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(; plural ) is an Irish phrase meaning "woman of the house". With the rise of Irish language education in the Gaeltacht, or Irish-speaking areas of Ireland, it has come to refer to a landlady who takes in students who wish to learn Irish in a family setting, providing lodging and meals as well as education.
Importance in regional economy
Students traveling to and living in the Gaeltacht and studying with Bean an Tí have become an important source of income in these mostly rural areas. On 17 September 2000 it was reported in The Sunday Mirror that Irish college sources said a small number of Mna Tí were then accommodating up to 30 students and earning up to £30,000 a year during peak holiday periods. On 20 February 2003, Fine Gael Gaeltacht spokesperson Fergus O'Dowd called for a reduction in the tax increases that Mna Tí faced at the time, saying that Mna Ti were the heroes and protectors of the Irish language and culture. Later that year Na Mná Tí were given total tax exemption under the Irish Language Learners’ Scheme. Under this scheme there is also a grant paid by the Department to Gaeltacht households that accommodate Irish language learners, which plays a huge role in the economic life of the Gaeltacht and is worth millions to the local economy.
In March 2007, Sinn Féin councillor Pearse Doherty called for an urgent government response to the withdrawal of recognition from Coláiste an Phiarsaigh (Pearse College), the Irish language summer college in Gaoth Dobhair (Gweedore ). He was concerned about the impact on the economic well-being and cultural life of the region and in particular with the future financial welfare of Mna Tí. For 21 years, the coláiste (college) was made possible by the hard work of local Mna Tí, with around 30 local homes hosting students each summer. The decision to withdraw funding from the college could have cost the area up to €1.5m in lost revenue. A new college Coláiste Bun an Ibhir is now run by Gael-Linn in the area.
Origin
Until the 1950s on St. Brigid's day the Bean an Tí would pass the Brigid's cross around her body three times in front of the house. She would then walk around the house three times. Then the cross would be welcomed into the front door by the family and hung over the kitchen door, becoming the heart of the house.
Sources
Kay Kevlihan, "Mna tí - unsung heroes of Irish revival", Irish Farmers Journal Interactive, 7 August 2004,
Fine Gael News. Speech by Fergus O'Dowd TD 20 February 2003, on the Finance Bill in Dáil Éireann (in Irish with English synopsis)
County Donegal on the Net News, Vol.8 No.3 March 2007,
"Gweedore area set to lose E1.5m", Donegal Post,
Andrew Bushe, "Gaeltach in uproar over tax demands", Sunday Mirror, 17 September 2000
Irish-language education
Education in the Republic of Ireland |
Smithton Airport is an Australian regional airport located west of Smithton, a town in Tasmania's north-west. The airport is operated by the Tasmanian Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources.
See also
List of airports in Tasmania
References
External links
Official site
Airports in Tasmania
North West Tasmania |
The Committee for the Re-election of the President (also known as the Committee to Re-elect the President), abbreviated CRP, but often mocked by the acronym CREEP, was, officially, a fundraising organization of United States President Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign during the Watergate scandal. In addition to fundraising, the organization also engaged in political sabotage against Nixon's opponents, the various Democratic politicians running in the election.
History
Planning began in late 1970 and an office opened in the spring of 1971. Besides its re-election activities, CRP employed money laundering and slush funds, and was involved in the Watergate scandal.
The CRP used $500,000 in funds raised to re-elect President Nixon to pay legal expenses for the five Watergate burglars. This act helped turn the burglary into an explosive political scandal. The burglars, as well as G. Gordon Liddy, E. Howard Hunt, John N. Mitchell, and other Nixon administration figures (Watergate Seven), were indicted over the break-in and their efforts to cover it up.
The acronym CREEP became popular due to the Watergate scandal.
Prominent members
Charles Colson, special counsel to the President
Kenneth H. Dahlberg, Midwest finance chairman; developer of the Miracle-Ear hearing aid
Francis L. Dale, chairman; publisher of The Cincinnati Enquirer; owner of the Cincinnati Reds
E. Howard Hunt, consultant to the White House; retired CIA operative
Herbert W. Kalmbach, deputy finance chairman; President Nixon's personal attorney
Fred LaRue, deputy director; aide to John Mitchell
G. Gordon Liddy, finance counsel; former aide to John Ehrlichman
James W. McCord, Jr., security coordinator; former director of security at the Central Intelligence Agency
Jeb Stuart Magruder, deputy director
Fred Malek, manager; former Deputy Undersecretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Judy Hoback Miller, bookkeeper
John N. Mitchell, director; former United States Attorney General
Donald Segretti, political operative
DeVan L. Shumway, spokesman
Hugh W. Sloan, Jr., treasurer; former aide to White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman
Maurice Stans, finance chairman; former United States Secretary of Commerce
Roger Stone, political operative
See also
Young Voters for the President
White House Plumbers
References
Committees
Watergate scandal
1972 United States presidential election
Fundraising |
William Brewer was a Massachusetts politician who served on the Board of Selectmen of the Town of Roxbury, Massachusetts, as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and from, 1811 to 1812, as the sheriff of Norfolk County, Massachusetts.
Death
Brewer died on August 2, 1817.
References
High Sheriffs of Norfolk County
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Year of birth missing
1817 deaths |
Tropisternus quadristriatus is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.
References
Further reading
Hydrophilinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1871 |
Orrin Erastus Freeman (1830–1866) was an American professional photographer in China and Japan. Freeman worked in the ambrotype process.
For a short time, Freeman opened a photography studio in Shanghai in 1859 before leaving China for Japan.
Freeman established a studio in Yokohama in 1860. He is considered to have been the first Western professional photographer to establish a permanent residence in Japan.
He taught the elements of photography to Ukai Gyokusen who established the first photographer studio in Edo (Eishin-dō) in 1861. Gyokusen's camera, equipment and supplies were purchased from Freeman.
His death in 1866 was sudden. He is buried in Yokohama Foreigner's Cemetery (Gaijin Bochi).
Notes
References
Bennett, Terry. (2006). Photography in Japan, 1853-1912. Boston: Tuttle. ;
Hannavy, John. (2007). Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography. London: Routledge. ;
1830 births
1866 deaths
Photography in China
American expatriates in China
Photography in Japan
American expatriates in Japan
Pioneers of photography |
Dries De Bondt (born 4 July 1991, in Bornem) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .
Major results
2014
5th Gooikse Pijl
2015
1st Stage 1 (TTT) Ronde van Midden-Nederland
1st Grote Prijs Stad Sint-Niklaas
4th Gooikse Pijl
8th Grand Prix Criquielion
9th Handzame Classic
2016 (1 pro win)
1st Road race, National Amateur Road Championships
1st Halle–Ingooigem
3rd Overall Belgian Road Cycling Cup
8th Overall Ronde de l'Oise
1st Stage 2
8th Heistse Pijl
8th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
10th Ronde van Drenthe
10th Internationale Wielertrofee Jong Maar Moedig
2017
7th Grote Prijs Jean-Pierre Monseré
10th Famenne Ardenne Classic
2018
2nd Ronde van Drenthe
2nd Tacx Pro Classic
3rd Grote Prijs Marcel Kint
10th Schaal Sels
2019 (2)
1st Memorial Rik Van Steenbergen
1st Halle–Ingooigem
1st Grote Prijs Beeckman-De Caluwé
2nd Omloop van het Houtland
3rd Overall Tour de Wallonie
4th Heistse Pijl
4th Slag om Norg
8th Tour de l'Eurométropole
2020 (2)
1st Road race, National Road Championships
1st Mountains classification, Volta ao Algarve
1st Sprints classification, Tour de Wallonie
1st Stage 3 Étoile de Bessèges
2nd Druivenkoers Overijse
2021
Giro d'Italia
1st Sprints classification
1st Combativity classification
1st Sprints classification, Tour de Wallonie
9th Antwerp Port Epic
2022 (1)
Giro d'Italia
1st Stage 18
Combativity award Stage 11
2nd Grand Prix de Denain
2nd Grote Prijs Jean-Pierre Monseré
3rd Le Samyn
6th Overall Tour of Belgium
7th Volta Limburg Classic
8th Ronde van Drenthe
9th Primus Classic
9th Egmont Cycling Race
2023 (1)
1st Antwerp Port Epic
1st Points classification, Tour of Guangxi
8th Druivenkoers Overijse
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
People from Bornem
Cyclists from Antwerp Province
Belgian Giro d'Italia stage winners |
Ao is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
Philologist and physician Friedrich Robert Faehlmann (1798–1850) was born in Ao Manor.
References
Villages in Lääne-Viru County
Kreis Jerwen |
The word Tenji can refer to several things in Japanese, including:
Tenji (点字) is a system of Japanese Braille.
Emperor Tenji (天智天皇 Tenji Tennō) is the name of an emperor of Japan.
Tenji (天治) was a Japanese era after Hōan and before Daiji, lasting from 1124 to 1126. The reigning Emperor was Emperor Sutoku.
Japanese eras |
is a 2020 Japanese animated horror adventure film based on Humanoid Monster Bem franchise by ADK Emotions. The film is directed by Hiroshi Ikehata, written by Atsuhiro Tomioka, and produced by Production I.G. The film was released in Japan on October 2, 2020.
Following the events of the 2019 anime television series, Sonia Summers searches for Bem, Bela and Belo after they had disappeared.
Funimation licensed the film, and released on its website on October 29, 2020.
Synopsis
Two years after Bem, Bela and Belo defeated Vega, Sonia Summers is on a search for the three. On Doracho Chemicals, a city within an island, she stumbles upon a man named Belm that bares similar resemblance to Bem, with Bela and Belo being separated and doing their own things.
Voice cast
Production
In June 2020, it was announced that a film adaptation of Humanoid Monster Bem anime series was in the works, with the key staff and cast members from the 2019 television series returning to their respective positions: Hiroshi Ikehata is directing the film, with Atsuhiro Tomioka providing the screenplay, and Miho Matsumoto providing the character designs, while Production I.G is solely handling the animation production. That same month, it was announced that Kis-My-Ft2 boyband member Toshiya Miyata was cast as Burgess. Voice actors Nana Mizuki, Shizuka Itō, Koichi Yamadera and Wataru Takagi were cast as new characters the following month. J-Pop singer Rib provided the theme song for the film, titled "unforever".
Release
The film was released in theaters in Japan on October 2, 2020. The film was licensed by Funimation, and was streamed on its website in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland on October 29, 2020.
Reception
Critical reception
Theron Martin of Anime News Network gave the film a solid B rating, and stated "While I might have liked to see the main villain and his motives developed a little more, the movie is generally paced well and fully completes its intended story."
Notes
References
External links
2020 anime films
2020 films
2020s Japanese films
Japanese animated films
2020s Japanese-language films
Production I.G
Horror anime and manga
ja:妖怪人間ベム#劇場版BEM 〜BECOME HUMAN〜 (2020年) |
Benjamin Austin (born 16 July 1982) is an Australian sailor. He competed for Australia at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Together with teammate Nathan Outteridge, Austin became the 2008 World Champion in the 49er boat by finishing in front of Britons Stevie Morrison and Ben Rhodes. In 2007 they won the bronze medal in the same event at the World Championships in Cascais, Portugal. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.
Career highlights
World Championships
2007 – Cascais, 3rd, 49er (with Nathan Outteridge)
2008 – Melbourne, 1st, 49er (with Nathan Outteridge)
Other achievements
2007 – Sydney, Sydney International Regatta, 1st, 49er (with Nathan Outteridge)
References
External links
49er World Championships
OUTTERIDGE And AUSTIN Win 49er World Title
1982 births
Living people
Australian Institute of Sport sailors
Australian male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 2008 Summer Olympics – 49er
Olympic sailors for Australia
49er class world champions
World champions in sailing for Australia
21st-century Australian people
Sailors (sport) from Sydney
Sportsmen from New South Wales |
Abdul-Aziz Murtala Nyako (born 19 December 1970) is a senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from Adamawa State. He represents Adamawa central in the current 8th National Assembly. Senator Nyako is the chairman of the Special Duties Committee of the 8th National Assembly.
Nyako was elected as a senator into the 8th National Assembly under the All Progressives Congress (APC) but later decamped to the African Democratic Congress to contest as governor for Adamawa. He is the son of the former governor of Adamawa state, Murtala Nyako.
Adamawa central Senatorial District covers seven local government areas.
References
1971 births
Living people
People from Adamawa State
Candidates in the 2019 Nigerian general election
Adamawa State politicians
Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria) |
The Open d'Andorra is an international figure skating competition held annually in Canillo, Andorra, usually in November. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Senior medalists
Men
Women
Ice dance
Junior medalists
Men
Women
Ice dance
References
External links
Federació Andorrana d'Esports de Gel
Figure skating competitions |
Woodlawn School District 6 is a public school district based in Rison, Arkansas.
The school district encompasses of land along U.S. Highway 63 in Cleveland County and primarily supports the communities of Woodlawn and Rye.
Schools
Woodlawn Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
Woodlawn High School, serving grades 7 through 12.
External links
School districts in Arkansas
Education in Cleveland County, Arkansas |
Grabina Wielka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Dąbie, south-east of Koło, and east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Grabina Wielka |
Shopaholic Abroad (also known as Shopaholic Takes Manhattan) (2001) is the second in the Shopaholic series. It is an adventure novel by Sophie Kinsella, a pseudonym of Madeleine Wickham. It follows the story of Becky Bloomwood and her adventures when she's offered the chance to work in New York City. Along with the first novel in the series, it provided the basis for the film Confessions of a Shopaholic.
Plot synopsis
Life looks good for Becky Bloomwood. She has a great relationship with boyfriend Luke as well as a steady job giving financial advice on television. Furthermore, she is on good terms with her bank manager, Derek Smeath. Life becomes problematic for Becky when Mr. Smeath retires from Endwich Bank and Luke announces he wants to make it big in New York, big changes are in store for Becky. She takes to New York like an angel to heaven. Becky has never been happier and the reader is treated to Becky seeing the Guggenheim in a unique way, winning the attention of employees at Barney's and discovering sample sales. Becky spends a substantial amount of money, but is sure she's financially secure, with the job offers on T.V. piling up. She also justifies her expenses by convincing herself that the items are an investment in the future.
An article in the Daily World reveals her high debts, calls her a fraud for telling people how to manage their money when she is herself feckless. This causes a fight between her and Luke, as there are current rumours about that his PR company, Brandon Communications, will lose Bank of London as their client, and her being revealed as in debt (and Luke not even knowing about it) doesn't help situations. More and more opportunities are ruled out, when more and more people read the article. She even loses her current job on Morning Coffee, and is replaced by her former co-worker Clare Edwards, who Becky never liked, being boring and smug. She returns home to her roommate and best friend Suze, while Luke remains in New York, and their relationship comes to an apparent end.
Becky and Suze go to Becky's new bank manager to ask for a bigger overdraft, but are met with nothing but hostility and disgust. A woman who worked for her former employers Morning Coffee contacts her and asks her to lunch, Becky becomes hopeful, but it turns out she only wants her to come on and be told off by Clare for TV. She becomes depressed and Suze tries to comfort her. On a trip to Luke's office to collect a package for her delivered there, Becky decides that she will see Mel, Luke's secretary, for a bit because she missed her. She collects her package, but also notices how quiet it is with no moral. She hides in Mel's desk just in time so no one catches her in the office. During that time, she overhears Alicia's conversation with her fiancé, Ben Bridges, and another Brandon C. worker, which confuses her. Becky discovers she, along with her colleagues and Bridges, are planning to steal Luke's clients, along with Bank of London, and run the company out of business to embarrass Luke. She waits for them to leave, which they do after a few tense minutes and she safely leaves Brandon C.
Instead of going home to Suze and tell her about what she had witnessed, Becky decides to do a little detective work and find out more about Alicia's plans. She heads down to King Street and ask a tenant about any new businesses coming into the street. He tells Becky the empty 2nd floor of the building he owns, will be the future home of a financial public relations business called "Bridges and Billington" and the Bank of London will be one of their future clients. Furious at Alicia's actions for what she did to Luke as well as herself, Becky thanks the tenant for his help and leave for home. After returning home, she immediately contacts Luke's colleague in America, Michael Ellis, and tells him the truth about what she had seen. He thanks her for informing him, but Becky requests that Michael does not tell him that it was her. When asked about her reasons against it, Becky admits that she's concerned that Luke will think she's spreading rumors by gossiping behind his back to prove a point after a remark she made about Elinor. Michael agrees to cover for her by telling Luke that he found out from an anonymous tip and will look into it.
The next day, Suze suggests for a healing and empowering exercise that Becky throw out all her unnecessary possessions. She was against it at first, but later agrees when she saw how cluttered her room is and needed something to take her mind off of losing her job and Alicia's plans. While trying to tidy up, Becky comes up with a better idea after watching an art sale auction on TV. When Suze and Tarquin comes in to her room, Becky tells them the great idea that she had in mind. She has decided to sell off all her unnecessary possessions in a sales auction to make a lot of money. To her surprise and relief, Suze and Tarquin are on board to helping her advertise the sale. During that time, Becky gets a call from Michael, who invites her to lunch at the Savoy Hotel.
At the Savoy Hotel, he congratulates her for helping them out because her information saved Brandon C. from being run out of business by exposing Alicia and her colleagues for trying to ruin the company's reputation with their clients. Michael reveals that Luke has returned to London to try and salvage his company's reputation with his clients while trying to keep interest open in America. He also mentions that because of Alicia's fiancé's wealth, Ben was a key player in her plans and he was able to finance the project that they've been working on for some time. They were planning to steal all of Brandon C.'s clients and set up business elsewhere in King Street. As soon as Luke left with Becky for New York, she and her colleagues got to work immediately by telling their co-workers and clients a bunch of rumours that he will close the UK branch. As a result, clients are threatening to sue him and workers were leaving earlier, all the while she was telling him a different story. Once Michael told Luke the truth, he immediately returned to the UK branch of Brandon C. to search their desks and found plenty of evidence. Furious, he took Alicia and her colleagues by surprise in the meeting room and he fired them for it. Michael mentions that Luke plans to press charges of embezzlement against Alicia, Ben and four others involved in their scheme. Noticing that Becky has no job and is in debt, he offers her a job in Washington D.C. and can help her with immigration as he's got a good lawyer and friends in immigration to convince them. Michael also offers her good advice in finding work that she's real passionate about and not fall into a job she doesn't like.
That night, Becky holds an auction for her clothes and items. She sells all of it, even her Denny and George scarf, a big symbol for her and Luke's relationship, which makes more than three times her money back to pay off her debts. Becky accepts the slot on Morning Coffee, but shocks them all by telling them she has no more financial problems, has paid off all her debt, and is heading off to New York now to work at Barneys as a personal shopper (all of which is now true). Her former co-workers beg her to stay and answer questions from people on the phone wanting to know how she got out of debt. Becky refuses and heads to the airport with her travelling luggage ready to head to New York. Though unable to get an upgrade, the clerk was able to get her a window seat near the emergency exit with plenty of leg room. Becky comes across an article from the Financial Times, detailing Luke's risky business plans to save his company. Though feeling bad for him, she also accepts the fact it's over between them and she must move on with her own life.
Luke turns up at the airport and tells Becky that Michael told him all about what she did for his company. He thanks her, although Luke admits he was angry about it because she should have told him. Becky defends herself by stating she was worried that Luke wouldn't believe her if she came to him about Alicia and would think she was gossiping behind his back. Thus, she thought telling Michael about Alicia's plans was a safer bet since he would not betray her. While having a drink at the airport bar, Luke revealed that he confronted the reporter from Daily World that wrote the bad article about Becky to reveal her source and was enraged when he found out Alicia was involved. After returning to London, Luke did extensive search in her desk and had found bank statements that belonged to Becky. This revelation makes her feel bad for leaving her bank statements behind, unaware of the trouble it and the excessive shopping caused her. However, Luke reveals that he was Alicia's real target and she was a mere stepping stone. He admits he realized his mistake in accusing Becky for ruining his deal and apologizes after learning Alicia ruined her T.V. career intentionally so she had an easier shot at embarrassing him by ruining Brandon C's reputation with their clients and running it out of business. She tells Luke that it was also her own fault, because if she had been keeping tabs on her money and not gone shopping excessively in New York, she wouldn't have put herself in the mess she was in. In a lot of ways, Becky was glad she read the article because she realized she had to grow up and start paying back her debts. Luke begs her to stay, to come and work at Brandon Communications. He also reveals how much Alicia decimated his staff, including firing his trustworthy secretary, Mel, when she suspected Alicia and a few others for lying to him. Becky refuses and tells Luke that she doesn't want to settle down at a job she doesn't want, as she's too young for that. When he asks her reasons against it and starts to believe she has taken up Michael's offer to live in Washington DC, Becky reveals her intent to return to New York to work at Barneys as a personal shopper. She also admits that she didn't take Michael's offer and that he was being a good friend in giving her good advice in finding a job she is passionate in working at. Realizing this, Luke apologizes to Becky again for his assumption. Before she leaves, Luke gives Becky back her Denny and George scarf, revealing that the two bidders pitting against each other were him. Becky leaves for New York to accept a job at Barneys.
Some time later, Becky is working as a personal shopper at Barneys in New York. She has regular TV appearances representing fashion styles, which gains her more than three times her viewers back. Becky is helping out a female customer to accessorise an outfit, when Luke shows up as a customer. Becky soon realizes she really missed him and they get back together.
Characters
Becky Bloomwood
Suze Cleath-Stuart
Luke Brandon
Tarquin Cleath-Stuart
Tom Webster
Graham and Jane Bloomwood
Martin and Janice Webster
Lucy
Derek Smeath
Clare Edwards
Alicia Billington
Characters introduced in the novel
Ben Bridges: Alicia's fiancé and key player in her plans. He was the one who funded the project because of his wealth and it was carefully well thought of. He and Alicia had gotten a new business in King Street which got derailed when Luke found out the truth and returned to England.
Michael Ellis: Luke's colleague in America. He and Becky becomes good friends. It was she who told him about what Alicia had done that lead him to telling Luke the truth, but keeping Becky a secret to himself. Michael offers her a job in Washington D.C. when he learns that she is in debt and has no job. He also encourages her to find work she's passionate about and not fall into anything she's doesn't like.
Christina Rowan: The head of the personal shoppers at Barney's in New York. Becky comes as a customer there, but ends up working for her after losing her job on the Morning Coffee.
Elinor Sherman: Luke's biological mother, whom Becky immediately dislikes as she's cold, disinterested and uncaring of her son's attempt to try and reach out to her. This plays a crucial role in Shopaholic Ties The Knot when she calls out Elinor for being cold and selfish towards her son. In turn, she greatly despises Becky as she's immature and a flake for Luke's taste. She and Elinor would eventually reconcile in Mini Shopaholic, when she accepts responsibility for her actions and helps plan for Luke's surprise birthday party.
John Gavin: The new manager of Endwich Bank which Derek Smeath used to work. After reading the article from the Daily World, he greatly shows hostility towards Becky when she and Suze arrive and ask for a bigger overdraft. He sneeringly tells Becky that she needs to stop living in a fantasy world and grow up.
Mel: Luke's secretary introduced in the first novel. She and Becky presumably became friends in the 2nd novel. It's unknown what happened to Mel, but it's presumed Alicia had her fired when she found out that Mel suspected her of lying with intent to tell Luke the truth.
Reception
Critical reception for Shopaholic Abroad has been mixed. Kirkus Reviews criticised the work as "lackluster", as they felt that it just a rehash of the much funnier Confessions of a Shopaholic. The Akron Beacon Journal was more positive in their review and called it "bathtub reading at its best", but stated that "although Kinsella wants to avoid anything really dark in the book, you have to wonder why the question of professional help for Becky is never raised."
Film adaptation
A film adaptation of the novels starring Isla Fisher as Becky Bloomwood, Hugh Dancy as Luke Brandon, and Krysten Ritter as Suze was released on 13 February 2009. The film focused on some plots, while eliminating others to make room for the 2nd novel's plot Shopaholic Abroad.
Differences between Film and Novel
In the novel, Luke and Becky travel to New York, while in the film they go to Miami.
In the novel, Alicia exposes Becky via the British Tabloid magazine "The Daily World" for her credit card debts and as a result she loses her job at The Morning Coffee, along with prospects in America. In the film, Alicia helps Derek expose Becky and publicly humiliate her. She did it out of fear that her boss, Alette Naylor, will fire her and replace her with Becky.
In the novel, Becky returns to England in shame after a fight with Luke concerning his mother, Elinor. In the film, Becky returns to her family home in an unknown small town in the Midwest in shame.
In the film, Luke immediately suspected Alicia's involvement thanks to his private investigator keeping tabs on the latter and informs Alette right away, whereas in the novel, he had to find out the truth from Michael about Becky's suspicion on Alicia ruining Brandon Communications in London.
In the novel, Becky is told by Suze to clean up her room and get rid of her unnecessary items. Becky soon comes up with a better idea after watching a show on TV involving an art sale, sell off her possessions instead. In the film, Clare and the others in the Shopaholics support group suggest Becky sell off her possessions in a sale auction.
In the novel, Alicia and four others are secretly caught by Becky for their plans to ruin Brandon Communications and she informs Michael (Luke's colleague in America) about it, who then informs Luke about it. They are fired by Luke with impending embezzlement charges. In the film, she is caught by Alette whom was informed by Luke and found bank statements belonging to Becky. She demanded an explanation for what happened. Furious with Alicia for her selfishness and the embarrassment of the "Alette" fashion magazine, Naylor fires her right away and replaces her with Becky (who later turns down the offer).
In the novel, Luke meets Becky at the airport and confronts her for not having told him Alicia's plans to ruin him. In the film, he confronts her on the street and reveals Alicia's role in humiliating Becky by helping Smeath ruin her.
In the novel, Derek Smeath is replaced by John Gavin, who is much stricter. In the film, while omitted, Gavin's personality merges in Smeath.
Unlike in the novel which Becky shows class in giving Gavin a check, she pays Smeath back by giving him the money in coins and forcing him to count them, much to his co-workers' pleasure (as they hated Smeath).
In the film, Suze is upset with Becky for losing an expensive bridesmaid dress, while in the 3rd novel, Becky's bridesmaid's dress is made by her friend, Danny Kovich.
In the novel, the "Financial Times" details Luke's risky business to save Brandon Communications. In the film, Luke quits Successful Savings to start his own PR firm.
In the novel, Suze begs Becky to keep her Denny and George blue-gray scarf. In the film, it's Jane who does this. In both versions, Becky refuses.
In the novel, Luke gives back Becky's scarf and informing her the two bidders were him, while in the film, Luke revealed the woman was his sister, Zoe, and paid by his agent to outbid him.
Unlike in the 2nd novel, Becky reveals in a narration epilogue that she is a reformed shopaholic. She is still friends with Clare and Suze.
In the novel's end, Becky works at Barneys New York as a personal shopper and had made more than three times her viewers back with her regular television appearance on tips about the fashion trends and how to accessorize them. In the film's end, Becky works as a fashion reporter for Brandon Report and of which makes her more successful.
In the film's end, it's revealed Alicia had found another job, but because of her public humiliation of Becky and Alette, she was disgraced from the magazine world in general.
Suze and Tarquin don't get married until the third novel. Luke is Tarquin's best man and Becky is Suze's maid of honor and bridesmaid. In the film, Suze has three other bridesmaids at her wedding.
Shopaholic Series
The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic (2000) also published as Confessions of a Shopaholic (2001)
Shopaholic Abroad (2001) also published as Shopaholic Takes Manhattan (2002)
Shopaholic Ties The Knot (2002)
Shopaholic & Sister (2004)
Shopaholic & Baby (2007)
Mini Shopaholic (2010)
Shopaholic to the Stars (2014)
References
External links
Sophie Kinsella's official website
2001 British novels
Works published under a pseudonym
Chick lit novels
Novels by Madeline Wickham
Novels set in New York City
British novels adapted into films |
The National Library of Mali () is located in Bamako, Mali.
In 1938, the Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) was established to study the language, history, and culture of the peoples under French colonial rule in Africa. Following Mali's 1960 independence, in 1962 the IFAN Centre in Bamako was renamed by the Mali government the Institut des Sciences Humaines (Institute of Human Sciences) or the Mali Institute for the Study of the Humanities. The collections of Mali's National Library, National Archives and National Museum would eventually all be inherited from IFAN. On 29 February 1968, the library was transferred from Koulouba to Avenue Kasse Keita in Ouolofobougou, a section of Bamako. A 17 March 1984 law created the National Library.
It is headed by the Director, who is appointed by the National Director of Arts and Culture. The former selects five sections chiefs who are each responsible for one of the library's divisions: Cataloging and Bibliography Division; Periodical and Document Division; Loan and Information Division; Acquisitions, Processing, and Legal Deposit Division; and Binding and Restoration Division. As of 1989, the library staff numbered 28, 16 women and 12 men.
Books and periodicals are available free to the public for in-house viewing, though borrowing privileges may be obtained by becoming a registered cardholder. According to the United Nations, as of 2015 approximately 33 percent of adult Malians can read.
The library hosts some of the exhibits for African Photography Encounters, a biannual Bamako photography festival.
See also
Direction Nationale des Archives du Mali
References
This article began as a translation of the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia, accessed 26 December 2005.
Bibliography
. (Includes information about the national library)
External links
Direction nationale des Bibliothèques et de la Documentation (French language)
VIAF. Bibliothèque nationale du Mali
Buildings and structures in Bamako
Malian culture
Mali
Libraries established in 1984
1984 establishments in Africa
1980s establishments in Mali
Libraries in Mali |
The Rupert Village Historic District encompasses the 19th-century village center of Rupert, Vermont. Extending along Vermont Route 153 and adjacent roads, the village preserves a 19th-century landscape and a variety of structures important in the life and economy of the period. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.
Description and history
Rupert is a small rural community in southwestern Vermont which has had a generally agrarian economy since it was settled in the 1770s. Its village centered developed in the southwestern part of the town, near the confluence of the Indian River and Mill Brook. The village's oldest surviving building, the Congregational church, was built there in 1786, and it was for many years its center of civic affairs. The town grew rapidly in the years after American independence, reaching a peak population of 1600 in 1820. The village remained a focal point of the community, particularly after the arrival of the railroad in 1852.
The historic district extends mainly along Route 153 for about , extending north from the railroad in the south to Youlin Road and Rupert Mountain Road in the north. In addition to 74 historically significant structures, the district includes surrounding open land that historically formed an important part of the village's rural character. Most of the buildings in the district are wood-frame structures built in vernacular forms of architectural styles popular in the 19th century. The most architecturally elaborate building is the Methodist church, a Gothic structure built in 1884 with funding from J.H. Guild, the village's wealthiest resident and owner of a small patent medicine factory.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bennington County, Vermont
References
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Rupert, Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Bennington County, Vermont
Historic districts in Bennington County, Vermont |
Graphic design is the practice of combining text with images and concepts, most often for advertisements, publications, or websites. The history of graphic design is frequently traced from the onset of moveable-type printing in the 15th century, yet earlier developments and technologies related to writing and printing can be considered as parts of the longer history of communication.
Writing
Medieval
Medieval religious illuminated manuscripts combine text and images. Among these books are the Gospel books of Insular art, created in the monasteries of the British Isles. The graphics in these books reflect the influence of the Animal style associated with the "barbarian" peoples of Northern Europe, with much use of interlace and geometric decoration.
The Qur'an
In Islamic countries, calligraphy was a sacred aspect of the holy book of Islam, the Qur'an. Muslim scribes used black ink and golden paper to write and draw, using an angled alphabet called Kuffi, or Kufi. Such writings appeared in the 8th century and reached their apex in the 10th century. Later, decorations of the margins of pages, displaying a variety of graphic techniques, were added in order to beautify the book. In the 12th century, the Naskh alphabet was invented; it featured curves instead of the angled lines of Kufi script. Other styles, such as Mohaghegh, Reyhan, Sols, Reghaa, and Toghii, appeared later on.
Calligraphy
Playing cards
It is believed that playing cards were invented in China. Chinese playing cards, as we understand the term today, date from at least 1294, when Yen Sengzhu and Zheng Pig-Dog were apparently caught gambling in Enzhou (in modern Shandong Province). Cards entered Europe from the Islamic empire. The earliest authentic references to playing cards in Europe date from 1377. Europe changed the Islamic symbols such as scimitars and cups into graphical representations of kings, queens, knights and jesters. Different European countries adopted different suit systems. For instance, some Italian, Spanish and German decks of cards even today do not have queens. During the 15th century, German printers introduced a woodblock printing technique to produce playing cards. Lower production costs enabled the printed playing cards' quick exportation throughout Europe. The substitution of wood-block printing and hand coloring with copper-plate engraving during the 16th century was the next significant innovation in the manufacture of playing cards. The mass printing of playing cards was revolutionized by the introduction of color lithography in the early 19th century.
Communication
A rebus (Latin: "by things") is a kind of word puzzle which uses pictures to represent words or parts of words, such as "T,4,2" instead of "tea for two". In 1977, the New York State Department of Commerce recruited Milton Glaser, a productive graphic designer to work on a marketing campaign for New York State. Glaser created the rebus-style icon which became a major success and has continued to be sold for years. Rebus has played an important role in creation of alphabets.
Heraldry
Heraldry is the practice of designing and displaying coat of arms and heraldic badge and is rather common among all nations. For example, Romans used eagle as their coat of arms, French used fleur de lis, and Persians used the sign of their god, Ahura Mazda. Historically, it has been variously described as "the shorthand of history" and "the floral border in the garden of history.". It comes from the Germanic compound *harja-waldaz, "army commander". The origins of heraldry lie in the need to distinguish participants in combat when their faces were hidden by iron and steel helmets. Eventually a formal system of rules developed into ever more complex forms of heraldry.
Logos and trademarks
A trademark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, company or other entity to identify its products or services and to distinguish them from those of other producers. A trademark is a type of intellectual property, and typically a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, or a combination of these elements.
Rebranding
Rebranding means staying relevant as competition heats up and sales start to stagnate. In such circumstances companies often seek to breathe new life into the brand through rebranding. The idea behind it is that the assumptions made when the brand was established may no longer hold true.
Signage of culture and peace
The logo of the Socialist Party (France). The rose symbol represents; community (the flower's petals), socialism (its red color), taking care of those who are less able to compete (the fragility), the struggle (the thorns), cultural life (beauty). Historically, the red rose became the party's emblem during the nineteen-seventies. The fist symbol was a sign of resistance. Although the Mitterrand Socialists turned the fist into a graphic holding a rose.
Known worldwide by its panda logo, the Switzerland-based World Wildlife Fund (WWF) participates in international efforts to protect endangered species and their habitats.
Médecins Sans Frontières, or Doctors Without Borders, is best known for its humanitarian projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic disease. Their logo using a minimalist approach creates its visual impact.
Information signs: ISOTYPE
In 1921, Otto Neurath, an Austrian social scientist, introduced graphic design in order to facilitate the understanding of various social and economic trends through the creative use of statistical charts. In 1924, Neurath advocated the establishment of the Museum of Economy and Society, an institution for public education and social information. In May 1925, the Museum's first graphical displays was opened to the public. The exhibition showed various complicated social and economic trends. By using charts which were to be intuitive and interesting the attempt was to make those concepts easy to grasp. This style of presentation at the time was called the Viennese method, but now it is known as ISOTYPE charts (International System of Typographic Picture Education).
Otto Neurath (1882–1945) was an enthusiast of sociology. After obtaining his PhD he worked on planning the war economy of the Austro-Hungarian empire. However, by 1919 he was engaged in the planning for a wholly new economic system of the chaotic and short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. He proposed for the abolition of money, but before this could be implemented, the republic was bloodily overthrown by Weimar's Social Democrats. Neurath escaped to Vienna, where he became an activist for the self-help squatters' movement. In the 1920s he joined the Vienna Circle of Logical Positivists, who attempted to establish a scientific foundation for philosophy; and at the same time he pioneered the graphic methods that became Isotype and were shown in the "Museum of Society and Economy". He fled Vienna after the collapse of its social democratic city government in 1934. Neurath's final years were spent in Britain, as postwar planner for the Midlands town of Bilston.
As Lupton argues: Neurath suggested "two central rules for generating the vocabulary of international pictures: reduction, for determining the style of individual signs; and consistency, for giving a group of signs the appearance of a coherent system". Reduction means finding the simplest expression of an object. For instance, silouette is a basic technique for reduction. It emulates the shadow of the image without any human intervention. Thus, it is a natural cast rather than a cultural interpretation. The sign as geometric representation of reality is both a rhetorical connotation and a practical technique for many symbol designers. Martin Krampen suggested "simplified realism;" he urged designers to "start from silhouette photographs of objects...and then by subtraction...obtain silouette pictographs."
Gerd Arntz (1900–1988) was born in a German family of traders and manufacturers. He was a socio-political activist in Düsseldorf, where he joined a movement that aimed to turn Germany into a radical-socialist state form. As a revolutionary artist, Arntz was connected to the Cologne-based ‘progressive artists group’ (Gruppe progressiver Künstler Köln) and depicted the life of workers and the class struggle in abstracted figures on woodcuts. Published in leftist magazines, his work was noticed by Otto Neurath who for his ‘Vienna method of visual statistics’ needed a designer of pictograms that could summarize a subject at a glance. Neurath invited the young artists to come to Vienna in 1928, and work on further developing his ISOTYPE. Arntz designed around 4000 different pictograms and abstracted illustrations for this system.
Neurath's motto was ‘words divide, images unite’. Many of his designs together with those of his protégé Gerd Arntz were the forebears of pictograms we now encounter everywhere, such as the man and woman on toilet doors. As Marina Vishmidt suggests: "Neurath's pictograms owe much to the Modernist belief that reality may be modified by being codified – standardised, easy-to-grasp templates as a revolution in human affairs.
Olympic pictograms
The logos and pictograms for Olympic Games change every four years and the sponsoring city develops its own logos. Pictograms first appeared at the Olympics in London in 1948. They came into wide use, since they simultaneously communicate a message to a large number of people who speak different languages. In the absence of such signs in venues such as Olympic village there would be a need for many written signs in different languages, for example for rowing such as; Roning، Κωπηλασία، Aviron, قایق رانی، and ボート競技 which not only would be costly but also may confuse the viewers. Symbols for individual sports developed by Masasa Katzoumie and Yoshiro Yamashita in Tokyo Olympics in 1964.
Pictograms in Mexico Olympic Games, 1968. A group of Olympic identity program designers collaborated on the creation of these symbols, which were employed to designate the events and installations for both the sports program and the Cultural Olympiad.
Inspired by the pictograms of Gerd Arntz, Otl Aicher, design director for the Munich 1972 games, in the words of Michael Bierut "developed a set of pictograms of such breathtaking elegance and clarity that they would never be topped. Aicher (1922-1991), founder of the Ulm design school and consultant to Braun and Lufthansa, was the quintessential German designer: precise, cool and logical".
Olympic Games pictograms of Barcelona in 1992 were influenced by Aicher's work. However, the geometric shapes were abandoned in favour of the characteristic line of the emblem created by Josep. M. Trias and its stylized simplification of the human body in three parts.
Twenty-four sport pictograms and a series of sport illustrations for the 2010 Winter Games are created by Dutch illustrator Irene Jacobs of I'm JAC Design.
Astronomical, statistical and scientific charts
Statistics is becoming increasingly more important in modern society. Various computer software can easily transform a large set of data into charts, graphs, and statistics of various types in an attempt to provide us with succinct information to make decisions.
Dynamic designs and computer animation
Pioneers of modern graphics and industrial design
Raymond Loewy was one of the best known industrial designers of the 20th century. Born in France, he spent most of his professional career in the United States. Among his many contributions were the Shell logo, the Greyhound bus, the S-1 locomotive, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators and the Studebaker Avanti. Loewy was first approached by the greyhound corporation to redesign its logo. The company's logo looked like a 'fat mongrel' he said. So, he created a slimmed-down version that is still used today.
William Golden is one of the pioneers of American graphic design. He was born in lower Manhattan, the youngest of twelve children. His only formal schooling was at the Vocational School for Boys, where he learned photoengraving and the basics of commercial design. In conjunction with the Didot typeface, Golden developed the famous CBS Eye logo. It has been suggested that the eye was inspired by an article in Alexey Brodovitch's Portfolio about the subject of Shaker design.
Placards and posters
Placard and posters existed from the ancient times. The Persian reliefs that depicted the important historical events; and the Greek axons and the Roman Albums, with their decorative designs and announcements, were quite similar to today's posters. In ancient Greece the name of athletes, and games schedules were written on columns that were slowly turning on an axis. Romans used whitewashed walls in their markets in which sellers, money lenders, and slave traders wrote their announcements and advertised for their products, and to attract the attention of customers they added attractive designs to their announcements.
Ancient reliefs
Emergence of the print and design industry
Around 1450, Johann Gutenberg's printing press made books widely available in Europe. The book design of Aldus Manutius developed the book structure which would become the foundation of western publication design. With the development of the lithographic process, invented by a Czech named Alois Senefelder in 1798 in Austria, the creation of posters become feasible. Although handmade posters existed before, they were mainly used for government announcements. William Caxton, who in 1477 started a printing company in England, produced the first printed poster.
In 1870, the advertising poster emerged.
Engraving
Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. The process was developed in Germany in the 1430s from the engraving used by goldsmiths to decorate metalwork. Engravers use a hardened steel tool called a burin to cut the design into the surface, most traditionally a copper plate. Gravers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that yield different line types.
Etching
Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal. This technique is believed to have been invented by Daniel Hopfer (c. 1470-1536) of Augsburg, Germany, who decorated armour in this way, and applied the method to printmaking. Etching soon came to challenge engraving as the most popular printmaking medium. Its great advantage was that, unlike engraving which requires special skill in metalworking, etching is relatively easy to learn for an artist trained in drawing.
Modern graphic design
In the second half of the 19th century William Morris's Kelmscott Press produced many historicist graphic designs, and created a collectors market for this kind of art. In Oxford he associated with artists like Burne-Jones, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Together they formed the Pre-Raphaelites group, and their ideas influenced the modern graphic design considerably.
In 1917, Frederick H. Meyer, director and instructor at the California School of Arts and Crafts, taught a class entitled “Graphic Design and Lettering”.
Posters Post-World War II
After the Second World War, with the emergence new color printing technology and particularly appearance of computers the art of posters underwent a new revolutionary phase. People can create color poster on their laptop computers and create color prints at a very low cost. Unfortunately, the high cost sophisticated printing processes can only be afforded mostly by the government entities and large corporations. With the emergence of internet the role of posters in conveying information has greatly diminished. However, some artist still use the chromolithography in order to create works of arts in the form of print. In this regard the difference between painting and print has been narrowed considerably.
Psychedelic design
The word "psychedelic" means "mind manifesting". Psychedelic art is art inspired by the psychedelic experience induced by drugs, and refers above all to the art movement of the 1960s counterculture. Psychedelic visual arts were a counterpart to psychedelic rock music. Concert posters, album covers, lightshows, murals, comic books, underground newspapers and more reflected revolutionary political, social and spiritual sentiments inspired by psychedelic states of consciousness.
Although San Francisco remained the hub of psychedelic art into the early 1970s, the style also developed internationally. Pink Floyd worked extensively with London-based designers, Hipgnosis to create graphics to support the concepts in their albums like this cover of Soundtrack from the Film 'More'''. Life magazine's cover and lead article for the September 1, 1967 issue at the height of the Summer of Love focused on the explosion of psychedelic art on posters and the artists as leaders in the hippie counterculture community.
Yellow Submarine was a milestone in graphic design, inspired by the new trends in art, it sits alongside the dazzling Pop Art styles of Andy Warhol, Martin Sharp, Alan Aldridge and Peter Blake. Heinz Edelman was hired by TVC as the art director for this film. Before making Yellow Submarine, TVC had produced The Beatles, a 39 episode TV series "produced" by Al Brodax and King Features. Despite the critical acclaim of his design work for the film, Edelman never worked on another animated feature.
Peter Max's art work was a part of the psychedelic movement in graphic design. His work was much imitated in commercial illustration in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1970, many of Max's products and posters were featured in the exhibition "The World of Peter Max" which opened at the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco. He appeared on the cover of Life magazine with an eight-page feature article as well as The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Ed Sullivan Show.
Poster design in Japan
The distinctive aesthetics of Japanese graphic design have been admired over many decades, winning awards at prestigious international venues.
The works of Japanese graphic designers are noted for their resourcefulness, powerful visual expression and extraordinary technical quality of print.
The distinctive artistic language and typographic sophistication show particularly in Japanese poster-design. The Japanese poster is a compelling pictorial medium and an original work of art, reflecting in full the designer's creative talent.
Chinese cultural revolution
The poster "Revolution promotes production", created by He Shuxui, celebrates traditional ceramic painting techniques. A plaque in the background commemorates a group of ceramic workers as an outstanding productive unit, 1974.
A worker named Wang Qing Cang created the poster "The three countries of Indo Zhina (Lao, Cambodia, Vietnam) will win!". On the upper left side, it says "Enemies are getting sicker and sicker every day, and we are getting better and better every day." (The U.S. supported Indo Zhina (Indochina) governments while China supported their communist guerilla forces.) October 1964.
The poster "Mao Ze Dong at Jing Gang Mountain" depicts a young Mao Ze Dong sitting against a background of Mount Jing Gang. Jing Gang Shan (Jing Gang Mountain) symbolizes the Mao Ze Dong leadership and his vision to unite the oppressed masses to fight against and fight against the ruling class. Created by Liu Chun Hua and Wang Hui, October 1969.
The poster, "Time is Money", features the famous Canadian doctor Norman Bethune (Dr. Bai Qiuen in Chinese), racing to rescue another patient. Bethune became an early proponent of universal health care, the success of which he observed during a visit to the Soviet Union. As a doctor in Montreal, Bethune frequently sought out the poor and gave them free medical care. As a thoracic surgeon, he traveled to Spain (1936–1937) and to China (1938–1939) to perform battlefield surgical operations on war casualties. Created by Zhang Xin Gua. Hebei People's Publishing House.
Culture and politics
Richard Avedon was an American photographer. Avedon capitalized on his early success in fashion photography and expanded into the realm of fine art. This is a solarised poster portraits of the Beatles, originally produced for 9 January 1967 edition of the American magazine Look.
The Barack Obama "hope" poster is an iconic image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey. The image became one of the most widely recognized symbols of Obama's campaign message, spawning many variations and imitations, including some commissioned by the Obama campaign. In January 2009, after Obama had won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stenciled portrait version of the image was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for its National Portrait Gallery.
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Computer aided graphic design in posters
With the arrival of computer aided graphic design an assortment of novel effects, digital techniques, and innovative styles have been emerged in poster designs. With software such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel and Windows' Paint program, image editing has become very cheap, and artists can experiment easily with a variety of color schemes, filters and special effects. For instance, utilizing various filters of Photoshop, many artists have created "vectored" designs in posters where a photographic image is solarized, sharpened, rendered into watercolor or stained glass effects or converted into bare lines with block colors. Other designs created soft or blurry styles, ripple or cascade effects and other special filters.
Advertising
Graphic design is used in advertising to announce a persuasive message by an identified sponsor; or a promotion by a firm of its products to its existing and potential customers. Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America.
Advertising in the 19th century
Advertising in the early 20th century
German Plakatstil, "Poster style"
In the early 20th century, Germany became the cradle of many of the avant-garde art movements particularly for posters. This created the "Plakatstil" or "Poster style" movement. This movement became very influential and had a considerable impact on the graphic design for posters. Posters in this style would feature few but strong colours, a sharp, non-cluttered, minimal composition and bold, clear types.
Ludwig Hohlwein
Ludwig Hohlwein was born in Germany in 1874. He was trained and practiced as an architect until 1906 when he switched to poster design. Hohlwein's adaptations of photographic images was based on a deep and intuitive understanding of graphical principles. His creative use of color and architectural compositions dispels any suggestion that he uses photos as a substitute for creative design.
for Riquet Pralinen Tea c. 1920–1926. Hohlwein was born in the Rhine-Main region of Germany, though he and his work are associated with Munich and Bavaria in southern Germany. There were two schools of Gebrauchsgrafik in Germany at the time, North and South. Hohlwein's high tonal contrasts and a network of interlocking shapes made his work instantly recognizable.
Poster historian Alain Weill comments that "Hohlwein was the most prolific and brilliant German posterist of the 20th century... Beginning with his first efforts, Hohlwein found his style with disconcerting facility. It would vary little for the next forty years. The drawing was perfect from the start, nothing seemed alien to him, and in any case, nothing posed a problem for him. His figures are full of touches of color and a play of light and shade that brings them out of their background and gives them substance"
Lucian Bernhard
Over the course of his career, which lasted well into the 1950s, Lucian Bernhard became a prolific designer not only of innovative posters but of trademarks, packaging, type, textiles, furniture, and interior design.
Advertising in the 1920-30 era
1972 Olympics and Otl Aicher posters
The internationally recognized artist Otl Aicher was a graphic designer, urban planner, photographer, and the mastermind behind the imagery for the 1972 Munich Olympics and the Rotis typeface. Growing as a child in Nazi Germany, Aicher, along with his friends Hans and Sophie Scholl, organized the anti-Nazi political organization Die Weisse Rose (the White Rose). In 1943, the Scholls and Aicher were arrested by the Nazi party. While Aicher was released, the Scholls went to trial where they were found guilty of treason and executed. After the war Aicher went on to help rebuild his ravaged city of Ulm and to found the influential international school of design, Hochschule für Gestaltung (HfG).
In Munich's original bid for 1972 Olympic one of the main promises was to create a synthesis between sport and art. Otl Aicher was appointed as the head of the committee's visual design group, and his mandate was to deploy art in a relatively new role of promoting this global public event. From the start, posters were high on the agenda of the organizing committee, and ideas were discussed as early as September 1967 to publish a series of art posters that would ‘relate artistic activity to the Olympic Games and engage the best artists to collaborate’, and also to commission an internationally known artist for the official poster.
Otl Aicher created the official posters for the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. As he pointed out in his essay "Entwurf der Moderne" (Designing the Modern Era), the German word entwerfen, meaning "to draft "or "design", also contains the verb werfen, meaning "to throw". But where? To whom? What? And with what intention? As Benjamin Secher writes: "He devised an invigorating, almost Day-glo palette for the Olympics that was utterly free of red and black - banned for their association with the German flag. Athletes depicted in the official posters for each sport had their uniforms stripped of any national identifier, leaving the emphasis firmly on individual effort. Even the logo for the Games, a graphic of a radiant sun, hammered home the message of universality and, above all, optimism."
Aicher developed a comprehensive system to articulate the games' character across a wide range of materials, from signage to printed pieces and even staff uniforms. As the introduction to his exhibition at San Francisco Museum of Modern Art states: "His works including official posters and sporting event tickets, demonstrate the design tools Aicher used to join individual elements to the collective: structural grids, a bold and animating color palette, and ingenious pictograms. Aicher's orderly and pleasant design nimbly carried the weight of modern German history as it repositioned the nation's hospitality on the world stage".
This is a poster of 1972 Olympics Yachting in Germany designed by Otl Aicher. Using a bright color scheme, borrowed from 60s pop art and psychedelic art, and combining it with German modernism Aicher creates this visual graphic program.
Current advertising
Nike's My Butt is Big poster appears to convey a bold and honest statement. The only part of a body in the picture is a butt. The text of a poem on the right repeats the curved form of the woman's bottom which is repeated again with some vividly colored splosh of red and purple dots in the background. The background is white, which contrasts with the darker skin of the model. The statement, "My butt is big" is red and larger than the rest of the poem.
Image:Courvoisier Cognac.jpg | This is a modern advertisement poster for Courvoisier Cognac. A balanced composition of the hands, feet, and face of the figure on a black background appear to convey the message of this poster.
This is a look alike poster advertisement for Wendy's "where's the Beef?" campaign. In the TV version of this ad, Clara Peller, a gray-haired actress, stared at an unimpressive looking hamburger and asked, "Where's the beef?" This simple message was so sharp that by asking the same question about his rival's program Vice President Walter Mondale effectively neutralized Colorado Senator Gary Hart's momentum in the 1984 presidential campaign.
This is a perfume advertisement for Chanel No 5. The combination of the female figure with the number 5, together with the striking color of dress have resulted in creation of its visual graphic impact.
Comics and graphic novels
A comic refers to a magazine or book of narrative artwork and, virtually always, dialog and descriptive prose. Despite the term, the subject matter in comic is not necessarily humorous; in fact, it is often serious and action-oriented. Due to the fact that graphic design constitutes the main foundation of comics it plays a crucial role in conveying various narratives through its compositional devices, line drawings and colouring scheme.
Conventional comics and pop art
Superman, from the cover art of Superman, issue 204 (April 2004). Art by Jim Lee and Scott Williams. Superman is widely considered to be an American cultural icon. Created by American writer Jerry Siegel and Canadian-born artist Joe Shuster in 1932. The character first appeared in Action Comics in 1938. The character's appearance is distinctive and iconic: a red, blue and yellow costume, complete with cape and with a stylized "S" shield on his chest.
Shang-Chi was created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Jim Starlin. He has no special superpowers, but he exhibits extraordinary skills in the martial arts. 1972
This is Steranko's Contessa Valentina Allegra di Fontaine, from Strange Tales, (Volume 168, May 1968). Lichtenstein's Drowning Girl, and its word balloon appears to have been inspired by a comic similar to this work.
Selecting the old-fashioned comic strip as subject matter, Roy Lichtenstein used the splash page of a romance story lettered by Ira Schnapp in Secret Hearts, (volume 83, November 1962), and slightly reworked the art and dialogue by re-lettering Schnapp's original word balloon. This precise composition, titled Drowning Girl (1963) is now part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Modern comics and graphic novels
Cover of Wanted a graphic novel by Mark Millar, J. G. Jones, Paul Mounts.
The cover of Too Cool to be Forgotten, a comics novel by Alex Robinson. Robinson's draftsmanship balances graphic panels with realism.
Poster for Persepolis (2000), L'Association French edition by Marjane Satrapi an Iranian graphic novelist. Persepolis was adapted into an animated film of the same name which debuted at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007 and shared a Special Jury Prize.
Cover of Batman: The Killing Joke'' (1988). Art by Brian Bolland.
Web Design
Graphic design is used to make a web site understandable, memorable and attractive to the end user as well to present its content in a user friendly fashion. Graphic design ties in closely to user interface design and user experience design for the web, since aesthetics can impact how well people are able to interact with web content. The web dates back to the early 1980s at CERN, a European high energy physics research facility. Tim Berners-Lee who did the initial development stage was interested in the ability to link academic papers electronically and to utilize the internet in order to correspond with people in other laboratories around the world. He is credited with the construction of the first website in August 1991.
Modern life
Today graphic design has penetrated into all aspects of modern life. In particular modern architecture has been influenced by graphics.
References
Graphic design
Graphic design |
A Witches' Sabbath is a purported gathering of those believed to practice witchcraft and other rituals. The phrase became especially popular in the 20th century.
Origin of the phrase
The most infamous and influential work of witch-phobia, Malleus Maleficarum (1486) does not contain the word sabbath (sabbatum).
The first recorded English use of sabbath referring to sorcery was in 1660, in Francis Brooke's translation of Vincent Le Blanc's book The World Surveyed: "Divers Sorcerers […] have confessed that in their Sabbaths […] they feed on such fare." The phrase "Witches' Sabbath" appeared in a 1613 translation by "W. B." of Sébastien Michaëlis's Admirable History of Possession and Conversion of a Penitent Woman: "He also said to Magdalene, Art not thou an accursed woman, that the Witches Sabbath [French le Sabath] is kept here?"
The phrase is used by Henry Charles Lea in his History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (1888). Writing in 1900, German historian Joseph Hansen who was a correspondent and a German translator of Lea's work, frequently uses the shorthand phrase hexensabbat to interpret medieval trial records, though any consistently recurring term is noticeably rare in the copious Latin sources Hansen also provides (see more on various Latin synonyms, below).
Lea and Hansen's influence may have led to a much broader use of the shorthand phrase, including in English. Prior to Hansen, use of the term by German historians also seems to have been relatively rare. A compilation of German folklore by Jakob Grimm in the 1800s (Kinder und HausMärchen, Deutsche Mythologie) seems to contain no mention of hexensabbat or any other form of the term sabbat relative to fairies or magical acts. The contemporary of Grimm and early historian of witchcraft, WG Soldan also doesn't seem to use the term in his history (1843).
A French connection
In contrast to German and English counterparts, French writers (including Francophone authors writing in Latin) used the term more frequently, albeit still relatively rare. There would seem to possibly be deep roots to inquisitorial persecution of the Waldensians. In 1124, the term inzabbatos is used to describe the Waldensians in Northern Spain. In 1438 and 1460, seemingly related terms synagogam and synagogue of Sathan are used to describe Waldensians by inquisitors in France. These terms could be a reference to Revelation 2:9. ("I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan.") Writing in Latin in 1458, Francophone author Nicolas Jacquier applies synagogam fasciniorum to what he considers a gathering of witches.
About 150 years later, near the peak of the witch-phobia and the persecutions which led to the execution of an estimated 40,000-100,000 persons, with roughly 80% being women, the Francophone writers still seem to be the main ones using these related terms, although still infrequently and sporadically in most cases. Lambert Daneau uses sabbatha one time (1581) as Synagogas quas Satanica sabbatha. Nicholas Remi uses the term occasionally as well as synagoga (1588). Jean Bodin uses the term three times (1580) and, across the channel, the Englishman Reginald Scot (1585) writing a book in opposition to witch-phobia, uses the term but only once in quoting Bodin. (The Puritan Richard Baxter writing much later (1691) also uses the term only once in the exact same way–quoting Bodin. Other witch-phobic English Puritans who were Baxter's contemporaries, like Increase and Cotton Mather (1684, 1689, 1692), did not use the term, perhaps because they were Sabbatarians.)
In 1611, Jacques Fontaine uses sabat five times writing in French and in a way that would seem to correspond with modern usage. The following year (1612), Pierre de Lancre seems to use the term more frequently than anyone before.
In 1668, a late date relative to the major European witch trials, German writer Johannes Praetorius published "Blockes-Berges Verrichtung", with the subtitle "Oder Ausführlicher Geographischer Bericht/ von den hohen trefflich alt- und berühmten Blockes-Berge: ingleichen von der Hexenfahrt/ und Zauber-Sabbathe/ so auff solchen Berge die Unholden aus gantz Teutschland/ Jährlich den 1. Maij in Sanct-Walpurgis Nachte anstellen sollen". As indicated by the subtitle, Praetorius attempted to give a "Detailed Geographical Account of the highly admirable ancient and famous Blockula, also about the witches' journey and magic sabbaths".
Writing more than two hundred years after Pierre de Lancre, another French writer Lamothe-Langon (whose character and scholarship was questioned in the 1970s) uses the term in (presumably) translating into French a handful of documents from the inquisition in Southern France. Joseph Hansen cited Lamothe-Langon as one of many sources.
A term favored by recent translators
Despite the infrequency of the use of the word sabbath to denote any such gatherings in the historical record, it became increasingly popular during the 20th century.
Cautio Criminalis
In a 2003 translation of Friedrich Spee's Cautio Criminalis (1631) the word sabbaths is listed in the index with a large number of entries. However, unlike some of Spee's contemporaries in France (mentioned above), who occasionally, if rarely, use the term sabbatha, Friedrich Spee does not ever use words derived from sabbatha or synagoga. Spee was German-speaking, and like his contemporaries, wrote in Latin. Conventibus is the word Spee uses most frequently to denote a gathering of witches, whether supposed or real, physical or spectral, as seen in the first paragraph of question one of his book. This is the same word from which English words convention, convent, and coven are derived. Cautio Criminalis (1631) was written as a passionate innocence project. As a Jesuit, Spee was often in a position of witnessing the torture of those accused of witchcraft.
Malleus Maleficarum
In a 2009 translation of Dominican inquisitor Heinrich Kramer's Malleus Maleficarum (1486), the word sabbath does not occur. There is a line describing a supposed gathering that uses the word concionem; it is accurately translated as an assembly. However in the accompanying footnote, the translator seems to apologize for the lack of both the term sabbath and a general scarcity of other gatherings that would seem to fit the bill for what he refers to as a "black sabbath".
Fine art
The phrase is also popular in recent translations of the titles of artworks, including:
The Witches' Sabbath by Hans Baldung (1510)
Witches' Sabbath by Frans Francken (1606)
Witches' Sabbath in Roman Ruins by Jacob van Swanenburgh (1608)
As a recent translation from the original Spanish El aquelarre to the English title Witches' Sabbath (1798) and Witches' Sabbath or The Great He-Goat (1823) both works by Francisco Goya
Muse of the Night (Witches' Sabbath) by Luis Ricardo Falero (1880)
Disputed accuracy of the accounts of gatherings
Modern researchers have been unable to find any corroboration with the notion that physical gatherings of practitioners of witchcraft occurred. In his study "The Pursuit of Witches and the Sexual Discourse of the Sabbat", the historian Scott E. Hendrix presents a two-fold explanation for why these stories were so commonly told in spite of the fact that sabbats likely never actually occurred. First, belief in the real power of witchcraft grew during the late medieval and early-modern Europe as a doctrinal view in opposition to the canon Episcopi gained ground in certain communities. This fueled a paranoia among certain religious authorities that there was a vast underground conspiracy of witches determined to overthrow Christianity. Women beyond child-bearing years provided an easy target and were scapegoated and blamed for famines, plague, warfare, and other problems. Having prurient and orgiastic elements helped ensure that these stories would be relayed to others.
Ritual elements
Bristol University's Ronald Hutton has encapsulated the witches' sabbath as an essentially modern construction, saying:
The book Compendium Maleficarum (1608) by Francesco Maria Guazzo illustrates a typical view of gathering of witches as "the attendants riding flying goats, trampling the cross, and being re-baptised in the name of the Devil while giving their clothes to him, kissing his behind, and dancing back to back forming a round."
In effect, the sabbat acted as an effective 'advertising' gimmick, causing knowledge of what these authorities believed to be the very real threat of witchcraft to be spread more rapidly across the continent. That also meant that stories of the sabbat promoted the hunting, prosecution, and execution of supposed witches.
The descriptions of Sabbats were made or published by priests, jurists and judges who never took part in these gatherings, or were transcribed during the process of the witchcraft trials. That these testimonies reflect actual events is for most of the accounts considered doubtful. Norman Cohn argued that they were determined largely by the expectations of the interrogators and free association on the part of the accused, and reflect only popular imagination of the times, influenced by ignorance, fear, and religious intolerance towards minority groups.
Some of the existing accounts of the Sabbat were given when the person recounting them was being tortured, and so motivated to agree with suggestions put to them.
Christopher F. Black claimed that the Roman Inquisition's sparse employment of torture allowed accused witches to not feel pressured into mass accusation. This in turn means there were fewer alleged groups of witches in Italy and places under inquisitorial influence. Because the Sabbath is a gathering of collective witch groups, the lack of mass accusation means Italian popular culture was less inclined to believe in the existence of Black Sabbath. The Inquisition itself also held a skeptical view toward the legitimacy of Sabbath Assemblies.
Many of the diabolical elements of the Witches' Sabbath stereotype, such as the eating of babies, poisoning of wells, desecration of hosts or kissing of the devil's anus, were also made about heretical Christian sects, lepers, Muslims, and Jews. The term is the same as the normal English word "Sabbath" (itself a transliteration of Hebrew "Shabbat", the seventh day, on which the Creator rested after creation of the world), referring to the witches' equivalent to the Christian day of rest; a more common term was "synagogue" or "synagogue of Satan" possibly reflecting anti-Jewish sentiment, although the acts attributed to witches bear little resemblance to the Sabbath in Christianity or Jewish Shabbat customs. The Errores Gazariorum (Errors of the Cathars), which mentions the Sabbat, while not discussing the actual behavior of the Cathars, is named after them, in an attempt to link these stories to an heretical Christian group.
More recently, scholars such as Emma Wilby have argued that although the more diabolical elements of the witches' sabbath stereotype were invented by inquisitors, the witchcraft suspects themselves may have encouraged these ideas to circulate by drawing on popular beliefs and experiences around liturgical misrule, cursing rites, magical conjuration and confraternal gatherings to flesh-out their descriptions of the sabbath during interrogations.
Christian missionaries' attitude to African cults was not much different in principle to their attitude to the Witches' Sabbath in Europe; some accounts viewed them as a kind of Witches' Sabbath, but they are not. Some African communities believe in witchcraft, but as in the European witch trials, people they believe to be "witches" are condemned rather than embraced.
Possible connections to real groups
Other historians, including Carlo Ginzburg, Éva Pócs, Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen hold that these testimonies can give insights into the belief systems of the accused. Ginzburg famously discovered records of a group of individuals in northern Italy, calling themselves benandanti, who believed that they went out of their bodies in spirit and fought amongst the clouds against evil spirits to secure prosperity for their villages, or congregated at large feasts presided over by a goddess, where she taught them magic and performed divinations. Ginzburg links these beliefs with similar testimonies recorded across Europe, from the armiers of the Pyrenees, from the followers of Signora Oriente in fourteenth century Milan and the followers of Richella and 'the wise Sibillia' in fifteenth century northern Italy, and much further afield, from Livonian werewolves, Dalmatian kresniki, Hungarian táltos, Romanian căluşari and Ossetian burkudzauta. In many testimonies these meetings were described as out-of-body, rather than physical, occurrences.
Role of topically-applied hallucinogens
Carlo Ginzburg's researches have highlighted shamanic elements in European witchcraft compatible with (although not invariably inclusive of) drug-induced altered states of consciousness. In this context, a persistent theme in European witchcraft, stretching back to the time of classical authors such as Apuleius,
is the use of unguents conferring the power of "flight" and "shape-shifting." Recipes for such "flying ointments" have survived from early modern times, permitting not only an assessment of their likely pharmacological effects – based on their various plant (and to a lesser extent animal) ingredients – but also the actual recreation of and experimentation with such fat or oil-based preparations. Ginzburg makes brief reference to the use of entheogens in European witchcraft at the end of his analysis of the Witches Sabbath, mentioning only the fungi Claviceps purpurea and Amanita muscaria by name, and stating about the "flying ointment" on page 303 of 'Ecstasies...' :
In the Sabbath the judges more and more frequently saw the accounts of real, physical events. For a long time the only dissenting voices were those of the people who, referring back to the Canon episcopi, saw witches and sorcerers as the victims of demonic illusion. In the sixteenth century scientists like Cardano or Della Porta formulated a different opinion : animal metamorphoses, flights, apparitions of the devil were the effect of malnutrition or the use of hallucinogenic substances contained in vegetable concoctions or ointments...But no form of privation, no substance, no ecstatic technique can, by itself, cause the recurrence of such complex experiences...the deliberate use of psychotropic or hallucinogenic substances, while not explaining the ecstasies of the followers of the nocturnal goddess, the werewolf, and so on, would place them in a not exclusively mythical dimension.
– in short, a substrate of shamanic myth could, when catalysed by a drug experience (or simple starvation), give rise to a 'journey to the Sabbath', not of the body, but of the mind. Ergot and the Fly Agaric mushroom, while hallucinogenic, were not among the ingredients listed in recipes for the flying ointment. The active ingredients in such unguents were primarily, not fungi, but plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, most commonly Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) and Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane), belonging to the tropane alkaloid-rich tribe Hyoscyameae. Other tropane-containing, nightshade ingredients included the Mandrake Mandragora officinarum, Scopolia carniolica and Datura stramonium, the Thornapple.
The alkaloids Atropine, Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine present in these Solanaceous plants are not only potent and highly toxic hallucinogens, but are also fat-soluble and capable of being absorbed through unbroken human skin.
See also
Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath – 1989 book by Carlo Ginzburg
Shabbat Chazon - Sabbath of Vision, aka "Black Sabbath"
References
Further reading
– See the chapter "The Role of Hallucinogenic Plants in European Witchcraft"
The first modern attempt to outline the details of the medieval Witches' Sabbath.
Chapter IV, The Sabbat has detailed description of Witches' Sabbath, with complete citations of sources.
See also the extensive topic bibliography to the primary literature on pg. 560.
Musgrave, James Brent and James Houran. (1999). "The Witches' Sabbat in Legend and Literature." Lore and Language 17, no. 1-2. pg 157–174.
Wilby, Emma. (2013) "Burchard's Strigae, the Witches' Sabbath, and Shamnistic Cannibalism in Early Modern Europe." Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 8, no.1: 18–49.
Sharpe, James. (2013) "In Search of the English Sabbat: Popular Conceptions of Witches' Meetings in Early Modern England. Journal of Early Modern Studies. 2: 161–183.
Hutton, Ronald. (2014) "The Wild Hunt and the Witches' Sabbath." Folklore. 125, no. 2: 161–178.
Roper, Lyndal. (2004) Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany. -See Part II: Fantasy Chapter 5: Sabbaths
Thompson, R.L. (1929) The History of the Devil- The Horned God of the West- Magic and Worship.Murray, Margaret A. (1962)The Witch-Cult in Western Europe. (Oxford: Clarendon Press)
Black, Christopher F. (2009) The Italian Inquisition. (New Haven: Yale University Press). See Chapter 9- The World of Witchcraft, Superstition and Magic
Ankarloo, Bengt and Gustav Henningsen. (1990) Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries (Oxford: Clarendon Press). see the following essays- pg 121 Ginzburg, Carlo "Deciphering the Sabbath," pg 139 Muchembled, Robert "Satanic Myths and Cultural Reality," pg 161 Rowland, Robert. "Fantastically and Devilishe Person's: European Witch-Beliefs in Comparative Perspective," pg 191 Henningsen, Gustav "'The Ladies from outside': An Archaic Pattern of Witches' Sabbath."
Wilby, Emma. (2005) Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic visionary traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic. (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press)
Garrett, Julia M. (2013) "Witchcraft and Sexual Knowledge in Early Modern England," Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 13, no. 1. pg 32–72.
Roper, Lyndal. (2006) "Witchcraft and the Western Imagination," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'' 6, no. 16. pg 117–141.
European witchcraft
Sabbath |
Jill Barry (born November 12, 1973) is an American politician who is the member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 31st district in Hartford County.
Political career
Barry started her political career as a member of the Glastonbury Town Council, where she served from 2011 to 2018. She spearheaded the "tobacco free parks" program in Glastonbury, which passed in 2017.
Barry was elected in the general election to the Connecticut General Assembly on November 6, 2018, defeating Republican candidate Lillian Tanski. She was re-elected in 2020, defeating Stewart "Chip" Beckett.
Electoral history
References
Barry, Jill
21st-century American politicians
Living people
1973 births
People from Glastonbury, Connecticut |
Saint-Paulet (; ) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Aude department
References
Communes of Aude
Aude communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Adult Contemporary is a chart published by Billboard ranking the top-performing songs in the United States in the adult contemporary music (AC) market. In 2012, nine different songs topped the chart in 52 issues of the magazine, based on weekly airplay data from radio stations compiled by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems.
On the first chart of the year, the number one position was held by Michael Bublé with "All I Want for Christmas Is You", the song's fifth consecutive week at number one. The following week it was replaced in the top spot by British singer Adele's song "Someone like You", which had first reached number one the previous December and now returned to number one for a further four weeks. Adele would return to the top spot in March with "Set Fire to the Rain", and was the only act to achieve more than one AC number one in 2012. After four weeks, "Set Fire to the Rain" was displaced by "Just a Kiss" by the country music trio Lady Antebellum. The song had reached number one on Billboards Hot Country Songs chart the previous summer, but was not serviced to adult contemporary radio until August 2011, and subsequently took 24 weeks to reach the top spot on the AC listing.
The longest unbroken run at number one on the Adult Contemporary listing during 2012 was 16 weeks, achieved by "Somebody That I Used to Know" by Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter Gotye and New Zealand singer Kimbra, which reached the top of the chart in August. Although both acts had experienced success in their native countries, the song was the international breakthrough for both. In the United States it was successful across multiple genres, topping a number of Billboard charts, including Alternative Songs and Dance/Mix Show Airplay, as well as reaching number one on the magazine's all-genre chart, the Hot 100. It was replaced at number one on the AC chart in the issue of the magazine dated December 8 by veteran British singer Rod Stewart's recording of the 1945 song "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!", which went on to be the year's final chart-topper, holding the top spot for the final four weeks of 2012. Stewart's song continued a trend of Christmas-themed songs topping the AC chart at the end of the year, reflecting the fact that adult contemporary radio stations usually switch to playing exclusively festive songs in December.
Chart history
See also
2012 in music
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart
References
2012
Number-one adult contemporary singles
United States Adult Contemporary |
Spoleto (, also , , ; ) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is S. of Trevi, N. of Terni, SE of Perugia; SE of Florence; and N of Rome.
History
Spoleto was situated on the eastern branch of the Via Flaminia, which forked into two roads at Narni and rejoined at Forum Flaminii, near Foligno. An ancient road also ran hence to Nursia. The Ponte Sanguinario of the 1st century BC still exists. The Forum lies under today's marketplace.
Located at the head of a large, broad valley, surrounded by mountains, Spoleto has long occupied a strategic geographical position. It appears to have been an important town to the original Umbri tribes, who built walls around their settlement in the 5th century BC, some of which are visible today.
The first historical mention of Spoletium is the notice of the foundation of a colony there in 241 BC; and it was still, according to Cicero colonia latina in primis firma et illustris: a Latin colony in 95 BC. After the Battle of Lake Trasimene (217 BC) Spoletium was attacked by Hannibal, who was repulsed by the inhabitants. During the Second Punic War the city was a useful ally to Rome. It suffered greatly during the civil wars of Gaius Marius and Sulla. The latter, after his victory over Marius, confiscated the territory of Spoletium (82 BC). From this time forth it was a municipium.
Under the empire it seems to have flourished once again, but is not often mentioned in history. Martial speaks of its wine. Aemilianus, who had been proclaimed emperor by his soldiers in Moesia, was slain by them here on his way from Rome (AD 253), after a reign of three or four months. Rescripts of Constantine (326) and Julian (362) are dated from Spoleto. The foundation of the episcopal see dates from the 4th century: early martyrs of Spoleto are legends, but a letter to the bishop Caecilianus, from Pope Liberius in 354 constitutes its first historical mention. Owing to its elevated position Spoleto was an important stronghold during the Vandal and Gothic wars; its walls were dismantled by Totila.
Under the Lombards, Spoleto became the capital of an independent duchy, the Duchy of Spoleto (from 570), and its dukes ruled a considerable part of central Italy. On 29 April 801, it was struck by a severe earthquake. Several of its dukes, mainly during the late 9th Century, rose to wear the crown of that Empire. Together with other fiefs, it was bequeathed to Pope Gregory VII by the powerful countess Matilda of Tuscany, but for some time struggled to maintain its independence. In 1155 it was destroyed by Frederick Barbarossa. In 1213 it was definitively occupied by Pope Gregory IX. During the absence of the papal court in Avignon, it was prey to the struggles between Guelphs and Ghibellines, until in 1354 Cardinal Albornoz brought it once more under the authority of the Papal States.
After Napoleon's conquest of Italy, in 1809 Spoleto became capital of the short-lived French department of Trasimène, returning to the Papal States after Napoleon's defeat, within five years. In 1860, after a gallant defence, Spoleto was taken by the troops fighting for the unification of Italy. Giovanni Pontano, founder of the Accademia Pontaniana of Naples, was born here. Another child of Spoleto was Francis Possenti who was educated in the Jesuit school and whose father was the Papal assessor, Francis later entered the Passionists and became Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows.
Main sights
Ancient and lay buildings
The Roman theater, largely rebuilt. The stage is occupied by the former church of St. Agatha, currently housing the National Archaeological Museum.
Ponte Sanguinario ("bloody bridge"), a Roman bridge 1st century BC. The name is traditionally attributed to the persecutions of Christians in the nearby amphitheatre.
A restored Roman house with mosaic floors, indicating it was built in the 1st century, and overlooked the Forum Square. An inscription by Polla to Emperor Caligula suggests the house was that of Vespasia Polla, the mother of Emperor Vespasian.
Roman Amphitheater: Ancient Roman amphitheater from the 2nd century AD. It was turned into a fortress by Totila in 545 and in Middle Ages times was used for stores and shops, while the cavea the church of San Gregorio Minore was built. The stones were later used to build the Rocca Albornoziana.
Palazzo Comunale (13th century).
Ponte delle Torri( )(in Italian), a striking 13th-century aqueduct, possibly on Roman foundations: whether it was first built by the Romans is a point on which scholarly opinion is divided.
Rocca Albornoziana: majestic fortress built in 1359–1370 by the architect Matteo Gattapone of Gubbio for Cardinal Albornoz. It has six sturdy towers which formed two distinct inner spaces: the Cortile delle Armi, for the troops, and the Cortile d'onore for the use of the city's governor. The latter courtyard is surrounded by a two-floor porch. The rooms include the Camera Pinta ("Painted Room") with noteworthy 15th‑century frescoes. After having resisted many sieges, the Rocca was turned into a jail in 1800 and used as such until the late 20th century. After extensive renovation it was reopened as a museum in 2007.
Palazzo Racani-Arroni (16th century) has a worn graffito decoration attributed to Giulio Romano. The inner courtyard has a notable fountain.
Palazzo della Signoria (14th century), housing the city's museum.
Palazzo Vigili (15th-16th centuries) palace includes the Torre dell'Olio (13th century), the sole remaining medieval city tower in Spoleto.
Temple of Clitumnus lies between Spoleto and Trevi
Churches
Duomo (Cathedral) of S. Maria Assunta: Construction of the Duomo begun around 1175 and completed in 1227. The Romanesque edifice contains the tomb of Filippo Lippi, who died in Spoleto in 1469, designed by his son Filippino Lippi. The church also houses a manuscript letter by Saint Francis of Assisi.
San Pietro extra Moenia: church founded in 419 to house the supposed chains that once bound St Peter. It was built over an ancient necropolis. Reconstructed from 12th to 15th century, when a Romanesque façade added with three doors with rose-windows, with a splendid relief decoration by local artists, portraying stories of the life of St. Peter. Along with San Rufino, Assisi, the finest extant specimens of Umbrian Romanesque. The church is preceded by a large staircase. In the 17th century the interior was refurbished in Baroque style, with basilica plan with a nave, two aisles, and an elliptical dome.
Basilica of San Salvatore: 4th-5th century church incorporates the cella of a Roman temple and is one of the most important examples of Early Christian architecture. It was remade by the Lombards in the 8th century. In 2011, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).
San Ponziano: monastery and 12th-century Romanesque church standing outside the city's walls, dedicated to the patron saint of Spoleto. The church was modified in later centuries by Giuseppe Valadier. The crypt, however, has remained untouched, with its five small naves and small apses with cross-vault, ancient Roman spolia columns and frescoes of the 14th-15th centuries.
Santa Maria della Manna d'Oro: former sanctuary built in octagonal plan facing the piazza del Duomo. Putatively erected by town's merchants to thank the Madonna for sparing the city from plundering by the Imperial army in 1527. Presently exhibition hall.
San Domenico (13th century) is a Gothic construction in white and pink stone. The interior has notable paintings by Giovanni Lanfranco. The crypt is a former church dedicated to St Peter, with frescoed walls.
San Gregorio Maggiore: 11th-12th century church recently restored to original Romanesque elements. The façade has a 16th-century portico that includes the Chapel of the Innocents (14th century) with a noteworthy font. The main external feature is the high belfry, finished in the 15th century. The interior has three naves with spolia columns and pillars.
Santi Giovanni e Paolo: deconsecrated Romanesque church featuring, on the exterior, a 13th-century fresco portraying Madonna with Saints. The interior frescoes, from the 13th-15th centuries, include some of the most ancient representations of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket, by Alberto Sotio, and of St. Francis.
Basilica of Sant'Eufemia: example of 12th century Romanesque architecture influenced by Lombardy and Veneto. The interior has three naves with spolia columns.
San Paolo inter vineas (10th century) Romanesque church with rose-window of the façade.
Former church and Augustinian convent of San Nicolò (1304) is a rare example of Gothic style in Spoleto. The small church has a single nave with a splendid polygonal apse with mullioned windows. Under the apse is the church of Santa Maria della Misericordia. There are two cloisters, the more recent one pertaining to the 15th century.
San Filippo Neri: Baroque construction of mid-17th century, designed by the Loreto Scelli.
Sant'Ansano: 18th-century church built atop more ancient buildings including a 1st-century Roman temple and the mediaeval Crypt of St Isaac. It has a cloister from the 16th century.
Santi Simone e Giuda: 13th-century church completed in 1280, that has undergone many restorations and losses.
Culture
The Festival dei Due Mondi (Festival of the Two Worlds) was founded in 1958. Because Spoleto was a small town, where real estate and other goods and services were at the time relatively inexpensive, and also because there are two indoor theatres, a Roman theatre and many other spaces, it was chosen by Gian Carlo Menotti as the venue for an arts festival. It is also fairly close to Rome, with good rail connections. It is an important cultural event, held annually in late June-early July.
The festival has developed into one of the most important cultural manifestations in Italy, with a three-week schedule of music, theater and dance performances. For some time it became a reference point for modern sculpture exhibits, and works of art left to the city by Alexander Calder and others are a testimony to this.
In the United States, a parallel festival — Spoleto Festival USA — held in Charleston, South Carolina was founded in 1977 with Menotti's involvement. The twinning only lasted some 15 years and, after growing disputes between the Menotti family and the Spoleto Festival USA board, in the early 1990s a separation was consummated. However, following Menotti's death in February 2007, the city administrations of Spoleto and Charleston started talks to re-unite the two festivals which would climax in Spoleto mayor Massimo Brunini's attending the opening ceremony of Spoleto Festival USA in May 2008. For a short period of time, a third parallel festival was also held in Melbourne, Australia.
In 1992, the Spoleto Arts Symposium was initiated with the purpose of bringing talented people from all around the world to study in Spoleto. The program apparently ceased in 2009, to be replaced by a similar program, started by the College-Conservatory of Music (CCM) of the University of Cincinnati in 2010.
Sport
Spoleto gained its main results in sport with the local Volleyball team, Olio Venturi Spoleto, who classified in the quarter finals of the Italian championship in sport.
The town's football team, A.D. Voluntas Calcio Spoleto, play in Serie D.
ASD Spoleto Rugby, is the Rugby Union club of the town. They affiliated with FIR in 2014 and they play at Serie C2.
The "Stadio Communale" hosted an international Rugby League match, in 2018. The Italy national team (of the Lega Italiana Rugby Football League) played vs the British - Asian Rugby League Association (BARA). BARA won the match.
Twin towns – sister cities
Charleston, US
Schwetzingen, Germany
Cajamarca, Peru
Orange, France
Cetinje, Montenegro
Frazioni
Various suburbs and small villages surrounding the city of Spoleto (collectively referred to as "Frazioni") include: Acquaiola, Acquacastagna, Ancaiano, Azzano, Baiano, Bazzano Inferiore, Bazzano Superiore, Beroide, Camporoppolo, Campo Salese, Cerqueto, Cese, Collerisana, Collicelli, Cortaccione, Crocemaroggia, Eggi, Fogliano, Forca di Cerro, Madonna di Baiano, Maiano, Messenano, Milano, Montebiblico, Monteluco, Monte Martano, Morgnano, Morro, Ocenelli, Palazzaccio, Perchia, Petrognano, Pompagnano, Pontebari, Poreta, Protte, Rubbiano, San Brizio, San Giacomo, San Giovanni di Baiano, San Martino in Trignano, San Nicolò, San Silvestro, Santa Croce, Sant'Anastasio, Sant'Angelo in Mercole, San Venanzo, Silvignano, Somma, Strettura, Terraia, Terzo la Pieve, Terzo San Severo, Testaccio, Uncinano, Valdarena, Valle San Martino, Vallocchia, Aloha.
See also
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia
Villa Pianciani
References
External links
Official website
Charleston & Spoleto's Sister City Web Site
Official web site of the public and private turistic operators of Spoleto
Pro Loco Spoleto
Spoleto OnLine
Spoleto Festival
Spoleto Storia
Festival of the Two Worlds
UmbriaOnline: Spoleto
ITALYscapes - Spoleto
Hilltowns in Umbria
Roman sites of Umbria |
Mehr Chand Polytechnic College is a college located in the Jalandhar, Punjab. In 1950, Shri Chanchal Dass, who was working as Principal of Dayanand Polytechnic Institute at Amritsar, took over the college from Shri Hans Raj Kundra. This action led by D.A.V. College Managing Committee led to the technical side of education being established at Jalandhar. In 1952, the institution was shifted to the work centre on the G.T. Later, this building belonging to the Industries Department, Punjab, was purchased by the D.A.V. College, Chanchal Dass and renovated to have the existing building today.
In 1994 it was ISO 9002 certified. In 2003,2007,2011,2014,2015,2016,2017 it received the award for best polytechnic college in the northern region. The principal of the college received the Rashtriya Vidya Saraswati Puruskar in 2010.
Currently
In 2016, it was second after "Thapar Polytechnic patiala" in placement of students. The auditorium and new well-equipped lab are under-construction by college.
Courses offered
Pharmacy
Eligibility criteria
The Candidates having passed the Matriculation exam (especially in mathematics, science and English) are eligible to seek admission in the engineering on the basis of inter-se-merit of JET and the reservation policy of Govt. of Punjab through online counselling while for pharmacy student must have passed 12th in science stream .
15 percent of the seats in each discipline are reserved under minority quota Arya Samaji.
LEET Entry
(15 percent of total seats are reserved for Lateral entry students in second year.)
Eligibility: All those candidates who have passed the following examinations would be eligible for consideration for Lateral Entry in various Diploma Courses.
1)ITI at least with one year (who have passed 10th Level School leaving examination before admission to ITI courses) with a minimum 60% marks from any institution of Punjab/Other state.
2)10 + 2 vocational examination in various branches with the minimum 60% marks from any institution of Punjab/Other State.
3)10 + 2 (PCM) with the minimum of 60% marks from any institution of Punjab/Other State.
4)Two year certificate course with a minimum 60% marks from SLIET Longowal and have Punjab Domicile.In the event of vacancies lying unfilled, candidates who have passed the ITI at least with one year (who have passed 10th level School leaving examination before admission to ITI Courses) or 10 + 2 Board shall also be eligible to be considered for admission.
Curriculum
All these courses except Pharmacy are on semester system basis and admission to the Diploma courses is made strictly based on JET( Joint Entrance Test), conducted by the State Board of Technical Education & Industrial. Training Punjab, Chandigarh. Pharmacy is on annual system and admission is on merit in the qualifying examination i.e. 10+2 (Medical/non-medical).
References
External links
http://mcpolyjal.com
http://www.punjabteched.com/
http://www.punjabteched.net/
Education in Jalandhar |
Kimbembe Mazunga (born December 11, 1956, in Kinshasa) is a civil engineer in mechanics, and has been working at "Office des routes" since 1986; he was the governor of the city-province of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from November 15, 2005 to October 16, 2006. Originally from the province of Bas-Congo, he is a member of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Development (PPRD), the party of the DRC's former president, Joseph Kabila.
He previously served as Minister of Public Works, National Planning, Urbanism and Habitat during the Transitional Government under Joseph Kabila from November 2002 to July 2003 and was hired as senior advisor to the Chief of State in charge of Infrastructures in March 2005. In November 2005, he was selected by Kabila's son to replace Jean Kimbunda Mudikela as governor of Kinshasa. Tabu Ley Rochereau, a famous internationally known singer was one of his three Vice-Governors, he was in charge of political, administrative, and socio-cultural questions.
In October 2006, Kimbembe Mazunga was replaced by Admiral Baudoin Liwanga while he was called back at the Presidency to serve, once again, as senior advisor to the President in charge of infrastructures and national planning. He is assuming these functions till now.
References
People from Kinshasa
Governors of Kinshasa
1956 births
Living people
People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy politicians
Governors of provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people |
Zaitegi (in Spanish Záitegui) is a hamlet and council located in the municipality of Zigoitia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 39.
Geography
Zaitegi is located 14km north-northwest of Vitoria-Gasteiz.
References
Populated places in Álava |
The Hull Blokes are a writing collective based in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, in the North East of England. They write and perform comedy and drama work, both for the stage and film.
History
In May 2002, Gill Adams, a Hull-born playwright, used her column in the Hull Daily Mail to advertise for men to join a series of writing workshops funded by the Gulbenkian Foundation.
The project was actually part of the BBC'’s Northern Exposure ‘Writing in the Margins’ initiative, spearheaded by the Corporation's then creative director of new writing, Kate Rowland. Adams led the workshops for a year with exercises, discussions and readings, and it was she who coined the group's title. The term ‘Blokes’ was certainly being used by the time the group featured in Ariel in December 2002. In April 2003, the focus of the project – King of the Road, a six-part serial telling of the comings and goings of a local (fictional) taxi firm – received its first public reading in the Haworth Arms on Hull's Beverley Road.
Gill Adams’ contract with the BBC ended in the same month. The Blokes, however, had achieved a level of self-determination and success and decided to continue. They applied for and were awarded City Arts funding which enabled them to take part in Humber Mouth, the annual Hull Literature Festival. Their first ‘independent’ show was Counter Act, an evening of eight short plays performed at the Dorchester Hotel, Hull, on 13 November 2003. The group has continued, in subsequent years, to make regular contributions to Humber Mouth.
King of the Road was eventually broadcast on BBC Radio Humberside in March 2004.
Present day
The Hull Blokes have continued to write and present comedy, drama and monologues not only for Humber Mouth but also as self-sufficient, self-supporting productions. Since 2005 their live performances have been staged at the Northern Academy of Performing Arts in Hull, and clips of their work, comprising extracts from the stage shows and stand-alone short films, have been made available on the internet.
Some of the writers are also performers and appear in their own and others’ pieces. Other personnel have been recruited for particular qualities or talents, and the need became apparent for a title which would include the whole company. Following the show of the same name, the term ‘Northern Conspiracy’ has been used informally since 2005 to refer to associates of the group whose contribution is unwritten but nevertheless crucial.
The Blokes are supported by the Arts Council, who have provided funding for the purchase of equipment used in the recording and projection of filmed pieces. The application necessitated the formalisation of the group's affairs, and a written constitution was adopted in February 2006.
Current members
The Current members are: John Allbones, Wayne Dewsbury, Andy Hampel, Steve Kerry, Bernie Laverick, Gus Wilson, Sean Wilson and Steve 'Kippa' Wilson. The Wilsons are not related.
Live shows to date
Counter Act, 13 November 2003, Dorchester Hotel
Play-ola, 1 July 2004, Dorchester Hotel
Before the Fringe, 20–21 January 2005, The Ringside
Never Mind The Ballcocks, 10 March 2005, The Ringside
David Van Day's Hull Blokes Comedy Variety Show, 12 May 2005, The Ringside
Tickling the Dragon's Tail, 22–23 June 2005, Dorchester Hotel
Northern Conspiracy, 11–13 November 2005, Northern Academy of Performing Arts
Love, 17–19 February 2006, Northern Academy of Performing Arts
Hull Blokes On Air, 23–25 June 2006, Northern Academy of Performing Arts
A Night of Comedy, Music, Films and Snowmen, 1–3 December 2006, Northern Academy of Performing Arts
Tossa's in Spain, 22–24 June 2007, Northern Academy of Performing Arts.
Hull Blokes Comedy Sketch Show, 2–4 November 2007, Northern Academy of Performing Arts.
Confessions, 1–2 November 2008, The Haworth.
Notes
In addition to several mentions in Gill Adams’ column in the Hull Daily Mail between 2002 and 2006, and various miscellaneous (and occasionally contentious) items of published correspondence, the group has featured in previews and reviews in the paper's news and entertainment pages (28/01/03, 15/03/04, 19/01/05, 21/06/05, 07/11/05, 17/02/06, 09/06/06, 22/06/06, 27/11/06, 0/06/07).
External links
Hull Blokes Official Website
Blokes
Writing circles |
T.V.S.N. Prasad (Prasad V.S.N. Tallapragada) is an Indian Administrative Service officer, currently serving as Financial Commissioner & Revenue Secretary and Home Secretary to the Government of Haryana. He earlier served as the State's Finance and Treasury Secretary for around five years earlier. With several publications to his credit, he is currently in a doctoral program in economics in the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and served as a Lead Economist at the World Bank. He has a Masters from Harvard University. He is an Edward S. Mason Fellow in Public Policy and Management and a John Kenneth Galbraith Scholar in Infrastructure Economics at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He was Lead Infrastructure Coordinator and Senior Energy Specialist in the Africa Division of the World Bank, leading power, oil and gas sector national economic policies, investments, and infrastructure expansion. He worked in the Government of India as Mission Director of National Mission of Clean Ganga, and later as Joint/Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Early life and education
Prasad was born in a Telugu family from East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. His father, Hon'ble Mr. Justice T.H.B. Chalapathi, served as a Hon'ble Judge in the Andhra Pradesh High Court and the Punjab and Haryana High Court. He completed his schooling from Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet. He obtained his graduation in Bacherlors in Electrical Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. He later went on to study at Harvard University, where he earned a Masters in Public Administration at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government on an Edward S. Mason Fellowship.
Career
Prasad joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1988, serving in the Haryana Cadre. As an IAS officer, he has held numerous positions, such as Deputy Commissioner, Rohtak and Kurukshetra, founding Chairman and Managing Director, Andhra Pradesh Central Power Distribution Company, Chief Administrator, Haryana State Agricultural Marketing Board, and Principal Secretary, Department of Food, Civil Supplies, and Consumer Affairs, Government of Haryana. During his stint in the Central Government between 2014 and 2018, Prasad served as Mission Director in the National Mission for Clean Ganga and Joint Secretary (later as Additional Secretary) in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
During his career, he has been awarded Best District Collector for Efforts to make the District Achieve the Country Lowest Population Growth Rate (1998). He has also been credited for turning around a loss making electric utility into profit making entity in the States of Haryana and Andhra Pradesh. While at the Ministry of Home Affairs, he chaired a Committee to explore alternative solutions to the use of Pellet Guns by Indian Paramilitary Forces and was instrumental in reviving the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems project.
During his stint at the World Bank, he has served as Senior Energy Specialist and Lead Infrastructure Coordinator in the Africa Division of the World Bank, leading power, oil and gas sector national economic policies, investments, and infrastructure expansion. He has many publications in his name, notably as Lead Author of the book Monitoring Performance of Electric Utilities - Indicators and Benchmarking, which was published by the World Bank in 2009. His efforts in the power and natural oil gas sector have been lauded by many experts in the African region, especially with respect to his work in distribution and generation.
References
wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=656&Id=4
1964 births
Living people
Indian Administrative Service officers
World Bank people
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Mason Fellows |
Narayanganj ( Naraeongônj) is a city in central Bangladesh. It is in the Narayanganj District, about southeast of the capital city of Dhaka, and has a population of about 2 million. It is the 6th largest city in Bangladesh.
It is also a center of business and industry, especially the jute trade and processing plants, and the textile sector of the country. It is nicknamed the Dundee of Bangladesh, due to the presence of its many jute mills. (Dundee was the first industrialised 'Juteopolis' in the world.)
History
The city got its name from Bicon Lal Pandey, a Hindu religious leader who was also known as Benur Thakur or 'Lakshmi Narayan Thakur'. He leased the area from the British East India Company in 1766 following the Battle of Plassey. He donated the markets and the land on the banks of the river as Devottor or 'Given to God' property, bequeathed for maintenance expenses for the worship of the god Narayan.
A post office was set up in 1866, and Dhaka-Narayanganj telegraph service was started in 1877. The Bank of Bengal introduced the first telephone service in 1882.
The Narayanganj Municipality was incorporated on 8 September 1876. The first hospital in the area of Narayanganj Victoria Hospital was established in 1885 by the Municipality with financial contributions from Harakanta Banerjee.
Narayanganj City Corporation was established on 5 May 2011, unifying three former municipalities: Narayanganj Municipality, Siddhirganj Municipality, and Kadam Rasul Municipality. The mayor of Narayanganj City Corporation (NCC) is Dr Selina Hayet Ivy. Prior to this, she was the mayor of Narayanganj Municipality.
The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah is also located in Narayanganj which was built in 1410 CE just before his death. Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah was Sultan of Bengal from 1390 to 1411.
Transport
Narayanganj has two railway stations named Chashara railway station and Narayanganj railway station. From Dhaka anyone can use three roads to enter the city: Dhaka–Narayanganj old road, Dhaka–Narayanganj link road and Narayanganj–Demra road. The BRTC AC Bus gives bus transport service from Narayanganj to Dhaka.
See also
Langalbandh
Narayanganj High school
Narayanganj Bar Academy school
Narayanganj Rail Junction
References
External links
Website of Narayanganj City Corporation
Narayanganj: Attractive Places
Populated places in Dhaka Division |
USS Tuscumbia is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:
, a gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.
, a tugboat launched in November 1945.
References
United States Navy ship names |
The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights located on West 44th Street in Hell's Kitchen, New York City.
The studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. It was founded in 1947 by Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford, and Robert Lewis, and later directed by Lee Strasberg, all former members of the Group Theatre, an early pioneer of the acting techniques of Constantin Stanislavsky that would become known as method acting.
Notable actors and playwrights who have shared their work at the studio include Marilyn Monroe, Marlon Brando, who joined the studio in its first year, Lorraine Hansberry and James Baldwin.
While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in a private environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles.
, the studio's co-presidents are Ellen Burstyn, Alec Baldwin and Al Pacino. The artistic director in New York is Beau Gravitte, and the Associate Artistic Director in New York is Estelle Parsons.
History
After an initial meeting held on October 5, 1947, at the Labor Stage, located at 106 W. 39th Street (formerly the Princess Theatre), in which goals and ground rules of the new organization were discussed, the studio officially opened for business the following day.
Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford, and Robert Lewis who founded the studio, had all been members of the Group Theatre, which had been an early adopter of method acting in the 1930s. Based on acting techniques first taught by Constantin Stanislavsky at the Moscow Art Theatre, Method acting or the “Method” was further refined at the Actor's Studio, including by Lee Strasberg, who had closely studied Stanislavski's theories at the Group Theater and who became director of the studio from 1952 until his death on February 17, 1982.
Around 700 actors auditioned in the studio's first year, with 50 actors selected to become its first group of members, including Marlon Brando. Once actors pass the studio's audition process they become life-members who can attend sessions where members present work to each other. Some non-members are also invited to observe sessions, and on rare occasions non-members such as Marilyn Monroe have been invited to present.
The studio has also provided opportunities for playwrights including Lorraine Hansberry, James Baldwin, Edward Albee and Tennessee Williams to develop new works.
Location
Before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period.
It first opened in October 1947 at the Union Methodist Episcopal Church, located at 229 West 48th Street, previously home to the Actors Kitchen and Lounge (maintained to assist actors and others unable to afford meals), and long a source of rental rehearsal space for local theatrical producers.
In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability; the Studio would not move again until the summer of 1952. From that point, the old Theatre Guild rehearsal rooms on the top floor of the ANTA Theatre became home, as they would remain until October 1954, when theatre renovations reduced the Studio to renting space twice a week. This it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, Room 610. This arrangement continued throughout the 1954–1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue.
In 1955, it moved to its current location in the former West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church, a Greek Revival structure which was built for the Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church in 1858 or 1859. It was one of the last churches to be built in that style in New York City.
Graduate drama school
From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of master's-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School (ASDS). After ending its contract with The New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006.
Lifetime members
Some of the more well-known Lifetime Members of the Actors Studio are (as of July 24, 2023):
Lou Antonio
Michael Aronov
Beatrice Arthur
James Baldwin
Martin Balsam
Anne Bancroft
Susan Batson
Michael Bennett
Marlon Brando
Roscoe Lee Browne
Ellen Burstyn
Ellen Chenoweth
Jill Clayburgh
Montgomery Clift
Miriam Colon
Michael Cristofer
Harold Clurman
Bradley Cooper
Common
James Dean
Robert De Niro
Sandy Dennis
Robert Duvall
Sally Field
Jane Fonda
Anthony Franciosa
Ben Gazzara
Carlin Glynn
Lee Grant
Beau Gravitte
William Greaves
Stephen Adly Guirgis
Lorraine Hansberry
Julie Harris
Dustin Hoffman
Celeste Holm
Kim Hunter
William Inge
Salome Jens
Elia Kazan
Elizabeth Kemp
Harvey Keitel
Lyle Kessler
Martin Landau
Stephen Lang
Cloris Leachman
Melissa Leo
Robert Lewis
James Lipton
Norman Mailer
Karl Malden
Peter Masterson
Walter Matthau
Steve McQueen
Marilyn Monroe
Paul Newman
Jack Nicholson
Clifford Odets
Geraldine Page
Estelle Parsons
Sidney Poitier
Sydney Pollack
José Quintero
Jerome Robbins
Teresa Ruiz
Mark Rydell
Mark Rylance
Eva Marie Saint
Maureen Stapleton
Rod Steiger
David J. Stewart
John Strasberg
Lee Strasberg
Eli Wallach
Gene Wilder
Shelley Winters
Tennessee Williams
Joanne Woodward
See also
Inside the Actors Studio
References
Notes
Further reading
Articles
Gerard, Jeremy (April 8, 1988) "Frank Corsaro to Head Actors Studio," The New York Times
Heimer, Mel (October 19, 1965), "My New York" Rochester Sentinel p. 2
Kleiner, Dick (December 21, 1956) "The Actors Studio: Making Stars Out of the Unknown," Sarasota Journal p. 26
Pogrebin, Robin (June 20, 2000) "Pacino, Burstyn and Keitel To Lead the Actors Studio," The New York Times
Seligsohn, Leo (January 6, 1974) "Actors Studio Needs Cash Birthday Gift," Sarasota Herald-Tribune p. 6-B
Smith, Liz (May 30, 1983) "Controversy Engulfs Actors Studio As Anna Strasberg Resigns," Sarasota Herald-Tribune p. 4-C
Books
Frome, Shelly (2001) The Actors Studio: a History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
Garfield, David (1980) A Player's Place: The Story of the Actors Studio. New York: MacMillan.
Hirsch, Foster (1984) A Method to their Madness: The History of the Actors Studio. New York: WW Norton & Co Inc.
External links
PBS American Masters Series profile
Inside the Actors Studio
The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University
Audio collection of the Actors Studio from 1956–69 at the Wisconsin Historical Society
A brief history of the Actors Studio, including Lee Strasberg on its origin and purpose.
David Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947–2003 (bulk 1970–1982), held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Drama schools in the United States
Actors Studio alumni
Organizations based in New York City
Education in Manhattan
Pace University
1947 establishments in New York City
Theatre in New York City |
James Paul Szymanski (born September 7, 1967) is a former American football defensive end. He played for the Denver Broncos from 1990 to 1991. He was drafted by the Broncos in the tenth round of the 1990 NFL Draft. He was placed on IR in 1993 for the Pittsburgh Steelers.
References
1967 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
Michigan State Spartans football players
Denver Broncos players |
Hooster is a three piece rock band from Christchurch, New Zealand. The band released its first album, Rotate, in 2004.
The band won a recording grant in 2003, to record one song from New Zealand on air. In 2005, they went on to win a contest to be opening band at the Big Day Out Auckland music festival.
Line-up
The band's original members were:
Ed Loughnan – guitar and vocals
Kris Giles – bass guitar and vocals
Al Evans – drums
In 2004, Evans moved to a different city and was replaced by new drummer Kayne. Evans drums on all but one of the songs appearing on the recordings.
References
External links
Official Hooster web site
New Zealand rock music groups |
Port Mann townsite was created in 1911 in the municipality of Surrey, British Columbia. The new town was to adjoin the new railway yard and roundhouse forming the terminus of the new trans-national rail-line operated by Canadian Northern Railway. It was named for Donald Mann, a partner in the building of the Canadian Northern Railway. Newspaper quoted that the town was intended to be a model town. Purchase of sections had been completed by 1911 and clearing of the forest had begun. The sale of lots began in March 1912 and by June 1912 all land in the townsite had been sold. Four million dollars worth of land was sold in Port Mann. Borrowing from mid-nineteenth century notions of Baron Haussmann’s Paris, Port Mann was laid out by landscape architect Frederick S. Todd with streets radiating from a central circus in the residential section. The business sector was to cluster around a large open square. In June 1912 the Toronto World also published that Port Mann would be the site of a large scale steel mill by Carnegie Steel Company of Pittsburgh as well as the site of flour mill, and grain elevators by International Milling, and the site of a large dry dock and shipbuilding yards.
Failure of the port
Neither the model town of Port Mann nor the extensive industrial investment was ever fully realized. Immigration to Canada dropped sharply in 1913. The population of Vancouver declined from 120,000 in 1912 to 75,000 in 1916. Building permits in Vancouver dropped from a high of $20 million in 1911 to less than $2 million in 1914. Building permits would only reach $20 million again in 1929. The railway never terminated in Port Mann; instead the Canadian Northern Railway negotiated running rights with Great Northern across Fraser Railway Bridge to Vancouver to terminate at what is today Pacific Central Station. Soon after the sale of land at Port Mann, Canadian Northern Railway was involved in a similar development near Montreal where the Town of Mount Royal was created in 1912 and construction was started on the Mount Royal Tunnel on July 8, 1912. On November 5, 1916, due to inability to pay its debt obligations, the Government of Canada acquired 510,000 shares of 600,000 to take ownership of Canadian Northern Railway. From December 20, 1918, Canadian Northern Railway, in combination with the Canadian Government Railways, was officially referred to as Canadian National Railways.
Geography
The area of the townsite encompassed an area from what is today 130th Street to 152nd street and from the Fraser Foreshore to 108 Avenue.
References
Neighbourhoods in Surrey, British Columbia |
Final cut privilege (also known as final cutting authority) is the right or entitlement of an individual to determine the final version of a motion picture for distribution and exhibition. The final cut on a film can be held by film studios, studio executives, executive producers, film producers, directors, screenwriters, and sometimes actors. The authority can also be shared between any of the above parties.
Background
Studios are typically reluctant to give final-cut rights to an individual who is not financially vested in the project and therefore often hold on to this authority or grant it to studio executives. In some instances, a studio may have a subsidiary that is a production company which retains final cut. Studio executives such as Kevin Feige for Marvel Studios and Kathleen Kennedy for Lucasfilm will often have final cut authority. The actor Matt Damon, who was a producer on the 2016 film Manchester by the Sea, had final cut authority instead of the film's director, Kenneth Lonergan. Actors can also negotiate for final cut authority. The actor Kevin Costner had final cut on the 1999 film For Love of the Game due to the worldwide success of Dances with Wolves. Costner and the director Sam Raimi had creative disputes over the finished product. Although Universal Pictures sided with Raimi's changes, Costner's changes were made because he contractually held the authority.
Directors
Directors will seek final cut authority for creative reasons; however, the right is usually only granted to established directors who have been determined by their record to be bankable, such as Steven Spielberg, James Cameron, Peter Jackson, Quentin Tarantino, The Wachowskis, or the Coen brothers. This authority is not absolute. If a director goes over budget, exceeds runtime, misses the production schedule, or otherwise does not stick to the agreed upon terms, he or she can lose final cut. Should the director no longer be an employee, the authority vested in the director is passed to a pre-determined individual that was approved by the director and the studio prior to production. Although all parties are obligated to meaningfully consult with each other on all aspects of the film, when it gets down to final cut, it can cause conflict, which usually occurs between the director and the studio.
Independent directors and those working outside of the major US film studios have other metrics to determine if final cut authority is granted to the director. For instance in France, directors whose reputations are built on artistic merit, as opposed to bankability, frequently have final cut privilege for their films. In the United States there are directors that are considered acclaimed, but not necessarily bankable directors, such as Woody Allen, David Lynch, Alexander Payne, and Terrence Malick, who enjoy final cut privilege.
When a film is released with a final cut made by someone other than the director, sometimes producers will subsequently release a director's cut of the film, which is a version of the film as the director would have cut it or more closely follows their vision of the project. A promise of a release of a director's cut can sometimes entice a director to join a project or help smooth over creative differences. These versions of a film can act as an additional marketing tool for film distribution, and often the term director's cut is used only for marketing purposes and has nothing to do with what the director actually wanted. Director's cuts are usually released via digital distribution, such as on DVDs or through streaming services.
See also
Artistic control, the same term when applied to musicians
Auteur theory
Alan Smithee
References
Further reading
Film and video terminology
Film production |
Otekmaspis is an extinct genus from a well known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
References
Cambrian trilobites
Trilobite genera |
Vampires are frequently represented in popular culture, including appearances in ballet, films, literature, music, opera, theatre, paintings, and video games.
Though there are many creative variations and depictions of vampires, a vampire is most often defined as a being which consumes blood as a primary source of sustenance.
Comic books and graphic novels
Comic books and graphic novels such as Vampirella (1969), Tomb of Dracula (1972), Blade (1973), 30 Days of Night (2002) Anita Blake Guilty Pleasures, and Dracula vs. King Arthur (2005). In addition, many major superheroes have faced vampire supervillains at some point.
Many comic books featuring Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin off Angel have been released.
Marceline and the Scream Queens is a mini-series of comic books focusing on Marceline the Vampire Queen from the cartoon TV show Adventure Time with Finn and Jake. The spin-off comic was produced by BOOM! Studios and published between July and December 2012.
Films
The Vampire (1913, directed by Robert G. Vignola), also co-written by Vignola, is the earliest vampire film.
These were derived from the writer Rudyard Kipling who was inspired by a vampiress painted by Philip Burne-Jones, an image typical of the era in 1897, to write his poem 'The Vampire'. Like much of Kipling's verse it was incredibly popular, and its refrain: A fool there was . . . , describing a seduced man, became the title of the popular film A Fool There Was that made Theda Bara a star, the poem being used in its publicity. On this account, in early American slang the femme fatale was called a vamp, short for vampiress.
A vampire features in the landmark Nosferatu (1922 Germany, directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau), an unlicensed version of Bram Stoker's Dracula. The Stoker estate sued the production and won, leading to the destruction of most copies of the film. It would be painstakingly restored in 1994 by a team of European scholars from the five surviving prints that had escaped destruction. Nosferatu is the first film to feature a Vampire's death by sunlight, which formerly only weakened vampires.
The next classic treatment of the vampire legend was in Universal's Dracula starring Bela Lugosi as Count Dracula.
Five years after the release of the film, Universal released Dracula's Daughter, a direct sequel that starts immediately after the end of the first film. A second sequel, Son of Dracula, starring Lon Chaney Jr. followed in 1943. Despite his apparent death in the 1931 film, the Count returned to life in three more Universal films of the mid-1940s: 1944's House of Frankenstein, 1945's House of Dracula and 1948's Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein. While Lugosi had played a vampire in two other movies during the 1930s and 1940s, it was only in this final film that he played Count Dracula onscreen for the second (and last) time.
Dracula was reincarnated for a new generation in the celebrated Hammer Horror series of films, starring Christopher Lee as the Count. The first of these films Dracula (1958) was followed by seven sequels. Lee returned as Dracula in all but two of these.
A distinct subgenre of vampire films, ultimately inspired by Le Fanu's Carmilla explored the topic of the lesbian vampire. The first of these was Blood and Roses (1960) by Roger Vadim. More explicit lesbian content was provided in Hammer Studios Karnstein trilogy. The first of these, The Vampire Lovers, (1970), starring Ingrid Pitt and Madeleine Smith, was a relatively straightforward re-telling of LeFanu's novella, but with more overt violence and sexuality.
Later films in this subgenre such as Vampyres (1974) became even more explicit in their depiction of sex, nudity and violence.
Beginning with the absurd Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948) the vampire film has often been the subject of comedy. The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967) by Academy Award winner Roman Polanski was a notable parody of the genre. Other comedic treatments, of variable quality, include Old Dracula (1974) featuring David Niven as a lovelorn Dracula, Love at First Bite (1979 United States) featuring George Hamilton and Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995 United States, directed by Mel Brooks) with Canadian Leslie Nielsen giving it a comic twist.
Another development in some vampire films has been a change from supernatural horror to science fictional explanations of vampirism. The Last Man on Earth (Italy 1964, directed by Ubaldo Ragona) and The Omega Man (1971 USA, directed by Boris Sagal), both based on Richard Matheson's novel I Am Legend, are two examples. Vampirism is explained as a kind of virus in David Cronenberg's Rabid (1976 Canada), Red-Blooded American Girl (1990 Canada, directed by David Blyth) and Michael and Peter Spierig's Daybreakers (2009 United States).
Race has been another theme, as exemplified by the blaxploitation picture Blacula (1972) and several sequels.
Since the time of Bela Lugosi's Dracula (1931) the vampire, male or female, has usually been portrayed as an alluring sex symbol. There is, however, a very small subgenre, pioneered in Murnau's seminal Nosferatu (1922) in which the vampire is depicted in the hideous lineaments of the creature of European folklore. Max Schrek's disturbing portrayal of this role in Murnau's film was copied by Klaus Kinski in Werner Herzog's remake Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht (1979). In Shadow of the Vampire (2000, directed by E. Elias Merhige), Willem Dafoe plays Max Schrek, himself, though portrayed here as an actual vampire. Dafoe's character is the ugly, disgusting creature of the original Nosferatu. The main tradition has, however, been to portray the vampire in terms of a predatory sexuality. Christopher Lee, Delphine Seyrig, Frank Langella, and Lauren Hutton are just a few examples of actors who brought great sex-appeal into their portrayal of the vampire.
A major character in most vampire films is the vampire slayer, of which Stoker's Abraham Van Helsing is a prototype. However, killing vampires has changed. Where Van Helsing relied on a stake through the heart, in Vampires 1998 USA, directed by John Carpenter, Jack Crow (James Woods) has a heavily armed squad of vampire hunters, and in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992 USA, directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui), writer Joss Whedon (who created TV's Buffy the Vampire Slayer and spinoff Angel) attached The Slayer, Buffy Summers (Kristy Swanson in the film, Sarah Michelle Gellar in the TV series), to a network of Watchers and mystically endowed her with superhuman powers.
The 1973 Serbian horror film Leptirica ("The She-Butterfly") was inspired by the story of Sava Savanović.
Other notable Vampire movies also include the following, but not limited to:
"Dracula" (1931) starred Bela Lugosi as well he starred in "Vampire Over London" (1952) both of which are B/W films.
"The Horror of Dracula" (1958) starring Peter Cushing (playing Dr. Van Helsing) and co-stars with Christopher Lee. Christopher Lee's saga of vampire films also includes the following as he personified Dracula in "Dracula" Prince of Darkness" (1966), "Dracula Had Risen From the Grave" (1968), "Count Dracula" plus "Taste the Blood of Dracula," and "Scars of Dracula" all in (1970). Followed up with "Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972) -co-starring again with Peter Cushing, as Van Helsing- then "The Satanic Rites Of Dracula" with Peter Cushing (1973), and "Dracula and Son" (1976). While Peter Cushing was also in "Vampire Lovers" (1970), "The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires" and "Tender Dracula" (1974).
"Atom Age Vampire" (1960) B/W film aka "Seddok, l'erede di Satana" starring Alberto Lupo, Susanne Loret, and Sergio Fantoni. Directed by Anton Giulo Majano with both an Italian and English version of this film released. A girl Jeanette Moreneau (Susanne Loret) who gets her face mangled in a car accident. Only the mysterious Dr. Levin (Alberto Lupo) can save her face...but at what cost? (A 70-minute cartoon animated version of this film reflecting its story line was released in 2009).
"Queen Of Blood" (1966) starred John Saxon as well as Basil Rathbone and shared two elements in common (that being a derelict spaceship that harbors a female vampiric alien played by Florence Marly as the Alien Queen) as is the case too in the much later 1985 Sci-Fi thriller called "Lifeforce."
"Requiem for a Vampire" (1971) while a mainstream film not widely shown due to its dubious odd-ball content, the film containing full frontal nudity regarding a bizarre tale that includes bats engaged in coitus with women. This film starred Marie-Pierre Castel, Mireille Dargent, and Piilippe Gaste.
"Horror Express" (1972) is not a vampire movie in the eyes of some, and then again it is a vampire film in the eyes of others. Like the movie "Lifeforce" that breaks the mold of one's lifeforce or i.e. blood being drawn from a person by biting them, mysteriously drawn from their mouths, or as in this film a person's soul or spirit if you will is removed from them leaving them dead with their essence all that they were being drawn out through their eyes... This film has a sinister character, call him vampiric or prehistoric man, or demon or devil if you will! The idea is not rightly spelled out with this sinister character attacking passengers aboard a rail road passenger train (an idea that appears likewise to be shared to some degree in Guillermo del Toro and Chuck Hogan's "The Strain" with its original vampire character -in this horror TV series- bearing the marks of the devil too, if you will). "Horror Express" stars Peter Cushing, Telly Savalas, and Christopher Lee.
"Captain Kronos - Vampire Hunter" (1974) featuring Caroline Munro (in the starring role as Carla) in this UK film which also starred (Captain Kronos) Horst Janson, (Dr. Marcus) John Carson, (Grost) John Cater; as well as Shane Briant as (Paul Durwood), and others.
"Nosferatu the Vampyre" (1979) "Werner Herzog's Nosferatue, the Vampyre portrayed by Klaus Kinski as Count Dracula a well meaning replica of Max Schreck's vampire in F.W. Murnau's Nosferatu. As well "Shadow of the Vampire" (2000) picked up the gauntlet and went further being inspired by the classic too in its attempt to pay homage to F.W. Murnau's silent horror classic Nosferatu, while including comic elements to the classic. All of which is also outlined above.
A TV film called "Salem's Lot" (1979) was made starring David Soul, who was more popularly known from his TV series "Starsky and Hutch" (1975-1979). This movie was then again remade in (2004) with the same title in (2004) starring Rob Lowe.
"Lifeforce" (1985) film that contained a lot of nudity throughout the film as a female vampire seduces and kisses men to drain out their life force and leaves them dried out like some mummified corpses. This film has different bases for vampire folklore and has them seeded here from another planet coming here on a spaceship. Starred Steven Railsback and Mathilda May.
One of the first popular vampire films of its decade there came out at the theaters a movie called "Lost Boys" in (1987) which quickly became a teen hearttrob film of girls at the time. It starred Corey Haim, Kiefer Sutherland, and Jason Patric.
"Near Dark" (1987) starred both Bill Paxton and Lance Henriksen then in (2009) Lance did another vampire movie that shared a similar plot twist although the film itself with respect to the entirety of the script was different. However, if you've seen "Near Dark" this second film may not hold as much of a novelty as far as the plot twist goes; or vice versa if you've seen "Daybreakers" Lance's second vampire movie before "Near Dark." Both of these actors Bill Paxton and Lance Henriksen have also prominently starred together in the (1986) Sci-fi film "Aliens."
"Bram Stoker's Dracula" (1992). This film is based on the 1897 book. The film starred Keanu Reeves, Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder, and Anthony Hopkins.
"Innocent Blood" (1992) contains brief nudity in a scene in opening of the feature in its theatrical release. The film is what is considered a 'dark comedy' with the female vampire having a moral angle to kill but bad people, and thus her involvement with the mob. This film starred: Anne Parillaud (Marie the vampire), David Proval (Lenny), Robert Luggia (Sal "The Shark"), Rocco Sisto (Gilly), Chazz Palminteri (Tony), Anthony LaPaglia (Joe Gennaro), Don Rickless (Emanuel Bergman), and Christopher Lee (as Count Dracula).
A somewhat more popular of the light hearted vampire films was "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" in (1992), featuring a high school girl who found herself gifted with fighting skills to kill vampires, and its spinoff TV series mentioned above.
"Interview With the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles" (1994) starred Tom Cruise with Brad Pitt, and co-starred actors Antonio Banderas, Kirsten Dunst & Christian Slater. (This film is based on an Anne Rice book as is also the movie "Queen of the Damned" mentioned below).
"Embrace of a Vampire" (1995) a cable TV movie contains some nudity involving a human and her vampire lover with the human girl being played by Alyssa Milano in her most revealing role.
"From Dusk till Dawn" (1996) over the top Quentin Tarantino film story which inspired a sequel film and in 2014 inspired a TV series spinoff. This movie was notably starring Salma Hayek, George Clooney, Cheech Marin, Danny Trejo, Harvey Keitel, and John Saxon. The film opens with some wild foul statements, and outside of Ms. Hayek this movie contains some unattractive nudity in a later scene within the movie and a few less than tasteful guitars being played that are composed of human body parts; so if you get beyond that, you're into the film. This movie now looks tame however; as far as shock effects go, as here described compared to those portrayed in the cable TV series "The Strain."
The "Blade" (1998) and its saga of three films starring Wesley Snipes, one begins to noticeably see a change in the genre of what has been considered the original origins of vampires in popular culture (from that of its original folklore).
"Queen of the Damned" (2002) regarding a queen vampire played by the beautiful and late actress Aaliyah. Part of the film's plot deals with a rockstar vampire named Lestat (Stuart Townsend) whose music wakes up the Queen of the damned. The film is based on Anne Rice novels called "The Vampire Chronicles" with the one bearing the title of this movie was published in 1988. Her writings are also responsible for the film "Interview with the Vampire" and the book by the same title was published in 1976 the first of her vampire book series.
"Underworld" (2003) with its saga of films - are very popular including a story line of wolf Lycans fighting vampires in a well brushed out visuals and CGI effects not completely unlike the "Twilight" saga of films that likewise have the same conflict occurring between rivaling factions of wolves and vampires. Starring Kate Beckinsale as the leding role in this series of movies.
"Van Helsing" (2004) starred Hugh Jackman and Kate Beckinsale (more popularly known in the Sci-fi community for her portrayal of Selene in the "Underworld" saga of films); while this films is said to get a remake starring Tom Cruise.
"30 Days of Night" (2007) film directed by David Slade about an Alaskan town plunged into darkness with the misfortune of there being vampires there and all mayhem breaks out.
"I Am Legend" (2007) film starring Will Smith with a sequel in the works. Original film is called "The Last Man on Earth" starring Vincent Price available in its original B/W release or now in a colorized version as well. A more well known first remake was "Omega Man" starring Charlton Heston, or which inspired "I Am Legend" film that contained vampires as well as dog vampires all of which had slight zombie features too. These films are all from a book by the title of this film outlined here; and none of the films follow what is contained in the last couple of pages of the book. Another interesting point to note in the "Omega Man" film we find Chuck a white gentleman being the last man on earth as he meets his love interest, or passion a black woman (Rosalind Cash) the last woman on earth that has not become infected with the virus as is the rest of humanity. While in the film version of "I Am Legend" Will Smith a black man meets a Latina women, who is the last woman apparently on earth; and they don't really get along very well. There is a DVD of "I Am Legend" which includes an alternative ending version.
Then there are the "Twilight" saga films beginning in (2008) which also featured Native American flashbacks in time as the film deals with what it calls werewolves (but would be technically 'skinwalkers') verses or in conflict with a vampire clan with one of each of them, a vampire (Robert Pattinson) playing Edward Cullen, and Native American changeling (Taylor Lautner) bidding for the hand of a mortal girl Bella Swan (Kristen Stewart). Notably there are other Native American actors in this saga of films besides Lautner with Native ancestry of (Ottawa and Potawatomi tribes, on his mother's side) playing Jacob Black, they -other natives- include Gil Birmingham (Comanche) who played Billy Black, and Julia Jones (Choctaw and Chickasaw) who played Leah Clearwater. A difference in vampires portrayed in these films (and the book series) is that they don't burn up in the sun—their skin sparkles. They live in Washington because it is almost always overcast, so their secret is safe. While this film became a heartthrob film for a new generation of young girl moviegoers like "Lost Boys" was of previous generations it is also a notable film to modern day Generation X and Millennials who are hardcore vampire film buffs.
"Dracula Untold" (2014). Vlad Tepes (Luke Evans) plays a troubled hero in that he becomes a vampire, in his case a blessing and a curse at the same time! You see he undergoes this transformation simply because of his learning that the Sultan is shortly readying for battle and needs to muster to himself an army of 1,000 boys; those he will recruit to himself, whether they want to join or not, while one of those boys would be Vlad's own son. Thus, Vlad vows to find a way, one way or another to protect his family at all cost; as they are all that matter to him! He learns of this mysterious cave where it is said dwells a creature of amidst strength, a vampire who can grant him this same practically invincible strength... and thus he becomes the bloodsucking Dracula destroying all enemies that would stand before him! Directed by Gary Shore, and also starring Dominic Cooper, Sarah Gadon, Charles Dance, as well as Art Parkinson. The film is based on the character in Bram Stoker the novel.
What We Do In the Shadows (2014). Originally a short film made in 2005, the feature film version is a mockumentary that follows a group of vampires, Viago, Vladislav, Deacon and Petyr, living together in Wellington, New Zealand. The film follows the daily lives of these flatmates on the run up to an event called the Unholy Masquerade, a masquerade ball where all of the cities undead (vampires, zombies and witches) come together once a year, and how they're shaken up after modern, reckless vampire Nick joins their flat. Directed by Jemaine Clement and Taika Waititi, this indie originally premiered at Sundance and over the years has gained a firm cult fanbase, getting two spinoffs including the show of the same name, What We Do In The Shadows.
Games
As a well-known and iconic creature type, vampires are central to a variety of games, including board games, role-playing games, and video games.
These include a number of games where vampires are either incidental villains, or the primary villain of the game, as well as games that allow players to play as a vampire. It has been noted that vampires are "supernatural beings with a laundry list of fantastic abilities and a need for feeding on the living, which would presumably give numerous options for a plot". As late as 2014, however, it was lamented that there were not enough video games featuring vampires, with one commentary noting that "Vampires have never lent themselves readily to video games" due to their combination of cerebral and passionate characteristics, which "need something that most video games can't handle at the best of times, great writing".
Board games and card games
The Fury of Dracula is a board game for 2-4 players designed by Stephen Hand and published by Games Workshop in 1987. Fantasy Flight Games released an updated version in 2006 as Fury of Dracula, and a third edition in 2015 by the same name. WizKids Games released a fourth edition in 2019. In the April 1988 edition of Dragon (Issue 132), Jim Bambra liked the first edition of the game, saying, "[It] takes some of the best elements of role-playing games and neatly transposes them into an intriguing and fun board game." Bambra recommended the game, concluding, "Steeped in Gothic atmosphere and tinged with the unexpected, The Fury of Dracula game deserves to be in every gamer’s collection."
Vampire: The Eternal Struggle (published as Jyhad in the first or "Limited" edition and often abbreviated as V:TES) is a multiplayer collectible card game published by White Wolf Publishing, set in the World of Darkness. The game was designed in 1994 by Richard Garfield and initially published by Wizards of the Coast and was the third CCG ever created. As Garfield's first follow-up to his popular Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, he was eager to prove that the genre was "a form of game as potentially diverse as board games". In 1995 the game was renamed from Jyhad to Vampire: The Eternal Struggle to increase its appeal and distance itself from the Islamic term jihad.
Role-playing games
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the vampire is an undead creature. A humanoid or monstrous humanoid creature can become a vampire, and looks as it did in life, with pale skin, haunting red eyes, and a feral cast to its features. A new vampire is created when another vampire drains the life out of a living creature. Its depiction is related to those in 1930s and 1940s Hollywood Dracula and monster movies. In writing vampires into the game, as with other creatures arising in folklore, the authors had to consider what elements arising in more recent popular culture should be incorporated into their description and characteristics.
The vampire was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described simply as powerful undead. They appeared again in the Greyhawk supplement. The vampire later appeared in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where its description was changed somewhat to a chaotic evil, night-prowling creature whose powerful negative force drains life energy from victims.
One popular Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting, Ravenloft, has as a central character a vampire named Strahd Von Zarovich, who is both ruler and prisoner of his own personal domain of Barovia. How Count Von Zarovich became the darklord of Barovia was detailed in the novel, I, Strahd: The Memoirs of a Vampire.
Other role-playing games
The role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade has been influential upon modern vampire fiction and elements of its terminology, such as embrace and sire, appear in contemporary fiction.
GURPS Cabal, a book that features a customizable campaign setting for the GURPS role-playing game system, depicts a modern-day secret society composed of vampires, lycanthropes and sorcerers who study the underlying principles of magic and visit other planes of existence and was integrated into Infinite Worlds, the "default" (core) setting for GURPS's 4th Edition. The Third Edition GURPS supplement Blood Types lists 47 different "species" of vampires describing 30 of them from both folklore and fiction in 23 listings (several are simply different names for the same type of vampire; for example the Burma's Kephn is considered a male version of the Penanggalen)
Shadowrun features vampires whose existence is explained by a resurgence of the Human Meta-Human Vampiric Virus. As such, the afflicted are not undead, but instead are still alive but radically changed by the retrovirus. They normally do not suffer from the supernatural limitations such as crosses, but still are vulnerable to sunlight. In the tabletop wargame Warhammer Fantasy, Vampire Counts are one of the playable forces.
Video games
One of the earliest video games featuring a vampire as the antagonist is The Count, a 1979 text adventure for various platforms, in which local villagers send the player to defeat Count Dracula.
A number of video game developers "have taken inspiration from the vampire myth to create unique gaming experiences that have players hunting down the beasts as well as playing as a member of the undead". Popular video games about vampires include Castlevania, which is an extension of the original Bram Stoker novel Dracula, and Legacy of Kain.
A number of websites have compiled "best of" lists of vampire games, with games frequently mentioned including Castlevania: Symphony of the Night, Darkwatch, Infamous: Festival of Blood, Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver, and Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines.
While most vampire-themed games involve some kind of combat between the player (either fighting vampires, or as a vampire fighting other foes), some games incorporate vampires without including those elements. In particular, The Sims 4 features the game pack, The Sims 4: Vampires, which includes Vampires as a life state, with Gothic-themed objects, outfits, interactions, aspirations, foods, and a Vampire Lore Skill. It is only available for digital download. The pack also features a new neighborhood called Forgotten Hollow which, fitting with the vampiric theme, has longer nighttimes than other neighborhoods. It takes elements from The Sims 2: Nightlife, The Sims 3: Late Night and The Sims 3: Supernatural.
Manga
Japanese anime and manga features vampires in several titles, including JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (1987), Vampire Princess Miyu (OAV 1988, TV series 1997), Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective (1998), Vampire Hunter D (2000), Blood: The Last Vampire (2000), Hellsing (2002), Vampire Host (2004), Tsukihime, Lunar Legend (2003), Tsukuyomi -Moon Phase- (2004), Bleach (2005), Blood+ (2005),Trinity Blood (2005),Vampire Knight,'(2005)'Karin (2006), Black Blood Brothers (2006), Shiki (2007), Rosario + Vampire (2004) and Castlevania:The Animated series.
Music
Artists
Draconian is a doom metal band with issues facing vampires.
The vocalist Kamijo of the Japanese Visual Kei band, Versailles, says his look is influenced by the appearance of a vampire.
Theatres des Vampires is a gothic black metal band fully concentrating on vampire themes.
Vampire Weekend deliberately chose their name to capitalise on the popularity of vampires in popular culture.
Fearless Vampires Killers is an English alternative rock band, which received the name from the 1967 Roman Polanski film The Fearless Vampire Killers
Czech gothic rock group XIII. Stoleti has recorded an album "Nosferatu"
Songs
Marilyn Manson has a song entitled "If I Was Your Vampire." It is the opening track on the band's sixth studio album, "Eat Me, Drink Me," which has several other songs that deal with vampiric themes. The band also has a song called "No Reflection" (from the album "Born Villain") in direct reference to the belief that vampires do not have reflections.
Bonnie Tyler has a song entitled "Total Eclipse of the Heart" which was a huge hit and was originally written as a vampire love song.
Alternative rock band HIM has a song called "Vampire Heart" on their Dark Light album.
Concrete Blonde has a song titled "Bloodletting (The Vampire Song)" on their Bloodletting album.
Darkthrone has a song and album entitled "Transilvanian Hunger".
My Chemical Romance has a song titled "Vampires Will Never Hurt You" on their debut album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love.
Ash has a song entitled "Vampire Love" on their album Meltdown.
Nox Arcana recorded the album Transylvania based on Bram Stoker's Dracula.
The folk band Antsy Pants has a song entitled "Vampire" on their debut album "Antsy Pants".
Xandria plays a song called "Vampire".
Blue Öyster Cult has a song titled "Nosferatu", and another called "I Love the Night", in which the narrator succumbs to a female vampire's seduction and becomes one himself. They are the last two tracks on the original release of the band's Spectres album.
Cuban singer Lissette has a song title "Vampiro" on her 1989 album Maniqui.
Fall out Boy's "A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More "Touch Me"" music video revolves around vampires.
Falling in Reverse has a song entitled "I'm Not A Vampire" on their album "The Drug in Me Is You".
Ice Nine Kills has a song named Bloodbath and Beyond on their album Every Trick In The Book. The song is about Dracula
Playboi Carti’s album “Whole Lotta Red” is heavily vampire-inspired and contains two tracks titled “Vamp Anthem” and “King Vamp”.
The Orion Experience have a song titled "Vampire" on their Sugar Deluxe album.
Vocaloid musician DECO*27 has a song titled on his album MANNEQUIN. The music video depicts Hatsune Miku as a vampire.
Pop Star Olivia Rodrigo has a song titled "Vampire" on her sophomore album "Guts"
Paintings
"The Vampire" (1897) by Philip Burne-Jones depicts an alluring female vampire crouched over a male victim. The model was the famous actress Mrs Patrick Campbell. This femme fatale inspired a poem of the same name (also 1897) by Rudyard Kipling. Like much of Kipling's verse it was incredibly popular, and its inspired many early silent films whose "vampires" were actually "vamps" rather than being supernatural undead blood-suckers. The 1913 film The Vampire features the famous and controversial "Vampire Dance", which takes inspiration from the painting. The poem's refrain: A fool there was . . . , describing a seduced man, became the title of the popular film A Fool There Was (1915) which made Theda Bara a star, and the archetypal cinematic "vamp".
Television
Hellsing (2001–2002)" manga and TV series and the later anime remake "Hellsing Ultimate" (2006–2012): An anime series about a vampire named Alucard. He is the main protagonist in the Hellsing series and the most powerful weapon of the Hellsing Organization which works against vampires and other such supernatural forces. Alucard is no mere vampire; it has been implied that he is the most powerful vampire alive and may be the most powerful character in the series.
Dark Shadows (1966–1971), a gothic horror-themed soap opera featuring vampire Barnabas Collins. This presentation carried over the traditional lore of vampires as creatures of the night who sleep in coffins, cast no reflection and wear black capes. However, the series was one of the first to humanize its vampire, depicting Barnabas Collins as a sympathetic, emotionally conflicted anti-hero.
Star Trek (1966): In the original series episode titled "The Man Trap", there is a creature that lives on a remote planet that Captain Kirk and the away team encounter, which appears to be a female human but is otherwise a hideous chameleon-like creature that can take on human appearance. This creature makes its way aboard their starship, the Enterprise, and kills several crew members. The creature is a pseudo-vampire, as it looks nothing like a vampire but draws others' life force from them by sucking all the salt from their bodies.
Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1972–1975): This was a television series in which Kolchak discovers an overlooked victim from a crime scene, now turned vampire, has made her way from Las Vegas to Los Angeles in episode #4, titled "The Vampire" (1974) which is a sequel of the first of the two TV movies, the series being inspired by "The Night Stalker" movie which also had vampires (a TV movie made in 1972). See List of Kolchak: The Night Stalker episodes. There was a very short-lived remake of this series simply called "Night Stalker" (2005).
The Curse Of Dracula (1979): Count Dracula is alive and well and teaching college in 1979. The series lasted one season and featured flashback memories of Count Dracula, using sepia-tone to show scenes in a different era of time.
Dracula: The Series (1990): This show was a Saturday morning feature with Van Helsing's descendants and vampires.
Forever Knight (1992–1996): A Canadian TV series featuring a vampire known as Det. Nicholas 'Nick' Knight, who works at night and is a detective on the police force. In some episodes of this series, Nick's eyes would change to a silver-white color.
Outer Limits: The New Series (1995): In an episode called "Caught In the Act", a small-town girl encounters a mysterious object that crashes through her ceiling into her bedroom. She is then turned into a lustful girl with a vampiric-type entity inhabiting her which demands sex from everyone she meets, and in the process, then absorbs their energy from them until they die. Will it be any different with her boyfriend, with which they were both previously waiting to have sex until marriage?
Kindred: The Embraced (1996): This series features a conclave of vampires highly organized like a mob.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997): Inspired by the movie of the same title. The vampires in this series are presented as strong but fundamentally 'fragile' walking corpses, vulnerable to sunlight, decapitation, and stakes through the heart, and are clearly established as being demons possessing human corpses rather than humans corrupted by their vampire instincts. The vampire Angel is an exception to this rule, as he was cursed with his soul over a century ago, restoring his capacity for compassion and grief, driving him to seek redemption for his sins in the spin-off series "Angel".
Earth: Final Conflict (1997–2002): In the fifth and final season of this series, there is an episode, in a departure from the current storyline, that replaces the Taelons with the newly born and more aggressive alien race of energy vampires called the Atavus.
Angel (1999): A spinoff of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Unlike most vampires in the Whedonverse, Angel was cursed with a soul. If he was ever to experience a moment of perfect happiness, he would lose the soul and become Angelus, the ruthless and bloodthirsty vampire that he was in the past. Angel seeks redemption for his crimes by helping others who have supernatural problems.
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–2001): Several episodes feature an energy vampire named NOS-4-A2, created by Zurg, who controls machines that he bites.
Blood Ties (2006–2008): Based on the "Blood Books" by Tanya Huff. This series was a supernatural drama that revolved around Vicki Nelson, a former homicide cop now a private investigator, and Henry Fitzroy, a 470-year-old vampire. Together they form a team which solves cases and deals with the supernatural world.
Moonlight (2007–2008): In this TV series, the vampire Mick St. John has a love interest who is a mortal woman.
Blade: The Series (2008): Inspired by the "Blade" saga of films (minus Wesley Snipes in the lead role). Like the movie, Blade is only half-vampire so he can effortlessly walk in the daylight to slay vampires. He is called a "daywalker", since sunlight doesn't bother him in the least.
Being Human (2008–2013): A British television series about a vampire, a werewolf, and a ghost sharing a flat in Bristol. While a lot of vampires give into their nature, drinking blood and killing people without remorse, other vampires in the series feel guilty. These vampires try to give up their blood drinking addiction; however, their true nature usually comes through at some point.
True Blood (2008–2014): A cable TV series about vampires as well as a host of other supernatural beings. This series continues the folklore that vampires cannot walk in the daylight.
The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017): The TV series plot eventually has two brothers biding over the hand of a mortal girl who looks just like a vampire girl they knew generations ago. The vampires have 'daylight rings' made by witches that allow them to walk in the daylight.
In the popular (2010) cartoon TV show Adventure Time, one of the main recurring characters is Marceline the Vampire Queen.
Being Human (2011–2014): An American remake series of the British TV series of the same name. The show included vampires, werewolves, disembodied spirits, and witches.
The Originals (2013–2018): A spinoff of "The Vampire Diaries" TV series, dealing with a family of vampires, a brooding faction between witches of the court of New Orleans and the vampires, as well as some shapeshifter wolves.
Dracula (2013–2014): The mysticism of Count Dracula as a wealthy and seductive force to be reckoned with is further embellished in this drama, telling the story of his character and genius as both an entrepreneur and an inventor, a Tesla of his times. Also, this drama's sub-theme deals with his obsession to permanently walk in sunlight, while seeking a romantic liaison with Mina Murray, who appears to be a doppelganger or reincarnation of his past lover. He carries out his business transactions while hiding from a secret society cult that has sought to destroy all vampires for centuries.
From Dusk till Dawn (2014): A series inspired by the movie of the same name.
Grimm season 3, episode 14 titled “Mommy Dearest” (2014): This show centres around Nick Burkhardt, an American police officer who can see people who have an alternative animal side, which can in some cases be evil. This episode uses a figure taken from Filipino folklore, the Aswang, a creature (someone with an evil side let loose) something like a cross between a vampire and a werewolf, a humanoid shape-shifter that feeds on unborn infants of pregnant women.
American Horror Story: Hotel (2015–2016), the fifth season of the FX anthology series American Horror Story: The season focuses on the fictional Hotel Cortez and its inhabitants, vampire-like creatures that are immortal, feed on blood, and are adverse to sunlight. Countess Elizabeth Johnson is the owner of the titular hotel. Her brood of children is infected with the blood virus, as is her lover Donovan and arch-nemesis Ramona Royale. Throughout the season, references to pop culture vampires, such as Count Orlok, are frequently made.
Vampirina (2017): A Disney Junior original series about Vampirina "Vee" Hauntley moving from Transylvania to Pennsylvania with her family, all of whom are benevolent vampires.
What We Do In The Shadows (2019–present): A spinoff of the 2014 film of the same name, a mockumentary comedy TV show that revolves around three vampires that reside together in Staten Island.
Theatre
First performed at the Limbo Lounge in New York City's East Village in 1984, the play Vampire Lesbians of Sodom became so popular it was moved Off-Broadway in June 1985. It ran five years at the Provincetown Playhouse.
Dance of the Vampires (1997) is a musical from Jim Steinman.
Lestat is a musical from Elton John, based on the novels by Anne Rice
Der Vampyr is an opera, based on the short story The Vampyre (1819) by John Polidori.
Making its off-Broadway debut in the Fall of 2009, THE CURE is based on a rock 'n roll graphic novel, written by Mark Weiser, about two friends who discover the last surviving vampires.
Other vampire references
Many regional vampire myths, or other creatures similar to or related to vampires have appeared in popular culture.
Darkseekers
In the film I Am Legend, a mutated virus turns some humans and dogs into vampiric beings, called "Darkseekers", that prey on unmutated humans and dogs.
Moroi
In the movie Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Count Dracula calls his wolf pet by the names strigoi and moroi.
Mike Mignola's Right Hand of Doom, from the Hellboy series, features a female vampire proclaiming that the vârcolac (singular entity here) is the master of the moroii and strigoi.
Richelle Mead's Vampire Academy series features Moroi as the protagonists and Strigoi as the antagonists.
Penanggalan
Film
Penanggalan aka The Headless Terror, a 1967 film by Tulsi Ramsay, widely dismissed as a hoax
The Witch with Flying Head (Fei taugh mo neuih, literally "Flying Head Devil Woman"), 1977 film by Lian Sing Woo (Though from Hong Kong, bootlegs are usually of the Thai-dubbed version, which also is rescored with Basil Poledouris music from Conan the Barbarian, which debuted several years after this film's first release. Principal photography had to have begun before April 1970, due to the presence of Peter Chen Ho, who died April 16, 1970.)
Mystics in Bali, (Leák), 1983 film by H. Tjut Djalil., from the novel by Putra Mada
Krasue, 2002 film by Bin Bunluerit
Gong Tau; both Penanggalan and Mystics in Bali feature actor W. D. Mochtar as the priest who fights the Penanggalan. Both The Witch with Flying Head and Mystics in Bali depict an innocent transformed into a penanggalan against her will. In the former film, there is an effort to save her, and her attempt at suicide upon learning her condition is thwarted. In the latter film, she is considered irredeemable, and her neck is spiked to destroy her. Both characters are monstrous only at night and unaware of their nocturnal behavior until informed.
Print media
The Dragon Warriors pen and paper RPG features a monster called the Death's Head, with a similar modus operandi to the Penanggalan, although the detached head has tiny wings and a horn.
The penanggalan may be found described as a Dungeons & Dragons monster in the Fiend Folio (TSR, Inc., 1981). The vargouille is similar to the penanggalan in that both are vampire-like creatures in the form of a flying, detached head.
A more recent Dungeons & Dragons penanggalan appears in the Oriental Adventures setting. Even more recent Dungeons & Dragons penanggalan appears in the Monster Vault: Threats to the Nentir Vale supplement.
The penanggalan may be found described as an example of a vampire as well as the Kephn (a male counterpart from Burma) in the GURPS third edition supplement GURPS Blood Types (Steve Jackson Games, 1995)
The short Guro fetish/comedy manga story "Head Prolapse Elegy" by Shintaro Kago revolves around the travails of a penanggalan who desires a normal love life with a man but is constantly thwarted by her condition.
Wizard Entertainment)'s Hellboy Premier Edition features a story by Mike Mignola, "The Penanggalan" (later collected in the Premier Edition Volume 1 and Hellboy: The Troll Witch and Others), wherein Hellboy battles a penanggalan.
The first book of the Malay Mysteries, Garlands of Moonlight, revolves around a penanggalan.
The Eastern-inspired RPG Legend of the Five Rings features penanggalans, although there they are named penaggolans.
A penanggalan appears in Christopher Golden & Nancy Holder's 1999 book Out Of The Madhouse, Volume 1 of The Gatekeeper Trilogy.
Other
Anime-based website Gaia Online has a penanggalan as a companion or a self pose in the "Nightmare" evolving item.
Although the indie horror game Eyes was originally released featuring the ghost of a beautiful woman as the monster that hunts the player, it was eventually updated to replace the somewhat unscary creature with a penanggalan, who otherwise functions identically to the original, killing the player the instant it comes in contact with them.
Shtriga
The TV series Supernatural features a shtriga in the season 1 episode "Something Wicked". In a homage to The Simpsons, the shtriga in 'Supernatural' was said to have moved through Brockway, Ogdenville, and North Haverbrook, the same towns taken in by the monorail conman in the episode Marge vs. the Monorail.
Shtrigas also appear in Andrzej Sapkowski's The Witcher short stories and saga.
Strigoi
Books
In The Last Apprentice (different name: Spook's or Wardstone Chronicles) series written by Joseph Delaney. In the 10th book in the series, the main character master is placed under the control of a "Strigoi" and "Strigoica".
Strigoi play a major role in James Rollins and Rebecca Cantrell's series, The Order of the Sanguines: City of Screams (2012), The Blood Gospel (2013), Innocent Blood (2013), Blood Brothers (2013), and Blood Infernal (2015).
The term is used to describe vampires in general in the book series The Hunt by Susan Sizemore.
The Strigoi play a central role in Graham Masterton's 2006 book, The Descendant.
Richelle Mead's Vampire Academy novels features Strigoi as villains.
The Strigoi play a central role in Dan Simmon's 1992 book, Children of the Night.
A Strigoi appears in "Philologos; or, A Murder in Bistritia" by Debra Doyle and James D. Macdonald in the February 2008 Fantasy and Science Fiction
In the Guardians of Ga' Hoole book series, an evil owl whose ancestors were witch owls called hagsfiends renames herself the Striga after her escape from the Qui' Dragon Palace.
Guillermo del Toro's 2009 book The Strain references vampires as strigoi.
Strigoi is the preferred name of vampires in Susan Krinard's Roaring Twenties series.
Mike Mignola's Right Hand of Doom from the Hellboy comic series features a female vampire proclaiming that the vârcolac (singular entity here) is the master of the moroii and strigoi.
In The Silmarillion by J.R.R Tolkien, vampires are mentioned. However, only one, Thuringwethil, is described. She is the messenger of the evil Valar Morgoth, and is a bat-like creature. During The Tale of Beren and Lúthien, another servant of Morgoth, Sauron, takes the form of a vampire.
In Yankel Krümmel's Matrice Granit, the story of Gregorius the Strigoi is told.
Games
In the 2008 adventure video game A Vampyre Story, one of the more prominent characters is named Madam Strigoi and, although she is not herself a vampyre (as far as is known), she has great insight into vampires.
The video game Ace Combat 6 features an elite enemy fighter squadron called "Strigon Team" formally known as the "Vampire Team", whose insignia and paint scheme contains death motifs and whose commander flies an experimental aircraft named "Nosferatu".
The Underground adventure game Ben Jordan: Case 3 features a Strigoi who goes by the name of Zortherus.
In the Disgaea video game series, there is a class of vampires called Strigoi.
In the Shin Megami Tensei franchise, the Strigoi is a recurring enemy demon.
In the 2008 video game Soul Calibur 4, the French fencer (and vampire) Raphael Sorel has a move called the Strigoi Envelopment.
The 2007 video game The Witcher, based on the novels by Andrzej Sapkowski, features a vampiric female creature known as a striga.
The Sixth Edition of the Warhammer Fantasy Battle game gives the name Strigoi to a bloodline of monstrous vampires, similar to Count Orlok.
In Dark Arisen, the 2013 expansion and re-release of the game Dragon's Dogma, Strigoi are encountered as enemies after the defeat of the main boss. They look like large, blood-red gargoyles and attack by draining blood from the Arisen and their pawns using their tail.
One of the playable heroes in Popular Warcraft Custom Map Defense of the Ancients, Strygwygr the Bloodseeker is based on Poltergeist, a variant of vampire.
Movies
One of the villains in the 30 Days of Night (2007) film is listed as "Strigoi" in the end credits.
In the film Bloodstone: Subspecies II (1993), some of the characters refer to vampires as "strigoi".
In the Dracula 2000 movie, Count Dracula calls his wolf pet by the names of "strigoi" and "moroi".
The 2009 film Strigoi involves vampires in Romania, which are referred to as "strigoi".
Music
The term is used in a song from the black metal band Dark Funeral called "Ravenna Strigoi Mortii" on the album Vobiscum Satanas.
Italian musician Lord Vampyr, famous for being the former vocalist of the gothic metal band Theatres des Vampires, has a song named "Strigoi" on his second solo studio album, Carpathian Tragedies (2009).
German power metal band Powerwolf has a song called "Armata Strigoi" on the album Blessed & Possessed (2015).
Television
A group of strigoi appeared in the episode "Bite Father, Bite Son" in the animated series American Dragon: Jake Long.
Strigoi are the featured enemy in the 1999 episode "Darkness Visible" of the show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.
The strigoi was featured in the Animal Planet TV series Lost Tapes.
In the ABC television series Scariest Places on Earth, strigoi are discussed in an episode called "Return to Romania Dare." The episode originally aired on April 21, 2002.
The vampires in the 2014 television series The Strain are referred to as strigoi by the character Abraham.
In "Earth Final Conflict" (1997–2002), energy vampires as such are called the Atavus. They are not the traditional style vampires of folklore.
In the TV series "Vampire Dairies" and "The Originals" the vampires have what are called 'daylight rings' made by witches allowing them to walk in daylight. There is even one ring made that allows the user any mortal to bet death if killed. (Even the werewolves in "The Originals" series were seeking to get 'moonlight rings' to keep them all from turning into wolves when they do not want to).
Strix
The Stirge was presented as a popular monster in Dungeons & Dragons. In the game, it took the form of a many-legged flying creature which sucked the blood from its victims through a sharp, tubular beak.
A version of the striga makes an appearance in The Witcher video game based on the works of Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski. As a demonic undead creature, which transforms from the corpse of a dead child conceived via incest, striga in the Witcher's universe does not look like insects or vampires but looks similar to a ghoul with a muscular quadrupedal body, big claws, and a fang-filled mouth.
The strix make an appearance in the Vampire: The Requiem historical book Requiem for Rome. In contrast to the more traditional vampires presented in the line, the strix are disembodied spirits who commonly take the shape of owls and can possess both humans and torpored vampires. It is rumored that the strix restored Remus to undeath, and corrupted a sixth clan of vampires who were destroyed en masse. The strix believed themselves to be betrayed by the vampires of Rome, especially those of the Julii clan, and swore to bring about their ruin. They reappear in Night Horrors: Wicked Dead as heralds of disaster, mainly unbound by their former oath (although they still occasionally pursue such activities for personal reasons). Immensely amoral libertines, they view vampires clinging to humanity as weak, and as such will often serve as tempters in order to make them lose themselves to the Beast.
Strix are also described in the GURPS third edition Sourcebook for Vampires Blood Types. They are described as witches who, having made pacts with dark entities, gained the ability to become blood-drinking birds at night. What their pacts with these dark forces require of them is not described.
Wurdulac
Mario Bava's 1963 anthology film Black Sabbath includes one segment about the wurdulac based on Tolstoy's story and starring Boris Karloff.
A wurdulac is also the subject of Monster in My Pocket #116.
In 1972, the Italian/Spanish film called La Notte dei Diavoli (Night of the Devils) was also based on Tolstoy's story.
The character of Stefan (portrayed by Adam Croasdell) in the 2012 film Werewolf: The Beast Among Us was a wurdulac.
See also
List of fictional vampires
References
Christopher Frayling (1992) Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula (1992)
Freeland, Cynthia A. (2000) The Naked and the Undead: Evil and the Appeal of Horror. Westview Press.
Holte, James Craig. (1997) Dracula in the Dark: The Dracula Film Adaptations. Greenwood Press.
Leatherdale, C. (1993) Dracula: The Novel and the Legend. Desert Island Books.
Melton, J. Gordon. (1999) The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead. Visible Ink Press.
External links
Reviews of vampire films at The Film Walrus
List of unusual vampire movies at Oddfilms.com.
Comparison of Vampire Myths in Popular Fiction |
Ayatollah Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Faraz () (also known as "Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Esfahani"), is an Iranian Twelver Shia ayatollah who was born in 1944 in Isfahan among a religious family. This Shia cleric is a member of Assembly of Experts (from Hamedan province) since February 2016.
Mousavi Faraz's father was "Seyyed-Akbar Havaei" who was a draper. Seyyed Mostafa went to Hawzah; meanwhile, his father used to encourage him a lot to go to Hawzah, too. He commenced his Seminary education before finishing his elementary-school at the age of 14. He studied for 3 years in Isfahan Hawzah. Later on, he went to Qom seminary.
Teachers
Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi-Fard had applied diverse teachers/scholars during his education period; amongst:
Abdul-Ali Arab
Mostafa Beheshti
Morteza Haeri
Makarem Shirazi
Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani
Jawad Tabrizi
Etc.
See also
List of members of Experts Assembly
List of Ayatollahs
References
1944 births
Iranian ayatollahs
Members of the Assembly of Experts
Shia clerics from Isfahan
Living people |
Proposition 53 was a California ballot proposition on the November 8, 2016 ballot. It would have required voter approval for issuing revenue bonds exceeding $2 billion.
Arguments in favor of the measure stated that it would require politicians to provide estimates of how much a project would cost, as well as give voters a say before taking on large debt. The measure followed similar practice as with general obligation bonds, which currently require voter approval before the state can use them to pay for a project. Arguments against the measure stated that it would negatively impact local control over projects by allowing statewide votes on smaller community projects. Additionally, the term project was not defined and it was unclear which projects might be affected by the measure. Cities, counties, schools districts, and community college districts were specifically excluded from the measure’s definition of “state”. However, the California Legislative Analyst's Office warned that local governments sometimes partner with the state government to get lower interest rates on government bonds, which could have required statewide voter approval of local projects under the measure.
It was unlikely that many projects would have been affected by the measure, though it could have affected large-scale projects such as California High-Speed Rail and California Water Fix and Eco Restore.
Proponents spent $4.6 million fighting for the measure, all of it from California Delta farmer Dino Cortopassi and his wife. Cortopassi has been an outspoken critic of the planned Water Fix tunnels underneath the delta.
Opponents spent $10.9 million fighting against the measure, with the top donor being $4.1 million from Governor Jerry Brown’s 2014 campaign funds. Other top opposition donors included the California Democratic Party, a labor coalition, venture capitalist John Doerr, and the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians.
The measure was opposed by the editorial boards of the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and The Sacramento Bee. Firefighters opposed the measure, warning that there was no exemption for disaster funding. Cities and local water districts were also opposed.
References
External links
Yes on Proposition 53
No on Proposition 53
2016 California ballot propositions
Bonds (finance)
Failed amendments to the Constitution of California |
Pennsylvania Lines LLC was a limited liability company that owned railroad lines in the United States that are owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway. The company was formed in 1998 to own Conrail lines assigned to Norfolk Southern in the split of Conrail between Norfolk Southern and CSX Transportation; operations were switched over on June 1, 1999. The company is named after the old Pennsylvania Railroad, whose old main line was a line of the new company. In November, 2003, the Surface Transportation Board approved a plan allowing Norfolk Southern to fully absorb Pennsylvania Lines LLC, which was done on August 27, 2004.
See also
New York Central Lines LLC
References
Surface Transportation Board, Docket FD_33388_0, CSX Corporation and CSX Transportation, Inc., Norfolk Southern Corporation and Norfolk Southern Railway Company--control and operating leases/agreements--Conrail Inc. and Consolidated Rail Corporation, July 23, 1998
Petition for Supplemental Order - detailing the absorption of Pennsylvania Lines, LLC by Norfolk Southern
Predecessors of the Norfolk Southern Railway
Pennsylvania Railroad
Conrail
Railway companies established in 1998
Railway companies disestablished in 2004 |
Luciana "Lucy" Fato (born 1966) is an American corporate attorney. She has been general counsel at AIG since October 2017.
Prior to joining AIG, her positions included nine years as deputy general counsel at Marsh & McLennan Companies, and a year as general counsel at McGraw Hill Financial (now S&P Global) settling high-profile securities-ratings lawsuits against Standard & Poor's Ratings Services from the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and numerous state attorneys general.
Early life and education
Fato was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1966. She attended The Ellis School in Pittsburgh, graduating in 1984.
She received a BA in business and economics from the University of Pittsburgh in 1988, and a JD from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1991.
Career
Davis Polk & Wardwell
Fato began her legal career in 1991 at the law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell in New York City. In 2000 she was elected a corporate partner in the capital markets department of the firm. She advised multinational companies on a range of corporate matters, and gained an increasing reputation as a problem solver capable of resolving high-profile government lawsuits.
Marsh & McLennan Companies
In September 2005, Fato was hired by Marsh & McLennan Companies (MMC) as Deputy General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. She was heavily involved in the sale of two former Marsh & McLennan businesses: Putnam Investments in 2007, and the Kroll corporate-intelligence unit in 2010. In addition, she helped reshape MMC's global legal department, overhauled the company's governance practices, and reduced legal operations expenses by more than 50%.
McGraw Hill Financial
In August 2014, Fato became executive vice president and general counsel of McGraw Hill Financial, whose brands included Standard & Poor's (S&P). At the time, S&P was dealing with several high-profile government lawsuits concerning its ratings of mortgage-backed securities prior to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Fato immediately employed her skills in relationship-building and conciliation to resolve the lawsuits; on the morning of her first day as general counsel she phoned several government lawyers. Within six months she negotiated favorable global settlements with the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and 22 state attorneys general.
She left McGraw Hill Financial in October 2015.
Nardello
In October 2016, Fato joined the global private investigative firm Nardello & Co, headquartered in New York, where she served in multiple roles, including managing director, head of the Americas, and global general counsel. During her time at Nardello she was credited with growing the firm's network and global culture of teamwork. When she left the firm in October 2017 she remained on Nardello's newly formed advisory board, to help guide it in its next phase of growth.
AIG
In October 2017, Fato became executive vice president and general counsel of AIG, succeeding Peter Solmssen. She was appointed by the new CEO of AIG, Brian Duperreault, who had been the CEO of Marsh & McLennan Companies during her tenure there. She was also AIG's interim head of human resources from October 2018 through July 2019.
At AIG, her duties as general counsel include overseeing global legal, compliance, and regulatory matters. She is also part of the company's executive leadership team and participates in all strategic and policy decisions regarding AIG's operations. In addition to overseeing legal, compliance, and regulatory matters for AIG, in 2021, she was tasked with responsibility for its government and public affairs, as well as communications. She reported directly to Duperreault, who was succeeded by chairman Peter Zaffino in January 2022.
Board memberships
In 2018 Fato was appointed for a three-year term to the New York State Insurance Advisory Board. She is also on the board of directors of the Life Insurance Council of New York.
She is on the advisory board of Nardello & Co., and is a cybersecurity group member of the Aspen Institute.
She is on the boards of directors of the Coalition for the Homeless and Advocates for Children of New York. She is also on the board of trustees of the Randall's Island Park Alliance and is a member of its executive committee.
Awards and honors
In 2009, Fato was inducted into the YWCA-NYC Academy of Women Leaders.
She was named one of Ethisphere Magazine'''s "Attorneys Who Matter" in 2015 and 2017. In 2017, the New York County Lawyers Association honored her as one of its Outstanding Women in the Legal Profession.
In 2018 and 2019 she was named by the National Association of Corporate Directors' NACD Directorship magazine as one of the Directorship 100, which recognizes the most influential people in corporate boardrooms. In 2019 she was named one of Crain's New York'''s Notable Women in Law, and she was one of three recipients of Legal Momentum's 19th annual Aiming High awards.
References
Living people
1966 births
Corporate lawyers
Lawyers from Pittsburgh
Lawyers from New York City
21st-century American lawyers
Davis Polk & Wardwell lawyers
American International Group people
The Ellis School alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
University of Pittsburgh School of Law alumni
21st-century American women lawyers |
Steven Richard Erickson (born August 14, 1961) is an American sailor and Olympic champion in the Star class. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and won a gold medal in the Star together with William Earl Buchan.
Career
Olympic sailing in the Star class
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and just finished with studies at University of Washington, Erickson won the gold medal in the Star event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Steve Erickson continued in the Star class and won the Star World Championship two times: in 1985 with William Earl Buchan; and, in 1988 with Paul Cayard.
America's Cup and Whitbread Round the World Race
Erickson's first America's Cup was with Tom Blackaller, on the 12 Metre US 61 USA R-1 from San Francisco. He served as the mainsail trimmer during the 1987 America's Cup in Perth, Western Australia.
At the 1992 America's Cup, Erickson was one of the coaches for the Il Moro Challenge.
At the 1995 America's Cup, Erickson was a trimmer on board Dennis Conner Stars & Stripes.
Erickson won the 1997–98 Whitbread Round the World Race as part of the EF Language crew, before joining Luna Rossa as their coach for the 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup, which they won. He was a member of the boat's afterguard during the 2003 Louis Vuitton Cup, before working as their operations manager at the 2007 and 2013 Louis Vuitton Cups. Erickson also spent time with the 2007 Ben Ainslie Team Origin.
Star class again
Erickson, together Mark Reynolds, tried to qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics.
In 2009, Erickson won the Star North American Championship in Westport crewing for Andy Horton.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
American male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Star
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in sailing
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
1995 America's Cup sailors
Il Moro Challenge sailors
Luna Rossa Challenge sailors
2003 America's Cup sailors
Star class world champions
World champions in sailing for the United States
1992 America's Cup sailors |
Savage is the debut album by American singer-songwriter Moxiie. The album was released on December 19, 2012, under the independent label RattleBrain Production LLC. The album was distributed for Digital Download.
Background
The album was recording during the 2012. In this album Moxiie worked with producer like Fredro who produced songs for Sugababes, Shontelle, Wonder Girls, Sinéad O'Connor, Christina Milian who also is the owner of the RattleBrain Productions LLC, label who distributed the album, REO who produced "Hello" by Beyoncé for her album I Am... Sasha Fierce, Peter Wade who worked with Jennifer Lopez and many more. All the lyrics were written by Moxiie. The artwork of the album were designed by Great Eclectic.
Critical reception
Buzzworthy.mtv.com said "Moxiie returned at the tail end of 2012 with her newest release, Savage – a collection of feisty, in-your-face pop anthems. "Lay Down Your Crown," the final offering from the set, sees Moxiie coming for wigs... and crowns."
OhMyRock.com said "Savage is pop that reminds us of a more commercial Charli XCX meets Natalia Kills."
JonAlisBlog.com said about Moxiie's debut album "(...) Aggressive pop jam with heavy synths, infectious hard hitting claps and sickening melody."
TheProphetBlog.net said "Like a more top-forty-friendly Santigold, Moxiie's mixed twisted tribal beats, big fat bass, and gory synths to create the Jungle Pop sound. To put it simply: Jungle Pop is about as fresh as pop music gets."
Track listing
Personnel
Moxiie – vocal, lyricist, producer, background vocals
Fredro – producer, mixer, composer, arranger
REO – producer, mixer, composer, arranger
Steff Reed – producer, mixer, composer, arranger
The SupaSonics – producers, composers, arrangers
Charley Hustle – producer, composer, lyricist, mixer, arranger
Cannon – lyricist, background vocals
Chi Salaam – producer, composer, mixer, arranger
Kris Kasanova – lyricist, vocal, featured artist
Nerve of The SupaSonic – lyricist
GC Castillo – guitarist
Great Eclectic – artwork
References
Pop albums by American artists
2012 debut albums |
East Mayo was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1922.
Prior to the 1885 general election the area was part of the Mayo constituency. From 1922, on the establishment of the Irish Free State, it was not represented in the UK Parliament.
Boundaries
This constituency comprised the eastern part of County Mayo.
1885–1922: That part of the barony of Costello not contained within the constituency of South Mayo and that part of the barony of Gallen not contained within the constituency of North Mayo.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 1880s
Elections in the 1890s
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1910s
References
Westminster constituencies in County Mayo (historic)
Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1922 |
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Cav1.4 also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit (CACNA1F), is a human gene.
This gene encodes a member of the alpha-1 subunit family; a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The alpha-1 subunit has 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. There are multiple isoforms of each of the proteins in the complex, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of the gene described here have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause incomplete X-linked congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2).
See also
Calcium channel
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Congenital Stationary Night Blindness
Ion channels |
Nohana Airport is an airstrip serving the village of Nohana/Kitane in Mohale's Hoek District, Lesotho.
See also
Transport in Lesotho
List of airports in Lesotho
References
External links
Nohanas
HERE Maps - Nohana
OpenStreetMap - Nohanas
OurAirports - Nohanas
Airports in Lesotho |
Eskişehir Basket was a professional basketball team based in the city of Eskişehir in Turkey. Their home arena was the Anadolu Üniversitesi Sport Hall with a capacity of 5,000 seats. Founded in 2006, the club played in the highest tier Basketbol Süper Ligi for seven seasons. It also played in Europe for one season, in the 2011–12 EuroChallenge. In July 2018, the club withdrew from the BSL and ceased its basketball activities.
History
The team was founded in 2006 and played first 2 seasons in Regional League and promoted to Second League in 2008. Olin Gençlik finished Turkish Basketball League (TBL) as 5th in 2008-2009 season. Olin Gençlik finally promoted to Turkish Basketball League in 2009-10 season finished play-offs as 2nd behind of Medical Park Trabzonspor.
Olin Gençlik renamed its name as Olin Edirne Basket before start of 2010-11 season. It gives very sound away victories against Galatasaray (70-63) and Beşiktaş (93-83) in debut season. Olin Edirne finished Turkish Basketball League as 7th in 2010-2011 season and qualify for play Eurochallenge.
Olin Edirne Basket have not got a good season in 2012-13. They played Eurochallenge and Olin eliminated at the Group Stages.
Olin Edirne finished the 2012–13 season on the 14th spot and managed to stay in the league.
Olin Edirne started the 2013–14 season with new coach Cem Akdağ. The team has a record of 4 wins and 6 losses and is ranked at the 10th spot after 10 games in the competition. The team leader is Darius Washington, who is also the top scorer of the Turkish League. Greek forward Christos Tapoutos and American Center Torin Francis are having both an excellent season with double figures in points per game.
Olin Edirne moved to Eskişehir in 2014, because Olin does not support to Edirne Basket anymore. The team opens new season in Eskişehir as Eskişehir Basket. In 2014–15 the team was relegated to the Turkish Basketball League (TBL).
In the 2017–18 season, Eskişehir finished seventh in the BSL, thus qualifying for the next season's Basketball Champions League. On 13 July 2018, Eskişehir withdrew from the upcoming BSL and Basketball Champions League seasons.
Season by season
Players
Notable players
References
External links
Official Website
TBLStat.net Profile
Defunct basketball teams in Turkey
Turkish Basketball Super League teams
Sport in Eskişehir
Basketball teams established in 2008
Basketball teams disestablished in 2018 |
Theerthapura Nanjundaiah Srikantaiah () (26 November 1906 – 7 September 1966) commonly known as 'Thee. Nam. Shree. (ತೀ. ನಂ. ಶ್ರೀ.), was a Kannada poet, essayist, editor, translator, linguist and teacher. He was awarded the Pampa Prashasthi for his work on the history and tradition of Indian poetics spanning two millennia titled Bharathiya Kavyamimamse. T. N. Srikantaiah was instrumental in preparing and publishing the Kannada version of Constitution of India in 1952. He is credited with the use of the vernacular equivalent of Rashtrapathi for the English 'President', a usage which is still in vogue. Srikantaiah was responsible for guiding the doctoral theses of Kannada litterateurs like S. Anantanarayan and M. Chidananda Murthy. An active participant in the Kannada Dictionary Project, Srikantaiah later laid the foundations for the Post Graduate Department at Manasa Gangotri campus at University of Mysore.
Early years
Srikantaiah was born in Theerthapura village in Tumkur district to parents Shanbog Nanjundaiah and Baluvaneeralina Bhagirathamma. He had his preliminary schooling at the local government school. Srikantaiah assumed the pen name of Bharathi Dasa under which he wrote articles for the School Folk magazine. His mother Baluvaneeralina Bhagirathamma died when he was nine years of age.
Education
Srikantaiah began his studies in his native village of Theerthapura in 1916 and attended middle school in Chikkanayakanalli, which was not far from his village. Three years hence he was admitted to the Govt. Collegiate High School at Tumkur. By 1926, T. N. Srikantaiah had completed his B. A. in Kannada. Nalwadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar had awarded him six gold medals at the convocation. As the M. A. qualification was not yet available in Kannada, Srikantaiah pursued his M. A. in English and secured first rank for the university (1929). While studying for his M. A., Srikantaiah had also cleared his civil service exams (MCS) by 1928. This qualification along with a M. A. degree helped him secure an employment at the Revenue offices in Srirangapatna. by 1930, B. M. Srikantaiah had founded the M. A. course in Kannada and T. N. Srikantaiah took the course. He passed his M. A. in Kannada in 1931 and was awarded three gold medals. About two decades hence, by 1955, Srikantaiah was granted the Rockefeller Scholarship which enabled him to visit the United States for a year to do research at Michigan University, Pennsylvania.
Academician
T. N. Srikantaiah began his teaching career at Maharaja College, Mysore. B. M. Srikantaiah and T. S. Venkannayya persuaded T. N. Srikantaiah to join the Kannada department at the college. By 1943, T. N. Srikantaiah was promoted as associate professor at Central College, Bangalore. Till 1950, Srikantaiah was associated with Kannada Dictionary project along with A. R. Krishnasastry. For two years between 1948 – 50, Srikantaiah was associated with Mysore Samvidhana Parishat. From 1950 – 52, Srikantaiah taught at colleges in Kolar and Davangere districts of Karnataka. Dharwad Karnataka University had just founded the Kannada department in 1952 and invited T. N. Srikantaiah to be its first Kannada professor. While at Dharwad, Srikantaiah was in close correspondence with his peers at Deccan College, Pune. For eight months between 1955 – 56, Srikantaiah did research at the Michigan University, Pennsylvania before returning to University of Mysore in 1957.
Works
T. N. Srikantaiah's first published work was a collection of his poems in Kannada titled Olume. A collection of thirteen essays came out in 1963 under the title of Nantaru. T. N. Srikantaiah's first foray into translation was a Kannada translation of select passages from Amara Shataka (originally in Sanskrit) titled Bidi Muthu which was published in 1970. Srikantaiah, at the behest of T. S. Venkannayya wrote Rakshasana Mudrike, which was a Kannada version of the popular Sanskrit play Mudrarakshasa authored originally by Vishakadatta in 3rd century B. C. Srikantaiah's work on Kannada grammar titled Kannada Madhyama Vyakarana was first published in 1939 and was a standard text book on grammar.
Bharatiya Kavya Mimamse
His critically acclaimed work Bharatiya Kavya Mimamse () was about Indian poetics across millennia. It was a detailed analysis of the relationship between 11th century Alankara poetry (Figure of speech) and various Indian prose & poetic styles. T. N. Srikantaiah's book delved deep into the tradition of Kavyalankara and related classical texts and asserts that Rasa-Dhvani principles are an integral part of this comparison between different streams of poetry. This seminal work was brought forth under the guidance of M. Hiriyanna and B. M. Srikantaiah at Mysore. Bharathiya Kavya Mimamse became the second work to receive the prestigious Pampa Prashasthi in Karnataka.
Editorial works
Hennu Makkala Padagalu
Hariharakaviya Nambiyannana Ragale
Gadāyuddha Saṅgrahaṃ: Kāvyabhāga Mattu Tippaṇigalu
Collected works
Pampa
Kāvya samīkṣe
Samalokana
Kavyanubhava
Imagination in Indian Poetics and other literary studies
Nantaru
Tī. Naṃ. Śrī. śēṣa-viśēṣa
Tī. Naṃ. Śrī samagra gadya
Affricates in Kannada speech and other linguistic papers
Translations
Bidi Muthu
Rakshasana Mudrike
Poetry
Olume
Indian Poetics
Grammar
Kannada Madhyama Vyakarana
Guide for Doctoral Theses
S. Anantanarayan's Hosagannadada Sahityada Mele Paschatya Kavyada Prabhava
M. Chidanandamurthy's Kannada Shasanagala Samskruthika Adhyayana
M. R. Ranganatha's Morphophonemic Analysis of the Kannada Language – Relative Frequency of Phonemes and Morphemes in Kannada
Recognition
T. N. Srikantaiah's suggestion for the use of the vernacular word Rashtrapathi in place of the English word President was welcomed and adopted into vogue at the Indian Constitutional Committee meeting in 1949. Srikantaiah was granted the Rockefeller Scholarship which enabled him to visit the United States for a year to do research at Michigan University, Pennsylvania in 1955. T. N. Srikantaiah presided over the Sahitya Sammelana Bhasha Bandavya Ghosti (Literary Festival) in 1943. In 1957, he chaired the Dravida Samskruthi Ghosti (South Indian Literary Conference). Srikantaiah was secretary of the Summer School of Linguistics, Mysore from 1958 – 60. In 1960, he was appointed as secretary of The All India Linguists' Association. T. N. Srikantaiah had the honour of being the first Kannada Professor in the Kannada Department at Karnatak University, Dharwad. His work Bharathiya Kavya Mimamse became the second work to receive the prestigious Pampa Prashasthi in Karnataka. The Department of Kannada and the Ti Nam Sri Birth Centenary Committee initiated a year long celebration of Srikantaiah's life in 2006 to commemorate his birth centenary. This was done in coordination with a number of educational institutions including the Central Institute of Indian Languages – Mysore, Deccan College – Pune and the Central Sahitya Academy – New Delhi. South End Circle in Jayanagar, Bangalore has a statue of T. N. Srikantaiah and has been named after him.
Later years
T. N. Srikantaiah retired in 1962 after 34 years of service. Following his retirement, he was made a UGC Professor at the University of Mysore. He was invited to be an adjunct professor at Delhi University. He declined it owing to many ongoing commitments. While on a tour of North India, T. N. Srikantaiah succumbed to a heart attack on 7 September 1966 at Calcutta (present day Kolkata), India.
External links
T. N. Srikantaiah – Official Webpage
Bibliography
Chidanandamurthy, M.; Sri Nagabhushana (1976). Śrīkaṇṭhatīrtha: Tī. Naṃ. Śrī. Smārakagrantha (1st ed.) – Ti. Naṃ. Śrīkaṇṭhayya's Festschrift. pp 20–110
Javare Gowda, D; Chaluve Gowda; Bhairavamurty (2006). Śrīkaṇṭha Darśana (1st ed.) – Commemoration volume on Ti. Naṃ. Śrīkaṇṭhayya, 1906–1966. ppXIV – XXV
Murthy Rao, A. N. (1988). Samagra Lalita Prabandhagalu. (1st ed.) – Complete Collection of Essays. pp 36 – 42
Murthy Rao, A. N. B. M. Srikantaiah (1st ed.) – Biography. pp XII
Sanna Guddayya, H. G. Ti Nam Srikantaiah – Jeevana, Vyakthithva Mathu Kruthigala Sameekshe – Biography of T. N. Srikantaiah. pp 200
Akkamahadevi (Editor) (2020). Ranna Gadāyuddham – The Duel of the Maces. Published by Manohar – United Kingdom. pp 36
Amur, G. S. (2001). Essays on Modern Kannada Literature. Karnāṭaka Sāhitya Akāḍemi. pp 59, 60.
Sinhā, Madhubālā (2009). Encyclopaedia of South Indian Literature – Volume 2. Anmol Publications. pp 259
C. Panduranga Bhatta, G. John Samuel, Shu Hikosaka, M. S. Nagarajan (1997). Contribution of Karnāṭaka to Sanskrit. Institute of Asian Studies (Madras, India). pp 17
The Indian P.E.N. – Volume 33. P.E.N. All-India Centre, Bombay. (1967) pp 16, 17.
Nāyaka, Harōgadde Mānappa; Translators: M. Rama Rao, Subōdha Rāmarāya (1967). Kannada Literature – A Decade. Published by Rao and Raghavan. pp 74, 79
Balakrishnan, Raja Gopal (Editor)(1994). The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed – Studies in the History and Culture. Mythic Society (Bangalore, India) pp 399.
References
Kannada-language writers
Kannada poets
Hindu poets
Indian literary critics
1906 births
1966 deaths
People from Tumkur district
University of Mysore alumni
Academic staff of the University of Mysore
20th-century Indian poets
Indian male poets
Poets from Karnataka
20th-century Indian male writers |
Santa Cruz Acatepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 14.03 km2.
It is part of the Teotitlán District in the north of the Cañada Region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 1,301.
References
Municipalities of Oaxaca |
Events
February events
February 11 — The Atchison and Topeka Railroad Company, forerunner of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, is chartered in Kansas.
February 13 — Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad completes construction of its line across Missouri to connect its namesake cities.
March events
March 3 — Construction begins on the first railway in northern India as tracks are laid between the present day locations of Allahabad and Kanpur.
March 15 – While under lease to Bristol and Exeter Railway, the Somerset Central Railway is extended to Wells.
May events
May 2 — Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash in Cornwall, England, opened by Prince Albert.
May 4 — Cornwall Railway opened across the Royal Albert Bridge linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England.
June events
June 2 — The organization that is to become the Chicago and North Western Railway purchases the assets of the bankrupt Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lac Railroad.
June 7 — The Chicago and North Western Railway is chartered.
August events
August — Samuel Marsh succeeds Charles Moran as president of the Erie Railroad.
September events
September 1 — The first Pullman sleeping car leaves Bloomington, Illinois, on an overnight trip to Chicago; first Pullman conductor is Jonathan L. Barnes.
September 12 – At a meeting under Drammen chairmanship in Norway, construction of a railway line to connect Drammen and Randsfjorden, later known as the Randsfjorden Line, is selected over the option for a waterway.
September 22 – The Chemins de fer de l'Est opens its line from Paris Gare de la Bastille to Vincennes and La Varenne in France.
October events
October 3 — The Cologne-Minden Railway Company opens the Cathedral Bridge (Dombrücke) across the Rhine in Cologne giving access to the city's new Central Station.
December events
December 27 — Grand Trunk Railway completes construction of the rail line from Toronto to Sarnia, Ontario, and begins a train ferry connection across the St. Clair River at Fort Gratiot.
Unknown date events
Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España of Spain introduces its standard 0-6-0 goods locomotives, almost all of which will be in service for more than a century.
Births
January births
January 11 — Charles Bowen-Cooke, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Western Railway 1909–1920 (d. 1920).
April births
April 3 – Darius Miller, president of Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 1910–1914, is born (d. 1914).
April 11 — Stuart R. Knott, president of Kansas City Southern Railway 1900–1905 (d. 1943).
July births
July 21 — Hugo Lentz, Austrian inventor of a valve gear for steam engines (d. 1944).
November births
November 13 — Georg Knorr, inventor of the Knorr brake, is born (d. 1911).
December births
December 3 — Vincent Raven, chief mechanical engineer of the North Eastern Railway from 1910 to 1922 (d. 1934).
Deaths
September deaths
September 15 — Isambard Kingdom Brunel, civil engineer of the Great Western Railway, dies (b. 1806).
October deaths
October 12 — Robert Stephenson, English railway civil engineer and steam locomotive builder (b. 1803).
References |
David Treffry, OBE, (7 October 1926 – 3 April 2000) was a British colonial servant, international financier and High Sheriff of Cornwall.
Early life
David Treffry, a member of the old Cornish family of Treffry, was born at Porthpean in 1926. He was educated in Cornwall and at Marlborough College, and then served in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, transferring to the Indian Army, where he was a captain in the Frontier Force Regiment. In 1947 he returned to Britain and read history at Magdalen College, Oxford.
Colonial servant
Treffry joined the Colonial Service in 1953, and served in Aden until independence in 1967. He achieved senior posts, and as Cabinet Secretary to the South Arabian Federation was involved in the independence negotiations.
While in Aden, Treffry supported the work of the Reilly Centre for the Blind, and for this work was appointed OBE in 1966.
International financier
David Treffry moved to Washington D. C. in 1968 to work for the International Monetary Fund, remaining there for 21 years.
Public servant and High Sheriff
Treffry retired to his ancestral home of Place in Fowey in 1987, where he played a conspicuous part in Cornish public life, becoming High Sheriff in 1991, president of the Royal Institution of Cornwall in 1993, and oversaw the inauguration in 1994 by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh of the Royal Cornwall Museum. He also worked for the Cornwall region of the National Trust, and other local organizations.
He was a friend of the Cornish historian and poet A. L. Rowse, and, on Rowse's death, became the legatee of a substantial sum – which he made over to the Royal Institution of Cornwall, the National Trust, and the Cornwall Heritage Trust.
In 1997 he was diagnosed with a terminal illness, but continued to play an active rôle in Cornish public and social life until his death at Truro in 2000.
References
1926 births
2000 deaths
People from St Austell
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
British Indian Army officers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry officers
High Sheriffs of Cornwall |
Bishop Cotton Girls' School, or BCGS, is a private all-girls' school for boarders and day scholars in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The school offers academic scholarships, which aid students from lower income backgrounds to afford tuition and boarding fees. It has been awarded the International School award by the British Council.
The school curriculum is based on the ICSE format of education, and has teaching facilities from Kindergarten, 1 to 10 (ICSE) and 11 and 12 (ISC).
History
Founded in 1865, it is one of the oldest established boarding schools in Asia.
The school was named after Bishop George Edward Lynch Cotton, the son of an Army captain, who died leading his regiment in battle. He was a scholar of Westminster School, and a graduate of Cambridge. In 1836 he was appointed Assistant Master at Rugby by Doctor Thomas Arnold, one of the founders of the British public school system.
It was the proposal of Bishop Cotton to create schools in India that resulted in the founding of Bishop Cotton's on 19 April 1865. The institution was opened for both boys and girls in a bungalow named Westward Ho in High Grounds. In 1871, the management acquired 14 acres of land on St. Mark's Road and shifted the school, demarcating two areas, one for the boys school and the other for the girls, with a wall separating the two.
In 1911, the management acquired Stafford House and its surrounding eight and a half acres with access to both Residency Road and St. Mark's Road and shifted the school, giving Bishop Cotton Girls' School its own identity. In 1915, money was sanctioned to construct the administration block and the quad. More buildings were constructed in the 1950s and 1960s including the Chapel of the Holy Family.
The first Indian principal to take charge of the school was CA (Acca) Joseph in 1963.
Extracurricular activities includes sport, debate, creative writing, dramatics, declamation, verse speaking and choir.
It is affiliated with Bishop Cotton Boys School, which is situated across the street on St. Marks Road.
School motto
Nec Dextrorsum - Nec Sinistrosum
"Neither to the right nor to the left", the motto reflects the spirit of the school. It is taken from a Latin translation of a phrase in the Old Testament of the Bible. The new leader Joshua is commissioned by God to be a true follower of His law, 'neither to the left nor to the right'.
School shield
The crest of the shield is the family crest of Bishop Cotton of Calcutta. The crest is divided vertically - the right side (dexter) has the arms of the Bishop of Calcutta. The Bishop's mitre on top is green on a white background and the staff and open Bible are in the bottom half on a red background. The left side (sinister) has three skeins of cotton and a chevron (inverted v) on a blue background. This side represents the ancient house to which Bishop Cotton belonged. The crest thus symbolises the godliness, service and courage for which the school stands.
School song and founder's hymn
The Bishop Cotton school song was penned by Rev. Herbert Pakenham-Walsh, of the Brotherhood of St. Peter, Warden of the school from 1907 to 1913, later to become bishop. The words were set to music by N. M. Saunders, Esq.
With its refrain "On, Straight, On", it follows the spirit of the school motto, "Nec Dextrorsum Nec Sinistrorsum", Latin for "Neither to the Right Nor to the Left". The tradition of singing the school song and the founder's hymn in the chapel or in assemblies held in the auditorium continues to this day.
Academics
The school, administered along the lines of Junior, Middle and Senior School, works through three school terms, each ending with examinations. Students of Class X appear for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ICSE) by the beginning of March. Students of Class XII take up the Indian School Certificate Examination (ISC).
Subjects taught at the ICSE level include English, an Indian or foreign language, History, Civics and Geography, Environmental Education, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and a choice between Home Science, Computer Applications, Fine Arts and Physical Education. At the ISC level, the school has three main streams, the Science stream, the Commerce stream and the Arts stream. It is mandatory for both streams to take up English and Environmental Education.
For the Science stream, the subjects offered are English, Environmental Education, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Home Science and a choice between Biotechnology, Computer Science, Hindi, Kannada, Fine Arts, Biology and Environmental Science. For the Commerce stream, the subjects offered are Accountancy and Commerce and a choice between Business Studies, Mathematics, Economics, Computer Science, Fine Arts, Environmental Science and Physical Education. For the Arts stream the subjects offered are English, Environmental Education and History along with choices among Literature in English, Second Language, Environmental Science, Physical Education, Economics, Computer Science, Fine Art, Home Science, Business Studies, Political Science and Psychology.
The school offers language options of Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Nepali, French and German.
Sports
Organized games includes the inter-school games competitions.
Cottonian Shield - basketball
Cottonian Shield - hockey
Principals
Miss F Elmes (1913–1934) was the first principal. She expanded the building adjoining Stafford House.
Miss R.M. Waller (1935–1944).
Miss M.E. Hardy (1945–1952) came to Cottons after years of service as a missionary in Burma.
Miss E.J. Drayton (January 1953 – 2 June 1953).
Mrs. C.M. Gaughan (1953–1954).
Miss C.B. Schiff (1954–1957). The building of the Art Room and the extension of the Staff Room were accomplished during her tenure.
Miss C.M. Millington (1958–1962) had been on the Staff of the school before she took over as Principal. The Raman Science Block and the Chapel of the Holy Family were constructed during this time. The Examination system changed over from the Cambridge Certificate to the Indian School Certificate Examination (ISC).
Mrs. Acca Joseph (1963–1972) took over as the first Indian Principal in 1963. The library was inaugurated and the boarding block was built.
Miss Grace Samuel (1972–1973) came to Cotton's after nine years in the USA.
Mrs. V.M. Chandran (1973–1978) a member of the staff from 1959, took over as Principal in 1973. Her achievement was the construction of the auditorium, although she did not stay to witness its completion, it was her enthusiasm and hard work that made it possible. The Parents' Block was inaugurated during this period.
Mrs. G. Clarke (1978–1988) introduced two new Houses - Elmes and Waller - to the existing Barton, Foley and Maiden Houses, as the number of students had increased. The pale green tunics changed to dark green. Computer studies were introduced. The strength of the School went from 700 to 3000. Six additional classrooms were built and the shift system was introduced. The work on the auditorium was completed and a new Dining Hall for the boarders was planned. The Bishop Cotton Women's' Christian College was started in 1985, the first of its kind in the Diocese.
Mrs. Elizabeth Joseph (1988–1999) a member of staff from 1971, took over as Principal in September 1988. Several structural extensions and additions were made during this period. The auditorium was renovated, the mezzanine floor and stage built with co-ordinating interiors and the lighting system. The hostel side of the campus acquired a multi-purpose Dining Hall with the Staff Quarters built above it.
Dr. Mrs. Stella Samuel (1999–2005) took over as Principal in June 1999 after having served the school for 25 years as a member of the staff. She had joined the school in 1974. The Administrative block was renovated, and the ISC block took shape. A school transport system in collaboration with BMTC was introduced. Internet, intranet, fax and email were installed.
Mrs. Princess Franklyn (2005–2010) was brought on a transfer from a School in Tumkur.
Mrs. Lydia Joshua (2010–2014).
Princess Franklyn returned (June 2014 – October 2014). During the course of the academic year she had to retire and left Ranjitha Kanagaraj as the principal-in-charge.
Notable alumni
Anuradha Doddaballapur, cardiovascular scientist and captain of the Germany women's national cricket team
Patralekha Paul, Bollywood actress
J Jayalalithaa Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa, actress, politician, General Secretary of AIADMK and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India
Gautami, South Indian actor
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, chairman and managing director of Biocon Ltd., and India's richest woman in 2004
Nafisa Joseph, Miss India Universe 1997, model, and an animal rights activist
Rani Jeyraj, Miss India first runner-up 1996
Sharmila Nicollet, ranked India No. 1 in golf
Monisha Unni , South Indian actress
Nikki Galrani, South Indian actress
Kriti Kharbanda, Bollywood actress
Dr Kamini A. Rao, Indian gynaecologist
References
External links
Cottonians Connect Old Cottonian website]
Church of South India schools
Bangalore Civil and Military Station
Nondenominational Christian schools in India
Schools in Colonial India
Christian schools in Karnataka
Boarding schools in Karnataka
Girls' schools in Karnataka
Primary schools in Karnataka
High schools and secondary schools in Bangalore
Private schools in Bangalore
Educational institutions established in 1865
1865 establishments in India |
Erie was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1975 to 1987, when it was abolished when the riding was redistributed to Niagara South. It consisted of the federal electoral district of the same name. It was only represented by Liberal Ray Haggerty.
Members of Provincial Parliament
Election results
1985 Ontario general election
References
Former provincial electoral districts of Ontario
1975 establishments in Canada
1987 disestablishments in Canada
Constituencies established in 1975
Constituencies disestablished in 1987 |
Agriculture in Korea may refer to:
Agriculture in South Korea
Agriculture in North Korea |
Elizabete Limanovska (born 30 September 2000) is a Latvian chess player who holds the title of Woman FIDE Master. She won the Latvian Women Chess Championship in 2018.
Biography
Seven times Elizabete Limanovska won in the Latvian Girl's Chess Championships in different age groups: in 2009 - U10, in 2012 - U12, in 2014 - U14, in 2015 and 2016 - U16, in 2017 and 2018 - U18. She regularly participated of the European Youth Chess Championships (2010 — U10; 2014 — U14; 2016 — U16; 2017 — U18) and World Youth Chess Championships in different age groups (2011, 2012 — U12; 2015, 2016 — U16; 2017 — U18).
In April 2017, in Riga she participated in the Women's European Individual Chess Championship 2017. At the end of July and the beginning of August of the same year, Elizabete Limanovska took part in the International Women chess tournament in Erfurt and fulfilled the FIDE master (WFM) norm. Since 2011, she regularly took part in the Latvian Women's Chess Championships. In May 2018, she won the Latvian Women Chess Championship.
Elizabete Limanovska played for Latvia in Chess Olympiads:
In 2018, at reserve board in the 43rd Chess Olympiad in Batumi (+5 -1 =2).
Elizabete Limanovska played for Latvia in the European Women's Team Chess Championships:
In 2019, at fourth board in the 22nd European Team Chess Championship (women) in Batumi (+1, =4, -1).
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Latvian female chess players
Latvian chess players
Chess Woman FIDE Masters |
The Monastery of the Visitation, Georgetown is a monastery of the Visitation Order in the District of Columbia, United States of America.
History
Founding
This monastery was founded by Alice Lalor, native of County Kilkenny, Ireland, who sailed for this country in 1794 with her sister, Mrs. Doran, the wife of an American merchant. On the voyage she formed an intimacy with Mrs. Sharpe and Mrs. McDermott and, united in their vocation, they bought a small house in Philadelphia and began their community life under the direction of the Rev. Leonard Neale, who had succeeded Rev. Lawrence Graessel and Rev. Francis Fleming, victims of the yellow fever epidemic of 1793.
The return of the fever in 1797-8 broke up their house, and Father Neale having been made president of Georgetown College invited them to settle in that place. Miss Lalor bought a small cottage near that of three French noblewomen of the Order of Poor Clares, who had escaped the revolutionary Terror and hoped to found a house in the land of their asylum. Father Neale put the Congregation of the Pious Ladies, as they were called, under the Rule of St. Francis de Sales. His inspiration was to advance Catholic education.
Opening of the school
The school was opened, 24 June 1799. The first pupil was Anna Smith, the first novice Sister Aloysia Neale. Their ranks were immediately recruited, their pupils multiplied, and in 1802 the school was developed into an academy, (now known as Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School). In 1804 the Poor Clares returned to France; Bishop Neale and his brother Father Francis Neale bought their property, furniture, and books, and it was among the last that the Rules of the Visitation were discovered in 1812, after being vainly sought for years by the bishop, for Annecy had been swept away in the Terror.
No enclosure was observed at first and the ladies were called Mistress or Madam until 1816 when Archbishop Neale obtained from Pope Pius VII the Brief dated 14 July, which raised the community to the rank of a monastery. Solemn vows were taken, 28 Dec., 1816, by 30 choir sisters, 4 lay sisters, and 1 out sister. Father Beschter, formerly of the papal choir, instructed them in the chants of the office and the Visitandines of Chaillot sent them a model of the habit and silver crosses.
Six months later Archbishop Neale died, but he had appointed Father Clorivière, or Joseph de Limoëlan, a Chouan who was involved in the plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise, of Charleston, South Carolina, as director of the community. He arrived on 13 January 1818 and devoted his life to his new charge. He sold his estate in Brittany and gave the proceeds, as well as his French pension, to building a new chapel for the sisters. Cloriviere himself taught French at the academy, which served to increase enrollment. He asked and obtained from his friend Charles X of France an altar-piece, and by every means in his power helped the sisters in their poor school - the first free school in the District of Columbia.
Mother Catharine Rigden broke ground for the chapel, the symbolic window of which was given by a lady in South Carolina. This was the first chapel of the Sacred Heart in the United States. In 1819 the first prospectus was issued over the signatures of Mrs. Henrietta Brent, Mrs. Jerusha Barber, and Father Joseph de Cloriviere; in 1823 a new academy was built, and in 1829 three European sisters arrived.
After Teresa Lalor
On 9 September 1846, Mother Teresa Lalor died, having seen her daughters established at Kaskaskia, Mobile, St. Louis, Baltimore, and Brooklyn. In 1872-3 a new academy building was erected, and in 1899–1900, after a fire, this was enlarged.
Archbishop Neale, Father Joseph de Cloriviere, Mother Teresa, Sister Joanna, Juana Maria de Iturbide, ex-Princess of Mexico; and the thirty original sisters are laid in the crypt of the chapel and buried in the walls of its foundations.
At Gen. Winfield Scott's request the academy was exempted from seizure for hospital purposes during the American Civil War. His daughter Virginia (Sister May Emmanuel), who was a Visitation nun, is buried in the cemetery.
Slavery
During the 19th century, the sisters owned some 121 African Americans as slaves.
Notable alumni
Cornelia Jane Matthews Jordan (1830–1898), poet
Harriet Monroe (1860-1936), poet, editor
Cora Stuart Wheeler (1852–1897), poet, author
References
External links
Visitation monasteries
Roman Catholic monasteries in the United States
Religious buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington
Burial sites of the House of Iturbide
Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
American slave owners |
This is a list of parks in the city of San Diego, California:
List of parks
Allied Gardens Community Park
Amici Park
Balboa Park (cultural park)
Belmont Park (historic theme park)
Black Mountain Open Space Park
Cabrillo National Monument (admission fee)
Chicano Park
Children's Park
Chollas Lake Park
Clay Park
County Administration Center Waterfront Park
Cowles Mountain
Cypress Canyon Park
Dog Beach (off-leash dog area in Ocean Beach )
Dusty Rhodes Park (with off-leash dog area)
Famosa Slough State Marine Conservation Area(natural wetland preserve)
Jerabek Park
Kate Sessions Park
Liberty Station waterfront park
Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve
Marion Bear Park
Martin Luther King Jr. Promenade
Mission Bay Park
Mission Trails Regional Park
Mount Soledad
Murray Ridge Neighborhood Park
Old Town San Diego State Historic Park
Otay Valley Regional Park
Pantoja Park (A San Diego Historic Landmark)
Point Loma Native Plant Garden
Presidio Park
Rancho Bernardo Community Park (with off-leash dog area)
Robb Field (athletic fields and skateboard park)
Rose Canyon Open Space Park
Ruocco Park
San Diego River Park
San Dieguito River Park
San Diego Zoo (admission fee)
San Diego Zoo Safari Park (admission fee)
San Pasqual / Clevenger Canyon Open Space Park
SeaWorld San Diego (admission fee)
Spanish Landing Park
Sunset Cliffs Natural Park
Sycamore Canyon County Park
Tecolote Canyon Natural Park and Nature Center
Torrey Pines City Park a part of the Torrey Pines Gliderport
Torrey Pines State Reserve
References
parks
San Diego |
The Hon. David Wynford Carnegie (23 March 1871 – 27 November 1900) was an explorer and gold prospector in Western Australia. In 1896 he led an expedition from Coolgardie through the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts to Halls Creek, and then back again.
Early life
David Carnegie was born in London on 23 March 1871, the youngest child of James Carnegie, 9th Earl of Southesk. He was educated at Charterhouse in Godalming, Surrey but dropped out without graduating, and was thereafter educated by a private tutor. He later entered the Royal Indian Engineering College, but again dropped out without completing the course. In 1892, he travelled to Ceylon to work on a tea plantation. Finding it boring, he quit after a few weeks, and set sail for Australia with his friend Lord Percy Douglas.
Gold prospecting
On arriving in Albany, Western Australia in September 1892, Carnegie and Douglas learned of Arthur Bayley's discovery of gold at Coolgardie, and immediately decided to leave the ship and join the gold rush. Together, they prospected around Coolgardie for a number of months, with little success. Eventually, Douglas left the field to raise finances in order for them to continue prospecting. Carnegie continued prospecting, joining the rush to Kalgoorlie after Paddy Hannan's discovery of gold there. He had little success, and by the middle of 1893 he was destitute. Unable to make a living as a prospector, he took a job at the Bayley's Reward mine in Coolgardie.
Late in 1893, Douglas was appointed a director of a new mining exploration company, thus securing finances for Carnegie's prospecting. In March 1894, Carnegie commenced his first prospecting expedition, in the company of a prospector and camel handler named Gus Luck. The pair initially explored the Hampton Plains immediately east of Kalgoorlie, but finding it extremely dry, they travelled instead to Queen Victoria Spring, about east of Kalgoorlie. From there they travelled north through unknown country to Mount Shenton, about north east of the present-day town of Laverton. After prospecting around Mount Margaret and Mount Ida, they returned to Coolgardie, having been away for ninety days and having travelled about . They had found little evidence of gold, and nothing worth claiming a lease on.
In November 1894, Carnegie set out on his second prospecting expedition, this time in the company of two prospectors: an American named Jim Conley and an Irish-Victorian named Paddy Egan. The party initially travelled north, but hearing rumours of promising country near Lake Roe, they turned to the south east. After meeting no success around Lake Roe, they returned to the north, again exploring around Mount Margaret and Mount Ida. Early in February, after failing to locate a pool at Erlistoun, the party sought water in a granite outcrop near Lake Darlot, about east of the present-day town of Leinster. There, they had the good fortune to stumble upon the scene of a rich new find, before news of the find had reached Coolgardie. Having beaten the rush, Carnegie was able to discover and lay claim to a high quality reef. After working the reef for a period, the company sold the mine, and Carnegie received a substantial sum.
Carnegie formed a syndicate with some friends, into which he deposited his camels, then returned to England to visit his family. Finding that his family were disappointed and embarrassed by his lack of an education and career, he returned to Australia determined
to prove that I am not the useless devil they have prophesied I would become1.
While he was away, his syndicate had pegged another mine, and shortly after his return it also was sold.
Exploration
Carnegie invested his profits from the two mines in preparations for his major expedition; he proposed to travel almost from Coolgardie to Halls Creek. Much of the area through which he intended to travel was unexplored and unmapped, and Carnegie hoped to find good pastoral or gold-bearing land, and to make a name for himself as an explorer.
Carnegie's party consisted of five men and nine camels. His travelling companions were the prospectors Charles Stansmore and Godfrey Massie, bushman Joe Breaden, and Breaden's Aboriginal companion Warri. The party left Coolgardie on 9 July 1896. They travelled north to Menzies, then north east. On 23 July they entered largely unexplored country, and were immediately affected by the extreme scarcity of water. By 9 August they were desperately short of water; that day they came upon a native, who they captured and forced to show where water was located. The supply they were led to was an underground spring in a hidden cave, which Carnegie named Empress Spring after Queen Victoria. The party realised they could never have found this on their own. This became the pattern for the remainder of the expedition: whenever short of water, the party tracked down and captured natives, and tried to force them to lead the expedition to water.
Leaving the spring, the expedition continued north. Throughout August, September and October, the party passed through the desert country of the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts. At first, the terrain was largely flat, and consisted almost entirely of spinifex and sand (hence the name Spinifex and Sand for Carnegie's published account of the expedition). Later, the flatness of the land was broken up by regular sandridges, running in an east-west direction. Since the party was travelling in a northerly direction, they had to cross these sandridges at right angles, and this made travel even more difficult. Carnegie later wrote of the land
What heartbreaking country, monotonous, lifeless, without interest, without excitement save when the stern necessity of finding water forced us to seek out the natives in their primitive camps.2
Carnegie managed to bring the party almost entirely through the desert without loss. However, on 2 November, with their journey nearing completion, a number of Carnegie's camels ate poisonous plants, and three died. Four weeks later, with the party only from the Derby–Halls Creek road, Stansmore slipped while crossing a ridge, and dropped his gun. When the gun hit the ground, the cartridge exploded, and Stansmore was shot through the heart. He died instantly, and was buried nearby by his companions. The remaining members of the party reached Halls Creek four days later, after a journey of 149 days and .
On arriving at Halls Creek, the party were informed that two members of the Calvert Exploring Expedition were missing in the desert. The Calvert expedition had taken a path roughly parallel to the Carnegie expedition, but about further west. Carnegie offered to join the search for the missing men, but despite his familiarity with the search area, he was not sent out immediately, being instead put on standby in Halls Creek. He formulated a search plan, and purchased three horses in anticipation of joining the search, but to the party's great frustration they remained on standby for nearly fifteen weeks. Eventually, it became obvious that the missing men must have perished, and Carnegie retracted his offer of help.
Carnegie's expedition was originally intended to terminate at Halls Creek, but since they had found no gold-bearing or pastoral land, the party decided to continue exploring, by returning to Coolgardie by a more easterly overland route. The party left Halls Creek on 22 March 1897, heading east then southeast, before eventually turning south. At first the going was easier than the trip north: water and game were easily found; the natives they encountered were friendly; and the camels' loads had been lightened, enabling them to carry a large supply of water. Later, the party experienced similar hardships to their northerly trip, scarcity of water being the main problem. Although they were able to carry plenty of water with them, this advantage was largely cancelled out by the presence of horses in the party, horses needing regular and generous watering. They arrived back in Coolgardie late in August 1897, having again found no land of interest to prospector or pastoralist.
Shortly after the completion of his expedition, Carnegie sold his assets and sailed for England. In England, he wrote and published a book on his experiences in Western Australia, entitled Spinifex and Sand. He also gave a brief lecture tour, and was awarded a medal by the Royal Geographical Society. However he was keen to resume exploring, and he expressed interest in joining an expedition from Cape Town to Cairo before eventually deciding against it. He also sought funding to lead an expedition to map the country between Lake Rudolf (now Lake Turkana) in northern Kenya and the Nile, but was unsuccessful.
Eventually Carnegie accepted a position as Assistant Resident of the Middle Niger in the Protectorate of Nigeria. He sailed for Africa in December 1899, and took up his job in late January 1900. In November 1900, Carnegie was sent to apprehend a fugitive named Gana. While searching the village of Tawari in the early hours of the morning of 27 November 1900, he was shot in the thigh with a poison arrow. He died fifteen minutes later. He was just 29 years old.
See also
Carnegie expedition of 1896
Carnegie (disambiguation)
Notes
from a letter to his sister, quoted in Peasley (1995).
from Carnegie (1898).
References
Carnegie, David W. (1898). Spinifex and Sand. London: C. Arthur Pearson. Republished in 1989 by Hesperian Press, Victoria Park, Western Australia. .
External links
Letter from Carnegie to William Tietkens (at Flinders University Library)
1871 births
1900 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of the Royal Indian Engineering College
David
English explorers
Explorers of Australia
Explorers of Western Australia
Gold prospectors
Australian gold prospectors
Canning Stock Route
Younger sons of earls |
Hawk's Tor is a hill and tor on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, England, UK. Its summit is above sea level.
The tor, which is in the civil parish of Blisland, is located north east of the town of Bodmin. The slopes of the tor contain Hawkstor Downs, the Stripple stones, a stone circle and Hawkstor Pit, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest noted for its biological interest.
There is another Hawk's Tor (329 m) on Bodmin Moor, further east, near the village of North Hill.
References
Hills of Cornwall
Bodmin Moor
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall |
Acer duplicatoserratum is a species of maple, native to southern and eastern mainland China (Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang) and Taiwan.
Acer duplicatoserratum is a small tree, in the same group of maples as Acer palmatum. The leaves are palmately lobed with seven to nine lobes, long and broad.
There are two varieties:
Acer duplicatoserratum var. duplicatoserratum. Taiwan, endemic; listed as Vulnerable. It occurs in submontane broadleaved forest scattered in central to northern parts of the island. Its altitudinal range is . Leaf petioles always pubescent.
Acer duplicatoserratum var. chinense C.S.Chang. Mainland China, in deciduous forests at elevations of asl. Leaf petioles pubescent only when young, becoming hairless as they grow.
References
duplicatoserratum
Plants described in 1911
Taxa named by Bunzō Hayata
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Trees of China
Trees of Taiwan |
Sadrollah (, also Romanized as Şadrollah) is a village in Dehdasht-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 159, in 30 families.
References
Populated places in Kohgiluyeh County |
The Leeuwin was a 400-ton jacht of the Dutch East India Company (, commonly abbreviated to VOC) that travelled to the East Indies twice starting 3 April 1653. It wrecked near Macassar on 24 December 1664.
History
In 1654, Leeuwin was part of a six ship fleet that departed Batavia for the Netherlands. The fleet consisted of , , , Leeuwin, and . The convoy departed the Sunda Strait on 24 January 1654, passed the Cape of Good Hope on 27 March and anchored at St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean on 18 March. Leeuwin arrived in the Netherlands (probably at Texel) on 30 August 1654. She departed for the return voyage to Batavia on 10 December 1654.
Ongoing conflicts during the Dutch-Portuguese War in 1656 saw Leeuwin called into a blockade of the strategic port of Bantam at the western end of Java during July. In August, the blockading fleet was moved to the west coast of India for another blockade of the Portuguese-held port of Goa. Leeuwin at this time was under the command of Jan Lucasz, and had a crew of 86. She was used to cart stone ballast to other ships in the blockade.
In July 1658 she was used to ferry 500 people, including women and children, from Galle in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to Batavia. During 1659 Leeuwin was involved in the trade of areca nuts from Galle to the Coromandel Coast and Malacca.
References
1650s ships
Maritime incidents in 1664
Ships of the Dutch East India Company |
Carlyle is an unincorporated community in Allen County, Kansas, United States.
History
A great part of the settlement in Allen County during the year 1858 was in what is now Deer Creek Township, along and near Deer Creek. In the fall of 1857, a small colony had been formed in Parke and Johnson counties, Indiana, for the purpose of making a settlement, and building up a town, which was to be named Carlyle. After the selection of the site north of Deer Creek, in 1857, two young men, P.M. Carnine and R.V. Ditmars were left to build cabins. In the spring of 1858, the colonists began to arrive. Among the first were T.P. Killen, J.M. Evans, S.C. Richards, J.W. Scott, David Bergen, and H. Scott. The Carlyle colony selected for a town site and proposed to build a church, schoolhouse and make other improvements calculated to insure the speedy building up of the proposed town. Finding many difficulties in the way of making a prosperous town, the project was abandoned, and the site cut up into farms, which were soon opened.
Though not successful in building a town, the colony prospered. A post office was secured, and a postal route established from Leavenworth via Hyatt, in Anderson County, Carlyle and Cofachique to Humboldt, in 1858. A church and schoolhouse was afterward built, a high school kept up, and part of the time there has been a store, while it had always retained the post office. Carlyle was well known and it had always been a prosperous and progressive neighborhood. When the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston railroad (later the K.C., L. & S.K. R.R.) was built, Carlyle was made a station.
The post office was finally closed in November 1988.
The railroad tracks in Carlyle have since been converted to a rail trail. The trail is part of the Prairie Spirit Trail State Park.
Geography
Carlyle is located in Township 23–24 south, Range 18 east. Contained entirely within Carlyle Township in Allen County, it is about five miles (8 km) north of Iola (the county seat), at the intersection of Texas Road and CR 1600 and less than a mile west of U.S. Route 169. An abandoned railroad passes to the east of Carlyle.
Demographics
Although official populations are not compiled for unincorporated places, the population of the surrounding Carlyle Township was 276 in the 2000 census.
References
Further reading
External links
Allen County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Unincorporated communities in Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Allen County, Kansas
Populated places established in 1858
1858 establishments in Kansas Territory |
Jonkheer Albert Dominicus Trip van Zoudtlandt (Groningen, 13 October 1776—The Hague, 23 March 1835) was a Dutch lieutenant-general of cavalry who headed the Dutch heavy cavalry brigade at the Battle of Waterloo.
Biography
Family life
Trip was the son of Jonkheer Jan Louis Trip van Zoudtlandt and Anna Wilhelmina, countess of Limburg-Stirum. He first married Cornelia Gijsberta Smit, and after her death, Elisabeth Gratiana, countess of Limburg-Stirum (a cousin) at The Hague on 16 August 1826.
Career
Trip entered the service of the Dutch Republic on 1 July 1791 as a cadet in an infantry regiment. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1792, and promoted to first lieutenant on 8 July 1795. By then the Batavian Republic had replaced the Dutch Republic. As an officer in the Batavian army, and subsequently the army of the Kingdom of Holland he saw action in its campaigns as an ally of the imperial French army in Germany and (then Swedish) Pomerania. During this career he switched to the cavalry and became commander of a regiment of cuirassiers.
When the Kingdom of Holland was annexed by the First French Empire in July 1810, all Dutch army units were incorporated in the French army under new names. Trip's regiment became the 14th Regiment Cuirassiers. With this regiment Trip took part in the French invasion of Russia in 1812. His regiment distinguished itself (like other Dutch regiments) at the Battle of Berezina, during the harrowing retreat of the French army from Moscow.
Trip subsequently took part in the final campaigns of the French army before Napoleon I of France's first abdication in 1814. He distinguished himself again at the Battle of Leipzig. After the fall of the Empire the Dutch contingents in the French army were demobilized. Trip left French service as a colonel on 14 April 1814. He entered the service of the new Dutch army (the Netherlands having regained its independence at the end of 1813) in June 1814 with the same rank, and became aide de camp of the Sovereign Prince, William I of the Netherlands. He was promoted to major-general on 16 April 1815 and given the command of a brigade of heavy cavalry, composed of the 1st and 3rd (Dutch) and 2nd (Belgian) regiments of (mounted) carabiniers of the new Netherlands Mobile Army of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Battles of Quatre Bras and Waterloo
This brigade took part in the Battle of Quatre Bras and the subsequent Battle of Waterloo as part of the Netherlands Cavalry Division (lt.-gen. J.A. Baron de Collaert) of the First Netherlands Corps under the Prince of Orange. This Corps formed the center of the Duke of Wellington's Anglo-Allied army at Waterloo. Trip's brigade was initially placed astride the Nivelles road, but when Trip noticed the French preparations for Marshal Ney's great cavalry attack after d'Erlon's failed assault on the Allied left wing, he repositioned his brigade to counter that attack to a position south-west of Mont St.-Jean. When Ney attacked the British artillery Trip's brigade joined Lord Edward Somerset's Household Brigade in its counterattack. Both the French cuirassiers and the Dutch/Belgian carabiniers charged. The French horses (already tired from their previous exertions) could not make sufficient speed, due to the heavy ground they had to traverse, and Trip's carabiniers shattered their formation through the sheer impact of their assault. This caused a rout of the left wing of the French cuirassiers, which was exploited by other allied cavalry units. During this encounter Trips's brigade suffered severe casualties.
Despite these casualties, the brigade soon had to renew its attacks. The 2nd (Belgian) Regiment was led by the Prince of Orange personally in a charge, where he encouraged them with the cry: 'Allons, mes camarades, sabrons ces Francais, la victoire est à nous' (Come on, comrades, let's put our sabres to these Frenchmen, the victory is ours). The brigade again routed the opposing cavalry and pursued them past the road to Ohain. During these exploits the commanders of both the 1st (lt.-col. Coenegracht) and 3rd (lt.-col. Lechleitner) regiments were mortally wounded. Nevertheless, the brigade took part in the pursuit of the French army after the failed attack of Napoleon's Guard divisions finally caused its defeat, until Wellington called off the pursuit around 10 pm.
Trip was mentioned in Wellington's dispatch of 19 June 1815 for the contribution his brigade had made to the Allied victory. Trip himself was made a knight-commander in the Military William Order on 8 July 1815.
The Siborne controversy
In 1844, almost thirty years after the battle, a British military historian, William Siborne, published a book based on a survey he had made of a number of British officers, who had attended the Battle of Waterloo. In this book Siborne accused Trip personally, and the brigade as a whole, of refusing to advance when ordered, on the basis of allegations made by Lord Uxbridge, the British cavalry commander at Waterloo, and Captain Horace Seymour. According to this account, Uxbridge had tried to order the brigade forward in a charge at the time Somerset made his charge. According to Uxbridge and Seymour, Trip had refused this order, even though Uxbridge had given him a severe reprimand (presumably in English). After Uxbridge had disgustedly ridden away (still to the testimony of the British eyewitnesses) the whole brigade had retired, even disturbing the preparations of other allied cavalry units. Uxbridge stated in his account that “I have the strongest reason to be excessively dissatisfied with the General commanding a Brigade of Dutch Heavy Cavalry, and with a Colonel commanding a young Regiment of Hanoverian Hussars.” Captain Horace Seymour also stated “as to the conduct of the Dutch Brigade of Heavy Cavalry, the impression still on my mind is that they did show a lamentable want of spirit,”.
This account is at variance with the above account of the battle, which is based on Dutch after-battle reports. Siborne has two eye-witness accounts. These allegations caused a furore in the Netherlands and Belgium. Dutch general Willem Jan Knoop soon published a semi-official refutation as did his Belgian colleague general Alexis-Michel Eenens. The latter is especially scathing in his destruction of Siborne's argument pertaining to the Trip brigade, probably because the honor of the 2nd (Belgian) regiment of carabiniers was directly insulted.
Later career
Trip was promoted to lieutenant-general of cavalry on 24 November 1816. He was appointed commander-in-chief of Dutch cavalry on 22 March 1831. During the Ten days campaign in the course of the Belgian Revolution of 1830 he was wounded during the attack on Leuven on 12 August 1831. Shortly afterward, he received the Grand-Cross in the Order of the Netherlands Lion.
Trip died, still in office, on 23 March 1835 in The Hague.
References
Sources
(1901) "Elisabeth Gratiana, gravin van Limburg Stirum", in: Adelsarchief: jaarboek van den nederlandschen adel. 1900-1904 (2e jaargang), pp. 201–202 (contains short biography of her husband, A.D. Trip van Zoudtlandt)
External links
Cavaleriehistorie, Quatre-Bras and Waterloo
The Cowards at Waterloo
Trip van Zoudtlandt by Michel Damiens on Larousse.fr
1776 births
1835 deaths
People from Groningen (city)
People of the Battle of Waterloo
Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Dutch nobility
Knights Commander of the Military Order of William
Dutch generals |
Llanwddyn () was the name of an electoral wards in the far north of Powys, Wales. It covered the community of Llanwddyn (which gives it its name) as well as the neighbouring communities of Llangynog and Pen-y-Bont-Fawr. The ward elected a county councillor to Powys County Council.
According to the 2011 census the population of the ward was 1,036.
Following a boundary review, Llanwddyn was merged to become part of the larger ward of Banwy, Llanfihangel and Llanwddyn, effective from the 2022 local elections.
County councillors
Conservative Party candidate Simon Baynes represented the ward following the May 2008 council elections. He stood down after only one term in office.
Independent councillor Darren Mayor was elected unopposed as ward councillor in May 2012 and became Powys County Council's cabinet member for property, buildings and housing. Cllr Mayor was a governor of Llanfyllin High School and resigned from the council in March 2016 because of irregular funding for the school's bus service.
Previous councillor Simon Baynes stood again at the May 2017 council election, but lost to Bryn Davies who won Plaid Cymru's first seat on Powys Council. Previous councillor Darren Mayor stood again but came fourth.
References
Former wards of Powys |
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Ugrim () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Belgorodsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 48 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.
Geography
Ugrim is located 8 km northwest of Maysky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dolbino is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Belgorodsky District |
Tamanaco was a native Venezuelan chief, who as leader of the Mariches and Quiriquires tribes led (during part of the 16th century) the resistance against the Spanish conquest of Venezuelan territory in the central region of the country, specially in the Caracas valley. He is one of the most famous and best known Venezuelan Caciques (Spanish: Indian chief).
The city of Santiago de León de Caracas, which had been founded in 1567 by Diego de Losada, was continuously harassed and the subject of raids conducted by the local tribes. In 1570 when Diego de Mazariegos took charge as governor of the province of Venezuela, he made it a priority to pacify the territories.
Conflict with the Spanish
Following the death of Guaicaipuro, Tamanaco had risen as the new leader of the Mariches and Quiriquires. By 1573 Tamanaco and his group of natives had become such a problem that reinforcements came from Spain and other Spanish islands in the Caribbean with the sole purpose of taking care of this matter.
Soon after captain Pedro Alonso Galeas and lieutenant Francisco Calderón joined their forces, they started on an expedition with the intention of engaging Tamanaco and his men; they were helped by Aricabacuto, another native Chief. Upon learning of this expedition, Tamanaco prepared a fighting force made up of 300 warriors recruited among his tribes and with the help of men from the Teques and Arbaco tribes. It wasn't long before the two groups engaged each other in combat. However neither side came out victorious in their first fight.
Soon after Tamanaco decided to attack Caracas and pursue the Spanish soldiers who retreated to the banks of the river Guaire. The Spanish lost and their commanding officer captain Hernando de la Cerda died in the fighting. However, as the battle seemed to be ending with Tamanaco's victory, a Spanish cavalry detachment came and surrounded the natives.
Death
Tamanaco was apprehended alive and sentenced to death by hanging. However, Garcí González de Silva, in charge of Caracas' city hall "did something". Among the discussion a captain named Mendoza suggested an alternative: he proposed to let Tamanaco chose between hanging or fighting a trained-killer mastin dog named "Friend," that Mendoza owned. All liked the idea and proposed it to Tamanaco. He accepted the challenge and is reported to have said "the dog will die by my hands and then these cruel men will know what Tamanaco is capable of" However, the fight was uneven and Tamanaco died of the injuries he suffered in his throat. The legend claims the dog so fiercely bit his neck that it detached it from his body. Some historians say that there is not enough evidence to confirm if it was one or several dogs that fought with Tamanaco. After his death, Tamanaco would become a legend among the natives who would call his name when going into battle.
Legacy
In Venezuela there are a variety of works, neighborhoods and sites that are named after Tamanaco. Probably best known are the 'Hotel Tamanaco' (Caracas' oldest 5-star hotel—part of the Intercontinental chain), the 'Centro Ciudad Comercial Tamanaco' (a shopping mall), the 'Tamanaco Avenue' in Caracas, the 'Colinas del Tamanaco' residential area in Caracas, and the 'Tamanaco Dam' in Guarico state among others. Gold coins for investment and collection are minted in Venezuela with Tamanaco's image.
Use in propaganda
In past years the former president of Venezuela, deceased Hugo Chávez, has often mentioned Tamanaco and other native chiefs in his speeches with the purpose of inspiring Venezuelans to resist what he calls American imperialists and interventionists policies directed towards Venezuela. Most notably he did it every year during the 12 October holiday, which after being renamed several years ago Dia de la Raza (previously America's Discovery day), was recently renamed as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance).
External links
Tamanaco biography (in Spanish)
Hotel Tamanaco in Caracas
CCCT Tamanaco Shopping Mall Website
Sporting Brand
1573 deaths
History of Venezuela
Indigenous leaders of the Americas
Indigenous people of the Guianas
16th-century Venezuelan people
Year of birth unknown |
Kadılar is a village in the Dinar District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 515 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
References
Villages in Dinar District |
Ronald Hugh Aldridge (born October 31, 1950) is an American lawyer and politician who served one term in the Mississippi House of Representatives. In 1987, he lost his bid for reelection to Democrat J. Kane Ditto. He served as Mississippi state director of the National Federation of Independent Business from 1989 to 1992 and from 1998 to 2020.
References
1950 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Mississippi House of Representatives
University of Mississippi alumni
University of Mississippi School of Law alumni
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
People from Winona, Mississippi |
The Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève (Museum of the History of Science of the City of Geneva) is a small museum in Switzerland dedicated to the history of science.
Location
The museum is located in the Villa Bartholoni, designed by Félix-Emmanuel Callet, built in 1830 as a summer residence for Parisian bankers, Constant and Jean-François Bartholoni and extensively restored between 1985 and 1992. It is situated in the park La Perle du Lac, overlooking Lake Geneva, adjacent to the Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva. Both the Villa and the museum itself are listed in the Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance.
Access
The Museum is open daily from 10am to 5pm, except for 25 December and 1 January and admission is free.
The museum receives over 250,000 visitors per year.
History
The museum was established in 1964 by the enthusiasm of (the Museum and review of the History of Science Association), following an exhibition of science history at the Musée Rath. Once opened the Swiss Institute of Physics and Observatory donated their historic instruments to the collection. Early director, the astronomer Margarida Archinard, was succeeded by chemist, Marc Cramer. Jacques Ayer has been director since 2012.
Initially affiliated to the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, since 2006 the museum has been linked to the Natural History Museum of Geneva.
Collections and exhibits
The collections primarily comprise scientific measurement apparatus from the 17th-19th centuries including microscopes, telescopes, thermometers, etc., principally the former equipment of Genevan scientists including Saussure, Pictet, de la Rive and Colladon. Displays include practical experiments within the building and some exhibits in the surrounding park.
References
External links
Museums in Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Geneva
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Geneva |
Jesper Norman Daland (born 6 January 2000) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Belgian Pro League club Cercle Brugge.
Club career
Start
Daland signed with Start before the 2019 season. A knee injury ruined his entire first season at the club, which meant that he only made his league debut for the club on 17 June 2020 in a 2–2 draw against Strømsgodset. Four days later, he scored his first league goal in a 2–2 draw against Sandefjord. His strong performances during the 2020 season meant that he was awarded the IK Start Young Player of the Year award in January 2021.
Cercle Brugge
In May 2021, Daland signed a four-year contract with Belgian Pro League club Cercle Brugge. He made his debut as a starter on 24 July 2021 in a match against Beerschot which was interrupted after 55 minutes due to heavy rainfall. The match was continued on 27 July, and ended in a 1–0 win for Cercle.
Career statistics
References
2000 births
Living people
Footballers from Kristiansand
Norwegian men's footballers
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Men's association football forwards
FK Vigør players
Stabæk Fotball players
IK Start players
Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players
Norwegian Third Division players
Eliteserien players
Belgian Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium |
Yaakov Stern is an American cognitive neuroscientist, professor of neuropsychology at Columbia University.
Early life
Stern has an undergraduate degree in psychology from Touro College, and a doctorate in psychology from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He joined the faculty at Columbia University after completing his doctorate. He now is a Florence Irving professor of neuropsychology and chief of the Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Neurology department.
Cognitive reserve
Stern’s major contribution is the concept of cognitive reserve, which helps to explain differential susceptibility to age- or disease-related brain changes. In 2002 he published his first systematic treatment of the concept. Stern's work in cognitive reserve is the most cited in the list of 300 papers in Alzheimer's Disease research compiled by the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and has been quoted in news articles.
In 1992, he demonstrated that when patients with Alzheimer's disease are matched for clinical severity, those with higher education had more extensive neurodegeneration, indicating that they could cope more successfully with the underlying pathology. He was one of the first to use prospective incidence studies to demonstrate that individuals with higher educational or occupational attainment, or who engage in more late life leisure activities have a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's. He was the first to observe that patients with higher reserve had a more rapid rate of decline. Much of his later work has focused on the potential neural basis of cognitive reserve using imaging studies.
Stern has authored or co-authored and published over 600 articles in academic journals. His H index according to Google scholar is over 150. He edited a book on cognitive reserve.
Other research
Stern’s earliest work focused on identifying cognitive changes in nondemented patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, which helped identify the cognitive role of the basal ganglia when it was widely believed to have a role only in motor function. He validated these observations in patients with MPTP-induced Parkinson's.
In the long-standing Predictors study, Stern has been working to clarify the heterogeneity of the course of Alzheimer's disease. He identified a set of disease features that are associated with more rapid decline, and created prediction algorithms for disease course.
Stern directs the Reference Ability Neural Network (RANN) study, which is examining the neural basis for key cognitive domains in aging.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
Living people
21st-century American psychologists
American neuroscientists
Touro College alumni
CUNY Graduate Center alumni
Columbia University faculty
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Qameshkan (), also rendered as Qameshgan, may refer to:
Qameshkan-e Olya
Qameshkan-e Sofla |
Elections were held in Northumberland County, Ontario, on October 22, 2018, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.
Northumberland County Council
The Northumberland County Council consists of the seven mayors of its constituent municipalities.
Alnwick/Haldimand
Brighton
Cobourg
Cramahe
Hamilton
Port Hope
Trent Hills
References
Northumberland
Northumberland County, Ontario |
Amy Sullivan is a Chicago-based journalist who has covered religion and politics as an editor at Time, Yahoo! News, Washington Monthly, and National Journal. She contributes opinion and news analysis to outlets including NPR, the New York Times, and the Washington Post. Sullivan co-hosts the podcast Impolite Company with Nish Weiseth. Her critically acclaimed first book, The Party Faithful: How and Why Democrats are Closing the God Gap, was published by Scribner in 2008.
Sullivan studied social sciences at the University of Michigan, Harvard Divinity School and Princeton University.
Books
The Party Faithful, 2008
References
American women journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Harvard Divinity School alumni
Princeton University alumni
21st-century American women |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pettis County, Missouri.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pettis County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 28 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri
National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri
References
Pettis |
Millington is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abel Millington (1787–1838), American politician
Ernest Millington (1916–2009), British politician
Grenville Millington (born 1951), Chester City footballer
June Millington (born 1948), Filipino-American guitarist, songwriter, producer, educator, and actress
Lucy Millington (1825–1900), American botanist
Margaret Millington (1944–1973), English-born mathematician
Mary Millington (1945–1979), British porn star
Mil Millington, British author
Richard Millington, British ornithologist
Ross Millington (born 1989), British long-distance runner
Sir Thomas Millington (1628–1704), English physician
Tony Millington (1943–2015), Welsh footballer
English-language surnames |
Air Vice Marshal Sir John Gerard Willsley Weston, (15 November 1908 – 13 June 1979) was a high-ranking signals officer in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and the post-war years. He later served as the Deputy Head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). There is a Weston Avenue in Leighton Buzzard that used to be housing for personnel at RAF Stanbridge. Since this was a signals establishment during the Second World War, it is believed that it is named after him.
References
Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Vice Marshal Sir John Weston
1908 births
1979 deaths
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Air Force air marshals
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II |
Saint-Maurice-des-Noues () is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.
See also
Communes of the Vendée department
References
Communes of Vendée |
"Fall Down" is a song by American recording artist will.i.am featuring Miley Cyrus from his fourth studio album, #willpower (2013). It was released on April 16, 2013, by Interscope Records as the fifth single from the album. The song was written and produced by will.i.am, Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco, and Cirkut. "Fall Down" is an electropop and hip hop song; it strays from the electronic dance elements displayed in will.i.am's earlier singles "Scream & Shout" and "#thatPower", and instead leans towards an urban contemporary style.
"Fall Down" received generally negative reviews from music critics, who were disappointed with its overall production and drew comparisons to the work of American recording artist Kesha. It peaked at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and charted in the lower ends of several record charts worldwide. However, the song reached numbers 14 and 15 on the Australian ARIA Charts and the Official New Zealand Music Chart, respectively, being certified gold in both countries. In the United States when it was planned to be a single, the track was promoted with live performances on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Good Morning America, weeks later it was confirmed the single release was cancelled.
Background and composition
"Fall Down" marks the first of three collaborations between will.i.am and Cyrus in 2013. In October, he was credited as a songwriter and producer on the track "Do My Thang" from her fourth studio album Bangerz, while Cyrus was featured on his track "Feelin' Myself" from the reissue of his fourth studio album #willpower in November. will.i.am first became interested in collaborating with Cyrus after hearing an earlier version of her single "Wrecking Ball", and came in contact with her through producer Mike Will Made It.
"Fall Down" was first released on April 16, 2013, preceding the release of #willpower in the United States. It served as the follow-up to will.i.am's earlier singles "Scream & Shout" with Britney Spears and "#thatPower" with Justin Bieber, and served as a promotional single from the record. will.i.am and Cyrus promoted the song with live performances on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Good Morning America in June. It was released to Australian radio stations in July 2013 as the third single from the record; an Italian release followed on September 6.
In contrast from the electronic dance music elements presented in "Scream & Shout" and "#thatPower", "Fall Down" leans towards an urban contemporary musical style. The chorus incorporates electropop elements, while the verses tend towards a hip hop format, while the track itself culminates with an orchestral bridge. will.i.am mentioned the bridge as his favorite piece of #willpower, and described the overall song as sounding like "Quincy Jones just sneezed on it." Lyrically, the track describes the positive impact a couple has on each other, as seen in the lines "Girl, you're like an elevator cause you always pick me up / Girl, you're like a doctor when I'm sick you always stitch me up".
Critical reception
"Fall Down" received generally negative reviews from music critics, who were disappointed with its overall production. Writing for AllMusic, Fred Thomas was displeased that featuring "big gun" Cyrus still resulted in a "manufactured disposable pop moment", and further elaborated that the song felt like one of #willpowers "interminable 15 tracks [that] were written in the studio moments before they were recorded." Sam Lansky from Idolator shared a similar sentiment, opining that Cyrus felt "mostly phoned-in" by comparison with the "emotional punch" Cyrus delivered on her collaboration with American rapper Snoop Lion, "Ashtrays and Heartbreaks". Andy Peterson of Contactmusic.com criticized the production of the track, stating that listeners are "treated to the sort of identikit trance-plus-autotune sound that's been annexing American teen culture in the last couple of years".
Writing for entertainment.ie, Karen Lawler criticized lyrics like "you could be my Coca Cola, let me sip it up" for acting as a substitute for the "articulate rhymes on which [will.i.am] built his reputation", Brent Faulkner from PopMatters agreed that the lyrical content was sub-par, and called the song itself "utterly ridiculous". Mesfin Fekadu from The Huffington Post called Cyrus' contributions to the song "forgettable". Gregory Hicks of The Michigan Daily compared "Fall Down" to "Die Young" and "Crazy Kids" by American recording artist Kesha, all three of which were produced by Dr. Luke, which Hicks felt indicated that "Dr. Luke's production and writing continues to dwindle as he copy and pastes his work with Ke$ha onto this will.i.am track."
Commercial performance
In the United States, "Fall Down" peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also charted at number four on the Dance/Electronic Songs component chart. The track reached number 15 on the Canadian Hot 100, which is also organized by Billboard. In Europe, the track experienced varying commercial success. "Fall Down" peaked at number 17 on the Irish Singles Chart, and charted at number 37 on the Swedish Sverigetopplistan. It reached number 45 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 and number 48 on the French SNEP. The track respectively peaked at numbers 50 and 52 on the Wallonia Ultratop and the Flanders Ultratip in Belgian, and respectively reached numbers five and 30 on the Dance charts in each region. It also charted at number 59 on the Swiss Hitparade. In Oceania, "Fall Down" respectively peaked at numbers 14 and 15 on the Australian ARIA Charts and the Official New Zealand Music Chart; it was certified platinum in Australia, and gold in New Zealand.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of #willpower.
Produced by Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco and Cirkut
Written by William Adams, Lukasz Gottwald, Benjamin Levin, Henry Walter
Orchestral and string arrangement by Onree Gill and will.i.am
Orchestral portions by Czech Symphony Orchestra
Mixed by Serban Ghenea
Additional mixing by Dylan "3-d" Dresdow
Recorded and engineered by Clint Gibbs at Luke's In The Boo in Malibu, Ca & will.i.am and Padraic "Padlock" Kerin at Record Plant in Hollywood, Ca
Engineering assisted by Rachel Findlen
Czech Symphony Orchestra recorded and engineered by Michal Pekárek at Ve Smečkách in Prague, Czech Republic
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2013 singles
2013 songs
Electropop songs
Interscope Records singles
Miley Cyrus songs
Song recordings produced by Benny Blanco
Song recordings produced by Cirkut
Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke
Songs written by Benny Blanco
Songs written by Dr. Luke
Songs written by will.i.am
Will.i.am songs
Songs written by Cirkut |
TJ Gottwaldov is the outdated name of two Czech sport clubs from Zlín:
FC Fastav Zlín - football club
RI OKNA Zlín - ice hockey team |
Al Khurayb (; also spelled Lekhraib and Al Khuraib) is a village in Qatar located in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya. The closest major city is the municipal seat, Al-Shahaniya City. Historically, the village has been inhabited primarily by members of the Dawasir tribe.
Etymology
According to the Ministry of Municipality and Environment, "khurayb" is derived from the Arabic word "kharab", which translates to "damage". This name was given to the area because during the wet season, fast-flowing water would engulf the area, causing harm to the local vegetation.
History
J.G. Lorimer makes mention of Al Khurayb in his 1908 handbook, the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. He listed its location as 19 miles south-west of Khor Shaqiq and 16 miles east from the east coast. Remarking on the nature of the settlement, he describes at as a Bedouin camping ground where good water is obtainable at 15 fathoms from a masonry well.
Geography
Al Khurayb is close to the municipal seat of Al-Shahaniya City, 7 km to the south. It is situated 40 km away from the capital Doha.
After oil was first struck on the western Dukhan anticline in 1939, two deep wells were bored close to Al Khurayb in 1953, so as to examine the oil-producing capability at the peak of the Qatar anticline, which Al Khurayb and the majority of Qatar lies on. The outcomes were less than desirable, prompting prospectors to continue their investigations further north.
The Al Dossari Zoo & Game Reserve, a private park founded in 1980, is based in Al Khurayb. More than 300 animals can be found in the park which spans at least 100,000 square meters. It is a popular destination for families. Facilities include residential buildings and a heritage center. The Qatar Tourism Authority has been active in developing the site as a tourist destination.
Infrastructure
Basic utilities such as water and electricity are sub-par. Waste removal is also a problem in the village, as debris often obstructs its streets. Few shops are located nearby.
The village hosts the largest sheep complex in Qatar, and in recent years the government established a feed storage warehouse. There is not yet a veterinary clinic in the complex.
References
Populated places in Al-Shahaniya |
Leoh Dodo Digbeu (born 25 June 1990) is an Ivorian footballer who plays as a forward.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Ivorian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
CS Minaur Baia Mare (football) players
CFR Cluj players
FC UTA Arad players
CS Național Sebiș players
CS Concordia Chiajna players
Africa Sports d'Abidjan players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Ivorian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
People from Adzopé |
Dasysyrphus creper is a species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae.
References
External links
Syrphini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1895 |
Tricia Black is a Canadian actress, writer and comedian. She is most noted for her role in the 2020 web series Band Ladies, for which she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Web Program or Series at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021, and her voice role in the 2022 animated series Summer Memories, for which she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Performance in an Animated Program or Series at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.
Early life
Originally from Saint John, New Brunswick, she is an alumna of The Second City's Toronto company, for which she was one of the writers and performers of the Canadian Comedy Award-winning LGBTQ-themed comedy show Extravaganza Eleganza in 2019.
Career
Black has also been associated with Toronto sketch comedy troupe The Sketchersons, and has had supporting or guest appearances in the television series New Eden, Kim's Convenience, What We Do in the Shadows, Baroness von Sketch Show and Pretty Hard Cases. They can also be seen in feature films like The Broken Hearts Gallery, The Man from Toronto, and as Norris in the upcoming film Dear David.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian comedians
Canadian sketch comedians
Canadian comedy writers
Canadian women comedians
Canadian television actresses
Actresses from New Brunswick
Comedians from New Brunswick
Canadian LGBT actors
Lesbian comedians
Canadian Screen Award winning actors
Canadian LGBT comedians
21st-century Canadian LGBT people |
Lenodora is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae confined to India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1883.
Description
Palpi rather short and thickly clothed with hair. Antennae with long branches in male and short in female. Legs thickly clothed with hair. Minute terminal pairs of spurs to mid and hind tibia. Forewings are broad and rounded. veins 6 and 7 stalked. The stalk of veins 8 and 9 rather short. Hindwings with veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell. Vein 8 curved and met by a bar from vein 7. The accessory costal veinlets are prominent and numerous.
Species
Lenodora crenata
Lenodora fia
Lenodora hyalomelaena
Lenodora oculata
Lenodora semihyalina
Lenodora signata
Lenodora vittata
References
External links
Lasiocampidae |
(January 28, 676 – December 6, 735) was a Japanese imperial prince in the Nara period. He was a son of Emperor Tenmu. He was given the posthumous name , as the father of Emperor Junnin. In the beginning of the Nara period, he gained political power as a leader of the Imperial family together with Prince Nagaya. He supervised the compilation of the Nihon Shoki.
Genealogy
Prince Toneri was a son of Emperor Tenmu. Toneri's mother was Princess Nītabe, who was a daughter of Emperor Tenji.
His consort was Taima-no-Yamashiro (or Tagima-no-Yamashiro) and he had many sons: Princes Mihara, Mishima, Fune (or Funa), Ikeda, Moribe, Miura and Ōi (later Emperor Junnin).
Although he was plagued, he survived and lived longest among the sons of Emperor Tenmu.
Some of his descendants (known as the Kiyohara clan) took the Kiyohara surname. Examples include Kiyohara no Natsuno, who was the grandson of Prince Mihara, Kiyohara no Fukayabu, Kiyohara no Motosuke and his daughter, Sei Shōnagon.
Family
Parents
Father: Emperor Tenmu (天武天皇, c. 631 – 1 October 686)
Mother: Princess Niitabe (新田部皇女), Emperor Tenji’s daughter
Consorts and issues
Consort (Hi): Tagima no Yamashiro (当麻山背)
Seventh Son: Prince Ōi (大炊王, 733 – 10 November 765), later Emperor Junnin (淳仁天皇)
Consort (Hi): Lady Toma (当麻氏)
Third Son: Prince Fune (船王)
Unknown Mother
First son: Prince Mihara (三原王, d. 2 August 752), descend of the Kiyowara clan (清原氏)
Second Son: Prince Moshima (三島王)
Fourth Son: Prince Ikeda (池田王)
Fifth Son: Prince Moribe (守部王)
Sixth Son: Prince Miura (御浦王)
First Daughter: Princess Muri (室女王, d. 4 December 759)
Second Daughter: Princess Asukata (飛鳥田女王, 23 July 783)
In popular culture
The character Toneri Otsutsuki in The Last: Naruto the Movie is named after Prince Toneri.
Ancestry
References
Japanese princes
676 births
735 deaths
Man'yō poets
Sons of emperors |
Bhoogolam Thiriyunnu is a 1974 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by Sreekumaran Thampi. The film stars Raghavan, Rani Chandra, Roja Ramani and Vincent in the lead roles. The film featured original songs composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy.
Cast
Raghavan as Sukumaran
Rani Chandra as Vijayamma
Roja Ramani as Mani
Vincent as Jayan
Sukumari as Chandramathi
KPAC Lalitha as Vatsala
Sankaradi as Aanashanku Pilla
T. R. Omana as Gauriyamma
T. S. Muthaiah as Subramanyan Aashaari
Paul Vengola as Marriage broker
Alummoodan as Prakkattu Kurup
Baby Sumathi as Gopi's Daughter
Bahadoor as Krishnan Kutty
C. K. Aravindakshan as Varghese
C. K. Saraswathi as Elzabeth
Janardanan as Gopi
Kunchan as Aanakkaaran Panikkar
Kuthiravattam Pappu as Vandikkaaran
Master Rajakumaran Thampi as Gopi's Son
Sadhana as Morukaari Paaru
M. G. Soman as Dr. Murali
Soundtrack
The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
References
External links
1974 films
1970s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Sreekumaran Thampi |
The Hirondel (sometimes misspelled as Hirondelle) is a fictional car driven by Simon Templar, the protagonist of a book series by Leslie Charteris. The Hirondel is an opulent, eight-cylinder, cream and red vehicle costing £5,000 and is a recurring element in many of The Saint books. The Hirondel is also used by Storm (Captain Arden) in the non-Saint novel Daredevil. Daredevil also features inspector Teal. The Hirondel was featured in a 1972 issue of Automobile Quarterly (Vol. 10 No. 1).
References
External links
The Saint's Hirondel—Article at www.saint.org
The Cars of The Saint—Article at www.saint.org
Teal Cars—A Bugatti-inspired recreation of the Hirondel as it might have been
Fictional cars |
Athetis gluteosa is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, through central and southern Europe to northern Turkey, Transcaucasia, southern Russia, the southern parts of the Ural, southern Siberia, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
The wingspan is 24–27 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of June to mid August in one generation.
References
External links
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Acronictinae
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths described in 1835
Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke |
During the Vietnam War, the U.S. confirmed 206 aircraft lost to North Vietnamese surface-to-air missiles.
However, some of the U.S. aircraft "crashed in flight accidents", in fact, were lost to S-75 missiles. When landing at an airfield in Thailand, one B-52 was heavily damaged by a SAM, rolled off the runway and exploded on mines that had been installed around the airfield for protection from enemy attacks; only one crewman survived. Subsequently, this B-52 was counted as "crashed in flight accidents". According to Dana Drenkowski and Lester W. Grau, the number of U.S. aircraft lost, confirmed by the U.S. is uncorroborated since the U.S. figures are also suspect. If a plane was badly damaged, but managed to land, the USAF did not normally count it as an aerial combat loss, even if it was too damaged to fly again.
During the Vietnam war, the Soviet Union deployed missile operators along with 95 S-75 systems and 7,658 missiles to the North Vietnamese. From 1965 thru 1967 Soviet missilemen downed nearly 50 U.S. attack or reconnaissance jet aircraft. 6,806 missiles were launched or removed because they were outdated (including 5,800 launches). In total, the U.S. lost 3,374 fixed wing aircraft in combat during the war; in both North and South Vietnam. According to the North Vietnamese, 31% were shot down by S-75 missiles (1,046 aircraft, or 6 missiles per one kill); 60% were shot down by anti-aircraft guns; and 9% were shot down by MiG fighters. The S-75 missile system significantly improved the effectiveness of North Vietnamese anti-aircraft artillery, which used data from S-75 radar stations
The following is a list of 205 U.S. aircraft lost to surface-to-air missiles during the Vietnam War (confirmed by the U.S.)
References
Sources
Axe, David. Drone War Vietnam. Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. 2021.
Davies, Peter. F-105 Wild Weasel Vs SA-2 "Guideline" SAM Vietnam 1965-1973. Osprey 2011.
Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961-1973, 2001, Midland Publishing, Great Britain. .
Michel III, Marshal L. Clashes, Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965-1972.'' Naval Institute Press. 1997.
Aircraft losses
US aircraft losses|Aircraft losses, U.S. |
The 2010–11 Regional Four Day Competition was the 45th domestic first-class cricket tournament held in the West Indies, it took place from 4 February 2011 – 9 April 2011. In addition to the seven Caribbean teams, the tournament also featured the England Lions. The tournament consisted of a round-robin that was followed by semi-finals where the top four teams competed. Although the Lions finished 3rd in the table, they were ineligible to play in the knock-out phase.
Jamaica won the tournament after beating Combined Campuses and Colleges in the final, it was their 4th tournament win in succession and their 11th overall. Jamaica had advanced to the final after a controversial semi-final against Trinidad and Tobago; although the match was drawn, Jamaica advanced because the previous result in the league between the two teams ended in their favour. The Trinidad and Tobago manager, Omar Khan, claimed that "there is still some misinterpretation concerning the rule pertaining to advancing to the finals....We find it very unfair."
Marlon Samuels of Jamaica finished as the tournament's highest run-scorer, he made 853 runs at an average of 65.61, including three centuries and a highest score of 250 not out. The leading wicket-taker in the competition was Ryan Austin of the Combined Campuses and Colleges, he took 44 wickets at an average of 19.15 with best innings figures of 7/134.
Points table
Semi finals
Final
Points allocation
Completed match
Outright win – 12
Loser if 1st Innings lead obtained – 4
Loser if tie on 1st Innings – 3
Loser if 1st Innings also lost – 0
Tie – 8
Incomplete Match
1st Innings lead – 6
1st Innings loss – 3
Tie on 1st innings – 4
Score Equal in a Drawn Match
Team batting on the 4th innings – 8
Team fielding on the 4th innings if that team has lead on 1st inning – 6
If scores tied on 1st innings – 4
If team has lost on 1st innings – 3
Abandoned Match
In the event of a match being abandoned without any play having taken place, or in the event of there being no 1st innings decision, three points each.
References
Regional Four Day Competition
2010–11 West Indian cricket season
Regional Four Day Competition seasons |
Justus Weinreich (May 24, 1858, Kassel - January 19, 1927, Baden-Baden) was a German composer and musician (violinist and violist).
He probably received his first lessons from his father Johann Georg Weinreich, an oboist serving in the Elector's personal bodyguard regiment. After 1873, Weinreich worked as second violin in Kassel's court theater orchestra. Years of traveling followed. From 1876 to 1878 he worked as 1st violinist in Bonn and in 1879–1880 in Königsberg. Weinreich then moved to Baden-Baden. At the beginning of 1883 he joined the Karlsruhe court orchestra as a viola player, rising in 1885 to court musician, in 1893 to 3rd solo viola, and in 1914 to chamber musician. From 1890 to 1923 was solo violist of Badische Staatskapelle, Karlsruhe (Baden State Symphony Orchestra; founded in 1662). Vision problems and a chronic neuralgic complaint forced him to quit his post in 1917. He returned to Baden-Baden where he died on January 19, 1927.
Compositions
His compositions include:
3 Duets (G/C/d), op. 5, for 2 Violas
3 Suites (Es/F/G), for Solo Viola (Premier recording by Roland Glassl)
Serenade in D for Violin and Viola
2 string quartets
18 Etudes for Viola
"Major and Minor": 24 Etudes and Character Pieces in Every Key for Viola, op. 8
4 Pieces for 4 Violins (or 3 violins and viola) in first position (published 1898 by Johann Andre in Offenbach) dedicated to the ""Allgemeinen Musikbildungs-Anstalt"" in Karlsruhe
References and Further Reading
Traber, Habakuk, Liner Notes to Roland Glassl's CD, Audite 2016 External Link
Sawodny, Wolfgang, "An Unknown Master of the Viola" The Viola : yearbook of the International Viola Research Society (1983) Kassel : Bärenreiter
Justus Weinreich on World Cat: World Cat Identity
References
1858 births
1927 deaths
German violinists
20th-century German composers
German violists
20th-century violists |
Aeroflot Flight 6709 was a Tupolev Tu-154B on a domestic route from Baku to Leningrad on 19 May 1978. While cruising, fuel starvation affected the flow of fuel to the aircraft's three Kuznetsov NK-8 engines, causing the engines to stop. This issue was possibly as a result of poor aircraft design.
Accident details
Aeroflot Flight 6709 took off from Bina International Airport at 10:30 a.m. MSK. It was bound for Pulkovo Airport in Leningrad, a distance of . Roughly two hours into the flight, the engines lost power. Some sources state that this was due to an accidental shutoff of fuel pumping to the aircraft's sump tank by the flight engineer, though the accuracy of this claim is uncertain. Due to the poor design of the Tu-154B, a single fuel pump failure could result in the stoppage of all three engines. Soon after the engines lost power, the aircraft's AC generators stopped. This resulted in an abrupt pitch and roll of the aircraft, the first sign of malfunction that the pilots noticed.
During descent, the pilots tried multiple times to restart the engines. Some of these attempts worked, but did not supply enough power to the generators to restart the fuel pump. The pilots also attempted to use the aircraft's auxiliary power unit (APU) to restart the fuel pump, but its operation was disabled by design at altitudes above .
The aircraft landed in a potato and barley field southeast of Maksatikha at 1:32 p.m. The aircraft bounced several times, separating into three pieces upon contact with trees. Two to three minutes after stopping, the aircraft's fuselage caught fire and was destroyed. The crash and resulting fire caused 4 fatalities and 27 injuries.
References
1978 in the Soviet Union
1978 in Russia
Accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154
6709
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by fuel starvation
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1978
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
Aviation accidents and incidents in Russia
May 1978 events in Asia |
Credo is a former pastoral lease located about north of Coolgardie in the Goldfields of Western Australia.
The station occupies an area of . The pastoral lease was acquired by the Department of Environment and Conservation in 2007 and is now used as a tourist destination, offering overnight stays in the six dongas on the site.
The explorer Ernest Giles passed through the area in 1875 and had an encounter at nearby Ularring Rock with an Aboriginal tribe.
The station was set up by William Henry Halford, who arrived in the area in 1904 after departing from Mintabying in South Australia in 1903, via Fowlers Bay, Eucla and Balladonia.
The station is divided into two sections; the Halford homestead is on the Black Flag area and is split from the other part by Carbine Station. The second area contains another homestead along with holding yards and shearing sheds. The station contains many native trees, including black oak, salmon gum and gimlet with underbrush such as wattle, blue bush and salt bush.
Halford set up the Overland Dairy near Kalgoorlie and started to run cattle from Binyarinyinna near Lake Cowan to Kalgoorlie and acquiring pastoral leases. The family set up a homestead at Black Flag, and Credo was initially an outstation.
Credo itself was established in 1906–1907.
The station switched from cattle to sheep in about 1924 to focus on wool production. Properties in the area were dependent on dams rather than wells for watering stock. Well made dams are scattered every few miles over the property with at least one in every paddock. The dams also came in handy for the many prospectors who came to the region to look for gold. Many old mines once operated in the area, including Black Flag, Four in Hand, Bountiful, Crown and Golden Buckle.
Continuing to produce quality wool, the station (W. H. Halford and Sons) sold 16 bales of wool at the Perth wool auction in 1927 for 22¾d per pound for AAE grade combings, followed by another 34 bales at the second sales that sold at an average of 22d.
W. H. Halford died in April 1928 in Dangin, where he had retired to.
The station shore 8,500 sheep in July 1928 with a team of four shearers and a full crew of shed hands. About 8,000 were the current season's lambs, with 120 bales of wool being produced. The wool was sent to Broad Arrow to be railed to Fremantle, with the wool being described as "clean and bright". This followed what was described as a dry season with only of rain falling since the beginning of the year.
By August 1929 the station had approximately 10,000 sheep on the property. The Halford purchased and took delivery of another 40 merino stud rams from the Anama Stud later the same month.
In 1930 the first shearing run of 7,269 sheep produced 199 bales, but stragglers would increase this total. In 1932 the station shore 10,000 sheep for approximately 300 bales, then in 1933 10,000 were shorn for 309 bales.
At the 1935 wool sales Credo sold off about 80 bales of wool for prices between 18d. to 12d. per pound.
A 45-year-old woman living at Credo, Alice Donaldson, collapsed from an apparent heart attack and died en route to Kalgoorlie in 1948. A stockman named Henry Donaldson was thrown from his horse in 1950 when it ran into a fence. Donaldson's legs were badly hurt as a result of the accident.
700 head of sheep were sold off from the property in December 1950.
Rowles Lagoon, a large natural pool, is found within the station boundaries. The pool is approximately in circumference and used to attract people from the surrounding areas to go swimming. It is also home to a species of native ducks and was once a popular duck-shooting spot.
See also
List of ranches and stations
References
Homesteads in Western Australia
Stations in Goldfields-Esperance
1904 establishments in Australia |
Played in Britain is a ten-year research project for English Heritage which seeks to record and celebrate Britain's sporting and recreational heritage, coinciding with the period from the staging of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester to the 2012 Olympics. Much of the research has been made publicly available in a series of books, also called Played in Britain, featuring historic buildings (such as grandstands, pavilions, swimming pools and billiard halls) and sportscapes (such as golf courses, racecourses, rivers and lakes). The series also looks at sporting artefacts and archaeology.
The Played in Britain research project is led by author and architectural historian Simon Inglis, best known for his books on football grounds, stadiums and football history. Simon Inglis is also the series editor of the Played in Britain books.
Background
The Played in Britain series was launched in 2004, following a pilot study conducted in Manchester in 2002 as part of English Heritage’s contribution to the cultural programme of the 2002 Commonwealth Games. It frequently cites as its inspiration the words of Joseph Strutt, author of the seminal book The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, first published in 1801. Strutt wrote, “In order to form a just estimation of the character of any particular people, it is absolutely necessary to investigate the sports and pastimes most generally prevalent among them.”
Sporting heritage in Britain is expected to gain increased attention as the 2012 Olympics approach, but such attention is often dismissed as tokenism. For example, as government and lottery money was lavished on a new swimming pool in Manchester for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, a few hundred yards away one of the most important historic swimming pools in Europe, the Victoria Baths (built 1903-06) lay empty and abandoned by its owners, Manchester City Council. Some of the other threatened Victorian and Edwardian baths around Britain are in Birmingham, Nottingham, Glasgow and most recently, Ripon. More historic sports venues in London are expected to suffer as funds are increasingly diverted towards projects for the 2012 Olympics.
Research so far
Played in Britain has published studies of the sporting heritage of Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Tyne and Wear, Glasgow (for Historic Scotland) and London.
The series has also featured seven thematic studies:
Uppies and Downies by Hugh Hornby, on the so-called 'extraordinary football games of Britain' such as the Royal Shrovetide Football match at Ashbourne, the Kirkwall Ba Game at Christmas and New Year and the annual Haxey Hood game in Lincolnshire. Hornby is a former curator at the National Football Museum in Preston.
Liquid Assets by Janet Smith, is a study of the lidos and open air swimming pools of Britain, of which there are approximately 100 left, down from a peak of around 300 in the early 1950s. The book’s foreword was written by artist Tracey Emin, herself a great fan of outdoor swimming from her youth in Margate.
Engineering Archie by Simon Inglis, looks at the life and work of the Scottish football ground engineer Archibald Leitch.
Great Lengths by Dr Ian Gordon and Simon Inglis, features detailed studies of 54 of Britain's historic indoor swimming pools and includes a comprehensive directory of extant baths-related buildings from 1800-1970. The foreword to Great Lengths is written by double Olympic gold medallist, Rebecca Adlington.
Played at the Pub by Arthur Taylor describes the wide range of pub games to be found in Britain, from darts to dwile flonking, and features long lost games such as knur and spell and nipsy.
The British Olympics, Britain's Olympic heritage 1612-2012 by Martin Polley, who details Britain's surprisingly long association with the Olympics.
Bowled Over, the bowling greens of Britain, by Hugh Hornby, on the rich history and heritage of bowling and the associated greens and pavilions of Britain.
The series has been regularly reviewed in the national press and media, but received its most surprising boost from the TV programme Richard & Judy, which featured a pocket book in the series, called A Load of Old Balls. Although apparently a flippant title, the book is actually about the design and manufacture of balls in sport, and the decline of the British ball manufacturing industry.
Another strand in the series is devoted to reproducing the archives of Charles Buchan’s Football Monthly, a pioneering magazine founded by Charles Buchan and first published in 1951. Five books from the archive have been published so far - The Best of Charles Buchan's Football Monthly, Charles Buchan's Arsenal Gift Book, Charles Buchan's Manchester United Gift Book, Charles Buchan's Spurs Gift Book and Charles Buchan's Liverpool Gift Book.
Bibliography
Played in Manchester by Simon Inglis
Played in Birmingham by Steve Beauchampe and Simon Inglis
Played in Liverpool by Ray Physick
Played in Tyne and Wear by Lynn Pearson
Played in Glasgow by Ged O'Brien
Played in London by Simon Inglis
A Load of Old Balls by Simon Inglis
Uppies and Downies by Hugh Hornby
Liquid Assets by Janet Smith
Engineering Archie by Simon Inglis
Great Lengths by Dr Ian Gordon and Simon Inglis
Played at the Pub by Arthur Taylor
The British Olympics by Martin Polley
Bowled Over by Hugh Hornby
The Best of Charles Buchan’s Football Monthly
Charles Buchan’s Manchester United Gift Book
Charles Buchan’s Arsenal Gift Book
Charles Buchan's Spurs Gift Book
Charles Buchan's Liverpool Gift Book
References
Played in Britain
English Heritage
Our sporting heritage is being lost Telegraph
Scrums of village comfort Telegraph
Lidos are back with a splash Financial Times
Sporting cathedrals pass into oblivion Financial Times
The sporting legacy that helped to shape our city Liverpool Daily Post
On the edge New Statesman
Man who built his place in history Times
External links
The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England
Victoria Baths, Manchester
Moseley Road Baths, Balsall Heath, Birmingham
Victoria Baths, Nottingham
Broomhill Pool, Ipswich
Govanhill Baths, Glasgow
Ripon Spa, Ripon
Haggerston Pool, Hackney
Lidos in the UK
Martin Polley's blog
English Heritage |
Mark Frederick Gottfried (born January 20, 1964) is an American men's college basketball coach and former player who most recently served as head coach of the Cal State Northridge Matadors
Gottfried played one season at Oral Roberts and three seasons at Alabama, advancing to the Sweet Sixteen in each of his seasons with the Crimson Tide. He spent eight seasons as an assistant coach at UCLA, including the team's 1995 NCAA championship season, three years as head coach at Murray State, eleven years as head coach at Alabama, and six seasons at North Carolina State.
Early years
Gottfried was born in Crestline, Ohio. He played varsity basketball at Carterville High School in Carterville, Illinois, and Carbondale Community High School in Carbondale, Illinois. He then played for UMS Prep (now known as UMS-Wright Preparatory School) in Mobile, Alabama, during his senior year, averaging 21.6 ppg/11.2 rpg before graduating in 1982. As a student, he was selected to the National Honor Society. Gottfried was inducted into UMS-Wright's Hall of Fame and in 2004, was the UMS Alumnus of the Year.
College career
Gottfried attended Oral Roberts on a basketball scholarship. After playing there for one season, where he was a Freshman All-American, he transferred to Alabama. There, he started 98 consecutive games, and Alabama advanced to the Sweet Sixteen in all three seasons he played. He holds the school records for most 3-point shots made in a single game with eight in a 1987 game against Vanderbilt, and for career 3-point field goal percentage (.485, 81–167). Gottfried graduated with a Bachelor of Arts & Sciences in Communications from the University of Alabama in 1987, after winning both the school's Hayden Riley Top Scholar Award and the Bryant Award as the school's top scholar-athlete during his senior year. He was selected by the Detroit Pistons in the seventh round of the 1987 NBA draft, though he never played professionally. Instead, he spent three years touring with Athletes in Action, then attended UCLA graduate school for two years.
Coaching career
UCLA
Gottfried served as an assistant coach for eight seasons (1988–95) at UCLA under Jim Harrick. Other members of the staff were former St. John's and UCLA head coach Steve Lavin and former Washington head coach Lorenzo Romar. The Bruins were the 1995 NCAA champions with Gottfried as an assistant coach and recruiter. The Bruins were ranked 1st nationally for their recruiting class in 1994 and produced future NBA players Ed O'Bannon, George Zidek, Tyus Edney, Don MacLean, Tracy Murray, Trevor Wilson, Darrick Martin and Mitchell Butler. Gottfried faced his former school twice as head coach at Alabama, losing 79–57 in the 2001 John Wooden Classic and losing 62–59 in the second round of the 2006 NCAA tournament.
Murray State
Gottfried was head coach from 1995 to 1998 at Murray State University and compiled a 68–24 overall record. Murray State advanced to the NCAA tournament in 1997 and again in 1998 and made the NIT in his first season there in 1996. He coached the Racers to Ohio Valley Conference championships in each of his seasons as head coach, becoming the first head coach to win three OVC titles in only three seasons. In his last season, the Racers finished 25th in the final AP Poll.
Alabama
Gottfried was hired by the University of Alabama on March 25, 1998. He led the Tide to the SEC regular season championship in the 2001–02 season, their first regular-season title in 15 years. The following year, his team became the first in Crimson Tide history to be ranked No. 1 in the AP poll. The team held the ranking for two weeks before losing 51–49 to Utah shortly before conference play. During the end of the following season, his team upset top-ranked and top-seeded Stanford in the second round of the NCAA tournament. The squad then defeated reigning national champion Syracuse to advance to the Elite Eight, achieving another program first. The Tide ultimately lost to eventual national champion UConn. For his efforts, Gottfried was named SEC coach of the year by the AP and his fellow coaches. The next season, Alabama entered the NCAA tournament as a fifth seed before suffering a first-round loss to UW–Milwaukee.
After that, his tenure at Alabama was marked by key player injuries and disappointment. Alabama posted back-to-back losing seasons in the SEC in 2006–07 and 2007–08. The 2007–08 season marked the first time in nine years (only the second time under Gottfried) that Alabama did not reach either the NIT or NCAA post-season tournament, although the Tide did receive an invitation to the first annual College Basketball Invitational, which it did not accept. On January 26, 2009, after the controversial departure of player Ronald Steele and an underperforming season at that point, Gottfried met with Alabama Athletics Director Mal Moore and resigned mid-season.
NC State
On April 5, 2011, Gottfried accepted the job as head coach of the NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team. To celebrate the upcoming basketball season, Gottfried planned to perform a tandem skydive into Carter Finley Stadium during halftime of a football game. The jump, scheduled for September 17, 2011, was canceled due to weather concerns.
On March 11, 2012, the NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team received an 11th seed in the NCAA tournament. Because his team was selected into the tournament, Gottfried received a two-year extension on his contract through April 4, 2018. On March 18, 2012, Gottfried's 11th-seeded Wolfpack team defeated the 3rd-seeded Georgetown Hoyas in the 3rd round of the NCAA Tournament, earning a Sweet 16 berth. Five days later, the Wolfpack lost to 2nd-seeded Kansas Jayhawks in the Sweet 16.
On January 12, 2013, Gottfried became just the 14th coach in history to beat the #1 ranked team in the country with two separate schools after beating Duke 84–76 (having previously done so at Alabama).
During the 2014–2015 season, NC State picked up wins against two Top 10 conference opponents (Jan 11 vs Duke and Feb 14 vs Louisville). Both Top 10 victories came immediately after losses to the ACC leading Virginia Cavaliers. The road victory against the Louisville Cardinals was only the third time since the turn of the century that the Wolfpack had picked up a road win vs. an AP Top 10 squad, snapping a 22-game drought in such games. NC State would qualify for the NCAA Tournament as an 8 seed eliminating the top seeded Villanova Wildcats before falling to number 4 seed Louisville Cardinals in the Sweet 16 Gottfried's second in 4 years with the Wolfpack. However it would be Gottfried's last winning season in Raleigh.
On January 23, 2017, Gottfried earned his 400th career win as a head coach by defeating #17 Duke in an 84–82 thriller at Cameron Indoor Stadium. It was the first time since January 1995 that NC State had won at Duke.
After two losing consecutive seasons, including going 9–27 in the ACC during those seasons and several transfers out, Gottfried was on the hot seat.
On February 16, 2017, after a meeting between Gottfried and athletic director Debbie Yow, NC State announced that Gottfried would not return as head coach for the following season.
In July 2019, the NCAA charged NC State with a series of violations regarding the recruitment of former star Dennis Smith Jr. They included two Level I violations against Gottfried, including failure to control the program and failure to monitor assistant Orlando Early, who was accused of facilitating payments to Smith. In December 2021, the NCAA placed NC State on one year of probation for the violations and ordered the Wolfpack to vacate all of its wins in 2016–17. It also slapped Gottfried with a one-year show-cause penalty, effective until December 19, 2022. If Gottfried works at another NCAA member school during this period, that school must show why Gottfried must not be sanctioned. Early was hit with a six-year show-cause penalty.
Dallas Mavericks
Gottfried joined the Dallas Mavericks as an assistant coach for their 2017 NBA Summer League team. The Mavericks had drafted Dennis Smith, Jr., who played for Gottfried at NC State for one season, in the 2017 NBA draft.
Cal State Northridge
Gottfried was hired as head coach of Cal State Northridge on March 12, 2018. The infractions case at NC State was announced shortly after the end of Gottfried's first season, leading Yahoo! Sports' Pat Forde to recall that CSU Northridge's decision to hire him had been much criticized.In April 2021, CSU Northridge placed Gottfried and his staff on leave amid an internal investigation into potential rules violations in the basketball program. He never returned; he and CSU Northridge mutually agreed to part ways in December 2021, shortly after he was handed a show-cause penalty for the violations at NC State. Had Gottfried returned, CSU Northridge would have had to convince the NCAA that Gottfried should not be sanctioned, and could have been severely punished had he committed additional violations while his show-cause order was in effect. Trent Johnson was named interim coach for the 2021–22 season, and won the job on a permanent basis after the season.
Family
Gottfried is divorced and the father of four sons and one daughter. His oldest son, Brandon, was a standout athlete at Gulf Shores High School (Gulf Shores, Alabama) in both football and basketball and graduated from Stanford University, where he played football as a tight end. His daughter, Mary Layson, is an accomplished international fashion model. His father, Joe Gottfried, is a former NCAA Southern Illinois Univ-Carbondale basketball coach and retired as director of athletics at the University of South Alabama in 2009. His uncle, Mike Gottfried, was a college football head coach (Murray State, Cincinnati, Kansas and Pittsburgh) and an analyst on ESPN college football broadcasts.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Cal State Northridge profile
1964 births
Living people
Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball coaches
Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Ohio
Basketball players from Ohio
Cal State Northridge Matadors men's basketball coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Murray State Racers men's basketball coaches
NC State Wolfpack men's basketball coaches
Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball players
People from Crestline, Ohio
Shooting guards
UCLA Bruins men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players |
Samy Badibanga Ntita (born 12 September 1962) is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from November 2016 to May 2017. He was also on the ballot for the 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election as a presidential candidate.
Early life and education
Badibanga was born on 12 September 1962 in Kinshasa (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo. He graduated from the Higher Institute of Human Sciences in Geneva in 1986, then the School of the High Council of the Diamond (Hoge Raad voor Diamant) in Antwerp and the International Gemological Institute of Antwerp.
Career
Professional
His career began in 1986 when he became a managing director of SOCODAM SPRL. He also became the director and managing director of SAMEX TRADING SPRL in 1995.
He later became a consultant for BHP Billiton from 2005 to 2010, participating in the introduction of the company in the country, particularly in partnerships with public enterprises. In 2006, he created the Federation of Explorers and Extractors (FEE) in the country to promote good governance in natural resources management. He was also a senior lecturer at iPAD DRC meetings in the mining sector from 2005 to 2009.
Political
Badibanga is an honoury member of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress since 1994.
Badibanga was closely associated with opposition leader Étienne Tshisekedi prior to the November 2011 presidential election and was elected national deputy the same year. Tshisekedi, alleging that the official results were fraudulent, ordered the newly elected UDPS deputies, Badibanga among them, to boycott the National Assembly. Badibanga took his seat anyway, becoming President of the UDPS and Allies Parliamentary Group and thereby creating a rift between himself and Tshisekedi.
In October 2016, Badibanga participated in a dialogue between the government and some elements of the opposition regarding the timing of the next election. The dialogue resulted in an agreement for Kabila to remain in office beyond the normal end of his term (December 2016) to allow time for the organization of the next election, which was delayed until April 2018, while also stipulating that a representative of the opposition would serve as Prime Minister during the period leading up to the election. President Joseph Kabila then appointed Badibanga as Prime Minister on 17 November 2016. In doing so, he bypassed a more prominent representative of the opposition who also participated in the dialogue, Vital Kamerhe, contrary to general expectations. More radical elements of the opposition, associated with Étienne Tshisekedi, opposed any deal with the government allowing Kabila to remain in office. Shortly after his appointment, he was accused of being a Congolese-Belgian dual citizen by Olivier Kamitatu, the former president of the National Assembly, which is forbidden in the DRC. On 19 December 2016, he formed his cabinet.
Badibanga resigned in April 2017 after Kabila announced that he planned to appoint a new prime minister from the opposition. Kabila appointed Bruno Tshibala as Prime Minister on 7 April.
On 27 July 2019, Badibanga was elected vice-president of the upper house of the DRC parliament, The Senate.
See also
List of heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
References
External links
https://twitter.com/samybadibanga
1962 births
Living people
People from Kinshasa
Prime Ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo) politicians |
Subsets and Splits