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Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'The following structures that can coexist in the same type of rocks are:', 'Null', 'Wave marks, mud cracks, parallel bedding', 'C', 'Plate-shaped, gneiss-shaped, pillow-shaped', 'Stomatal, almond-shaped, thousand-piece'}) and 7 missing columns ({'hotspots', 'B', 'plate tectonics', "The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as", 'the Richter Magnitude Scale', 'the subduction zone', 'the Coriolis effect'}). This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using hf://datasets/itpossible/GeoTask/factual_task_npeeSub.csv (at revision 8cb2106dc885efa15fd92109a22eb3530d6fb126) Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations) Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1870, in _prepare_split_single writer.write_table(table) File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 622, in write_table pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema) File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2292, in table_cast return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema) File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2240, in cast_table_to_schema raise CastError( datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast The following structures that can coexist in the same type of rocks are:: string Stomatal, almond-shaped, thousand-piece: string Plate-shaped, gneiss-shaped, pillow-shaped: string Wave marks, mud cracks, parallel bedding: string Null: string C: string -- schema metadata -- pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 1257 to {"The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as": Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'the Coriolis effect': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'plate tectonics': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'hotspots': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'the Richter Magnitude Scale': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'the subduction zone': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'B': Value(dtype='string', id=None)} because column names don't match During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1417, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder) File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1049, in convert_to_parquet builder.download_and_prepare( File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 924, in download_and_prepare self._download_and_prepare( File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1000, in _download_and_prepare self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs) File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1741, in _prepare_split for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single( File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1872, in _prepare_split_single raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error( datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'The following structures that can coexist in the same type of rocks are:', 'Null', 'Wave marks, mud cracks, parallel bedding', 'C', 'Plate-shaped, gneiss-shaped, pillow-shaped', 'Stomatal, almond-shaped, thousand-piece'}) and 7 missing columns ({'hotspots', 'B', 'plate tectonics', "The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as", 'the Richter Magnitude Scale', 'the subduction zone', 'the Coriolis effect'}). This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using hf://datasets/itpossible/GeoTask/factual_task_npeeSub.csv (at revision 8cb2106dc885efa15fd92109a22eb3530d6fb126) Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
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The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as
string | the Coriolis effect
string | plate tectonics
string | hotspots
string | the Richter Magnitude Scale
string | the subduction zone
string | B
string |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A long, narrow, upper atmosphere current of fast moving air is known as a
|
jet stream
|
thermophile
|
contrail
|
gust of wind
|
typhoon
|
A
|
Archaeologists record the top layers first, followed by older, deeper layers to study ancient settlements and cities following the
|
principle of original horizontality
|
principle of uniformitarianism
|
principle of superposition
|
principle of uniformity
|
principle of lateral continuity
|
C
|
Gravitational forces within the Earth, as well as heat and radioactive element recycling in the molten core, take place through
|
subduction
|
deflection
|
transformation
|
convection
|
divergent boundaries
|
D
|
Which two gases make up the majority of the Earth's gases?
|
Oxygen and methane
|
Oxygen and propane
|
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
|
Benzene and nitrogen
|
Nitrogen and oxygen
|
E
|
Because he figured out that sedimentary rock must have been compacted and compressed, over many ages, _______ is known as the father of modern geology.
|
Richard Palmer
|
James Hutton
|
W
|
Nicholas Steno
|
Aubrey Hough
|
B
|
An ocean trench is formed along the
|
transform fault boundary of two colliding plates
|
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
|
distant edge boundary of two colliding plates
|
divergent boundary of two colliding plates
|
convergent boundary of two colliding plates
|
E
|
Which of the following is the highest layer of the atmosphere?
|
Stratosphere
|
Thermosphere
|
Ozone
|
Troposphere
|
Mesosphere
|
B
|
Water-layered sediments that thin to nothing at a shore or the area where first deposited are the subject of the
|
principle of uniformity
|
principle of original horizontality
|
second law of thermodynamics
|
principle of superposition
|
principle of lateral continuity
|
E
|
Any solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as
|
sediment
|
ash
|
a biofuel
|
granite
|
cinders
|
A
|
The principle of uniformitarianism includes the idea that
|
continental shifting and compression are possible across different regions
|
energy can neither be created nor destroyed
|
volcanoes can erupt even when quiet for 200 years
|
population growth is slow and the birth rate drops to around the death rate
|
primary consumers (i.e., herbivores) consume plants and algae
|
A
|
A volcano with little erosion and that may erupt at any time is classified as
|
active
|
dormant
|
high risk
|
sedimentary
|
extinct
|
B
|
Primary waves, which bunch together and then move apart like an inchworm, are
|
the slowest seismic waves
|
the fastest seismic waves
|
known as Rayleigh waves
|
a type of surface wave
|
the only wave to move through air
|
B
|
Large temperature differences and strong pressure differences between warm and cold air cause the formation of the
|
precipitation
|
auroras
|
jet stream
|
clouds
|
fossilization
|
C
|
A huge layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting upper mantle layer is a
|
caldera
|
hotspot
|
geological plate
|
tropical oasis
|
transform fault
|
C
|
When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., most people were killed by
|
lava
|
pyroclastic flow
|
volcanic rock
|
poisonous volcanic gases
|
the hysterical crowd running toward the sea
|
D
|
A large earthquake occurs, on average, somewhere in the world each year of greater than
|
1.5 magnitude
|
2.0 magnitude
|
4.0 magnitude
|
5.2 magnitude
|
8.0 magnitude
|
E
|
A sudden change in the wind's direction or speed with increasing altitude is called
|
wind stop
|
wind chill
|
troposphere
|
wind shear
|
ionosphere
|
D
|
The northern and southern lights are found in the
|
mesosphere
|
tropopause
|
stratosphere
|
troposphere
|
thermosphere
|
E
|
Where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle, it is called a
|
hotspot
|
pressure zone
|
surface trace
|
subduction zone
|
sedimentary layer
|
D
|
Relationships between earth layers and soil samples are described by
|
tectonic time measurements
|
Jurassic time measurements
|
chronostatic time measurements
|
continental drift
|
subjective time measurements
|
C
|
The relationship between air temperature and the amount of water vapor it contains is known as
|
relative humidity
|
indistinct humidity
|
point source humidity
|
aridity
|
wind shear
|
A
|
The location directly above an earthquake's hypocenter on the earth's surface is the
|
epicenter
|
trench
|
hypercenter
|
surface trace
|
ridge
|
A
|
Love waves are a type of
|
primary seismic wave
|
surface wave
|
pyroclastic flow
|
folded rock
|
lapilli
|
B
|
Vibrations in the Earth caused by cracks or shifts in the underlying rock are called
|
caldera
|
sedimentation
|
igneous activity
|
faults
|
seismic waves
|
E
|
The following are all time units of the geological time scale except
|
eons
|
eras
|
ages
|
periods
|
epochs
|
C
|
The thermosphere is also called the
|
mesosphere
|
troposphere
|
ionosphere
|
lower latitude layer
|
El Niño effect
|
C
|
The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth's
|
gravitation
|
temperature
|
rotation
|
plant life
|
curvature
|
C
|
An isobar is a
|
measure of temperature
|
line connecting areas of increasing atmospheric pressure
|
measure of depth
|
line connecting areas of the same atmospheric pressure
|
topographical symbol
|
D
|
Using the table below asdf, if the wind is blowing 30 km/h and the outside temperature is 15°C, what is the wind chill factor in degrees Celsius?
|
8°C
|
10°C
|
12°C
|
14°C
|
15°C
|
C
|
Groundwater is stored in
|
porous rocks
|
snow
|
glaciers
|
aquifers
|
all of the above
|
E
|
The layer closest to the surface, where spaces between soil particles are filled with both air and water, is called the zone of
|
aeration
|
hydration
|
precipitation
|
consolidation
|
acclimation
|
A
|
Infiltration takes place when
|
streams overflow their banks
|
plants use water during photosynthesis
|
deserts get drier and drier
|
rainfall soaks into the ground
|
snow melts
|
D
|
When water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, the process is called
|
aeration
|
conservation
|
precipitation
|
withdrawal
|
evaporation
|
E
|
A tropical depression is the first phase in the formation of a
|
tornado
|
cloud
|
hurricane
|
jet stream
|
temperature inversion
|
C
|
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the surface of the Earth is called
|
microbiology
|
ecology
|
hydrology
|
botany
|
aquaculture
|
C
|
The oceans hold approximately what percent of the Earth's water?
|
45%
|
62%
|
75%
|
80%
|
97%
|
E
|
Aquifers that form a water table separating unsaturated and saturated zones are called
|
unconfined aquifers
|
confined aquifers
|
lakes
|
closed aquifers
|
saturated aquifers
|
A
|
The water found in subterranean spaces, cracks, and open pore spaces of minerals is called
|
watershed
|
groundwater
|
snow melt
|
runoff
|
evapotranspiration
|
B
|
Rainfall or snow melt that has not had time to evaporate, transpire, or move into groundwater is known as
|
transpiration
|
an aquifer
|
consumption
|
runoff
|
conservation
|
D
|
When moving through the eye wall of a hurricane and into the eye, surface pressure
|
increases
|
decreases
|
stays the same
|
is at its highest
|
is only rarely low
|
B
|
The area at the surface or below ground that supplies water to an aquifer and/or most of the watershed or drainage basin is called
|
an aquifer
|
an unconsolidated aquifer
|
a drainage zone
|
an aquifer recharge zone
|
a surface discharge
|
D
|
The amount of open space in the soil is called
|
crystal structure
|
sedimentation
|
soil porosity
|
granite
|
soil salinity
|
C
|
Under surface soil, where all the open spaces have become filled with water, lies the zone of
|
sedimentation
|
saturation
|
equalization
|
salination
|
diffusion
|
B
|
Pesticide and fertilizer use on crops affects water purity when
|
evaporation is increased by heat
|
it is used sparingly
|
there is too little rainfall
|
it is used in proper amounts
|
runoff joins with surface and/or groundwater
|
E
|
The depletion of water from aquifers faster than they can naturally be refilled is called
|
aquifer saturation
|
groundwater mining
|
flooding
|
runoff
|
the water table
|
B
|
The amount of withdrawn water lost in transport, evaporation, absorption, chemical change, or is otherwise unavailable as a result of human use is known as
|
withdrawal
|
conservation
|
consumption
|
discharge
|
runoff
|
C
|
When water is blocked by a low-permeability material below the aquifer, it is known as
|
an unconfined aquifer
|
a perched water table
|
a watershed
|
a zone of aeration
|
a diverted stream
|
B
|
Lithification, comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning
|
stone
|
light
|
paper
|
seawater
|
white
|
A
|
Diagenesis causes
|
a red rash on the elbow
|
miscalculations of circular core samples
|
photosynthesis in most upper ocean layers
|
lithification of sediment by physical and chemical processes
|
drought in some areas
|
D
|
Which of the following is a common metamorphic rock type?
|
Subjugate rock
|
Slate
|
Vermiculite
|
Slant
|
Magma
|
B
|
Metamorphic rock is known as a
|
hard purple-colored rock
|
surface-only rock
|
chameleon of rock types
|
good building material
|
brittle rock type
|
C
|
When several rock-stratigraphic units are stacked vertically, they are called a
|
metamorphic shelf
|
gneiss
|
lithification
|
vertical unit
|
formation
|
E
|
When rock on the Earth's surface is worn away, it is called
|
foliation
|
metamorphism
|
exfoliation
|
sedimentation
|
coloration
|
C
|
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of
|
pieces of other rocks
|
gelatin from kelp
|
the hardest granites
|
boulders larger than 1 meter across
|
petroleum distillates
|
A
|
Which of the following plays a big part in soil erosion?
|
Fertilizer
|
Conservation
|
Tillage
|
Plant type
|
Rainfall
|
C
|
Which process wears away existing rocks and produces lots of small rock?
|
Lithification
|
Sedimentation
|
Compaction
|
Weathering
|
Concretion
|
D
|
The following are all tools in soil conservation except for
|
cover crops
|
deforestation
|
planting of perennial plants
|
adding mulch
|
crop rotation
|
B
|
Which metamorphic rock is often used as a paving and building stone?
|
Mica
|
Marble
|
Shale
|
Sandstone
|
Obsidian
|
B
|
Felsic and mafic are two types of
|
metamorphic rock
|
clastic formations
|
sedimentary rock
|
igneous rock
|
multicolored clays
|
D
|
What percentage of the world's land is at risk of desertification?
|
10%
|
20%
|
30%
|
40%
|
50%
|
C
|
Pebbles surrounded by a covering of sand or mud is known as
|
a conglomerate
|
shale
|
granite
|
magma
|
igneous clay
|
A
|
The description of an area's land contours and surface features is called
|
geography
|
cartography
|
graphology
|
topography
|
photography
|
D
|
Pedocal, pedalfer, and laterite are three basic soil types based primarily on
|
elevation
|
soil type
|
water content
|
mineral base
|
climate
|
C
|
Which soil horizon consists of a zone of accumulation, where ions transported by rainwater are reconnected to create new minerals?
|
Horizon A
|
Horizon B
|
Horizon C
|
Ions are not transported this way
|
Mineralization occurs only in the topsoil
|
B
|
A complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by interacting energy and nutrient flows is called a(n)
|
atmosphere
|
ecosystem
|
niche
|
suburb
|
species
|
B
|
The world's oceans make up what percent of the planet's biosphere?
|
27%
|
44%
|
62%
|
75%
|
99%
|
E
|
Which diverse ecosystem absorbs high flow and releases water slowly?
|
High plains
|
Wetlands
|
Arctic
|
Rocky Mountains
|
Old-growth forest
|
B
|
Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, the Philippines, Sundaland, the Atlantic Forest, and the Caribbean are all considered
|
hotspots
|
expensive vacation spots
|
sustainable use areas
|
arid regions
|
mountainous
|
A
|
Aircraft, high-altitude balloons, and satellites are all used in
|
birthday parties
|
field testing
|
remote sensing
|
acrobatic air shows
|
high school science labs
|
C
|
The vertical range that contains the biosphere is roughly
|
1,000 meters high
|
5,000 meters high
|
10,000 meters high
|
20,000 meters high
|
40,000 meters high
|
D
|
When a species like the dodo bird becomes extinct, it is said to be
|
in remission
|
hibernating for the winter
|
not important to the ecosystem
|
gone for 10 years and then returns
|
gone forever
|
E
|
The total area in which a plant, animal, insect, or other organism travels in its lifetime determines its
|
life span
|
range
|
personality type
|
itinerary
|
habitat
|
B
|
In which layer do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?
|
Outer space
|
Stratosphere
|
Troposphere
|
Ionosphere
|
Mesosphere
|
C
|
Tornadoes of the F4/F5 category account for what percent of deaths?
|
80%
|
65%
|
40%
|
25%
|
10%
|
B
|
ASTER information is used to draw detailed maps of land surface temperature, elevation, and
|
salt flats
|
mountain algae populations
|
reflectance
|
honeybee populations
|
shipping lanes
|
C
|
Adjacent habitats have overlapping boundaries called
|
wetlands
|
topography
|
ecological succession
|
ecotones
|
secondary succession
|
D
|
Over time, a previously untouched area like a volcanic flow will be populated by different species creating soil, cover, shade, and food resulting in a(n)
|
primary succession of development
|
secondary succession of development
|
tertiary succession of development
|
overcrowded ecosystem
|
ecotone
|
A
|
A hotspot is an ecological region that has high biodiversity and lost
|
10% of its original habitat
|
20% of its original habitat
|
45% of its original habitat
|
60% of its original habitat
|
over 70% of its original habitat
|
E
|
The most important factor currently affecting many species is
|
loss of habitat
|
predation
|
food supply
|
climate
|
disease
|
A
|
The use of resources in a manner that protects a species or environment without causing long-term loss is known as
|
evolutionary use
|
clear cutting
|
sustainable use
|
extinction
|
speciation
|
C
|
When no two species can fill the same niche at the same time and the weaker species must fill a smaller niche, relocate, or die, it is known as
|
survival of the fittest
|
Gause's principle
|
the conservation of species
|
a keystone species
|
climax succession
|
B
|
When a species' numbers drop continuously because of habitat destruction, the species is said to be
|
extinct
|
poor predators
|
protected
|
not evolutionarily hearty
|
endangered
|
E
|
Mutualism is a type of symbiosis where
|
neither species benefits
|
both species benefit
|
one species benefits and one is unaffected
|
one species is harmed and one benefits
|
both species are harmed
|
B
|
When a species has no competitive limitations, it has a
|
realized niche
|
developed niche
|
fundamental niche
|
successive niche
|
population overshoot
|
C
|
When an ecosystem reaches its final stage of balanced species development, it is called a(n)
|
climax community
|
population
|
pioneer species
|
initial niche
|
extinct zone
|
A
|
When calcium carbonate is used to build the shells of sea creatures, it is called
|
lime
|
condensation
|
sublimation
|
biomineralization
|
transfiguration
|
D
|
By dry weight, approximately what percent of carbon are humans composed of?
|
20%
|
50%
|
65%
|
70%
|
90%
|
B
|
Scientists have studied the carbon cycle in all the following geochemical reservoirs except
|
the oceans
|
soil
|
fossil fuels
|
the Earth's core
|
plant life
|
D
|
Carbon-containing material from living or nonliving sources is called
|
pyroclastic material
|
inorganic material
|
organic material
|
sublimation
|
biomineralization
|
C
|
When freshwater has high concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, it is commonly called
|
calciferous
|
hard water
|
soft water
|
mineralization
|
lime
|
B
|
ENSO takes place at intervals of 2 to 7 years and lasts approximately
|
6 months
|
1 to 2 years
|
3 years
|
2 to 5 years
|
7 years
|
B
|
The residence time of oxygen in the atmosphere is
|
12 weeks
|
300 years
|
1,000 years
|
6,000 years
|
1 million years
|
D
|
When plants pull water from the soil, use the dissolved minerals to grow, and release the water back through the leaves, it is known as
|
evapotranspiration
|
respiration
|
condensation
|
transport
|
condensation
|
A
|
Plants are known as primary producers of
|
methane
|
biomineralization
|
biomass
|
water pollution
|
limestone
|
C
|
The idea that matter is neither created, nor destroyed, but recycled through natural cycles is known as
|
conservation of matter
|
origin of species
|
residence time
|
transconfiguration
|
respiration
|
A
|
All the following are natural water reservoirs except
|
aquifers
|
living organisms
|
streams
|
limestone
|
the atmosphere
|
D
|
A plant's reaction that captures visible light wavelengths (0.4 to 0.7 µm) and transforms them into chemical energy is known as
|
sublimation
|
biomineralization
|
biomass
|
evapotranspiration
|
photosynthesis
|
E
|
Organisms that consume litter, debris, and dung are called
|
carnivores
|
herbivores
|
detritivores
|
parasites
|
omnivores
|
C
|
When ammonia is taken up by plants, dissolved by water, or remains in the soil to be converted to nitrates, it is known as
|
calcification
|
residence time
|
photosynthesis
|
nitrification
|
neutralization
|
D
|
The location where planetary water is stored for a length of time is called
|
sink hole
|
geological cycle
|
lake
|
karst
|
water reservoir
|
E
|
End of preview.
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