text
stringlengths
0
93
an O
integrated O
model O
to O
simulate O
storm B-climate-hazards
surge I-climate-hazards
inundation I-climate-hazards
risk O
in O
Osaka O
Bay O
under O
climate O
change O
and O
provide O
a O
cost O
– O
benefit O
analysis O
of O
structure O
adaptation O
strategies O
to O
reduce O
risk O
. O
Without O
adaptation O
measures O
, O
the O
expected O
annual O
damage B-climate-impacts
cost I-climate-impacts
increases O
from O
9.85 O
billion O
JPY O
to O
69.17 O
billion O
JPY O
in O
Osaka O
Bay O
under O
the O
projected O
RCP8.5 B-climate-datasets
scenario O
to O
2100 O
. O
The O
results O
indicate O
that O
raising O
the O
height B-climate-properties
of O
existing O
dikes B-climate-mitigations
can O
reduce O
inundation B-climate-hazards
risk O
effectively O
. O
Using O
cost O
– O
benefit O
analysis O
, O
we O
find O
that O
upgrading O
by O
1 O
m O
the O
height B-climate-properties
of O
existing O
dikes B-climate-mitigations
is O
the O
most O
cost O