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Associations Between Biofuel Production and Sustainable Development Goals 2, 6, 7, 13, and 15 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4324 | Alicja Mazurkiewicz; Ceyhun Elgin | 05-31-2023 | Total biofuel demand in areas like transport and energy is set to grow by almost 30% annually to reach 50 billion gallons by 2026. Biofuels' association with sustainable development has been a subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. Even the most robust studies on this topic examine only a small number of sustainable development indicators across a limited number of countries. This study analyzes whether biofuel production could advance, impede, or have no association with targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2, 6, 7, 13, and 15, which relate to biofuel production on a global scale. Correlations between ethanol, biodiesel, and total biofuel production datasets and 23 indicators of the selected targets in 34 of the world's largest biofuel-producing countries for 2009–2019 were compiled and analyzed in the context of the existing literature. Findings suggest that biofuel production has varying associations with SDG targets. |
Investigating convergence and divergence of sequences | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4181 | Jayan Gandhi; Hayk Sedrakayan | 05-31-2023 | Convergence and divergence questions and limit of sequences appear in many different levels of mathematics including high school calculus and college-level research topics. In this paper, we are providing different approaches and techniques to deal with limit of sequences, convergence, and divergence. We also consider several applications and different examples to explain how these techniques can be used. |
Population Dynamics of Intertidal Resident Species during a Reduction in Asian Shore Crab Population | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4262 | Ryan Fernandez; Alejandro Victoria | 05-31-2023 | Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab), which is native to coastal estuarine habitats along the east coast of Asia, have overtaken a wide range of the coast in the northeastern region of the United States. Intertidal population densities of Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Cancer irroratus (Atlantic rock crab), Littorina littorea (Common periwinkle), and Modiolus demissus (Atlantic Ribbed Mussel), among others, were measured at three sample sites from 8/2/22 to 11/14/22 using quadrat sampling techniques. A period of removal was enacted solely upon Sample site #1 from 9/28/22 to 11/2/22 to cause a reduction in the Asian shore crab population. During the period of removal, no statistically significant changes in Asian shore crab demographics (Carapace size/sex ratios) would be observed (p = 0.181 for carapace size changes). There would however be an 8% decrease in Asian shore crab population density within Sample site #1, comparative to a 1% increase at Sample site 2. Rock crab population density at Sample site #1 would increase by a relatively drastic 31%, whereas the Rock crab population would experience only a 7% increase at Sample site #2. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to derive the effective number of species (ENS). There would be a drastic difference in change of ENS following the removal period at Sample site #1 (increase of 0.248 ENS), and the change of ENS at Sample site #2 (decrease of 0.024 ENS), suggesting the reduction in Asian Shore Crab population played a role in increased population diversity of intertidal resident species. |
Utilizing Machine Learning to Predict the Number of Bikes in an Area | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4220 | Tavishi Bansal; Guillermo Goldsztein | 05-31-2023 | Machine learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence that uses data to make predictions and improve the accuracy of its outcomes. In this article, the problem discussed is classified as supervised learning and the technique utilized is Logistic Regression. After a description detailing what supervised learning and logistic regression are, using a data set to develop a model which predicts the number of bikes a rental bike company should provide based on certain conditions is discussed. The accuracy of this model is also communicated and the challenges and how the final estimations were reached are covered. |
Exploring the Acculturation Strategies Among First Generation and Second Generation Indian Immigrants residing in the United States of America | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4173 | Arjun Arya | 05-31-2023 | The majority of Indians living in the US came to the US during the Y2K scare close to 2000 and were first-generation immigrants who faced a very different culture than they had in India. Many people had different strategies to adapt to the newness of American Culture. This paper aims to explore and understand the similarities and differences in the acculturation strategies used by how first-generation parents, specifically mothers and second-generation immigrants i.e. their adolescent children. A total sample of 30 respondents reading in Bay Area (15= mothers, 15= adolescents) was taken using convenience sampling. The adolescent acculturation strategies were measured by the Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire (BIQ) (Szapocznik, Scopetta, Kurtines, & Aranalde, 1978), and adult acculturation strategies were measured by the Likert scale. This questionnaire, based on a scale of 1-5, measures biculturalism and lack thereof, as well as cultural involvement and lack thereof. To analyze, a Mann-Whitney U test was carried out. Children adapted to the new American culture, whereas mothers mainly stayed with Indian culture, and children were more culturally involved than their mothers. This implies that children on the whole used their mother’s strategies about halfway through when they began to incorporate American culture into their life. |
Clinical Pathology of Breast Cancer: Staging and Biomarkers | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4244 | Adithi Jonnagadla | 05-31-2023 | Based on recent statistics, one in every eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life. Breast cancer is classified into a staging system that ranges from zero to four, which is determined by several factors. In the staging system, the clinical pathology taken and tested by the healthcare professional plays a key role in determining the gravity of the patient's case. Biomarkers provide insight into the carcinogenic cells in the person's body, such as the Estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor (HER2), and the progesterone receptor which are discussed in this paper. Each of these biomarkers communicates a specific attribute about the tumor cells and signifies the severity and the extent of the breast cancer. Based on this research, it was proven that there is not a direct correlation, but a slight correlation between the biomarkers found in the cells with the relative stage the patient has. Studies have shown a link between cells testing HER2 positive with high-grade tumors, unfavorable prognosis, lymph node collusion, high mortality rates, and higher rates of recurrence in patients which signify a stage three or four cancer. Studies also suggested that patients who test ER positive, PR negative, and HER2 negative are more likely to have early-stage invasive breast cancer, which alludes to stage one or two clinically. A definite conclusion was not able to be obtained as more research must be conducted, however, general trends were discovered between stages and biomarkers. |
Using Machine Learning to Forecast Progression from Cognitively Normal to Alzheimer's Disease | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4347 | Ann Song | 05-31-2023 | Alzheimer's Disease (AD) affects approximately 50 million individuals worldwide and is estimated to rise to 152 million by 2050. There is currently no treatment for AD that halts the progression from cognitively normal (CN) and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. The ability to predict disease progression will allow for early treatment. While Machine Learning (ML) has been successful in diagnosing the cognitive state, further improvement is necessary for predicting progression. In this study, Random Forest and Bagging Decision Tree Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was utilized to ascertain the cognitive state and forecast progression. Clinical diagnoses, demographics, and post-processed PET and MRI scans used in this study were obtained from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). The findings suggest that aging and lower levels of education are associated with higher risk. The study found that ML using post-processed MRI and PET scans, particularly RFE ML, is effective in diagnosing cognitive states with 90% accuracy. It can predict progression from CN to MCI or AD with 85% accuracy, which is significantly higher than the average reported in literature. Patients with progression from CN to AD were distinguished by elevated amyloid deposition, hippocampus and amygdala atrophy, left accumbens atrophy, thinning of the left hemisphere temporal, and enlarged inferior lateral ventricles. The study demonstrated that RFE ML is effective in diagnosing and predicting the progression of AD. Future studies will concentrate on identifying the specific regions of amyloid plaque that have the most significant impact on cognitive state and progression. |
Heading Towards Accountability: An Analysis of the Efficacy of Concussion Protocol | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4457 | Lucy Rudolph | 05-31-2023 | The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of concussion protocols and accommodations, focusing on what factors were most influential. The approach will be a qualitative one, involving the use of open-ended questions and interviews to extract subjective responses. This approach was taken to encourage authentic answers and data. It concludes with an analysis of the data which reveals that while academic accommodations are beneficial, concussion protocols are not. |
The Bioinformatic Analysis of Cancerous Cells | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4214 | Ayush Yavagal; Coach Jo | 05-31-2023 | Cancer is a ruthless disease that has no definite cure and it is very consequential to treat it. Chemotherapy and other cancer treatments have lasting negative effects on patients, like fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and many other harmful side effects. To decrease the time period of vigorous cancer treatments like chemotherapy, cancer should be detected very early. Pathologists and clinicians have used many methods of cancer diagnosis over the years, but to do this, large amounts of data about a patient and their history are needed. This is known as the bioinformatic analysis of cancer cells. Bioinformatics is the act of using biological information to aid in the diagnosis of a disease, which in this case is cancer. When pathologists have diagnosed cancer in the past, the main component of diagnosis was the processing of this biological data, and it still is a major part of diagnosis today. With the rise of new technologies, Artificial Intelligence has been brought into the medical limelight and has been used extensively in the medical field to process the abundance of this data in recent years. With the use of Artificial Intelligence, the analysis speed of data used to diagnose cancer is higher than if pathologists alone analyzed the data. This paper focuses on the processing of bioinformatic data in pathologists’ cancer diagnosis workflow. |
The Federal Reserve and Institutional Money Market Funds in March 2020 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4286 | Nikhil Kamisetty | 05-31-2023 | In this article, I discuss which Federal Reserve (Fed) policies implemented impacted Money Market Funds (MMFs) inflows or outflows the most. The timeframe is March 2020, with the exigence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is necessary because it helps the Federal Reserve know which policies can support the short-term money market. The Short-term money market is vital for the economy because it provides short-term funding for banks which are the foundation of the US economy. Although MMFs are only a portion of the short-term money market, any change implemented in one sector will affect all others because they’re closely intact. I used qualitative content analysis to find which policies prompt the most inflows/outflows. Through my research, I concluded that Federal Reserve Facilities to provide funding to various areas of the economy are what investors deem most worthy of investment. |
Convolutional Neural Network Approach to Classifying the CIFAR-10 Dataset How can supervised machine learning be applied as a technique on a convolutional neural network to solve the image classification problem of recognizing and classifying images in the CIFAR-10 dataset? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4388 | Chaoyi Jiang; Guillermo Goldsztein | 05-31-2023 | Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful tool that can be used in many applications of machine learning. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using a CNN to classify images in the CIFAR-10 dataset. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.6276 and a loss of 1.116452 on the validation set. It was observed that the accuracy of predictions varied from class to class, and this paper discusses the potential causes for this variation, such as similar classes sharing common features. Further research in this field could lead to improvement in driving assistance technology and eventually automated driving. |
Should pharmaceutical scientists use liposomes or micelles as a means for drug delivery? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3415 | Mohammed Khan; Coach Jo | 04-09-2023 | Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce structures, machines, and devices. Nanotechnology is being used as a method to deliver drugs to combat cancer due to current, artificial systems producing harmful side effects. In this, two main systems stand out: liposomes and micelles. This paper compares the two systems to decide whether one system is more capable and should currently be used in drug deliveries. This paper will look at the structure of liposomes and micelles, clinical studies, and issues that have been noted. It was found that liposomes have a higher carrying capacity and can carry multiple types of drugs. In clinical trials, liposomes were found to be just as effective as current systems. However, they are known to have premature drug releases as well as being difficult to load. Micelles were found to be smaller, making them easier to enter the body. They are also easier to manufacture. In clinical studies, they were found to be just as effective as current systems. However, micelles are not as flexible, have a smaller volume, and much less stable than liposomes. Through compiling the advantages and disadvantages of both of these systems, it was found that overall, liposomes were a better system for drug delivery. |
Effects of Protein Concentration in Fish Feed on Physical and Chemical Water Pollution | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2393 | Indeever Madireddy; Dr. Lynae Brayboy | 03-13-2023 | Nitrates are linked to higher rates of fish mortality. Fish feces discolors water, reducing clarity and affecting the metabolism of organisms. Food eaten by fish is the main source of nitrates and feces. This work studies how protein concentration in fish feed affects the production of wastes that pollute water. It is hypothesized that high protein fish foods lead to more nitrates, less clear water in addition to an increased amounts of trace amino acids entering the water column. Three experiments were performed to determine which food at a 28%, 36%, or 42% protein concentration contributed most to poor water quality. These tests were performed on feces collected from three species of fish, the freshwater angelfish, koi and the tamasaba goldfish. The tests determined that increasing the protein concentration in fish food did in fact increase nitrate levels in aquariums while water clarity and residual amino acid concentration did not necessarily increase. This is significant because it allows for greater insights into fish feeding which are important for the traditional aquarium hobby and aquaculture farms. |
The Gender Bias within Investors; an opportunity cost of $4 trillion | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2482 | Nivedita Malu; Alba Castaneda | 03-13-2023 | Estimates suggest that $28 trillion could be added to the global GDP/year by 2025 if women play a significant role in businesses. This study focuses on the reasons hindering this phenomenon, while investigating the gender bias within investors, it’s potential impacts, and possible solutions and reforms. The study found that women are disadvantaged due to psychological and cognitive aspects of an individual's behavior. Including different biases, and differences in questioning processes relative to gender which stems from cognitive aspects such as gender stereotypes. The study has concluded that breaking the gender bias requires 3 steps. The first of which requires every investor to be educated about invalid stereotypes influencing their decisions while also being encouraged to break them down. Secondly, there is a requirement for an increase in female investors to mentor and provide women with the necessary tools. Lastly, the pitch process is in urgent need of reformation, whether it is to allocate funds that are categorized according to gender or to remove the pitch in its entirety. |
A For-Profit Model of Microcredit Can Profit-Driven Firms Improve Financial Inclusion in India? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2378 | Aarav Monga; Yiqiao Yin | 03-13-2023 | Microcredit is a proven means of poverty alleviation. However, its implementation in India is flawed. High interest rates, incompetent use of credit, and insufficient loan-sizes are just some of the problems well-documented in literature. This paper seeks to assess if these problems can be alleviated by a for-profit model of microcredit, and hence if this model can sustainably improve financial inclusion in India. The role of profit-motives in Indian microcredit has only been analyzed from a theoretical perspective thus far, so this paper adds to existing research by bringing in an empirical perspective through data from Microfinance Institutions from the MIX Markets database. A baseline binary Logistic Classifier is trained, alongside proposed models of a Decision Tree Classifier and a Gradient-boosted Tree Classifier. Feature analysis is conducted on the models, and the results are used to devise profit-maximizing strategies. These strategies are then analyzed to assess if profit-driven companies can improve financial inclusion in a socially desirable manner. The study finds that for-profit incentives can increase the spread, efficiency, and accessibility of microcredit while potentially fostering competent use of credit and reducing the cost of borrowing. However, the study also notes the requirement for regulation in the growth and means of enforcing repayment in such for-profit models. Further, the study observes that a for-profit model may increase credit risk and will fail to allocate credit to the lowest strata of the poor. As such, for-profit firms must be complemented by not-for-profit MFIs to improve financial inclusion across the board. |
The Impacts of COVID-induced School Closures on Inequality in Education Outcomes | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2312 | Peter Ma; Mr. Wang LingZhen | 03-13-2023 | I use online math participation and student math progress data from online learning platform Zearn to study the impacts of COVID-induced school closures on inequality in education outcomes using an event study approach. There were sharp declines in online math participation and progress following school closures but both outcomes were back to the pre-COVID levels in 2021 May. The pandemic widened socioeconomic inequalities in education outcomes transitorily, where most of the post-COVID socioeconomic gaps had vanished by 2021 May. Areas with lower income, more students in rural schools, worse computer and Internet access, and less higher education completion (measured by the percent of adults having a B.A.) saw more learning losses but only in the remaining 2020 spring semester. |
Stress Hormone Adrenaline Boosts the Antibacterial Properties of L. plantarum and E. hallii | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2471 | Michelle Bok | 03-13-2023 | Amid intense exercise, the human body’s quick adaptability to stressful conditions is vital to cellular function, initiating what we recognize as an “adrenaline rush”. Despite findings on the in vitro interaction of adrenaline with the gut microbiome to regulate its virulence gene expression through AI-3 quorum sensing, studies conducted to examine the influence of the stress hormone adrenaline released through exercise on the function of the microbiome in our gut are yet insufficient. The human gut consists of a variety of microbes such as L. plantarum and E. hallii that hold vital roles in maintaining metabolic balance in the gut microbiome. Through our research, we envisioned investigating how adrenaline treatment at different time intervals or concentrations mirroring the various circumstances of exercise may affect bacterial growth, antibacterial substance production, and their antibacterial properties. While both bacteria were not affected in its growth for 48 hours, in L. plantarum, demonstrating decreased growth in the first 8 hours, its main functions — lactic acid production — were furthered with the hormone. In E. hallii, butyric acid production, with the hormone, significantly increased in its supernatant, and the intermediate treatment of adrenaline for 8 hours served to catalyze the rate at which the bacteria reached its stationary phase of growth. The study holds great promise for future investigations on how such a mechanism can be applied to therapies boosting our existing abilities of protein disposal directly correlated to the prevention of diseases. What remains is, nevertheless, the discussion regarding the true control center of these bacteria that interact with adrenaline to cause changes in the antibiotic properties, function, and growth. In other words, future studies can be oriented towards understanding the changes in the antibacterial properties of given bacteria not indirectly through chemicals with antibacterial traits but rather through the quantitative measurement of growth inhibition with other bacteria or organisms. |
Hearing Dogs and Seeing Barks: Multimodal Sensory Perception of Dogs | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2496 | Hannah Yu; Dr. Trevor Chen, Ph.D. | 03-13-2023 | The field of multisensory integration in human speech perception has been well explored throughout a multitude of studies. Perceptual phenomena and models have been reported, including most notably, the McGurk effect and the Morton-Massaro law of information integration. Existing research of multimodal integration in human perception, include studies that involve perception of drinks and food. Beyond this, scientists have also studied how non-human species, such as dolphins and bats, integrate different sources of information. The purpose of the current study was to test whether multimodal sensory integration is used by humans when perceiving the size of dogs. Three separate audio-visual sources of barking dogs – sized small, medium, and large – were used. A 3x3 expanded factorial design was applied to test all possible pairings of auditory and visual combinations from the three sources. The stimuli were included on a questionnaire and then digitally distributed to participants, the majority of whom were high-school students aged 13-17. After viewing each stimulus, participants were prompted to answer what sized dog barked. The results of the current study were consistent with the McGurk effect. When the auditory-visual stimuli were consistent, participants were able to accurately identify what kind of dog barked. However, when the auditory-visual stimuli were inconsistent, the intermediate responses were most frequent. Thus, the results of this study are not consistent with the motor theory of perception. This study yields practical applications in the field of interspecies perception and human-canine communication. |
The Buddhist Revival Movement: An Investigation into the Mutual Relationship between Chinese Buddhism and the Chinese Government | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2262 | Xiaochen Liu; Nick DiSalvatore | 03-13-2023 | It has been four decades since the Buddhist revival started. To comprehensively document the process, I divide the paper into three sections. The first section summarizes the history of the revival movement and the Chinese government’s policies before 1978. The second section analyzes three categories of policies in the 21st century: support, suppress, and distort Chinese Buddhism. In the final section, I examine the case of one particular temple, the Xingsheng temple in Baita village, China. Because it is among the temples reconstructed in the recent decade, the paper investigates how this temple was successfully rebuilt while others were not. Unlike the previous section, the primary supporting evidence are interviews with abbot Huiren – the builder of Xingsheng temple – government officials, and villagers |
The History of Yellow Peril and the Model Minority Myth in Relation to AAPI-Hate in 2020 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2402 | Safia Peer, Lesley Tan, Khushi Kunjoor | 03-13-2023 | In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the yellow peril stereotype along with the model minority myth and how they influence the recent Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) Hate in 2020. We first delve into the treatment of Asian Americans during the interwar years, specifically the immigration center Angel Island. Using oral histories we collected from outside sources and books, we discuss the social and legal treatments of the Asian immigrants both in the immigration center and in the country. Next, we discuss the origins of the model minority myth that date back to the 1960s to 70s using newspaper articles and interviews conducted during the time period. We also explore the formation of the Asian American identity and movement in the 1960s and 70s through newspaper articles that demonstrate the community’s pushback to white supremacy and dismantling harmful prejudices against Asian Americans. From this historical lens, we connect the formation and continuation of the yellow peril and model minority stereotypes to the Asian American hate of 2020 through current interviews and podcasts with Asian Americans. This reemergence of hate against the Asian American community demonstrates the stereotypes’ long-lasting effects. Simultaneously, the AAPI protests evidence that Asian Americans continue to fight back against their mistreatment as a continuation of the Asian American Movement that started in the late 1960s. These historical and modern events assist our discussion of the Asian-American community’s relationship with white supremacy in order to fight back against the discrimination we face today. |
The Green Party and Germany’s Environment: Integration, Influence, and Comparisons | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2108 | Nitish Kaza; Frau Smith | 03-11-2023 | The German Greens are helping Germany continue its legacy of being eco-friendly. This paper covers the history of the German Green Party. It will evaluate the success of the party and the reasons for its success. In addition, it will compare the German Greens to the United States Green Party in terms of their vote wins in elections and impact on their respective countries’ environments. The German Greens are known to be highly successful, forming coalitions with several big-name German parties. The party won 20.5% of votes in the 2019 European Election. In comparison, the US Green Party is not as well known. It was found that the German Green Party won a steadily increasing number of votes in every election, while the US Green Party had an overall decrease in the number of votes won every election. In addition, Germany has decreased its carbon dioxide emissions since 1971, while the US yearly carbon emission totals have increased. Because the Green Parties from the two countries have very similar policies, the reasons for their gap in success will be explored. In doing this, the conditions and actions required to form a highly dynamic political party will be indicated. Given the imminent problem of environmental degradation, this research endeavor would help countries and political parties understand how to properly care for the planet. It will also examine the direct impact of the strength of a political party on its country’s culture. |
Increases in gross domestic product decrease working age population deaths in US counties: 2015-2019 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2058 | Burton Alexander; Patryk Perkowski | 03-11-2023 | In this paper I investigate the link between GDP growth and deaths among the working age population. I gather economic data at the U.S. county level from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and premature deaths data from Center for Disease Control. Using regression analysis, I find a strong and statistically significant negative relationship between GDP growth and premature deaths, especially once I control for other economic and religious factors. My results indicate that a 10-percentage point increase in the GDP results in 1 percentage point fewer premature deaths in the county. My literature review suggests that more active leisure time, better diet, and more health care expenditure are potential mechanisms through which GDP growth impacts premature deaths. My results suggest that it is possible to save lives through economic stimulation in low GDP areas. |
How do Political Opportunity Structures affect the success of social movements in China and the USA? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/2111 | Ananya Sreekumar; Noah Daponte-Smith | 03-11-2023 | This paper investigates the effects political opportunity structures have on the mobilisation, organisation, and outcomes of civil rights movements in the USA and Hong Kong. The Civil Rights Movement between the 1950s-60s and the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement of 2019 are used as case studies in this research. The paper examines the various attributes of both regions’ political input and output structures while examining how the movement was organised and strategised. It then considers whether either movement can be deemed successful. Through comparative analysis, it contrasts the assessments made in both case studies to determine which factor discussed had the most significant impact on the success of both campaigns. It finds that the initial hypothesis put forth can be disproved and that a fluid link between the movement and institutional elites plays the most critical role in the success of both movements. |
The Contrast Between Depression Now and In the Earlier Generations | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3995 | Irmak Buyrukbilen | 02-28-2023 | Depression is a mood disorder in which one experiences sadness, hopelessness, a loss of desire to live or to enjoy simple activities. It is a prevalent mental disorder that has historically been seen in all age groups. However, depression rates among adolescents have increased in the past few decades. Given this increase, researchers have increasingly studied this topic. According to some of the studies conducted in the past 20 years the increase in adolescent depression has been found to be associated with factors, including increased use of social media among adolescents, decreased free play among children, and more recent COVID-19-related impacts (e.g., staying locked up in their homes for more than a year, doing everything online, not being able to see their close friends.). This article reviews the aforementioned factors in relation to the significant increase in adolescent depression in recent years. |
The Effect of Audio-Visual Cues in Understanding Musical Performance | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4098 | Julie Kim; Nicholas Pellegrino | 02-28-2023 | This study investigated the effects of adding visual aesthetics to a music performance. Two modes of visual performance are explored: multimedia and performance cues. Multimedia and performer cues serve different purposes in expressing music in a performance and allowing the audience to interpret the music. Multimedia refers to the use of more than one medium of expression or communication in performance, while performance cues refer to the implementation of gestures and facial expressions to guide the direction of the music. In this research study, two experiments were performed with two separate samples of 24 subjects. These experiments observe the two modes' effects on engagement, understanding, and overall enjoyment of the performance by their audience. Participants were required to listen to the audio performance of an excerpt of music and listen to the same excerpt with the visuals as well. The subjects answered a series of questions rating the listening and watching experience. The results overall showed that having the visual experience while listening to a musical performance enhances the subjects engagement, enjoyment and understanding of the music. A wilcoxin ranked sum test was performed on the two different parts of this experiment and the p values were 0.0486 and 0.00148, which showed that there was enough statistical evidence in the experiment that showed engagement levels were higher when both audio and visual modes were provided to the audience. |
Synthesizing mRNA To Treat Hereditary Cataracts | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4049 | Aaryan Chopra; Ying Wang; Callie Fields, Gavin Nazir, Pranesh Senthilkumar | 02-28-2023 | null |
Automatically Labeling Offensive Formations in American Football Film Using Deep Learning | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4278 | Kyle Zhou; Jason Galbraith | 02-28-2023 | Web services for storing, annotating, and sharing sports videos by high-school athletic teams have become more prevalent in recent years. However, most services lack the ability for coaches to automatically tag film, leading to many hours of manual annotation. For American football videos, coaches need to label formations, plays, and field positions in order to extract insights and create strategic game plans. This paper presents an end-to-end machine learning pipeline for automatically labeling American football offensive formations in videos. The pipeline includes pre-processing of videos, image classification, and a novel inference approach. The study compares a custom CNN model with pre-trained image classifier models using transfer learning. Specifically, CNN-based architectures (MobileNet, Inception, EfficientNet, etc.) and a transformer-based Vision Transformer (ViT) are compared. All models are trained on ~1400 images with the three most popular formation labels extracted from video clips of high-school football team games. The results show that several models, including the custom CNN model, achieved greater than 90% classification accuracy on the test dataset. The inference is performed by sampling multiple frames from a video clip, passing them through a trained image classifier, and taking a majority vote on the classification results to determine the final outcome. Our study found that using a sampling rate of 0.5 seconds, starting at 1 second, and taking five frames yields the highest inference accuracy of 95.4% using a trained customized CNN model. This system can assist all levels of football coaches in the analysis of game footage and formation identification. |
The Role of Morphology and Heart Rate Variability Features in Detecting Arrhythmias from Short ECGs | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3967 | Alice Hu; Shadi Ghiasi | 02-28-2023 | Detecting heart arrhythmias from short Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings remains challenging since recordings are short and contaminated by noise. ECG morphology features and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) time and frequency domain features are widely used for classifying short ECG recordings. Here we investigate the relative roles of ECG morphology features and HRV time and frequency domain features in classifying short ECG recordings provided by the 2017 PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge. The classification is performed separately by four machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbors, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our best classification score is obtained using the deep learning 1-dimensional CNN model trained on HRV time domain features combined with ECG morphology features. It gives an overall F1 score of 0.70 and 0.73 for the cross validation and hidden test respectively when considering the average classification performance over all 4 categories: Atrial Fibrillation (AF), normal, other arrhythmias, and noisy signal. We found that HRV time domain features play an important role in detecting AF, normal, and other classes, whereas ECG morphology features play a key role in detecting the noisy class. When HRV frequency domain features are combined with HRV time domain features, they do not improve and often degrade classifications of short ECG recordings compared to classifications using only HRV time domain features. Combining ECG morphology features with HRV time domain features leads to a better classification performance for short ECG recordings. Feature-based deep learning could serve as a viable and less expensive approach for ECG classifications. |
A Sentiment Analysis on Roe v. Wade Twitter Data | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4078 | Hyewon Park; Monika Richardson | 02-28-2023 | In May of 2022, the US Supreme Court case Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization threatened to and did overturn Roe v. Wade, the historic 1973 Supreme Court case that created prenatal healthcare guidelines, including specifications for regulation of abortion. This work aims to investigate tweets on Roe v. Wade during a period of interest through posts on Twitter to provide an understanding of general public opinion. This was done primarily by running sentiment analysis on a dataset of 35,999 tweets from May 1st, 2022 to July 8th, 2022 from the #RoeVWade, separating them into negative, positive, and neutral sentiments, then finding collocations and often used hashtags in each category. Although the sentiment analysis model used classified sentiment rather than “pro-choice” versus “pro-life,” negative and neutral tweets were more likely to use phrases associated with “pro-choice” beliefs. In contrast, positive tweets often used hashtags aligned with Republican or conservative views. |
Building and Interpreting Clausal Possession in Isbukun Bunun | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4227 | Hung-Chi Chen; Kuo-Chiao Lin | 02-28-2023 | This paper shows that clausal possession in Isbukun Bunun, a Formosan language, involves two distinct structures with one single thematic interpretation. Although thematically identical, the two distinct structures are not derived via agreement/movement from a single underlying structure. To best capture the (morpho)syntactic patterns within and beyond the phenomenon, the too-many-structures problem is best analyzed as involving distinct underlying structures with syntactic heads that are semantically null, and delayed saturation of thematic relations at the (morpho)syntax-semantics interface. |
A Machine Learning Approach to Finding Factors that Lead to Environmental Friendliness | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3807 | Sucheer Maddury; Anjana Manian | 02-28-2023 | To maintain a sustainable society, environmental friendliness is necessary, an effort that all countries must take part in. The effort must be pioneered by developed nations with the resources to enact sustainable policies, reduce emissions and conserve energy, from which developing nations will follow the eroded path. Recognizing the factors that promote environmental friendliness is necessary for researchers, policymakers, and activists alike. Several past studies have examined the relationship between environmental performance and various nationwide factors such as economic strength, education, and corruption. In this paper, however, we introduce the machine learning approach Multiple-Linear Regression, allowing several variables to be used in tandem. We constructed a dataset using a variety of variables from a variety of sources, either examined in past literature or justified logically. We measured environmental friendliness through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), and chose feature variables of Women in Parliament (%), Internet users (%), Freedom Index, Ethnic fractionalization, Technological development, Press Freedom Index, Corruption Perceptions Index, GDP per capita ($), and Education Index, and Population. We found that Multiple-Linear Regression is an effective way of measuring EPI, where several metrics indicate that EPI is almost completely determined by the feature variables. We end the study by presenting the correlations of each of the variables with EPI, and find that almost all exhibit strong linear relationships. These correlations should bring light to the characteristics of environmentally friendly countries, mainly Nordic nations. |
Analyzing Properties of Monolayer MoS2 Using RHEED and Ultrafast Electron Diffraction | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4023 | Calvin Chiu, Thomas Liang | 02-28-2023 | Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) are techniques used to characterize crystal structures both statically and dynamically. These experimental methods are of academic interest due to their ability to visualize crystal structures on the atomic level and analyze dynamic changes on the picosecond scale. In this experiment, RHEED and UED are implemented to analyze monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a compound that may contribute to the future of microelectronics. Images of various diffraction patterns are presented, and analysis is conducted on diffraction peaks, lattice spacing, and photoinduced intensity changes. |
NanoMedicine; An Analysis of Hydrogels Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4360 | Ananya Saridena, Abhaya Saridena; Jothsna Kethar | 02-28-2023 | Tissue damage and disease impose a significant burden on individuals, society, and the economy. Current tissue engineering techniques have limitations, and improvements are necessary to more effectively repair or regenerate damaged or diseased tissues. Hydrogels, a type of synthetic scaffold, have gained increasing attention in tissue engineering due to their mechanical support for cells, customizable characteristics, and potential to overcome challenges in specific applications. However, the full extent of their effectiveness and capabilities in tissue engineering is not yet determined. This research paper aims to analyze the uses and capabilities of hydrogels in tissue engineering through a meta-analysis of various studies, contributing to the advancement of regenerative medicine. Hydrogels present a versatile and promising scaffold for tissue engineering, with the potential to significantly improve the field of regenerative medicine. |
Disentanglement of Latent Factors of Real and Fake Appearance for Deepfake Face Manipulation Detection | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4076 | Suh-Yoon Hong, Dayul Park; GeunJung Yi | 02-28-2023 | A deepfake video is a video in which generative models are used to alter the facial features to make the subject appear to be a different person. There are various ways to utilize such content, including those that are positive such as entertainment. However, it is also very easy to exploit deepfake videos for harmful use, including for spreading fake news or creating unwanted content. Thus there have been numerous attempts to detect whether a video has been manipulated using deepfake technology so as to prevent further harm. Previous approaches for achieving this purpose have attempted to detect discrepancies in the video frames through the use of techniques such as exploiting the temporal consistency between each frame with convolutional neural networks. Though this has produced adequate results, its accuracy is insufficient for real-world use. In this paper, we propose a novel method of using a convolutional neural network based autoencoder to detect whether a video is pristine or deepfake. Our method successfully disentangles latent factors of real and fake appearance to increase the classification accuracy while maintaining a relatively low time complexity, enhancing real-world applicability. Results from extensive experimentation show significant improvement from state-of-the-art-methods by upwards of 18.51%. |
Extended Kalman Filter State Estimation for Autonomous Competition Robots | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/5578 | Ethan Kou; Acshi Haggenmiller | 02-28-2023 | Autonomous mobile robot competitions judge based on a robot’s ability to quickly and accurately navigate the game field. This means accurate localization is crucial for creating an autonomous competition robot. Two common localization methods are odometry and computer vision landmark detection. Odometry provides frequent velocity measurements, while landmark detection provides infrequent position measurements. The state can also be predicted with a physics model. These three types of localization can be “fused” to create a more accurate state estimate using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The EKF is a nonlinear full-state estimator that approximates the state estimate with the lowest covariance error when given the sensor measurements, the model prediction, and their variances. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the EKF by implementing it on a 4-wheel mecanum-drive robot simulation. The position and velocity accuracy of fusing together various combinations of these three data sources are compared. We also discuss the assumptions and limitations of an EKF. |
Comparing Machine Learning Models to Determine Which is Most Effective at Detecting Brain Tumors | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3999 | Samya Chauhan; Shreya Parchure, Jenna Scott | 02-28-2023 | In this project, by using machine learning techniques to analyze various brain tumor scans, the goal was to determine which techniques are the most efficient and accurate in determining the presence of brain tumors. Specifically, the goal was to adequately process a dataset to determine if brain tumors can be detected with more than 75% accuracy using machine learning. The chosen dataset includes just over 250 axial MRI brain scans, thus providing a sufficient dataset to properly analyze. This research is most applicable to the healthcare field, specifically relating to the work done by neurologists and radiologists. If the most efficient and accurate way to detect brain tumors is not determined soon, individuals may have to continue waiting longer than necessary for their results. In this project, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, and Muti-Layer Perceptron Models were compared to determine which machine learning algorithm is most effective at determining the presence of a brain tumor in an axial brain scan. |
How to Be a Perfect Woman: The Evolution of Italian Renaissance Female Portraiture and Decorum | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4180 | Yiyuan Xue | 02-28-2023 | Renaissance portraiture represents more than the sitters. These images portray complex conceptualizations of identities, layered amalgams of the personal and political; dynastic and economic; amorous and pious; and present, future, and eternal. In the late fifteenth century, side profile portraits were the norm, characterized by the superiority of aloofness and nonchalance. Typically commissioned by husbands to celebrate marriages, these portraits memorialize the brides’ domesticity, piety, and above all, chastity. With Leonardo da Vinci’s groundbreaking Mona Lisa of ca. 1503 came the revolutionary change in female portrait composition, widely imitated by masters of the time. Females portrayed after this transition engaged the viewers directly, deviating from the previous detachment. These portraits are focused on harmony, with the prevalence of triangular formations along with scenic backdrops. The early sixteenth century saw another shift in female portrait ideals: artists were no longer constrained by traditional female decorum, but rather focused on exploring feminine sexuality. Belle Donne paintings and various counterparts grant viewers intimate insights into the lives of Renaissance women, whose sexuality was celebrated in the private sphere but remained taboo in public. Eventually, as more female art patrons rose to power in the mid-sixteenth century, the practice of female portraiture ceased to be dominated by male patriarchy, becoming rather a part of the female sphere. In this paper, I explored the evolution of female portraiture in chronological order, tracing the shift in feminine decorum along the way, ending with a survey of the connection between the art world and the literary realm. |
Permanent Time as an Alternative to Counter the Detrimental Effects of DST on Canadian Society | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4259 | Chengtai Li | 02-28-2023 | Daylight saving time (DST) is a practice that shifts the perceived time one hour forward in the spring and one hour behind in the fall, effectively granting more sunlight in the evenings of springs and summers. In recent years, an increasing number of people have been dissatisfied with this method of keeping the time for a variety of reasons. To begin with, DST no longer saves energy because artificial illumination no longer contributes to the majority of energy expenditure in the current Canadian society. Secondly, DST affects many different forms of economy, varying from farming and manufacturing to family owned businesses. DST also damages the well-being of Canadians by increasing the risks of health problems from every time change. From an online survey study to investigate the public opinion on the timekeeping ways, most participants have shown that they do not want the current DST arrangement; Around three-quarters indicated that they prefer one of the permanent time schemes, one that they do not need to change clocks twice a year. The method to keep time is one that affects everyone, and may have major impacts on the socioeconomic well-being of a society. Therefore, it is imperative that the significance of the current DST scheme on society be clarified and the people’s opinions be heard in subsequent survey studies that include more participants. |
Combining CAR T-cell and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a promising, yet unproven immuno-oncology approach | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3897 | Kshetra Polavarapu; Thomas Shroka | 02-28-2023 | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a method that extracts T cells from the patient's blood and virally introduces a genetically engineered T cell receptor targeting a specific cancer antigen and subsequently readministering these genetically engineered CAR T cells to the patient. These T cells are then better at identifying the tumors and attaching to these tumor cells resulting in a stronger cytotoxic immune response. The development of CAR T cells has been a huge success as an immunotherapy, especially for the targeting of non-solid tumors. Since their original inception in 1987, there are now six independent FDA approved CAR T cell therapies targeting a variety of blood cancers, with the first being approved in 2017. As a relatively new treatment, there is a continuous effort in improving the safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapies. As mentioned previously, CAR T cells have undoubtedly been successful in the treatment of non-solid tumors, however their efficacy towards treatment of solid tumors has been limited. Additionally, the safety and long-term effects of CAR T cell treatments is still a concern. Combination therapy utilizing CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors is being explored to potentially mitigate some of the limitations associated with CAR-T cells. |
Corporate Sustainability in the Fashion Industry | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4065 | Ethan Qiu; Tyler Vitone | 02-28-2023 | 3.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. 342 million barrels of petroleum to produce plastic-based fibers (Wired, 2022). And 92 million tons of textile waste (Igini, 2022). This all stems from the fashion industry on a yearly basis. Climate change is the most pressing issue in our society today and as it progresses, comes a heavier emphasis on sustainability and environmental consciousness. Effective ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) has been shown to affect overall profit by 60% (Henisz, 2019). With this, companies are taking advantage of and capitalizing on the new sustainability “trend”, marketing themselves as corporately responsible and committed to environmental causes. As we are dependent on the fashion industry for clothing and contributing to the immense impact of global warming, consumers need to be educated on the true nature of the fashion industry and the extent of its impacts. As such, this research paper will provide comprehensive information for consumers to navigate through the fashion industry and ultimately be more mindful in their purchasing decisions. This project explores the role of the government, corporations, and consumers in modern sustainability practices and dives into the fashion industry, building upon the abstract concepts discussed. This includes evaluating the business models of the fashion industry in response to market trends and discussing how it impacts overall environmental sustainability. The research paper concludes by thoroughly proposing best practices firms can adopt to improve upon their corporate responsibility, simultaneously bettering the environment and business performance. |
Efficacy of virtual reality treatment with NIBS for Schizophrenia | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4218 | Sashvathkumar Krishnakumar; Jothsna Kethar | 02-28-2023 | Technology plays a more significant role in healthcare today than it has ever done before. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and neurotechnology have advanced healthcare by leaps and bounds that wouldn’t have even been dreamt about 50 years ago. In recent years, virtual reality technology has advanced along with these technologies and medical professionals have taken an interest in its applications, especially in the treatment of treatment-resistant mental health conditions. Research on whether virtual reality is a viable option for psychotherapy is an ongoing process that is highly influential in the medical world. VR enables therapies that may be more accessible, need less delivery time, and have more ecological validity. While NIBS has the ability to directly modify activity in social brain regions in order to promote neuroplasticity, build neural connections, and improve brain function linked to social cognitive behaviors. This paper will aim to examine the benefits virtual reality along with NIBS (Non-invasive Brain Stimulation) has over today’s conventional treatment method for Schizophrenia through analyzing past case studies and discussing it in the context of a new virtual technology, Metaverse. As a result, it was concluded that virtual reality treatment is a better alternative to standard treatment today. |
The Dymaxion Dwelling Machine: R. Buckminster Fuller’s Vision to House All of Humanity | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4298 | Blake Lee | 02-28-2023 | Traditional housing is, and has for many centuries, been uniquely made for their individual clients, making houses difficult to mass-produce and, sometimes, too expensive to provide for those who need it most. R. Buckminster Fuller, an architect who believed that we had an obligation to provide adequate housing, attempted to address this challenge almost a century ago through his creation, the Dymaxion Dwelling Machine. The Dymaxion (a portmanteau of Fuller’s favorite words: dynamic, maximum, and tension) Dwelling Machine was a dome-shaped home optimized for mass-production, and it maintained a higher rate of efficiency and sustainability than the standard cube-shaped home. This paper will analyze several methods and facets that Fuller implemented within this atypical house, such as the Dymaxion Bathroom, Fog Gun, tensegrity, cooling/heating, autonomy, affordability, materials, maintenance, and construction, that inspired sustainable, versatile, and affordable solutions that have contributed to addressing the climate and inadequate housing crises of today. “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” |
A Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model for Predicting Solar Cycle 25 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3996 | Alice Hu; Antonio Rodriguez | 02-28-2023 | The solar cycle is linked to the number of sunspots and follows the fluctuations of the Sun’s magnetic field. It can have powerful global impacts on the Earth. Thus, predicting the timing and amplitude of the peak of the incoming solar cycle 25 is of great importance. This study uses a hybrid deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) - long short-term memory (LSTM) model and the observed 13-month smoothed sunspot numbers to predict Solar Cycle 25. Here it is shown for the first time that the MinMax normalization method substantially reduces the error of the CNN-LSTM model’s solar cycle predictions compared to the Standard Deviation normalization method. The results also suggest that it is best to use four historical solar cycles to predict the future solar cycle. The predicted Solar Cycle 25 has a 13-month smoothed peak amplitude similar to that of Solar Cycle 24. The predicted Solar Cycle 25 peak spans a relatively long period of time between approximately August 2023 and July 2024. |
Audio Classification of Bird Species Using Convolutional Neural Networks | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4108 | Jocelyn Wang; Guillermo Goldsztein | 02-28-2023 | As the total number of birds has declined in the billions over the last 50 years, an accurate method for classifying bird species is necessary for conservation efforts and population monitoring. One promising method is using machine learning models to classify birds by their sounds, which has emerged due to benefits such as being less affected by environmental factors (eg. habitat, time of day), and lower disturbances to bird species during the data collection process, contrary to other processes such as image classification. As audio processing may eventually become the main method of classifying birds and may be used as an important conservation tool, it is imperative to understand the challenges that must be overcome before it can be successfully applied. In this work, the programming language Python and the machine learning model Convolutional Neural Networks were used to process and classify audio recordings from over 150 different bird species. This study demonstrates that although audio classification is a promising method of classification, many challenges are still present in the field, such as the amount of variety in the different calls of a single bird, the presence of background noises in many audio recordings, and the difficulty in efficiently representing an audio signal with images, highlighting the importance of overcoming these challenges for conservation efforts. |
The usage of melittin in breast cancer microenvironment targeting | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3834 | Gaurav Ramasani, Dr. Raj | 02-28-2023 | In today’s society, there are more people dying from breast cancer than ever. In fact, it has been projected that 1 in 39 women will die from breast cancer. Over the years, scientists have developed many forms of treatment to help alleviate some of the symptoms and keep the cancer at bay, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Recently, however, a discovery has been made that could have the most efficacy and effectiveness against breast cancer. Melittin, a cationic peptide found in bee venom, is a 26 amino acid peptide that is being studied in many fields of medicine to be used as a new form of treatment in conjunction with the current forms. It is being tested in cancer research because of a special function that it has: the ability to start apoptosis by punching holes in the actual cell itself. In this paper, we will look at an overview of breast cancer’s history and statistics, look through some of the types of treatments that are already being used to fight breast cancer, and analyze five case studies to see how melittin can be used to target the microenvironments of breast cancer cells and figure out which method of treatment melittin will best fit into. |
Variation in Student Achievement: Effects of NCLB on Standards-based Accountability in Arizona | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4055 | Avinash Thakur; Nicole Yates | 02-28-2023 | Over the years, the United States government has assumed a larger role in educational policy. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is one of the most notable examples of an increase in federal involvement in education. Through the creation of accountability systems, NCLB required states to test in reading and mathematics. Prior research has maintained that states with pre-existing test-based accountability remained relatively unchanged by the passage of the Act. States without test-based accountability measures pre-NCLB may have been more likely to be affected by its implementation (e.g., Arizona). In order to test this claim, I examined student achievement in Arizona pre-, during, and post-NCLB under AZ LEARNS and the A-F Accountability System over certain years (1996, 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2015). Through the use of data from the Nation’s Report Card and the Arizona Department of Education, I sought to answer two key questions: (1) How do Arizona’s achievement scores pre-, during, and post-NCLB compare to other accountability types? and (2) In what way do Arizona school ratings vary during and after NCLB? By conducting a series of independent sample t-tests, I compared Arizona’s state scale scores to states with moderate accountability, and I compared school ratings under the accountability systems. These analyses reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference associated with school ratings under the two accountability systems, therefore supporting the prior stated claim. The results offer insight into Arizona’s accountability and are valuable for future evidence-based policymaking. |
Insights to Improve Computer Science Education by Enhancing the Java Language and Tools | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3994 | Pranav Eluri; Domingo David | 02-28-2023 | Java is the most well-known and widely used object-oriented programming language. It uses “objects” as instances of particular data types, or classes. While many computer science students who take Java programming beginner courses, such as AP Computer Science A and fundamental college Java coding courses, succeed in learning Java fundamentals, some aspects of Java make it less intuitive than other programming languages and more difficult to understand than necessary. The purpose of this study is to present eleven insights on how Java could be made more learner-friendly based on the author’s personal experience learning Java and analyze whether these eleven insights are consistently perceived as useful to current student learners and industry practitioners. A digital survey was conducted with individuals who are learning or have learned the language. Respondents were presented with questions and were instructed to choose the best answer to each question. The results from the survey indicated that four insights were perceived as useful and that there was no inherent preference for the remaining six insights. Further research must be conducted to fully understand the perception differences between new learners and experienced practitioners. |
The Unique Stress Treatment of Martial Arts on the Adolescent Demographic | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4094 | Elliott Lee; Jenny Ihn | 02-28-2023 | In the 21th century, the phenomenon of stress and mental fatigue is ever so common in the age group of adolescents and teens. At a crucial time in their lives and in their transition to adults, the coping strategies and methodology in which these young adults deal with stress is largely unpatterned and inconsistent. With the unique hurdles that adolescents experience in dealing with their future and academic challenges, the need for alternate treatment or therapy in the adolescent demographic is crucial in securing their physical and mental wellbeing. Martial arts can be used to treat this unique stress. The effects of martial arts on the general stress levels and mental states of a small group of experimental adolescents was observed through an experiment of 14 participants before and after a martial arts session in order to evaluate the effectiveness of such treatment based on correlations drawn from subcategories organized by ordered levels of anger management, levels of stress frequency, levels of martial arts experience, and levels of exercise frequency. Main findings of the trial include a general reduction in stress levels across all participants of the martial arts experience and encouragement of martial arts as a stress reducing platform. Further subcategories of the trial revealed additional traits of anger management on mental states and stress levels. Limitations include the experimental nature of the trial, limited exposure to various martial arts, and limited pool of participants or the diversity of the demographic studied. |
Saudi Israeli Relations: The Benefits and Implications of an Alliance | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3321 | Amani Altaf; Steven David | 02-28-2023 | As the power dynamics in the Middle East change, with Iran gaining power and influence, relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel are changing as well. While previously in an antagonistic relationship, the two countries would benefit from developing an alliance. However, the cultural and social implications, especially in terms of Israel’s occupation of Jerusalem and the Islamic significance of the city, must be considered. Despite these reservations, an alliance could prove beneficial as Saudi Arabia could encourage and move forward with a peace process between Israel and Palestine. In addition, Israel could help improve Saudi Arabia’s defense against Iran – an issue important to both countries – and speed up the economic transformation currently taking place in the country as it moves away from dependence on oil. Given these benefits, and the likelihood that there will be little internal opposition to an alliance, the development of a relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel would strengthen Saudi Arabia as a country and improve stability in the Middle Eastern region. |
Extended Kalman Filter State Estimation for Autonomous Competition Robots | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/5578 | Ethan Kou; Acshi Haggenmiller | 02-28-2023 | Autonomous mobile robot competitions judge based on a robot’s ability to quickly and accurately navigate the game field. This means accurate localization is crucial for creating an autonomous competition robot. Two common localization methods are odometry and computer vision landmark detection. Odometry provides frequent velocity measurements, while landmark detection provides infrequent position measurements. The state can also be predicted with a physics model. These three types of localization can be “fused” to create a more accurate state estimate using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The EKF is a nonlinear full-state estimator that approximates the state estimate with the lowest covariance error when given the sensor measurements, the model prediction, and their variances. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the EKF by implementing it on a 4-wheel mecanum-drive robot simulation. The position and velocity accuracy of fusing together various combinations of these three data sources are compared. We also discuss the assumptions and limitations of an EKF. |
Comparing Machine Learning Models to Determine Which is Most Effective at Detecting Brain Tumors | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3999 | Samya Chauhan; Shreya Parchure, Jenna Scott | 02-28-2023 | In this project, by using machine learning techniques to analyze various brain tumor scans, the goal was to determine which techniques are the most efficient and accurate in determining the presence of brain tumors. Specifically, the goal was to adequately process a dataset to determine if brain tumors can be detected with more than 75% accuracy using machine learning. The chosen dataset includes just over 250 axial MRI brain scans, thus providing a sufficient dataset to properly analyze. This research is most applicable to the healthcare field, specifically relating to the work done by neurologists and radiologists. If the most efficient and accurate way to detect brain tumors is not determined soon, individuals may have to continue waiting longer than necessary for their results. In this project, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, and Muti-Layer Perceptron Models were compared to determine which machine learning algorithm is most effective at determining the presence of a brain tumor in an axial brain scan. |
How to Be a Perfect Woman: The Evolution of Italian Renaissance Female Portraiture and Decorum | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4180 | Yiyuan Xue | 02-28-2023 | Renaissance portraiture represents more than the sitters. These images portray complex conceptualizations of identities, layered amalgams of the personal and political; dynastic and economic; amorous and pious; and present, future, and eternal. In the late fifteenth century, side profile portraits were the norm, characterized by the superiority of aloofness and nonchalance. Typically commissioned by husbands to celebrate marriages, these portraits memorialize the brides’ domesticity, piety, and above all, chastity. With Leonardo da Vinci’s groundbreaking Mona Lisa of ca. 1503 came the revolutionary change in female portrait composition, widely imitated by masters of the time. Females portrayed after this transition engaged the viewers directly, deviating from the previous detachment. These portraits are focused on harmony, with the prevalence of triangular formations along with scenic backdrops. The early sixteenth century saw another shift in female portrait ideals: artists were no longer constrained by traditional female decorum, but rather focused on exploring feminine sexuality. Belle Donne paintings and various counterparts grant viewers intimate insights into the lives of Renaissance women, whose sexuality was celebrated in the private sphere but remained taboo in public. Eventually, as more female art patrons rose to power in the mid-sixteenth century, the practice of female portraiture ceased to be dominated by male patriarchy, becoming rather a part of the female sphere. In this paper, I explored the evolution of female portraiture in chronological order, tracing the shift in feminine decorum along the way, ending with a survey of the connection between the art world and the literary realm. |
Permanent Time as an Alternative to Counter the Detrimental Effects of DST on Canadian Society | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4259 | Chengtai Li | 02-28-2023 | Daylight saving time (DST) is a practice that shifts the perceived time one hour forward in the spring and one hour behind in the fall, effectively granting more sunlight in the evenings of springs and summers. In recent years, an increasing number of people have been dissatisfied with this method of keeping the time for a variety of reasons. To begin with, DST no longer saves energy because artificial illumination no longer contributes to the majority of energy expenditure in the current Canadian society. Secondly, DST affects many different forms of economy, varying from farming and manufacturing to family owned businesses. DST also damages the well-being of Canadians by increasing the risks of health problems from every time change. From an online survey study to investigate the public opinion on the timekeeping ways, most participants have shown that they do not want the current DST arrangement; Around three-quarters indicated that they prefer one of the permanent time schemes, one that they do not need to change clocks twice a year. The method to keep time is one that affects everyone, and may have major impacts on the socioeconomic well-being of a society. Therefore, it is imperative that the significance of the current DST scheme on society be clarified and the people’s opinions be heard in subsequent survey studies that include more participants. |
Combining CAR T-cell and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a promising, yet unproven immuno-oncology approach | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3897 | Kshetra Polavarapu; Thomas Shroka | 02-28-2023 | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a method that extracts T cells from the patient's blood and virally introduces a genetically engineered T cell receptor targeting a specific cancer antigen and subsequently readministering these genetically engineered CAR T cells to the patient. These T cells are then better at identifying the tumors and attaching to these tumor cells resulting in a stronger cytotoxic immune response. The development of CAR T cells has been a huge success as an immunotherapy, especially for the targeting of non-solid tumors. Since their original inception in 1987, there are now six independent FDA approved CAR T cell therapies targeting a variety of blood cancers, with the first being approved in 2017. As a relatively new treatment, there is a continuous effort in improving the safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapies. As mentioned previously, CAR T cells have undoubtedly been successful in the treatment of non-solid tumors, however their efficacy towards treatment of solid tumors has been limited. Additionally, the safety and long-term effects of CAR T cell treatments is still a concern. Combination therapy utilizing CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors is being explored to potentially mitigate some of the limitations associated with CAR-T cells. |
Corporate Sustainability in the Fashion Industry | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4065 | Ethan Qiu; Tyler Vitone | 02-28-2023 | 3.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. 342 million barrels of petroleum to produce plastic-based fibers (Wired, 2022). And 92 million tons of textile waste (Igini, 2022). This all stems from the fashion industry on a yearly basis. Climate change is the most pressing issue in our society today and as it progresses, comes a heavier emphasis on sustainability and environmental consciousness. Effective ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) has been shown to affect overall profit by 60% (Henisz, 2019). With this, companies are taking advantage of and capitalizing on the new sustainability “trend”, marketing themselves as corporately responsible and committed to environmental causes. As we are dependent on the fashion industry for clothing and contributing to the immense impact of global warming, consumers need to be educated on the true nature of the fashion industry and the extent of its impacts. As such, this research paper will provide comprehensive information for consumers to navigate through the fashion industry and ultimately be more mindful in their purchasing decisions. This project explores the role of the government, corporations, and consumers in modern sustainability practices and dives into the fashion industry, building upon the abstract concepts discussed. This includes evaluating the business models of the fashion industry in response to market trends and discussing how it impacts overall environmental sustainability. The research paper concludes by thoroughly proposing best practices firms can adopt to improve upon their corporate responsibility, simultaneously bettering the environment and business performance. |
Efficacy of virtual reality treatment with NIBS for Schizophrenia | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4218 | Sashvathkumar Krishnakumar; Jothsna Kethar | 02-28-2023 | Technology plays a more significant role in healthcare today than it has ever done before. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and neurotechnology have advanced healthcare by leaps and bounds that wouldn’t have even been dreamt about 50 years ago. In recent years, virtual reality technology has advanced along with these technologies and medical professionals have taken an interest in its applications, especially in the treatment of treatment-resistant mental health conditions. Research on whether virtual reality is a viable option for psychotherapy is an ongoing process that is highly influential in the medical world. VR enables therapies that may be more accessible, need less delivery time, and have more ecological validity. While NIBS has the ability to directly modify activity in social brain regions in order to promote neuroplasticity, build neural connections, and improve brain function linked to social cognitive behaviors. This paper will aim to examine the benefits virtual reality along with NIBS (Non-invasive Brain Stimulation) has over today’s conventional treatment method for Schizophrenia through analyzing past case studies and discussing it in the context of a new virtual technology, Metaverse. As a result, it was concluded that virtual reality treatment is a better alternative to standard treatment today. |
The Dymaxion Dwelling Machine: R. Buckminster Fuller’s Vision to House All of Humanity | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4298 | Blake Lee | 02-28-2023 | Traditional housing is, and has for many centuries, been uniquely made for their individual clients, making houses difficult to mass-produce and, sometimes, too expensive to provide for those who need it most. R. Buckminster Fuller, an architect who believed that we had an obligation to provide adequate housing, attempted to address this challenge almost a century ago through his creation, the Dymaxion Dwelling Machine. The Dymaxion (a portmanteau of Fuller’s favorite words: dynamic, maximum, and tension) Dwelling Machine was a dome-shaped home optimized for mass-production, and it maintained a higher rate of efficiency and sustainability than the standard cube-shaped home. This paper will analyze several methods and facets that Fuller implemented within this atypical house, such as the Dymaxion Bathroom, Fog Gun, tensegrity, cooling/heating, autonomy, affordability, materials, maintenance, and construction, that inspired sustainable, versatile, and affordable solutions that have contributed to addressing the climate and inadequate housing crises of today. “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” |
A Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model for Predicting Solar Cycle 25 | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3996 | Alice Hu; Antonio Rodriguez | 02-28-2023 | The solar cycle is linked to the number of sunspots and follows the fluctuations of the Sun’s magnetic field. It can have powerful global impacts on the Earth. Thus, predicting the timing and amplitude of the peak of the incoming solar cycle 25 is of great importance. This study uses a hybrid deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) - long short-term memory (LSTM) model and the observed 13-month smoothed sunspot numbers to predict Solar Cycle 25. Here it is shown for the first time that the MinMax normalization method substantially reduces the error of the CNN-LSTM model’s solar cycle predictions compared to the Standard Deviation normalization method. The results also suggest that it is best to use four historical solar cycles to predict the future solar cycle. The predicted Solar Cycle 25 has a 13-month smoothed peak amplitude similar to that of Solar Cycle 24. The predicted Solar Cycle 25 peak spans a relatively long period of time between approximately August 2023 and July 2024. |
Audio Classification of Bird Species Using Convolutional Neural Networks | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4108 | Jocelyn Wang; Guillermo Goldsztein | 02-28-2023 | As the total number of birds has declined in the billions over the last 50 years, an accurate method for classifying bird species is necessary for conservation efforts and population monitoring. One promising method is using machine learning models to classify birds by their sounds, which has emerged due to benefits such as being less affected by environmental factors (eg. habitat, time of day), and lower disturbances to bird species during the data collection process, contrary to other processes such as image classification. As audio processing may eventually become the main method of classifying birds and may be used as an important conservation tool, it is imperative to understand the challenges that must be overcome before it can be successfully applied. In this work, the programming language Python and the machine learning model Convolutional Neural Networks were used to process and classify audio recordings from over 150 different bird species. This study demonstrates that although audio classification is a promising method of classification, many challenges are still present in the field, such as the amount of variety in the different calls of a single bird, the presence of background noises in many audio recordings, and the difficulty in efficiently representing an audio signal with images, highlighting the importance of overcoming these challenges for conservation efforts. |
The usage of melittin in breast cancer microenvironment targeting | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3834 | Gaurav Ramasani, Dr. Raj | 02-28-2023 | In today’s society, there are more people dying from breast cancer than ever. In fact, it has been projected that 1 in 39 women will die from breast cancer. Over the years, scientists have developed many forms of treatment to help alleviate some of the symptoms and keep the cancer at bay, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Recently, however, a discovery has been made that could have the most efficacy and effectiveness against breast cancer. Melittin, a cationic peptide found in bee venom, is a 26 amino acid peptide that is being studied in many fields of medicine to be used as a new form of treatment in conjunction with the current forms. It is being tested in cancer research because of a special function that it has: the ability to start apoptosis by punching holes in the actual cell itself. In this paper, we will look at an overview of breast cancer’s history and statistics, look through some of the types of treatments that are already being used to fight breast cancer, and analyze five case studies to see how melittin can be used to target the microenvironments of breast cancer cells and figure out which method of treatment melittin will best fit into. |
Variation in Student Achievement: Effects of NCLB on Standards-based Accountability in Arizona | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4055 | Avinash Thakur; Nicole Yates | 02-28-2023 | Over the years, the United States government has assumed a larger role in educational policy. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is one of the most notable examples of an increase in federal involvement in education. Through the creation of accountability systems, NCLB required states to test in reading and mathematics. Prior research has maintained that states with pre-existing test-based accountability remained relatively unchanged by the passage of the Act. States without test-based accountability measures pre-NCLB may have been more likely to be affected by its implementation (e.g., Arizona). In order to test this claim, I examined student achievement in Arizona pre-, during, and post-NCLB under AZ LEARNS and the A-F Accountability System over certain years (1996, 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2015). Through the use of data from the Nation’s Report Card and the Arizona Department of Education, I sought to answer two key questions: (1) How do Arizona’s achievement scores pre-, during, and post-NCLB compare to other accountability types? and (2) In what way do Arizona school ratings vary during and after NCLB? By conducting a series of independent sample t-tests, I compared Arizona’s state scale scores to states with moderate accountability, and I compared school ratings under the accountability systems. These analyses reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference associated with school ratings under the two accountability systems, therefore supporting the prior stated claim. The results offer insight into Arizona’s accountability and are valuable for future evidence-based policymaking. |
Insights to Improve Computer Science Education by Enhancing the Java Language and Tools | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3994 | Pranav Eluri; Domingo David | 02-28-2023 | Java is the most well-known and widely used object-oriented programming language. It uses “objects” as instances of particular data types, or classes. While many computer science students who take Java programming beginner courses, such as AP Computer Science A and fundamental college Java coding courses, succeed in learning Java fundamentals, some aspects of Java make it less intuitive than other programming languages and more difficult to understand than necessary. The purpose of this study is to present eleven insights on how Java could be made more learner-friendly based on the author’s personal experience learning Java and analyze whether these eleven insights are consistently perceived as useful to current student learners and industry practitioners. A digital survey was conducted with individuals who are learning or have learned the language. Respondents were presented with questions and were instructed to choose the best answer to each question. The results from the survey indicated that four insights were perceived as useful and that there was no inherent preference for the remaining six insights. Further research must be conducted to fully understand the perception differences between new learners and experienced practitioners. |
The Unique Stress Treatment of Martial Arts on the Adolescent Demographic | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/4094 | Elliott Lee; Jenny Ihn | 02-28-2023 | In the 21th century, the phenomenon of stress and mental fatigue is ever so common in the age group of adolescents and teens. At a crucial time in their lives and in their transition to adults, the coping strategies and methodology in which these young adults deal with stress is largely unpatterned and inconsistent. With the unique hurdles that adolescents experience in dealing with their future and academic challenges, the need for alternate treatment or therapy in the adolescent demographic is crucial in securing their physical and mental wellbeing. Martial arts can be used to treat this unique stress. The effects of martial arts on the general stress levels and mental states of a small group of experimental adolescents was observed through an experiment of 14 participants before and after a martial arts session in order to evaluate the effectiveness of such treatment based on correlations drawn from subcategories organized by ordered levels of anger management, levels of stress frequency, levels of martial arts experience, and levels of exercise frequency. Main findings of the trial include a general reduction in stress levels across all participants of the martial arts experience and encouragement of martial arts as a stress reducing platform. Further subcategories of the trial revealed additional traits of anger management on mental states and stress levels. Limitations include the experimental nature of the trial, limited exposure to various martial arts, and limited pool of participants or the diversity of the demographic studied. |
An Investigation of the Effects of the Ukraine War on Children’s Mental Health | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3582 | Seung Hee Rhew; Christine Salerno | 11-30-2022 | Since the start of the Ukraine war, children that have fallen victim to the war have become a part of the “lost generation”. Many of them lost family members, educational opportunities, and their childhoods. After losing the most important aspects of lives, they only encountered more impediments: physical, mental, and moral injuries. In order to mitigate the destructive impacts of this war, charities are donating food, water, clothes, and money – basic necessities that humans need to survive. Although the Ukraine war has received global attention and countless charities and non-profit organizations have provided such tangible services, there are other significant issues regarding children’s mental health that are going unseen. Mental illnesses and psychological disorders have been more prevalent in children as a result of the war. Mental issues are much more impairing and serious than physical injuries.Yet, most of the focus is on the physical health of the victims. In conclusion, more humanitarian organizations must consider interventions that would relieve psychological distress and help the children overcome their hurdles. |
The Importance of Education on Bhutanese Refugees and their Personal Incomes | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3666 | Arjun Kalyandurg; Olufemi Olaleye | 11-30-2022 | In this paper, I look to find the personal income rates of Bhutanese Refugees. I have been looking to find how variables like a refugee's educational attainment, poverty rate, and family situation affect how much money they make. Through the usage of Integrated Public Use Microdata Series(IPUMS) quantitative data, I took a sample of the specific year 2018 to visit the causation behind these variables and the result. An increase in the educational attainment of a Bhutanese Refugee will lead to an increase in their personal income and with a larger family, they will make more money. This means that the actions of the variables, whether they increase or decrease, have an effect on the personal income rates of a refugee. |
Can Stress Cause Cancer? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3484 | TRISHA NATARAJ; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | Stress is how people react when they feel under pressure or threatened. Stress typically occurs when people are in a situation that they do not feel they can manage or control. Today, more than ever, people of all ages and backgrounds experience stress which can have many negative effects on the body. Stress’ effect on the body is harmful no matter what form it is in. However, the longer that stress is present in the body, the more harmful it becomes. Stress slowly weakens the immune system and the rest of the body’s systems in different ways making the body more susceptible to certain diseases. This paper uses research done on stress’ affect on the body and the health conditions people are more prone to develop if they are stressed, to identify if stress can cause someone to develop cancer. Along with this, the paper also uses research to describe the different effects the two different forms of stress have on the body and how chronic or long-term stress affects the body systems at a larger scale in comparison to acute or short-term stress. Using this paper one can conclude that stress alone cannot directly cause a person to develop cancer, however, stress weakens the immune system and negatively affects the body making a person more prone to developing cancer. The aim of this paper is to identify how stress’ affect on the body can lead to the development of cancer and cause cancer to spread in those with cancer. |
Modeling piezoelectricity’s impact on environmental parameters with real-life applications | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3609 | Sriram Seshadri, Armaan Sayyad | 11-30-2022 | With a rapid increase in the global human population in recent years, the Earth is in dire need of alternative energy sources. The objective of this paper is to assess the feasibility of implementing piezoelectricity as a primary source of renewable energy. Specifically, this paper looks at its consequent impact if introduced in 3 fundamental areas of implementation: bus tires, train tracks and railway stations. Each of these areas provide input elements at scale to generate electricity and are simple to implement, maintain and measure through government support. This paper limits the data to the city of Cairo, Egypt. Being low cost as well, the three areas come close to an ideal situation from an economic standpoint. Predictive algorithms and existing data are used to evaluate the consequent change in global green-house emissions and other environmental parameters, had piezoelectricity been previously implemented. The results of the equations show that there would be improved environmental conditions - thus, a net positive impact - that switching to piezoelectricity would have had on the atmosphere and environment. The predictions stay true, provided that the efficiency of the piezoelectric crystal remains constant- an outcome which serves to boost output and lower greenhouse emissions |
A Comprehensive Modeling of Bioenhancers Docked to Transport Proteins to Enhance Bioavailability | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3727 | Via Das, Destiny Pinto, Tejasvi Hariharan, Tanusree Banerjee, Riya Ubale, Avi Uppalapati; Gayathri Renganathan | 11-30-2022 | With pharmaceutical availability being a pertinent issue in modern medicine, the ability of bioenhancers to increase the bioavailability of a drug, thereby reducing the required dosage, can be critical for reducing treatment costs. Flavonoids, one form of bioenhancers, are metabolites that increase the availability through inhibition of key proteins in gut epithelial cells and transport proteins. Bioenhancers have the potential to inhibit proteins that limit absorption, thus increasing the amount of a target drug that can enter systemic circulation, increasing bioavailability. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the membrane transport proteins whose function is to transport drugs in and out of the cell. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the human plasma, is a protein that serves to transport several signals and other compounds throughout the circulatory system. This study assessed the binding of various bioenhancers (piperine, quercetin, capsaicin, naringin, genistein, lysergol, sinomenine, tangeretin) to various forms of P-gp, HSA and ABC transporters to improve drug bioavailability. We hypothesized that the bioenhancers would bind to these transport proteins, thereby inhibiting them and increasing bioavailability.An examination of the geometric shape complementarity scores in PatchDock and the binding affinities (ΔG kcal/mol) from three other web servers (Webina, DockThor, CB-Dock) showed that naringin produces the most optimal binding scores overall. Given the promising optimal binding scores, the data provides critical insight into administering bioenhancers with drugs to improve bioavailability, as well as suggesting that naringin may be a valuable compound to conduct further tests in vitro and in vivo. |
A Study on The Effect of Big Data Analytics on Product Innovation Performance | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3225 | Chih-Hsuan Ashley Cheng, Millie Y.S. Hong; Colin C. J. Cheng | 11-30-2022 | Despite the rising interests in the use of big data analytics (BDA), it is unclear whether the use of BDA is beneficial to product innovation. Building on the Resource-Based View, this study aims to examine the relationship between BDA and product innovation performance. Conducting survey from 163 firms, this study provides compelling evidence indicating that the use of BDA has a significant positive impact on firms’ product innovation. This study discusses theoretical implications for advancing BDA research and suggests actionable steps for managers to get benefits from using BDA. |
Exploring the connections between alcohol and chronic traumatic encephalopathy | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3373 | Arnav Srivastava; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | In the world of hard-hitting sports, a deadly consequence has come up in the past years: chronic traumatic encephalopathy (commonly known as CTE). This brain condition has long eluded scientists attempting to find a treatment and the effects of it are some of the worst we have ever seen. Moreover, the appearance of the disease has only increased in occurrence over recent years. Football, hockey, and other physical sports continue to get more and more popular across the world and if treatment for CTE is not found promptly, the effect of the dangerous sports will be seen in the players’ brains like never before. CTE has claimed countless lives on the record and even more that have never quite been proven. However, though most believe the cause is the constant head trauma experienced by players, perhaps this mystery does not stop at just that. The specific causes of CTE and still not completely known, and this paper intends to answer that with at least one cause: alcohol. Alcohol has been a favorite among many players and its presence is undeniable in the sporting community. Its effects on the liver, kidney, and other organs are clear already, and perhaps after this research and more, its effects on the brain can become clearer as well. A connection between alcohol and CTE can be seen here in this research and this link can be built upon in efforts to create a treatment for the horrible disease, eventually hoping to render this issue nonexistent. |
Biocrest: A novel, organic and sustainable alternative to traditional thermoplastic-based packaging | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3517 | Shalav Kakati, Sriram Seshadri, Mithun Makam | 11-30-2022 | Plastic is handy as an industrial packaging material because it is mouldable, rigid yet flexible, durable, reusable, and cheaper than most alternatives, making it profitable to use. Although it has many advantages, its fair share of drawbacks, the most concerning being the amount of pollution it causes. Although plastics have been in use only since 1907, they have accumulated over time in astronomical quantities, destroying our environment. There are already some excellent sustainable packaging materials out on the market, but it still isn’t as mainstream as it needs to be to put a real dent into plastic pollution. Unless we can find ways to modify plastic to lessen its environmental impact, we must find sustainable packaging alternatives. Our project presents a novel solution to the pervasive plastic problem and sustainably looks into the issue. Our review showcases how materials such as seed extracts and natural binder extracts can be used to develop material that can serve as a potential replacement for the thermoplastic used presently. |
The Phenomena of Using Adjectives as Verbs and Using Nouns as Adjectives in Chinese | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3571 | Puyuan Ye; Deniz Satik | 11-30-2022 | In Chinese, adjectives are sometimes used as verbs and nouns are sometimes used as adjectives, especially online. Usually, although the word occupies only one part of speech, it may be used as another part of speech, which may violate the syntactical rules but make sense to most people. In this paper, various examples of these two phenomena will be closely examined, tests are implemented to verify the original part of speech of the exact word that is used as a different part of speech, and many observations are made. |
A Exploratory data analysis to understand the causes of global warming and application of soft computing techniques to develop its forecasting model | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3117 | Aarush Mahajan; Reetu jain | 11-30-2022 | Global warming (GW) is one of the major effects of human activity where excessive use of fossil fuels as energy sources has led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2, CH4, and water vapour, in the atmosphere one of the main reason to increase the average surface temperature. This study analyzes the time-series data to come to a rational conclusion about the role of GW in increasing sea-water level, the reason for the increase in GHG and the correlation of GHG to GW. In this direction time-series analysis is carried out on four different datasets. The first and second dataset comprises global temperature anomalies data and the cumulative changes in seawater level for the world’s oceans since 1880. The third and fourth dataset comprises the records of concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere since 1st AD and the last 4 ice age years respectively. Finally, forecasting models are developed based on Holt’s and SARIMA techniques to predict the global temperature anomaly, the concentration of GHGs and their correlation with GW. The developed models showed 74.6%, 94.5% and 95.7% accuracy in predicting temperature anomaly, CO2, and CH4 concentration in the atmosphere respectively. The strength of the forecasting model is its ability to compute the critical values of the factors. Therefore, the forecasting models are applied to predict the year in which the critical values of the factors contributing to GW will be attained. |
Factors Contributing to Youth’s Exposure to Mental Health Misinformation on TikTok During the Covid-19 Pandemic | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3296 | Jimin Lee | 11-30-2022 | There is an increasing number of youth having access to smartphones and technology, especially throughout the COVID-19 pandemic (McClain, 2022). Social media, such as TikTok, grew exponentially during the pandemic alongside increased postings of mental health content. As the majority of TikTok users are young people, this paper examines the question: “what factors have contributed most to the increase in the use of potentially misleading online mental health information among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic?”. Reviewing previous research, this paper mainly applies descriptive and evaluation analysis to study the factors that prompted youth to seek mental health information on TikTok. This paper argues that barriers to mental health care and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have led young people to turn to TikTok for mental health information, in turn leading to youth to be more exposed to misinformation. This paper calls for improvements in mental health care accessibility for youth and identifies the root causes of increased misinformation exposure on TikTok. The increased mental health discussions that took place through TikTok should continue but it is imperative to explore ways to prevent information from overflowing and being unreliable for the users. |
Shoulder Dysfunction in High School Tennis Players - an exploratory study | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3393 | Sandheep Ranganathan; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | Previous studies have investigated sports activity related shoulder dysfunction, such as scapular dyskinesis and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), mainly in high-level tennis players. The prevalence of these dysfunctions in comparatively low to moderate level tennis players, such as those at the high school level is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of scapular dyskinesis and GIRD at the high school level and identify some of the factors that makes a high school tennis player more susceptible to developing shoulder dysfunction. A survey related to sports-related shoulder dysfunction was developed in collaboration with physical therapists and was completed by twenty-seven high school level tennis players. The results show that players who have more years of experience, played tennis more often on a weekly basis, and were on the varsity team are more likely to develop shoulder pain and dysfunction. The average number of symptoms increased with years of playing experience and a higher frequency of playing tennis every week, with more than 40% of players on the varsity team reporting a decrease in the velocity, control, and arm motion during their serve. While male players reported more symptoms related to pain, decreased performance and strength, female players reported almost three times more occurrence of lower shoulders compared to male players. Players who consistently did workouts for shoulder and back muscles were less likely to develop shoulder pain and dysfunction, regardless of their level of experience and gender. |
The Effect of Talking to Plants in Order to Improve Emotions and Reduce Stress in High School Students | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3472 | Amelia Gandhi | 11-30-2022 | This study was designed to see if students could improve their emotional state and/or reduce stress by talking to a plant. One of the major benefits of using plants to study feelings or stress is that implementation of the plant does not need to be standardized in order to measure mood or emotional feeling. Plants make excellent listeners because they do not talk back. They allow a person to express their feelings and emotions without interruption or reciprocal feedback. Volunteer high school students, 9th through 12th grade, were given a plant and asked to document their pre-discussion feelings, talk to the plant for 15 minutes about anything they wanted, then document their post-discussion feelings. The study was conducted for 4 weeks through self-guided surveys. The analysis showed a decrease in stress and nervousness across all grade-levels, with an increase in relaxation. |
The Effectiveness of Counterconditioning and Extinction in Extinguishing Learning | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3605 | Pradnya Rajalakshmi | 11-30-2022 | Counterconditioning and extinction are two different forms of learning that inhibit the expression of a learned unwanted behavior by either eliminating the behavior (extinction) or replacing it altogether with a wanted behavior (counterconditioning). While counterconditioning has been shown to be more effective than extinction in some cases, both of these techniques can be vulnerable to the relapse of an unwanted behavior. Separate work has also shown that learning to inhibit unwanted behavior can be more effective if done across multiple different contexts rather than a single experimental context. A systematic comparison of extinction and counterconditioning across single and multiple contexts is, however, lacking. This research paper aims to identify the effectiveness of each of these learning techniques across a single context as well as multiple contexts to identify which is the most suitable for removing unwanted learned behavior. A two-by-two between-subjects design was used wherein four groups completed a learning task in either single or multiple contexts and with either extinction or counterconditioning. It was hypothesized that the counterconditioning group in multiple contexts should turn out to be more effective in extinguishing learning. The results did not support this hypothesis and instead suggest that these methods were all similarly effective at reducing unwanted behaviors. |
Supply Chain Disruption Factors and Influences in Industrial Manufacturing and Technology Industries | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3725 | Adrish Kar; Joshua Eaton | 11-30-2022 | Objective: This paper investigates the main supply chain disruption factors and influences in a set of industrial manufacturing and technology industries as well as the relationships that exist between them. Background: Disruption factors are obstacles that impede a manufacturing company filling customer orders and are treated as the main causal factors in this study. The number of unfilled orders of an industry is any obligation to provide a good or service that has not been met and is used as the main response variable in this research. Methods: Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis are both variable reduction techniques that were utilized together in order to isolate latent constructs behind disruption factors and identify significant disruption factors contributing to the unfilled orders for each industry. Results: Across a majority of manufacturing industries, insufficient supply of materials, equipment limitations, logistics/transportation constraints, and storage limitations were observed to be amplified significantly as disruption factors by the pandemic. Conclusions: This research reveals the disruption factors that were exacerbated by the pandemic in a set of certain industrial manufacturing and technology industries that were not extensively examined by previous research and strongly corroborate existing literature on the general challenges imposed by the pandemic on supply chain networks. This work also provides a future research objective of improving supply chain resilience. |
Digital Marketing in the Makeup Industry - Attraction and Retention of Generation Z | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3204 | Meghna Sahu; Kyle Karnuta | 11-30-2022 | This study investigates the changing nature of marketing, especially by the makeup industry, as Generation Z increasingly employs its growing purchasing power. What do attraction and retention marketing tactics look like as brands seek to win Generation Z consumers? The research investigated the significance of Generation Z’s purchasing power, and found that younger consumers value personal connections, authenticity, and engaging with brands over digital platforms. Specifically in the makeup industry, social media, beauty influencer partnerships, and storytelling are employed to attract Generation Z. Brand communities, satisfying consumers, and loyalty programs are used to retain the younger consumers. A case study of the makeup brand Glossier illustrates how a digitally native brand uses digital tactics to win over the tech-savvy generation. |
Are Hate Crime Enhancements Warranted in American Law? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3466 | Joshua Zhang | 11-30-2022 | Hate crimes are crimes that have an unusual bias upon a certain group due to their specific identity. In the American legal system, it has been a long-time controversy surrounding whether a hate crime enhancement is warranted for those classified as such. This paper first seeks to examine the rationality of hate crime enhancements, using established hate crime legislature to analyze its purpose. Then it will apply such a framework to evaluate whether the legislature abides with legal philosophy and constitutional rights through the lens of moral culpability, past landmark cases, and implementation observances. The paper will explain that legal philosophy deems it impossible to assess motive, a key component of hate crimes. It will also challenge the current supreme court and landmark rulings upon hate crime legislature and points out an unconstitutional logical loophole. Flaws of implementation on demographics and due process are also pointed out as limitations. Through the three-prong analysis, although a justification for current hate crime enhancements is present due to the potential physical and mental damages, it is concluded that they are unconstitutional, unwarranted, and must be limited to ensure the justice of the American legal system. |
The malfeasance of the juvenile justice system through social institutions | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3569 | Kareena Mehra; Amber | 11-30-2022 | I will be exploring how social institutions impact the behavior of adolescent delinquents. I am analyzing the environment and rehabilitative system inside juvenile jail that could increase or decrease the juvenile’s behavior. Some factors that can contribute to institutionalized corruption and criminal behavior are race-based and socioeconomic-based stereotypes towards adolescents from communities of color. In my analysis, I will be following the stories of two case studies. Case study #1 follows a caucasian man, whereas case study #4 follows a black man, however, both these young men are of different ages. There is a clear distinction between how the two go in and out of the system. I will highlight some key points of each juvenile’s home life where we see minor factions resulting in life-altering sentences. While questioning fundamental aspects of a working functioning society I ask, how do the home and street environments of different races influence or perpetuate juvenile behavior? I expect to open a wall to misconceptions made about the juvenile system and expose maltreatment towards troubled youth by elaborating and expanding the research done on their origins. I collected findings such as a lack of resources to support the youths’ physical needs in juvenile centers, the lack of protection from government officials when sentencing youth in the courtrooms, and how the youths’ adolescent and personal change and development can contribute to juvenile behavior. |
The Relationship between Developmental Factors and the Big Five personality Traits | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3761 | Alexander Ji; Ana Patricia Esqueda | 11-30-2022 | The Big Five personality traits theory is a well-accepted taxonomy of personality traits in personality psychology, which consists of five dimensions: openness to experiences, conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. Understanding the Big Five personality theory is critical to recognizing each individual's underlying nature and characteristics. While there is a plethora of research on the impacts and influences of the Big Five personality traits, little is known about the relationship between an individual's developmental factors and their Big Five personality traits. Without understanding the behaviour between development and personality, accurate and reliable causational experiments in personality psychology cannot exist. This study attempts to provide insight into how an individual's developmental factors are correlated with their Big Five personality traits. The original data was collected from surveys distributed to high schoolers studying in an American curriculum. This exploratory study concluded that an individual's familial relationship quality during childhood was correlated with some of the most significant deviations from the mean score of each Big Five personality trait. Individuals with married but separated parents had the highest scores in agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences than any other developmental factor. Overall, the findings of this research indicated the complex relationship between an individual's Big Five personality traits and their development factors, providing information necessary for future causation experiments in personality psychology. |
Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Machine Learning | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3179 | Nathan Zhang | 11-30-2022 | Over the last 3 decades, advances in laser surgery and intraocular drug delivery have decreased the risk of diabetic retinopathy. However, the use of artificial intelligence and other forms of data analysis in retinopathy screening has not had the same advances. This project aimed to analyze the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to develop the best machine learning model to predict the disease. Violin plots were created to compare the distribution of diabetic retinopathy diagnosis with gender. The plot showed that females who had said they were not taking insulin were less likely to be diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Another violin plot showed that those with hypertension who were taking insulin were less likely to have diabetic retinopathy. Histograms were also created to show the distributions of the variables, color-coded by retinopathy diagnosis. Specifically, it was found that the bigger the time gaps since the diabetes diagnosis, the more likely a person suffers from diabetic retinopathy. Finally, multiple machine learning models were tested and these were the most accurate in predicting diabetic retinopathy with an 80% accuracy, LinearSVC, CalibratedClassifierCV, and Logistic Regression. |
Comparison of the efficacy of Natural Language Processing Algorithms at classifying Cyberbullying Tweets | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3432 | Eric Cui; Christopher Brown | 11-30-2022 | Machine Learning is frequently used to predict and classify data. Natural Language Processing (NLP) uses machine learning to classify strings of words. There are many different machine learning models that can be used for NLP, with three main categories being regression, decision tree, and neural net models. Each has their own advantages and drawbacks. After being trained and tested on a set of tweets concerning cyberbullying, Logistic Regression, XGboost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were compared in terms of several metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, and f1-score. Afterwards, the metrics were considered in combination with model runtime and complexity to determine which model was most appropriate for the given dataset and other similar datasets. Logistic Regression was found to lack sufficient complexity to properly classify the data. LSTM had worse metrics than XGboost and had significantly higher complexity and runtime. XGboost performed best, with the highest metrics and relatively short runtime. |
Using Machine Learning Regressors for the Discovery of Culex Mosquito Habitats and Breeding Patterns in Washington D.C. | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3710 | Iona Xia, Neha Singirikonda, Landon Hellman, Jasmine Watson, Marvel Hanna; Dr. Russanne Low | 11-30-2022 | Culex mosquitoes pose a significant threat to humans and other species due to their ability to carry deadly viruses such as the West Nile and Zika. Washington D.C., in particular, has a humid subtropical climate that is ideal as a habitat for mosquito breeding. Thus, tracking mosquitoes’ habitats and breeding patterns in Washington D.C. is crucial for addressing local public health concerns. Although fieldwork techniques have improved over the years, monitoring and analyzing mosquitoes is difficult, dangerous, and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a solution by creating a Culex mosquito abundance predictor using machine learning techniques to determine under which conditions Culex mosquitoes thrive and reproduce. We used four environmental variables to conduct this experiment: precipitation, specific humidity, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and surface skin temperature. We obtained sample data of these variables in the Washington D.C. areas from the NASA Giovanni Earth Science Data system, as well as mosquito abundance data collected by the D.C. government. Using these data, we created and compared four machine learning regression models: Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Multi-Layer Perceptron. We searched for the optimal configurations for each model to get the best fitting possible. Random Forest Regressor produced the most accurate prediction of mosquito abundance in an area with the four environment variables, achieving a mean average error of 3.3. EVI was the most significant factor in determining mosquito abundance. Models and findings from this research can be utilized by public health programs for mosquito-related disease observations and predictions. |
How does the architecture in the movie Parasite help portray the social class differences? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3059 | Rhea Kochhar | 11-30-2022 | Social class difference is the central plot in the film “Parasite”. The movie shows the difference in lifestyles of the upper-class and lower-class. One way it does so is through the architecture portrayed in it, which is precisely what this research paper focuses upon. The subthemes of architecture chosen for this paper include spatial elevation, interior orientation, and perspective of the outside world from the upper-class and lower-class streams. Different points are characterized into these three groups and are explored as a whole in the film. This research paper also tries to identify why a certain setting has been used, why has the layout been made a certain way, and why has a certain object been placed in a particular spot. All the answers to these questions mainly point in the direction of creating an empathetic response from the audience. This refers to the audience feeling sorry for the low-income Kim household and hence actively depicting their plight. As the film is set in South Korea, it can be derived that it not only highlights the general wage gap but rather specifically the one in Korea as it is filled with poverty and unequally distributed income. Moreover, architecture itself might have been one chosen medium to bring the social difference to notice as it is very subtle in nature. It makes the audience sympathize without them even realizing when or why. |
Are Collectivist Societies Better at Managing National Crisis? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3457 | Edward Sun; Lisa Callender | 11-30-2022 | Based on the cultural psychology literature, we investigate which type of society is more effective in response to national crisis by comparing four aspects of individualistic and collectivistic states – sense of unity, conspiracy theories, political policy, and technology advancement. Our analysis suggests that the stronger psychological sense of unity and lower impact of conspiracy theories in collectivist societies leads to stronger support for government policies, resulting in more efficient response to national crisis in the short term. However, these features in collectivist nationals may suppress creativity and technology advancement, which compromise their effectiveness in combating national crisis in the long run. |
Nursing Homes:The Overshadowed and Undervalued Aspects of Covid-19 By:Abdul Hadi Kamran | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3349 | Abdul Hadi Kamran; Angel Aguilar | 11-30-2022 | Abstract Every 100 years, some sort of infectious disease devastates the world. In 1720, we had the Plague, in 1817, Cholera, in 1918, the Spanish Flu, and now in 2020, we have the Coronavirus. The disease, having been first discovered in Wuhan, China, soon took the world by storm as more and more people fell ill to the contagious disease. Due to how new and unique the disease was, everyone was vulnerable to it. However, certain demographics were at a higher risk of being fatally affected by the disease. This being the elderly and young children. At the start of the pandemic, the entire world was focused on hospitals, how to quarantine patients, where to separately keep them, etc. The type of facility with the highest percentage or the elderly, however, are not in fact hospitals. The type of facility with the highest percentage of elderly is Nursing Homes, who were treated extremely differently to hospitals during the early portion of the pandemic. The goals of this project were to assess the mentality of those who were held responsible for the lives of those most at risk, and whether or not they believe they were given adequate support during the pandemic. |
Xenotransplantation and its adverse effects on the immunology of the human body and solutions | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3419 | Chaitanya Krishna; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | The current demand in the U.S. for a transplant far exceeds of what is available. In fact, 22 people die each day because they do not get the necessary organ in time. With the human population growing, this problem will surely continue to get worse, but innovative solutions exist. Xenotransplantation, a method where a non-human organ is transplanted into a human, offers exciting potential like none seen before. An unlimited number of cells, tissues, and organs could be “manufactured” through genetic engineering, and this would truly be able to solve the high demand of organs in the United States. Obviously, tons of hurdles exist. Based on multiple sources, specific effects because of hidden diseases inside the graft, or organ of the animal, can cause damage to the patient which is alarming. Organ rejection is also deeply covered: the several types and what it entails in the body. Analyzing from various sources, the purpose of this research paper is to explain the adverse effects that transplantation can cause and to promote further research and investigation on combating the adversities presented. |
Characteristics of Psychotic Depression in Juveniles and Analyzing 4 Antipsychotics | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3486 | Deepak Vaidyula; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | This research paper attempts to answer how psychotic depression differs in children and adults and focuses on the properties of the following four antipsychotics: Mellaril, Clozaril, Zyprexa, and Abilify to analyze which antipsychotic was most effective. This research paper analyzed differences in how children and adults react to psychotic depression by analyzing a recent study. To compare the different drugs, one or more studies were analyzed for each drug, and each drug’s properties were analyzed. After evaluating the different effects of psychotic depression, it was found that hallucinations were much more common in teenagers and children. More specifically, it was found that the most common type of hallucination was auditory. It was also found that the number of minors suffering from psychotic depression may be grossly underestimated. Clozaril was found to be very effective for patients that didn’t respond to other antipsychotics but dangerous because of its side effects. Mellaril seemed to be effective at treating schizophrenia, but had many side effects. Zyprexa seemed to be useful for weight gain for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and Abilify seemed to be good for treating schizophrenia over a long period of time. It was concluded that children were more at risk for psychotic depression as they would not tell their guardians because of fear of backlash. It was also found that a few children believed hallucinations to be make-believe and not a disorder. Clozaril was found to be the most effective antipsychotic, while Zyprexa was the least. |
Variations in the English Language Depending on Audience as Seen Through Tyler, The Creator | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3589 | Brinley Belding; Anna Trester | 11-30-2022 | Tyler, the Creator is one of the most popular artists of the late 2010s. Perceptible in many of his works, Tyler changes the way he speaks depending on the context of his song and his audience. This paper argues that, in order to fit into the hip-hop community, Tyler uses more variations characteristic of African American English whereas personal albums stray away from variations to focus on the content itself. This is because Tyler is more focused on his story than fitting in. |
Efficacy of Techniques Used in the Medical Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioblastoma | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3673 | Pranav Potluri; Jothsna Kethar | 11-30-2022 | Upon diagnosis, patients are presented with various treatment options from which to choose from. Oftentimes, however, the patient is oblivious to what exactly is being presented to them. The complexity of the medical field is unrivaled and patients are often blind to what is being done, especially in oncology. Oncology is regarded as an incredibly complex field with even more complex subgroups. One of society’s most perplexing cancers is Glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer in which a growth appears in the brain or spinal cord Scientists know very little about the disease as it affects an extremely small percentage of the population. However, it is important to be informed about the possible treatment options and specific details of each. The purpose of this research is to inform society of the treatment options for Glioblastoma and how effective they are at curing the disease. This journal elaborates on these complex treatments, ranging from the classic methods of radiation therapy to the intricate methods of brain surgery. Upon reading this paper, one will have a deeper understanding of what it means to undergo cancer treatment, especially for a sickness as dire as Glioblastoma. The paper will explain three techniques used to treat Glioblastoma including how the treatment is performed, under what circumstances will it be performed, and the effectiveness of the technique. These treatments are incredibly elaborate, but by congesting the main cancer treatment techniques into one, organized document, patients can better their understanding of Glioblastoma and its treatment options. |
The Quarter-Life Crisis: The Lack of Identity Development Support in Adolescents | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3049 | Kristina Chao | 11-30-2022 | The adolescent stage of development involves wide-scale neurological growth, thus allowing for a considerable emergence of mental health disorder symptoms, stemming from imbalances within the brain. Identity formation is a significant factor in adolescent maturation; however, rapid development can result in small-scale identity crises. Lack of identity development support in a teenager’s environment can lead to discrepancies between their self-concept and the societal image they present, otherwise known as identity regression. During the adolescent period of growth, teenagers evolve into fully-functioning members of society which is undoubtedly a critical stage that would benefit from identity development support. In order to prevent future difficulties, it is crucial to establish a nurturing foundation that is accepting of mistakes. Establishing healthy behaviors that are suitable to one’s environment can assist in identifying the vulnerabilities that arise within teenagers, in turn potentially avoiding many more severe mental disorder symptoms. |
The Impact of Payday Loans on Healthcare Choices & Physical Health | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3447 | Achinteya Jayaram; Hammad Shaikh | 11-30-2022 | Healthcare economics and payday loans have been a significant challenge for the United States population for many years, with various papers finding broad connections between them. This paper focuses on one such connection: how payday loans impact the overall physical health of an individual. I have analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth and the Payday Loans and Customer Service data source from Kaggle, and estimated regression models in order to find correlations between variables. Using this, I have found a direct connection between payday loans and healthcare choices: if people take out payday loans, they are more likely to be in a better state of physical health. Also, taking out a payday loan does not necessarily result in a visit to the doctor's office. In additional analysis, I find that racial minorities are most likely to take out payday loans. Lastly, I have highlighted the need for higher transparency around the fees/interest charged on payday loans. |
Impacts of Climate Change on American Immigrant Flows and Employment Sectors | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3523 | Ziang Li; Gabriela Nagle Alverio | 11-30-2022 | This paper focuses on the impacts of natural disasters caused by climate change on American immigrant flows and American immigrants’ employment sectors. This paper consists of two distinct quantitative analyses. The first analysis investigates the relationship between climate disasters and the number of people that immigrated to the U.S. from 2010 to 2019 (which is the closest intact decade before the pandemic) for several countries and shows a positive relationship between climate change and American immigrant flows. This part also discusses the inherent variation between developed countries and developing countries, and analyzes the relationship between the gross domestic production index and the number of people that immigrated to the U.S. In the second part of the analysis, the paper analyzes the several American states that contain the highest number of immigrants and which employment sectors immigrants preferred in 2015, which is the median year of the period in the first analysis. As a result, the result shows that American immigrants’ employment sector distribution varies for each state, and American immigrants are more likely to participate in fundamental occupations such as agriculture and infrastructure construction. At the end of the paper, some viable suggestions on current immigration policy and future prospects in the related research fields are mentioned. |
The Effect of the NIL on Recruitment | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3629 | Mehul Arunarthi; Genevieve Gregorich | 11-30-2022 | The recent emergence of pay for collegiate athletes through the reformation of the NIL rules (name, image, and likeness), can change the entire system of recruitment of college sports, while will affect the entire business scope of the NCAA. I studied the subject of recruitment for the NCAA from the years 2018-2022 to analyze any changes in the recruitment plane before and after the NIL rule change in 2019. This research showed while a profound effect hasn’t taken place yet, changes are bound to come along, as the NIL rule becomes more widespread, and athletes start to take advantage of its benefits. These choices made by rising college athletes will alter the recruiting game as a whole as some schools will be targeted more than others. |
Can Stress Cause Cancer? | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3484 | TRISHA NATARAJ; Coach Jo | 11-30-2022 | Stress is how people react when they feel under pressure or threatened. Stress typically occurs when people are in a situation that they do not feel they can manage or control. Today, more than ever, people of all ages and backgrounds experience stress which can have many negative effects on the body. Stress’ effect on the body is harmful no matter what form it is in. However, the longer that stress is present in the body, the more harmful it becomes. Stress slowly weakens the immune system and the rest of the body’s systems in different ways making the body more susceptible to certain diseases. This paper uses research done on stress’ affect on the body and the health conditions people are more prone to develop if they are stressed, to identify if stress can cause someone to develop cancer. Along with this, the paper also uses research to describe the different effects the two different forms of stress have on the body and how chronic or long-term stress affects the body systems at a larger scale in comparison to acute or short-term stress. Using this paper one can conclude that stress alone cannot directly cause a person to develop cancer, however, stress weakens the immune system and negatively affects the body making a person more prone to developing cancer. The aim of this paper is to identify how stress’ affect on the body can lead to the development of cancer and cause cancer to spread in those with cancer. |
An Investigation of the Effects of the Ukraine War on Children’s Mental Health | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3582 | Seung Hee Rhew; Christine Salerno | 11-30-2022 | Since the start of the Ukraine war, children that have fallen victim to the war have become a part of the “lost generation”. Many of them lost family members, educational opportunities, and their childhoods. After losing the most important aspects of lives, they only encountered more impediments: physical, mental, and moral injuries. In order to mitigate the destructive impacts of this war, charities are donating food, water, clothes, and money – basic necessities that humans need to survive. Although the Ukraine war has received global attention and countless charities and non-profit organizations have provided such tangible services, there are other significant issues regarding children’s mental health that are going unseen. Mental illnesses and psychological disorders have been more prevalent in children as a result of the war. Mental issues are much more impairing and serious than physical injuries.Yet, most of the focus is on the physical health of the victims. In conclusion, more humanitarian organizations must consider interventions that would relieve psychological distress and help the children overcome their hurdles. |
The Importance of Education on Bhutanese Refugees and their Personal Incomes | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3666 | Arjun Kalyandurg; Olufemi Olaleye | 11-30-2022 | In this paper, I look to find the personal income rates of Bhutanese Refugees. I have been looking to find how variables like a refugee's educational attainment, poverty rate, and family situation affect how much money they make. Through the usage of Integrated Public Use Microdata Series(IPUMS) quantitative data, I took a sample of the specific year 2018 to visit the causation behind these variables and the result. An increase in the educational attainment of a Bhutanese Refugee will lead to an increase in their personal income and with a larger family, they will make more money. This means that the actions of the variables, whether they increase or decrease, have an effect on the personal income rates of a refugee. |
A Study on The Effect of Big Data Analytics on Product Innovation Performance | https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3225 | Chih-Hsuan Ashley Cheng, Millie Y.S. Hong; Colin C. J. Cheng | 11-30-2022 | Despite the rising interests in the use of big data analytics (BDA), it is unclear whether the use of BDA is beneficial to product innovation. Building on the Resource-Based View, this study aims to examine the relationship between BDA and product innovation performance. Conducting survey from 163 firms, this study provides compelling evidence indicating that the use of BDA has a significant positive impact on firms’ product innovation. This study discusses theoretical implications for advancing BDA research and suggests actionable steps for managers to get benefits from using BDA. |
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