Datasets:

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jennhu

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simplewiki_parsed

like 0

[ "April" ]

[ "(NP (NNP April))" ]

[ "April is the fourth month of the year, and comes between March and May.", "It is one of four months to have 30 days." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ fourth) (NN month)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN between) (NP (NNP March) (CC and) (NNP May))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (QP (NP (CD one)) (IN of) (CD four)) (NNS months)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (CD 30) (NNS days)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "April always begins on the same day of week as July, and additionally, January in leap years.", "April always ends on the same day of the week as December." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP April)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VP (VBZ begins) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP July)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB additionally)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP January)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP April)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBZ ends) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP December)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "April's flowers are the Sweet Pea and Daisy.", "Its birthstone is the diamond.", "The meaning of the diamond is innocence." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (NNP April) (POS 's)) (NNS flowers)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (DT the) (NML (NML (NNP Sweet) (NNP Pea)) (CC and) (NML (NNP Daisy))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ Its) (NN birthstone)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN diamond))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN meaning)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN diamond)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN innocence))) (. .))" ]

[ "April comes between March and May, making it the fourth month of the year.", "It also comes first in the year out of the four months that have 30 days, as June, September and November are later in the year." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN between) (NP (NNP March) (CC and) (NNP May))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG making) (S (NP (PRP it)) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ fourth) (NN month)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBZ comes) (ADVP (JJ first)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN year))) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD four) (NNS months)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (NP (CD 30) (NNS days)))))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NNP June) (, ,) (NNP September) (CC and) (NNP November)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB later) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN year)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "April begins on the same day of the week as July every year and on the same day of the week as January in leap years.", "April ends on the same day of the week as December every year, as each other's last days are exactly 35 weeks (245 days) apart." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ begins) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP July)))) (NP (DT every) (NN year)))) (CC and) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP January))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ ends) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP December)) (NP (DT every) (NN year)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NP (DT each) (JJ other) (POS 's)) (JJ last) (NNS days)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (NP (NP (QP (RB exactly) (CD 35)) (NNS weeks)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 245) (NNS days)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (RB apart)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In common years, April starts on the same day of the week as October of the previous year, and in leap years, May of the previous year.", "In common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as July of the previous year, and in leap years, February and October of the previous year.", "In common years immediately after other common years, April starts on the same day of the week as January of the previous year, and in leap years and years immediately after that, April finishes on the same day of the week as January of the previous year." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP October)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP May)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP July)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP February) (CC and) (NNP October)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))) (. .))", "(S (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (JJ common) (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN after) (NP (JJ other) (JJ common) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP January)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN leap) (NNS years) (CC and) (NP (NNS years))) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN after) (NP (DT that))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP January)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In years immediately before common years, April starts on the same day of the week as September and December of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, June of the following year.", "In years immediately before common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as September of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, March and June of the following year." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP September) (CC and) (NNP December)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP June)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP September)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (NP (NN leap) (NNS years)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP March) (CC and) (NNP June)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "April is a spring month in the Northern Hemisphere and an autumn/fall month in the Southern Hemisphere.", "In each hemisphere, it is the seasonal equivalent of October in the other." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN spring) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Northern) (NNP Hemisphere)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT an) (NML (NN autumn) (SYM /) (NN fall)) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Southern) (NNP Hemisphere)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT each) (NN hemisphere))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ seasonal) (NN equivalent)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP October))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ other))))) (. .))" ]

[ "It is unclear as to where April got its name.", "A common theory is that it comes from the Latin word \"aperire\", meaning \"to open\", referring to flowers opening in spring.", "Another theory is that the name could come from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.", "It was originally the second month in the old Roman Calendar, before the start of the new year was put to January 1." ]

[ "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ unclear)) (PP (IN as) (PP (IN to) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNP April)) (VP (VBD got) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN name)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT A) (JJ common) (NN theory)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Latin) (NN word)) (`` \") (NP (FW aperire)) (, \") (, ,) (VP (VBG meaning) (NP (`` \") (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB open)))) ('' \"))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG referring) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNS flowers)) (VP (VBG opening) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN spring)))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT Another) (NN theory)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN name)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB come) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNP Aphrodite)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Greek) (NN goddess)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN love))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB originally)) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ second) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ old) (NNP Roman) (NNP Calendar)))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN before) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN start)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ new) (NN year)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN put) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP January) (CD 1)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Quite a few festivals are held in this month.", "In many Southeast Asian cultures, new year is celebrated in this month (including Songkran).", "In Western Christianity, Easter can be celebrated on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25.", "In Orthodox Christianity, it can fall between April 4 and May 8.", "At the end of the month, Central and Northern European cultures celebrate Walpurgis Night on April 30, marking the transition from winter into summer." ]

[ "(S (NP (QP (PDT Quite) (DT a) (JJ few)) (NNS festivals)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN held) (PP (IN in)) (NP (DT this) (NN month)))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ many) (ADJP (JJ Southeast) (JJ Asian)) (NNS cultures))) (, ,) (NP (JJ new) (NN year)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN celebrated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT this) (NN month)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NNP Songkran))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ Western) (NNP Christianity))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Easter)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN celebrated) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT a) (NNP Sunday))) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NNP March) (CD 22)) (CC and) (NP (NNP April) (CD 25))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ Orthodox) (NNP Christianity))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB fall) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NNP April) (CD 4)) (CC and) (NP (NNP May) (CD 8)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN At) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN month))))) (, ,) (NP (ADJP (JJ Central) (CC and) (JJ Northern) (JJ European)) (NNS cultures)) (VP (VBP celebrate) (NP (NNP Walpurgis) (NNP Night)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP April) (CD 30))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG marking) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN transition)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN winter))) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN summer))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Poets use \"April\" to mean the end of winter.", "For example: \"April showers bring May flowers.\"" ]

[ "(S (NP (NNS Poets)) (VP (VBP use) (`` \") (NP (NNP April)) ('' \") (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB mean) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN winter)))))))) (. .))", "(FRAG (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (: :) (`` \") (S (NP (NNP April) (NNS showers)) (VP (VBP bring) (NP (NNP May) (NNS flowers)))) (. .) ('' \"))" ]

[ "August" ]

[ "(NP (NNP August))" ]

[ "August (Aug.) is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, coming between July and September.", "It has 31 days.", "It is named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (NNP August)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Aug.)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ eighth) (NN month)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Gregorian) (NN calendar)))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG coming) (PP (IN between) (NP (NNP July) (CC and) (NNP September)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (CD 31) (NNS days))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN named) (PP (IN after) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Roman) (NN emperor)) (NP (NNP Augustus) (NNP Caesar)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "August doesn't begin on the same day of the week as any other month in common years, but begins on the same day of the week as February in leap years.", "August always ends on the same day of the week as November." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VP (VBZ does) (RB n't) (VP (VB begin) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (VBZ begins) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP February))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP August)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBZ ends) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP November)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "This month was first called \"Sextilis\" in Latin, because it was the sixth month in the old Roman calendar.", "The Roman calendar began in March about 735 BC with Romulus.", "October was the eighth month.", "August was the eighth month when January or February were added to the start of the year by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC.", "Or, when those two months were moved from the end to the beginning of the year by the decemvirs about 450 BC (Roman writers disagree).", "In 153 BC January 1 was determined as the beginning of the year." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT This) (NN month)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBN called) (`` \") (NP (NNP Sextilis)) ('' \") (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Latin))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ sixth) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ old) (JJ Roman) (NN calendar))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (JJ Roman) (NN calendar)) (VP (VBD began) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP March))) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 735)) (NNP BC)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNP Romulus)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP October)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT the) (JJ eighth) (NN month))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ eighth) (NN month)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNP January) (CC or) (NNP February)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN added) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN start)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year))))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNP King) (NNP Numa) (NNP Pompilius))) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 700)) (NNP BC)))))))) (. .))", "(S (CC Or) (, ,) (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT those) (CD two) (NNS months)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VP (VBN moved) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN end))) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN beginning)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year)))))) (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS decemvirs)) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 450)) (NNP BC)))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (NP (JJ Roman) (NNS writers)) (VP (VBP disagree))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 153) (NNP BC))) (NP (NNP January) (CD 1)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN determined) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN beginning)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN year))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "August is named for Augustus Caesar who became Roman consul in this month.", "The month has 31 days because Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC.", "August is after July and before September." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN named) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNP Augustus) (NNP Caesar)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD became) (NP (JJ Roman) (NN consul)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT this) (NN month)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN month)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (CD 31) (NNS days)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNP Julius) (NNP Caesar)) (VP (VBD added) (NP (CD two) (NNS days)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD created) (NP (DT the) (JJ Julian) (NN calendar)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 45) (NNP BC)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (PP (IN after) (NP (NNP July))) (CC and) (PP (IN before) (NP (NNP September))))) (. .))" ]

[ "August, in either hemisphere, is the seasonal equivalent of February in the other.", "In the Northern hemisphere it is a summer month and it is a winter month in the Southern hemisphere." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP August)) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT either) (NN hemisphere))) (, ,) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ seasonal) (NN equivalent)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP February)))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ other)))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (JJ Northern) (NN hemisphere))) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN month))) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN winter) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Southern) (NN hemisphere))))) (. .))" ]

[ "No other month in common years begins on the same day of the week as August, but August begins on the same day of the week as February in leap years.", "August ends on the same day of the week as November every year, as each other's last days are 13 weeks (91 days) apart." ]

[ "(S (S (NP (NP (DT No) (JJ other) (NN month)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years)))) (VP (VBZ begins) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP August))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ begins) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP February))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ ends) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP November)) (NP (DT every) (NN year)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NP (DT each) (JJ other) (POS 's)) (JJ last) (NNS days)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (NP (NP (CD 13) (NNS weeks)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 91) (NNS days)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (RB apart)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In common years, August starts on the same day of the week as March and November of the previous year, and in leap years, June of the previous year.", "In common years, August finishes on the same day of the week as March and June of the previous year, and in leap years, September of the previous year.", "In common years immediately after other common years, August starts on the same day of the week as February of the previous year." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP March) (CC and) (NNP November)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP June)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP March) (CC and) (NNP June)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (PP (IN in) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP September)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN after) (NP (JJ other) (JJ common) (NNS years))) (, ,) (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP February)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ previous) (NN year)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In years immediately before common years, August starts on the same day of the week as May of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, October of the following year.", "In years immediately before common years, August finishes on the same day of the week as May of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, February and October of the following year." ]

[ "(S (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VBZ starts) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP May)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (NN leap) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP October)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (JJ common) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP August)) (VP (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP May)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS years)) (PP (ADVP (RB immediately)) (IN before) (NP (NP (NN leap) (NNS years)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP February) (CC and) (NNP October)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (VBG following) (NN year))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Art" ]

[ "(NP (NN Art))" ]

[ "Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or technical skill.", "It produces a product, an object.", "Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, performing artifacts, and expressing the author's imaginative mind.", "The product of art is called a work of art, for others to experience." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Art)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ creative) (NN activity)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ expresses) (NP (ADJP (JJ imaginative) (CC or) (JJ technical)) (NN skill))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ produces) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN product)) (, ,) (NP (DT an) (NN object)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Art)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ diverse) (NN range)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ human) (NNS activities)) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VP (VBG creating) (ADJP (JJ visual))) (, ,) (VP (VBG performing) (NP (NNS artifacts))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBG expressing) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN author) (POS 's)) (JJ imaginative) (NN mind)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN product)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN art)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN work)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN art)))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (NNS others)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB experience))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Some art is useful in a practical sense, such as a sculptured clay bowl that can be used.", "That kind of art is sometimes called a \"craft\"." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT Some) (NN art)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ useful)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ practical) (NN sense))) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBN sculptured) (NN clay) (NN bowl)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT That) (NN kind)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN art)))) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (DT a) (`` \") (NN craft))))) ('' \")) (. .))" ]

[ "Those who make art are called artists.", "They hope to affect the emotions of people who experience it.", "Some people find art relaxing, exciting or informative.", "Some say people are driven to make art due to their inner creativity." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT Those)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP make) (NP (NN art)))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNS artists))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP hope) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB affect) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS emotions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP experience) (NP (PRP it)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP find) (S (NP (NN art)) (ADJP (JJ relaxing) (, ,) (JJ exciting) (CC or) (JJ informative)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN driven) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NN art))))) (PP (IN due) (IN to) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ inner) (NN creativity)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "\"The arts\" is a much broader term.", "It includes drawing, painting, sculpting, photography, performance art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theatre." ]

[ "(S (`` \") (NP (DT The) (NNS arts)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB much) (JJR broader)) (NN term))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ includes) (NP (NN drawing) (, ,) (NN painting) (, ,) (NN sculpting) (, ,) (NP (NN photography)) (, ,) (NP (NN performance) (NN art)) (, ,) (NP (NN dance)) (, ,) (NP (NN music)) (, ,) (NP (NN poetry)) (, ,) (NP (NN prose)) (CC and) (NP (NN theatre)))) (. .))" ]

[ "Art is divided into the plastic arts, where something is made, and the performing arts, where something is done by humans in action.", "The other division is between pure arts, done for themselves, and practical arts, done for a practical purpose, but with artistic content." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Art)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN divided) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN plastic) (NNS arts)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NN something)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made)))))) (, ,)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (VBG performing) (NNS arts)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NN something)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN done) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS humans))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN action)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (JJ other) (NN division)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NP (JJ pure) (NNS arts)) (, ,) (VP (VBN done) (PP (IN for) (NP (PRP themselves))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (JJ practical) (NNS arts)) (, ,) (VP (VP (VBN done) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (JJ practical) (NN purpose)))) (, ,) (CC but) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ artistic) (NN content)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Some people say that art is a product or item that is made with the intention of stimulating the human senses as well as the human mind, spirit and soul.", "An artwork is normally judged by how much impact it has on people, the number of people who can relate to it, and how much they appreciate it.", "Some people also get inspired." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN product) (CC or) (NN item)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN intention)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG stimulating) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NNS senses)) (CONJP (RB as) (RB well) (IN as)) (NP (DT the) (JJ human) (NN mind) (, ,) (NN spirit) (CC and) (NN soul))))))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT An) (NN artwork)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB normally)) (VP (VBN judged) (PP (IN by) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WHADJP (WRB how) (JJ much)) (NN impact)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ has) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS people)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB relate) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP it)))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how) (JJ much)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP appreciate) (NP (PRP it))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP get) (ADJP (VBN inspired))) (. .))" ]

[ "The first and broadest sense of \"art\" means \"arrangement\" or \"to arrange.\"", "In this sense, art is created when someone arranges things found in the world into a new or different design or form; or when someone arranges colors next to each other in a painting to make an image or just to make a pretty or interesting design." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (ADJP (JJ first) (CC and) (JJS broadest)) (NN sense)) (PP (IN of) (`` \") (NP (NN art)) ('' \"))) (VP (VBZ means) (NP (`` \") (NP (NN arrangement)) ('' \") (CC or) (`` \") (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB arrange)))))) (. .) ('' \"))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN sense))) (, ,) (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN created) (SBAR (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBZ arranges) (NP (NP (NNS things)) (VP (VBN found) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world))))) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (JJ new) (CC or) (JJ different)) (NN design) (CC or) (NN form)))))) (: ;) (CC or) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBZ arranges) (NP (NNS colors)) (ADVP (ADJP (JJ next) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT each) (JJ other)))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN painting)))) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (DT an) (NN image)))) (CC or) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (JJ pretty) (CC or) (JJ interesting)) (NN design)))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Art may express emotion.", "Artists may feel a certain emotion and wish to express it by creating something that means something to them.", "Most of the art created in this case is made for the artist rather than an audience.", "However, if an audience is able to connect with the emotion as well, then the art work may become publicly successful." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Art)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB express) (NP (NN emotion)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Artists)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VP (VB feel) (NP (DT a) (JJ certain) (NN emotion))) (CC and) (VP (VBP wish) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB express) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG creating) (NP (NP (NN something)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ means) (NP (NN something)) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP them)))))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (JJS Most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN art)) (VP (VBN created) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT this) (NN case))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN artist)) (PP (CONJP (RB rather) (IN than)) (NP (DT an) (NN audience))))))) (. .))", "(S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (DT an) (NN audience)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB connect) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT the) (NN emotion))) (ADVP (RB as) (RB well))))))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (NP (DT the) (NN art) (NN work)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB become) (ADJP (RB publicly) (JJ successful)))) (. .))" ]

[ "There are sculptures, cave painting and rock art dating from the Upper Paleolithic era." ]

[ "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NP (NNS sculptures)) (, ,) (NP (NN cave) (NN painting)) (CC and) (NP (NN rock) (NN art))) (VP (VBG dating) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (ADJP (JJ Upper) (JJ Paleolithic)) (NN era)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "All of the great ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome and Persia had works and styles of art.", "In the Middle Ages, most of the art in Europe showed people from the Bible in paintings, stained glass windows, and mosaic tile floors and walls." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT All)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ great) (JJ ancient) (NNS civilizations))) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NNP Ancient) (NNP Egypt)) (, ,) (NP (NNP India)) (, ,) (NP (NNP China)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Greece)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Rome)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Persia))))) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (NNS works) (CC and) (NNS styles)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN art))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NNP Middle) (NNPS Ages))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJS most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN art))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Europe)))) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Bible)))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNS paintings)) (, ,) (NP (NML (VBN stained) (NN glass)) (NNS windows)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN mosaic) (NN tile) (NNS floors) (CC and) (NNS walls))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Islamic art includes geometric patterns, Islamic calligraphy, and architecture.", "In India and Tibet, painted sculptures, dance, and religious painting were done.", "In China, arts included jade carving, bronze, pottery, poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, and fiction.", "There are many Chinese artistic styles, which are usually named after the ruling dynasty." ]

[ "(S (NP (JJ Islamic) (NN art)) (VP (VBZ includes) (NP (NP (JJ geometric) (NNS patterns)) (, ,) (NP (JJ Islamic) (NN calligraphy)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN architecture)))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP India) (CC and) (NNP Tibet))) (, ,) (NP (NP (VBN painted) (NNS sculptures)) (, ,) (NP (NN dance)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (JJ religious) (NN painting))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN done))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP China))) (, ,) (NP (NNS arts)) (VP (VBD included) (NP (NP (NN jade) (NN carving)) (, ,) (NP (NN bronze)) (, ,) (NP (NN pottery)) (, ,) (NP (NN poetry)) (, ,) (NP (NN calligraphy)) (, ,) (NP (NN music)) (, ,) (NP (NN painting)) (, ,) (NP (NN drama)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN fiction)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ many) (JJ Chinese) (JJ artistic) (NNS styles)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VBN named) (PP (IN after) (NP (DT the) (VBG ruling) (NN dynasty))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In Europe, after the Middle Ages, there was a \"Renaissance\" which means \"rebirth\".", "People rediscovered science and artists were allowed to paint subjects other than religious subjects.", "People like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci still painted religious pictures, but they also now could paint mythological pictures too.", "These artists also invented perspective where things in the distance look smaller in the picture.", "This was new because in the Middle Ages people would paint all the figures close up and just overlapping each other.", "These artists used nudity regularly in their art." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP Europe))) (, ,) (PP (IN after) (NP (DT the) (NNP Middle) (NNPS Ages))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (`` \") (NN Renaissance) ('' \")) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ means) (`` \") (NP (NN rebirth)))))) (. \"))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (VBD rediscovered) (NP (NN science)))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS artists)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN allowed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB paint) (NP (NP (NNS subjects)) (ADJP (JJ other) (PP (IN than) (NP (JJ religious) (NNS subjects))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NNP Michelangelo)) (CC and) (NNP Leonardo) (NNP da) (NNP Vinci)))) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBD painted) (NP (JJ religious) (NNS pictures)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB also)) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB paint) (NP (JJ mythological) (NNS pictures)) (ADVP (RB too))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT These) (NNS artists)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD invented) (NP (NP (NN perspective)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NP (NNS things)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN distance)))) (VP (VBP look) (ADJP (JJR smaller)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN picture)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ new)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Middle) (NNPS Ages))) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB paint) (S (NP (PDT all) (DT the) (NNS figures)) (VP (VP (VB close) (RB up)) (CC and) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (VBG overlapping) (NP (DT each) (JJ other)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT These) (NNS artists)) (VP (VBD used) (NP (NN nudity)) (ADVP (RB regularly)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN art)))) (. .))" ]

[ "In the late 1800s, artists in Europe, responding to Modernity created many new painting styles such as Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism.", "The history of twentieth century art includes Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Minimalism." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (NNS 1800s))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS artists)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Europe)))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG responding) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Modernity))))) (VP (VBD created) (NP (NP (JJ many) (JJ new) (NN painting) (NNS styles)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NNP Classicism) (, ,) (NNP Romanticism) (, ,) (NNP Realism) (, ,) (CC and) (NNP Impressionism))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NML (JJ twentieth) (NN century)) (NN art)))) (VP (VBZ includes) (NP (NP (NNP Expressionism)) (, ,) (NNP Fauvism) (, ,) (NP (NNP Cubism)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Dadaism)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Surrealism)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNP Minimalism)))) (. .))" ]

[ "In some societies, people think that art belongs to the person who made it.", "They think that the artist put his or her \"talent\" and industry into the art.", "In this view, the art is the property of the artist, protected by copyright." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT some) (NNS societies))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ belongs) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN person)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD made) (NP (PRP it))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN artist)) (VP (VBD put) (NP (PRP$ his) (CC or) (PRP$ her) (`` \") (NN talent) ('' \") (CC and) (NN industry)) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT the) (NN art))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN view))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN art)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN property)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN artist)))) (, ,) (VP (VBN protected) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN copyright)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In other societies, people think that art belongs to no one.", "They think that society has put its social capital into the artist and the artist's work.", "In this view, society is a collective that has made the art, through the artist." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ other) (NNS societies))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ belongs) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT no) (CD one))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN society)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN put) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ social) (NN capital)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN artist)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN artist) (POS 's)) (NN work))))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN view))) (, ,) (NP (NN society)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN collective)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN made) (NP (DT the) (NN art)) (, ,) (PP (IN through) (NP (DT the) (NN artist))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The functions of art include:" ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS functions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN art)))) (VP (VBP include)) (: :))" ]

[ "1) Cognitive function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (NFP 1) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ Cognitive) (NN function)))" ]

[ "2) Aesthetic function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (LS 2) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ Aesthetic) (NN function)))" ]

[ "3) Prognostic function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (LS 3) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ Prognostic) (NN function)))" ]

[ "4) Recreation function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (LS 4) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (NN Recreation) (NN function)))" ]

[ "5) Value function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (LS 5) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (NN Value) (NN function)))" ]

[ "6) Didactic function" ]

[ "(NP (LST (LS 6) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ Didactic) (NN function)))" ]

[ "A" ]

[ "(NP (DT A))" ]

[ "A or a is the first letter of the English alphabet.", "The small letter, a or α, is used as a lower case vowel." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN A) (CC or) (FW a)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN letter)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ English) (NN alphabet))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ small) (NN letter)) (, ,) (NP (NN a) (CC or) (FW α)) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NML (JJR lower) (NN case)) (NN vowel))))) (. .))" ]

[ "When it is spoken, ā is said as a long a, a diphthong of ĕ and y.", "A is similar to alpha of the Greek alphabet.", "That is not surprising, because it stands for the same sound." ]

[ "(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN spoken))))) (, ,) (: ā) (VBZ is) (VBN said) (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ long) (FW a)) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (NN diphthong))) (IN of) (-RRB- ĕ) (CC and) (. y.))", "(S (NP (NN A)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ similar) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NN alpha)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ Greek) (NN alphabet))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT That)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ surprising)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ stands) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN sound))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "\"Alpha and omega\" (the last letter of the Greek alphabet) means from beginning to the end.", "In musical notation, the letter A is the symbol of a note in the scale, below B and above G. In binary numbers, the letter A is 01000001." ]

[ "(S (NP (`` \") (NP (NN Alpha) (CC and) (NN omega)) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ last) (NN letter)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ Greek) (NN alphabet)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ means) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (NN beginning))) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN end))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ musical) (NN notation))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN letter) (NNP A)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN symbol)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN note))) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN scale))) (, ,) (PP (PP (IN below) (NP (NN B))) (CC and) (PP (IN above) (. G.) (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ binary) (NNS numbers)))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN letter) (NNP A)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (CD 01000001))))) (. .))" ]

[ "A is the letter that was used to represent a team in an old TV show, The A-Team.", "A capital a is written \"A\".", "Use a capital a at the start of a sentence if writing." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN A)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN letter)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB represent) (NP (DT a) (NN team)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ old) (NN TV) (NN show)) (, ,) (NP (DT The) (NNP A) (HYPH -) (NNP Team))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN capital)) (FW a)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN written) (S (`` \") (NP (NNP A))))) ('' \")) (. .))", "(S (VP (VB Use) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN capital)) (NP (NN a))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN start)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN sentence))))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (VP (VBG writing))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The letter 'A' was in the Phoenician alphabet's aleph.", "This symbol came from a simple picture of an ox head." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT The) (NN letter) (`` ') (NN A) ('' ')) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Phoenician) (NN alphabet) (POS 's)) (NN aleph)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This) (NN symbol)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ simple) (NN picture)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (JJ ox) (NN head)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "This Phoenician letter helped make the basic blocks of later types of the letter.", "The Greeks later modified this letter and used it as their letter alpha.", "The Greek alphabet was used by the Etruscans in northern Italy, and the Romans later modified the Etruscan alphabet for their own language." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT This) (JJ Phoenician) (NN letter)) (VP (VBD helped) (S (VP (VB make) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ basic) (NNS blocks)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJR later) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN letter))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Greeks)) (ADVP (RB later)) (VP (VP (VBD modified) (NP (DT this) (NN letter))) (CC and) (VP (VBD used) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN as) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN letter) (JJ alpha))))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (DT The) (JJ Greek) (NN alphabet)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Etruscans))) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ northern) (NNP Italy)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NNPS Romans)) (ADVP (RB later)) (VP (VBD modified) (NP (DT the) (JJ Etruscan) (NN alphabet)) (PP (IN for) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own) (NN language))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The letter A has six different sounds.", "It can sound like æ, in the International Phonetic Alphabet, such as the word \"pad\".", "Other sounds of this letter are in the words \"father\", which developed into another sound, such as in the word \"ace\"." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT The) (NN letter) (NNP A)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (CD six) (JJ different) (NNS sounds))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VP (MD can) (VP (VB sound) (IN like) (-RRB- æ) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP International) (NNP Phonetic) (NNP Alphabet))) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (DT the) (NN word) (`` \") (NN pad))))) (. \")) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (JJ Other) (NNS sounds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT this) (NN letter)))) (VP (VBP are) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS words) (`` \") (NN father)) (, \") ('' ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD developed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT another) (NN sound)) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN word)) (`` \") (NN ace))))))))))) (. \"))) (. .))" ]

[ "In algebra, the letter \"A\" along with other letters at the beginning of the alphabet is used to represent known quantities." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN algebra))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN letter) (`` \") (NN A) ('' \")) (PP (IN along) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS letters)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN beginning)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN alphabet))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB represent) (NP (JJ known) (NNS quantities))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In geometry, capital A, B, C etc. are used to label line segments, lines, etc.", "Also, A is typically used as one of the letters to label an angle in a triangle." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN geometry))) (, ,) (NP (NN capital) (NNP A) (, ,) (NNP B) (, ,) (NNP C) (NN etc) (. .)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB label) (NP (NP (NN line) (NNS segments)) (, ,) (NNS lines) (, ,) (FW etc))))))) (. .))", "(S (ADVP (RB Also)) (, ,) (NP (NNP A)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB typically)) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS letters))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB label) (NP (DT an) (NN angle)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN triangle)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Air" ]

[ "(NP (NN Air))" ]

[ "Air refers to the Earth's atmosphere.", "Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles.", "It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe.", "It has an indefinite shape and volume.", "It has mass and weight, because it is matter.", "The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure.", "There is no air in outer space." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (VBZ refers) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Earth) (POS 's)) (NN atmosphere)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN mixture)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS gases)) (CC and) (NP (JJ tiny) (NN dust) (NNS particles)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ clear) (NN gas)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (VBG living) (NNS things)) (VP (VBP live) (CC and) (VBP breathe)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (DT an) (JJ indefinite) (NN shape) (CC and) (NN volume))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NN mass) (CC and) (NN weight)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN matter)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN weight)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN air)))) (VP (VBZ creates) (NP (JJ atmospheric) (NN pressure))) (. .))", "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT no) (NN air)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ outer) (NN space)))) (. .))" ]

[ "Air is a mixture of about 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, 0.9% of argon, 0.04% of carbon dioxide, and very small amounts of other gases.", "There is an average of about 1% water vapour." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN mixture)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 78)) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN nitrogen)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD 21) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN oxygen)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD 0.9) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN argon)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD 0.04) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN carbon) (NN dioxide)))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB very) (JJ small)) (NNS amounts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ other) (NNS gases)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN average)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NML (QP (RB about) (CD 1)) (NN %)) (NN water) (NN vapour))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Animals live and need to breathe the oxygen in the air.", "In breathing, the lungs put oxygen into the blood, and send back carbon dioxide to the air.", "Plants need the carbon dioxide in the air to live.", "They give off the oxygen that we breathe.", "Without it we die of asphyxia." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNS Animals)) (VP (VP (VBP live)) (CC and) (VP (VBP need) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB breathe) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN oxygen)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN air))))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN breathing))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs)) (VP (VP (VBP put) (NP (NN oxygen)) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT the) (NN blood)))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBP send) (ADVP (RB back)) (NP (NN carbon) (NN dioxide)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN air))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Plants)) (VP (VBP need) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN carbon) (NN dioxide)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN air)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP give) (PRT (RP off)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN oxygen)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP breathe)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN Without) (NP (PRP it))) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP die) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN asphyxia)))) (. .))" ]

[ "Wind is moving air, this is refreshing.", "This causes weather." ]

[ "(S (S (NP (NN Wind)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG moving) (NP (NN air))))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ refreshing)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ causes) (NP (NN weather))) (. .))" ]

[ "Air can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides), smoke, and ash.", "This air pollution causes various problems including smog, acid rain and global warming.", "It can damage people's health and the environment." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN polluted) (PP (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT some) (NNS gases)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NN carbon) (NN monoxide)) (, ,) (NP (NNS hydrocarbons)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN nitrogen) (NNS oxides)))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NN smoke) (, ,) (CC and) (NN ash)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT This) (NN air) (NN pollution)) (VP (VBZ causes) (NP (NP (JJ various) (NNS problems)) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NN smog)) (, ,) (NP (NN acid) (NN rain)) (CC and) (NP (JJ global) (NN warming)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB damage) (NP (NP (NP (NNS people) (POS 's)) (NN health)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN environment))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Since early times, air has been used to create technology.", "Ships moved with sails and windmills used the mechanical motion of air.", "Aircraft use propellers to move air over a wing, which allows them to fly.", "Pneumatics use air pressure to move things.", "Since the late 1900s, air power is also used to generate electricity." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN Since) (NP (JJ early) (NNS times))) (, ,) (NP (NN air)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB create) (NP (NN technology)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NNS Ships)) (VP (VBN moved) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS sails) (CC and) (NNS windmills))))) (VP (VBD used) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ mechanical) (NN motion)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN air))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Aircraft)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (NNS propellers)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB move) (NP (NN air)) (PP (PP (IN over) (NP (DT a) (NN wing))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ allows) (S (NP (PRP them)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB fly)))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Pneumatics)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (NN air) (NN pressure)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB move) (NP (NNS things)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN Since) (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (NNS 1900s))) (, ,) (NP (NN air) (NN power)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB generate) (NP (NN electricity))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Air is invisible: it cannot be seen by the eye, though a shimmering in hot air can be seen." ]

[ "(S (S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ invisible)))) (: :) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN seen) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN eye))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN though) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG shimmering)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ hot) (NN air)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN seen)))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Air is one of the four classical elements in Greek theory.", "It was considered an intervening element, somewhere between fire and water, and the driving force for the birth of the cosmos." ]

[ "(S (NP (NN Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD four) (JJ classical) (NNS elements)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ Greek) (NN theory))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN considered) (S (NP (NP (DT an) (VBG intervening) (NN element)) (, ,) (PP (ADVP (RB somewhere)) (IN between) (NP (NN fire) (CC and) (NN water))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (VBG driving) (NN force)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN birth)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS cosmos)))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Earth's atmosphere has changed much since its formation." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (NNP Earth) (POS 's)) (NN atmosphere)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN changed) (PP (ADVP (RB much)) (IN since) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN formation))))) (. .))" ]

[ "At first it was mainly a hydrogen atmosphere.", "It has changed dramatically on several occasions—for example, the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago, greatly increased oxygen in the atmosphere from practically no oxygen to levels closer to present day.", "Humans have also contributed to significant changes in atmospheric composition through air pollution, especially since industrialisation, leading to rapid environmental change such as ozone depletion and global warming." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN At) (ADVP (RB first))) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB mainly)) (NP (DT a) (NN hydrogen) (NN atmosphere))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN changed) (ADVP (RB dramatically)) (IN on) (NP (NP (JJ several) (NNS occasions)) (: —) (PP (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Great) (NNP Oxygenation) (NNP Event)) (ADVP (NP (QP (CD 2.4) (CD billion)) (NNS years)) (RB ago)))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB greatly)) (VP (VBD increased) (NP (NP (NN oxygen)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN atmosphere)))) (PP (IN from) (NP (ADJP (RB practically) (DT no)) (NN oxygen))) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNS levels)) (ADJP (JJR closer) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJ present) (NN day)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNS Humans)) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN contributed) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NP (JJ significant) (NNS changes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ atmospheric) (NN composition))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NN air) (NN pollution))) (, ,) (PP (ADVP (RB especially)) (IN since) (NP (NN industrialisation)))) (, ,) (VP (VBG leading) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (JJ rapid) (JJ environmental) (NN change)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NN ozone) (NN depletion)) (CC and) (NP (JJ global) (NN warming))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases." ]

[ "(S (NP (S (VP (VBG Outgassing) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN volcanism))))) (, ,) (VP (VBN supplemented) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS gases)) (VP (VBN produced) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ late) (JJ heavy) (NN bombardment)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Earth))) (PP (IN by) (NP (JJ huge) (NNS asteroids))))))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBD produced) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ next) (NN atmosphere)) (, ,) (VP (VBG consisting) (ADVP (RB largely)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN nitrogen)) (CC plus) (NP (NP (NN carbon) (NN dioxide)) (CC and) (NP (JJ inert) (NNS gases)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere.", "Carbon dioxide was transferred to and from large continental carbonate stores.", "Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago.", "The Great Oxygenation Event is shown by the end of the banded iron formations." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ constant) (NN re) (HYPH -) (NN arrangement)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS continents))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN plate) (NNS tectonics)))) (VP (VBZ influences) (NP (NP (DT the) (NML (JJ long) (HYPH -) (NN term)) (NN evolution)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN atmosphere))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Carbon) (NN dioxide)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN transferred) (PP (IN to) (CC and) (IN from) (NP (JJ large) (JJ continental) (NN carbonate) (NNS stores))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (JJ Free) (NN oxygen)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB exist) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN atmosphere))) (PP (IN until) (ADVP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 2.4) (CD billion)) (NNS years)) (RB ago))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Great) (NNP Oxygenation) (NNP Event)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN shown) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ banded) (NN iron) (NNS formations))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Autonomous communities of Spain" ]

[ "(NP (NP (JJ Autonomous) (NNS communities)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Spain))))" ]

[ "Spain is divided in 17 parts called autonomous communities.", "\"Autonomous\" means that each of these autonomous communities has its own executive, legislative judicial powers.", "These are similar to, but \"not\" the same as, states in the United States of America, for example." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Spain)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN divided) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (CD 17) (NNS parts)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (JJ autonomous) (NNS communities)))))))) (. .))", "(S (`` \") (NP (JJ Autonomous)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ means) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT each)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (JJ autonomous) (NNS communities)))) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ own) (JJ executive) (, ,) (JJ legislative) (JJ judicial) (NNS powers)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (ADJP (JJ similar) (PP (IN to))) (, ,) (CC but) (`` \") (RB not) ('' \") (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same)) (PP (IN as))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (NNS states)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP United) (NNPS States)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP America)))))) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Spain has fifty smaller parts called provinces.", "In 1978 these parts came together, making the autonomous communities." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Spain)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (CD fifty) (JJR smaller) (NNS parts)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNS provinces)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1978))) (NP (DT these) (NNS parts)) (VP (VBD came) (ADVP (RB together)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG making) (NP (DT the) (JJ autonomous) (NNS communities))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Before then, some of these provinces were together but were broken.", "The groups that were together once before are called \"historic communities\": Catalonia, Basque Country, Galicia and Andalusia." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN Before) (ADVP (RB then))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS provinces)))) (VP (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB together))) (CC but) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN broken)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS groups)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (RB together)) (ADVP (RB once) (RB before)))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (JJ historic) (NNS communities)) ('' \")) (: :) (NP (NP (NNP Catalonia)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Basque) (NNP Country)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Galicia)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Andalusia))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The Spanish language is the sole official language in every autonomous community but six, where Spanish is co-official with other languages, as follows:" ]

[ "(S (NP (DT The) (JJ Spanish) (NN language)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ sole) (JJ official) (NN language)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT every) (JJ autonomous) (NN community)) (CC but) (NP (NP (CD six)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNP Spanish)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB co) (HYPH -) (JJ official) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ other) (NNS languages))))))))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (VP (VBZ follows))))) (: :))" ]

[ "List of the autonomous communities, with their Capital city (the place where the government has its offices):" ]

[ "(NP (NP (NN List)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ autonomous) (NNS communities))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNP Capital) (NN city)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN place)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN government)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS offices)))))))) (: -RRB-:))" ]

[ "Spain also has two cities on the north coast of Africa: Ceuta and Melilla.", "They are called \"autonomous cities\" and have simultaneously the majority of the power of an autonomous community and also power of provinces and power of municipalities." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Spain)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (NP (CD two) (NNS cities)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ north) (NN coast)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Africa)))))) (: :) (NP (NNP Ceuta) (CC and) (NNP Melilla)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (JJ autonomous) (NNS cities)) ('' \")))) (CC and) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB simultaneously)) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN majority)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (JJ autonomous) (NN community)))))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB also)) (NP (NP (NP (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS provinces)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS municipalities)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Alan Turing" ]

[ "(NP (NNP Alan) (NNP Turing))" ]

[ "Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (London, 23 June 1912 – Wilmslow, Cheshire, 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician and computer scientist.", "He was born in Maida Vale, London." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (NP (NNP Alan) (NNP Mathison) (NNP Turing)) (NP (NNP OBE) (NNP FRS))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP London)) (, ,) (NP (CD 23) (NNP June) (CD 1912)) (: –) (NP (NP (NNP Wilmslow)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Cheshire)) (, ,) (NP (CD 7) (NNP June) (CD 1954)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT an) (JJ English) (NML (NML (NN mathematician)) (CC and) (NML (NN computer) (NN scientist))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Maida) (NNP Vale)) (, ,) (NP (NNP London)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Alan Turing was born in Maida Vale, London on 23 June 1912.", "His father was part of a family of merchants from Scotland.", "His mother, Ethel Sara, was the daughter of an engineer." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Alan) (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Maida) (NNP Vale)) (, ,) (NP (NNP London)))) (PP (IN on) (NP (CD 23) (NNP June) (CD 1912))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ His) (NN father)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN family)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS merchants)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Scotland))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (PRP$ His) (NN mother)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Ethel) (NNP Sara)) (, ,)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN daughter)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (NN engineer))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Turing went to St. Michael's, a school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-sea, when he was five years old." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD went) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNP St.) (NNP Michael) (POS 's)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN school)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (CD 20) (NNP Charles) (NNP Road)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP St) (NNP Leonards)) (HYPH -) (PP (IN on) (HYPH -) (NP (NN sea))))))) (, ,))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (NP (CD five) (NNS years)) (JJ old)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "\"This is only a foretaste of what is to come, and only the shadow of what is going to be.”", "– Alan Turing." ]

[ "(S (`` \") (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (RB only) (DT a) (NN foretaste)) (PP (IN of) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB come))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (RB only) (DT the) (NN shadow)) (PP (IN of) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG going) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be)))))))))))) (. .) ('' ”))", "(NP (: –) (NNP Alan) (NNP Turing) (. .))" ]

[ "The Stoney family were once prominent landlords, here in North Tipperary.", "His mother Ethel Sara Stoney (1881–1976) was daughter of Edward Waller Stoney (Borrisokane, North Tipperary) and Sarah Crawford (Cartron Abbey, Co. Longford); Protestant Anglo-Irish gentry." ]

[ "(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Stoney) (NN family)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB once)) (NP (JJ prominent) (NNS landlords)) (, ,) (ADVP (RB here) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP North) (NNP Tipperary))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (NP (PRP$ His) (NN mother)) (NNP Ethel) (NNP Sara) (NNP Stoney)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 1881–1976)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NP (NN daughter)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Edward) (NNP Waller) (NNP Stoney)) (NP (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP Borrisokane)) (, ,) (NP (NNP North) (NNP Tipperary))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNP Sarah) (NNP Crawford)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP Cartron) (NNP Abbey)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Co.) (NNP Longford))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (: ;) (NP (JJ Protestant) (ADJP (JJ Anglo) (HYPH -) (JJ Irish)) (NN gentry)))) (. .))" ]

[ "Educated in Dublin at Alexandra School and College; on October 1st 1907 she married Julius Mathison Turing, latter son of Reverend John Robert Turing and Fanny Boyd, in Dublin.", "Born on June 23rd 1912, Alan Turing would go on to be regarded as one of the greatest figures of the twentieth century." ]

[ "(S (S (VP (VBN Educated) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Dublin))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NNP Alexandra) (NNP School) (CC and) (NNP College))))) (: ;) (S (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP October) (NNP 1st) (CD 1907))) (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBD married) (NP (NP (NNP Julius) (NNP Mathison) (NNP Turing)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (JJ latter) (NN son)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Reverend) (NNP John) (NNP Robert) (NNP Turing)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Fanny) (NNP Boyd))))) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Dublin))))))) (. .))", "(S (S (VP (VBN Born) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP June) (NNP 23rd) (CD 1912))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Alan) (NNP Turing)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB go) (PRT (RP on)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN regarded) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS greatest) (NNS figures)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ twentieth) (NN century))))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "A brilliant mathematician and cryptographer Alan was to become the founder of modern-day computer science and artificial intelligence; designing a machine at Bletchley Park to break secret Enigma encrypted messages used by the Nazi German war machine to protect sensitive commercial, diplomatic and military communications during World War 2.", "Thus, Turing made the single biggest contribution to the Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany, possibly saving the lives of an estimated 2 million people, through his effort in shortening World War II." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ brilliant) (NN mathematician) (CC and) (NN cryptographer)) (NNP Alan)) (VP (VBD was) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB become) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN founder)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NML (JJ modern) (HYPH -) (NN day)) (NN computer) (NN science)) (CC and) (NP (JJ artificial) (NN intelligence)))))))) (: ;) (S (VP (VBG designing) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN machine)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NNP Bletchley) (NNP Park)))) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB break) (NP (NP (JJ secret) (NNP Enigma) (JJ encrypted) (NNS messages)) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (JJ Nazi) (JJ German) (NN war) (NN machine))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB protect) (NP (JJ sensitive) (ADJP (JJ commercial) (, ,) (JJ diplomatic) (CC and) (JJ military)) (NNS communications)) (PP (IN during) (NP (NNP World) (NNP War) (CD 2)))))))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (ADVP (RB Thus)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD made) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ single) (JJS biggest) (NN contribution)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Allied) (NN victory)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN war)) (PP (IN against) (NP (NNP Nazi) (NNP Germany)))))))) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB possibly)) (VP (VBG saving) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS lives)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (VBN estimated) (QP (CD 2) (CD million)) (NNS people)))))) (, ,) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (PRP$ his) (NN effort)) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG shortening) (NP (NNP World) (NNP War) (NNP II)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In 2013, almost 60 years later, Turing received a posthumous Royal Pardon from Queen Elizabeth II.", "Today, the “Turing law” grants an automatic pardon to men who died before the law came into force, making it possible for living convicted gay men to seek pardons for offences now no longer on the statute book." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (, 2013)) (, ,) (ADVP (NP (QP (RB almost) (CD 60)) (NNS years)) (RB later)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD received) (NP (DT a) (JJ posthumous) (NNP Royal) (NNP Pardon)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Queen) (NNP Elizabeth) (CD II)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NN Today)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (`` “) (JJ Turing) (NN law) ('' ”)) (VP (VBZ grants) (NP (DT an) (JJ automatic) (NN pardon)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNS men)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD died) (SBAR (IN before) (S (NP (DT the) (NN law)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN force))))))))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG making) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (ADJP (JJ possible)) (SBAR (IN for) (S (S (VP (VBG living) (VBN convicted) (JJ gay) (NNS men))) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NNS pardons)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS offences)) (ADVP (ADVP (RB now) (RB no) (RB longer)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN statute) (NN book)))))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Alas, Turing accidentally or otherwise lost his life in 1954, having been subjected by a British court to chemical castration, thus avoiding a custodial sentence.", "He is known to have ended his life at the age of 41 years, by eating an apple laced with cyanide." ]

[ "(S (ADVP (RB Alas)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (ADVP (RB accidentally) (CC or) (RB otherwise)) (VP (VBD lost) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN life)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1954))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG having) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VP (VBN subjected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT a) (JJ British) (NN court))) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN chemical) (NN castration)))) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB thus)) (VP (VBG avoiding) (NP (DT a) (JJ custodial) (NN sentence))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN known) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN ended) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN life)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN age)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD 41) (NNS years))))) (, ,) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG eating) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN apple)) (VP (VBN laced) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN cyanide)))))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Turing was one of the people who worked on the first computers.", "He created the theoretical Turing machine in 1936.", "The machine was imaginary, but it included the idea of a computer program." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD worked) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NNS computers)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD created) (NP (DT the) (JJ theoretical) (NNP Turing) (NN machine)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1936)))) (. .))", "(S (S (NP (DT The) (NN machine)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ imaginary)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD included) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN idea)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN computer) (NN program)))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Turing was interested in artificial intelligence.", "He proposed the Turing test, to say when a machine could be called \"intelligent\".", "A computer could be said to \"think\" if a human talking with it could not tell it was a machine." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ interested) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ artificial) (NN intelligence))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VP (VBD proposed) (NP (DT the) (NNP Turing) (NN test)) (, ,) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB say) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT a) (NN machine)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (ADJP (JJ intelligent)))))))))))) ('' \")) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT A) (NN computer)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN said) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (`` \") (VP (VB think)) ('' \")))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN human)) (VP (VBG talking) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP it))))) (VP (MD could) (RB not) (VP (VB tell) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (NN machine)))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "During World War II, Turing worked with others to break German ciphers (secret messages).", "He worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre that produced Ultra intelligence." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN During) (NP (NNP World) (NNP War) (NNP II))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD worked) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS others))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB break) (NP (NP (JJ German) (NNS ciphers)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ secret) (NNS messages)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD worked) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NML (NNP Government) (NNP Code) (CC and) (NNP Cypher)) (NNP School)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP GC&CS)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NNP Bletchley) (NNP Park)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Britain) (POS 's)) (VBG codebreaking) (NN centre)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD produced) (NP (NNP Ultra) (NN intelligence))))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Using cryptanalysis, he helped to break the codes of the Enigma machine.", "After that, he worked on other German codes." ]

[ "(S (S (VP (VBG Using) (NP (NN cryptanalysis)))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD helped) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB break) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS codes)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Enigma) (NN machine)))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN After) (NP (DT that))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD worked) (PP (IN on) (NP (JJ other) (JJ German) (NNS codes)))) (. .))" ]

[ "From 1945 to 1947, Turing worked on the design of the ACE (Automatic Computing Engine) at the National Physical Laboratory.", "He presented a paper on 19 February 1946.", "That paper was \"the first detailed design of a stored-program computer\".", "Although it was possible to build ACE, there were delays in starting the project.", "In late 1947 he returned to Cambridge for a sabbatical year.", "While he was at Cambridge, the Pilot ACE was built without him.", "It ran its first program on 10 May 1950." ]

[ "(S (PP (PP (IN From) (NP (CD 1945))) (PP (IN to) (NP (CD 1947)))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD worked) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN design)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP ACE)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NML (NNP Automatic) (NNP Computing)) (NNP Engine)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT the) (NNP National) (NNP Physical) (NNP Laboratory)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD presented) (NP (DT a) (NN paper)) (PP (IN on) (NP (CD 19) (NNP February) (CD 1946)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT That) (NN paper)) (VP (VBD was) (`` \") (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (VBN detailed) (NN design)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NML (VBN stored) (HYPH -) (NN program)) (NN computer))))) (. \") (. .))", "(S (SBAR (IN Although) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ possible)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB build) (NP (NNP ACE)))))))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NNS delays)) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG starting) (NP (DT the) (NN project))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ late) (CD 1947))) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD returned) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Cambridge))) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (JJ sabbatical) (NN year)))) (. .))", "(S (SBAR (IN While) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN at) (NP (NNP Cambridge)))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNP Pilot) (NNP ACE)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN built) (PP (IN without) (NP (PRP him))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD ran) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ first) (NN program)) (PP (IN on) (NP (CD 10) (NNP May) (CD 1950)))) (. .))" ]

[ "Turing was a homosexual man.", "In 1952, he admitted having had sex with a man in England.", "At that time, homosexual acts were illegal.", "Turing was convicted.", "He had to choose between going to jail and taking hormones to lower his sex drive.", "He decided to take the hormones.", "After his punishment, he became impotent.", "He also grew breasts." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (JJ homosexual) (NN man))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1952))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD admitted) (S (VP (VBG having) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NN sex)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN man))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP England))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN At) (NP (DT that) (NN time))) (, ,) (NP (JJ homosexual) (NNS acts)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ illegal))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN convicted))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD had) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB choose) (PP (IN between) (S (VP (S (VP (VBG going) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN jail))))) (CC and) (VP (VBG taking) (NP (NNS hormones)))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB lower) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN sex) (NN drive))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD decided) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB take) (NP (DT the) (NNS hormones)))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN After) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN punishment))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD became) (ADJP (JJ impotent))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD grew) (NP (NNS breasts))) (. .))" ]

[ "In May 2012, a private member's bill was put before the House of Lords to grant Turing a statutory pardon.", "In July 2013, the government supported it.", "A royal pardon was granted on 24 December 2013." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP May) (CD 2012))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ private) (NN member) (POS 's)) (NN bill)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN put) (PP (IN before) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP House)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNPS Lords))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grant) (NP (NNP Turing)) (NP (DT a) (JJ statutory) (NN pardon))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP July) (CD 2013))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN government)) (VP (VBD supported) (NP (PRP it))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT A) (JJ royal) (NN pardon)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN granted) (PP (IN on) (NP (CD 24) (NNP December) (CD 2013))))) (. .))" ]

[ "In 1954, Turing died from cyanide poisoning.", "The cyanide came from either an apple which was poisoned with cyanide, or from water that had cyanide in it.", "The reason for the confusion is that the police never tested the apple for cyanide.", "It is also suspected that he committed suicide." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1954))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Turing)) (VP (VBD died) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN cyanide) (NN poisoning)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN cyanide)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (PP (IN from) (DT either) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN apple)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN poisoned) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN cyanide))))))))) (, ,) (CC or) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN water)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD had) (NP (NN cyanide)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP it)))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN reason)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN confusion)))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN police)) (ADVP (RB never)) (VP (VBD tested) (NP (DT the) (NN apple)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN cyanide))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN suspected) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD committed) (NP (NN suicide))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "The treatment forced on him is now believed to be very wrong.", "It is against medical ethics and international laws of human rights.", "In August 2009, a petition asking the British Government to apologise to Turing for punishing him for being a homosexual was started.", "The petition received thousands of signatures.", "Prime Minister Gordon Brown acknowledged the petition.", "He called Turing's treatment \"appalling\"." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN treatment)) (VP (VBN forced) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP him))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB now)) (VP (VBN believed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ wrong))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN against) (NP (NP (JJ medical) (NNS ethics)) (CC and) (NP (NP (JJ international) (NNS laws)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ human) (NNS rights))))))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP August) (CD 2009))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN petition)) (VP (VBG asking) (NP (DT the) (NNP British) (NNP Government)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB apologise) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Turing))) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG punishing) (NP (PRP him)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG being) (NP (DT a) (JJ homosexual))))))))))))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN started))) (. .))", "(S (NP (DT The) (NN petition)) (VP (VBD received) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS signatures))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NML (NNP Prime) (NNP Minister)) (NNP Gordon) (NNP Brown)) (VP (VBD acknowledged) (NP (DT the) (NN petition))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD called) (NP (NP (NNP Turing) (POS 's)) (NN treatment)) (S (`` \") (ADJP (JJ appalling)))) (. \") (. .))" ]

[ "Alanis Morissette" ]

[ "(NP (NNP Alanis) (NNP Morissette))" ]

[ "Alanis Nadine Morissette (born 1 June 1974) is a Grammy Award-winning Canadian-American singer and songwriter.", "She was born in Ottawa, Canada.", "She began singing in Canada as a teenager in 1990.", "In 1995, she became popular all over the world." ]

[ "(S (NP (NP (NNP Alanis) (NNP Nadine) (NNP Morissette)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (VP (VBN born) (NP (CD 1) (NNP June) (CD 1974))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (NP (NNP Grammy) (NN Award)) (HYPH -) (VBN winning)) (JJ Canadian) (HYPH -) (JJ American) (NN singer) (CC and) (NN songwriter))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP She)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Ottawa)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Canada)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP She)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (VBG singing) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Canada))) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NN teenager))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1990)))) (. .))", "(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1995))) (, ,) (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBD became) (ADJP (JJ popular)) (PP (ADVP (DT all)) (IN over) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))) (. .))" ]

[ "As a young child in Canada, Morissette began to act on television, including 5 episodes of the long-running series, \"You Can't Do That on Television\".", "Her first album was released only in Canada in 1990." ]

[ "(S (PP (IN As) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ young) (NN child)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Canada))))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB act) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NN television)) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (CD 5) (NNS episodes)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RB long) (HYPH -) (VBG running)) (NN series)) (, ,) (`` \") (S (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD Ca) (RB n't) (VP (VB Do) (NP (NNP That)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Television)))))))))))))))) (. \")) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ Her) (JJ first) (NN album)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN released) (PP (ADVP (RB only)) (IN in) (NP (NNP Canada))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1990))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Her first international album was \"Jagged Little Pill\", released in 1995.", "It was a rock-influenced album.", "\"Jagged\" has sold more than 33 million units globally.", "It became the best-selling debut album in music history.", "Her next album, \"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie\", was released in 1998.", "It was a success as well.", "Morissette took up producing duties for her next albums, which include \"Under Rug Swept\", \"So-Called Chaos\" and \"Flavors of Entanglement\".", "Morissette has sold more than 60 million albums worldwide." ]

[ "(S (NP (PRP$ Her) (JJ first) (JJ international) (NN album)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (`` \") (NP (NNP Jagged) (NNP Little) (NNP Pill)) (, \") ('' ,) (VP (VBN released) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1995)))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (NN rock) (HYPH -) (VBN influenced)) (NN album))) (. .))", "(S (`` \") (NP (NNP Jagged)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN sold) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD 33) (CD million)) (NNS units)) (ADVP (RB globally)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD became) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS best) (HYPH -) (VBG selling)) (JJ debut) (NN album)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN music) (NN history))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NP (PRP$ Her) (JJ next) (NN album)) (, ,) (`` \") (NP (NNP Supposed) (NNP Former) (NNP Infatuation) (NNP Junkie)) (, \") (, ,)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN released) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1998))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (NN success)) (ADVP (RB as) (RB well))) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VP (VBD took) (PRT (RP up)) (S (VP (VBG producing) (NP (NP (NNS duties)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (PRP$ her) (JJ next) (NNS albums)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP include) (NP (`` \") (NP (IN Under) (NNP Rug) (NNP Swept)) (, \") (, ,) (`` \") (NP (ADJP (RB So) (HYPH -) (VBN Called)) (NNP Chaos)) ('' \") (CC and) (`` \") (NP (NP (NNS Flavors)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Entanglement)))))))))))))) (. \")) (. .))", "(S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN sold) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD 60) (CD million)) (NNS albums)) (ADVP (RB worldwide)))) (. .))" ]

[ "She also acted in several movies, including Kevin Smith's \"Dogma\", where she played God." ]

[ "(S (NP (PRP She)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD acted) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ several) (NNS movies)) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NNP Kevin) (NNP Smith) (POS 's)) (`` \") (NML (NNP Dogma)) (, \") (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBD played) (NP (NNP God)))))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Alanis Morissette was born in Riverside Hospital of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario.", "Her father is French-Canadian.", "Her mother is from Hungary.", "She has an older brother, Chad, and a twin brother, Wade, who is 12 minutes younger than she is.", "Her parents had worked as teachers at a military base in Lahr, Germany." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Alanis) (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN born) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Riverside) (NNP Hospital)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Ottawa))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Ottawa)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Ontario)))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ Her) (NN father)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (JJ French) (HYPH -) (JJ Canadian))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ Her) (NN mother)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Hungary)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP She)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (NP (DT an) (JJR older) (NN brother)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Chad)) (, ,)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ twin) (NN brother)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Wade))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (NP (CD 12) (NNS minutes)) (JJR younger)) (SBAR (IN than) (S (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBZ is))))))))))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP$ Her) (NNS parents)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN worked) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS teachers))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ military) (NN base)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP Lahr)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Germany)))))))) (. .))" ]

[ "Morissette became an American citizen in 2005.", "She is still Canadian citizen." ]

[ "(S (NP (NNP Morissette)) (VP (VBD became) (NP (DT an) (JJ American) (NN citizen)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 2005)))) (. .))", "(S (NP (PRP She)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB still)) (NP (JJ Canadian) (NN citizen))) (. .))" ]