and a clamp screw is tightened so that the clamp is deformed by an applied tightening force, imposing a clamping force on the magnetic disk to thereby fix the magnetic disk. It is also known that in the above-described structure an elastic member having a large coefficient of friction, such as one made of polyurethane rubber, is interposed between the magnetic disk and the spacer, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H6(1994)-28752, for instance. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-291301 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H6(1994)-28752 | Mid | [
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Q: Why are floating point types invalid template parameter types for template functions? I read on a website that the declaration template <int x> int func() { return x; } is valid while the following is not template <double x> double func() { return x; } Why is the first a legal declaration for a template function while the second is not? A: It is not valid because it is not an integral type. There are certain restrictions on nontype template parameters and this is one of them, which says ... Floating-point numbers and class-type objects are not allowed as nontype template parameters. template <double VAT> // ERROR: floating-point values are not double process(double v) { // allowed as template parameters return v * VAT; } template <std::string name> // ERROR: class-type objects are not class MyClass { // allowed as template parameters /* ... */ }; The above is quoted from C++ Templates. I take no credits for it. The reason why they are not valid for template initialization, as per my understanding, is because types like float and double don't have a defined implementation in C++. So when a template like template <double VAT> double process(double v); is initialized with two different double values as template <(double) 2/3> double process(2.3) template <(double) 1/3> double process(2.4); they might not have same bit representation because of double nontype, which confuses the compiler. | High | [
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Raphael Høegh-Krohn Jan Raphael Høegh-Krohn (10 February 1938 – 24 January 1988) was a Norwegian mathematician. He finished his Ph.D. in 1966 entitled On Partly Gentle Perturbation with Application to Perturbation by Annihilation-Creation Operator under the supervision of Kurt Friedrichs at the New York University. He has authored over 150 papers and is known for the discovery of a fundamental duality in relativistic quantum statistical mechanics by representing the basic correlation functions in terms of a certain stochastic process, now known as the Høegh-Krohn process. Books Albeverio, Sergio; Gesztesy, Friedrich; Høegh-Krohn, Raphael; Holden, Helge: Solvable models in quantum mechanics. Texts and Monographs in Physics. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988. Albeverio, Sergio; Høegh-Krohn, Raphael; Fenstad, Jens Erik; Lindstrøm, Tom: Nonstandard methods in stochastic analysis and mathematical physics. Pure and Applied Mathematics, 122. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 1986. Albeverio, S.; Gesztesy, F.; Høegh-Krohn, R.; Holden, H.: Solvable models in quantum mechanics. Second edition. With an appendix by Pavel Exner. AMS Chelsea Publishing, Providence, RI, 2005. Albeverio, Sergio A.; Høegh-Krohn, Raphael J.: Mathematical theory of Feynman path integrals. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 523. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1976. External links Category:1938 births Category:1988 deaths Category:Norwegian mathematicians Category:University of Oslo faculty Category:20th-century mathematicians Category:People from Ålesund | High | [
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Bask in the vibrancy of warm hospitality in amazing London London, the world's largest financial centre is often regarded as a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city with the world's largest city airport system. It is also the world's leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world. As the world's foremost fashion destination, London is a shopper’s paradise: from flea markets and vintage shops to luxury department stores like Selfridges and Harrods, the options are endless. And did you know that there are more than 230 theatres in London making it the world's third busiest film production centre, presents more live comedy than any other city and has the biggest theatre audience of any city in the world. Check out more London travel tips here. Who could forget Jamie Raven's mesmerising, electrifying, How-did-he-do-that? performances on Britain's Got Talent in 2015 that made Simon Cowell exclaim: 'I now actually believe in magic!'? After storming through to the Britain's Got Talent final, Jamie went onto headline the West End Box Smash 'The Illusionists' before taking his first sell out tour “Jamie Raven - Live” out on the road in 2016 and 2017. Expect the very unexpected, as Jamie takes you on a journey through the magical world in which he operates. Sit back, relax, and suspend your belief in all you thought was possible and watch as the highly talented Jamie Raven shows you exactly how for 25 years he has been “Making Magic”. If you are in London around November to December, you should at least check out this space once! Bask in the festive atmosphere and skate around Hyde Park’s Victorian bandstand to the sounds of a live band. Reputedly the biggest open-air ice skating rink in the country, Winter Wonderland’s ice rink in Hyde Park is surrounded by bustling Christmas markets, fairground rides, wintry food and drink stalls and many more festive attractions. Enjoy a day skating session on a crisp winter day, or see the park lit up for Christmas with an evening skate. I wish to be enrolled in the Dorsett Loyalty Program, and understand and agree that the personal information, including my name, contact details and other information collected for the program member profile, will be automatically processed and used by the Dorsett Loyalty Program, Dorsett Hospitality International Limited ("Dorsett") and its appointed data processors in relation to bookings I make using the Dorsett Loyalty Program. By enrolling in the Dorsett Loyalty Program, I agree to the General Conditions of Use of the Program. I Wish to receive news read more I wish to receive news on the hotels, products, and services, as well as the latest events and promotional offers from Dorsett about Dorsett and selected partners through various communication channels, such as, direct mail, phone, email or e-message or the like. We use cookies to help us personalise and improve your experience. By continuing to use the website, you are agreeing to this. Please read our Privacy Policy. Sign up for Newsletter By ticking this box, I consent to the user and disclose my information for the purposes of marketing Dorsett Hospitality International Limited and its hotels to me. For more information on our data protection policy, click here. First Name * Last Name * Email Address * Location * By ticking this box, I consent to the user and disclose my information for the purposes of marketing Dorsett Hospitality International Limited. products and services to me. For more information on our data protection policy, click here. | Mid | [
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Uber has agreed to pay a $20,000 penalty and overhaul privacy and security practices to settle the New York attorney general's investigation into a security breach and the ride-share service's so-called God View tracking program. The company will encrypt GPS tracking information, regularly assess its privacy and security practices, and restrict access to sensitive information to designated employees, state Attorney General Eric Schneiderman's office said Wednesday. “This settlement protects the personal information of Uber riders from potential abuse by company executives and staff, including the real-time locations of riders in an Uber vehicle,” Schneiderman said in a statement. Uber did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The settlement stems from Schneiderman's investigation of two incidents. In September 2014, an Uber employee posted information about the company's cloud storage system to Github, a software collaboration site. With that information, an outside party not associated with Uber accessed driver information, including names and drivers' license numbers. The attorney general's office said the $20,000 penalty comes from Uber failing to report the data breach until months later, in February 2015. The settlement also concerned Uber's real-time GPS tracking program, called "God View." The program gave Uber employees easy access to real-time movements of Uber drivers and passengers, along with their personal identifying information. The investigation began after BuzzFeed reporter said she had been tracked without her permission by Uber’s New York general manager Josh Mohrer. "Mohrer met her as soon she stepped out of her vehicle, saying 'There you are. I was tracking you,'" Schneiderman's office said. Also on HuffPost: PHOTO GALLERY 6 Facts About Uber | Low | [
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While stopping short of saying the NFL would require its players to stand, Goodell strongly suggested in a letter to NFL teams that at next week’s meeting the league would propose to owners that players be required to do so, while also providing a platform to recognize their community activism. “Like many of our fans, we believe that everyone should stand for the national anthem,” Goodell wrote to NFL club presidents and chief executives. “It is an important moment in our game. We want to honor our flag and our country, and our fans expect that of us. We also care deeply about our players and respect their opinions and concerns about critical social issues. The controversy over the anthem is a barrier to having honest conversations and making real progress on the underlying issues. We need to move past this controversy, and we want to do that together with our players.” AD AD Goodell said the league’s plan would include “an in-season platform to promote the work of players” on social issues, “and that will help to promote positive change in our country.” Next week’s meeting in New York was previously scheduled, but the ongoing controversy over the national anthem forced the issue to the top of the agenda. “There is no fixed proposal. We will have a discussion around all of these issues,” said one person familiar with the league’s deliberations. Goodell has had recent discussions with owners and player leaders over the anthem issue. One set of conversations has come with a group of players including Malcolm Jenkins, Anquan Boldin, Michael Bennett and Torrey Smith. Those players have asked for official league support of players’ community activism. AD “I expect and look forward to a full and open discussion of these issues when we meet next week in New York,” Goodell wrote. “Everyone involved in the game needs to come together on a path forward to continue to be a force for good within our communities, protect the game, and preserve our relationship with fans throughout the country. The NFL is at its best when we ourselves are unified. In that spirit, let’s resolve that next week we will meet this challenge in a unified and positive way.” AD Sarah Huckabee Sanders, the White House press secretary, was asked about Goodell’s letter at her daily briefing and said: “We would support the NFL coming out and asking players to stand, as the president has done … Our position hasn’t changed on that front. We’re glad to see NFL taking positive steps in that direction.” The NFL Players Association did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Goodell’s memo. AD Joe Lockhart, the NFL’s executive vice president of communications and public affairs, declined in a conference call with reporters Tuesday morning to give a direct answer when asked whether the league believes that a team, under current rules, is within its rights to compel its players to stand for the anthem. Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones said Sunday that any Cowboys player who protests during the anthem and, in Jones’s view, thereby shows disrespect to the American flag will be benched and will not play. Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross also has said he expects his team’s players to stand for the anthem. The Dolphins enacted a policy this past weekend by their coach, Adam Gase, in which players must stand for the anthem if on the team’s sideline, but have the option to remain in the locker room or in the tunnel leading to the field for the anthem. AD AD “We’re going to do this together as an ownership group and a league with the players,” Lockhart said Tuesday. Owners are scheduled to meet next Tuesday and Wednesday in Manhattan. It is their regular fall meeting and was scheduled before the anthem controversy was amplified by recent comments made by President Trump criticizing players for protesting during the national anthem. “I think everyone at this point is frustrated by this situation,” Lockhart said, and added: “The commissioner and the owners do want the players to stand.” The owners’ meeting will include “a discussion about the entire issue, including the [anthem] policy,” said Lockhart, who declined to make a prediction about the outcome of those deliberations. AD Lockhart said “nothing has changed” regarding the league’s view of enforcing anthem-related guidelines in its game operations manual. That manual, distributed to teams by the league, says that players must be on the sideline for the anthem and should be standing. Failure to be on the sideline could result in discipline being imposed, the manual says. The league has not issued any discipline this season for such violations. AD “It doesn’t say the players must stand,” Lockhart said. “It says the players should stand.” Lockhart said he does not know whether DeMaurice Smith, the executive director of the NFLPA, and other union representatives were told by Goodell and New York Giants co-owner John Mara during a meeting last week that players would not face discipline for protests during the anthem, as Smith said Monday. AD “Last week both the commissioner and the chair of the NFL Management Council John Mara were clear when they assured our union leaders, in the presence of other owners, that they would respect the Constitutional rights of our members without retribution,” Smith said in a written statement Monday. Lockhart said he does not believe that any potential changes to the sport’s anthem policies would have to be collectively bargained with the players’ union. AD Those guidelines are spelled out in the game operations manual, not the publicly available NFL rule book. The NFL’s game operations manual says: “The national anthem must be played prior to every NFL game, and all players must be on the sideline for the national anthem. AD “During the national anthem, players on the field and bench area should stand at attention, face the flag, hold helmets in their left hand, and refrain from talking. The home team should ensure that the American flag is in good condition. It should be pointed out to players and coaches that we continue to be judged by the public in this area of respect for the flag and our country. Failure to be on the field by the start of the national anthem may result in discipline, such as fines, suspensions, and/or the forfeiture of draft choice(s) for violations of the above, including first offenses.” AD The Cowboys are on their bye week and do not play this weekend, so their next game will come after the owners’ meeting. The Dolphins play Sunday at Atlanta. Three Dolphins players last weekend were not on the field for the anthem. Two Cowboys players raised their fists at the conclusion of the anthem Sunday night, but Jones said Sunday night he had not seen that. AD Trump has been unyielding. He said he instructed Vice President Pence to leave Sunday’s Colts-49ers game in Indianapolis if players protested during the national anthem, and later praised Pence’s early exit. Trump suggested Tuesday on Twitter that what he described as “massive tax breaks” received by the NFL should be addressed. “Why is the NFL getting massive tax breaks while at the same time disrespecting our Anthem, Flag and Country? Change tax law!” Trump wrote. AD Lockhart pointed out that the NFL relinquished its tax-exempt status in 2015 and that individual teams were taxed even when the league had that status. “Even when we had tax exempt status, it did not result in a tax break …. We do not receive any massive tax breaks, none at all,” Lockhart said. Some owners seem wary of the business implications of the anthem controversy and the public feud with the White House. To this point, there has been no indication of any major sponsors dropping the NFL. The league has disputed a link between the protests and sagging TV ratings. But the NFL has acknowledged that it knows many fans are angry and sponsors are wary of the league engaging in a very heated and public political debate. David Nakamura contributed to this report. | Mid | [
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Dizziness Dizziness refers to any sensation of unsteadiness. A person experiencing it might feel weak, faint, or woozy. It is often accompanied by a feeling of movement, either one of spinning or floating, despite the lack of any actual movement. Dizziness is a symptom of many conditions, a few of them serious but the majority, minor. What Causes Dizziness? When the body’s balance and sensory systems transmit false signals to the brain, it incorrectly interprets a sense of movement, resulting in dizziness. These signals originate in the inner ear, eyes, or sensory nerves, and are affected by conditions such as low blood pressure, anemia, dehydration, heart disorders, bleeding, and medications (e.g. beta blockers or nitroglycerin). A person may feel lightheadedness or faint. Vertigo – a false perception of motion – is another common experience. Dizziness may be accompanied by confusion, disorientation, nausea, or vomiting. Some of the more common conditions that can cause dizziness include high blood pressure, hypotension (a lack of blood to the head when getting up from a lying position), hyperventilation, heart conditions, and endocrine system disorders such as diabetes, Thyroid disease, and Addison’s disease. How is Dizziness Treated? It is important to evaluate the condition that is causing dizziness, keeping in mind that it’s a symptom rather than a disease. A thorough physical exam and a series of diagnostic tests may be needed to determine the exact cause. Treatment could involve medication, surgery, physical or occupational therapy, or vestibular rehabilitation. Sometimes, successful treatment entails making a few simple lifestyle changes. | Mid | [
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Q: Binomial limit evaluation I'd like to evaluate a somewhat atypical limit: for any constant $0<c<1$ and for $n$ odd, I'd like to evaluate the limit $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{1}{2^n}\sum\limits_{k = \frac{n+1}{2}}^n \binom{n}{k}(1 - c^n)^k(1+c^n)^{n-k}.$$ Of course, when $c=0$ this is $1/2$, but I'm most curious about the case where $c$ is near $1$. Is there any choice of $c$ that makes this limit zero? If someone has a nice way of thinking about the asymptotics of this in terms of $n$, I'd be greatly appreciative. Thanks! A: For fixed $c$ with $|c|<1$, I think the usual gaussian approximation to the binomial distribution will yield the limit $1/2$ as $n\to\infty$. The binomial distribution in question is $X_n\sim B(n,(1-c^n)/2)$, for which the limit under study is $\lim_{n\to\infty} P(X_n>n/2)$. The proposal is to pretend $X_n=n(1-c^n)/2 + \sqrt{n(1-c^{2n})/4}\, Z$ where $Z\sim N(0,1)$ is standard normal. Then the event $[X_n>n/2]$ is replaced by the event $[Z>z_n]$, where $z_n=\sqrt n c^n/\sqrt{1-c^{2n}}$. Since $|c|<1$, we have $z_n\to0$ and $P(Z_n>z_n)\to 1/2$. The error introduced by our pretense is bounded by the Berry Esseen Theorem: $$ \big| P(X_n>n/2) - P(Z>z_n)\big| = \mathcal O\big( \frac 1 {\sqrt n}\big),$$ where the implied constants hold uniformly in $n$ as the absolute third moments of the underlying Bernoulli rvs are uniformly bounded in $n$. | High | [
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33.5,
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FREMONT — The third fatal incident involving Fremont police officers in as many months ended with a man dead in an alley near Decoto Road on Sunday night and at least one other suspect detained. var _ndnq = _ndnq || []; _ndnq.push([’embed’]); Few details were available Monday about the shooting, which happened around 11:37 p.m. behind a Walgreens store at 3860 Decoto Road, near Fremont Boulevard. Related Articles Police won’t release names of cops in shooting of pregnant woman in Hayward Fremont: Fatal officer-involved shooting closes roadway Fremont: DA, police investigate fatal officer-involved shooting The fatal encounter unfolded after East Bay Regional Park District police notified Fremont police dispatch that one of their officers had made contact with a car “involving a firearm” in the parking lot of a 7-Eleven store at 35015 Fremont Blvd., across the street from the Walgreens, Fremont police Sgt. Ricardo Cortés said. Parks police requested that Fremont officers respond for backup. One of the officers contacted a suspect in the car after arriving at the store, and that suspect fled the parking lot, Cortés said. The shooting came moments later, and Cortés said two officers fired their weapons. Cortés said the officers followed the suspect “over behind the Walgreens, where the officers did fire their weapons.” He said the suspect was pronounced dead at the scene. Police did not release any information about the suspect they detained. No officers were injured. The shooting came less than a month after two Fremont police detectives fatally shot a pregnant 16-year-old girl Antioch girl during an armed robbery investigation in Hayward. Police have not identified the two detectives, but information obtained by this newspaper through a public records request revealed the two detectives were dressed in plainclothes when they shot Elena Mondragon on March 14. An eight-year veteran of the department, Officer James Taylor, fatally shot Nana Barfi Adomako on Feb. 5 during an altercation on Mowry Avenue near Sutter Drive, after Adomako had allegedly attacked employees in a wireless store. That officer suffered non-life-threatening injuries in the fight. Lt. Alan Love with the parks district police said in an interview Monday that the parks district officer was initially drawn to the parking lot of the 7-Eleven by a person trying to get his attention. “Our officer was flagged down by a citizen who reported seeing a subject with a firearm, which caused our officer to notify Fremont PD, as the subject was still on scene,” Love said. “To my understanding, he did not approach the car, he just requested backup.” The clerk at the 7-Eleven told this newspaper the man who was shot by police had been in the store shortly before the incident began and had purchased cigarettes and beer. Cortés could not confirm if the man shot by police had exchanged gunfire with officers, or if he had a gun on his person, saying the investigation is just underway. A witness, Rory Christy, said he was walking up to the 7-Eleven when he saw an officer with his gun drawn, aimed at a car in the lot. When a man got out of the car and ran east across Fremont Boulevard, Christy said he heard gunshots. Cortés said there was more than one person in the car and the other passengers were detained. Officers from Newark, Hayward, San Leandro, Milpitas and the East Bay Regional Park District police agencies, as well as the California Highway Patrol assisted Fremont police. Last June, two Fremont police officers were shot and wounded by a suspect, who later was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound following the lengthy standoff. | Low | [
0.49330357142857106,
27.625,
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257 F.3d 738 (8th Cir. 2001) JEFFREY GORMAN, APPELLANT/CROSS-APPELLEE,v.RICHARD EASLEY, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS CHIEF OF POLICE OF THE KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI POLICE DEPARTMENT; DR. STACEY DANIELS-YOUNG, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI; JEFFREY J. SIMON, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI; JOSEPH J. MULVIHILL, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI; DENNIS C. ECKHOLD, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI; KAY BARNES, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI;NEIL BECKER, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS A MEMBER OF THE KANSAS CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT, APPELLEES/CROSS-APPELLANTS. No. 00-1029, 00-1030 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Submitted: January 8, 2001Filed: June 13, 2001 Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri.[Copyrighted Material Omitted] Before Beam, Morris Sheppard Arnold, Circuit Judges and Alsop,1 District Judge. Beam, Circuit Judge. 1 We have twice before heard appeals in this case. It has now been tried before a jury, which rendered a verdict against the defendant appellees (collectively "the Police Board" or "the Board"). Jeffrey Gorman now appeals the district court's post-trial ruling that punitive damages are not available under the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disability Act. The Board, for its part, asserts Eleventh Amendment immunity, and appeals various trial court rulings. We reverse and remand for further proceedings. I. 2 A January 1988 auto accident left Jeffrey Gorman a paraplegic. He lacks voluntary control over his lower torso and legs, including his bladder. His inability to steady himself with his abdominal muscles and legs confines him to a wheelchair specially designed to keep him upright. He must also wear a catheter attached to a urine bag around his waist, which must be emptied in order to prevent urine from backing up into his body and causing an infection or a kidney disorder. 3 One Saturday night in May 1992, Gorman and a friend were in the Westport area of Kansas City, Missouri, where they entered a dance club called "Guitars and Cadillacs." While in the club, the two became involved in an altercation with a bouncer, which ultimately resulted in Gorman's forceful ejection from the premises. Outside, Gorman approached several police officers, hoping they would intercede on his behalf. In fact, the officers were off-duty and working as private security for Westport. The officers told Gorman that he had to leave. When he refused, they placed him under arrest for trespass. 4 While waiting for the police van, Gorman told the officers that he had to go to the restroom to empty his full urine bag, but was told to wait until he got to the station. When the van arrived it lacked wheelchair locks, which would have permitted Gorman's transportation in his chair. Rather, it contained only a narrow bench. Gorman told the officers that he could not possibly ride in it. Given his inability to stay upright without his wheelchair, Gorman thought he would fall from the bench. Gorman testified that he told the officers this, that he told them how to lift him from his chair, and that he needed his molded cushion. Regardless, the officers placed Gorman on the bench and used a seatbelt to strap him in. The seatbelt did not properly hold Gorman upright, and it lay across his already full urine bag. Gorman testified that after he complained about the seatbelt, the officers loosened it, and used Gorman's own belt to strap him to the mesh behind the bench in order to hold him upright. The officers were unable to fold the wheelchair, and placed it, unfolded, in the back of the van.2 5 Officer Becker, the van driver and only on-duty officer involved, then drove the van away from the scene. Gorman testified that his body swayed with every turn and acceleration. Gorman admitted that he released his seatbelt out of concern over the pressure it was placing on his urine bag. Eventually, the other belt also came undone and Gorman fell to the van floor. The impact from the fall exploded Gorman's urine bag, soaking him with his own urine. Noticing that Gorman had fallen, Officer Becker stopped the van. Unable to lift Gorman by himself, Officer Becker tied him to a support in the back of the van for the duration of the trip. The trip also damaged the wheelchair. After arriving at the station, Gorman was booked, processed and released. He was subsequently convicted of misdemeanor trespass. 6 After these events, Gorman began having medical difficulties. He suffered a bladder infection from urine backing up into his system and began suffering serious lower back pain. Whereas prior to that night he had been active and pain-free, his injuries left him unable to work a full day, suffering frequent pain, uncontrollable spasms in his paralyzed areas, and shoulder problems. Expert testimony suggested that these injuries and the resulting pain are permanent. 7 Gorman sued the Police Board under Title V, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. 794 ("section 504"), and Title II, section 202 of the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), 42 U.S.C. 12132 ("section 202"). Section 504 prohibits disability-based discrimination in any public program receiving federal funds. Section 202 more generally prohibits disability-based discrimination in any public program or services regardless of the receipt of federal funds. In Gorman v. Bartch, 152 F.3d 907, 912-13 (8th Cir. 1998), we held that despite Gorman's involuntary participation in the public services provided to detainees, he could pursue his claim under sections 504 and 202. After a trial, a jury found the defendants liable and awarded Gorman actual damages of $1,034,817.33 and punitive damages of $1,200,000.3 This appeal followed. II. 8 We begin with the Police Board's claim of sovereign immunity. The Board interposes as dispositive our holding in Alsbrook v. City of Maumelle, 184 F.3d 999 (8th Cir. 1999), cert. denied sub nom., Alsbrook v. Arkansas, 529 U.S. 1001 (2000), that the Eleventh Amendment bars suits against the states in federal court under section 202. Gorman argues the Police Board's failure to similarly address his section 504 claim renders that argument moot. However, the Eleventh Amendment implicates our jurisdiction, which we are obliged to explore even where the parties fail to do so. Long v. Bureau of Reclamation, 236 F.3d 910, 916 (8th Cir. 2001). We are therefore bound to consider whether sovereign immunity prevents Gorman from bringing a claim against the Police Board under either statute. Alsbrook alone does not dispose of that issue, for it leaves us with two questions: whether sovereign immunity similarly bars suits against a state in federal court under section 504; and whether the Police Board constitutes an arm of the state entitled to sovereign immunity. Because we resolve the latter question in the negative, we do not reach the former. 9 Sovereign immunity extends to states and "arms" of the state, but not to local governments. Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706, 756 (1999); Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, Inc. v. Nixon, 210 F.3d 814, 819 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 121 S. Ct. 383 (2000). Whether an entity constitutes such an "arm" turns on its relationship to the state under state law.4 Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Doe, 519 U.S. 425, 430-31 & n.5 (1997); Mt. Healthy City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 280 (1977). 10 In our own "arm of the state" jurisprudence, we have looked generally to three factors: (1) an agency's powers and characteristics under state law; (2) an agency's relationship to the state-its autonomy from the state and degree of control over its own affairs, and (3) whether any award would flow from the state treasury. Treleven v. University of Minn., 73 F.3d 816, 818 (8th Cir. 1996); accord Hadley v. North Ark. Cmty. Tech. Coll., 76 F.3d 1437 (8th Cir. 1996) (finding community college to be an arm of the state based upon the state's ultimate financial liability and the institution's status under state law); Greenwood v. Ross, 778 F.2d 448 (8th Cir. 1985) (directing inquiry to degree of local autonomy and control and whether suit will draw payment from the state treasury). Because a state may only waive its immunity upon an "unequivocally expressed . . . clear declaration" of an intent to do so, we give particular heed to a state's treatment of its subdivisions under its own laws. College Savs. Bank v. Florida Prepaid Post-secondary Educ. Expense Bd., 527 U.S. 666, 676 (1999) (citations omitted). Likewise, we give substantial weight to whether litigation against a particular entity would draw on the public fisc. Hess v. Port Auth. Trans-Hudson Corp., 513 U.S. 30, 38 (1994); Regents, 519 U.S. at 430. 11 Our resolution of this issue in this case is guided by two holdings. The first is the Supreme Court's ruling in Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452, 456 n.1 (1997), that the St. Louis Board of Police is not "an arm of the state." There, the Court noted that "[w]hile the Governor appoints four of the board's five members, the city of St. Louis is responsible for the board's financial liabilities, and the board is not subject to the State's direction or control in any other respect. It is therefore not an 'arm of the State' for Eleventh Amendment purposes." Id. (citations omitted). 12 The elements relied upon by the Supreme Court in Auer were recently reaffirmed in Smith v. Missouri, No. W.D. 58882, 2001 WL 471937, at *1 (Mo. Ct. App. May 7, 2001), where the Missouri Court of Appeals addressed the question whether members of the St. Louis Police Board and police officers with the City of St. Louis were entitled to coverage under the Missouri State Legal Expense Fund. That fund makes money available for payment of damages levied against any state agency or officer or employee thereof. Id. at *2. The court undertook a rigorous analysis of the St. Louis Board of Police in order to determine whether it was the sort of state agency the creators of the Legal Expense Fund had intended to include under its coverage. The court noted that the Board is a creature of state, and not local law. Id. at *4. Moreover, it noted that the Board was intentionally set up to be above local political influence, and to that end, as the Supreme Court noted, four of the Board's five members are appointed by the Missouri Governor. Id. at *3-4. However, the court went on to note that the State's funding mechanism ensures that the St. Louis Board is funded by the people of St. Louis. Id. at *5-6. Finally, the court examined the St. Louis Board's functions and purpose, which relate primarily to the city.5 In particular, the court noted that the state has no day-to-day control over the St. Louis Board. Id. at *7-*8. In sum, the Missouri Court of Appeals concluded that at best, the St. Louis Board is a "hybrid agency." Id. at *6-8. As regards the Legal Expense Fund, the court concluded that "the legislature's intent in creating and maintaining the Fund is to provide coverage to those agencies and employees whose duties and actions directly impact the whole state and over which the state retains more direct control." Id. at 8. The St. Louis Board not being such an entity, the court concluded the state has no obligation to pay judgments against its members or officers. Id. at *11. 13 The Kansas City Board, at issue in this case, is similarly a creature of Missouri state law, and is managed in a substantially similar manner. Mo. Ann. Stat. 84.350 -84.870. Its functions are primarily local. Its structure mirrors that which the Supreme Court found in Auer to not be an arm of the state. Moreover, as the Missouri Court of Appeals confirmed in Smith, and as the Supreme Court stated in Auer, Board members are not subject to reimbursement from the state treasury for any money judgments rendered against them. Because for the purposes at issue in this case relevant state law treats entities such as the Board as not being a state agency, and because the state is not responsible for judgments against it, we conclude that the Kansas City Board does not constitute an arm of the state for purposes of Eleventh Amendment immunity. III. 14 Gorman appeals the district court's post-trial ruling that neither section 504 nor section 202 permits punitive damages. We have twice permitted monetary remedies under section 504, Rodgers v. Magnet Cove Pub. Schs., 34 F.3d 642 (8th Cir. 1994); Miener v. Missouri, 673 F.2d 969 (8th Cir. 1982), but the availability of punitive damages remains an open question, Gorman v. Bartch, 152 F.3d 907, 910 n.2 (8th Cir. 1998). This raises a question that only one other circuit has addressed. See Moreno v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 99 F.3d 782 (6th Cir. 1996) (holding that punitive damages are not available under section 504). While we are sympathetic to the Sixth Circuit's conclusion, we find it foreclosed by controlling precedent. 15 Sections 504 and 202 both borrow their remedies from Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. 29 U.S.C. 794a(a)(2); 42 U.S.C. 12133. The pertinent question, therefore, is what remedies Title VI permits. Unfortunately, Title VI expressly provides neither a private cause of action nor remedies for such an action. See 42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq. In Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677, 694-703 (1979), however, the Supreme Court held that Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 created an implied cause of action in its protected class. In doing so, the Supreme Court relied heavily on the fact that Title IX had been modeled on Title VI. The Court assumed Congress knew that Title VI had been interpreted by some lower courts to contain an implied cause of action. Id. at 696-97. Therefore, the Court concluded, Congress must have intended Title IX to similarly include an implied cause of action. This reading has since been turned around to conclude that Title VI must also contain an implied cause of action. Lane v. Pena, 518 U.S. 187, 191 (1996); Guardians Ass'n v. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 463 U.S. 582, 597, 612, 615-16, 635-36 (1983) (seven members of the court recognizing implied action in Title VI in fragmented opinions). For our part, we have twice permitted damages under section 504, thereby corroborating, albeit without discussion, the notion that Title VI contains an implied cause of action. Rodgers, 34 F.3d 642; Miener, 673 F.2d 969. 16 We turn next to Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools, 503 U.S. 60 (1992), which considered the remedies available under the cause of action implied in Title IX. There, the Court affirmed the rule, articulated earlier in Bell v. Hood, 327 U.S. 678, 684 (1946), that "absent clear direction to the contrary by Congress, the federal courts have the power to award any appropriate relief in a cognizable cause of action brought pursuant to a federal statute." Franklin, 503 U.S. at 70-71. The Supreme Court has long made clear that punitive damages are an integral part of the common law tradition and the judicial arsenal. See Pacific Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Haslip, 499 U.S. 1, 15-18 (1991) (reviewing history of punitive damages from Blackstone through the English and American courts); Day v. Woodworth, 54 U.S. 362, 370 (1852) (noting well established common law principle that juries may exact "exemplary, punitive or vindictive" damages). Punitive damages, therefore, fall within the panoply of remedies usually available to American courts. Given an implied cause of action in Title VI, Franklin compels the conclusion that absent express congressional statement to the contrary, Title VI also affords all appropriate remedies, including punitive damages.6 17 The Court in Franklin next took up "whether Congress intended to limit application of this general principle in the enforcement of Title IX." 503 U.S. at 71. Because the cause of action in question was implied rather than expressed, the Court put aside what it considered a pointless discussion of legislative history.7 Id. Rather, it looked to the judicial backdrop against which Congress had legislated. The Court observed that "[i]n the years before and after Congress enacted this statute, the Court followed a common-law tradition and regarded the denial of a remedy as the exception rather than the rule." Id. (quotation and brackets omitted). Once again indulging the assumption that Congress legislates in light of prevailing precedent, the Court found Congress to have intended the availability of all remedies. The Court then reviewed Congress' subsequent treatment of Title IX. In both 1986 and 1987, Congress amended Title IX without disturbing either the Court's holding in Cannon, that Title IX afforded a private remedy, or limiting the availability of remedies thereunder. In fact, the language of the 1986 amendment impliedly recognized the existence of a private cause of action. Id. at 72-73. The Court concluded, "[o]ur reading of the two amendments to Title IX enacted after Cannon leads us to conclude that Congress did not intend to limit the remedies available in a suit brought under Title IX." Id. at 72. 18 Application of Franklin's methodology to this case must begin with the enactment of Title VI in 1964. Cannon and our own holdings in Rodgers and Miener compel the conclusion that in 1964 Congress created an implied cause of action in Title VI.8 At that time, the rule in Bell, relied on in Franklin, that a cause of action affords all appropriate remedies unless expressly limited, was alive and well. As in Franklin, we must therefore conclude that Congress assumed the availability of all remedies, including punitive damages, under Title VI. Congress has not since amended Title VI to limit any cause of action implied thereunder, nor the remedies that might accompany such a cause of action. Congress extended the remedies available under Title VI to section 504 in 1978, 29 U.S.C. 794a, and then to section 202 in 1990, 42 U.S.C. 12133. Congress has never expressly limited the remedies available under those sections either. Therefore, logic dictates, the full panoply of remedies available under Title VI, including punitive damages, must be available under sections 504 and 202. 19 The Sixth Circuit reached the contrary conclusion in Moreno, 99 F.3d 782. It relied largely on two concerns. First, it noted that since the enactment of these various sections, lower federal courts have been in near unanimity that they do not support punitive awards. Id. at 789-91. Second, given this fact, it pointed to the Civil Rights Act of 1991 as proof that Congress itself did not intend the availability of punitive damages. Id. at 790. It additionally pointed to this same evidence to support the proposition that punitive damages would not be "appropriate" in that case. Id. at 791-92. 20 We are sympathetic to the Sixth Circuit's concerns, but find its methodology and conclusions foreclosed by Cannon and Franklin. The Sixth Circuit first pointed to the 1986, 1987 and 1991 amendments to the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA, wherein Congress amended these acts but did not disturb decisions ruling punitive damages unavailable under sections 504 and 202. Noting the assumption, made in Franklin and Cannon, that Congress legislates in light of then-prevailing judicial interpretations, the Sixth Circuit concluded "[t]he only inference of congressional intent that can be drawn from [the amendments] is that Congress intended 504 remedies to remain in statu quo-i.e., no punitive damages." Id. at 791. 21 This reasoning, however, misapplies the Supreme Court's methodology in Franklin and also undermines basic principles of statutory construction. Franklin first requires the determination of what remedies a statutory cause of action afforded at its enactment. It then permits reference to subsequent amendments only to see whether Congress later altered that initial understanding. This comports with the general rule that a statute adopts its meaning at the time of its enactment, and not at some later point by negative inference. In this case, because sections 504 and 202 draw their remedies from Title VI, the inquiry must start with the enactment of Title VI in 1964. As discussed above, Cannon and Franklin compel the conclusion that punitive damages were available as a remedy to a private cause of action under Title VI in 1964, and it is that assumption which provides the baseline against which subsequent amendments must be gauged. Therefore, the 1986, 1987 and 1991 amendments must be read as having not affected the status quo-that punitive damages are available under sections 504 and 202. To draw a contrary conclusion from those amendments would be to hold that Congress' understanding of section 504 in 1986 and 1987, and its understanding of sections 504 and 202 in 1991 trumped Congress' intent regarding those statutes when they were originally enacted, and in this way retroactively amended them. See Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. FDA., 153 F.3d 155, 167 (4th Cir. 1998) (noting that a statute's intent at the time of its enactment governs over subsequent congressional understandings) (citing MCI Telecomm. Corp. v. AT&T, 512 U.S. 218, 222 (1994)), aff'd, 529 U.S. 120 (2000). 22 Despite our conclusion, the Sixth Circuit's concerns are hardly misplaced. When Congress enacted the Rehabilitation Act and at the time of the subsequent amendments, courts generally agreed Title VI and section 504 did not afford monetary damages, and were in near unanimity that they did not permit punitive damages.9 However, the governing statutes and precedents in this case operate as a one-way ratchet: once a cause of action is discovered, it automatically entitles a plaintiff to all appropriate remedies; and that finding then extends those remedies to all other interrelated statutes. This now precludes consideration of what Congress intended through consideration of these earlier court decisions. 23 This tension becomes particularly clear in the context of the 1991 Civil Rights Act. The product of extensive compromise between President George Herbert Walker Bush and Congress, that Act amended the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act to permit limited punitive damages. Specifically, it permitted employees suing under section 107(a) of the ADA and section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act to recover compensatory and punitive damages subject to statutory caps ranging from $50,000 to $300,000. 42 U.S.C. 1981a. It did not, however, affect sections 504 or 202. The text and history of the 1991 Act suggest Congress intended to expand, and not to contract, the available remedies. Congress provided that a "complaining party may recover compensatory and punitive damages," using broadening, and not limiting language. 42 U.S.C. 1981a(a)(2). Legislative history corroborates this interpretation. See, e.g., H.R. Rep. No. 102-40(I & II) (1991), reprinted in 1991 U.S.C.C.A.N. 549, 673 (discussing punitive damage provisions as an expansion of remedies). The following year, those who had pushed for the inclusion of punitive damages in the 1991 Act introduced a bill to remove its damages caps. The proposed bill would have deleted 42 U.S.C. 1981a(b)(3), which contains the caps, but would not have removed the language authorizing punitive and compensatory damages, suggesting that even then, they considered the new language necessary to create a punitive damage remedy under the acts. See Equal Remedies Act, S. Rep. No. 102-286 (1992), 1992 WL 113471 (Leg. Hist.); see also Kolstad v. American Dental Ass'n, 527 U.S. 526, 534 (1999) ("With the passage of the 1991 Act, Congress provided for additional remedies, including punitive damages, for certain classes of . . . violations."). 24 Applying the Supreme Court's reasoning in Franklin turns this understanding on its head. Cannon, Rodgers and Miener postulate the creation of a private cause of action in Title VI in 1964. Under Franklin we are to assume that action to have provided all remedies. Absent any subsequent contrary instruction, we are to assume those remedies to remain available under sections 504 and 202 today. We therefore rule, albeit not with great satisfaction, that these sections permit an award of punitive damages. Perhaps our parting ways with our sister circuit will prompt the Supreme Court or Congress to inject additional clarity into this area. 25 Our analysis thus far does not entirely conclude this matter, as an award of damages must be "appropriate" in a specific case.10 District courts must undertake an independent review of the evidence to determine whether it supports punitive damages. Grabinski v. Blue Springs Ford Sales, Inc., 203 F.3d 1024, 1025 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, ___U.S.___, 121 S. Ct. 70 (2000); accord Browning-Ferris Indus. of Vt., Inc. v. Kelco Disposal Inc., 492 U.S. 257 (1989). The defendant's conduct must be shown to have been "motivated by evil motive or intent, or . . . reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others." Smith v. Wade, 461 U.S. 30, 56 (1983); see also Kolstad, 527 U.S. 526 (discussing punitive damages scheme under 42 U.S.C. 1981a). Punitive damages may also not be excessive. Watkins v. Lundell, 169 F.3d 540, 545 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 928 (1999). We have a subsequent obligation to review the district court's finding. At oral argument, Gorman's counsel admitted this to be the case and conceded that the district court did not do so, as it found punitive damages precluded as a matter of law. The facts in this case were hotly contested. We therefore remand for consideration of this point. IV. 26 The Police Board next appeals whether Gorman is a qualified individual with a disability under the ADA. The Police Board argues that while at the time of trial, our law clearly established that disability should be gauged without reference to corrective devices, subsequent Supreme Court decisions have required an individualized assessment of disability including consideration of available corrective devices. See, e.g., Murphy v. UPS, Inc., 527 U.S. 516 (1999); Sutton v. United Airlines, Inc., 527 U.S. 471 (1999). It seeks a remand to litigate this issue. 27 This argument is well off the mark. In Sutton, the Court concluded that a person with severe myopia, whose vision could be corrected with eyeglasses to the point that the disability did not severely impede a major life activity was not a qualified individual. 527 U.S. at 481-83. Gorman's wheelchair permits him some mobility, but hardly replaces his legs. Moreover, the events challenged in this lawsuit center largely on his removal from the wheelchair and placement in the back of a police van, where he had no corrective device. No corrective device-no issue. We see little need to further pursue this question. V. 28 The Police Board next raises two challenges to the jury instructions. The Board asserts that the jury was not instructed as to each element of an action under sections 504 and 202, and also objects to an instruction that the Board had an obligation to provide "safe" transportation. A jury instruction must, when taken as a whole and viewed in light of the evidence and applicable law, fairly and adequately submit the issues in the case to the jury. Horstmyer v. Black & Decker, (U.S.), Inc., 151 F.3d 765, 771 (8th Cir. 1998). Where a party fails to object to an instruction before the district court, we will review only for plain error. Id. 29 In instruction 16, the district court instructed the jury that liability would lie under the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA upon proof of all the following elements: 30 First, that the defendants failed to provide plaintiff appropriate transportation that reasonably accommodated his disability after he was arrested, and 31 Second, that as a direct result of the defendants' failure, plaintiff sustained damages. 32 The district court then instructed the jury in its instruction number 17 that "for purposes of Instruction No. 16, making a 'reasonable accommodation' for the plaintiff means making modifications to the defendants' practices for transporting the plaintiff after he was arrested so that he would be transported in a manner that was safe and appropriate consistent with his disability." 33 The Board failed to object at trial to the form of instruction 16, as given at trial. In fact, the Board agreed to its text and stated an intention to not object. We will therefore reverse only for plain error. We have previously held that in order to prevail under section 202, a plaintiff must prove that "1) he is a qualified individual with a disability; 2) he was . . . denied the benefits of a public entity's services . . . ; and 3) that such . . . denial. . . was by reason of his disability." Layton v. Elder, 143 F.3d 469, 472 (8th Cir. 1998). Such language, however, is not sacrosanct. Rather, an instruction must fairly and accurately submit the issue in light of the evidence and the law. Horstmyer, 151 F.3d at 771. In this case, the court's instructions resulted from lengthy negotiations between the court and the parties during which the parties agreed to drop certain elements from the instructions. Moreover, the language used fairly captures the elements of the actions. Section 202 requires reasonable transportation modifications if necessary. The court's instruction that damages flow from a failure to reasonably accommodate a disability implicitly requires a finding of denial and disability. The instruction similarly covers the essential elements of section 504. In light of the facts of this case and the language used, we sustain the instruction given.11 34 The Board also takes issue with the district court's use of the word "safe" in instruction 17 as an incorrect statement of the law, and expresses the fear that it required the Board to insure the safety of future detainees. The district court quoted the word "safe" from our prior opinion in this case. See Gorman, 152 F.3d at 913. We agree with the Police Board that in Gorman we did not impose an obligation of providing "safe" transportation. We also, however, do not think that the district court's instruction warrants the interpretation given it by the Police Board. The instruction required transportation safe and appropriate consistent with Gorman's disability. This seems the essence of a reasonable accommodation-the police cannot reasonably accommodate a disabled detainee by placing him in a position where, by virtue of his disability, he is left helpless. The district court did not require the Police Board to insure Gorman against other harms, such as a crash on the way to the station or a self-imposed injury. On this reading, we approve the instruction. VI. 35 The Board also challenges the district court's denial of its motion for a new trial, on the basis that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence, along with various evidentiary rulings. After reviewing the record we affirm the district court on these points. 36 We remand to the district court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. NOTES: 1 The Honorable Donald D. Alsop, United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota, sitting by designation. 2 Almost every element of what happened that night was contested by the defendants, whose testimony was that Gorman did not instruct the officers how to transport him, offered no input whatsoever, and was thoroughly drunk and belligerent. As Gorman prevailed below, we present his version of events. 3 The district court submitted Gorman's ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims in a unified instruction. Gorman can therefore prevail if the evidence supports the jury's finding under either Act. 4 Gorman argues that the denial of Eleventh Amendment immunity to bi-state agencies organized under federal law in Hess v. Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp., 513 U.S. 30, 38 & n.8 (1994), undercuts the Police Board's claim to immunity as a creature of state law. This argument could not be more wrong. Organization under state law, rather than federal law, makes it more likely that an agency is an arm of the state. 5 A geographically-limited scope of responsibility does not necessarily deprive an entity of Eleventh Amendment immunity. See, e.g., Power v. Summers, 226 F.3d 815, 818 (7th Cir. 2000). 6 The availability of additional remedies is not precluded by Congress' express provision in Title VI of administrative remedies. It is an elemental canon of statutory construction that where a statute expressly provides a particular remedy or remedies, a court must be chary of reading others into it. Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. (TAMA) v. Lewis, 444 U.S. 11, 19 (1979). However, Title IX uses the same textual structure and remedies, yet in Franklin the Court found the implied private cause of action to sustain an award of monetary damages. This follows only if the administrative and private causes of action are separate and distinct such that a limitation on one does not operate against the other. 7 That the cause of action was implied did not preclude the availability of remedies as the latter is analytically distinct from the question of whether a cause of action exists at all. Franklin, 503 U.S. at 65-66. 8 When a court "implies" a cause of action it does not "create" it, but rather "discovers" it in an act of statutory construction. See, e.g., Franklin, 503 U.S. 71-72; J. I. Case Co. v. Borak, 377 U.S. 426, 430-31 (1964). The upshot of this understanding is that the cause of action has always existed, despite having lain dormant. This logic holds for any judicial statutory interpretation-even those which change pre-existing interpretations. Regardless of the merits of this understanding, it flows from our judicial interpretive, as opposed to legislative, function. 9 See, e.g., Americans Disabled for Accessible Pub. Transp. v. Skywest Airlines, Inc., 762 F. Supp. 320 (D. Utah 1991) (finding no punitive or compensatory damage remedy under section 504); Doe v. Southeastern Univ., 732 F. Supp. 7 (D.D.C. 1990) (limiting section 504 to equitable remedies); Robinson v. University of Pa., No. 87-2476, 1988 WL 120738 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 8, 1988) (holding neither punitive nor compensatory damages available under Title VI); Singh v. Superintending Sch. Comm., 601 F. Supp. 865 (D. Maine 1985) (permitting compensatory remedy but not punitive remedy under Title VI); Moreno v. Texas S. Univ., 573 F. Supp. 73 (S.D. Tex. 1983) (finding no private cause of action for compensatory or punitive damages under Title VI); Rendon v. Utah State Dep't of Employment Sec. Job Serv., 454 F. Supp. 534 (D. Utah 1978) (same). But see Neighborhood Action Coalition v. City of Canton, 882 F.2d 1012 (6th Cir. 1989) (permitting Title VI action for compensatory and punitive damages to continue without addressing their availability); Hutchings v. Erie City & County Library Bd. of Directors, 516 F. Supp. 1265 (W.D. Pa. 1981) (permitting damages remedies under section 504 in suit where plaintiff sought punitive damages); Patton v. Dumpson, 498 F. Supp. 933 (S.D.N.Y. 1980) (finding section 504 to afford compensatory damages); Gilliam v. City of Omaha, 388 F. Supp. 842 (D. Neb. 1975) (recognizing action for monetary damages under Title VI), aff'd on other grounds, 524 F.3d 1013 (8th Cir. 1975). Since Franklin, courts have begun to re-evaluate these holdings. See, e.g., Burns-Vidlak v. Chandler, 980 F. Supp. 1144 (D. Haw. 1997) (finding punitive and compensatory damages available under sections 504 and 202). 10 The Moreno court also argued that given the legislative and judicial backdrop, punitive damages were not "appropriate" as required by Franklin. Moreno, 99 F.3d at 791-92. We do not think the word "appropriate" to have been writ so large, and do not think the Court intended to create an escape hatch for all foregoing judicial interpretations. In his concurring opinion, Justice Scalia opined that given an action's implied nature, implied limitations on remedies ought also be considered. Franklin, 503 U.S. at 77-78 (Scalia, J. concurring in the judgment). Justice Scalia's comments underscore the breadth of the Court's holding. 11 In the future, the district court should separate out instructions under different acts and more carefully parse elements, for clarity on appeal. | High | [
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Lady Flames in 41st at NCAA Meet After Reinhardt's 10th-Place Finish The Liberty swimming & diving team is currently in the 41st position after Jess Reinhardt's 10th-place finish in the 100 fly on day two, Friday at the 2014 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming & Diving Championships in Minneapolis, Minn. Reinhardt broke her own CCSA record in the 100 fly, placing second in the B final and 10th overall by swimming 51.72 during the evening session. By placing 10th, she earns the highest finish to date by a Lady Flame at the NCAA Championships, while receiving All-America Honorable Mention honors. Reinhardt is the second All-American in program history, after Brye Ravettine, who placed 13th in the 50 free at the 2012 NCAA Championships. A native of Gatton, Queensland, Australia, Reinhardt earned an evening swim by finishing 13th during morning qualifying. Her time of 52.07 during prelims lowered her existing conference record of 52.14, which she clocked during the 2014 CCSA Championships. During the morning session, the Lady Flames' 200 medley relay competed, serving as the first relay team in conference history to swim at the NCAA Championships. The quartet of sophomore Kendall Hough (25.61), senior Emilie Kaufman (26.96), Reinhardt (23.85) and junior Meghan Babcock (22.53) went 1:38.95, finishing 26th overall. The Lady Flames defeated Arkansas, Duke and Boise State in the event. Kaufman, contesting her first individual event at this week's national meet, placed 24th overall out of 49 competitors in 100 breaststroke trials, recording a 1:00.32. She entered the meet ranked 21st in the field, with a seed time of 1:00.01. | High | [
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It’s been an eventful last few weeks in the restaurant world. That means it’s high time for some restaurant news! If you pay close attention to the Flyer, you may have read about several of these already, but we did find a few new items as well. Here’s what we know about restaurants that have opened, closed, or plan to open soon in Fayetteville. King Burrito Staff photo According to a new banner that popped up recently, a new King Burrito location is coming soon to Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. Renovation work is in process on the building, located at 3120 Martin Luther King Junior Blvd., the space formerly home to Lucy’s Diner. King Burrito, as the name might suggest, is known locally for their giant burritos. The restaurant chain owns locations in Rogers and Bentonville, and once operated a location on College Avenue before changing the name of that location to El Taco Loco. The menu at that location, however, has remained the same as the one King Burrito was serving. They also have a Springdale location in the works that is set to open any day now, according to posts on the company Facebook page. No timetable for opening the new Fayetteville location has been announced yet. We’ll keep you posted. Hog Haus Staff photo After 14 years, Hog Haus Brewing Company, the restaurant and brew pub located at 430 W. Dickson Street, will close for good at the end of October. The future of the restaurant had been in question recently, as the 13,000-square-foot building, built in 1910, was listed for $3.5 million on the local MLS over the summer. Owner Julie Sill said that the building has sold, and she plans to sell her furniture and fixtures to the new owner. That, along with other factors led her to the decision to close the restaurant. “I’ve been struggling with my health for a while,” she said. “I haven’t been able to work like I used to, and like I need to, and I think that has shown in a lot of things.” Sill said she does not know who the new owner is at this time, but said she believes it is a local NWA resident. Those who want to get a final Hog Haus fix will have an opportunity to do so through the end of the month. The restaurant will be open Wednesday through Sunday through the end of Oct. 28. Insomnia Cookies Staff photo A cookie shop with 100 locations across the U.S. plans to soon expand into Fayetteville. New York-based Insomnia Cookies recently announced its plans for the new location on Facebook, and according to an application filed with the Arkansas Department of Health, the shop will be located at 609 W. Dickson Street, Suite 202 inside a space on the ground floor of The Dickson. The address and suite number referenced in the application is currently home to Waffle House. Rumors have been circulating last week on social media that Waffle House employees have been told that the restaurant could soon be closing. A manager on Friday would not confirm those rumors. Waffle House PR Director Pat Warner did not immediately respond when messaged on Friday. Kate Hynson, a spokesperson for Insomnia Cookies who identified herself as the marketing manager for the Fayetteville location, said via email in September she wasn’t yet ready to comment on the specifics of the address. A second message was sent to Hynson Friday morning, but wasn’t immediately returned. The Fayetteville store would be Insomnia’s first location in Arkansas. Insomnia Cookies was founded by then-University of Pennsylvania college student Seth Berkowitz in 2003, according to the company’s website. Berkowitz ran the company from his dorm room, before eventually opening his first brick-and-mortar location in Syracuse, New York in 2006. Since then, the company expanded rapidly, reaching 50 stores by 2014. Insomnia celebrated the opening of its 100th location in 2016. The menu focuses on cookies sold individually, in packs, as cookie sandwiches, and in the form of cookie cakes for special occasions. Most locations are open late, and offer delivery. We aren’t sure of the timeline for opening the Fayetteville location, but we’ll update this story once we learn more. Applebee’s Staff photo The Applebee’s location in north Fayetteville closed for good recently. According to a note posted on the door of the establishment, the restaurant closed permanently on Oct. 1. Exterior signage on the restaurant has already been removed. The restaurant was located at 4078 N. College Ave. A Business Insider story from earlier this year indicated that the restaurant chain closed 99 locations nationally in 2017, and are in the process of closing an additional 60-80 locations this year. The article blamed the chain’s failure to connect with younger diners for their slumping sales. The Springdale restaurant, located at 3953 W Sunset Ave., remains open. Funk Town BBQ Staff photo Remember Parlor Dogs? The hot dog cart that took the Fayetteville square by storm by in 2010 (well, it was big news to us). Well, owner Dana Cash is back in the mobile food business with a new barbecue truck located in the Yacht Club on College. The business is called Funktown BBQ, and they specialize in pulled pork, smoked chicken, smoked sausage and pit beef served out of a tie-dye painted old bus. According to their Facebook page, they are open Tuesday from 11-2 p.m., Wednesday from 11 a.m. – 4 p.m., and Thursday-Saturday from 11 a.m. until 8 p.m. Good Dog Cafe Courtesy graphic Local residents Micah and Tryphina Szabo recently purchased property just east of Rolling Pin Cafe in southeast Fayetteville, and plan to open a new dog-friendly cafe/park/coffee shop called Good Dog Cafe. The new restaurant will serve breakfast and lunch, and good pups can hang out with their human friends inside or on the patio for free. The business will also offer access to an outdoor dog park and play area on a yearly subscription basis, or for a few bucks per day as a single-day pass. Micah said the restaurant will serve locally-roasted coffee and breakfast sandwiches in the morning, and will offer a rotating menu featuring home-cooked items and a few sandwiches for lunch. Renovations on the building and back yard area are currently underway, and Micah told the Flyer he hopes to open sometime this fall. Sauced Staff photo A new barbecue joint is set to open on Dickson Street this week. The folks behind Grotto and Upstairs restaurants in Eureka Springs are set to open a new “chef-inspired” barbecue restaurant called ‘Sauced’ in the space formerly home to Flying Burrito Company at 540 W. Dickson St., across from George’s Majestic Lounge. The restaurant will focus on classic barbecue dishes like pulled pork, ribs, and brisket with handmade sauces, and other dishes. They’ll also offer the wings they become somewhat known from Grotto in Eureka Springs, and a sandwich they call the “fatty,” with hand lattice bacon, two types of sausage, with cheese, and then smoked. “It will be everything you love about your hometown smoked meats with all the big flavor only a chef can bring,” co-owner Autumn Slane told us about the new restaurant back in August. Renovations are now complete, and according to a Facebook post from this week, the restaurant will officiall open on Wednesday, Oct. 17. Big Sexy Food Staff photo A new Big Sexy Food truck is now open in the Mill District. The truck, which specializes in burgers, sandwiches, and a few salads, is located outside the new Prairie Street Bar & Tap, located at 495 W. Prairie Avenue in Fayetteville. Diners will have access to indoor seating at the pub when it is open, and there is some patio seating out there as well. According to their Facebook page, they are open Monday-Thursday from 11 a.m. until 9 p.m., and on Friday and Saturday from 11 a.m. until 10 p.m. Deluxe Burger Staff photo The last Deluxe Burger of its kind is now closed. The restaurant located next to Whole Foods at 3391 N. College Ave. recently closed its doors for good, according to a note posted on the door of the business. From the note: To our guests: Deluxe has closed for business. We are honored to have served you, our amazing customers, for the last couple of years…but our run here has come to an end. We sincerely appreciate the continued support you gave us. Thank you. The restaurant chain was created by East Side Grill and Theo’s owner Scott Bowman, who opened his first Deluxe Burger on Dickson Street in 2013. The restaurant expanded to open at least two more locations, one in Rogers, along with the recently-closed location on College Avenue. The Rogers location closed in 2016, and the Dickson Street location closed in late 2017. As the name suggests, the restaurant specialized in burgers, sandwiches, fries, shakes, and other items. | Low | [
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PLL All Stars have arrived. And while the league may be new, it’s got that one all too familiar issues that plague all star games from any professional sports league in the world. The roster is released, the takes get launched. This player shouldn’t have made it, that player got snubbed, the voting system is trash, pick a complaint. The good thing about being a new league is, you can look at what fans and players complain about most in the other major leagues, and look to address that particular problem. The PLL did that in some ways, and in others maybe not as much. If you still haven’t seen, spoiler alert, here’s the roster. By team, it’s: Archers — 5 Atlas — 7 Chaos — 9 Chrome — 3 Redwoods — 10 Whipsnakes — 10 Redwoods and Whipsnakes having that many guys makes sense. Chaos is obviously right there as well, those three teams have emerged as the clear top half of the league. Atlas at 2–4 with a -12 GD but still having seven all stars is a little bit funky. Woods might lose one if Gurenlian is still healing and can’t go. Of course this is a nice segue into the “who got snubbed” portion of this whole thing. Joe Nardella got snubbed. He’s been better than Gurenlian this year. In fact, only Baptiste has a better faceoff percentage than him. Nardella is second in the league in ground balls, only a few behind Stephen Kelly, and 11 more than Baptiste. Nardella may not be the social media draw, or the fan favorite, but he’s played more than well enough to be in this game and earn that recognition. Of course, there’s no guarantee that he gets the nod if Gurenlian can’t go. It may go to a guy like Connor Farrell, who is much more the fan favorite right now. Cue segue into the voting issue…. If fans exclusively pick all stars, you have problems. This is well documented. The 2011 NBA All-Star game was a case study for this kind of thing. Yao Ming, despite being out for the entire season, with what was ultimately a career ending injury, was voted a starter in the All-Star game. It was determined entirely by fan vote. Yes, Yao Ming was massively popular, particularly in China obviously, so it’s not all that surprising he got a ton of votes. But my man had not played. This is not good. You can’t have him take a spot from a guy who, ya know, actually set foot on the court. We don’t have anything that egregious in the PLL All-Star game, but it’s feasible that it could happen down the road in the current system. Let’s have fun with player comparisons: PLAYER A: 11p, 8g, 2a, 36.8% shooting, 1–2 2pt PLAYER B: 1p, 1g, 0a, 4.7% shooting, 0–1 2pt PLAYER C: 10p, 9g, 1a, 50% shooting, 0–5 2pt PLAYER D: 7p, 6g, 1a, 30% shooting, 0–7 2pt Players B and D are all stars. B is Kyle Harrison, D is Sergio Perkovic. Player A is John Ranagan of the Chrome, not an all star. Player C is Brent Adams, not an all star. The decider here is that Harrison and Perkovic are much bigger fan favorites and much bigger on social media. If you want to convince me that none of these four guys are really all stars, I’m ready to listen on that too. Consider Paul Rabil is the face of this league and really still this sport. He’s also getting on in years, and while he’s still a productive and impactful player, he might not necessarily be the automatic all star of years past. He’s 0–5 from two point range, he’s shooting 28% which isn’t terrible, but not too amazing either. Kyle Harrison is in the same boat. He’s a face of the league, but he has really struggled in the opening season when it comes to finding the score sheet. He finally got his first goal of the year just a week ago. There are plenty of reasons these guys struggle, and frankly PLL rules might be hurting them a bit. Taking 10 yards out of the middle of the field probably didn’t do a lot to help strong downhill dodgers like Rabil, Harrison, or Perkovic. Not an excuse, and probably worth a closer look at some point. Myles Jones is also an all-star and has struggled this year, although he’s still having a strong impact on games in terms of hockey assists (check out Joe Keegan’s piece on this if you haven’t). But truth be told, you could make a case that all three of these guys aren’t all-stars, and could be replaced by less sexy names like Brent Adams, Eric Law, or John Ranagan. But let’s be honest, an all-star game in the first year of the PLL without Rabil/Harrison/Jones is a non-starter. Why not have players and coaches pick their own all-stars, and let fans vote on the starters or something along those lines. For small communities within the positions (faceoff, goalie) there is a ton of respect for others that play the position; it would become a serious honor to be voted by peers as the best in the business. Just find some mix of fan/player/coach selections. There needs to be a check on a pure fan vote. Let the fans pick 50 players, then let Gurenlian put his on Thanos Infinity Gauntlet glove, snap it so 25 players randomly drop off, and the coaches fill in the rest. Perfectly balanced, as all things should be. I also which we knew a bit more about what’s going on this weekend beyond the game. There’s a skills competition, what are the skills? I’m sure the old standard of fastest shot will be on the menu. I can do without the whole trick shot thing to be honest, but I understand it’s a crowd pleaser. Let me tell you what I want to see: Sharks and Minnows. All offensive players on the sideline with a ball in stick (minnows) and all defensive players in the middle of the field (sharks). Offensive players all go at once, have to stay in between the top of the two point arcs, and make it from one sideline to the other without dropping their ball. Madness ensues. They go back and forth until the last player with a ball in his stick is the winner. I could go for musical ground balls. Say five pods or so of 10 players. 9 balls per pod. Players wait around the outside of a circle for the whistle, at which time they go pick up a ball and successfully make it back out of the circle with the ball. The player who doesn’t get a ball is eliminated. Remove a ball, repeat, until you’re down to a winner for each pod. Pod champs battle each other for supreme ground ball champion status. Let’s talk about the parts of this that are definitely going right. The format is pulled almost completely from what the NBA has done in recent years, and has been a big hit. Top two vote getters are team captains, and they draft their teams. This past year, the NBA televised that draft. Players and captains had a ton of fun with, it was all over social media, the broadcast was great, fun was had by all. That should be the idea. And the PLL is on that path. It’s no coincidence they try to follow in the footsteps of what is by far the most player friendly and fun league of the big four. They had Trevor Baptiste and Matt Rambo (captains) announce their first picks during halftime of the Chaos/Chrome game. Rambo went with Michael Ehrhardt which….okay. Teammate, LSM is a lean position in the all-star game and Ehrhardt is ridiculously good, he can hit 2’s, fellow Terp, I get it. Baptiste went with Rabil which…ain’t it. If you’re going to take a midfielder and the best player in the world, maybe the best player ever, is available in Tom Schreiber, you take him, don’t you? Oh wait he did with the next pick, he just took his teammate first. Ok ok all is forgiven. Love a team guy. Rambo took Connor Fields next, and the rest of the draft happens July 9. I kinda was hoping for the draft to happen literally on the field before the game. Understanding that it’s unlikely to ever play out this way, but I can wish. Just school yard, line up and pick teams, roll out a ball and play. Obviously televise the whole thing, let RJ and company talk to guys who have been picked or are waiting to get picked, endless shit talking, etc. To be honest this is something I’ve always wanted for all sports. Imagine if the NBA All-Star game was done. Or the Pro Bowl did it and just played 7 on 7 instead of their joke game. Lean into the fun and personality these guys bring (I realize how tall of an order this is for the NFL, where all things must be done The Right Way at all times). Maybe next year. What they’re doing definitely works. They’ve done live reveals on YouTube before a number of times leading up to this year, and the viewership seemed solid for all of them. Overall it’s tough to knock much about this All-Star process with the exception of the pure fan vote. It’s important to have fans be a part of the selections, but we’ve proven many times over we won’t ever really get it right, and frequently we’ll send players who definitely shouldn’t be playing because we recognize their name on a list. The PLL is still new, and that means the opportunity to be malleable and quickly adjust is still present. There is no longer standing process or tradition to adhere to, so strike out and make it your own. | Mid | [
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__________________"I know I'm asking a lot, but the price of freedom is high, it always has been, and it's a price I'm willing to pay. And if I'm the only one, then so be it. But I'm willing to bet I'm not." - Captain America Now anytime you best someone in an argument on this board you can use that after the fact. __________________ If the person you're seeing ever asks the question "Who is Stan Lee?", promptly kick their ass to the curb. ----------- Who the **** makes a movie and while planning it is like, "you know what this needs...is some Greg Kinnear." Huh, apparently I did. Didn't even know about that. Couldn't find a way to turn it off, so I just set it for the highest possible size. Anyway, if you'll all refresh your browsers, the image should appear at its proper size now. __________________"They always talk about transcending the genre and I don't believe in transcending the genre. I believe in the genre." -Joss Whedon __________________"I know I'm asking a lot, but the price of freedom is high, it always has been, and it's a price I'm willing to pay. And if I'm the only one, then so be it. But I'm willing to bet I'm not." - Captain America I saw this Avengers trailer made with Lego pieces, and thought it is very well done: VIDEO-CLick to Watch!: __________________"I know I'm asking a lot, but the price of freedom is high, it always has been, and it's a price I'm willing to pay. And if I'm the only one, then so be it. But I'm willing to bet I'm not." - Captain America | Mid | [
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152 Conn. 467 (1965) HEATING ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION v. HULLIE M. PATTERSON Supreme Court of Connecticut. Argued February 2, 1965. Decided March 4, 1965. KING, C. J., MURPHY, ALCORN, COMLEY and SHANNON, JS. *468 John J. Hunt, for the appellant (defendant). Herbert Watstein, with whom was Julius Watstein, for the appellee (plaintiff). KING, C. J. The plaintiff sued as the endorsee of a promissory note given by the defendant to the payee, Holland Furnace Company, hereinafter referred to as Holland, in payment for a furnace purchased from it and installed in the defendant's sixfamily dwelling house in Bridgeport. The note was executed and delivered to Holland's agent in Bridgeport on or about November 12, 1958, but was made payable at Holland's home office in Holland, Michigan. On or before December 30, 1958, the note was endorsed and negotiated by Holland to the plaintiff, apparently in Michigan. The defendant claimed, in effect, that the furnace was defective and improperly installed by Holland; that she knew nothing about the note and signed it as a result of fraud in the factum on the part of Holland; and that the plaintiff was not a holder in due course. From a verdict for the plaintiff the defendant has appealed. We first consider an assignment of error directed to five rulings on evidence, since these are dispositive of the appeal adversely to the plaintiff. The five rulings were improperly combined in a single paragraph of the finding. Practice Book § 648. *469 The defendant, on cross-examination, was asked whether, in 1959, she had been convicted on March 28 of the crime of keeping liquor with intent to sell, and on August 29 of the crime of selling liquor without a permit; whether, in 1960, she had been convicted on May 20 of the crime of selling liquor without a permit, and on August 28 of the crime of keeping liquor with intent to sell; and whether, on December 2, 1961, she had been convicted of the crime of keeping liquor with intent to sell. Each of the five questions was admitted over the defendant's objection, the court holding that the convictions were admissible under the provisions of § 52-145 of the General Statutes, which provides, in relevant part, that "[n]o person shall be disqualified as a witness in any action by reason of his ... conviction of crime; but such ... conviction may be shown for the purpose of affecting his credit." Convictions of all crimes, however, are not admissible under this statute. In the case of Drazen v. New Haven Taxicab Co., 95 Conn. 500, 508, 111 A. 861, this court divided into the following three categories the types of crimes, convictions of which were admissible: (1) crimes whose punishment must be imprisonment in the state prison; (2) crimes whose punishment may be imprisonment in the state prison if the crime involves moral turpitude; and (3) crimes whose punishment must be in the county jail and may be for more than six months and which involve moral turpitude. Any uncertainty in our older cases as to the right to inquire concerning a conviction of a crime admissible under § 52-145, on cross-examination, as an alternative procedure to offering a record of the conviction, was set at rest in State v. English, 132 Conn. 573, 581, 46 A.2d 121. *470 The defendant was asked concerning five convictions, three of which were for keeping liquor with intent to sell, and two were for selling liquor without a permit. While the precise statutes violated were not given, both crimes appear to be violations of § 30-77 of the General Statutes and punishable under § 30-113 by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisonment for not more than one year or both. Since the imprisonment could not be for more than one year, it could not be in the state prison. General Statutes §§ 54-120, 54-121; Leifert v. Turkington, 115 Conn. 600, 602, 162 A. 842. Because of this, neither crime could come within either of the two higher categories listed in Drazen v. New Haven Taxicab Co., supra. The crimes in question could not fall in the third or lowest category listed in the Drazen case since punishment by imprisonment in jail is not required even though, if imposed, it could exceed six months. Kurtz v. Farrington, 104 Conn. 257, 262, 132 A. 540. It was error to admit the questions under § 52-145. The court based its ruling on the fact that it considered the convictions to be for crimes involving moral turpitude. Moral turpitude is an additional prerequisite to the admissibility of a conviction of a crime falling within the two lower categories. But since the punishment provided did not bring either crime into any one of the three categories, the convictions were inadmissible regardless of any question of moral turpitude. The difficulty encountered by trial judges in ruling on the admissibility, under § 52-145, of proof of convictions in the two lower categories established by the Drazen case, where the presence or absence of moral turpitude must be determined, has proven to be not inconsiderable, especially in the case of *471 mala prohibita. The uncertainty in the meaning and application of the phrase "moral turpitude" is well brought out in Drazen v. New Haven Taxicab Co., supra, 506-508. See also, as to cross-examination of an accused to prove prior convictions, an annotation in 161 A.L.R. 233, 253, and earlier annotations referred to therein. All this has led us to a reexamination of our rule as promulgated in the Drazen case and is strongly persuasive of the fact that a definite rule, of certain application, would eliminate problems and difficulties at the trial level, on the part of both court and counsel, which in turn lead to mistakes and costly appellate procedure, if not to actual injustice. When the Drazen case was decided there was no clear test of a felony except perhaps that it included crimes for which the punishment had to be death or imprisonment in the state prison. Drazen v. New Haven Taxicab Co., supra, 504; State v. Setter, 57 Conn. 461, 466, 18 A. 782. Subsequently much of this uncertainty was eliminated by the enactment of a statutory definition of a felony (Sup. 1943, § 752g) which is now included in § 1-1 of the General Statutes. This statute provides that "[a]ny crime punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year shall be deemed a felony, and any other crime, unless designated a felony by statute, shall be deemed a misdemeanor." Some crimes may from time to time be arbitrarily designated as felonies in a particular statute, although they carry a maximum permissible penalty of less than imprisonment for more than one year.[1] For this reason, even under the *472 foregoing statutory definition, the word "felony" still lacks the certainty desirable as a test of crimes, convictions of which are admissible under the statute. We therefore hold that a conviction of a crime, whether or not the crime is denominated a felony, is admissible under § 52-145, only if the maximum permissible penalty for the crime may be imprisonment for more than one year, and we further hold that the presence or absence of moral turpitude is not a consideration in the admissibility of the proof of a conviction under that statute. Some claim seems to have been made that the fact of conviction was, in this case, admissible to prove that the defendant had done the act constituting the crime for which she had been convicted. That is, the plaintiff claims the convictions of the defendant were admissible to contradict her testimony that she sold nothing but food, sandwiches, coffee and soda in her restaurant. This is not the law. "As a general rule, judgments in criminal cases are not admissible in civil proceedings to prove the acts charged." Page v. Phelps, 108 Conn. 572, 588, 143 A. 890, citing McKenna v. Whipple, 97 Conn. 695, 701, 118 A. 40. There is nothing to indicate that the plaintiff pleaded guilty so as to make the plea admissible as an admission. Graham v. Wilkins, 145 Conn. 34, 40, 138 A.2d 705. The record also indicated that the statutory rule was confused with the rule permitting cross-examination, within the discretion of the court, as to specific acts of misconduct indicating a lack of veracity. Martyn v. Donlin, 151 Conn. 402, 408, 198 A.2d 700; Vogel v. Sylvester, 148 Conn. 666, 675, 174 A.2d 122. The two methods of cross-examination are wholly dissimilar. Shailer v. Bullock, 78 Conn. 65, 69, 61 A. 65. It is clear that *473 the admission of these questions was probably harmful, and that it was erroneous under the Drazen rule as well as under the modification of it which we have adopted in this case. A new trial is, therefore, required. Since this is so, we briefly note certain of the other errors claimed involving questions likely to arise on a retrial.[2] The defendant offered evidence to prove that she signed the note in question in reliance upon the representation of the seller that it was a credit application. Since there was abundant, although controverted, evidence that the plaintiff finance company was a holder in due course, it became important to determine whether the facts testified to by the defendant, if credited, would constitute fraud in the factum, available against a holder in due course, or merely fraud in the inducement, not so available. Our cases seem not to have clearly explained the difference between fraud in the factum and fraud in the inducement. A rather well-drafted explanation of the distinction, in a charge to the jury, was not approved, although not in terms disapproved, in Rowland v. Fowler, 47 Conn. 347, 348. Fraud in the inducement, although not clearly so designated, appears to have been in the court's mind in Ross v. Webster, 63 Conn. 64, 67, 26 A. 476. Clarification of our law is needed. It *474 seems best to adopt as a common-law definition of fraud in the factum, for use under the Negotiable Instruments Law, which contains no definition, the codification of the common-law definition in the Uniform Commercial Code, General Statutes § 42a-3-305 (2) (c), which is: "[S]uch misrepresentation as has induced the party to sign the instrument with neither knowledge nor reasonable opportunity to obtain knowledge of its character or its essential terms." The defendant was entitled to a charge defining fraud in the factum together with its application to her claims of proof. Nothing along this line was given, although such a charge was requested. See 19 Connecticut General Statutes, Annotated (West Ed.), p. 510, comment (7). Throughout the case, there seems to have been uncertainty as to whether the governing law was that of Connecticut or that of Michigan. The note, although executed and delivered to Holland's agent in Connecticut, was by its terms made payable in Michigan and apparently was there negotiated to the plaintiff. "[T]he law of the place of contracting determines what are the obligations of ... a mercantile instrument". Restatement, Conflict of Laws § 346. Thus, the law of Connecticut, where the note was executed and delivered, would determine whether there was fraud in the factum, fraud in the inducement, or no fraud at all.[3] See Downer v. Chesebrough, 36 Conn. 39, 43; Restatement, op. cit. § 347; 2 Beale, Conflict of Laws §§ 346.3, 347.1. "The validity and effect of the transfer of a negotiable instrument are determined by the law *475 of the place where the instrument is at the time of its transfer." Restatement, op. cit. § 349, and comments (a) and (c); see also Downer v. Chesebrough, supra. Thus, the determination as to whether or not the plaintiff was a holder in due course and his rights in the light of that determination would be governed by the law of Michigan, including any applicable statutory provisions. It is important to point out, however, that the court need not take judicial notice of the law of a foreign jurisdiction, whether common law or statutory, under General Statutes §§ 51-32, 52-163 and 52-164, unless authoritative sources of the foreign law, subject to inspection or verification by opposing counsel, are made available to the court by reference or otherwise, under the usual rules for judicial notice as outlined in cases such as Nichols v. Nichols, 126 Conn. 614, 622, 13 A.2d 591, State ex rel. Capurso v. Flis, 144 Conn. 473, 477, 133 A.2d 901, and Guerriero v. Galasso, 144 Conn. 600, 605, 136 A.2d 497. See also Stenz v. Sandstrom, 143 Conn. 72, 76, 118 A.2d 900. There is error, the judgment is set aside and a new trial is ordered. In this opinion MURPHY, COMLEY and SHANNON, Js., concurred; ALCORN, J., concurred in the result. NOTES [1] Thus, General Statutes § 53-304, prior to its amendment by Public Acts 1963, No. 497, designated as a felony the crime of nonsupport, although the maximum permissible punishment was imprisonment for not more than one year. [2] In Connecticut, the Negotiable Instruments Law, General Statutes, Rev. 1958, chapter 695, was in effect until October 1, 1961, when it was superseded by the Uniform Commercial Code. Public Acts 1959, No. 133, § 10-101 (General Statutes § 42a-10-101); Public Acts 1959, No. 615, § 28 (included in General Statutes § 42a-10-102). As far as appears, the questions presented in this appeal with respect to the promissory note are governed by the Negotiable Instruments Law and not by the Uniform Commercial Code. This must be borne in mind in considering this opinion as an authority in subsequent cases governed by the Uniform Commercial Code. See, for instance, General Statutes § 42a-1-105 as to the choice of law rule. [3] The rule as to choice of law in cases where usury is claimed is set forth in cases such as Santoro v. Osman, 149 Conn. 9, 11, 174 A.2d 800, and Pioneer Credit Corporation v. Badding, 149 Conn. 157, 159, 176 A.2d 560. | Mid | [
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Why No One Talks About Options Anymore What People Need To Know About The Different Benefits Of Software Defined WAN There is one constant thing that is very true about technology and It is one of the reason that it is constantly in motion and as the world become connected in a global stage, people want to have more advanced technology. One of the things that technology can affect business and people is in the way that networking can get to take place, it is now possible for people to take good care of their networking needs with software defined networking. Nowadays software defined network is needed to be used on a global stage not only on a local area, this is the reason why software defined networking has now extended to wide area network to be utilized on the global stage. This kind of network can allow it to span through bigger geographical area and get to easily connect more than one local area network together, the SD WAN are mostly connected using different kinds of public networks. SD WAN are usually connected together using cables and also telephone systems, it can also be possible for people to connect an SD WAN using satellites and the internet is also one of the best examples of a WAN. One of the biggest problems of using software defined network is the fact that it does not allow for more growth inside the network, these older network are mostly rigid in their overall performance and does not get to adapt well to change. The SD WAN would get to remove the old protocols that is in this kind of networking and set up a standard set of APIs, it can be possible for it to control the elements of the network and would help them do smart decisions. This would easily help people to open up their network on a global stage and would help people to connect with other individuals using this type of network and experience faster speeds. Network management of SD WAN is easy because people can start to move away from controlling each WAN hardware device and try to program them with all central software which can be used as a controller.The Key Elements of Great Help It is a great idea due to the fact it does not get to cause additional problems in getting to manage the environment, the IT team gets to discuss these problems and try to know the correct course of action. Before people or companies get to use any type of SD WAn technology, it is vital for them to know the impact that it will have on their own business due to the fact it is an initial investment and can take time before they see benefits.Help Tips for The Average Joe | Mid | [
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Q: JSON Data Limit We have grails 2.2.4 application running on Tomcat that works with user camera and keystrokes, collects some data on the client side with Javascript and sends using POST. In the view that collects data we have: <g:form name="testResultsForm" id="testResultsForm" controller="customer" action="thankYou" method="post"> <h3>Dummy data!</h3> <input type="text" style="visibility: hidden" name="testResults" id="testResults"/> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit dummy data</button> </g:form> In the JS, we assign all camera data to this html element and submit the form: TestUtils.setValue('testResults', sendData); $("#testResultsForm").submit(); In the grails controller we have the following line to parse the JSON: def data = JSON.parse(params.testResults) Everything works as expected except for when the user takes longer than normal and puts in lots of keystrokes. The errors looks something like: 2014-06-14 01:22:14,323 [http-8443-16] ERROR (org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.errors.GrailsExceptionResolver) - JSONException occurred when processing request: [POST] /qbcheck/customer/thankYou Expected a ',' or ']' at character 524288 of {"patkey":"","test_version":"1.4","data_version":"1.3","patientid":"","test_date":"","test_duration":0,"gender":"","dob":"","fov":62,"fps":26,"scale_factor":0,"country":46,"camera_data":{"x":[353,353,353,353,3...... It always fails at character 524288. This led us to investigate that there might be a limit on the amount of data, we looked at Tomcat and found that it allows 2MB data by default using maxpostsize property. Still we updated it to a bigger number just to be sure. Similarly, we tried looking on Grails and JS side but were not able to find any limitation. Looking for any pointers in this regard. We are able to provide more details as required. A: We found that the html "input" has a hard limit of 512 KB. Ideally, we should have received some kind of error/warning when trying to assign more data to an input value through JS. However, that does not happen So we changed the input which was previously defined as: <input type="text" style="visibility: hidden" name="testResults" id="testResults"/> To a text-area: <textarea style="visibility: hidden" name="testResults" id="testResults"/> And this allowed us to transfer data greater than 512 KB. | Mid | [
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/* * Copyright 2006-2019 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.consol.citrus.generate.provider; import com.consol.citrus.message.DefaultMessage; import com.squareup.javapoet.CodeBlock; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals; class SendCodeProviderTest { private final SendCodeProvider sendCodeProvider = new SendCodeProvider(); private final DefaultMessage message = new DefaultMessage(); @Test void getCode() { //GIVEN final String endpoint = "foo"; final String expectedString = "runner.run(send().endpoint(\"foo\")\n);"; //WHEN final CodeBlock code = sendCodeProvider.getCode(endpoint, message); //THEN assertEquals(expectedString, code.toString()); } } | Mid | [
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Murder retail ordered over errant jury charge A confessed killer faces a retrial after the B.C. Court of Appeal earlier this month voided his first-degree murder conviction because the trial judge erred in his jury instructions. Mathew Foerster acknowledged that his actions led to the death of 18-year-old Taylor Van Diest on Halloween night in 2011, but said he was guilty only of manslaughter or second-degree murder. | Low | [
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Now that I've introduced Charles Jenkins to the Queens Ledger community with my first blog a few days ago, let's start getting into some of the games that Jenkins and his Hofstra Pride have already played so far this season, as Hofstra traveled to South Carolina to open its 2008-09 season in the Charleston Classic. --------------------------------------------------------------------- FRI 11/14/08 CLEMSON 98, HOFSTRA 69 HOFSTRA RECORD: 0-1 JENKINS SEASON AVERAGES: 21.0 pts, 4.0 reb, 5.0 ast, 5.0 to --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hofstra's first game on Friday 11/14 wasn't pretty. The Pride was overmatched and got smoked by ACC foe Clemson (now 6-0 as I write this). Down 3-0, the Tigers scored the next 15 and never looked back. Despite committing 5 of Hofstra's 23 turnovers, Jenkins was impressive, scoring a game-high 21 points, shooting 6 of 14 from the field and 9 of 11 at the line (where Jenkins shot a team-best 78% last year). Jenkins however, got little help from his teammates who shot a combined 29% (15-52) from the floor and just 48% (10-21) from the charity stripe. --------------------------------------------------------------------- SAT 11/15/08 HOFSTRA 71, WESTERN MICHIGAN 68 (OT) HOFSTRA RECORD: 1-1 JENKINS SEASON AVERAGES: 20.0 pts, 5.0 reb, 3.5 ast, 3.0 to --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hofstra rebounded quickly the next day to gut out a solid overtime win over a Western Michigan team which has been one of the best in the MAC in recent years, and which was the consensus preseason pick along with Kent State to challenge for another MAC title this year. Poor shooting game all around, including just 6-17 from the floor in 26 foul-plagued minutes for Jenkins, who had 4 personals. Amazing that Hofstra could win despite shooting just 29% (20-70) from the field, but that had a lot to do with Western Michigan making just 22 of 63 field goals for 35%. Jenkins is relying on the potential shooting help of two of three new JUCO transfers who began their Hofstra careers in this tournament (Tony Dennison, an All-America nominee and Long Island City native who arrived at Hofstra by way of Broward CC and hailing from Syracuse, 6-2 guard Cornelius Vines who played at Iowa Lakes CC before enrolling at Hofstra). Both struggled from the field against Western Michigan. Dennison only 5-18 and Vines was just 2-18 including 0-8 from three (I instantly thought of John Starks in Game 7 of the '94 Finals against the Rockets when I saw Vines' numbers, though I think John gets a bad rap for that; the Knicks never would have made it that far without him, and the way he was shooting the game before, I'm still positive, he'd have won a title for the Knicks on that left-wing three had Olajuwon not come all the way out to the perimeter to block it at the buzzer). But, I digress... Despite the shooting woes, Dennison still had 18 points, second only to Jenkins' team-high 19. Jenkins scored half of Hofstra's 12 points in the OT to seal it. --------------------------------------------------------------------- SUN 11/16/08 HOFSTRA 76, EAST TENNESSEE STATE 75 HOFSTRA RECORD: 2-1 JENKINS SEASON AVERAGES: 23.7 pts, 5.3 reb, 3.7 ast, 3.7 to --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hofstra wins a gut-check game against another solid mid-major for the second straight day, and for the second straight day, Jenkins played the hero. He finally got some much-needed help from sidekicks Dennison (13 pts, 5-10 fg) and Vines (16 pts, 5-12 fg), but Hofstra still needed every last one of Jenkins' career-high 31 points to eek out a one point win in the final seconds. Jenkins was at his best, refusing to allow Hofstra to lose. He shot 10-for-20 from the field and score the Pride's final eight points to turn a 73-68 deficit with 3:30 left into the narrowest of victories. Jenkins nailed a right elbow jumper to tie the game 75-75 with :58 left before hitting the winning FT with :01.1 left (he missed the second intentionally so that all ETSU could do was attempt a despreation 80-footer that missed at the final buzzer. All in all, it was a successful season-opening tournament for Hofstra to walk away with a couple of wins after the blowout loss to Clemson. For his efforts, Jenkins was named to Charleston Classic All-Tournament team and was also named CAA Player Of The Week, picking up right where he left off with four different CAA Rookie Of The Week honors as a freshman. | Mid | [
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Life lessons from differential equations (2015) - magoghm https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2015/07/23/life-lessons-from-differential-equations/ ====== chrbarrol I felt that one addition could be "Many problems have trivial solutions, but they are of little practical value" 0 is often a trivial solution to many PDEs, but it is of little analytical value, so it is often discarded. In the same sense death is a trivial of many life problems: Dying would solve most (all?) problems in life, but it is not a solution you would typically consider :) ~~~ stabbles It all depends on the boundary conditions. ~~~ goldenkey My boundary condition is fulfilling the categorical imperative of pure energy. For some people its the imperative of themselves or immediate families, or mammals or life itself. I still haven't figured out what the universe would like but I am at its service. My best guess at the current moment is to extend the universe's life but the inevitable heat death if correct throws a wrench in that. However if there is a way to create continuity from discreteness, and we can simulate our universe, we may be able to run a child universe to completion before our own universe dies. And if the same thing happens in that child, we will have had an infinite number of universes live and die in the finite life of our own universe. If that isn't a full life for a universe, I don't know what is... This already may be happening if black holes birth and contain universes. ~~~ smaddox > I still haven't figured out what the universe would like but I am at its > service. If you're trying to figure out "what the universe would like", you're going to be searching until the heat death of the universe. > However if there is a way to create continuity from discreteness, and we can > simulate our universe, we may be able to run a child universe to completion > before our own universe dies. This is ontologically unworkable. The sooner you accept that nothing will last forever, the sooner you can get to living your life and enjoying the things that are here right now. ------ Yhippa One of the most important lessons I learned was spending several pages of notebook paper devising a clever solution only to find that it completely doesn't work. Pretty darn good way to humble yourself. ------ ianai It’s important to try many different approaches to difficult problems. Or, try different problems with new approaches - to learn about the approaches. ------ esturk One of the points link to a second article that reads: (The fact that φ is zero outside a finite interval mean the “uv” term from integration by parts is zero.) Can anyone elaborate on this? I'm not too sure how this trick works. ~~~ pedrosorio This is the article you're referring to: [https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2009/10/25/how-to- differentia...](https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2009/10/25/how-to- differentiate-a-non-differentiable-function/) This is the wikipedia page on integration by parts: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_by_parts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_by_parts) He's setting u = phi(x), v = f(x). Since he's integrating on the real line, a = -infinity, b = +infinity, so on the right hand side for "uv" you'd have u(+inf) _v(+inf) - u(-inf)_ v(-inf) - and since u (which is phi) is 0 outside of a finite interval, you know these terms are 0. [You obviously can't evaluate functions at +-inf, and you have to take limits to evaluate u(x)v(x) for an improper integral, but you can see the result is the same if u(x) is zero outside of a finite interval] ~~~ esturk Oh I see. So in the evaluation of u(+inf), it becomes 0, hence uv is 0. I have never thought of it that way. Thanks! ------ paulpauper boundary conditions do indeed make solving differential equations much harder thankfully the use of infinite series can help a lot in such situations ------ garmaine > Some problems simply have no solution Don't confuse "exact solution" with "solution" (unqualified). There is no problem that has no solution. I stopped reading there. ~~~ prmph What is the solution for avoiding death and taxes? ~~~ severino Dying is not always a problem. In fact, lots of people consider it a solution. The same can be said about taxes. They were the solution for problems like giving people access to education and healthcare. | High | [
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577 So.2d 1140 (1991) Susan C. Boudreaux CARROLL v. Joseph Michael CARROLL. No. CA 90 1658. Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit. March 28, 1991. *1142 Darrell J. Saltamachia, Baton Rouge, for plaintiff-appellee Susan C. Boudreaux Carroll. Tracy Pickerell, Baton Rouge, for defendant-appellant Joseph Michael Carroll. Before EDWARDS, WATKINS and LeBLANC, JJ. LeBLANC, Judge. Plaintiff, Susan C. Boudreaux Carroll, filed this suit against her husband, Joseph M. Carroll, seeking a separation, alleging cruel treatment by her husband as grounds for the separation. Plaintiff also sought sole custody of the minor child born of the marriage, Andrew Corey Carroll; child support and alimony pendente lite. Defendant filed a reconventional demand seeking a separation based on plaintiff's abandonment, custody of the child, child support and alimony pendente lite. The trial court rendered judgment in favor of Susan Boudreaux Carroll and against Joseph M. Carroll, awarding unto the former a separation "a mensa et thoro". The trial court further awarded sole care, custody and control of Andrew to plaintiff. Defendant was also ordered to pay the sum of $200.00 per month as alimony pendente lite and the sum of $250.00 per month as child support. Defendant was further ordered to maintain medical insurance on the minor child and on his wife. Defendant appeals the trial court's judgment raising four assignments of error: (1) The trial court erred in granting a separation in favor of Susan Carroll. (2) The trial court erred in awarding sole care, custody and control of the minor child, Andrew Cory Carroll, to Susan Carroll. (3) The trial court erred in awarding $250.00 per month child support. (4) The trial court erred in awarding $200.00 per month alimony pendente lite. SEPARATION Joseph M. Carroll (also referred to as Mike) and Susan C. Boudreaux were married on July 30, 1988. The couple argued frequently. They both testified regarding the events of an argument that occurred on approximately August 17, 1988. Susan testified that she did not remember what the fight was about. Susan described that she was walking in the apartment and Mike followed her and kept pushing her and cursing at her. She also stated that he destroyed some of their furniture by throwing it up against the wall or beating it on the floor. According to Susan, Mike left the apartment for about two hours and returned with $118.00 worth of liquor and a gun. Susan said he would not let her leave the apartment. At this point, Mike threatened he would kill himself if Susan left. Later, he threatened to kill Susan. Eventually, Susan talked Mike into letting her leave the apartment. She went to her parents' house and remained there for three or four days. She and Mike reconciled and she returned home, finding out shortly thereafter that she was pregnant. Mike testified that this particular argument began while he and his wife were at her mother's house. Later that day, he and Susan returned home and the fight continued. He testified that he did not strike Susan. He stated that he did leave the residence to purchase liquor and a gun. He explained that he had sold a gun in order to purchase a wedding ring for Susan *1143 and he purchased the gun as a replacement. Mike denied threatening to kill himself or Susan. Susan also described an incident that occurred when she was eight months pregnant. She explained that she was trying to help Mike get dressed and groomed for a military drill. She stated that he found fault with everything she did and was continually cursing at her. Susan gave birth to a son, Andrew, on May 30, 1989. Susan stated that after Andrew was born, the relationship between her and Mike became worse. Susan described the fight that prompted her to leave the matrimonial domicile. Susan explained that she had begun to work parttime at the pawn shop where her husband was employed. She said the fight was about her working and taking Andrew with her to work. She described that Mike beat on the walls and kicked the furniture. According to Susan, when she threatened to leave, Mike violently grabbed her hair and tried to get Andrew out of her arms. She stated that he also squeezed her neck until she let go of the baby. Mike wanted Susan to leave but when she tried to leave, Mike would not let her take the baby. Susan refused to leave without the baby. Susan explained that she wanted to leave the apartment at that time with Andrew but was fearful for her safety due to the fact that Mike kept many guns in the apartment. However, she explained that, at this point, she was determined to leave with Andrew when she could do so safely. Approximately seven to ten days after this fight, Susan packed some of her and Andrew's belongings and left the matrimonial domicile. She returned to her parents' house. Mike confirmed that he and Susan did have a fight regarding Susan's work at the pawn shop, approximately two weeks before Susan left. However, Mike denied losing his temper during this argument. He testified that he did not grab Susan's hair and he did not strangle her. Bobbie Boudreaux, plaintiff's mother, testified regarding her knowledge about the fights that occurred between Susan and Mike. She testified that they fought a lot and that she had witnessed displays of temper by Mike. More specifically, Ms. Boudreaux explained that her daughter came to her house one day and was very upset. Susan told her mother that she and Mike had a fight, Mike had left the apartment, bought some liquor and a gun and returned, threatening to shoot both Susan and himself. According to Ms. Boudreaux, Susan left her apartment, drove to her mother's home and stayed for four days. At that time, her daughter reconciled with Mike.[1] At the time of the filing of plaintiff's suit for separation, La.C.C. art. 138 set forth the grounds for a separation from bed and board and provided, in pertinent part, as follows: Separation from bed and board may be claimed reciprocally for the following causes: . . . . . 3. On account of habitual intemperance of one of the married persons, or excesses, cruel treatment, or outrages of one of them toward the other, if such habitual intemperance, or such *1144 ill-treatment is of such a nature as to render their living together insupportable; The party seeking a separation bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence the facts in support of his demand. Edelen v. Edelen, 457 So.2d 171 (La.App. 2d Cir.1984). Fault is a question of fact. The trial court's finding on the issue will not be disturbed on appeal absent a finding of manifest error. Nungesser v. Nungesser, 558 So.2d 695 (La. App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 560 So.2d 30 (La.1990). In the area of domestic relations, much discretion must be vested in the trial judge and particularly in evaluating the weight of evidence which is to be resolved primarily on the basis of credibility of witnesses. The trial judge having observed the demeanor of the witnesses is in the better position to rule on their credibility. Pearce v. Pearce, 348 So.2d 75 (La. 1977). In Jarman v. Jarman, 540 So.2d 444 (La.App. 1st Cir.1989), this court addressed cruel treatment as follows: A finding of cruelty requires a dual analysis of the facts. First, the judge must decide whether or not the objective factual conduct, which is alleged to be cruel, actually occurred. Second, if the trial judge finds that the conduct in fact occurred, he must make a further, largely subjective, determination as to whether or not that conduct rendered the parties' living together insupportable under the terms of article 138(3). 540 So.2d at 447 Furthermore, the mere uncorroborated testimony of one spouse, whether denied or admitted by the other, does not constitute a preponderance of the evidence sufficient to support a judgment of separation or divorce. Yamayans v. Yamayans, 490 So.2d 371 (La.App. 1st Cir.1986). In the present case, the trial judge determined that plaintiff was entitled to a separation based on defendant's cruel treatment. We find no manifest error in this determination. Appellee alleges that the cruel treatment which prompted her to leave the matrimonial domicile occurred approximately at the end of July, 1989. She described that Mike beat on the walls and kicked the furniture, pulled her hair and squeezed her neck until she let go of the baby, whom she held in her arms. Susan and her mother also testified regarding a previous incident in which Mike cursed at Susan, pushed her and threatened to kill her. Because the couple reconciled after this incident, it may not be used as a basis for the trial court's judgment of separation. However, this testimony regarding defendant's previous acts is material as corroboration of his subsequent action and to demonstrate a justification for plaintiff's fear for her personal safety. Even a single act of cruelty can render living together insupportable. Simon v. Simon, 530 So.2d 669 (La.App. 4th Cir.1988). We think that the incident described by plaintiff in which defendant pulled plaintiff's hair and strangled her neck constituted cruel treatment by the defendant of such a nature as to render living together insupportable. Defendant claims that plaintiff should be found guilty of abandonment. In order for a party to prevail on an allegation of abandonment, it must be shown the other party withdrew from the matrimonial domicile without lawful cause and has constantly refused to return. La.C.C. art. 143.[2]Smiley v. Smiley, 488 So.2d 1285 (La.App. 4th Cir.1986). "Lawful cause" consists of any reasons which in themselves would be sufficient grounds for a legal separation. Blanchard v. Blanchard, 490 So.2d 361 (La.App. 1st Cir.1986). A single instance of cruel treatment by the other spouse may be sufficient to constitute lawful cause for leaving. Smiley v. Smiley, 488 So.2d at 1286. *1145 It is undisputed that plaintiff withdrew from the matrimonial domicile on August 7, 1989. However, having found defendant guilty of cruel treatment, which is lawful cause for separation, we conclude plaintiff was justified in withdrawing from the matrimonial domicile. CUSTODY Defendant argues that the trial court erred in awarding sole custody of Andrew to plaintiff. Defendant argues that plaintiff has not presented sufficient evidence to rebut the presumption that joint custody is in the best interest of the child. At the time this suit was filed, La.C.C. art. 146 A(1) and (2) provided as follows: A. If there are children of the marriage whose provisional custody is claimed by both husband and wife, the suit being yet pending and undecided, custody shall be awarded in the following order of preference, according to the best interest of the children: (1) To both parents jointly. The court shall, unless waived by the court for good cause shown, require the parents to submit a plan for implementation of the custody order.... A plan of implementation shall allocate the time periods each parent shall enjoy physical custody of the children and the legal authority, privileges and responsibilities of the parents.... (2) To either parent. In making an order for custody to either parent, the court shall consider, among other factors, which parent is more likely to allow the child or children frequent and continuing contact with the noncustodial parent, and shall not prefer a parent as custodian because of that parent's sex or race. The burden of proof that joint custody would not be in a child's best interest shall be upon the parent requesting sole custody. In the present case, both parties testified that they cannot communicate with each other. Plaintiff testified that she and Mike do not get along and she is scared of Mike. Defendant testified that he and his wife do not talk to each other. When the parties cannot communicate amicably, the courts have determined that joint custody is not in the child's best interest. Watermeier v. Watermeier, 504 So.2d 856 (La.1987); Draper v. Draper, 556 So.2d 210 (La.App. 2d Cir.1990). Since the record clearly shows that the parents cannot communicate, we find that plaintiff has met the burden of proof that joint custody would not be in Andrew's best interest. After determining that joint custody was not in the child's best interest, the trial court was authorized to determine which parent should be awarded sole custody. The trial court's award of sole custody of Andrew to plaintiff is entitled to great weight and cannot be disturbed without a clear showing of abuse of discretion by the trial court. Draper, 556 So.2d at 212. Furthermore, we recognize that the trial judge is in a better position to evaluate the credibility of witnesses and the weight of evidence than an appellate court which does not hear or see the witnesses. A review of the evidence establishes that Andrew has resided with his mother since his birth. At the time of trial, he was eight and one-half months old. The record further establishes that Susan was the primary care giver during the brief two month period during which the parents remained together after Andrew's birth. Susan testified that she fed, dressed, diapered and personally cared for Andrew with little or no assistance from defendant. Accordingly, we find no manifest error in the trial court's award of sole custody of Andrew to plaintiff. CHILD SUPPORT Appellant contends there is insufficient evidence in the record to support an award of child support in the amount of $250.00 per month. Appellant further argues that the trial court erred in failing to determine the child support award based on the guidelines set forth in La.R.S. 9:315 et seq. La.R.S. 9:315.1 provides that the "guidelines set forth in this Part are to be used in any proceeding to establish or modify child support filed on or after October 1, 1989." *1146 In this case, plaintiff's original petition, which requested an award for child support, was filed prior to October 1, 1989. Thus, the provisions of La.R.S. 9:315 et seq. did not govern the trial court's determination regarding child support. A supplemental and amending petition was filed by plaintiff on October 12, 1989. Because this petition was filed after the effective date of La.R.S. 9:315 et seq., appellant argues that the statutory guidelines should apply. We disagree. La.C.C.P. art. 1153 provides that amended petitions relate back to the date of filing of the original pleading. Thus, plaintiff's supplemental and amending petition relates back to the date on which the original petition was filed, which was before the effective date of La.R.S. 9:315 et seq. See Holland v. Holland, 539 So.2d 1011 (La.App. 4th Cir.1989). Relevant to child support, La.C.C. art. 227 provides that the mother and father are responsible for the obligation of supporting their children. La.C.C. art. 231 provides "[a]limony shall be granted in proportion to the wants of the person requiring it, and the circumstances of those who are to pay it." If finances permit, children are entitled to the same quality of life they enjoyed while they lived with both parents. Siciliani v. Siciliani, 552 So.2d 560 (La. App. 2d Cir.1989), writ denied, 556 So.2d 40 (La.1990). The obligation of support is not limited to monetary contributions but includes the day-to-day care of the children which the custodial parent provides. Id. In fixing the amount of child support, the trial court is vested with considerable discretion. Ducote v. Ducote, 339 So.2d 835 (La.1976). The trial testimony established that Mr. Carroll was employed as a deputy sheriff. His gross pay for a two-week period was $447.32 and his net pay for this period was $372.10. The child's expenses, listed in Mrs. Carroll's affidavit of income and monthly itemized expenses, totalled $488.90. Although one or two of these itemized expenses appeared to be exaggerated, for the most part, we find the expenses to be legitimate and reasonable. The greater part of the listed expenses was for food, clothes, diapers, laundry, daycare and medical expenses. These are the usual expenses that are associated with a small child. Considering Mr. Carroll's circumstances and the child's needs, we find the $250.00 per month award for child support is not manifestly erroneous. ALIMONY PENDENTE LITE Appellant argues that he lacks sufficient means to pay a $200.00 per month award of alimony pendente lite. He further claims that Mrs. Carroll has failed to establish any true need for alimony pendente lite because she is living at her parents' home with her expenses being paid by her parents. At the time this suit was filed, La.C.C. art. 148 provided: If the spouse has not a sufficient income for maintenance pending suit for separation from bed and board or for divorce, the judge may allow the claimant spouse, whether plaintiff or defendant, a sum for that spouse's support, proportioned to the needs of the claimant spouse and the means of the other spouse. The purpose of this article is to provide temporarily for the spouse who does not have sufficient income for his or her maintenance and to preserve the spouse's standard of living comparable to that enjoyed prior to the separation. Jarman v. Jarman, 540 So.2d at 446, Velez v. Velez, 552 So.2d 1271 (La.App. 5th Cir.1989). In awarding alimony pendente lite, the court must determine the amount needed by the claimant spouse for maintenance and support during the pendency of the suit. If that amount is proportionate to the means of the other spouse, the amount should be awarded; if not, the court should fix an amount in proportion to the need and the means in such a way as to be fair to each party. Id. At the time of trial and during most of the marriage, Mrs. Carroll was a full-time college student. Before and after the separation, Mrs. Carroll had worked only briefly. At the time of trial, she was *1147 not working and had no income. She and Andrew lived with her parents, who paid for all of her expenses. However, Mrs. Carroll testified that her parents were lending her these funds and she intended to fully reimburse them for these expenses. Mrs. Carroll's affidavit of expenses listed her expenses to be over $800.00 per month. Mrs. Carroll further claimed that during the marriage, she and Mike lived well, had plenty enough money to dine out regularly, to pay the bills and to purchase clothes. While Mr. Carroll's bi-weekly net income is $372.10, Mr. Carroll claims that his monthly expenses are $942.00 per month. He claims that his monthly income after the separation is drastically reduced from the monthly income he earned prior to the separation. The record establishes that Mr. Carroll was fired from the job that he held prior to the parties' separation. Additionally, during most of the time that the parties were living together, they did not have the expenses associated with child-rearing; the parties remained together for only about two months after Andrew was born. Accordingly, Mrs. Carroll cannot expect to be maintained in the standard of living that she enjoyed prior to the time that Andrew was born. Considering Mr. Carroll's reduced income and his child support obligations, we find that the trial court erred in awarding $200.00 per month alimony pendente lite. We find an award of $100.00 per month in favor of Mrs. Carroll is more in proportion to her needs and Mr. Carroll's means. For the reasons assigned, we reduce the trial court's award of alimony pendente lite to $100.00 per month. This sum is payable in semi-monthly installments due on the first and fifteenth days of each month. Otherwise, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Each party is to pay one-half of the costs of this appeal. AMENDED AND, AS AMENDED, AFFIRMED. NOTES [1] During trial, defense counsel objected to this particular testimony of Ms. Boudreaux, claiming it was hearsay. The trial court ruled that the testimony was hearsay but allowed the testimony into evidence, stating that it came in under an exception to the hearsay rule. We agree. La.C.E. art. 803 provides in pertinent part: The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule, even though the declarant is available as a witness: (2) Excited utterance. A statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition. We find that plaintiff's description of the July 17, 1988, fight to her mother was an excited utterance. Plaintiff described that Mike returned to the apartment with a gun and threatened to kill her. She left shortly thereafter and drove directly from her apartment in Hammond to her mother's house in Baton Rouge. Plaintiff's mother testified that plaintiff was very upset upon her arrival. While still under the stress of excitement caused by her husband's actions, she then recounted the incident to her mother. [2] La.C.C. art. 143 was in effect at the time this suit was filed. This article was vacated by the amendment and re-enactment of Chapters 1 and 2 of Title V of Book I of the Civil Code, effective January 1, 1991. | Mid | [
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I just read Why I don’t like hackathons and had to disagree. Not because the ideas are necessarily wrong, only that they apply generically to any focused effort in a short time frame. The same critique could be made of academic conferences. As an exercise, I replaced ‘hackathons’ with ‘conferences’ and made some slight tweaks to change the hackathon specific language. It holds up surprisingly well in this new context, especially the “time commitment” argument . Why I don’t like conferences, by Matthew Butler I seem to have had this discussion a few times lately, so I’m going to save myself the trouble of repeating it and just write down all the problems I have with conferences. (Yes, I know lots of people have previously posted about what they don’t like about conferences; I’ve linked some of them at the bottom of this post, if you want some other opinions too.) They’re too much commitment Me: I’m kind of interested in your thing. How can I get involved?Them: We have a conference coming up. You should come! Here’s how that sounds to me: Me: I’d like to get a little more physically active.Them: You should come run a marathon on the weekend! Conferences are intense and exhausting, and they’re meant to be. They’re usually a whole weekend of focused work, often with insufficient sleep, and too much encouragement to use masses of caffeine to stay awake for 48 hours. Sorry, but I’m not going to do that for my projects, let alone yours. They exclude people with lives and responsibilities This follows naturally from the marathon nature. A conference usually takes up a whole weekend, often starting Friday night and going through until Sunday evening. Sometimes you’re expected or encouraged to stay on-site overnight, or sometimes the norm is to go home to sleep, but either way it chews up multiple consecutive days. I have other things going on in my life: errands to run, friends to see, a veggie garden to keep watered, and other community events and commitments to schedule around. Attending a weekend-long event means massively rearranging my life. And I don’t have kids or other people to care for; if I did, it would be pretty much impossible. That exclusion is not evenly distributed I see fathers of kids at conferences pretty often, perhaps because their wives are looking after the kids. I see mothers far less often. Domestic and career responsibilities are unevenly distributed, which means women are more likely to be too busy to attend conferences than men are. Until I did some research for this post, I’d never yet seen a conference with childcare or which provides information or assistance for parents; not even the women-only conference held recently in a city near me. (After some research, I now have heard of one) Sure, most younger women don’t yet have childcare responsibilities, but that just points out another unequal exclusion: the older you are, the more responsibilities you are likely to have, and the less energy you have for all-night Red Bull fuelled writing sessions. Unsurprisingly, conference participants are generally on the young side. It’s well documented that diverse teams have more creative ideas. So why exclude entire categories of people by holding an event that is hard for them to participate in? They’re unhealthy I’ve been to a few of these events, and I’ve never yet felt like I didn’t come out of it less healthy than I went in. Speaking for myself, I like daylight, moving around, eating lots of veggies, and drinking lots of water. I work at a standing desk part of the day (looking out the window at trees and birds), take lots of breaks to clear my mind and move my body, and usually make lunch with homebaked bread and something from my garden. I also like getting a good night’s sleep. I’m not saying that everyone can or should do what I do. It’s entirely up to you to do what makes your body feel good, or to balance feeling good with other priorities. But I know that for me, when I attend a conference, if I spend two long days in poor lighting and poor ventilation, sitting hunched over my laptop at a meeting table in an uncomfortable chair, eating pretty average catering food or pizza (almost always especially mediocre because I go for the vegetarian option), I feel like crap. Now, sometimes I’m prepared to feel like crap for a weekend for a good cause. But it has to be a pretty convincing cause. Competition, meh. One thing that doesn’t convince me: competition. For so many conferences, the end-game is to have a paper accepted to put on a CV. I really, really don’t care. In fact it puts me off, and makes me less likely to attend. To start with, I know how to do a cost-benefit analysis. The last conference in my area, I think there were very few papers accepted for the number of attendees. Most attendees actually got zero papers accepted. I might be up for tenure, but not desperate enough to consider that a good use of two whole days of my time. Quite apart from that, though, I’m not motivated by competition. Tell me you’re going to judge whose paper is the “best” and I get crippled by stereotype threat, instantly flashing back to being the last picked for the team in gym class. And I’m a scholar with 20 years’ experience under my belt, who’s worked with dozens of theories, and is comfortable with everything from Microsoft Word to Endnote. Imagine if I was new and less sure of my abilities? You can tell me all you like about how collaborative the atmosphere of your event is, but if you are only accepting select papers you just sound hypocritical. If you want me to believe the event is collaborative, don’t make it a competition. Why can’t I work on an existing paper? Every conference I’ve been to has required that you come up with a new paper to present. At some conferences, I’ve seen people complain that people are cheating if they come with anything written by other people. I spend most of my time working on projects that I think are important and worthwhile. My head is full of them, I know my way around my ideas and scholarship, and I have endless ideas for improvements and new chapters I want to work on. Now you want me to show up at your event, put aside all the investment and focus I’ve built up for my project, and work on some new ideas for the weekend. They’re just ideas The result is that people have quick papers that are cute and flashy, but have little depth like a book. Meh. And then they’re gone. People say that conference pr are just for presenting papers, and that great things can later emerge from them. However, conference papers seldom survive beyond the weekend. Sure, I see conference organisers trying to take steps to ensure that projects have longevity but does this actually work? I reviewed a handful of papers, including many accepted into conferences, from the last conference I was at and found not a single one with a edit since the conference five months ago. Here’s why: conferences intentionally select for people who work intensely for that conference, then award them with presentations. Therefore, none of those things happen. So what are conferences good for? They can be a pretty good PR exercise. They can raise awareness of new theory or among scholars and give them a space to experiment with them. They can be stimulate your creativity, if your creativity happens to be stimulated by short deadlines and so on. They can be a feel-good networking experience for the (overwhelmingly academic, young, female) participants. Here’s what I want instead Ongoing projects that are maintained and used over several years. A welcoming environment for people of all skill and confidence levels, with opportunity for mentorship, learning, and working at your own pace. A schedule that makes it possible to participate without having to make heroic efforts to juggle your other responsibilities. Hello- We didn’t get to talk much at Xxxxxx’s party, and I’ve been very busy and not had alot of time to send much mail, so here it goes. Congratulations on going to grad school. Your mom wasn’t sure what your degree is in, so let me know. I don’t think I would have the patience to go to grad school. I’ve met too many people with multiple degrees in studio art and they seem to be more obsessed with letting people know their academic background than actually using their degrees! But these are the same people who would rather tell me what the artist was doing or feeling when they did the painting, instead of just enjoying the way it looks. Xxxxx is a little (no – alot) like this. She is the art historian of the family. Xxxx can’t stand her analysis of everything. Oh well, I’m sure you will do fine and have a great time! Good Luck. The story of my Fathers (but not Mothers) is one of conquest, brutal theft of land, and genocide. It all started 30,000 years ago when my paternal ancestors were some of the first Cro-Magnon people to emerge out of Central Asia into what is now Europe. We cohabited the land for many centuries with the Neanderthal but greed and corruption got the best of us. Over the course of several millennia we competitively replaced the Neanderthal in their native land and began the systematic colonization of modern Europe, killing off an entire species of proto-humans in the process. My people made the Pyrenees Mountains their home for untold generations after that. Current-day Southern France, Northern Spain, Andorra, and parts of Northern Portugal are what we called home for thousands of generations. Much later, during the Roman Empire, some of my family can be triangulated to the coasts of the Catalan-Balearic Sea in western Spain. We were no doubt conscripted to conquer land. Another branch, which lived a bit further north in Southern France, were some of the first families to invade Ireland in the 12th century A.D., again, fueled by a lust for conquest and domination. Theobald Walter, who accompanied Prince John (the bad guy in the Robin Hood stories) into Ireland in 1185, was named Butler of Ireland. Theobald changed his surname to Butler to mark his service to the crown. This is the origin of my current family name and Kilkenny Castle in Southern Ireland became the seat of the Butler family for 500 years. To some it represents the spoils of war – to others, the domination of an indigenous population. A group of Butlers moved from Ireland to the New World in the 17th century, becoming farmers and trappers – and no doubt slave owners – in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky before heading north, up the Big River, into Illinois near Carthage. Since the early 1800’s, the Butlers have lived on or around the Mississippi River. This is where I grew up: as the grandson of two Railroad men on the banks of the Mighty Mississippi. I hope our brutal legacy has come to a close at last. In fact, one very small branch of our paternal family tree now ends with me, my brother, and one male cousin. Unless we produce sons, that twig of the tree ends with us. So far, I think we’ve decided to let that happen. I totally forgot I wrote this for a project by ACE = Art Culture Experiments back in 2008 and just stumbled across it on Google. It was prompted by a controversial use of the word ‘queer’ and various artists and writers were asked to contribute a blurb about it. Unsurprisingly, mine ended up being overly technical. “What are your thoughts on Queer?” Matt Butler wrote: “A naming collision is a circumstance where two or more identifiers in a given namespace or a given scope cannot be unambiguously resolved, and such unambiguous resolution is a requirement of the underlying system.” It seems to me that the identifier becomes ambiguous when used outside of either heteronormative or LGBT communities. Depending on the community, it can be used positively or negatively. It’s probably most confusing when used by people who don’t strongly identify with either community and are unsure of how their use of the word will be perceived. My feeling is that the only way to reduce ambiguity is to always default to a positive connotation that represents pride, acceptance and love. Further use of in this way, particularly in public contexts where a naming collision is likely, will help to clearly define the word for confused individuals. It is clear that the pejorative use of has been deprecated and should be avoided. There was a time, before 9/11, when you could leave and enter this country on nothing but a driver’s license and a smile. Back in ’00, I backpacked and smiled my way down to the Southern-most part of Mexico to find the legendary beach of Zipolite. Maybe I watched The Beach one too many times or maybe I was looking for the perfect anti-Acapulco with Leonardo, but after several bus rides, cab rides, hitchhikes and hikes, I found the beach. I heard about Zipolite from a friend of a friend and decided I needed to visit this Shangri-La, no-law, clothing-optional paradise. Forget Cabo San Lucas and it’s two-week, drunk, spring-break crowd, I was looking for a real change in my reality — and I found it. Most of Zipolite’s inhabitants hailed from South America, Germany, Sweden, Mexico, or somewhere else. This was a place to live for a while. The nudity was certainly awkward at first but after a few days of living on the beach, it became a part of life. Living on the beach meant renting a hammock for two dollars per night or a cabana for six. After a few nights of bonfires, music, tuna pizza, and dangerous riptides, we all became close, if only temporary friends. That’s when I met John. John was an American, though he seemed like he belonged to Mexico. Most of his days were spent surfing the murderous waves at the beach, drinking juice and Mezcal, and fighting with his girlfriend. A lot of people have died at Zipolite, but John told me how to beat the tide. It was all a myth, he said. “Everyone is scared”. I never went in over my head, but I knew that if I got sucked out to sea all I had to do was swim parallel to shore. Sometimes I wished I could get swept down the coast to the little Shambala commune built into the cliff. I heard from John that it was built in the 60’s, and rarely used today. I walked the two miles down the beach and up the hand-carved staircase to the abandoned temple. The dwellings were all uninhabited and the prayer area was empty. I became scared on top of the cliff overlooking the Pacific, so I snapped one single shot on my five dollar 3-D camera I picked up at Osco a month before. The abstract blue sea photo is the only photographic proof I have of Zipolite to this day. Later that week, I ran into John again. I never grew tired of watching him peel foil from the lid of the small plastic juice bottles that he could buy for a peso. He would take a quick drink then would top off the container with his Mezcal. Mezcal is a hallucinogenic drink, like absinthe. Get drunk enough and you’ll start seeing things. But that day John was more intersested in scissors. Scissors are a versatile tool. Betther than a knife, he claimed. You could cut in so many different ways with a pair of scissors. He hadn’t seen any scissors for about three years so I gave him mine. It was nearing the end of my trip and I hadn’t even considered my scissors until now. Live on the beach for a month, and you don’t need to sew. Live on the beach for a year, and it’s a way to keep your clothes together. I gave John the utensil and considered it even for the surf lessons and lore. A couple of years later I heard from some friends that John got deported. Supposedly he landed back into America in New York harbor on the morning of September 11, 2001. If you’ve spent any length of time in our fair city you’ve probably noticed we have a healthy and vibrant drinking culture. The cool kids here like to go out and have their PBRs or high-quality craft beers or Jagerbombs or whatever. Along with the celebrating (who-knows-what) comes the inevitable and dreaded Public Intoxication arrest – a misdemeanor so varied in its applicability some are left to wonder what it actually means. To the knowledgeable, public intox means you were in the wrong place at the wrong time. To the less informed it automatically means you were blacked out face-down in the middle of Linn St. It’s a very wide range but let’s look at the law. According to Iowa Code section 123.46 You can be arrested if you are drunk or pretending to be drunk in a public place. What is drunk (or pretend drunk) and what is public you ask? Drunk means your reason or mental ability has been affected, judgement impaired, emotions visibly excited, or you’ve lost control of bodily actions. Public place means streets, parking lots, steps of apartment buildings, dorms, bars, and event centers. So that means you can technically be arrested if you’re emotionally excited in a bar. Woo hoo. Bring on the fun. Hope you hate music. You also probably know you have some rights if you’re ever caught with a buzz on someplace besides locked in your bedroom with the shades pulled. See, there’s a thing called the 5th Amendment. This means you can’t be forced to be a witness against yourself. It roughly translates into “DON’T TALK TO THE COPS.” If they ask you if you’ve been drinking you don’t have to answer. You also get to refuse a breath test. You may instead request an independent chemical test. Oh, and the cop can’t order you into public either if you’re not already. Now that that’s clear, let’s move on to how the police will lie to you and trick you into invalidating one of those rights. Of course your mileage may vary depending on your skin color. The police (in their unending interest to protect and serve us) have developed a series of tactics to trick the citizenry into getting arrested. If you don’t believe me, just ask anyone who’s been at the ass end of one of these bogus public intox charges. It happens more than you think and there’s not a damn thing you can do about it except hopelessly whine to the Council or Police Citizen’s Review Board. There’s no way to prove this conspiracy theory except share stories of dumb Public Intox arrests. 1. Executive Summary David Shields, in his book Reality Hunger: A Manifesto, boldy declares fiction and other forms of traditional literature to be moribund. Our nebulous and highly diffused modern culture is rendering these forms into something unrecognizable to the previous generation. Writers and artists are taking larger chunks of culture as raw material, blurring the line between truth and lie – fiction and non-fiction – book and everything else. As an official UNESCO City of Literature, Iowa City is like the Silicon Valley of literature. Nicknamed “Pulitzer Town”, it is an engine of creation, with some of the smartest writers in the world travelling here to fund and develop their lit “startup”. The analogy extends further with the renown Writer’s Workshop serving as the Y Combinator or the Sequoia Capital of writerly ventures. Experience and critical mass make Iowa City the perfect place to begin a new literary startup. However, if Shields is to be believed, Iowa City’s reputation is threatened. The town’s lit cred is based almost entirely off of the traditional model. The Great American Novel, the proud memoir, the meticulous poem, and the other forms one can only imagine are banged out on an old typewriter with cigarette dangling from artist’s mouth make up the town’s literary history. What happens to this venerable tradition when it is swallowed by the rolling mechanization of the future? How will the quiet and scholarly writer of literature respond to the insatiable appetite for reality as Shields predicts? Will Iowa City become to the City of Literature what Detroit became to the Motor City? 2. Studio History Intermedia Writing Systems (IWS) was founded in 2008 by Matthew Butler as a studio focused on developing electronic art and literature. The first major project was working with with Aaron Sachs, doctoral student in Communications and Media Theory, on a digital translation of his creative research paper. They presented Box Full A of Angels at the National Communication Association’s annual conference in 2008. A Box Full of Angels was an interactive narrative space disguised as a computer operating system. Users could navigate the interface to discover and piece together the fictional research of other scholars piecing together fictional research. Each generation of scholar would compile their research into a box to be discovered by a new scholar, unraveling another layer of fiction/research. Ultimately the user could unlock the religious connotations of the overarching narrative to reveal a real-time chat session with media theorists Marshall McLuhan and Walter Benjamin, answering the user’s questions from beyond the grave. Version 2 of A Box Full of Angels was selected for inclusion in the 2009 FILE Electronic Language Festival in São Paulo, Brazil. Further IWS projects have investigated the authenticity of authorship through specialized writing algorithms, namely the Open Wound application developed by Butler. Open Wound analyzes existing writing then outputs a stylized text using the words and parts-of-speech in the original. In 2010 IWS published the hardcover book Gravitation at the Jet Realm. IWS has also produced mobile applications, particularly Anemoi in 2010. In Greek mythology, the Anemoi were wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction, from which their respective winds came, and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions. They were often personified as winged men and, according to the Greek poet Hesiod, were the children of Astraeus and the goddess of the dawn Eos. This web application attempted to bridge the gap between data and poetry. It queried NOAA for current wind directions based on an airport of the user’s choosing then returned the results as the appropriate wind god of Greek mythology. 3. Vision Statement We will increase the value of our studio and our national portfolio of diversified projects by exceeding expectations and achieving artistic leadership and operating excellence in every segment of our studio. There’s been a lot of talk lately about labor unions, spurred on of course by the events in Wisconsin and other states. As a worker who takes on jobs both with and without union representation, I thought I’d chime in briefly with my thoughts on the matter. Currently my time is split at about 75% union work and 25% non-union work. I’ve been a member of a labor union since 1999 when I joined COGS UE Local 896 and then later AFSCME as part of my employment at the Iowa City Public Library. In ’99 I was pretty ignorant about why I needed to join COGS or what my dues were even paying for, but I was interested and willing to give it a shot. During the semester I began graduate school, the union was locked in a fairly heated battle with the University over delays in TA paychecks. Some of the teaching and research assistants were going months without pay and the union was rightfully upset by it. I saw first-hand then how useful the union was for me and the power of collective bargaining. The union stood up for its members and were able to get the problem solved. I was sold on their effectiveness. As a member of AFSCME, I’m not as active in the union as I’d like to be but am still a proud member that believes very strongly in collective bargaining and making sure all workers are represented fairly and compensated equitably. I’m completely convinced that the only way workers at Wal-Mart, for example, would be able to increase their benefits is to organize and unionize. There is currently no possible way for the “lowly employee” to demand just action from Wal-Mart management without being a member of a collective. As I mentioned, 25% of my time is also spent running a very small consulting business. As sole-proprietor, I’m free to charge what I like for my work, directly pay taxes on the revenue that comes in, and watch as my tiny business succeeds or fails based on my own efforts and skill. It’s fun and frustrating. I do it less for the money and more for the chance at working on interesting projects, but it’s still a legit company with a tax ID from the federal government and all the joys and headaches that brings. My feeling is that a lot of people who hate unions own a business or work in a private company and have plans to move up. They see a better world where everyone competes based on merit and skill and that’s how we bring out the best work and product. This is a narrow view of the world. It might work for the person that is developing his small 25% time business like mine, but this dog-eat-dog mentality just doesn’t translate to some fields and types of work. Having worked both union and non-union I wanted to dispel some common myths that I’ve run across about labor unions. Please comment if you have something to add or if I’m making a glaring error. Myth: Unions protect bad workers Many anti-unionists like to claim that unions make things more inefficient by protecting bad workers. I haven’t seen this to be the case. There is obviously protectionism going on with a unionized group of workers… that’s kinda the point. But in my experience, working in a union environment means everything is spelled out in detail and you know exactly what you can and can’t get away with. I think this is what gets misunderstood. In a non-union job you can be fired for pretty much anything. Boss doesn’t like you, you’re gone. This isn’t fair and it’s what unions protect against. The question is who decides who is a “bad worker” or not? Being in a union simply means you get to sit down at the table with your boss and an arbitrator to decide. If this is protecting bad workers then you don’t understand what it’s like to work in a low-paid or entry level job and not have much power over your own labor. Try it and see if maybe you want a union on your side. Myth: Unions cost more money Sometimes they do and sometimes they don’t. It’s my opinion that people’s wages and benefits are not simply another line on the accounting ledger. It’s a special category of expense that needs to be treated with respect. Unions do not exist in order to drain money away from tax payers and capitalists. Unions exist to make sure their workers receive a just and dignified wage. This is not a bad thing. Myth: Unions force workers to join Maybe some do, I don’t know every union. But my rather large union and the one embroiled in the Wisconsin controversy at the moment didn’t require me to join at all. I was asked politely by the union rep if I’d like to join and I was given all the time I needed to decide. There are people that I work with that have declined and they are never pressured. There’s an article in this month’s Little Village Magazine in which three friends and LV contributors talk about their love affair with Iowa City. I envy these guys because they all seem like down-to-earth dudes who know how to manage their relationship with Iowa City in a sane, adult way. They don’t ask too much and are always willing to give back to the relationship. It’s easy to see that when they get Iowa City pregnant they’re always there for moral support, to rub tired feet, give awesome back rubs, and go to all the lamaze classes. They are the type of kind, patient boyfriend or husband any town would want. Their babies grow up to be those well-behaved attractive kids that everyone loves. My artistic relationship with Iowa City is more like a typical marriage going on 15 years. Sure, we love each other but the spark just isn’t there anymore. We don’t fight but we aren’t exactly consumed by passion either. Our children are C students who got busted drinking behind the high school last April. There’s a thought that maybe we’re just staying together for the kids and life might be more exciting if we cheat. Chicago was totally hitting on me last weekend and it made me feel sexy for the first time in years. How did we get here, Iowa City? Our love affair was so steamy when we were working on that MFA together. Can we ever get that back? I blame myself. I haven’t put in the work that you deserve. I’m there to help out if you ask a couple of times but I don’t initiate enough of the housework. You wanted me to help organize some amazing artists’ warehouse space a few months ago and instead I sat around playing Fallout 3. Not cool, and I’m sorry. To be fair though, you never want to do anything new it seems. Whenever I suggest a new project you just fall back to the same stuff we’ve been doing since the 90’s. I know where to go to find singers, poets, crafters, and gardeners but I can never seem to find hackers, video artists, media designers, and developers. Am I too digital for you? I’m sure we’ll get through this like we always do. Baths is playing at Gabe’s in a couple of weeks. There’s 3-D porn at the Bijou tonight. And hey, Jimmy Wales is coming to town, so that’s cool. We can make it work if we stick together. If you promise not to roll your eyes when I start talking about computers I promise not to nod off when you start playing folk music. | Mid | [
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const bubbleSort = require('./bubble-sort'); const arrays = [ { unsorted: [4, 1, 8, 5, 1, 9, 5, 3, 5, 7, 1], nonDecreasing: [1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9], nonIncreasing: [9, 8, 7, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1] }, { unsorted: [3, 5, 4, 1, 0], nonDecreasing: [0, 1, 3, 4, 5], nonIncreasing: [5, 4, 3, 1, 0] }, { unsorted: [5, -1, -6, 7, 5, -9, 0], nonDecreasing: [-9, -6, -1, 0, 5, 5, 7], nonIncreasing: [7, 5, 5, 0, -1, -6, -9] }, ] describe('Sort the arrays using Bubble Sort', () => { arrays.forEach(array => { console.log(`Sorting the array: [${array.unsorted}]`); it('Sort in non-decreasing order', () => { const sorted = bubbleSort(array.unsorted); expect(sorted).toEqual(array.nonDecreasing); }); it('Sort in non-increasing order', () => { const sorted = bubbleSort(array.unsorted, false); expect(sorted).toEqual(array.nonIncreasing); }); }); }); | Mid | [
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Ceftriaxone - a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin. In vitro activity against gram-negative bacilli sensitive and resistant to gentamicin. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin 13-9904) was tested against 409 isolates of gram-negative bacilli. No difference was found in the susceptibility of the 262 gentamicin-sensitive or 147 gentamicin-resistant isolates to ceftriaxone. Comparison with other third-generation cephalosporins showed that ceftriaxone was as active as or more active than lamoxactam, cefoperazone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus sp., Klebsiella. Ceftriaxone was not as active as ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was more active than lamoxactam, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. | Mid | [
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Sandip Roy and Lakshmi Chaudhry are Firstpost editors. They take a wide angled view on society, popular culture and books, offering counter-intuitive views on a wide range of subjects. Chaudhry has worked and written for a number of publications both in the United States and India, including Salon, the Nation, Wired, Vogue, Elle and Open magazine. Roy is also a commentator for National Public Radio in the US, and has written for Huffington Post, New America Media, San Francisco Chronicle, India Abroad among others. Aamir Khan: Breaking the Rules Editor’s Note: Firstpost editors Sandip Roy and Lakshmi Chaudhry report on the ultimate celebrity conference. A five star line up of authors, intellectuals, biz tycoons, actors, politicians and more have gathered at the Grand Hyatt in Goa as part of Thinkfest. Co-organised by Tehelka and Newsweek, this haute version of TED brings together an eclectic and intriguing range of A-list names, from Nobel peace prize winning Leymah Gbowee to Omar Abdullah to author Siddharth Muherjee to Arvind Kejriwal. Here are their reports on some of the most interesting conversations. What makes Aamir Khan tick? Apparently it's Kiran Rao. The actor-director told a packed audience at Thinkfest in a conversation with Tarun Tejpal that the writers for Delhi Belly had spent two months trying to meet him and returned to Los Angeles. Rao happened to pick up the script one day while waiting impatiently for Khan to wrap up his email so they could go out. She started laughing. Harder and harder. Eventually, he had to check it out as well. "I just cracked up," says Khan. "We never did get to go out that evening." Aamir Khan isn't just a star, he's a hit-maker. He takes films and topics that no one else wants to touch and somehow manages to find an audience for them. Aamir Khan in conversation with Tarun Tejpal at the Goa Thinkfest. Sandip Roy/Firstpost Everyone told him Lagaan wouldn't work. When he showed Taare Zameen Par to friends, they told him not to release it. Why have you made a documentary, they complained. And when the film does work, he's promptly accused of being the ghost director. Especially because some of those same directors and screenwriters don't seem to be able to make it when away from his megawatt star power. What he's learned coming from a filmmaking family, sitting in a corner while people stopped by to pitch stories to his father and uncle is the simple lesson: “You have to be a team player. People look at the films as my success. But I didn’t write 3 Idiots. There was a writer. A director of photography. A sound designer. A musical director.” But he admits he does get very involved in the films he believes in, and not just an actor. He changed the climax of Rang De Basanti because he didn’t believe the idealist youngsters should kill the defence minister and scatter. “I said Bhagat Singh didn’t run away,” recalls Khan. He made Rancho in 3 Idiots more curious and childlike and less cocky. "As he was written, he had no problems. I thought by the time one third of the film was over, people would get really irritated.” “The original ending of Lagaan had a two inning match. I told (Asutosh Gowariker), make it one inning. The movie was already four hours, it would have been eight hours." As it is, when he saw the first cut of Lagaan, it was seven-hours-long including three hours of cricket. “My major contribution was in the editing,” says Khan. “We cut it for six months.” As a producer he says he looks for people who he thinks really have a story they are dying to tell. “It’s an intangible thing,” he says. “But people will sense these guys are excited to tell us a story.” Polite, engaged, charming, with a dash of un-fake humility, Khan seems the very antithesis of anyone’s idea of a rule-breaker. He's smart. “I loved reading from when I was seven.” He’s gracious. “I enjoy what I am doing. But more than that I enjoy what other people are doing. Munnabhai Lage Raho gave me such joy. It wasn’t my movie but I get really happy when I see good work.” He’s responsible. “As a creative person, I want to do what I want to do. But I don’t want to fail at it. I don’t want to experiment with someone else’s money.” He tail-ends his money from his films, instead of taking his cut upfront. He gives kudos to co-stars. “If I see a Govinda film while flipping channels that’s where my remote stops. I love his sense of timing.” And he’s self-deprecating. Told that he doesn’t have the obvious narcissism of a star, but rather the narcissism of wanting to leave a legacy of work, he retorts “Obvious narcissism bhi hai.” In the end, you are left with the nagging question – is the lighting too perfect? What gets under Aamir Khan’s skin? What’s the insecurity that keeps him going? Khan says it might go back to his tennis days. A tennis star, he spent five hours a day on the court much to the despair of his parents who thought he should be studying. So he abandoned tennis. “The studies didn’t benefit,” he says wryly. “But as an actor I thought I won’t do that mistake of not practicing every day. I won’t allow myself to fall short.” So what’s the mantra according to Aamir Khan? “We will make better films if we make films that we believe in, that we feel like doing, not just what we think people will like to watch.” | Mid | [
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HAMMERS HOLD EVERTON TO BARREN DRAW West Ham United held Everton FC to a barren draw as both sides clashed in the Premier League. The result was more devastating for the visitors as it was yet another setback in the bid to make the top five at the end of the season. TheHammers successfully nullified the attacks of the Toffees as Jose Fonte and James Collins were at their best in the game played at the London Stadium. Even the top scorer of the league RomeluLukakudid not have a chance to get a concrete attempt at goal. West Ham threatened through Manual Lanzini and Man of the Match Collins but Maarten Stekelenburg stopped their attempts. The barren draw helped the hosts get closer to safety, with four games left. They are seven points above the danger zone in an underwhelming season, considering their successes last year. Injuries and all sorts of issues hampered their start and after finding their feet, they slumped right back. It has been a tough season for Coach SlavenBilic. Talking about injuriesI Love AC Milan, Koeman is still without Aaron Lennon, YannickBolasie, and Seamus Coleman as they remain sidelined. Everton return to the sixth spot with Manchester United above them. United have games in hand, as do Arsenal who are in seventh place. Arsenal would face a critical test when they play second-placed team Tottenham Hotspur – the race for the title and top four. Chelsea are four points above Spurs so Mauricio Pochettino’s men would need to get the result and hope the Blues slip. If Arsenal lose, it would be the end of Champions League football next year, with appearance on the continent even in doubt. | Mid | [
0.5889830508474571,
34.75,
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However, it’s hard to escape the conclusion that something has fundamentally changed, albeit the shift is technological rather than cultural (a fact which Fukuyama himself alluded to in a later book). History, as we know it, is over not because we’ve figured it all out, but on the contrary because we’ve unleashed forces that render the future inscrutable. 1. From Linear Advancement to Accelerating Returns For most of history, stasis was the rule. There were different people, various empires, power struggles and perhaps the occasional discovery, yet life went on pretty much as it always had. The events we read about in the history books had little impact on most who lived at the time. A thousand years could go by and daily life would stay much the same. That’s changed in a resounding way. Life is substantially different than even a decade ago and completely unrecognizable from a century ago. It used to be that when you entered a business, the past would be a good guide to the future. You would mostly know what your career would look like the day you entered it. These days, on the other hand, business models have a short shelf life. The difference lies in accelerating returns. Our technology no longer follows an orderly, linear path, but improves exponentially. For instance, we can expect our computers to be 100 times more powerful in ten years, 1000 times more powerful in fifteen years and a million times more powerful in thirty years. And it’s not just computers either. We’re starting to see similar trends in gene sequencing and solar power, so we can expect medicine, energy and other industries to advance at the pace we’ve come to expect only in electronics. If you’re planning on the future to unfold at the same pace as the past, you’re likely to run into trouble. 2. From Regional Economics to Global Networks It used to be that innovation was centered around a certain time and place, like the Florence of the Medici in the 14th and 15th centuries or the Cambridge of the Bloomsbury Group at the beginning of the 20th. That’s still true to a certain extent. Silicon Valley, for instance, still rules the technology landscape, but not nearly as much as it used to. Today, Apple’s biggest competitor is not across town, but in South Korea. The engineering talent in Bangalore or Beijing (or Kiev, for that matter) is as good as you’ll find anywhere. Most of the fastest growing economies are in Africa and Central Asia. The reason is that we’re all connected now. 2.4 billion people or about one third of the world’s population are online. Mobile phones are becoming common even in the most remote places on the planet. When authorities started rounding up the members of the hacker group Anonymous, they found them strewn across the world, from Australia to Ankara. If ordinary people can collaborate across time zones with no formal structure, knowledge has no place or time. Competitive advantage increasingly resides in the cloud, which is why reverse innovation has already become a force to be reckoned with. 3. From Nodes to Networks Those who subscribe to the great man theory believe that history’s course is determined by the impact of highly capable individuals. While many disagree, it’s hard to argue that talented individuals have not played a part. However, by now it’s clear that intelligence has evolved, partly through the global networks mentioned above. A further development is the widespread use of machine intelligence, which has become pervasive things like in planning travel itineraries and recommending products, but also runs a large amount of market trading and other high level functions. In the future, the list of things that computers can do better than humans will expand quickly. More than ever before, we’re flying by wire, forming our own intent, but executing our actions through computer software informed by the actions of millions of others. But it never came to be. Population has indeed roughly doubled since then, but poverty and war have fallen off drastically. The world is a richer, better fed and drastically less violent place than it was forty years ago. We are, by any standard, dramatically better off (unfortunately, good news rarely sells, which is why we hear so little of it). While all this seems fantastic, we’ve seen it before. Our computers are vastly cheaper and millions of times more powerful than they were in the 70’s. As the informational content of other products and services increases, it shouldn’t be surprising that the economics of information is becoming more widely distributed. The Poverty of Historicism Business strategy has long been held hostage to the myth of the visionary. Like the grand strategists of old, titans of industry sought to understand long term trends through a keen sense of history and parlay those insights into superior business strategy. Later, corporate strategists used data analysis to achieve much the same thing. Opinions differ on whether this approach was ever successful or merely a case of survivorship bias (the success of Henry Ford is obvious while the failures of the hundreds of other automobile startups in the early 20th century have long been forgotten). Yet one thing is clear, technology has shortened the lifespan of any crucial insight to a few years. As Rita Gunther McGrath writes in her new book, The End of Competitive Advantage, “Prediction and being “right” will be less important than reacting quickly and taking corrective action.” Even the revolutionary iPhone was quickly overtaken by the fast following Android. How sustainable do you think your strategy is? In the future, we can expect technology cycles to continue to shorten, making planning cycles less realistic and less tenable. History, it seems, ain’t what it used to be. | Mid | [
0.559360730593607,
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Cookout A few questions about having a cookout in Ft Wilderness. First, we have about 8 Cabins that are suppose to be in the same loop (hopefully all next to each other), so I'm not too worried about the space issue. We are looking at about 50 people for an afternoon bbq. My plan is to just pick people up at the parking lot (the ones that aren't staying in Ft Wilderness) with golf carts. I know I've seen the Boy Scouts have huge cookouts in the tent loops, but I don't know about the Cabin loops. I don't want to create any type of problem for other people who are paying good money to stay in the Cabins. I'm hopeful that since it is during the day, other guests will be at a park. Does anyone see any problems I might run into We are planning on grilling all the meats there, but I would like to pick up some sides somewhere. Sonny's is too far away, does anyone know of a decent place to get large portions of catered sides maybe just outside of Disney. A few questions about having a cookout in Ft Wilderness. First, we have about 8 Cabins that are suppose to be in the same loop (hopefully all next to each other), so I'm not too worried about the space issue. We are looking at about 50 people for an afternoon bbq. My plan is to just pick people up at the parking lot (the ones that aren't staying in Ft Wilderness) with golf carts. I know I've seen the Boy Scouts have huge cookouts in the tent loops, but I don't know about the Cabin loops. I don't want to create any type of problem for other people who are paying good money to stay in the Cabins. I'm hopeful that since it is during the day, other guests will be at a park. Does anyone see any problems I might run into We are planning on grilling all the meats there, but I would like to pick up some sides somewhere. Sonny's is too far away, does anyone know of a decent place to get large portions of catered sides maybe just outside of Disney. Thanks for the help Click to expand... I would ask Disney, I believe there is a pavilion near the Meadows that you could use. You could also work with Disney Trail's End takeout for large sides. They have classic bbq style sides on the buffet. I would NOT just try to do it without discussing it. You don't want to risk anything, since you will have offsite guests there. I 2nd this about working with Disney with a group that large. I don't think there is any place within the cabin area to gather that many people without a huge disruption to others. I'm sure this situation has come up before and they would work with you. to you! | Mid | [
0.563492063492063,
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Do not stand at my grave and weep This is for the people I know who’ve lost close ones in recent weeks, and for all those who know what it feels like to lose someone. WARNING: do not read without kleenex to hand. Do not stand at my grave and weep, I am not there, I do not sleep. I am in a thousand winds that blow, I am the softly falling snow. I am the gentle showers of rain, I am the fields of ripening grain. I am in the morning hush, I am in the graceful rush Of beautiful birds in circling flight, I am the starshine of the night. I am in the flowers that bloom, I am in a quiet room. I am in the birds that sing, I am in each lovely thing. Do not stand at my grave and cry, I am not there. I do not die. To find out more about the poem’s attribution and history, please click here. Post navigation How beautiful and comforting. I think this was once read out in a film, it just sounds familiar….Have you read the one “stop all the clocks”? It’s beautiful too….I think that one was read out in the 4 weddings and a funeral film… ITS AGOOD POEM BECAUSE IT MAKES ME FEEL SOMETHING. I INDEED LOST MY DAD LAST YEAR AND SOMETIMES WHEN ITHINK OF HIM ON HARD TIMES I DO WEEP! ISOMETIMES I FEEL LIFE HAS GOT NO MEANING TO ME..EXCELLENT POEM! KM. | Mid | [
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include_directories( ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/toolkit ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/asf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/mpeg ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/ogg ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/ogg/vorbis ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/ogg/flac ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/flac ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/mpc ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/mp4 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/mpeg/id3v2 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/mpeg/id3v2/frames ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/wavpack ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/ogg/speex ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../taglib/trueaudio ) set(tag_c_HDRS tag_c.h) add_library(tag_c tag_c.cpp ${tag_c_HDRS}) target_link_libraries(tag_c tag) set_target_properties(tag_c PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER "${tag_c_HDRS}") if(BUILD_FRAMEWORK) set_target_properties(tag_c PROPERTIES FRAMEWORK TRUE) endif() # On Solaris we need to explicitly add the C++ standard and runtime # libraries to the libs used by the C bindings, because those C bindings # themselves won't pull in the C++ libs -- and if a C application is # using the C bindings then we get link errors. check_library_exists(Crun __RTTI___ "" HAVE_CRUN_LIB) if(HAVE_CRUN_LIB) # Which libraries to link depends critically on which # STL version is going to be used by your application # and which runtime is in use. While Crun is pretty much # the only game in town, the three available STLs -- Cstd, # stlport4 and stdcxx -- make this a mess. The KDE-Solaris # team supports stdcxx (Apache RogueWave stdcxx 4.1.3). # According to http://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=215225 the library can have the following two names: find_library(ROGUEWAVE_STDCXX_LIBRARY NAMES stdcxx4 stdcxx) if(NOT ROGUEWAVE_STDCXX_LIBRARY) message(FATAL_ERROR "Did not find supported STL library (tried stdcxx4 and stdcxx)") endif() target_link_libraries(tag_c ${ROGUEWAVE_STDCXX_LIBRARY} Crun) endif() set_target_properties(tag_c PROPERTIES VERSION 0.0.0 SOVERSION 0 DEFINE_SYMBOL MAKE_TAGLIB_C_LIB INSTALL_NAME_DIR ${LIB_INSTALL_DIR} ) install(TARGETS tag_c FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${FRAMEWORK_INSTALL_DIR} LIBRARY DESTINATION ${LIB_INSTALL_DIR} RUNTIME DESTINATION ${BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${LIB_INSTALL_DIR} PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}/taglib ) if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT BUILD_FRAMEWORK) configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/taglib_c.pc.cmake ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/taglib_c.pc) install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/taglib_c.pc DESTINATION ${LIB_INSTALL_DIR}/pkgconfig) endif() | High | [
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