text
stringlengths 0
93
|
|---|
an O
|
integrated O
|
model O
|
to O
|
simulate O
|
storm B-climate-hazards
|
surge I-climate-hazards
|
inundation I-climate-hazards
|
risk O
|
in O
|
Osaka O
|
Bay O
|
under O
|
climate O
|
change O
|
and O
|
provide O
|
a O
|
cost O
|
– O
|
benefit O
|
analysis O
|
of O
|
structure O
|
adaptation O
|
strategies O
|
to O
|
reduce O
|
risk O
|
. O
|
Without O
|
adaptation O
|
measures O
|
, O
|
the O
|
expected O
|
annual O
|
damage B-climate-impacts
|
cost I-climate-impacts
|
increases O
|
from O
|
9.85 O
|
billion O
|
JPY O
|
to O
|
69.17 O
|
billion O
|
JPY O
|
in O
|
Osaka O
|
Bay O
|
under O
|
the O
|
projected O
|
RCP8.5 B-climate-datasets
|
scenario O
|
to O
|
2100 O
|
. O
|
The O
|
results O
|
indicate O
|
that O
|
raising O
|
the O
|
height B-climate-properties
|
of O
|
existing O
|
dikes B-climate-mitigations
|
can O
|
reduce O
|
inundation B-climate-hazards
|
risk O
|
effectively O
|
. O
|
Using O
|
cost O
|
– O
|
benefit O
|
analysis O
|
, O
|
we O
|
find O
|
that O
|
upgrading O
|
by O
|
1 O
|
m O
|
the O
|
height B-climate-properties
|
of O
|
existing O
|
dikes B-climate-mitigations
|
is O
|
the O
|
most O
|
cost O
|
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