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[ [ "Wilhelm Goetsch" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Goetsch''' (25 October 1887 – 20 March 1960) was a German zoologist and entomologist who was best known for several books on the ants.", "The most influential was ''Die Staaten der Ameisen'' (1937) which was revised in 1953 and translated into English." ], [ "Life and work", "Goetsch was born in Gotha where his father Johannes was a bookseller.", "His mother was Ella Wolfrum.", "He studied at the University of Munich and at Berlin and received a doctorate in 1914 with work on the formation of osteoderms in teleosts (\"Über Hautknochenbildung bei Teleostiern und bei Amia calva\").", "He then worked as a zoological assistant at the University of Strasbourg, habilitating in 1917.His work was on freshwater ''Hydra'' lifespan and reproduction.", "He then moved to Munich in 1921.In 1929 he moved to South America and became a professor at the University of Santiago de Chile, holding the position until 1931.In 1934 he became a professor of zoology at the University of Breslau and held the position until the end of the war.", "After the war he worked at Krumpendorf, Salzburg, and in Barcelona.", "In 1947 he became an honorary professor at the University of Graz.", "Goetsch initially worked on ''Hydra'' but became interested in the social insects, particularly ants and termites.", "Among the experiments he conducted were feeding experiments on ants to see if the development of different ant castes was influenced by nutrition.", "His work on giant ants made him identify a so-called \"active ingredient T\" (or Vitamin T) which he promoted as a medicine for children, it was later produced from ''Torula''.", "In 1937 he wrote a major book on the ants ''Die Staaten der Ameisen'' (or The colonies of ants).Goetsch's work inspired Carl Stephenson who wrote ''Leiningen Versus the Ants'' (1938, the German original in 1937) to produce a revised work after World War II called ''Marabunta'' in which Goetsch is introduced as a character who is an expert on the ants.", "Goetsch also produced a revised edition of his book on ants in 1953 which was translated into English.", "A notable changes was the change in the comparison of humans to ants.", "In the 1937 edition Goetsch considered ant society as an ideal that humans had yet to reach and ended the book with “''in dem der eineschweigend verzichtet, der andere freudig opfert und gibt''” (“some quietly renounce while others joyfully sacrifice and give”), a line that was taken from Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf.Goetsch was made a member of the Leopoldina academy in 1944.he died in Säckingen." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* The ants (1957, English translation)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Hamdillah Abdul Wahab" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Hamdillah bin Abdul Wahab''' is a Bruneian politician and engineer who became the deputy minister at the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources from 2005 to 2010.He is also the founding president of the Brunei Energy Association (BEnA) and the Brunei-Japan Friendship (BJFA)." ], [ "Education", "Dato Hamdillah graduated from McGill University in Montreal in 1974 with a degree in Chemical Engineering.", "He had positions as a plant technician at the Shell Stanlow Refinery in the United Kingdom, a technical advisor at the Shell International Head Office in Den Haag, a research assistant at the Pulp & Paper Research Institute at McGill University, and plant manager at the Shell Pernis Refinery in Rotterdam, Holland." ], [ "Early career", "At Brunei LNG (BLNG), Brunei Shell Funds, Brunei Shell Petroleum, and Brunei Shell Tankers, Dato Hamdillah held the position of director of the board.", "He also served on the steering committee of the Brunei Gas Masterplan, a member of the Belait Municipal Council, was a member of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) council, and was an advisor to ketua kampung of Kampong Lumut under the Ministry of Home Affairs.At BLNG, he served as CEO.", "In November 2000, he chaired the APEC CEO Summit, E-Trade Fair, and SME Business Forum.", "He served as the co-chair of the SME Informal Caucus in 2000, the SME Committee in 1997, and an ASEAN Business Advisory Council (ABAC) member from 1996 to 2000." ], [ "Political career", "On 24 May 2005, Dato Hamdillah was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Industry and Primary Resources, under Ahmad Jumat.", "He became the first private sector employee to be appointed to a government position.", "He acts as the representative minister while the minister is absent or on leave.", "Despite the strong trade numbers between ASEM (Asia–Europe Meeting) member nations, he stated there was still more space for development in September 2005.Despite holding a ministerial position in the ministry, Dato Hamdillah would also become the chairman of the Brunei HoB National Council.", "He highlighted the necessity of completing the paper that outlined the institutional structures and procedures that would govern the HoB Initiative.", "He pointed out that similarly sustainable money was necessary for the HoB's sustainable development.", "In order to achieve the shared goals, \"our friends from the World Wildlife Fund will be assisting us to develop a long term financing scheme,\" he stated." ], [ "Other works", "Following his tenure with the Brunei government, he was reported to have transitioned into a regional businessman with a plethora of industry interests.The Brunei Japan Friendship Association (BJFA) chose Dato Hamdillah as its president.", "The BJFA has placed a renewed focus on volunteerism, business, and youth development under his direction.", "He hopes that more young people would become involved and hone their organisational and entrepreneurial abilities under this new leadership.", "He and the Japanese ambassador would often provide encouraging messages to visiting Japanese high school and university students.", "In July 2018, he also gave an overview of JBFA's initiatives to strengthen ties between Brunei and Japan, including a one-week study tour to Japan for Bruneian university students interested in industry and culture.", "In an effort to promote awareness of Japanese culture, the Embassy of Japan in Brunei Darussalam would host the next Japanese language and culture week, which the JBFA will financially support." ], [ "Personal life", "Dato Hamdillah have a sibling named ''Dato Paduka'' Haji Mohammad Alimin, chairman of Royal Brunei Airlines (RBA).", "According to what his brother said in an interview with ''Inspire'', his family was deeply religious.", "Their mother would ensure that we had to abide by the regulations.", "His brother also stated that their father, Abdul Wahab, did not spend enough time with his children when they were growing up, as it was an admission of his own limits, namely his difficulty with reading and writing, which even made signing his name a difficult chore." ], [ "Honours", "Dato Hamdillah is known to be awarded the following honours:=== National ===* 50x50px Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Second Class (DPMB; 1998) – ''Dato Paduka''* 50x50px Order of Setia Negara Brunei Third Class (SNB; 1993)=== Foreign ===* :** 50x50px Order of the Rising Sun Second Class (3 November 2013)" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa''' was a renowned scholar and author in the field of Dharmaśāstra, prosody, and Alaṅkāra, residing in Benares during the 16th century.", "He belonged to the Bhaṭṭa family, originally from Maharashtra, known for their dedication to the study and composition of Dharmaśāstra texts.", "Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa's father, Rāmeśvara Bhaṭṭa, migrated from Pratiṣṭhāna in Deccan to Banaras.It is believed that he played a role in rebuilding the famous Viśvanātha temple in Banaras, which had been repeatedly demolished by Muslim attackers in the past.", "However, this effort was short-lived, as the temple was once again demolished by Aurangzeb, who then constructed the Gyanvapi Mosque in 1678 on the site where the temple had stood.He is also the ancestor of authorities like Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Gāgā Bhaṭṭa, Dinakara Bhaṭṭa, and others." ], [ "Compositions", "Bhaṭṭa's notable works include a commentary on the ''Vṛttaratnākara'' of Kedāra Bhaṭṭa, ''Vṛttaratnāvalī'', ''Prayogaratna'', ''Tristhalisetu,'' and ''Antyeșțipaddhati.''", "Another work, ''Vṛttaratnāvalī'', is mentioned in a report by F. Kielhorn, although no copies are currently available in catalogues.Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa's life and works provide valuable insights into the scholarly pursuits and cultural heritage of Benares during the 16th century." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Haborodelphis" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Haborodelphis''''' is an extinct genus of beluga-like odontocete cetacean known from the Early Pliocene from the north-west Pacific.", "It was first named by Hiroto Ichishima and colleagues in 2018 and the type species is ''H.", "japonicus''." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Hennie van Heerden" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Hendrik Johannes Otto van Heerden''' is a South African retired judge who was the first Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa from 1997 to 2000.Formerly an advocate and silk in Bloemfontein, he joined the bench in the Free State Provincial Division in 1978 and was promoted to the Appellate Division in 1982.He was Acting Chief Justice of South Africa in 2000." ], [ "Early life and career", "Van Heerden was born in Edenburg in the former Orange Free State, where he attended high school.", "He studied law at Stellenbosch University, completing a BA ''cum laude'' in 1951 and an LLB ''cum laude'' in 1953.From 1954 to 1959, he returned to the Free State to join the law faculty of the University of the Orange Free State, where he was a senior lecturer and where he completed his LLD in 1959.His doctoral dissertation, on competition law and unfair competition, was based on research conducted in 1956 at Yale University and the University of Heidelberg, and it was later published as a book.Later in 1959, van Heerden joined the Free State Bar.", "He practised as an advocate in Bloemfontein for the next two decades, during which time, from 1963 to 1965, he represented South Africa in the International Court of Justice in two cases concerning the status of South West Africa.", "He was acting chairperson of the Press Council from 1974 to 1975, chairperson of the General Council of the Bar from 1976 to 1977, and Senior Counsel from 1972 onwards." ], [ "Judicial career", "=== Supreme Court ===On 1 February 1978, van Heerden joined the bench as a judge of the Free State Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.", "He served as an acting judge in the Appellate Division from June 1980 onwards, and he was permanently elevated to that division on 16 December 1982.He also returned to the South African Law Commission as a member from 1982 to 1995 and as chairman from 1988 to 1995.Commentators described van Heerden as a conservative but apolitical judge, and Fink Haysom and Clive Plasket admired him for dissenting from Acting Chief Justice Pierre Rabie's decision to uphold restrictions on freedom of expression during the 1986 state of emergency.=== Deputy Chief Justice ===After the end of apartheid, the 1996 Constitution reformed the Supreme Court, turning the Appellate Division into the new Supreme Court of Appeal.", "Van Heerden, who by then was the most senior member of the appellate bench, was a popular candidate to succeed Michael Corbett as Chief Justice and head of the new court; indeed, a large number of senior judges objected publicly when President Nelson Mandela announced that Ismail Mahomed was his own preferred candidate.", "When the National Association of Democratic Lawyers called for van Heerden to withdraw from the contest, Judge of Appeal Joos Hefer vociferously defended him, arguing in ''Beeld'' that Mahomed should withdraw instead.", "The ''Mail & Guardian'' compared the saga to the similar controversy that had followed L. C. Steyn's elevation ahead of Oliver Schreiner in 1959.After the Judicial Service Commission interviewed Mahomed and van Heerden in Cape Town in late 1996, Mahomed was appointed as Chief Justice and van Heerden as his deputy.", "When Mahomed fell ill in February 2000, van Heerden was appointed as acting Chief Justice, and he returned to that position when Mohamed died, acting as Chief Justice from 17 June 2000 until his retirement at the end of that year." ], [ "Personal life", "Van Heerden had three children with his first wife, Jean Marie Heese, who died in February 1994.He married Desiree Jo du Toit in 1996." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Rustaviornis" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Rustaviornis''''' is an extinct monotypic genus of pheasant-like bird.", "Its remains were discovered in Miocene-aged sediments near Rustavi, in Eastern Georgia." ], [ "History and etymology", "The genus ''Rustaviornis'' was erected in 1972 by Burchak-Abramovich and Meladze, based on a single distal fragment of a tibiotarsal bone, found in the right bank of the Kura, near the town of Rustavi, in modern Georgia, that was at the time an Union Republic of the USSR.The genus name, ''Rustaviornis'', is formed by the prefix ''Rustavi''-, referring to the town of Rustavi near which it was found, and the suffix -''ornis'', meaning \"bird\"." ], [ "Description", "''Rustaviornis'' is only known after a single and fragmentary holotype tibiotarsus, sharing similarities with those of modern-day pheasants and black grouse, although it was much larger, reaching the size of that of the modern junglefowl." ], [ "Paleoecology", "During the Early Miocene, the Iagluja locality, as well as several other sites in the area, was populated by a typical European Hipparion fauna, such as a Mediterranean tortoise, an undeterminate rodent, a badger, the skunk ''Promephitis'', the hyenas ''Ictitherium'' and ''Adcrocuta'', a saber-toothed cat, the early elephant ''Choerolophodon pentelicus'', the namesake horse ''Hipparion'' cf.", "''eldaricum'', a chalicothere, the rhinoceros ''Dicerorhinus'' and ''Aceratherium'', the hog ''Microstonyx'', the deer ''Procapreolus'', the giraffid ''Palaeotragus'', and the bovids ''Oioceros'', ''Paraoioceros'' and ''Tragocerus''." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "History of Busto Arsizio" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''history of Busto Arsizio''', according to the hypotheses advanced by some historians and later re-proposed by local history scholars, would have seen its beginnings with the Ligurians.", "The later presence of the Romans, mentioned by many authors, is shown by the town's urban distribution.Known in the early Middle Ages for the tanning of hides, the first mention of the city dates from 1053, when the name ''Bvsti'' is mentioned on a plaque located in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan.By decree of Cardinal Charles Borromeo, on April 4, 1583, Busto Arsizio, then under the rule of Duke Filippo Maria Visconti, was detached from the Vicariate of Seprio and placed at the head of what until then had been the Parish of Olgiate Olona.", "From that time it thus had its own ''podestà''.The origins of the activity that made the town a major textile center date back to the Middle Ages: in 1375 \"one can hear a loom in almost every house,\" as testified a few centuries later by historian Pietro Antonio Crespi Castoldi in his history of Busto Arsizio (''De Oppido Busti Relationes'').In the second half of the nineteenth century the development of the town outside the defensive walls began, along the ''strà Balon'' (present-day Corso XX Settembre) and the Garottola road (present-day Via Mameli).", "On October 30, 1864, Busto Arsizio was granted the title of city in the Kingdom of Italy.", "Due to the intense activity of the entrepreneur Enrico dell'Acqua, it acquired the dual profile of cotton and mechanical town in the late nineteenth century, thus securing its economic well-being.Many entrepreneurs built their villas in the style in vogue in the early twentieth century, Art Nouveau, still an important part of Busto's architectural heritage.", "Beginning in 1928, the city's history became intertwined with that of two other former municipalities, Sacconago and Borsano, which became neighborhoods.", "Today Busto Arsizio is a modern industrial and commercial center of more than 83,000 inhabitants, located in one of the most industrialized areas in Europe, the Alto Milanese." ], [ "Hypotheses on the origins", "Busto Arsizio, according to some hypotheses, has Ligurian origins.", "The Ligurians, in order to obtain space for the cultivation of vines and some cereals, as well as for the construction of stone huts covered with straw roofs, used the technique of slash-and-burn: that is, they set fire to the forest that then covered the entire Po Valley.", "Also in what was later called ''Silva longa'', they made a ''Bustum'', or new settlement, which was the beginning of what is now the city of Busto Arsizio.", "This settlement developed near the Tenore stream, a watercourse that, in ancient times, had a greater and more constant water flow than it does today.", "The stream, coming from the moraine hills of the lower Varesotto area, flowed down along today's Bellini and Montebello streets.According to these hypotheses, evidence that Busto Arsizio constituted a fossilized Ligurian island on Lombard land would also come from the study of the Busto dialect.", "The facts would date back to prehistoric times, when the lands from the Rhône to the Camonica valley were inhabited by Ligurian tribes.", "Their language in the second half of the first millennium B.C.", "was transformed first by the Gallic domination, which, however, did not penetrate everywhere equally (in the case of Busto Arsizio the traces are scarce), and then by the deeper and more incisive one of the Romans.", "Busto Arsizio, therefore, would have constituted for a long time a Ligurian enclave immersed in the Insubrian land and would therefore have had only modest contact with those Celtic populations that arrived in various waves from central Europe by crossing the Alps.", "Nevertheless, some ancient districts of the city, such as Sciornago, show typical Celtic endings.", "The same can be said of Sacconago and Borsano, whose suffixes \"''-ago''\" and \"''-ano'',\" along with \"''-ate''\" (found in the nearby town of Gallarate), were characteristic of the Insubrians.The fact that the area was inhabited in Roman times is indicated, according to some, by the regular pattern of the streets in the historic center, and by the discovery of some late Roman objects, probably from the period between the second and fourth centuries CE.", "From an administrative point of view, it was part of the ''regio XI Transpadana''.", "A reliable temporal placement of an early Roman settlement is around 200 B.C., when the Celts were defeated and subdued; with the reclamation of the Upper Milanese area, an agricultural colony of Busto was founded.On the territory of Busto Arsizio (but far from the built-up area), in Roman times, passed the Via Severiana Augusta, a Roman consular road that connected ''Mediolanum'' (modern Milan) with the ''Verbannus Lacus'' (Lake Verbano, i.e.", "Lake Maggiore), and from there to the Simplon Pass (lat.", "''Summo Plano'')." ], [ "Early Middle Ages", "Tanning of hides in a historical reconstructionKnown in the early Middle Ages for the tanning of hides, the first mention of the town dates back to 1053, when the name ''Bvsti'' is mentioned on a plaque located in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan.", "Other mentions are from the 12th century, in two documents from 1119 and 1140.During this period the ''locus Busti'' followed the fortunes of today's Castelseprio, a center that experienced a period of considerable splendor after the barbarian invasions.", "The Lombards, starting in the 6th century, made it the most important stronghold in the region north of Milan.", "Lombard rule dealt the death blow to the surviving Roman institutions and established a new political, civil and economic order that was already almost feudal in nature.Lombard rule ceased when Charlemagne defeated King Desiderius, whose fall occurred in 774.Lombard institutions were replaced by those of the Franks: the dukes were opposed by counts and marquises, and feudalism was imminent.Regarding the Carolingian period and the subsequent period of the kingdoms of Italy, there is a lack, as far as Busto Arsizio is concerned, of documentation.", "The ''locus Busti'' continued to be part of the contado of Seprio, which became so powerful that it had its own mint.", "As far as ecclesiastical institutions were concerned, Busto Arsizio depended on Olgiate Olona, the head parish." ], [ "Late Middle Ages", "Bell tower of St. Michael the Archangel, the base of which dates back to the years around 1000The oldest building still standing in the town is the base of the bell tower of the church of St. Michael the Archangel, dating back to the 9th or 10th century.", "The dedication of the church to St. Michael the Archangel, whose cult was particularly widespread among the Lombards, has led to the assumption of an original settlement of that population near the church, which in its present phase must have replaced an older, smaller building of worship.", "The presence of a fortification is consistent with the location of the site, which is at the highest point of the ancient municipal territory, and with the appellation of ''borgo'', assumed in medieval times by the ancient ''locus Busti''.Around the year 1000, the ''locus Busti'' was a fief of a family of captains from Milan, had a castle, and began to influence the struggles between the people, minor feudal lords, and militia.", "The Milanese chronicler Galvaneo Fiamma stated that among the supporters of Archbishop Ariberto d'Intimiano in the struggles against the minor nobles were the captains of Busto Arsizio, who like all captains were against communal liberties.The autonomy of the contado of Seprio was threatened by the growing power of the commune of Milan.", "This situation favored attempts by Busto Arsizio to evade the count's jurisdiction.", "This was the period just before the formation of the Lombard League, founded in 1167 to counter Frederick I Barbarossa in his attempt to expand imperial influence in the Po region.", "Three years earlier, on June 9, 1164, Frederick I granted Rainald of Dassel, archbishop of Cologne and arch-chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, a fief that included the parish of Dairago (with the ancient commune of Capopieve and large territories in the area), Busto Arsizio, (part of the parish of Olgiate Olona) and Bernate.", "Frederick I was defeated in the Battle of Legnano, fought on May 29, 1176.The early stages of the clash had as its theater the countryside between Busto Arsizio and Borsano, or, according to other sources, the area between Borsano and Legnano.", "Among others, the so-called Company of Death took part in the battle, which included a large number of people from Busto.The 12th century in Busto was characterized by the growth of the borough, which saw the phenomenon, common to much of Italy, of the formation of the social group of the bourgeoisie taking place within it.", "Strengthened by their economic status, the bourgeoisie (merchants, landowners and homeowners) wanted to take an active part in public life.The town was fortified, being provided with defensive walls and a moat.", "The Tenore was diverted and led into the eastern moat (present Manzoni Square), where the castle was located.", "At the height of ''Porta Piscina'', one of the four Busto gates (the others were ''Porta Savico'', ''Porta Basilica'' and ''Porta Sciornago''), a small canal was created, running along the contrada Piscina (present-day Via Matteotti).", "This one with regular flow went to feed a pool in the center of Piazza Santa Maria, called ''Piscina'', which was essential for the population's water supply.", "The ''Piscina'' also had an outfall, which collected the drains from the public market.", "It ran along what is now Bambaia Street (which until the nineteenth century had the name contrada del Riale) and eventually dispersed into some fields southeast of the village, which were thus irrigated.At the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the subsequent one, as stated in the ''Statuti della compartizione delle strade e delle fagie'', the ''locus'' was in charge of 1526 ''braccia'' on the Rho road, one of the six roads that led to the six main gates of Milan and along which the six districts (called \"''fagge''\") had been aggregated.", "In 1212, the consuls of the ''fagge'' were created, and Busto Arsizio was assigned to the I Consulate of Porta Ticinese and Vercellina, which included the Upper Milanese territory between the Ticino and Olona rivers.At the beginning of the 13th century, the first parish portion of the town was created in San Giovanni.", "From the first half of the century is the news of a monastic community of Humiliati Sisters located in the ''Contrada Basilica'', while the town developed economically due to the textile production of fustian and bombazine.", "To this house, another one was added in 1278, located in Contrada Platea.Bishop Ottone Visconti, under whom Busto Arsizio was elevated to the rank of ''borgo'' in 1287In 1287, after yet another reconquest, the archbishop of Milan Ottone Visconti ordered the destruction of Castel Seprio, and Busto Arsizio thus rose to ''borgo'' status, an appellation for towns with a market and fortification.The favor of the Viscontis, who had become imperial vicars, contributed to the improvement of conditions and the vigor of the town with the reconstruction by Alberto Confalonieri of the castle and walls.", "The townspeople built forts, gates and drawbridges.", "Given the generosity and religiosity of the people of Busto Arsizio, part of the growing wealth of the town was consecrated through benefices to the churches of St. John the Baptist, St. Michael the Archangel and St. Mary of Piazza.In the 14th century, several confraternities and consortiums were active in the town that provided assistance to the sick, including the School of the Poor.In 1343 San Michele was also endowed with a parish priest, for the care of the souls of the districts of Pessina and Sciornago (the latter half with San Giovanni, given the topography of the place).", "San Michele became an independent parish.", "From the middle of the century comes news of the creation of a second parish portion in San Giovanni.In 1375 \"almost in every house one hears a loom,\" as witnessed a few centuries later by historian Pietro Antonio Crespi Castoldi in his history of Busto Arsizio (''De Oppido Busti Relationes'').In 1402 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, who, in 1395, had been elevated to the rank of duke of Milan, died.", "The title and lordship over the vast Visconti estates passed to his eldest son Giovanni Maria Visconti, who was 13 years old, which is why the state was ruled by his widow Duchess Caterina.", "At that time the town, which was divided into the four ''contrade'' (Pessina, Sciornago, Basilica, and Savico), was subjected to serious threats by Facino Cane, who wanted to sack it.", "The inhabitants, on the afternoon of April 4, 1408 were summoned by the ringing of bells and rushed to the walls with the will to repel the aggressor.", "After closing the four gates of the village, a second rampart was built.", "A messenger, who asked to speak to the commander of the castle, was put to flight by a volley of arrows from the besieged.", "After other stratagems went awry, Facino Cane moved away from Busto Arsizio, thinking that it was better to direct his assaults to less fierce populations.", "The villagers attributed the victory to the intervention of the Holy Magi, to whom they dedicated the northern gate of Busto Arsizio.In 1427, Giuliana Puricelli, declared blessed by Pope Benedict XIV and also remembered in a sonnet by Giuseppe Parini, was born in Busto territory, that is, at Cascina Verghera, later Cascina dei Poveri.The creation of the third parish portion of San Giovanni is dated 1434.Six years later, in 1440, the first tribunal was established, granting the town's first ''podestà'' ''in loco'' the power to \"settle any civil and criminal question or dispute, sum or value, and to adjudicate and apply pecuniary and corporal punishment up to and including extreme torture.", "\"The remains of the pre-1500 fortifications of Busto Arsizio, discovered in 2019 near the Ottolini-Tovaglieri villaAfter the tumultuous interlude, between 1447 and 1450, of the Ambrosian Republic, Busto Arsizio bargained for passage under Francesco Sforza by procuring the favors of the same duke, who confirmed to the townspeople the privilege of the ''podestà in loco'' and opposed the request made by the people of Gallarate who demanded that Busto Arsizio return under their vicariate.", "The town thus went through a period of intense splendor even under Sforza rule, especially from an artistic and cultural point of view, despite the wars, devastation, looting, famine and plagues that accompanied Lombardy during the 16th century.", "As for the plague, there were other epidemics in 1451 and 1468.In addition, according to Crespi Castoldi, 1100 people died in Busto Arsizio between 1484 and 1485.In 1488 Ludovico Sforza, seeing the importance that the village of Busto Arsizio had gained, elevated it to the rank of County, politically and legally subordinating Legnano to Busto and establishing the court in the village of Busto.", "Practically, Busto Arsizio became the capital of the area.", "A humanistic cultural environment was thus formed towards the end of the century, following the example of the Sforza court in Milan.", "In Busto Arsizio, the Middle Ages ended four years early." ], [ "16th century", "Archbishop St. Charles Borromeo.", "In 1583 he ordered the transport of the parish seat from Olgiate Olona to Busto Arsizio, following his pastoral visit.In the 16th century, Busto Arsizio was renowned for the production of fustian, but the main occupation of the inhabitants remained agriculture; crops were mainly grain and wine.In 1511, the Austrians of the Holy League defeated the French there.In 1512 the second parish portion of San Michele, the fifth in the village, was created.", "The first parish priest was Crespolo Crespi.In 1524 a major plague epidemic took place in the territory, causing the death of 5,000 inhabitants of the town.", "In 1535 Francesco II Sforza died leaving no descendants, and the lineage died out.", "Thus ended the period of local rule and began the one of subjugation to the foreigner.", "In 1540, under Spanish rule, which had already begun under the last Sforza, there was a new plague epidemic, which caused severe damage to the population.In the course of the century, the School of the Poor, which was responsible for caring for the sick, absorbed the other associations and confraternities in the sector; on September 22, 1566, by Papal Bull, the Cascina dei Poveri, belonging to the School, was made autonomous.After the death, in Lyon, of Count Luigi Visconti of Busto Arsizio without leaving male heirs, the County of Busto Arsizio returned to the Milanese ducal Chamber and was claimed in 1568 by Pietro Antonio Marliani.", "In 1569 a direct reconnaissance of the territory was carried out to estimate the assets of the town, upon inspection of which it was learned that it was surrounded by a moat and a rampart of land and that it had about 3500 inhabitants.", "In 1573, when Gabriele de' Turati was \"consul\" of Busto Arsizio, senator Pietro Antonio Marliani became interested in the town again and beat the offers of competitors at the Royal Chamber.", "Only after the conclusion of several disputes with some nobles who did not want to give allegiance to Marliani was the Royal Senate able to approve the enfeoffment six years after the request, and Paolo Camillo Marliani became the new feudal lord of Busto Arsizio.As for the population, in 1574 a figure of 3007 inhabitants divided into 515 households is given, several of which were patriarchal in structure, a figure that made Busto Arsizio the most populous center in the Upper Milanese area.In 1576, Archbishop Charles Borromeo united the nuns of the old or Santa Maria Maddalena monastery of Busto Arsizio, of Benedictine rule, with the nuns of the new or San Girolamo monastery, of Augustinian rule, founded by Orsina Caniani in the mid-15th century.", "At the time of the union, the archbishop imposed the Benedictine rule on the new monastery.", "The same year is also remembered for the plague of St. Charles, which, however, was less strong in Busto Arsizio than in the Milan area.By decree of Cardinal Charles Borromeo, on April 4, 1583, Busto Arsizio was detached from the Vicariate of Seprio and placed at the head of what until then had been the parish of Olgiate Olona with its own ''podestà''.", "The archbishop, during a pastoral visit, had noted the irremediable decadence of Olgiate Olona, which then numbered about 600 inhabitants, in contrast to the thriving religious and civic life of Busto Arsizio and its more than 3,000 inhabitants.", "The parish of Busto Arsizio included the municipalities of: Cairate, Fagnano Olona, Solbiate Olona, Olgiate Olona, Castellanza, Sacconago and Villa Cortese on the west bank of the Olona and Gorla Maggiore, Gorla Minore, Prospiano, Marnate, Castegnate, Rescalda and Cislago on the east bank.", "In 1594 there were official data on the inhabitants, who numbered around 5400.The average age was just over 26.The prefect of the monastery of Busto Arsizio had the church of Santa Maria Maddalena, erected in the 15th century for the use of the nuns, demolished and, with the help of offerings from the villagers, had another one erected, the foundation stone of which was laid on January 6, 1591." ], [ "17th century", "Giuseppe Garibaldi Square, once the \"meadow of Porta Basilica\"In seventeenth-century Busto Arsizio, the embankment and moat that surrounded the medieval town were now useless and for this reason had been partially leveled or otherwise abandoned.", "There remained the four ancient gates, with their bridges over the moat: the Basilica gate to the east (which gave access to the larger and more populated district), the Pessina (or Piscina) gate to the west, the Savico gate to the north and the Sciornago gate also to the west at the height of the Church of S. Rocco.At the gates, past the moat, large spaces for public use, known as \"meadows,\" opened up.", "The four contrade converged in the square of Santa Maria, with the porticoes of the weekly market, called ''platea magna''.", "In 1602 there were 2945 inhabitants living in Busto Arsizio, divided into 585 households.The abandonment of the moat was also due to the significant reduction in the water flow of the Tenore stream, which was now full of water only during periods of heavy rainfall.", "The decrease in the Tenore's water flow was caused by climate change.", "At the end of the 1500s, the so-called \"Little Ice Age\" began, which saw a decrease in temperature resulting in more ice on the mountains and less water on the plains.", "The meager flows of the Tenore were thus swallowed up by the permeable pebbly soils of the moors north of the town.", "In Busto, the almost always dry riverbed of the Tenore became the Via dei sassi (present-day Via Galvani and Via Bellini).Church of Our Lady in VeroncoraDuring the seventeenth century, interventions were implemented in almost all existing places of worship in Busto Arsizio: the reconstructions of the churches of St. John the Baptist (1609-1635) and St. Michael the Archangel (1652-1679), the construction of the church of Our Lady in Veroncora (before 1630), the church of St. Gregory in Camposanto (1657-1659), the oratory of the Cascina dei Poveri (1665-1668), the mortuary near San Giovanni (1689-1692), the bell towers of Santa Croce and Santa Maria Maddalena (1603), later both destroyed, the enlargement of Madonna in Prato (c. 1605) and Sant'Antonio (1670), and the restorations in the early church of San Rocco (1603-1614).Around 1625 the so-called Codex of Busto, an evangeliary dating back to the ninth century and thus constituting the oldest complete document on the Ambrosian liturgy, passed from the rectory of Olgiate Olona to the one in Busto Arsizio and later to the Chapter Library of St. John the Baptist.As for the administration of the county of Busto Arsizio, in 1613 Count Paolo Camillo abdicated in favor of his eldest son Luigi Marliani.", "In 1630 Luigi died of the plague in Milan and was succeeded by his grandson Carlo Marliani, only twenty-four years old, who held the office until 1653.Although no church in Busto Arsizio at the time could boast the title of provostal seat, the town could boast as many as five parish priests.", "Each constituted the spiritual leader of a hamlet of Busto Arsizio and held a specific prebend.", "Three of them resided at the church of St. John the Baptist and two others were resident at the church of St. Michael the Archangel.In the first thirty years of the 17th century, a major hydraulic work was built in the village: the Tenore cover.", "By 1631, as a result of the reduction in the stream's water flow due to the minor glaciation, the Pool of St. Mary's Square had turned into a foul-smelling pond, and consequently it was decided to bury it.Depiction of Our Lady of Help=== The plague of 1630 ===In 1621 a new plague epidemic raged over the territory.", "In addition, Busto Arsizio suffered severe damage in 1629 due to raids by German and Polish mercenary soldiers.", "In February of the following year yet another tremendous plague epidemic was unleashed on the village.", "During that same year 1,000 of the 3,000 inhabitants were killed and another 500 died the following year from the contagion.", "The event was recounted by Canon Giovanni Battista Lupi in a manuscript now in Copenhagen, and immortalized in two canvases preserved in the Museum of Sacred Art of St. Michael the Archangel.", "The districts pertaining to San Michele Arcangelo, Pessina and Sciornago, had a lower number of victims.When the epidemic ceased in 1631, the survivors expressed their joy with solemn processions.", "On that occasion, the miraculous simulacrum of Our Lady of Santa Maria di Piazza was brought, to whose help is attributed the grace of the cessation of the scourge.", "The Virgin is called for this reason Our Lady of Help.", "After that experience, the villagers felt the need to have a permanent, communal health service.", "This desire was expressed in the wills written in the testaments of the most generous of the villagers, who left their property for this purpose to a lay association called the School of the Poor of Christ.", "To this day, the symbol of the Busto Arsizio Hospital Company is Our Lady of Help venerated by the citizens of Busto Arsizio.=== Second half of the 17th century ===Beginning in 1657 there was a shift from the division of the village into the four ''contrade'' to the administrative subdivision into the five ''comunetti'', named after some local families.", "The Arconati commune was the first to be formed, followed by Mizzaferro in 1664.The following year the Pasquali and Visconti communes were formed (united since 1683 with the new commune of Pozzo, with the name \"Pozzo e Visconti\").", "Lastly, the Dominante commune was created.The formalistic Spanish rule left the people of Busto in a deep crisis that exhausted the productive structures of the urban centers.", "It also created intricate institutional confusion and great administrative disorder.", "The whole economy, with industry and handicrafts ''in primis'', entered a stagnant phase." ], [ "18th century", "Tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis'' (14th century)Maria Theresa of AustriaIn 1706, during the War of the Spanish Succession, the territory was occupied by the Austrians with their ruler Joseph I.", "At the beginning of the 18th century, the town had a population of about 6,000 inhabitants.", "The Austrian period (1714-1796) brought slow and lasting changes to society.", "The religious fervor renewed in the eighteenth century stimulated a relevant artistic production: Busto Arsizio was enriched with religious buildings such as the Madonna delle Grazie (today Sant'Anna), the Madonna in Prato (which was enlarged and completely decorated with frescoes) and the Mortori in the churches of San Michele Arcangelo and San Giovanni Battista.By 1720 there is mention of the existence of the Ursuline Hospital, a place of shelter for the sick poor.In 1722, surveyor Carlo Giuseppe Ronzio, with the assistance of several experts, began and completed the surveys of the village, later collected in the Teresian Cadastre.", "The clergy amounted to 88, out of a population divided into about 500 families.", "In addition, out of a total of 27,625 ''pertiche'', nearly 10,000 (calculating personal charges in the head of individual clergymen) were in the name of benefices, canonries, chaplaincies and others.As late as 1751 Busto Arsizio was still divided into five communes.", "During Austrian rule, the power of the feudal lords was radically curtailed.", "On June 23, 1757, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria issued a regulation on the administration of the community of Busto Arsizio which established a council representing the entire municipality.", "All previous divisions, i.e., the \"''comunetti''\" formed during the previous century and named Arconati, Mizzaferro, Pasquali, Pozzo and Visconti, were therefore suppressed, and any future divisions forbidden.", "In the recomposed village there was a revival of agriculture, the value of which was increased through manufacturing, which, through the processing of agricultural products, created added value.", "Linked to agriculture was the development of textile industries, especially the manufacture of silk, linen, wool and fibers, some of which were produced locally.In 1753, Cardinal Giuseppe Pozzobonelli arrived at the Pieve di Busto during a detailed pastoral visit of the entire Ambrosian diocese that had begun in 1744 and was completed in 1764.After meeting with the local clergy and drawing up the registers, he solemnly consecrated the high altars of the two main churches in the village.", "Meanwhile, the population of the municipality of Busto Arsizio had risen to 5487 (1770).In 1778 the family of Count Marliani became extinct, and in 1779 the fief of Busto Arsizio passed to Count Giuseppe Gambarana, eldest son of the last Marliani and Gerolamo.", "The Gambarana family was well regarded at the court of Vienna.", "On September 26, 1786, the municipality was included in the province of Gallarate, with the other localities of the Milanese parishes, following the subdivision of the Lombard territory into eight provinces.", "From the end of 1787 the seat of the political intendancy was moved from Gallarate to Varese.", "By 1791 the municipalities of the parish of Gallarate were included in district XXXIII of the province of Milan.During the reign of Joseph II, son of Maria Theresa, there was resistance from the population of Busto Arsizio to radical reforms, especially in the face of laws that suppressed religious congregations with devotional and contemplative purposes.This opposition between society and the government became more pronounced with the passage of time and even reached the characteristics of outright revolt, during the period of French rule.", "On January 29, 1797, a part of the population of Busto Arsizio rebelled against Napoleon's army in order to free some Austrian prisoners, and later in the year there were anti-French demonstrations, in a pro-Austrian vein; new riots also broke out in 1798, in the wake of those that occurred in Luino.The following year, on April 28, 1799, to the cries of the cheering crowd \"Long live religion!", "Long live Francis II who gives it back to us!", "\", the Austrians returned to Milan triumphantly.", "The following year, however, Napoleon regained possession of the city's territories.In 1796, the counts of Busto Arsizio were deprived of their fief following the edict of 22 prairial year IV (June 10, 1796) in which feudal authorities were abolished in the territories occupied by the French.", "In 1799 Busto Arsizio passed to the Cicogna counts, who maintained dominion over the town until 1822." ], [ "19th century", "Gilardoni PalaceThe French period (1796-1814) brought rapid and violent transformations to society, but they did not always last.", "Local industry, which had seen promising development under Austrian rule, was severely hampered by Napoleon Bonaparte's economic policy, which prohibited the import of materials and hindered the export of textiles to favor French trade.In 1806 the continental blockade prevented English ships from entering the peninsula's ports and removed the possibility of importing cotton.Administratively, in 1801 Busto Arsizio became part of the Fourth District of the Department of Olona.", "The capital of the department was Milan, while the district capital was Gallarate.", "Beginning in 1805, Busto was included in the new territorial compartment of Canton I of Gallarate, in the aforementioned district.On December 7, 1813, on news of the possible arrival of German troops, new anti-French riots broke out, probably organized by gangs outside the city; French repression led to the arrest of 9 local men.On April 20, 1814, taking advantage of the chaos resulting from the killing of Minister Prina, carter Andrea Crespi Bosinetti led the revolt of a group of citizens, proclaiming himself King of Busto Arsizio (King \"Bilì\") with the support of the plebs.", "Some stores and stately homes were stormed and conscription lists were set on fire in Piazza Santa Maria, along with other tax documents.", "After three days, an Austrian intervention easily restored order, supported by some local notables, including Giovanni Azimonti Gallora, Carlo Cesare Bossi and Paolo Tosi.In 1814 the Kingdom of Italy finally collapsed, partly as a result of Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig in 1813; in 1815 Busto Arsizio, along with the rest of Lombardy and Veneto, was annexed to Habsburg territory.", "The two territories were united into the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.", "In 1816 the territory subject to the government of Milan was divided into nine provinces.", "The province of Milan was divided into sixteen districts, and Busto Arsizio was named capital of the fifteenth district, which also included Legnano.The hospital project reached a beginning of implementation in 1825 by Canon Giuseppe Candiani.", "The Congregation of Charity (formerly the School of the Poor) commissioned architect Pietro Gilardoni to draw up the plan, and construction was subsequently begun.", "The inauguration of the new hospital at Palazzo Gilardoni took place 28 years later in 1853.The hospital functioned for more than half a century until it proved inadequate at the end of the century.In the period between 1830 and 1850 the population rose from 8,300 to 11,139.This increase was made possible by a noticeable and constant immigration, presumably from nearby areas, of families seeking work.", "During this 20-year period, public petroleum lighting was introduced (1842).It turns out that in 1854 almost half of Lombard textile production was concentrated in the Busto Arsizio area (150,000 pieces out of 338,000) despite the fact that this area had less than one-third of Lombard looms (5,000 out of 16,900).", "These figures highlight the markedly more favorable yield for looms in the Busto Arsizio area.In 1855 the construction of the city jails was completed.Exterior of the Austrian prisons in Busto Arsizio (2016)In the second half of the nineteenth century the development of the town outside the defensive walls began, along the strà Balon (present-day Corso XX Settembre) and the Garottola street (present-day Via Mameli).", "The population continued to grow and reached 15,720 in 1861, the year of the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.", "In that year a series of transformations began that erased the still seventeenth-century appearance of the town and laid the foundation for the current one.", "From December of the previous year, the railway connection with Milan was also activated: the town's first station came into operation and the Sant'Anna kindergarten was founded.Sanctuary of St. MaryFrom the mid-19th century modern industry began to play an increasingly important role, so much so that in a few decades Busto Arsizio became the so-called \"Manchester of Italy\" (in 1862 it already had 51 firms, mostly spinning or weaving mills).", "When the first industry found in the waters of the Olona River a fundamental means for its development, the town, whose fame in the textile field dated back to the Middle Ages, laid the foundations for transforming itself into a city at the forefront of industry, due to the dedication to work rooted in its inhabitants.", "Among others, the following were established: the Ercole Bossi Cotton Mill(1875), the Giovanni Milani & Nipoti Cotton Mill (1880), the Ercole Comerio Mechanics (1885), the Cotonificio Bustese (1887), the Giuseppe Borri Footwear Factory (1892), the Airoldi & Pozzi Weaving Mill (1896), the Lissoni & Castiglioni Weaving Mill, and the Enrico Candiani Cotton Mill.Under the administration of Pasquale Pozzi, the historic city gates were demolished.On October 30, 1864, Busto Arsizio was granted the title of city in the Kingdom of Italy, and, according to the Municipal Order Law of 1865, the municipality had to be administered by a mayor, a junta and a council.", "From that year on, the Civil and Criminal Court of Busto Arsizio was also established (which acquired for a period the competences of the Court of Varese).", "Alongside the city's growth in prestige, there was an increase in population, which allowed the project to be proposed to divide Busto Arsizio into two parishes again.", "The request was sent to the Prefecture of Milan in 1869, which turned it over to the Archiepiscopal Curia.The city's expansion had big effects on the economy as well.", "In 1873, fifteen years after the opening of the Busto branch of the Savings Bank, the Bank of Busto Arsizio was founded.", "Seven years later, in 1880, the Gate of the Three Kings was torn down (the Milan Gate had been demolished in the 1960s).", "In 1882, work begun two years earlier on the Ferrovie Nord railway line was completed and the second Busto Arsizio station came into operation.On September 15, 1880, the Milan-Gallarate interurban tramway line with steam traction was inaugurated.", "The tramway, coming from what was then Porta Tenaglia in Milan (today Porta Volta), entered Busto Arsizio through Stra' Balon, today's Via XX Settembre.", "Beginning in the middle of the street, as it entered the built-up area, it reduced its speed (the maximum allowed by the Province of Milan was 15 km/h) and was accompanied, at a walking pace, by the bugler.", "Once he reached Piazza Garibaldi, he would skirt what was formerly the perimeter of the old village through Piazza Trento e Trieste, Via Mazzini and Piazza Manzoni.", "Once it arrived at the church of Madonna in Prato, the bugler would leave the tramway, which would resume its run with destination to Gallarate through Via Quintino Sella and Viale della Repubblica.", "The line was permanently closed on January 18, 1966 even though the section between Legnano and Gallarate had not operated since 1951.Civic Slaughterhouse designed by Camillo Crespi BalbiThe last 15 years of the 19th century saw the beginning of the activity of Enrico dell'Acqua, an Italian pioneer of cotton exporting to the world, and in particular to Africa, Asia Minor and South America, where the presence of compact and affluent masses of Italians could guarantee the success of the enterprise, which ended in the first decade of the following century.", "Busto Arsizio thus acquired the dual nature of a cotton and mechanical town, a situation that ensured its fortune and prosperity for a long time.In January 1883, the \"Sons of Labor League,\" among the city's first workers' organizations, was founded and fostered the development of the labor movement; linked to the Workers' Party, it was dissolved in 1886.At the turn of the century, the Teatro Sociale, designed by architect Achille Sfondrini (1836-1900, already the author in 1872 of the Carcano in Milan and in 1880 of the Costanzi in Rome), came into operation in 1891.The first performance was Giuseppe Verdi and F.M.", "Fiori's ''La forza del destino'' (Sept. 27).", "Two years later, in 1893, the new Monumental Cemetery was opened, replacing the one in the meadow of San Gregorio, just outside the perimeter of the ancient village.", "From 1894 was the first design of the Civic Slaughterhouse, by Camillo Crespi Balbi.In 1895 the ''Circolo Socialista'' was born, the first nucleus of the Busto section of the Socialist Party; it was dissolved in 1898 after the events in Milan.In 1897 the public aqueduct was inaugurated, consisting of a huge reservoir well hoisted on a 25-meter-high tower, which still overlooks Via Monte Rosa.", "The reservoir operated until 1978.The engineer Eugenio Villoresi, who also designed the famous canal, designed the tower.", "Operating the aqueduct was the ''Società Condotta d'Acqua di Busto Arsizio'', founded in 1896." ], [ "20th and 21st centuries", "Exit of the workers at the intersection of XX September Street and the Mediterranean railway (now Avenue of Glory)The early twentieth century was a period of great turmoil and transformation for the city.", "Technological innovations and new means of transportation prompted many entrepreneurs to reorganize or expand their factories.", "The significant population increase (Busto Arsizio in 1901 had more than 24,000 inhabitants and had grown roughly 40 percent in just twenty years) made the city's urban planning precarious, and for this reason several projects for a Master Plan were drafted.", "In addition, new industries were added to those founded in the previous century: the Venzaghi Cotton Mill (1906), the Molini Marzoli Massari (1906), the Luigi Grampa e Figli mechanics (1913), and the Benigno Crespi Cotton Mill (1914).", "The residences of Busto entrepreneurs, symbols of the city's economic power, were built in the vicinity of industrial warehouses, giving rise to blocks with a mixture of manufacturing and residential use.The weight of the working-class component also grew, which favored the election of the first radical mayor in 1905 (Giuseppe Rossi) and, later, the first socialist mayor in 1914 (Carlo Azimonti).During these years of city expansion and population growth, hopes were rekindled to divide the territory into two parishes again.", "Initially, there was a desire to proceed with a subdivision through the north-south route that passes through Piazza Santa Maria, obtaining two areas almost homogeneous in size and number of inhabitants.", "In July 1901, Cardinal Andrea Carlo Ferrari arrived in Busto Arsizio on a pastoral visit that had not taken place in the parish since 1753, but he did not comment on the issue.", "Finally, in 1906, three years after the inauguration of the first district school that had been built right near the church, the second benefice of St. Michael was erected as a parish.The history of the first Busto colonies also has its roots in the early twentieth century, or even in the last years of the nineteenth century.", "At first the colonies of Loano and Varallo Sesia were established.", "Later those in Ceresole and San Fedele d'Intelvi were opened.Ottolini-Tosi VillaAs far as Busto architecture is concerned, the first Art Nouveau villas began to appear in the early years of the new century, the main features of which are the break with the rigid symmetry of the past and the use of geometric or floral ornamentation as an expression of compositional freedom.", "The first Busto glimpses of the new style are encountered in Alessandro Mazzucotelli's wrought irons in the Ottolini-Tosi (1902) and Ottolini-Tovaglieri (1903) villas.", "Later, Silvio Gambini designed several Art Nouveau buildings, such as the Molini Marzoli Massari (1906) and the sumptuous Villa Leone (1910).In 1915, the year Italy entered the war, the ''Società Anonima Ferrovie Meridionali Sarde'' was founded in Busto Arsizio with the aim of building a narrow-gauge (950 millimeter) railroad in southwestern Sardinia, according to a project approved by the government and dating from 1911.On May 1 of the same year, the new hospital was inaugurated.The early postwar period coincided with a difficult time for industry.", "The railroad, from an incentive factor, became an obstacle to the city's expansion.", "For this reason it was moved in 1924 to its present site, east of the town center.", "In place of the old track, which almost bordered the boundary of the old town from which only the old City Hospital divided it, emerged the avenues A. Diaz, Duca d'Aosta, L. Cadorna and G. Borri.", "The industrial census of 1927 highlighted the return to a favorable situation for industry.", "Other important factories were established in the 1920s and 1930s, such as Mario Crosta Mechanics (1925) or Fonderia Tovaglieri (1938).Moreover, after the conflict, the fascist movement also grew in Busto, and in August 1922 the municipality was occupied by the Blackshirts, who ousted the socialist administration.", "In the 1923 elections, also abetted by the abstention of the oppositions, the clear victory of the National Blocs led to the election of Ottorino Maderna, who would later become the first ''podestà''.Benito Mussolini inaugurates the new railway station (Oct. 25, 1924)In 1922 the town hall was moved from the now unsuitable Palazzo Cicogna to Palazzo Gilardoni, a former hospital, which had been purchased by the municipality in 1914.In 1927 the Carlo Speroni Stadium, in which Pro Patria still plays today, was inaugurated.", "In that same year, Busto Arsizio passed from the Province of Milan to the Province of Varese; the city, despite being the largest in the new province, was not chosen as the capital.", "According to a town legend, one factor contributing to the decision was the behavior of the Busto Arsizio residents during a visit by Benito Mussolini to the city, on which occasion the Duce was ignored by the majority of the citizens.", "On April 6 of the same year, general elections took place, which were held under the control of the Fascists.", "Despite the incitement to duty, only 73 percent of eligible voters voted, and the success of the right-wing list was less extensive than expected and well below the national percentage of 64 percent.", "From April 21 (and until 1945) the democratic organs of Busto Arsizio, like those of all Italian municipalities, were suppressed and all functions previously performed by the mayor, the council and the city council were transferred to a ''podestà'', appointed by Royal Decree.In 1928 the municipalities of Borsano and Sacconago were aggregated to Busto Arsizio, which at the 1931 census had 2,413 and 4,435 inhabitants, respectively, out of the city's total of 39,841, confirming it as the most populous city in the province.Also in 1928, the Milk Plant was built, one of the public works constructed outside the historic center at that time.", "The others are the Colonia elioterapica (of 1929), the Pontida schools (of 1933), the covered market (of 1935) and the municipal swimming pool (of 1938).During the 20-year period, two priests were among the promoters of the city's development: don Paolo Cairoli for the Santi Apostoli neighborhood (still popularly referred to as the \"don Paolo\" neighborhood) and don Ambrogio Gianotti for the Sant'Edoardo neighborhood.Busto Arsizio took an active part in the armed resistance struggle in the mountains and in the clandestine support work that took place in the city.", "Workers organized several strikes as early as the spring of 1943.A number of partisan brigades were formed: the Raimondi, the 102nd Garibaldi Brigade and the Lupi, which acted in Sacconago.", "The city's priests also participated silently in the Resistance.Although Busto Arsizio, unlike the neighboring areas and Milan, was spared from bombing from the fall of 1944 because it was the headquarters of the so-called Chrysler mission that maintained contact between partisans and the Allies, the city suffered three fighter-bomber raids that occurred in the summer of 1944.The final insurrection order left on the morning of April 25, 1945, from St. Edward's Church, in which a partisan nucleus had been established.", "In the evening, after the fascists and the Germans had accepted the surrender, Radio Busto Libera was the first radio station in northern Italy to announce the liberation from the Nazi-fascists throughout northern Italy.", "Busto Arsizio is among the decorated cities and was awarded the Bronze Medal of Military Valor for merits acquired during the partisan struggle during World War II.Memorial stone to the citizens of Busto Arsizio located at Malpensa Airport (formerly City of Busto Arsizio Airport)Meanwhile, little by little, all the new parishes were created and added to the four historic ones.", "The first was St.", "Apostles in Genoa Street (1930).", "Then St. Edward's (1947), St. Louis in the Beata Giuliana ward (1958), St. Anne's in the village of the same name (1961) and St. Mary Regina (1964) were created.", "Redeemer Parish was established in 1973, followed ten years later by Sacred Heart Parish (1983), known as Friars' Parish.", "The last two parishes created were St. Joseph's (1990) and St. Cross of Brughetto (1991).After World War II, development resumed and numerous initiatives were financially supported by the people of Busto and Brughetto.", "One of the most important was the construction of the Malpensa intercontinental airport, formerly ''Aeroporto Città di Busto Arsizio''.", "On May 22, 1948, SEA was founded in the city under the name Busto Arsizio Airport Company.", "Giovanni Rossini, an entrepreneur and mayor of Busto Arsizio, was elected chairman of the board of directors.", "In a few months the buildings and facilities were upgraded, and on November 21 of that same year, in the presence of Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster, ministers and undersecretaries, the new Malpensa airport began operations with the landing of a four-engine plane.A second important initiative was promoted in 1951 by banker Benigno Airoldi, industrialists Antonio Tognella, Carlo Schapira, and Enrico Candiani, mayor Giovanni Rossini, and parliamentarians Facchinetti, Morelli, and Tosi, who created the International Textile Exhibition, which was demolished in 2009.The design of the building was entrusted to Enrico Castiglioni, Luigi Crespi, Carlo Fontana, and Eugenio Prandina.", "The area chosen is on the territory of Castellanza, but the project was developed by a consortium in which Busto Arsizio had a dominant part.One of the crime stories that had the greatest impact in those years was the death of Brigadier Francesco Nannetti, who, called to intervene at the scene of a multiple murder in the central Via Cavour, demonstrating a disregard for danger, confronted the murderer, was shot in various parts of his body and died that same day.Garibaldi Square in the early 1950sThose years saw a new period of population growth.", "The number of inhabitants, which numbered 49 200 in 1949, rose to 55 930 in 1955 and 78 601 in 1971, partly due to strong immigration, which was very pronounced especially in the years between 1960 and 1964, when the migratory balance exceeded 1 500 inhabitants each year.", "Precisely in anticipation of this population growth, the Municipal Administration decided to build the \"Sant'Anna Village,\" which was built between 1958 and 1960 by a group of architects coordinated by Enrico Castiglioni.", "At the same time, in the 1950s and 1960s, the \"Giuliani e Dalmati\" neighborhood was built near Borsano, so named because it was intended for the city's reception of the many Italians exiled from the lands of Istria, Venezia Giulia and Dalmatia after World War II.In 1970, the municipalities of Busto Arsizio, Gallarate, Legnano, Nerviano and Samarate founded ACCAM (''Associazione Consortile dei Comuni dell'Alto Milanese'') to design, organize and manufacture waste disposal plants.", "The company is based in Busto Arsizio.", "The plant's two lines, opened on August 21, 2000, dispose of one hundred and ten thousand tons of waste per year (400 tons per day).In 1984 the old and now dilapidated prison (located in the center of town) was closed and replaced by a new, more modern facility.Busto Arsizio Nord railway stationDuring the 1980s, another priest figure was intrinsically linked to the city of Busto Arsizio and its people: the one of \"a martyr of charity and love,\" Don Isidoro.", "A former teacher at the Liceo Classico Daniele Crespi and director of the Altomilanese edition of the weekly newspaper \"Luce,\" he was among the founders of the \"Marco Riva\" association in Busto Arsizio, which began as a listening center and became, in 1987, a community for drug addicts.", "In 1990 he was appointed coadjutor of the newly formed parish of St. Joseph, and would have succeeded parish priest Fr.", "Giuseppe Ravazzani if his short yet very intense earthly life had not been cut short prematurely.", "On February 14, 1991, he was stabbed and killed by Maurizio Debiaggi, a young drug addict with serious mental problems who was being treated at the \"Marco Riva\" center.", "At his funeral, the then cardinal of the Milan diocese Carlo Maria Martini remembered him by comparing him to a saint.", "Every year, on Valentine's Day, a concert is held in his memory in the city.In the late 1980s, the city administration decided to bury the Ferrovie Nord Milano line that cut the city in two and contributed to the expenses with an outlay of 22 billion lire (about 15 million euros), out of a total cost of about 80 billion (about 40 million euros).", "The old station, located at the end of Ugo Foscolo Street, was razed to make way for parking lots and a new one was built.", "The two level crossings at Via Magenta and Via Milazzo, on the two main arteries connecting the center of Busto Arsizio with the neighborhoods of Sant'Edoardo, Sacconago and Borsano, were abolished.", "In June 1996 rail service resumed on the route between Milan and Novara.", "With the burying of the line, the junction between the FS station in Busto and the FNME station in Busto (called junction X) became unusable.", "Work on its restoration was completed in 2009.Museum of Textiles and Industry of Busto ArsizioIn 1992, the Hupac Terminal in Busto Arsizio was built for intermodal rail-road transport.", "In that year, the Swiss company Hupac introduced the first shuttle trains between that terminal of the one in Cologne, Germany.", "The Busto Arsizio terminal, expanded in 2005, is one of the largest European terminals of its kind and the largest transshipment yard for combined traffic on the north-south European route through Switzerland.In 1997, upon completion of the renovation of the front parallelepiped of the former Bustese Spinning Mill building, the Museum of Textiles and Industry of Busto Arsizio was set up in which old looms and other machinery are collected.The new Busto Arsizio-Castellanza railway station is nearing completion, located at the overlay of the State Railways tracks over those of the Northern Railways.", "Also under construction is a connecting siding between the Busto Arsizio RFI station and the new Busto Arsizio-Castellanza FNME station, known as the Z siding.", "The Y siding, which will connect Busto Arsizio Nord station with RFI's Legnano station, is also planned.Busto's industry has become very diversified, partly because of the crisis in the textile sector.", "The city has been able to cope with the decline of textiles in two ways: by boosting other fields in the secondary sector (mechanical engineering, plastics processing, and construction) and by steadily developing the commercial and tertiary sector." ], [ "See also", "* Busto Arsizio* Alto Milanese" ], [ "References" ], [ "Bibliography", "* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mughal–Kashmir Wars" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Mughal–Kashmir Wars''' were a series of battles fought between the Kashmir Sultanate and the Mughal Empire, which started with Babur's invasion in 1527.Further invasions were carried out during the reigns of Humayun and Akbar and were received with massive resistance by the Kashmiri Sultans." ], [ "Early invasions", "In 1526, Babur secured the throne of Delhi at the Battle of Panipat.", "His expansionist ideologies made him subdue the Rajputs at Khanwa, and soon after, he had his eyes on Kashmir.", "Kashmir, at that time, was just out of a power struggle between Muhammad Shah and Fateh Shah.", "Babur, seeing an opportunity despatched Kuchak Beg and Shaikh Ali Beg in 1527 to help Fateh Shah's son Sikandar secure the throne and establish his dominance over the region.", "Before Sultan Muhammad could give any orders, Kaji Chak, who was in unfavourable terms with the Sultan, gathered the Chak warlords, including Taji Chak, Hussain Chak and his son Ghazi Chak.", "The Mughals faced the Chaks at Naushahra and, despite early success, were defeated and forced to retreat back to India.", "Sikandar was thus captured and was handed over to the royal authority.", "Sultan Muhammad paid his gratitude and insisted Kaji forget the past.", "Kaji agreed to some conditions and was made his Wazir.Soon after these events, Muhammad Shah was deposed by Kaji in favour of his son Ibrahim Shah, who was rather a Sultan in name as the real power was wielded by Kaji himself.", "Many chiefs and nobles who were either imprisoned or exiled escaped and went to the court of Babur to seek help against Kaji.", "Babur, in the spring of 1528, sent an army under Shaikh Ali Baig and Muhammad Khan to assist the Kashmiri chiefs.", "Numerous skirmishes were carried out by both parties, but in 1529, Kaji, along with Sultan Ibrahim, met the Mughal forces in Tapar and, after a great deal of fight, were defeated.", "Kaji Chak and Daulat Chak managed to escape while Ibrahim Baihaqi and Ghazi Chak were captured and imprisoned.", "Sultan Ibrahim was dethroned, and another of Fateh Shah's son Nazuk Shah was enthroned.", "Mughal forces were called back as Kashmir acknowledged Mughal suzerainty." ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Alvaro Pintado" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Álvaro Pintado Santaularia''' also known as Alvaro Pintado is a technology entrepreneur known as the founder and CEO of hello.pp, a decentralized storage network, who is betting on the future of blockchain and AI and also the author of ''El Sistema Financiero Descentralizado'' a book about DEFI and how the modern decentralized financial system could replace the traditional one." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "John Tibai" ], [ "Introduction", "'''John Tibai''' (also '''Nagymihályi''', ; died 25 September 1396) was a Hungarian nobleman and knight in the 14th century, who served as ''ispán'' of Ung County from 1387 until his death.", "His military services allowed him to rise in society, becoming the most illustrious member of his family." ], [ "Family", "John was born into the Tibai noble family, which originated from the Nagymihály branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Kaplon.", "He was the eldest son of George Tibai, the vice-''ispán'' of Ung County from 1362 to 1370, and Margaret Csapi.", "John had three brothers (Peter, Jakó, Ladislaus) and three sisters (Catherine, Clara, Anne).", "John married Apollonia from an unidentified family.", "They had no children." ], [ "Career", "The name of John first appears in contemporary records in 1347, when possessed portions in Reviscse (today Blatné Revištia, Slovakia), and was involved in a lawsuit with some members of his wider kinship.", "In the subsequent decades, his father George had many legal conflicts with his cousin, John (II) Nagymihályi (also Gézsényi), the son of Jakó (IV).", "Along with his siblings, John is sometimes mentioned during this processes, for instance, in 1362 and 1364 (when he possessed a portion in Perecse).", "John participated in the Bulgarian campaign of King Louis I of Hungary in 1368.Upon his request, the monarch forbade his relative James (II), who also stayed in the royal camp, to sell his portion in Gelénes in Szatmár County.George Tibai died sometime between January and March 1370.He was succeeded as vice-''ispán'' of Ung County by his son John immediately.", "He also inherited his father's seal.", "John is mentioned in this capacity throughout from 1370 to 1377.He judged over the lawsuit between Paul Csicseri and the provostry of Lelesz (Leles, Slovakia), when he first appears as vice-''ispán'' in March 1370.Similarly to his father, John was a ''familiaris'' of the Lackfi family.", "Together with his uncle Ladislaus, he acquired the estate Koromlya (Koromľa, Slovakia) in 1370.He took part in the assembly of Ung County in August 1370, summoned by Palatine Vladislaus II of Opole.", "John's seal is preserved by the latter's charter: it depicts an open gate with decorative carving, and on it two magpies with characteristic long tails.", "Throughout the 1370s, John Tibai was involved in a lawsuit with the Leszteméri family.", "Upon his request, King Louis I confirmed the family's right of ownership over the estates Sztára (today Staré) and Perecse (today a borough of Michalovce, Slovakia) in 1371, transcribing the 1273 royal charter of Ladislaus IV.", "Alongside his siblings, John protested against the prefection of their cousin Magdalene, the daughter of Nicholas Lucskai in 1372 and 1373, refusing to secure her inheritance.John, plausibly due to the intervention of the Lackfis, entered the service of Queen Elizabeth of Bosnia by 1379, when escorted her to Prague in order to confirm the marriage proposal of Mary and Sigismund.", "John borrowed 12 golden florins for the diplomatic mission.", "John was a strong supporter of queens Elizabeth and Mary after 1382.As a ''familiaris'' of George Jakcs, he served as castellan of the queenly castle of Munkács (present-day Mukachevo, Ukraine) in 1387.Following the political crisis, he swore loyalty to Sigismund.", "John was installed as ''ispán'' of Ung County in 1387, holding the office until his death.", "His deputy was Michael Vajkóci during the entire period.", "He was referred to as knight of the queen's court from 1389 to 1395, until Mary's death.", "He took part in the fights against the rebellious Horvat family and John of Palisna in Slavonia in the spring of 1389.Thereafter, he participated in a military campaign against Moravian Serbia.", "He was present at the siege of Borač Fortress.", "For his service, he was granted Kovászó and Vári in Bereg County (present-day Kvasovo and Vary in Ukraine, respectively) jointly by Sigismund and Mary in 1390.Around the same time, he also acquired Jenke and Bethlen (today Jenkovce in Slovakia and Beclean in Romania, respectively), but local landowners objected the royal donation referring to their privileges.", "Meanwhile, John had a long-lasting conflict with his uncle Nicholas Lucskai over the port duties at Lucska (today Lúčky, Slovakia).", "John acquired significant portions in Lucska and the surrounding lands (altogether 21 estates) as a royal donation around the same period.", "Sigismund also donated him the landholdings of Nicholas Szeretvai – portions in Pályin, Pinkóc and Szeretva (present-day Palín, Pinkovce and Stretava in Slovakia, respectively) – who was declared disloyal.", "Later, he exchanged these estates for Gejőc (Mali Hejivci, Ukraine) with his brother-in-law Peter Ramocsa de Szeretva in 1394.King Sigismund sent John Tibai to the Kingdom of Bosnia as his envoy at the end of 1392 in order to negotiate with King Dabiša of Bosnia, who was willing to leave the allegiance of Ladislaus of Naples, Sigismund's rival as pretender to the Hungarian throne.", "For his diplomatic service, John was granted the estates Bereg and Almás in Bereg County (today Velyki Berehy and Zaluzzsja in Ukraine, respectively) together with the local Vlach and Ruthenian serfs by Queen Mary in the spring of 1393.He also served as ''ispán'' of Bereg County and castellan of Munkács in that year.", "John Tibai took part in Sigismund's campaign against Moldavia in the second half of 1394.He was part of the Crusader army which marched to the Ottoman Empire in 1396.John was killed in the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis on 25 September 1396, together with his relative, Stephen (II) Nagymihályi.", "Leaving no male heirs, his wealth was mostly inherited by his only suriviving brother, the cleric Peter, but many royal donations did also escheat to the Crown." ], [ "References" ], [ "Sources", "* * * * *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Capture of Ramla (970)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Capture of Ramla''' was one of the last battles in the Fatimid conquest of Egypt that occurred in 970." ], [ "Battle", "In less than a year after seizing Fustat, the Fatimids shifted their focus to Palestine.", "Led by Jaafar Ibn Fallah, a Kutama Army entered the region, seizing Ramla and capturing Al Hasan ibn Ubayda commander of the Ikhshidid forces.", "Despite some governors in Ramla like Abu Ghazwan, who was chief of the Qarantis, had already submitted to the Fatimids, Jaafar ensured their allegiance, sending them to Jawhar, who then forwarded them to the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz." ], [ "Aftermath", "Afterward, Jaafar advanced into Syria, engaging in a prolonged siege of Damascus where the Governor eventually surrendered.", "This event marked a significant blow to the Ikhshidids, signaling their inevitable downfall." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Jasmin Milić" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Jasmin Milić''' (born 28 December 1969) is a Croatian Anglican bishop and theologian.", "Since 2013, he has been the first assistant bishop of the Protestant Reformed Christian Church in Croatia (PRKC), an overseas diocese of the Reformed Episcopal Church with congregations in Croatia and Serbia." ], [ "Biography", "Milić was born on 28 December 1969 in Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the time in Yugoslavia.", "He studied theology at the Evangelical Theological Seminary in Osijek, Croatia; the Evangelical Bible Institute in Vienna; and the Protestant Theological Faculty in Novi Sad, Serbia, where he completed his Ph.D. in 2005 on the subject of Croatian Calvinism.", "He worked as a religious education teacher in public schools for more than 20 years and hosted a Christian radio program in Croatia called ''Sources of Faith''.", "Milić also taught at the seminary in Osijek, where he was dean of external studies, and at the Novi Sad faculty, where he was academic dean.Milić was ordained as a pastor in the Reformed Christian Church in Croatia in 1995 and became a senior pastor of the Reformed church in Tordinci in 1999.In 2001, he joined other pastors and congregations in withdrawing from the church and forming the Protestant Reformed Christian Church in Croatia.", "Milić served as superintendent of the church.", "In 2010, he began the process of affiliating with the Reformed Episcopal Church, which was completed in 2011 when the PRKC was received as a deanery of the Reformed Episcopal Church in Germany.The PRKC synod elected Milić as its local bishop, and he was consecrated at Tordinci by the Rt.", "Rev.", "Royal U. Grote Jr. on 3 May 2013.Milić continues to serve as assistant bishop under the presiding bishop of the REC, who is the ordinary of the PRKC ex officio.In addition to his episcopal ministry, Milić is rector of the PRKC congregations in Tordinci and Osijek.", "He founded the Mihael Starin Protestant Theological School in Osijek.", "In 2017, to mark the 500th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, he opened the Reformation Heritage Center in Osijek." ], [ "Personal life", "Milić is married to Tamara, and they have two children." ], [ "Works", "===Books===*********===Articles and chapters===*******" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " PRKC profile" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Whale (novel)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Whale''''' () is a 2004 novel by South Korean author Cheon Myeong-kwan.", "In 2023, the English translation by Chi-young Kim was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.", "It has been classified as part of the East Asian magical realism movement by multiple reviewers and compared it to the works of Charles Dickens." ], [ "Plot", "''Whale'' tells the story of three characters: Geumbok, a woman seeking to relive the thrill of seeing a whale crest in the ocean; Chunhui, Geumbok's daughter who has the ability to communicate with elephants; and a one-eyed woman who controls bees by whistling.", "The novel follows Geumbok as she starts various businesses and attempts to build a cinema." ], [ "Reception", "Christian House called the novel a \"distinctly Korean take on Great Expectations\" in a review for the ''Financial Times''.", "House further identified the \"sins of mothers\" and Geumbok's unwillingness to live a mundane life as themes of the \"Korean contemporary classic\".The judges for the International Booker Prize said \"''Whale'' is a rollercoaster adventure through Korean history and culture, a magical and grotesque epic about life and death, liberty and self-fulfilment sic, dried fish and bricks.\"" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story''''' is an interactive documentary and compilation video game developed by Digital Eclipse.", "The release chronicles the software of British developer Jeff Minter and over 40 of his programs developed between 1981 and 1994.It is the second release in Digital Eclipse's ''Gold Master Series'' that began with ''The Making of Karateka'' (2023), which chronicled the history of the game ''Karateka'' (1984).Like Digital Eclipse's ''Atari 50'' (2022) and ''The Making of Karateka'', features an interactive timeline that allows users to play the game as well view text, documentary footage, and photography involving the games.", "Some games, such as ''3D 3D'' have updated control schemes and can be played in their original form or with enhancements such as modern control schemes and updated frame rates.It is set for release in 2024 for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X׀S, Nintendo Switch, and PC." ], [ "Content", "''Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story'' highlights Minter's career ranging across platforms that were primarily popular in Europe.", "It goes through 42 games from 1981 to 1994 across eight different video game platforms.", "Among the games are two of Minter's \"light synthesizer\" programs: ''Psychedelia'' and ''Colourspace''.", "Digital Eclipse adjusted several games to be playing on contemporary control pads.", "Some games, such as ''3D 3D'' are playable in their original form, as well as being updated to have boosted frame rate and contemporary First-person shooter-based controls.", "The most recent game on the list is ''Tempest 2000'' (1994), with Digital Eclipse's editorial director Chris Kohler saying that the Jaguar was the extent of what they could emulate, as material for systems like the Nuon was \"a bridge too far\".The games are displayed in an interactive timeline which offers the games in along with video interviews, photos, and text quotes about the games.", "Minter included much of his own collection of Llamasoft-related material in the release, going through his own catalogue of British video game magazines as well as reaching out to others to find material not in his own archive.", "Video footage in the features Minter, industry peers, YouTubers, journalists such as Gary Penn of ''Zzap!64''." ], [ "Development", "''Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story'' compiles the games developed by Jeff Minter (pictured in 2007).In 2023, Digital Eclipse announced they would adapt the interactive documentary and historical timeline format used in their ''Atari 50'' (2022) into further products under their ''Gold Master Series'' branding.", "Kohler stated that the audience immediately picked up the idea of going through a timeline within ''Atari 50'' and following the history, which gave the team at Digital Eclipse the confidence to continue with the format.", "The first ''Gold Master Series'' release was ''The Making of Karateka'' (2023), which chronicled the history of ''Karateka'' (1984) which also received favorable reviews.Digital Eclipse announced on Double Fine's Day of the Devs livestream in December 2023 that the next release in the series would be titled ''Llamasoft: The Jeff Minter Story'' focusing on the career of video game designer Jeff Minter.", "Digital Eclipse's studio head Mike Mika described Minter as \"the last indie developer\", and that he was the last generation of bedroom coders that founded the British computer game industry.", "While most developers started this form and went on to form large companies, Minter continued to develop games on his own.", "Mika also stated that before entering the game industry, Minter had reached out and helped him get started.New work was done to create emulation of consoles such as the Commodore VIC-20, Sinclair Spectrum and Sinclair ZX81.To emulate the Atari ST games, work was done to port these games to the Atari Jaguar as they both share hardware.", "These ports of the games are originally fan works.", "Kohler said that without the fanbase for these games archiving and creating fan ports, these games Llamasoft would not be able to keep working as it was just a two-person operation.", "The Konix Multisystem, a British console that never released was emulated based on technical specifications of the system and Minter's source code for ''Attack of the Mutant Camels '89''.Unlike previous projects, Digital Eclipse partnered with filmmaker Paul Docherty who was developing a documentary titled ''Heart of Neon'' about Minter.", "Kohler and Docherty collaborated on collecting footage to apply into this release.", "Minter only commented on item to be changed during development, which involved a stock image of tea, which depicted a milk-free cup with he bag left, leading to Minter providing his own image saying \"you would never seven need to know that I used PG Tips to make the tea in that shot, but I guarantee you that's what's in there.\"", "Other games, such as the political ''Bomb Buenos Aires'' is address and released in a form described as \"less controversial\" by ''Retro Gamer''." ], [ "Games", "There are 42 games available in the collection.+ Title Sinclair ZX81Commodore VIC-20Commodore 64Sinclair SpectrumAtari 8-bitKonix Multi-SystemAtari STAtari JaguarOtherNote ''3D 3D'' ''Centipede'' ''Abductor'' ''Andes Attack'' ''Deflex V'' ''Gridrunner'' ''Hellgate'' ''Laser Zone'' ''Matrix: Gridrunner 2'' ''Metagalactic Llamas Battle at the Edge of Time'' ''Ratman'' ''Ancipital'' ''Attack of the Mutant Camels'' ''Batalyx'' ''Hover Bovver'' ''Iridis Alpha'' ''Mama Llama'' ''Psychedelia'' ''Revenge of the Mutant Camels'' ''Revenge of the Mutant Camels II'' ''Rox 64'' ''Sheep in Space'' ''Voidrunner'' ''City Bomb'' ''Headbangers Heaven'' ''Rox III'' ''Superdeflex'' ''Colourspace'' ''Turboflex'' ''Attack of the Mutant Camels '89'' Unreleased demo ''Llamatron: 2112'' ''Super Gridrunner'' ''Tempest 2000'' ''Gridrunner Remastered'' Updated graphical version of ''Gridrunner''." ], [ "Release", "The game is set for release in 2024 and will be published by Digital Eclipse.", "It will made available for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X׀S, Nintendo Switch, and PC.", "Physical copies will be available from Limited Run Games." ], [ "Sources", "===Notes======References===* * * * * * *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Peter Combrinck" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Peter Carl Combrinck''' is a South African retired judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal.", "He was appointed to the appellate bench on 13 November 2006 by President Thabo Mbeki, following interviews with the Judicial Service Commission the prior month." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Oleksandr Hrushyn" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Oleksandr Ihorovych Hrushyn''' (; born 19 June 1998 in Volnovakha) is a Ukrainian Greco-Roman wrestler.", "He's twice European Championships medalist." ], [ "Personal life", "He was born on 19 June 1998 in Volnovakha at the east of Ukraine.", "He studied at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University in physical culture department.", "He is married to Alina Hrushyna, World Championships bronze medalist and two-time European champion." ], [ "Career", "In 2015, Oleksandr became a world champion at the World Cadets Wrestling Championships in Sarajevo.", "In the following year, he won a bronze medal at the European Junior Championships in Bucharest.In 2017, Oleksandr received a silver medal at the 2017 World Junior Wrestling Championships.", "At the next year he won a gold medal at the 2018 European Juniors Wrestling Championships and also a bronze medal at the 2018 U23 World Wrestling Championships, held in Rome and Bucharest respectively.In the following years, Oleksandr won a bronze medal at the 2022 European Wrestling Championships in Budapest, winning Etienne Kinsinger in bronze medal match.Then he won a silver medal at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships in 63 kg event, losing Murad Mammadov from Azerbaijan in final match.", "During the medal ceremony, he refused for common photo with bronze medalist Anvar Allakhiarov from Russia, who represented Individual Neutral Athletes, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine." ], [ "Achievements", "YearTournamentVenueResultEvent2015World Cadet Championships Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina1stGreco-Roman 54 kg2016European Junior Championships Bucharest, Romania3rdGreco-Roman 60 kg2016World Junior Championships Macon, France5thGreco-Roman 60 kg2017European U23 Championships Szombathely, Hungary7thGreco-Roman 59 kg2017European Junior Championships Dortmund, Germany5thGreco-Roman 60 kg2017World Junior Championships Tampere, Finland2ndGreco-Roman 60 kg2018European U23 Championships Istanbul, Türkiye7thGreco-Roman 63 kg2018European Junior Championships Rome, Italy1stGreco-Roman 63 kg2018World Junior Championships Trnava, Slovakia18thGreco-Roman 63 kg2018World U23 Championships Bucharest, Romania3rdGreco-Roman 63 kg2019European U23 Championships Novi Sad, Serbia5thGreco-Roman 63 kg2019World Championships Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan15thGreco-Roman 63 kg2019World U23 Championships Budapest, Hungary10thGreco-Roman 63 kg2021European Championships Warsaw, Poland10thGreco-Roman 63 kg2021World U23 Championships Belgrade, Serbia7thGreco-Roman 63 kg2022European Championships Budapest, Hungary3rdGreco-Roman 63 kg2022World Championships Belgrade, Serbia30thGreco-Roman 63 kg2023European Championships Zagreb, Croatia10thGreco-Roman 63 kg2023World Championships Belgrade, Serbia7thGreco-Roman 63 kg2024European Championships Bucharest, Romania2ndGreco-Roman 63 kg" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Oleksandr Hrushyn at United World Wrestling**" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ayelén" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ayelén''' is a feminine given name." ], [ "People", "* (born 2002), Argentine footballer* (born 1989), Argentine singer and trans rights activist* Ayelén García (born 1999), Argentine handball player* Ayelén Martínez (born 1993), Argentine chess player* Ayelén Mazzina (born 1989), Argentine political scientist and politician* Ayelén Stepnik (born 1975), Argentine field hockey player* Ayelén Tarabini (born 1992), Argentine artistic gymnast" ], [ "See also", "* (born 1999), Argentine footballer* Antonela Ayelen Curatola (born 1991), Argentine volleyball player" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "João Carlos (footballer, born 2001)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''João Carlos Barros Lopes''' (born 21 June 2001), known as '''João Carlos''', is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Criciúma." ], [ "Career", "Born in Campo Erê, Santa Catarina, João Carlos began his career with Brusque, and had a short spell at Vasco da Gama before joining the youth sides of Criciúma in 2019.He made his first team debut with the latter on 22 January 2020, starting in a 2–1 Campeonato Catarinense home win over Concórdia.João Carlos scored his first senior goal on 26 January 2020, netting the equalizer in a 3–2 away loss to Juventus Jaraguá.", "Regularly used during the 2020 Campeonato Catarinense, he lost his space afterwards, and was loaned to Marcílio Dias on 9 March 2022.João Carlos helped the ''Marinheiro'' to win the 2022 Copa Santa Catarina, and returned to ''Tigre'' in January 2023.On 30 January 2024, after being mainly a backup option as the club achieved promotion to the Série A, he renewed his contract until 2025." ], [ "Career statistics", "ClubSeasonLeagueState LeagueCupContinentalOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsCriciúma2020Série C6011100——1712021208120—401612023Série B16013110——3012024Série A007100—1081Total24039430—50714Marcílio Dias (loan)2022Série D14120——133294Career total38141430001831008" ], [ "Honours", "'''Marcílio Dias'''Copa Santa Catarina: 2022'''Criciúma'''Campeonato Catarinense: 2023*Recopa Catarinense: 2024" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Poppy Pritchard" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Poppy Pritchard''' (born 3 December 2005) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Manchester City and the England under-19 team." ], [ "Club career", "An academy product of Women's Championship club Durham, Pritchard started her senior career at Durham, making 22 a total of appearances and scoring twice.", "She made four appearances in the 2022–23 Championship season, followed by another 13 in the 2023–24 season.On 22 November 2022, Pritchard scored a hat trick for Durham under-21 team against Manchester United, becoming the first team to win against United's U21 side with a 3–2 result.", "In the 2022–23 season, she scored at total of 18 goals and provided 3 assists for Durham U21 team.On 31 January 2024, Pritchard signed for Manchester City on a three-and-a-half-year deal, after interest from several WSL clubs including Tottenham Hotspur." ], [ "International career", "On 20 September 2023, Pritchard scored within 15 minutes of her youth international debut with England under-19s, in a 5–0 win over Denmark, followed by a brace against Germany in a 3–3 draw six days later.", "For 2024 Under-19 Championship qualification on 25 October 2023, she scored the fifth goal against Wales in a 6–1 victory, and provided two assists.", "On 1 December 2023, as the number 9 striker, Pritchard scored two goals in the 5–1 win over Sweden." ], [ "Career statistics", "===Club===.+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueFA CupLeague CupContinentalTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsDurham 2022–23Women's Championship401000—502023–241320030—162Total1721030—212Manchester City2023–24Women's Super League000000—00Career total1721030—212" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Profile at Manchester City F.C.", "* Poppy Pritchard at Soccerway" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Indian Space Painters" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Indian Space Painters''' were a group of mid-century American modernist artists who were influenced by Native American art, European surrealism and Abstract Expressionism.", "They were primarily active in the post WWII years during the late 1940s and early 1950s.Many of their works were inspired by the motifs of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast combined with non-objective forms.", "Their formal language was primarily organic rather than geometric.", "Colors were usually laid down in flat patterns in a bright palette that emphasized figure-ground relationships.", "Other indigenous influences include the art of the Puebloan peoples of American Southwest, as well as Peruvian textiles.Artists who practiced the style include Gertrude Barrer (1921–1997), Peter Busa (1914–1985), Howard Daum (1978–1988), Steve Wheeler, Robert Barrell, Will Barnet Oscar Collier, Helen De Mott, Ruth Lewin, Lilian Orloff, among others." ], [ "Criticism", "Indian Space Painting has been publicly criticized, and described as \"complex and contentious\".", "Critics have called the style problematic and referred to it as modernist primitivism that constitutes \"an anthropologizing of form.\"", "Scholar of Native American art, W. Jackson Rushing, discussed the work as \"cultural nationalism.\"", "The online art magazine, Hyperallergic states that Howard Daum coined the name \"Indian Space Painting\" in 1946, a name that is \"now decidedly un-PC.\"" ], [ "References" ], [ "Further reading", "McCormick, Kaitlin.", "''The Entangled Gaze: Indigenous and European Views of Each Other'', (2018), Journal of Indigenous Studies and First Nations and First Peoples' Cultures" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2018 Central American Championships in Athletics" ], [ "Introduction", "The 29th '''Central American Championships in Athletics''' were held at the Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores in Guatemala City, Guatemala, on 13 and 14 July 2018.A total of 44 events were contested, 22 by men, 22 by women." ], [ "Medal summary", "===Men===100 metres (wind: +0.4 m/s) 10.53 10.63 10.80200 metres (wind: -0.5 m/s) 21.22 21.22 21.47400 metres 46.26 47.21 49.18800 metres 1:57.70 1:57.80 1:57.821500 metres 4:03.83 4:05.75 4:13.675000 metres 14:41.86 14:53.69 15:08.1910,000 metres 30:50.13 31:10.07 31:24.07110 metres hurdles (wind: +0.9 m/s) 14.72 14.83 15.83400 metres hurdles 49.85 50.97 51.253000 metres steeplechase 9:45.13 9:57.02 10:05.164 × 100 metres relay Brayan GuzmánShermal CalimoreJeikob MongeHéctor Allen 40.83 41.36 41.644 × 400 metres relay Brayan GuzmánJeikob MongeGerald DrummondShermal Calimore 3:12.23 3:15.52 3:21.0120,000 metres track walk 1:28:11.36 1:28:22.61 1:46:43.28High jump 2.12 1.85 ''Only two participants''Pole vault 4.70 4.50 3.70Long jump 7.73 7.46 7.24Triple jump 15.77 15.46 15.04Shot put 15.47 14.76 13.50Discus throw 45.96 45.60 44.00Hammer throw 70.70 60.04 57.94Javelin throw 66.37 53.91 52.50Decathlon 6129 5814 ''Only two participants''===Women===100 metres (wind: -0.9 m/s) 12.00 12.22 12.25200 metres (wind: -1.1 m/s) 24.35 25.13 25.43400 metres 55.08 55.41 59.41800 metres 2:13.54 2:16.34 2:19.621500 metres 4:49.50 4:49.88 4:51.715000 metres 18:12.90 19:21.46 19:31.8410,000 metres 39:50.32 41:03.62 41:27.71100 metres hurdles (wind: +1.2 m/s) 12.95 14.12 15.64400 metres hurdles 58.69 62.10 66.463000 metres hurdles 13:00.74 13:32.74 14:00.644 × 100 metres relay Keylin PennantAndrea VargasDaneysha RobinsonIrma Harris 47.00 48.16 48.414 × 400 metres relay Sharolyn ScottDaniela RojasIrma HarrisDesiré Bermúdez 3:46.69 4:02.41 4:06.3010,000 metres track walk 50:11.20\t 54:06.44 59:35.91High jump 1.70 1.63 1.55Pole vault 3.42 2.70 2.50Long jump 6.36 6.06 5.77Triple jump 13.15 13.03 12.22Shot put 12.91 12.16 11.73Discus throw 52.41 40.18 38.75Hammer throw 51.91 47.62 39.59Javelin throw 47.93 45.51 41.98Heptathlon 4954 4659 3879" ], [ "Medal table" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Arne Halgjem" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Arne Halgjem''' (14 July 1871 – 17 January 1927) was a Norwegian temperance activist.He was born in Os, Hordaland.", "After graduating from Stord Teachers' College in 1891, he was a schoolteacher in places such as Haugesund, Søgne and Bygland, working to propagate Landsmål.", "He was a schoolteacher until 1913, when he became director of ''Statens Filmkontroll'' to stamp out film censorship in Norway.Halgjem was a city councillor in Haugesund.", "As a temperance activist, Halgjem was a grand templar of IOGT from 1906 to 1918.He chaired the umbrella organization ''Avholdsfolkets Landsnemnd'' from 1912 to 1914 and 1918 to 1927.His latter chairmanship spanned most of the prohibition era in Norway, in which his organizations helped win the 1919 Norwegian prohibition referendum.", "From 1921 to 1926 Halgjem was editor-in-chief of the nationwide temperance newspaper ''Folket''.", "Prohibition in Norway ended with the 1926 Norwegian continued prohibition referendum.", "He was also one of the mainHalgjem did not seek re-election as chairman of ''Avholdsfolkets Landsnemnd'', and was succeeded by Johan Hvidsten on 10 January 2027.On 17 January, Halgjem died in his home in Ullevål Hageby." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2023 Summit League men's soccer tournament" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2023 Summit League men's soccer tournament''' was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Summit League held on November 9 and 11, 2023.The three-match tournament took place at Case Soccer Complex in Tulsa, Oklahoma.", "The four-team single-elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.", "The Denver Pioneers were the defending champions.", "Denver was unable to defended their title, falling to in a penalty shoot-out in the First Round.", "would go on to defeat Kansas City in the Final 2–0 to become tournament champions.", "The tournament win was Omaha's second as a member of the conference, and the title was the first for head coach Donovan Dowling.", "As tournament champions, Omaha earned the Summit League's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament." ], [ "Seeding", "Four of the six Summit League men's soccer programs qualified for the 2023 Tournament.", "Teams were seeded based on their regular season records.", "Tiebreakers were used to determine the seedings of teams who finished with identical conference records.", "No tiebreakers were required as all teams finished with unique regular season conference records.SeedSchoolConference RecordPoints 1 6–0–1 19 2 4–1–2 14 3 3–2–2 11 4 2–2–3 9" ], [ "Bracket", "Source:" ], [ "Schedule", "=== Semifinals ====== Final ===" ], [ "Statistics", "=== Goalscorers ===" ], [ "All-Tournament team", "Source: Player Team Oje Ofunrein Aidan O'Toole Robin Balters Mael Caisson Carson Lindsey Naz Astwood Thore Boehm Mathis Pilon St-Louis '''Nathanel Sallah''' Luis Flores Joel QuashieMVP in '''bold'''" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "13th MFK Awards" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''13th Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?", "Awards''' ceremony, presented by the Marathi television channel Zee Talkies, honored the best Marathi-language Indian films of 2022.The ceremony was held on 20 January 2023, and was hosted by Amey Wagh and Priyadarshan Jadhav.", "''Pandu'' led the ceremony with 12 nominations, followed by ''De Dhakka 2'' and Timepass 3 with 10 nominations each.Dharmaveer earned 5 awards, including Favourite Film, Favourite Director, and Favourite Actor, making it the most-awarded film of the ceremony, whereas Chandramukhi earned 3.Avadhoot Gupte got 3 nominations in Favourite Singer – Male category but lost to Adarsh Shinde.", "Prasad Oak, Amruta Khanvilkar, and Vaibhav Mangle each received 2 nominations in different categories, with the former two winning Favourite Actor and Favourite Actress, respectively." ], [ "Winners and nominees", "* '''''Dharmaveer''''' ''Chandramukhi'' ''De Dhakka 2'' ''Har Har Mahadev'' ''Timepass 3'' ''Pandu'' ''Sher Shivraj''** ''Zombivli''* '''Pravin Tarde – ''Dharmaveer''''' Prasad Oak – ''Chandramukhi'' Viju Mane – ''Pandu'' Abhijit Deshpande – ''Har Har Mahadev'' Mahesh Manjrekar, Sudesh Manjrekar – ''De Dhakka 2'' Digpal Lanjekar – ''Sher Shivraj'' Ravi Jadhav – ''Timepass 3''** Aditya Sarpotdar – ''Zombivli''* '''Prasad Oak – ''Dharmaveer''''' Adinath Kothare – ''Chandramukhi'' Bhalchandra Kadam – ''Pandu'' Sharad Kelkar – ''Har Har Mahadev'' Makarand Anaspure – ''De Dhakka 2'' Lalit Prabhakar – ''Zombivli'' Amey Wagh – ''Zombivli''** Prathamesh Parab – ''Timepass 3''* '''Amruta Khanvilkar – ''Chandramukhi''''' Sonalee Kulkarni – ''Pandu'' Ritika Shrotri – ''Darling'' Vaidehi Parshurami – ''Zombivli'' Hruta Durgule – ''Timepass 3''* '''Siddhartha Jadhav – ''De Dhakka 2''''' Kshitish Date – Dharmaveer ''Dharmaveer'' Kushal Bhadrike – ''Pandu'' Vaibhav Mangle – ''Sher Shivraj'' Sanjay Narvekar – ''Timepass 3''* '''Snehal Tarde – ''Dharmaveer''''' Mrunmayee Deshpande – ''Chandramukhi'' Amruta Khanvilkar – ''Har Har Mahadev'' Medha Manjrekar – ''De Dhakka 2'' Mrinal Kulkarni – ''Sher Shivraj''** Trupti Khamkar – ''Zombivli'''''Prajakta Mali – ''Pandu''''' * Milind Shinde – ''Har Har Mahadev'' Vaibhav Mangle – ''Timepass 3'' Mukesh Rishi – ''Sher Shivraj''** Vidyadhar Joshi – ''De Dhakka 2'''''\"Chandra\" – ''Chandramukhi'''''* \"Shivba Raja\" – ''Sher Shivraj'' \"Gurupurnima\" – Dharmaveer''Dharmaveer'' \"Sai Tujha Lekaru\" – ''Timepass 3'' \"De Punha Dhakka\" – ''De Dhakka 2'' \"Angaat Aalaya\" – ''Zombivli'' \"Bhurum Bhurum\" – ''Pandu'' \"Kelewali\" – ''Pandu''* '''Adarsh Shinde – \"Ashtami\" – ''Dharmaveer''''' Adarsh Shinde – \"Sai Tujha Lekaru\" – ''Timepass 3'' Avadhoot Gupte – \"De Punha Dhakka\" – ''De Dhakka 2'' Avadhoot Gandhi – \"Shivba Raja\" – ''Sher Shivraj'' Avadhoot Gupte – \"Kelewali\" – ''Pandu'' Rohan Pradhan – \"Angaat Aalaya\" – ''Zombivli'' Avadhoot Gupte – \"Bhurum Bhurum\" – ''Pandu''** Manish Rajgire – \"Gurupurnima\" – ''Dharmaveer''* '''Shreya Ghosal – \"Chandra\" – ''Chandramukhi''''' Vaishali Samant – \"Bhurum Bhurum\" – ''Pandu'' Shamika Bhide – \"De Punha Dhakka\" – ''De Dhakka 2'' Sampada Mane – \"Kelewali\" – ''Pandu'' Shalmali Kholgade – \"Cold Drink\" – ''Timepass 3'' Vaishali Mhade – \"Gar Gar Bhingri\" – ''De Dhakka 2'' Vaishali Samant – \"Waghachi Darkali\" – ''Timepass 3''* '''Riteish Deshmukh''' Ankush Chaudhari Swapnil Joshi Siddharth Jadhav Lalit Prabhakar** Amey Wagh * '''Hruta Durgule''' Amruta Khanvilkar Sonalee Kulkarni Pooja Sawant Sai Tamhankar ** Vaidehi Parashurami'''Ritesh Deshmukh''''''Sai Tamhankar'''" ], [ "Superlatives", "+Multiple nominations Nominations Film12''Pandu''10''De Dhakka 2''''Timepass 3''8''Dharmaveer''''Zombivli''7''Chandramukhi''''Sher Shivraj''5''Har Har Mahadev''+Multiple wins Awards Film5''Dharmaveer'' 3''Chandramukhi''" ], [ "See also", "* Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Friko" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Friko''' is an American indie rock duo from Chicago, Illinois.", "The duo is currently signed to ATO Records." ], [ "History", "Friko began in 2019 as a project consisting of Niko Kapetan, Luke Stamos and Bailey Minzenberger.", "All three members were graduates of Evanston Township High School.", "After releasing their first EP in 2020, the trio released their second EP ''Whenever Forever'' in 2022.In August 2023, Friko signed with the label ATO Records and announced they were to be just a duo with Kapetan and Minzenberger.", "In November 2023, the duo announced plans to release their debut album.", "The album, ''Where we've been, Where we go from here'', was released on February 16, 2024.The band cited MewithoutYou, Mitski, and The Beach Boys as inspiration for the album.", "Upon release of the album, the song \"Get Numb To It!\"", "was named \"Today's Top Tune\" by KCRW and one of \"9 New Albums You Should Listen to Now\" by Pitchfork.", "The album received positive reviews." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Alleluya Band" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alleluya Band''' is an oldest Malawian music group founded by Paul Banda his brother Lucius Banda from Balaka.", "The band started and rose to fame in 1970s.", "The band's current leader is Coss Chiwalo.", "In 2021, the group released their 13th album in May.", "In 2018 and 2019, the band visited Rome and met with Pope Francis for Panama for World Youth Day.", "In 2020, after the band embarked from Italy, they were quarantined due to Covid-19.The band has also shared stage with different artists such as Skeffa Chimoto and Dan Lufani." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "1963 Sewanee Tigers football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1963 Sewanee Tigers football team''' was an American football team that represented Sewanee: The University of the South as a member of the College Athletic Conerence during the 1963 NCAA College Division football season.", "In their seventh season under head coach Shirley Majors, the Tigers compiled a perfect 8–0 record (4–0 in conference games), won the CAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 275 to 45.It was one of four undefeated seasons in Sewanee football history, the others being 1898, 1899, and 1958.It was also the first of Sewanee's 12 CAC/SCAC championships.Tailback Martin Luther \"M.L.\"", "Agnew was a threat as a passer (507 yards) and runner (841 yards), led the team in total offense, and won first-team honors on the 1963 Little All-America college football team.", "Larry Majors, son of the head coach, set a school record with an average of 7.0 yards per carry during the 1963 season.In 2010, the 1963 team was inducted as a group into the Sewanee Athletics Hall of Fame.", "This followed the induction of the 1899 football team in 2004 and the 1958 football team in 2008.The team played its home games at Hardee Field in Sewanee, Tennessee." ], [ "Schedule" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Gila Ashtor" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Gila Ashtor''' is a critical theorist, psychoanalyst, and writer known for her contributions to queer theory, psychoanalytic theory, and gender studies.", "She is a Clinical Psychoanalysis professor at Columbia University.She is also the author of an experimental memoir, ''Aural History'', and a book of clinical theory, ''Exigent Psychoanalysis: Jean Laplanche's Interventions''.For ''Homo Psyche: On Queer Theory and Erotophobia,'' she was the finalist for Lambda Literary Award for LGBT Studies." ], [ "Education", "She earned a BA in English Literature and Political Science at Brandeis University, a Master of Philosophy at the University of Chicago, a PhD in Literature and Queer Theory at Tufts, and an MFA at Columbia University." ], [ "Career", "Ashtor has authored non-fiction books within academia and psychoanalysis.", "Her writings often explore themes related to trauma, grief, affective disorders, identity, and sexuality.Ashtor serves as an editor at Studies in ''Gender and Sexuality''." ], [ "Notable works", "Ashtor's notable works include=== ''Homo Psyche: On Queer Theory and Erotophobia'' ===In this book, Ashtor critiques contemporary queer theory for its perceived erotophobia and advocates for a more expansive understanding of sexuality.", "She engages with key figures in the field, such as Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Judith Butler, while proposing a metapsychological approach to queer critical thought.=== ''\"Exigent Psychoanalysis: The Interventions of Jean Laplanche\"'' ===This book delves into the work of psychoanalyst Jean Laplanche, exploring his innovative contributions to psychoanalytic theory.", "Ashtor examines Laplanche's concepts of enlarged sexuality, seduction, and translation, and considers their implications for contemporary psychoanalytic practice." ], [ "Awards", "She has been awarded by the American Studies Association, which awarded \"Homo Psyche\" the Alan Bray Memorial Book Award for LGBTQ+ research.", "Additionally, Ashtor was named a finalist for the Lambda Literary Awards in the LGBTQ Studies category." ], [ "Selected bibliography", "=== Books ===* * * * === Journals ===* * * * * * " ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Dallas Parks and Recreation Department" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Dallas Parks and Recreation Department''' is the department of the Government of Dallas responsible for maintaining the city's parks system, preserving and maintaining the ecological diversity of the city's natural areas, and furnishing recreational opportunities for city's residents and visitors.The park system was established in 1876, with the first park being City Park, adjacent to Browder Springs.", "The park was located a mile southeast of the Dallas County Courthouse." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Notosimus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Notosimus''''' is a genus of planthopper and contains the single species, '''''Notosimus angustipennis'''''.", "It is found in northern Argentina.", "It was initially placed in the family Issidae, however analysis of the ovipositor in female specimens led the genus to be moved to Acanaloniidae in 2012." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Badminton at the 2023 National Games of India" ], [ "Introduction", "Badminton events were held at the 2023 National Games of India from 19 October 2023 to 24 October 2023 at S.P.M.", "Stadium, Goa University." ], [ "Singles", "===Men=== Rank Athlete State M Tharun Telangana Sourabh Varma Madhya Pradesh Harsheel Dani Maharashtra Mithun Manjunath Karnataka===Women=== Rank Athlete State Anupama Upadhyaya Haryana Aditi Bhatt Uttarakhand Mareddy Reddy Telangana Aakarshi Kashyap Chhattisgarh" ], [ "Doubles", "===Men=== Rank Athlete State Nithin HVPruthvi Roy Karnataka Hariharan AmsakarunanRuban kumar Rethinasabapathi Tamil Nadu Deep RambhiyaAkshan Shetty Maharashtra Prakash Raj SVaibhaav Vaibhaav Karnataka===Women=== Rank Athlete State Shikha GautamAshwini Bhat Karnataka Simran SinghiRitika Thaker Maharashtra Kavya GuptaDeepshikha Singh Delhi Arul bala RadhakrishnanVarshini Viswanath Sri Tamil Nadu===Mixed=== Rank Athlete State Shaik GousePooja Dandu Andhra Pradesh Bokka NavaneethManeesha Kukkapalli Telangana Nitin KumarKanika Kanwal Delhi Suraj GoalaManali Bora Assam" ], [ "Team", "===Men=== Rank State Karnataka Maharashtra Assam Uttarakhand===Women=== Rank State Assam Maharashtra Goa Andhra Pradesh" ], [ "Medal table" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Anabelas" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Anabelas''''' is the first studio album of the Argentinian progressive rock band, Bubu.", "It was recorded from March to October 1978, and was released in 1978.The band's original vocalist, Miguel Zabaleta, did not feature in the album.", "He left earlier in the year and was replaced with Guelache." ], [ "Track listing", "Side oneSide two" ], [ "Personnel", "* Petty Guelache - vocals* Eduardo Rogatti - guitar* Edgardo \"Fleke\" Folino - bass* Polo Corbella - drums* Win Forstman - tenor saxophone, lyrics* Sergio Polizzi - violin* Cecilia Tenconi - flutes* Mario Kirlis - piano" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Virginia Manzanera" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Virginia Manzanera''' (born 26 March 1965) is a former Spanish rhythmic gymnast and coach.", "She won a European bronze medal in 1984." ], [ "Biography", "Virginia began practicing rhythmic gymnastics when she was 9 years old at the Club Vallisoletano in Valladolid, the only rhythmic club that existed in the city at the time.", "Her sister Laura followed her footsepts, later joining her into the national team.In 1978 she won gold in freehands in the 2nd category in the Spanish Individual Championship.", "In 1979 she won All-Around silver in the 2nd category of the Spanish Championship in Madrid.", "In 1980 she was 5th in the All-Around of the 1st category at nationals held in Alicante.She was then scouted to join the national team, training at the Moscardó Gymnasium in Madrid under the orders of Emilia Boneva and the group coach, Ana Roncero.", "Georgi Neykov was the team's choreographer and Violeta Portaska was the pianist in charge of providing live music for the routines.In 1982, Manzanera participated as part of the Spanish group along Mónica Alcaraz, Elena García, Isabel García, Victoria García and Dolores Tamariz, with Pilar Domenech, María Fernández, María Martín and Sonia Somoza as substitutes, in the European Championships in Stavanger, where Spain placed 4th.In 1983 she competed in the World Cup Final in Belgrade, where the group finished 4th, and in the World Championships in Strasbourg, getting 5th place.In 1984 Virginia was part of the Spanish group that won bronze at the European Championship in Vienna.", "The members of the group were Virginia, Pilar Domenech, María Fernández Ostolaza , Eva Obalat, Nancy Usero and Graciela Yanes, in addition to Rocío Ducay and Ofelia Rodríguez as substitutes.", "After this achievement, they were all awarded the Medal of Gymnastic Merit of 1984 from the Royal Spanish Gymnastics Federation that was given to them in 1985 in a ceremony presided over by Alfonso de Borbón y Dampierre, Duke of Cádiz, then president of the COE.The following year she competed as an individual in the World Championships held in her native Valladolid, taking 22nd place in the All-Around.After her retirement she became a coach, eventually training the national team's gymnasts Alicia Martín and Amaya Cardeñoso at the then recently inaugurated Technical Center of Castilla y León.", "She currently runs a company that manufactures wooden wine boxes.", "Her nieace María Arthaud, Laura's daughter, competes in rhythmic gymnastics at the national level." ], [ "Legacy and influence", "The bronze medal at the European Championships in Vienna in 1984 was the first for the Spanish group since 1975, and then began a long period of winning international medals.", "In an interview in 2016, María Fernández Ostolaza highlighted the importance of that medal for Spanish rhythmic gymnastics:" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Erythranthe arenaria" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Erythranthe arenaria''''', formerly '''''Mimulus arenarius''''', also known as '''sand-loving monkeyflower''', is a species of flowering plant.", "This plant is native to eastern California in the United States, where it is found in the central and southern Sierra Nevada mountains.", "Sand-loving monkeyflower is usually found in \"sandy flats, sand bars, washes, seasonal creek beds\" in the foothills and the High Sierra.", "The type specimen was collected from near Huntington Lake in Fresno County, in 1917.This plant was moved from the genus ''Mimulus'' to the genus ''Erythranthe'' in 2012." ], [ "See also", "* Ecology of the Sierra Nevada" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Tim Rudnick" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Timothy John Rudnick''' (March 6, 1952 – September 7, 2014) was an American football defensive back who played for the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL).", "He played college football at Northern Illinois University." ], [ "References" ], [ "Further reading", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "B. Mifflin Hood Brick Company" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''B.", "Mifflin Hood Brick Company''' is a defunct American manufacturer of clay bricks and tiles that was based out of Atlanta, Georgia." ], [ "History", "The company was formed by and named after Benjamin Mifflin Hood, a ceramicist born in Cambridge, Maryland.", "Hood moved to the Atlanta area in 1904 and soon became involved in the brick manufacturing industry.", "Hood was appalled by the widespread use of convict leasing in Georgia's industries, and as early as 1905, signed his name on advertisements for bricks that encouraged customers to \"buy free labor.", "\"In 1916, he formally incorporated the company and constructed a factory to produce quarry tile.", "Shortly after this the company produced ceramic rings used for explosives manufacturing during World War I.After the war's end the company grew and became a significant producer of clay roof tiles in addition to their brick and quarry tile.", "At its height, the company had Georgia plants in Adairsville, Rome, Calhoun, and Daisy, and North Carolina plants in Norwood.", "The company was a major proponent for the establishment of a school of ceramic engineering at Georgia Tech, which later was absorbed into the current School of Materials Science and Engineering.Hood died in 1946, and despite its success, the company dissolved soon after." ], [ "Legacy", "The company's tiles and bricks were widely used through the American South and can be found on many structures.Georgia Tech continues to retain a B. Mifflin Hood professorship position in honor of Hood and his contributions to the program.The East Lake Golf Club's clubhouse was made with B. Mifflin Hood roof tiles in 1926, and when it was expanded in 2008, they were matched by Ludowici for the new addition.B.", "Mifflin Hood's 1909 office building and showroom in Atlanta was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018." ], [ "See also", "Ludowici Roof TileGladding, McBean" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Renfield: Bring Your Own Blood" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Renfield: Bring Your Own Blood''''' is a 2023 horror roguelike shoot 'em up video game developed by Mega Cat Studios and published by Skybound Games, which is based on the 2023 action horror film, ''Renfield'', directed by Chris McKay and starring Nicholas Hoult, Awkwafina and Nicolas Cage.", "Following an early access release on April 12, 2023, it was released for Windows on September 20, 2023." ], [ "Gameplay", "The player selects one of multiple characters including Robert Montague Renfield, Count Dracula, Rebecca Quincy, Bat Head, Cheerleader, Gore Golem, Mark, Mina Harker, the Red Death, Remy Broussard, Richard the Werelobo, Sister Charlotte, Teddy Lobo and the Maestro.", "The player character can use various weapons as well as different bonuses that can be unlocked as the player levels up.", "The player can also consume bugs for various boosts and effects.", "Throughout levels, players can also find victims, who can be sacrificed to Dracula or saved, leading to a boss fight at the end of the level." ], [ "Release", "The game left early access and was released on September 20, 2023, on Windows." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mesivta Ohel Torah" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mesivta Ohel Torah''' (Hebrew lit.", "tent of torah) is an Orthodox yeshiva in the College and Carlton neighborhood of Monsey, New York in the United States.", "The yeshiva is primarily set up of two divisions; \"Mesivta\" (9th-11th grade) and \"Bais Medrash\" (12th grade and up).", "The Yeshiva was founded in 1987 by Rabbi Shmuel Rosengarten and Rabbi Gavriel Boddenheimer." ], [ "Leadership", "The current leadership of Ohel Torah consists of;Shmuel Rosengarten, Rosh YeshivaGavriel Boddenheimer, Rosh YeshivaSholom Rosengarten, Rosh Yeshiva/Bais Medrash Maggid ShuirBaruch Wolff, 12th Grade TeacherShmuel Gorelick, 11th Grade TeacherNosson Stein, 10th Grade Teacher*Yitzchok Schwartz, 9th Grade Teacher" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Siege of Uman (1657)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Siege of Uman (1657)''' — a military clash between Mykhailo Khanenko's cossacks and the Crimean Tatars." ], [ "History", "Among the military actions that took place in the lands of modern Cherkasy region after the death of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, it is difficult to single out the one that can be unequivocally considered the starting point in the military chronicle of the final stage of the Ukrainian National Revolution.", "If we follow the specified chronological framework (autumn 1657 - autumn 1676), the first significant armed clash in our region took place on 10 (24) November 1657 near the walls of Uman between a 6,000-strong Tatar detachment and the Cossacks of the Uman Regiment led by M. Khanenko.", "It ended in a complete defeat of the Crimeans, not least because the city's garrison had been warned by intelligence about the plans of the Tatar army" ], [ "References" ], [ "Sources", "* Мицик Ю. Умань козацька і гайдамацька / Ю. Мицик.", "– К.: ВД «Києво-Могилянська академія», 2002.– 186 с." ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Wayne Reutimann" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Wayne Reutimann''' (born December 31, 1944) is a retired American racing driver from Zephyrhills, Florida.", "Never one to turn down a challenge, he successfully competed in dirt Modified, aslphalt Late Model, and Sprint cars." ], [ "Racing career", "Wayne Reutimann followed his older brother Buzzie into racing with one of their father's old Modifieds, a 1935 Chevy coupe numbered as 00 jr. and powered by a GMC six-cylinder engine.", "Reutimann moved on to asphalt Late Models competing success fully at the Golden Gate and Sarasota-Brandenton Speedways in Florida, and in 1965 gained notoriety by becoming the youngest winner of the Florida State Late Model Championship with a half-car-length victory over Bobby Allison at Golden Gate.From 1972 to 1977 Reutimann went north to try his hand at dirt-track Modified competition and became a consistent winner at New Jersey's East Windsor Speedway and Pennsylvania's Nazareth Speedway.", "He claimed the Orange County Fair Speedway track championships in 1975 and 1977, and also won the 1976 New York State Fair Championship at the Syracuse Mile.Wayne Reutimann.", "was inducted into the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame in 2008." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Katherine J. Boskins Barr" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Katherine Juanita Boskins Barr''' (1872 – November 29, 1931) was an American nurse and community leader based in Los Angeles.", "She was the founder and first executive secretary of the Los Angeles Urban League." ], [ "Early life and education", "Boskins (or Baskins) was born in Montgomery, Alabama, the daughter of Mary J. Davis.", "She graduated from Tuskegee Institute in 1891.She trained as a nurse at Provident Hospital in Chicago." ], [ "Career", "Boskins supervised the laundry facilities at Tuskegee as a young woman.", "In 1901, as a young widow with a small son to support, she returned to nursing in Los Angeles.", "She was active in the Tuskegee Club of Los Angeles, and secretary of the Booker Washington Memorial fund in 1916.In 1917, she opened an employment agency for Black workers in Los Angeles.Barr's agency became part of the Tuskegee Industrial Welfare League in 1921, and that soon became the Los Angeles Urban League.", "She was the League's first executive secretary.", "Under her leadership, jobs continued to be a priority of the League.", "For example, she announced that the League successfully negotiated with a store chain to hire more Black clerks, and with a taxi company to hire more Black supervisors.", "The League also helped arrange hotel accommodations and transportation for conference attendees in the city, and ran a summer camp for mothers and children, at a time when few other city agencies addressed the recreation needs of Black families.Barr also owned a ranch in Monrovia, California.", "After her death, Floyd Covington became executive director of the Los Angeles Urban League, serving in this role from 1931 to 1950." ], [ "Personal life", "Katherine Boskins married physician Elmer Elsworth Barr in 1894, in Chicago.", "They had a son, Elmer; he was born in Chicago in 1895.Her husband died from tuberculosis in 1901.She died in 1931, in her late fifties.", "Her grave is in Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Niwas, Madhya Pradesh" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Niwas''' is a town and a nagar panchayat loceted in mandla district of madhya Pradesh.", "It's also Tehsil Headquarter of niwas Tehsil." ], [ "Geography", "Niwas is located on Latitude:\t23° 2' 44\" N Longitude:\t80° 26' 40\" E. It has an average elevation of 640 metres (2,099 feet)" ], [ "Government", "Niwas is part of Niwas Assembly constituency.", "Chainsingh warkade is MLA from here of Indian national congress." ], [ "Transportation", "Niwas is well connected with roads.", "Roadways connecting it from Jabalpur, Mandla, Dindori, Shahpura, and many more city's.", "Daily bus service available from here." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Lithium hexafluorotitanate" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Lithium hexafluorotitanate''' is an inorganic compound of lithium, fluorine, and titanium with the chemical formula ." ], [ "Synthesis", "Interaction of titanium hydroxide or oxide and lithium fluoride with hydrofluoric acid." ], [ "Physical properties", "The compound forms crystals of tetragonal crystal system of ''P42/mnm'' 136 group." ], [ "Chemical properties", "The compound forms hydrates *." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ellinor Hinks" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ellinor Margaret Hinks''' (6 February, 1912 — 18 January, 2004) was a Principal of Nonington College of Physical Education in Kent, UK.", "In her time as Principal, she increased the number of students, expanded the college’s facilities, made it co-educational and built its reputation for dance, gymnastics and movement education.", "She was a photographer and film maker and is considered a 20th century visionary in physical education." ], [ "Education and career", "Hinks was educated at Croham Hurst school, Croydon, Surrey where she became head girl.", "She studied at Bedford College of Physical Education from 1930 to 1933.Her first teaching post was at Queenswood school, Hatfield, Herts where she stayed until 1938.Her second post, from 1938-45, was at Harrow County girls' school.", "From 1944-1950, she lectured at I. M. Marsh College of Physical Education, Liverpool where she started experimenting with her own approaches to gymnastics.", "By 1950, Hinks was Deputy Principal at Nonington College of Physical Education in Kent.", "She became Principal in 1959.At the time, teacher training colleges that specialised in physical education for women were beginning to react against the current Swedish gymnastics system.In the 1960s, she oversaw a rise in student numbers from 200 to nearly 600.Hinks persuaded the local county council to buy farmland for the establishment of new facilities, such as a gymnasium, for which Hinks designed innovatory equipment, a theatre, a swimming pool, laboratories, a sports hall, and a library, which were all gradually built over the next few years.", "The library was opened in 1972.Hinks wanted the college to be co-educational and, in 1966, after years of discussion with the Ministry of Education, the college launched the country's first mixed-sex, physical education teacher training course.", "Hinks also pressed for acceptance of the idea of Art and Science of Movement and Movement Studies as courses at degree level.", "By the late 1960s, Bachelor of Education degree courses started at the college, validated by the London University Institute of Education.", "Hinks made a series of films called ‘Movement in the Making’ which were widely used as teaching aids in colleges and schools." ], [ "Interest in Rudolf von Laban", "Hinks appointed college staff members Sally Archbutt and Hettie Loman, who were followers of Rudolf von Laban, noted for his analysis and notation of movement and educational dance.", "Through her interest in the work of these staff members, Hinks became involved in supporting work based on Laban's ideas.", "She advised Valerie Preston-Dunlop on the development of the Beechmont Movement Centre at Sevenoaks.", "She gave Archbutt leave to study Kinetography with Albrecht Knust at the Folkwangschule in Essen-Werden, Germany.Hinks became friends with Lisa Ullmann and Albrecht Knust, and became a member of the International Council of Kinetography Laban (ICKL), advising on the ICKL Constitution.", "The 1973 Biennial Conference of ICKL was held at Nonington College.", "Hinks worked with Ullman for many years to sort and catalogue the Laban Archive and continued this work after Ullman’s death.", "Hinks also became responsible for Ullman’s archive.", "Both archives are found in The National Resource Centre for Dance in the University of Surrey, Guildford.", "Hinks helped to set up the Lisa Ullmann Travelling Scholarship Fund (LUTSF), later being its Patron as well as Patron of the Laban Guild.Hinks was also an artist, as evidenced in her photographic work.", "She photographed and filmed much of Hettie Loman’s professional choreographic work and helped Archbutt with the Hettie Loman Archive." ], [ "Beyond the college", "Hinks was the founder President of the Canterbury branch of Soroptimist International from 1961–1963.She retired from Nonington College in 1974.The college was closed down in 1986, due to cuts in higher education funding.", "Hinks held many positions in the Physical Education/Movement world including: Chair of the Association of Principals of Women's Colleges of Physical Education (1971-74), Chair of the British Council of Physical Education (1973), President of the Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1971-74), and chaired ICKL conferences.", "Hinks was also a Patron and supporter of many organisations including the World Wildlife Fund, National Trust, Royal Horticultural Society, Redwings Horse Sanctuary, RSPCA, Royal Lifeboat Institute, Tollers’ Design Centre, Croham Hurst School, Centre for Dance and Related Arts and the Laban Guild." ], [ "Legacy", "In 2004, the year of Hinks’ death, a special scholarship was awarded in her memory by LUTSF allowing two women to travel to Bangladesh to visit the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed and, the Sreepur Children’s village." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Paulsen v Slip Knot" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Paulsen and Another v Slip Knot Investments 777 (Pty) Limited''''' is a decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.", "In a judgment delivered on 24 March 2015, a majority of the court overturned the Supreme Court of Appeal's decision in ''Standard Bank v Oneanate'', which had established a ''pendente lite'' exception to the ''in duplum'' rule." ], [ "Background", "In July 2006, the applicants, André and Margaretha Paulsen, signed as sureties on behalf of Winskor in respect of a loan agreement for R12 million, which Winskor intended to use as bridging finance for the development of a portfolio of properties in Brooklyn, Pretoria.", "During the ensuing global financial crisis, Winskor defaulted on the loan; it was in the process of being liquidated in 2010 when the creditor, Slip Knot Investments, instituted proceedings against the Paulsens in the High Court of South Africa.", "Slip Knot claimed that the Paulsens were liable for the capital sum of R12 million and fivefold that amount in accrued interest.Judge André Blignault of the Western Cape Division upheld all of Slip Knot's claims in February 2012, but the Paulsens obtained leave to appeal to a full bench of the division.", "Writing on behalf of the full bench, Judge Willem Louw held in February 2013 that, ''contra'' Blignaut, the Paulsens were correct that the ''in duplum'' rule limited their liability for the payment of interest.", "The Paulsens appealed again, contending that Slip Knot's claim should be dismissed entirely rather than limited, and Slip Knot likewise cross-appealed the unfavourable decision on its claims for interest.", "On 25 March 2014, the Supreme Court of Appeal upheld the cross-appeal, reversing the Paulsen's partial success before the full High Court; relying on Judge of Appeal Ralph Zulman's judgment in ''Standard Bank v Oneanate'', Judge of Appeal Malcolm Wallis held for the majority that the ''in duplum'' rule is suspended ''pendente lite.", "''The Paulsens appealed to the Constitutional Court of South Africa, where the matter was heard on 16 September 2014 and decided on 24 March 2015." ], [ "Judgments", "The Constitutional Court filed three opinions: a main judgment, written by Mbuyiseli Madlanga with the concurrence of Justices Chris Jafta and Bess Nkabinde; a concurring majority judgment, written by Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke and concurred in by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, Justices Sisi Khampepe and Johann van der Westhuizen, and Acting Justice Monica Leeuw; and a dissenting judgment by Justice Edwin Cameron.", "The court was unanimous that it had jurisdiction to hear the matter for reasons outlined in Madlanga's judgment.", "The Constitutional Court's jurisdiction had been amended by the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012, and Madlanga's judgment constituted the court's first attempt to interpret the new section 167(3)(b) of the Constitution, which holds that the court may hear any appeal which it decides \"raises an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by that Court\".On the merits, Madlanga and Moseneke were in agreement that ''Oneanate'' should be overturned, while Cameron held otherwise.", "Moseneke's majority diverged from Madlanga's judgment on the role of the judiciary in developing the common law." ], [ "See also", "* Credit agreements in South Africa" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Juan Mosquera (athlete)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Juan Roso Mosquera Prado''' (born 29 January 1994) is a Panamanian long jumper and triple jumper.He hails from Coclé.", "In age-specific competitions, he had success in regional Central American competitions.", "He finished fifth in the long jump, pool A (13th total) at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games, and at the 2011 World Youth Championships he finished sixth while not reaching the final of the triple jump competition.", "His three gold medals at the 2011 CODICADER Games were also noted by the Panamanian media, in addition to a championship record with a \"15-metre jump\" in the triple jump.", "His official personal bests as a U18 athlete were 7.34 metres and 14.59 metres respectively.As a senior athlete, Mosquera went on to win the gold medal at the 2012 Central American Championships, where he also earned a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay and a 5th place in the triple jump.", "At the 2013 Central American Championships he took a relay gold, a long jump silver and a triple jump bronze.", "At the 2013 Central American Games he took the triple jump silver, as well as a long jump bronze behind compatriots Irving Saladino and Jhamal Bowen.", "Another Central American Championships in 2014 brought him a triple jump bronze and a 5th place in the relay.", "His last age-specific medal was the bronze medal at the 2014 South American Under-23 Championships.", "His personal best marks as a U20 athlete were 7.45 and 15.01 metres respectively, both achieved in 2013.Mosquera won the 2015 Central American Championships and finished 7th at the 2015 South American Championships, took two gold medals at the 2016 Central American Championships (long jump and relay).", "Placing lowly in the triple jump at the 2016 Central American Championships, he bounced back in 2017 to jump 15.44 metres with no wind information in Panama City, then finish 8th at the 2017 Central American Championships, 5th at the 2017 Central American Games and 8th at the 2017 Bolivarian Games – the latter in a lifetime best of 15.04 metres.In the long jump, he won a bronze medal at the 2017 Central American Championships, the gold medal at the 2018 Central American Championships in a lifetime best of 7.73 metres, and finished 8th at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games.", "After several years away from competition he returned with an 8th place at the 2021 Central American Championships." ], [ "References" ], [ "External link", "*'' Sports & Health Magazine''" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Black Council" ], [ "Introduction", "In the history of Ukraine, the Black Council () was a council (''rada'') of Ukrainian Cossacks in which participated a large number of ordinary Cossacks, as well as local commoners (usually a Cossack ''rada'' was convened among the ''Cossack starshyna'').", "The name comes from the Ukrainian word чернь ('''', \"blacks\"), a demeaning term for rank-and-file Cossacks and lowly folk in general, \"plebs\".", "The most famous of these was the Black Council of 1663.Usually Black Rada signified drastic changes among the ''starshyna''." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Juan Mosquera" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Juan Mosquera''' may refer to:Juan José Chaux Mosquera (1957–2021), Colombian lawyer, politician and diplomatJuan Carlos Mosquera (born 1982), Colombian footballerJuan Mosquera (footballer, born 1996), Colombian footballerJuan David Mosquera (born 2002), Colombian footballerJuan Mosquera (athlete) (born 1994), Panamanian athlete" ], [ "See also", "Juana Mosquera, athlete (born 1950)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Vinay Kumar G.B" ], [ "Introduction", " ''' Vinay Kumar G.B''' (born 4 May 1984) is an Indian politician from the state of Karnataka.", "He is a leader of Indian National Congress.", "Also He is the founder and director of InsightsIAS academy, which has its Head office in Bangalore." ], [ "Career", "He studied at Javahar Navodaya vidyalaya in Chitradurga.", "Earlier He worked as Panchayat Development Officer at Mysore, before his journey through InsightsIAS academy.", "He is a KPCC member and Vice president of Indian Youth Congress Karnataka Outreach Cell." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Rodney Tweet" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Rodney Lee Tweet''' (born February 20, 1964) is a former American football wide receiver who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL).", "He played college football at University of South Dakota." ], [ "References" ], [ "Further reading", "* * *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ed Hawthorne" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Edward William Hawthorne''' (born July 30, 1970) is a former American football defensive back who played for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).", "He played college football at University of Minnesota." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Yoshihiro Kikuhime" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Yoshihiro Kikuhime''' (吉弘菊姫, d. November 4, 1595) was a Japanese noble woman member of the Ōtomo clan from the late Sengoku period.", "She was the wife of Ōtomo Yoshimune, the lord of Otomo clan.''''''", "She was also known as \"Justa\" or due to her baptismal name, with her posthumous Buddhist name \"Sonju-in\" (尊寿院) derived from it." ], [ "Life", "Kikuhime's father, Yoshihiro Kanari, was a notable retainer of the Ōtomo clan, while her mother was the daughter of Ōtomo Yoshikane, Yoshimune's grandfather, making her the sister of Takahashi Shigetane and the aunt of Yoshihiro Noriyuki and Tachibana Muneshige.", "She was also referred to as Ōtomo Justa or Yoshihiro Justa adopting the surname of her original family.She had four children with Yoshimune, though she herself was initially frail.", "In 1587, she converted to Christianity under the influence of her father-in-law, Ōtomo Sōrin, and was baptized with the name \"Justa.\"", "Her son was named \"Furuzenshio,\" while her daughters were named \"Sabina\" and \"Maxima.", "\"During the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Kikuhime was sent to Osaka by the order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and became a hostage at the Otomo residence in Osaka Castle.", "However, in 1593, following the disgrace of her husband, Yoshimune, who had faltered as a military commander during the Invasion of Korea, she was expelled from Osaka.", "Denied the opportunity to accompany her husband into exile, she faced a tragic destiny, wandering through Bungo Province with her three young children, lacking any form of support.Kikuhime journeyed across the entire country with her three young children until they reached Bungo.", "She sought refuge with her nephew, Tachibana Muneshige, who was the lord of Yanagawa Castle, and was given a residence in Zen'in Village in Chikugo Province.", "Despite being taken in by her nephew, she passed away shortly thereafter due to the strain and fatigue that had exacerbated her already delicate health.Despite the prohibition of Christianity at the time, she was buried according to Nichiren Buddhism customs, and her posthumous Buddhist name was \"Sonjuin Den Nissho Daijo.\"", "Her grave is located at Sonjuin Temple in Miyama City, Fukuoka Prefecture.", "The temple was the first Hokke sect temple in the Yanagawa domain." ], [ "Footnotes" ], [ "Sources", "* Kokusho Kankokai, ed. \"", "National Diet Library Digital Collection, Genealogy Overview.", "Volume Two.\"", "Kokusho Kankokai, 1915.", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Olga Barbušová" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Olga Barbušová''' (born 1975) is a Slovak former para table tennis player who competed in international table tennis competitions.", "She is a World and European silver medalist in the singles and has competed at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics." ], [ "Life-changing accident", "When Barbušová was six years old, she was walking with a friend to visit her mother and they were waiting to cross a busy road, her friend pushed her onto the road as she told her to run across the road.", "A truck carrying a trailer full of wood braked suddenly and Barbušová was run over and dragged by the vehicle, her left leg was severely crushed by the impact of the accident.", "She was taken to hospital to amputate her leg." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* * * Olga Barbušová at the" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Cossack starshyna" ], [ "Introduction", "Among Ukrainian Cossacks, ''starshyna'' was a collective noun for admitistrative categories of military officers and state officials.", "In common parlance the term referred to the privileged social stratum of the Cossack society.Sharshyna was subdivided into:General Starshyna (), headed by Hetman (or Quartermaster General as acting Hetman)Quartermaster General (Генеральний обозний)Judge General (Генеральний суддя)Secretary General (Генеральний писар)Adjutant General (Генеральний осавул)Treasurer General (Генеральний підскарбій)Ensign General (Генеральний хорунжий)Bunchuk General (Генеральний бунчужний)Regimental (Polkova) Starshyna, headed by Polkovnyk (Colonel)Regimental Obozni (Quartermaster) () – first Deputy Colonel.", "He was in charge of artillery and fortress fortifications.", "In the absence of a colonel he replaced him, but he was not authorized to issue universal orders (as opposed to the commanding colonel).", "Regimental Judge () – was in charge of a civil court in the ratushaRegimental Osavul () – assistant Colonel in Military AffairsRegimental Khorunzhy () – commander of the \"Khorunzhy Cossacks\", guarding the colonel and the starshina.", "He was in charge of regimental music and was responsible for keeping the khorugv (regiment flag).", "** () – secretaries at the ratusha.", "One was in charge of military affairs, and the other of civilian affairs.", "Starshyna of Hundred (Sotenna) – headed by SotnykSotenny otaman () – the deputy sotnik, implemented the duties of an obozni and a judge on a sotnia levelSotenny Osavul () – assistant sotnik in military affairsSotenny Khorunzhy () – headed the sotnias flagsSotenny Scribe () – a secretaryJunior Starshyna () – headed by Otaman*Administration: , Later, sometime after the Khmelnytsky's Uprising, it was also associated with the Ukrainian nobility which derived out of the officership and the Hetman.04.Polkovnik ukr polku.jpg\|border\|Polkovnyk09.Sotnyk.jpg\|border\|Sotnyk05.Pysar.jpg\|border\|" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Cutting mat" ], [ "Introduction", "Fabric cutting for patchwork with a cutting wheel on a 300 × 300 mm cutting board (with 10 mm grid)A '''cutting mat''' is a mat that is placed between a workpiece to be cut and the surface below (e.g.", "a table) to protect the surface.They are used, amongst other things, in hobby work for precise and clean cuts of paper, cardboard or textiles using a scalpel or rotary cutter.", "They often have grids with a line every 5 or 10 millimeter that can be used to position, aim and measure the workpiece.Examples of uses are textile cutting for patchwork, or paper cutting for art or architecture modeling.", "They are also used as a substrate in vinyl cutters." ], [ "Materials", "Note that the mat is bent after improper storage (50 mm grid)Cutting mats are made in various materials.", "Vinyl chloride (soft or hard plastic) and alkene are the most common materials.", "Many mats are somewhat soft and bendable, and some are marketed as having \"self-healing\" properties.", "Some mats have a magnetic core.", "There are also mats made of glass.=== Wear ===Some cutting mats are marketed as \"self-healing\", but this claimed functioning is not well documented.", "Apparently, such cutting mats have the characteristic that stripes from cuts in the mat are not so easily visible.", "However, this only applies when the cutting blade is moved perpendicular to the surface.", "Ordinary cuts in the plate itself will therefore often not be very visible in the form of surface irregularities even with repeated use, unless the surface cuts are done in a V shape, which, on the other hand, quickly will leave irregularities that make the mat difficult to use.Cutting mats are usually not heat resistant.=== Storage ===Some mats do not tolerate sunlight well, and should therefore not be stored in direct sunlight.", "Mats can bend if they are not stored flat, which may result in them not lying evenly during use." ], [ "Size and grids", "Image of a photo album, where the cutting mat below shows the scale by lines every 10 mm, as well as a color chart being used to document colorsMany cutting mats are plastic sheets in the sizes A4 (297 × 210 mm) or A5 (210 × 148 mm), but there are also larger sheets in A1 (841 × 594 mm, or possibly 900 × 600 mm) or larger.The thickess is in the order of 3 to 5 mm.The grid often has divisions with lines every 5 mm or 10 mm." ], [ "Improvised variants", "For occasional and ad hoc work, one can instead use old newspapers, magazines, cardboard or the like instead of a dedicated cutting mat." ], [ "Other uses", "Cutting boards with grids are sometimes used for scale when taking pictures." ], [ "See also", "* Origami* Cutting board" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Siege of Chyhyryn (1659)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Siege of Chyhyryn (1659)''' — a military clash between Yurii Khmelnytsky's cossacks and the Ivan Vyhovsky's, Danylo Hrek's cossacks." ], [ "Battle", "The first armed conflict in the lands of modern Cherkasy region, which can undoubtedly be attributed to the beginning of the \"Ruin\", was Yurii Khmelnytskyi's campaign against Chyhyryn in November–December 1659.The prerequisite for this action was the refusal of the Chyhyryn garrison and I. Vyhovskyi's wife O. Stetkevychivna to hand over the city to representatives of Yurii Khmelnytskyi, who was elected hetman by the September Malostav Cossack Council.", "The new hetman's forces were opposed by the city's garrison led by D. Hrek, four hundred Cossacks of I. Vyhovskyi, a detachment of German mercenaries; the support of Y. Khmelnytskyi's forces was provided by the Cossacks of K. Kanivets' Chyhyryn regiment.", "The details of the siege are unknown, but an interesting circumstance attracts attention: since most of the hetman's office was located in Chyhyryn, Y. Khmelnytsky had to negotiate with Moscow officials without them.", "This allowed the latter to resort to fraud in order to achieve the conclusion of the Pereyaslav Agreement of 1659, which was unfavourable for the Hetmanate." ], [ "References" ], [ "Sources", "* Коваленко С. Україна під булавою Б. Хмельницького.", "Енциклопедія у 3-х томах / С. Коваленко.", "– К.: Стікс-Ко, 2007.– Т.", "1.– 376 с." ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Saint-Jérôme Church (Toulouse)" ], [ "Introduction", " The '''church of the Sanctuaire Saint-Jérôme''' (former '''chapel of the Pénitents bleus'''), rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Pélissier (former rue des Pénitents bleus), is a church built by the Compagnie royale des Pénitents bleus de Toulouse.", "It was built in the 17th century by architect Pierre Levesville under Louis XIII, the first French king to join the brotherhood.", "The Pénitents bleus called on Toulouse's finest artists to decorate their chapel, which didn't suffer too much during the French Revolution." ], [ "History", "The first meeting of the fraternity was held on September 29, 1575 in the chapel of the Collège Saint-Martial in Toulouse (where the Grand Hôtel de l'Opéra now stands).", "In the year of its foundation, the fraternity moved to the pré Montardy (now rue Montardy), in an unoccupied church belonging to the monks of Saint-Antoine de Vienne (now salle Osète, at the corner of rue Saint-Antoine-du-T, next to the Duranti library), which they dedicated to Saint Jérôme.", "But the owners would reclaim their property, so they had to think about moving.", "They began construction of a new church in 1614, which lasted until 1617.Pierre Hurault, the king's architect, lent the fraternity 3,000 livres to finance the new church.", "Among the signatories to the contracts was Jacques Lemercier, who had been sent to Toulouse in 1613 to take measures for the completion of the Pont-Neuf.", "A ruling by the King's Council on September 11, 1620 obliged the Blue Penitents to return the building to the previous owners, which they did in 1626, after having had the Saint-Jérôme church built.The new chapel was built in 1622 by architect Pierre Levesville.", "The foundation stone was laid by the Bishop of Pamiers, Mgr d'Esparbès de Lussan, on behalf of King Louis XIII.", "The shell of the chapel was completed in 1626.All that remained was to complete the ornamentation.", "As the decoration of the vault had been planned at the same time as the decision to build the chapel, it was probably completed in early 1627, when the fraternity left the former Saint-Jérôme chapel, which had been returned to the monks of Saint-Antoine de Vienne, to move into its \"''esglise à neuf bastie''\".Following the dissolution of the brotherhood in 1792, the chapel became a decadal temple dedicated to the ceremonies of the Supreme Being during the French Revolution, and then a parish church in 1801 under the name of Saint-Jérôme, which it still carries today in the Saint-Jérôme sanctuary since 2016.When the chapel became a parish church in 1805, Toulouse city architect Jacques-Pascal Virebent was commissioned to adapt the building to its new function.", "The chapel had to be enlarged.", "In order to preserve the essence of the original plan, the architect chose to knock down the dividing wall between the chapel and the confraternity meeting room, and to place the high altar in the former confraternity meeting room.", "Above the altar, he placed Guillaume Lethière's painting \"The Allegory of the Cross\" (1788).", "The two rotundas were then covered by plaster domes on lath.", "He built a small hexagonal bell tower between the two rotundas, on the street side.Jean-Louis Ajon designed the pulpit after 1805, based on a drawing by Jacques-Pascal Virebent.", "Two cenotaphs have been erected in memory of François Lucas and Bernard Lange on the right side of the nave, and of Jacques-Pascal Virebent in 1834-1835 on the left side.", "In 1857-1858, architect Henri Bach (1815-1899) had the choir decorated along the same lines as the nave.", "Mathieu, a sculptor from Toulouse, created historiated bas-reliefs.", "The false domes are decorated with paintings by Céroni and Justin Pibou, which have now disappeared.", "The stained glass windows were created by Paul Chalon.The church was listed as a monument historique in 1980." ], [ "Architecture and fittings", "=== Interior ===The church is oriented west to east, with the Bon secours chapel on the north flank and the Très Saint Sacrement chapel, sacristy and St. Joseph chapel on the south flank.==== Organs ====The church has a gallery organ and a choir organ.==== Chapels ====* Notre Dame de Bon Secours chapel, to the left of the central nave, was completely restored in 2009 by the Association pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine de l'Eglise St Jérôme (gilding of the altarpiece, woodwork, baptismal font grilles, restoration of the statue of Notre Dame de Bon Secours, creation of an altar, two polychrome chandeliers and replacement of six stained glass windows).", "* The chapel of the Blessed Sacrament is on the right of the nave.", "* It is followed by the chapel of Saint Joseph, on the same side.==== Le Passage ====The church is unusual in that it has two entrances, one on rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Pélissier and the other on rue de la Pomme.", "They are linked to the church by a gallery known as the \"Passage Saint-Jérôme\", which features a number of showcases displaying ecclesiastical works of art.", "These include a 19th-century vermeil monstrance-reliquary and illuminations by Jean Bourdichon." ], [ "Gallery", "File:Église Saint-Jérôme de Toulouse - ostensoir reliquaire de la Vraie Croix.jpg\|Reliquary Monstrance of the True Cross in the \"Passage Saint-JérômeFile:Église Saint-Jérôme de Toulouse - Chapelle Notre Dame du Bon Secours.jpg\|Notre Dame du Bon Secours chapelFile:Église Saint-Jérôme de Toulouse - Gallery organ.jpg\|Tribune organFile:Église Saint-Jérôme de Toulouse - Nef et Choeur.jpg\|Nave and choirFile:Marie et Jesus porte d'entrée de l'église Saint-Jérome à Toulouse.jpg\|Virgin and Child" ], [ "See also", "* Confraternity of penitents* Pierre Levesville* Jacques Lemercier" ], [ "References" ], [ "Bibliography", "* *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Eighth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila" ], [ "Introduction", "The constituencies of Coahuila (2022)The '''Eighth Federal Electoral District of Coahuila''' is one of the 300 Electoral Districts into which the territory of Mexico is divided and one of the 8 that are located in the State of Coahuila.", "It elects one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first past the post system.The eighth electoral district of Coahuila is made up of 205 electoral sections that correspond to the municipalities of Arteaga, General Cepeda, Matamoros, Parras de la Fuente, Ramos Arizpe, and the south of Torreón and Viesca .", "In it, there is an Electoral Registry of 251,491 people and a nominal list of 248,186 citizens." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Robin Minz" ], [ "Introduction", "Robin Minz (born September 13, 2002) is a non-domestic cricketer.", "After winning an IPL contract for 3.60 crores, a 21-year-old boy from the Gumla area of Jharkhand became the first Adivasi (tribal) cricket player in the league.", "While the Gujrat Titans won him for 3.60 crores, the auction had a base reward of 20 lakhs.", "When he was eight years old, Robin Minz said in an interview conducted in June 2023, he had a great ambition to play cricket." ], [ "Early Life and Background", "Robin Minz was born in the gumla district of Jhardkhand city One day, his father came home and saw him playing with stones, trying to hit with sticks.", "His father made a wooden bat by himself and bought a ball for him to play.", "This is where he started to play cricket but he decided to become a cricketer at the age of eight.He started playing cricket more frequently when he started going to school.", "His father He belongs to a tribal family and does not have a good family background.", "His father stated in an interview that it was very difficult for him to afford the education of his three children.", "He used to borrow money sometimes to fulfil home essentials and needs for the family.", "It was very difficult for his father to purchase expensive cricket gear.", "In one incident, his father went to purchase a cricket kit for Robin, thinking ₹2000 would be enough for a cricket kit.", "But they were surprised to hear that the bat alone costs ₹5,000.Shopkeepers also seemed suspicious, wondering if they could afford to purchase the kit.", "His father borrowed money for it and purchased the kit.", "Despite all these problems in his family, his father didn't stop supporting him.", "He always stood for his son, Robin, to pursue his dreams for cricket.", "Robin's family always knew that he has great knowledge of cricket.Robin Minz's father was also a passionate athlete, and based on his athletic accomplishments, he got a job in the Indian Army.", "After retiring from the army, his father started working at Ranchi's Birsa Munda Airport.", "While working at Ranchi's airport, he meets MS Dhoni.", "When he told MS Dhoni about his kid Robin, Dhoni promised to take Robin in his team Chennai Super Kings.", "'''Dhoni's Statement:- 'If no one takes him, we will.''''" ], [ "References" ], [ "External Links", "* Robin Minzat HDsports.in" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Hamdi Namani" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Hamdi Namani''' (born 16 October 1994) is a Kosovar professional footballer who plays as a Left-back for Football Superleague of Kosovo club Llapi" ], [ "Club career", "===Llapi===Born in Podujevo, in modern-day Kosovo Namani played with Llapi in the Football Superleague of Kosovo He started his career here and made his debut in the Kosovo Super League with Llapi jersey against the opponent Vushtrri, which they won with a score of 0:1 in the first leg.===Drita===On 1 July 2019, Namani signed a three-year contract with Kosovo Superliga club Drita one month later, he made his debut with Drita in the 2019 Football Superleague of Kosovo against Ferizaj.", "where they lost 0:1 at home At the end of the championship, Namani was declared the champion of Kosovo with his team Drita===Return Llapi===On 1 July 2023 he moved to Llapi in July 2023 and made his debut in the first match against his former team Drita where they lost 2-0" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "**" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Sahil Omar" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Sahil Omar''' is a nonexistent person blamed for several crimes and disasters in the United States.", "Starting in late 2023, social media users, often on X, misidentified Omar as the attacker in several mass shootings, including the 2023 University of Nevada, Las Vegas shooting and the 2024 Kansas City parade shooting.", "He was also falsely linked to several non-criminal events, such as the Rainbow Bridge explosion in Niagara Falls, New York, and an explosion in Fort Worth, Texas, that injured 21 people.Omar is often identified as a 44-year-old migrant.", "AFP has linked this misinformation to efforts to blame immigrants for crime and criticize President Joe Biden for his perceived lack of action on illegal immigration." ], [ "See also", "*Sam Hyde, also linked falsely to mass shootings" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Veera (Tamil TV series)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Veera''' is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language television series starring Vaishnavi Arulmozhi, Crizer, Sibbu Suryan and Subiksha Kayarohanam.", "It is scheduled to premiere on Zee Tamil on 26 February 2024, and will air every Monday to Friday at 20:00 and is also available on the digital platform ZEE5." ], [ "Synopsis", "The story of young girl Veera, get married unexpectedly when her brother dies in an accident.", "Her younger sister also lives in the same family.", "In such a situation, what will happen next is expected to be the plot of this serial." ], [ "Cast", "=== Main ===* Vaishnavi Arulmozhi as Veera* Arun Crizer* Sibbu Suryan=== Recurring ===* Subiksha Kayarohanam* Pasanga Sivakumar* Lakshmi* Balaji* Siddarth* Naveen" ], [ "Production", "=== Development ===Initially, the title of the serial was named 'Sivamurugan Textiles'.", "After some reasons the first promo was released in the name of as 'Veera' on 8 February 2024.The show director by Sivasekar.=== Casting ===Vaishnavi Arulmozhi was cast as the female lead Veera, marking his return after ''Peranbu''.", "Arun Crizer was cast as the male lead role, marking his return after ''Rajini'' (2021–2023).", "Sibbu Suryan was cast as in a cameo role.", "Subiksha Kayarohanam was cast as Veera's younger sister.===Release===The first promo was released on 8 February 2024 featuring Vaishnavi Arulmozhi, Crizer, Sibbu Suryan, Subiksha Kayarohanam and Pasanga Sivakumar.The show will airing on Zee Tamil on 26 February 2024 From Monday to Friday, replacing ''Maari'' serial." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Jurandir (footballer, born 1951)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Jurandir de Andrade Arrué''' (11 September 1951 – 26 June 2019), simply known as '''Jurandir''', was a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a left winger." ], [ "Career", "Jurandir stood out for his physical vigor and marking ability, something rare for Brazilian wingers at the time.", "He started his career at EC Novo Hamburgo and played for SER Caxias before arriving at Grêmio in 1978, where he was state champion twice and Brazilian champion.", "He fought historic duels against Paulo Roberto Falcão, playing 112 matches for the club.", "He also played for CD Águila from El Salvador and other clubs in the southern region.Jurandir also made 3 appearances for the Brazil national team in total, during the 1960 Panamerican Championship." ], [ "Honours", ";GrêmioCampeonato Brasileiro: 1981Campeonato Gaúcho: 1979, 1980" ], [ "Death", "Jurandir died on 26 June 2019 at Santa Clara Hospital, Porto Alegre, victim of liver cancer." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Jurandir at ogol.com.br" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Prishtina" ], [ "Introduction", "Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Prishtina - entranceThe '''Faculty of Philosophy''' is the first faculty in Kosovo, established on October 30, 1960, a decade before the founding of the University of Prishtina itself." ], [ "Organisation", "The Faculty of Philosophy is organized into seven departments, which are:* Department of History* Department of Sociology* Department of Philosophy* Department of Psychology* Department of Social Work* Department of Anthropology* Department of Political Science" ], [ "Notable faculty", "* Idriz Ajeti* Zef Mirdita* Edi Shukriu* Fehmi Agani* Pajazit Nushi* Skënder Rizaj* Jashar Rexhepagiq* Aleksandar Stipčević" ], [ "See also", "* Education in Kosovo* List of universities in Kosovo" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Winter Olympics (1986 video game)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Winter Olympics''''' is a 1986 sports video game published by Tynesoft for the Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 16, Commodore Plus/4, and MSX." ], [ "Gameplay", "The game features six events: speed skating, ski jump, bobsleigh, alpine skiing (slalom and downhill), and curling (not available in the Atari version)." ], [ "Reception", "''Commodore User'' called the game \"hugely disappointing\" and said the ski slalom event was the only one with any excitement in it.", "''Computer and Video Games'' praised the graphics as stunning and called it one of the best games for the C16/Plus/4 yet.", "Italian Zzap!", "liked the graphics but didn't like the imprecise controls.", "''Aktueller Software Markt'' said the cover art is the highlight of the program and summarized that it would have been a decent game if it had used the full graphical capabilities of Atari 800.", "''MSX Extra'' called the game outdated in terms of graphics, sound, and motion." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "** ''Winter Olympics'' at Atarimania" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Battle of Zhovnyn (1662)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Battle''' '''of Zhovnyn (1662)''' was a battle between Ukrainian and Moscow troops that took place on 1 April (22 March) near the village of Zhovnyn (now the village of Zhovnyne, Chornobaiv district, Cherkasy region).Hetman Yurii Khmelnytsky, trying to restore his power in the Left Bank of Ukraine, sent a 5,000-strong army led by Col. Ivan Bohun.", "The latter was to force the commanding hetman of the Left Bank of Ukraine, Yakym Somko, to abandon Moscow's protection.", "Somko invited 15,000 Moscow troops led by Prince G. Romodanovsky to help him.At the first stage of the operation, I. Bohun's Cossack regiments recaptured Zhovnyn, Veremiivka, Irkliyiv (now all villages in the Chornobaiv district), Kropyvna (now a village in the Zolotonosha district; all in the Cherkasy region) and other towns in the Middle Dnipro region.", "However, they were soon defeated by the superior forces of Prince G. Romodanovsky near Zhovnyn.", "On 7 April (28 March), the Muscovites stormed Irkliyiv, and a few months later defeated Yuriy Khmelnytsky near Pereyaslav.Despite the victory over the Moscow troops in the Battle of Buzhyn in 1662, Khmelnytsky failed to establish control over the complex military and political situation in Ukraine, and in early 1663 he gave up the hetman's mace.", "The Left Bank came under the rule of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of Moscow." ], [ "Literature", "* Смолій В., Степанков В. Українська національна революція XVII ст.", "(1648–1676 рр.).", "К., 1999." ], [ "Sources", "* Т. В. Чухліб.", "Жовнинська битва 1662" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Françoise Collin" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Françoise Collin''' (8 April 1928, Braine-le-Comte - 1 September 2012) was a Belgian novelist, philosopher and feminist." ], [ "Life", "Françoise Collin published two novels and collaborated on the first series of the magazine ''Luna-Park''.She studied in Paris with Jean Hyppolite and Maurice Merleau-Ponty and defended a thesis in literature and philosophy.She wrote a thesis on Maurice Blanchot.", "She studied women authors including Ingeborg Bachmann, Gertrude Stein and Marieluise Fleisser.", "She was one of the first to introduce Hannah Arendt's work into the French philosophical and feminist fields.She traveled to the United States in 1972, and on her return in 1973 created the first French-language feminist journal, ''Les Cahiers du Grif''.", "She edited with Hedwige Peemans-Poullet ''GRIF-Université des femmes,'' She directed the Grif collection at Minuit editions and the Littérales collection at Tierce editions.", "She contributed to the founding of the ''Revue des femmes-philosophes de l'Unesco'' in 2010." ], [ "Works", "* Le ''Jour fabuleux, Le'' Seuil, 1960.", "* ''Rose qui peut'', Le Seuil, 1963* ''331W20 President's Election'', Transedition, 1975.", "* ''Le Rendez-vous'', Tierce, 1988* ''Le Jardin de Louise'', La Barre du jour 1988* ''On dsemble une ville'', éditions des Femmes, 2008." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Esther Babady" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Esther Ngolela Babady''' is a Congolese-born American microbiologist currently serving as chief of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Clinical Microbiology Service and President of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology." ], [ "Education", "Babady attended the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science for her doctoral studies in biochemistry and molecular biology and post-doctoral studies in clinical microbiology." ], [ "Career and research", "Since 2011, Babady has worked at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, serving as chief of its Clinical Microbiology Service since April 2021.Her research has largely focused on diagnostic microbiology in immunocompromised hosts.In early 2020, Babady developed the first Food and Drug Administration-authorized COVID-19 test used in New York City.", "Her team also developed a saliva test with sensitivity matching nasopharyngeal swabs, minimizing exposure to healthcare workers.", "In recognition of her work, Babady was named on Crain's New York Business' 2021 Empire BCBS Whole Health Heroes list.In 2019, Babady was elected as a fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.", "In June 2019, she became the inaugural co-chair of the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium.", "In February 2021, she was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.", "In July 2022, Babady was appointed President of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology for a two-year term.In 2021, Babady began a five-year term as a Senior Editor for the academic journal ''Microbiology Spectrum'' and currently serves on the editorial boards of ''The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics'' and ''Journal of Clinical Virology''.In July 2023, Babady began a four-year term on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Volksbank Group" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Volksbank Group''' is a cooperative banking group in Austria, whose central entity is Vienna-based '''Volksbank Wien AG'''.", "It includes seven other regional banks (Volksbank Niederösterreich in Lower Austria, in Upper Austria, in Carinthia, in Salzburg, Volksbank Steiermark in Styria, in Tyrol, in Vorarlberg) as well as a specialized bank for the health professions in Austria, the .", "The group has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.The representative association of the Volksbank Group members is the , established in 1872." ], [ "Overview", "There were 35 local Volksbanks in Austria by end of 2015, each of them organized as a cooperative or a corporation.", "By 2017 they merged to 8 regional banks and 2 specialized banks.", "They form an integrated system of banks (Association of Volksbanks) connected through a contract of collaboration.", "Volksbank Wien is the largest regional bank of the association and acts as central entity for the network.", "The central service functions were transferred from to Volksbank Wien AG in July 2015.ÖVAG itself surrendered its banking license.", "The \"remainder of ÖVAG\" subsequently continued to operate as a wind-down entity under the name of immigon portfolioabbau ag.", "Immigon is responsible for ensuring the orderly, active and value-preserving wind-down of its assets." ], [ "See also", "* de Volksbank in the Netherlands* German Cooperative Financial Group" ], [ "Notes" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mekedes Alemeshete" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mekedes Alemeshete Yadeti''' (born 30 March 2006 or 2 January 2000), also spelled '''Mekdes Alemshet''', '''Alemeshete Yadeti''', '''Merkedes Alemeshete Yadeti''', or '''Mekides Alemshet''', is an Ethiopian long-distance runner.", "After winning the ''Desafio Nerja'' and ''Jaén Paraíso Interior'' meetings in Spain, she was one of the top 3000 m performers in 2023, scoring seven points in that discipline of the 2023 Diamond League." ], [ "Career", "Mekedes began racing competitively in 2021, finishing 12th in the 1500 m at the December Ethiopian Athletics Federation club competition behind Hirut Meshesha.", "In 2022, she competed at her first Ethiopian Athletics Championships, finishing 9th in the 1500 m with a 4:17.0 clocking.After being signed to Spanish agent Juan Pedro Pineda de la Losa, Mekedes began racing the international athletics circuit in 2023.Indoors, she finished 7th in the 3000 m at the 2023 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais, running 8:46.70.On 18 May, Mekedes achieved her first circuit win in the 1500 m at the in Nerja followed by winning her 5000 m debut at the Meeting Jaén Paraíso Interior in Andújar.", "This led to her being invited to the 2023 Diamond League meetings in Chorzów, Xiamen, and Brussels, scoring top-8 points in all three events.", "Her 8:36.71 3000 m performance at the Xiamen Diamond League ranked 22nd in the year 2023.In 2024, Mekedes competed at the Meeting Lieven, finishing 11th." ], [ "Personal life", "Mekedes runs under Spanish athletics manager Juan Pedro Pineda, alongside Olympic medallist Gudaf Tsegay." ], [ "Statistics", "===Personal best progression===+ 3000m progression # Mark Competition Venue Date 1 8:46.70 7th Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais Liévin, France 2 8:41.57 8th Kamila Skolimowska Memorial Chorzów, Poland 3 8:36.71 6th Xiamen Diamond League Xiamen, China" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Hershey Cubs" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Hershey Cubs''' were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "The team played at the Hershey Sports Arena and dissolved after one season." ], [ "History", "The Hershey Bears had been members of the Eastern Amateur Hockey League since its inception.", "In 1938, after winning three consecutive league championships, Hershey was invited to join the newly created International-American Hockey League.", "When the Bears left, they did not completely abandon their old conference and Hershey Estates, the team's owners, founded a second team they called the 'Hershey Cubs'.", "The Cubs finished last in the 4-team conference and then withdrew from the league after the season." ], [ "Season-by-season record", "'''''Note:''' GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against'' Season GP W L T Pts GF GA Finish Coach Playoffs 1938–39 53 19 29 5 43 161 192 4th Lloyd Blinco ''none''" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Hershey Cubs Statistics and History" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Joseph Iosifovich Genishta" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Joseph Iosifovich Genishta''' (or '''Osip Osipovich Enishta''', in Russian: Иосиф Иосифович Геништа) was a composer, conductor, and pianist who grew in popularity during the early-19th century prior to the popularization of composers like Mikhail Glinka.", "He was a promoter of the works of Ludwig van Beethoven and was fondly appreciated for his compositional skill by Robert Schumann." ], [ "Education", "It is said that Genisha first received his general education from the \"Noble Boarding School\" as part of the Moscow University in the early 1800s.", "However, this is incorrect due to a conflation of Joseph with his brother, Karl Genisha.", "Beginning in the 1810s, he began studying piano and composition with Johann Wilhelm Gessler and it is speculated, in the account of pianist Anton Kensky, that he also studied with John Field." ], [ "Career", "In 1812, Genishta had his first notable piano performance while additionally having his Piano Quintet No.1 premiered for the first time.", "At the same time, he began his pedagogical career, taking on the position as music teacher within the Trubetskoy family, soon after becoming the music teacher of Sofia Vladimirovna Venevitinova.", "As a teacher, he gained further prominence for his pedagogical methods, taking the etude form and developing it for concert, akin to others like Carl Czerny, Franz Liszt, and Frédéric Chopin.By the start of the 1820s, Genishta had successfully begun making a prominent name for himself in Russian musical circles, being praised for his pianistic skills and increasing compositional competency." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Genishta, Joseph Iosifovich: sheet music of works on the International Music Score Library Project* Genishta, Joseph Iosifovich: Classic-online.ru" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Five Families (Conservative Party)" ], [ "Introduction", "As of 2024, there are a number of factions within the British parliamentary Conservative Party which have the informal name of the \"'''Five Families'''\", named after the Five Families of the New York Mafia.Among the factions that have been described as members of the \"Five Families\" are:* The '''Common Sense Group''', a group of right-wing MPs.", "* The '''Conservative Growth Group''', supporting Liz Truss.", "* The '''European Research Group''', a group of Eurosceptic MPs that promoted Brexit.", "* The '''New Conservatives''', a parliamentary group of predominantly \"Red Wall\" Conservative MPs.", "* The '''No Turning Back''' group, backing Thatcherite policies.", "* The '''Northern Research Group''', consisting of MPs elected to seats in the North." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées''' was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts.", "It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour.", "It took place in Pau, France between 19 and 25 February 2024." ], [ "Singles main-draw entrants", "===Seeds=== Country Player Rank1 SeedJurij Rodionov881Arthur Rinderknech892Brandon Nakashima923Grégoire Barrère1104Quentin Halys1115Benoît Paire1126Harold Mayot1317David Goffin1338* 1 Rankings are as of 12 February 2024.===Other entrants===The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:* Charlie Camus* Kyle Edmund* Lucas PouilleThe following players received entry into the singles main draw as special exempts:* Clément Chidekh* Matteo MartineauThe following players received entry from the qualifying draw:* Altuğ Çelikbilek* Egor Gerasimov* Strong Kirchheimer* Tristan Lamasine* Hazem Naw* James Trotter" ], [ "Champions", "===Singles===* vs. ===Doubles===* / vs. /" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Frontbench Team" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Frontbench Team''' is a political term used in the Westminster system of government.", "It is used to describe the senior leadership of opposition parliamentarians in the British House of Commons and the Dáil Éireann." ], [ "United Kingdom", "+Political partyFrontbench TeamYearsLiberal Party (UK)Liberal Party Frontbench Team, 1945–1956Liberal Party Frontbench Team, 1956–1967Liberal Party Frontbench Team, 1967–1976Liberal Party Frontbench Team, 1976–1988Liberal Democrats (UK)Liberal Democrat frontbench teamFrontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown1988-1999Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy1999-2006Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell2006-2007Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg2007-2010First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable2007Frontbench Team of Tim Farron2015-17Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable2017–19Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson2019Frontbench Team of Ed Davey2020-presentLabour Party (UK)Opposition frontbench of Keir Starmer2020-presentScottish National PartyScottish National Party frontbench teamFrontbench Team of Angus Robertson2015-2017Frontbench Team of Ian Blackford2017-2021Frontbench Team of Stephen Flynn2021-presentChange UKChange UK Frontbench team2019" ], [ "Ireland", "* Frontbench team of Pat Rabbitte* Frontbench team of Eamon Gilmore* Frontbench team of Enda Kenny* Frontbench team of Gerry Adams" ], [ "References" ], [ "See also", "* British Government frontbench* Official Opposition frontbench* Opposition Shadow Cabinets of the Scottish Parliament* Shadow cabinet" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Richard Blanco (politician)" ], [ "Introduction", " '''Richard Blanco''' (27 December 1964) is a Venezuelan politician, current deputy of the National Assembly and president of the Fearless People's Alliance party." ], [ "Career", "Richard Blanco graduated with a degree in social communication from Cecilio Acosta Catholic University and studied law at the Universidad Santa María.", "He has been the president of the Fearless People's Alliance party and a columnist for the newspaper El Nacional.", "He was general coordinator of the prefecture of the former governor's office of the Capital District in 1992, general director of municipal cemeteries between 1996 and 1999, director of citizen management of the mayor's office of Caracas between 1999 and 2001 and prefect of Caracas under the municipal administration of Antonio Ledezma between 2008 and 2009.Richard was arrested in Caracas in August 2009 on charges of inciting violence and injuring a police officer during a demonstration.", "Amnesty International stated that \"his detention appeared to be politically motivated\", stating that the video evidence offered to prove his charges did not show any evidence of violence or incitement by Blanco.", "The organization called for his release.", "He was released on bail in April 2010.He was a member of the National Assembly for the 2011–201 term.", "He was afterwards re-elected for the period 2016–2021.He was president of the Permanent Commission of Cults and Penitentiary Regime of the National Assembly of Venezuela in 2016 and 2017.In 2018 he was appointed head of fraction of the ''Soy Venezuela'' alliance in the National Assembly (''16 de Julio'' faction) until 2019, when he is succeeded by Convergencia militant, Biagio Pilieri." ], [ "See also", "* III National Assembly of Venezuela* IV National Assembly of Venezuela* Political prisoners in Venezuela" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Shema Seal" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Shema Seal''' is an ancient Jasper seal that dates back to the 8th century BCE and mentions the King of ancient Israel, Jeroboam." ], [ "Discovery", "Archaeologist Gottlieb Schumacher and his team began excavating at Megiddo and found the seal during a three-year excavation program.", "The seal was discovered in 1904, in an excavation dump.", "The layers in which it was found were dated to the eighth century BCE.", "Schumacher send the original seal to Istanbul but it never returned.", "Its current location is unknown.", "A bronze cast made before it was sent away." ], [ "Bulla", "In the 1980s Yigal Ronen, a nuclear engineer and amateur antiquities collector from the Ben Gurion university , visited the Bedouin market in Be'er Sheva.", "He was offered a tiny clay lump stamped with the image of a roaring lion and ancient Hebrew writing.", "Ronen bought it for around 10 Shekels, even though suspecting it to be a forgery.It turned out to be authentical.", "It is not the original Meggido seal, but features the same images and dates from the same period as the original." ], [ "Text", "“Belonging to Shema (שמע) the servant of Jeroboam.”" ], [ "See also", "* List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology* Governor of Jerusalem SealKingdom of Israel (Samaria)Kingdom of JudahKings of ancient Israel and Judah" ], [ "References" ], [ "Bibliography", " https://www.biblehistory.net/jeroboam.html* https://paulwmanuel.blogspot.com/2017/12/digging-up-bible-shema-seal_15.html* https://biblearchaeology.org/current-events-list/4763-scholar-claims-to-authenticate-the-bulla-of-servant-of-king-jeroboam-ii" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "James Stevenson (Pennsylvania politician)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''James Stevenson''' (1740–1813) (also spelled '''Stephenson''') was an American politician from Virginia that would go on to represent the 18th district in the Pennsylvania State Senate, as well as representing Washington County in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a Democratic-Republican.", "Stevenson was one of the close childhood friends of George Washington and served as a Captain during the American Revolutionary War for the Continental Army." ], [ "Biography", "James Stephenson was born in Frederick County, Virginia, in what is now Berkeley County, West Virginia, in 1740 to Richard and Honora Stephenson ''née'' Grymes.", "In 1767 Stephenson married Rachel Stephenson ''née'' McKeevers and the couple had two sons, Moses, and William, and a daughter Theodosia.", "Stephenson was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War serving as a Captain and paymaster of the 13th Virginia Regiment.", "James also had a brother, William Stephenson, who served as a Lieutenant during the Illinois campaign under George Rogers Clark.", "Stephenson also had a half brother, William Crawford a war-hero from the French and Indian War who led the ill-fated Crawford expedition, resulting in his defeat at the Sandusky and subsequent capture by the Delaware Nation who tortured him for two hours before burning him at a stake.", "Crawford was the son of Honora to her earlier husband, Hugh Crawford, an Indian trader.", "Prior to Crawford's death, a young George Washington would often visit the Stephenson household, and would become a childhood friend of James.In 1781 Stephenson left Virginia for Western Pennsylvania due to the vast abundance of cheap land taking with him his only slave named \"Fortune\" who was previously owned by George Washington and was given to Stephenson as a gift.", "Stephenson and Fortune traveled on foot the entire distance and established a 500-acre farm and built a cabin on the property before leaving Fortune in charge of the estate by himself and returned to Virginia to make the trip again but with his family.", "On December 14, 1789, Stephenson's wife Rachel died and he remarried to one Martha ''née'' Barr, the couple had four sons, Benjamin \"James\", Richard, Joseph, and John, as well as a daughter Achsah.Stephenson's first entry into politics was an unsuccessful bid for Washington County commissioner in 1792.He would be elected as a Conventionalist Democratic-Republican to the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1806 to 1808 when he was elected to the Pennsylvania state senate for the 18th district for a single term from 1808 to 1810.After a brief hiatus he returned to the house from 1814 to 1816.After-which he would unsuccessfully run for Sheriff of Washington county in 1820.There is a discrepancy in Stephenson's death, as he was reported dead in May 1813, however, he would stand for four subsequent elections from 1814 to 1820.Stephenson is buried in the Cross Creek cemetery.", "Stephenson's second wife Martha would die in 1816." ], [ "Electoral history" ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Pune Challenger" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Pune Challenger''' was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts.", "It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour.", "It took place in Pune, India from 19 to 25 February 2024." ], [ "Singles main-draw entrants", "===Seeds=== Country Player Rank1 SeedSumit Nagal981Duje Ajduković1252Adam Walton1533Valentin Vacherot1734Dalibor Svrčina1745Oliver Crawford1906Dane Sweeny1947Federico Gaio2028* 1 Rankings are as of 12 February 2024.===Other entrants===The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:* Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha* Ramkumar Ramanathan* Mukund SasikumarThe following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:* Philip SekulicThe following players received entry from the qualifying draw:* Raphaël Collignon* Sebastian Fanselow* Felix Gill* Vasek Pospisil* Bernard Tomic* Alexey Zakharov" ], [ "Champions", "===Singles===* vs. ===Doubles===* / vs. /" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "New Haven Eagles (EHL)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''New Haven Eagles''' were a minor professional ice hockey team based in New Haven, Connecticut.", "The team played at the New Haven Arena played just 12 games during World War II." ], [ "History", "The New Haven Eagles were a minor professional team that began play when the New Haven Arena was rebuilt in 1926.The team played continually until 1943 when they suspended play for the duration of World War II.", "In their absence, the Eastern Amateur Hockey League stepped in and founded a new team to take up residency at the Arena.", "Hoping to cash in on name recognition, the new team used the same name as the original franchise but otherwise had no connection to the AHL team.", "The team brought former Eagle player Normand Shay out of retirement to coach the club but, unfortunately, they had no on-ice success.", "The Eagles won just once in their first 12 games and then withdrew from the league in the middle of the season." ], [ "Season-by-season record", "'''''Note:''' GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against'' Season GP W L T Pts GF GA Finish Coach Playoffs 1943–44 12 1 11 0 2 35 76 ''withdrew'' Normand Shay —" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* New Haven Eagles Statistics and History" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Vesoul (song)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Vesoul''''' is a 1968 French song by Belgian singer-songwriter Jacques Brel.", "It has been covered in the original French by many French and international artists.", "Named after the French town Vesoul (eastern part of France), the song remains one of Brel's most famous song.The town of Vesoul" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Bernard Belin, ''Jacques Brel, T'as voulu voir Vesoul…!", "'', F-C Culture & Patrimoine (Franche-Comté / Vesoul-Edition), 2013" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Tenerife Challenger II" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Tenerife Challenger II''' was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts.", "It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour.", "It took place in Tenerife, Spain between 19 and 25 February 2024." ], [ "Singles main-draw entrants", "===Seeds=== Country Player Rank1 SeedZsombor Piros1281Jesper de Jong1412Pablo Llamas Ruiz1473Filip Misolic1624Matteo Gigante1835Ilya Ivashka1866Santiago Rodríguez Taverna1967Franco Agamenone2058* 1 Rankings are as of 12 February 2024.===Other entrants===The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:* Martín Landaluce* Nikolás Sánchez Izquierdo* Richard ZusmanThe following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:* Mitchell Krueger* Henrique RochaThe following players received entry from the qualifying draw:* Adrian Andreev* Raúl Brancaccio* Steven Diez* Giovanni Fonio* August Holmgren* David Jordà SanchisThe following players received entry as lucky losers:* Salvatore Caruso* Daniel Michalski" ], [ "Champions", "===Singles===* vs. ===Doubles===* / vs. /" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Lazuli (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "Lapis lazuli, also referred to as '''lazuli''', is a metamorphic rock'''Lazuli''' may also refer to:* Lazuli (French band)* ''Lazuli'' (album), by Sam Rivers, 1990* \"Lazuli\", a song by Beach House from the album ''Bloom'', 2012" ], [ "Other uses", "* The Lazuli, a family of meerkats in ''Meerkat Manor''" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Johan Ghazali" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Johan Ghazli''' or simply known as '''Jojo''' is a Malaysian Muay Thai fighter." ], [ "Muay Thai record", " 2023-12-08 Win Edgar Tabares ONE Friday Fights 17 Bangkok, Thailand KO 1 0:36 2023-10-06 Win Temirlan Bekmurzaev ONE Friday Fights 36 Bangkok, Thailand KO 2 2:43 2023-07-14 Win Samurai Seeopal ONE Friday Fights 25 Bangkok, Thailand KO 3 3:00 2023-05-26 Win Tai Sor Jor Piek Uthai ONE Friday Fights 18 Bangkok, Thailand KO (punch) 3 1:37 2023-02-24 Win Padetsuk Fairtex ONE Friday Fights 6 Bangkok, Thailand KO 1 0:16" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mauro Bravo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mauro Bravo Fernández''' (born 30 July 1999) is a Spanish footballer currently playing as a forward for Brazilian side Amazonas." ], [ "Club career", "===Collegiate soccer===Born in Madrid, Spain, Bravo began his career in the academy of Atlético Madrid, before a stint with Irish side Greystones United.", "He returned to Spain, spending time with amateur side Villanueva del Pardillo, as well as Rayo Majadahonda and Leganés, before joining the academy of Alcorcón.", "He left Alcorcón to move to the United States in 2018, enrolling at the Iona University, where he joined their soccer team: ''the Gaels''.", "In 2020, he transferred to the Florida International University, where he played for ''the Panthers''.===Professional career===Following his senior year, he was offered a contract with MLS Next Pro side Orlando City B.", "However, after less than a year with the club, he left for Greece, joining Irodotos of the Super League Greece 2.Following one appearance for Irodotos, he was released by the club in January 2023.Later in the same month, he moved to Bahrain, signing for Al-Riffa, where he would go on to score one goal, in a 7–0 win against Al-Budaiya.", "He left Al-Riffa following the expiration of his contract in July 2023.In August 2023, Bravo was reported to have signed a professional contract with Brazilian Série B side Londrina.", "The move was made official two weeks later, with Bravo signing a deal until the end of the 2023 season.", "Following two appearances, Bravo left the club following the expiration of his contract, returning to Spain, but stating that he would \"definitely go back to Brazil\" if offered the chance.In January 2024, Bravo returned to Brazil, joining Amazonas." ], [ "Career statistics", "===Club===+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competitionClubSeasonLeagueCupOtherTotal DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsOrlando City B2022MLS Next Pro71–0071Irodotos2022–23Super League Greece 210000010Londrina2023Série B20000020Amazonas202400000000'''Career total'''1110000111;Notes" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Brooklyn Crescents (EHL)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Brooklyn Crescents''' were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Brooklyn, New York.", "The team played at the Brooklyn Ice Palace for one season during World War II." ], [ "History", "In 1943, the Eastern Amateur Hockey League began the year with five teams, losing three form the previous year due to the war.", "By early December, two of the franchises had withdrawn, leaving just three clubs left in operation.", "Knowing that the league could not survive with so few teams, the league swiftly cobbled together a fourth team and called it the 'Brooklyn Crescents'.", "The roster was made up entirely of players donated from the other three teams, much to the chagrin of the players themselves.", "The team immediately assumed the place of the New Haven Eagles and entered the league on December 5.Brooklyn ended up with a terrible record, winning just 5 of their 45 games.", "During their lone season, the team was coached by 5 different people, all of whom were on temporary loan from the New York Rangers.", "Among that group were the team's leading scorer, Hank D'Amore, as well as Hockey Hall of Famers Frank Boucher and Lester Patrick." ], [ "Season-by-season record", "'''''Note:''' GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against'' Season GP W L T Pts GF GA Finish Coach Playoffs 1943–44 45 5 34 6 16 - - 4th Hank D'Amore / Tom Dewar / Frank Boucher / Lester Patrick / Howie McHugh ''none''" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* New Haven Eagles Statistics and History" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Cassidy/JLU orthography" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Cassidy/JLU orthography''' is a phonetic system for writing Jamaican Patois originally developed by the linguist Frederic Cassidy.", "It is used as the writing system for the Jamaican Wikipedia, known in Patois, and written using the Cassidy/JLU system, as the ''Jumiekan Patwa Wikipidia''." ], [ "Background", "Patois has long been written with various respellings compared to English so that, for example, the word \"there\" might be written , , or , and the word \"three\" as , , or .", "Standard English spelling is often used and a nonstandard spelling sometimes becomes widespread even though it is neither phonetic nor standard (e.g.", "for , 'child')." ], [ "Creation", "Cassidy advocated for creole languages to use an orthography, or writing style, that did not rely on European spelling conventions.Cassidy's orthography, initially proposed in 1961, uses a phonemic system that closely reproduces the sound of the language.", "The Cassidy System was later adopted and modified by the Jamaican Language Unit (JLU) at the University of the West Indies." ], [ "Development", "In 2002, the Jamaican Language Unit was set up at the University of the West Indies at Mona to begin standardizing the language, with the aim of supporting non-English-speaking Jamaicans according to their constitutional guarantees of equal rights, as services of the state are normally provided in English, which a significant portion of the population cannot speak fluently.", "The vast majority of such persons are speakers of Jamaican Patois.", "It was argued that failure to provide services of the state in a language in such general use or discriminatory treatment by officers of the state based on the inability of a citizen to use English violates the rights of citizens.", "The proposal was made that freedom from discrimination on the ground of language be inserted into the Charter of Rights." ], [ "Comparison with standard English", "The JLU standardized the Jamaican alphabet as follows:+ Short vowels Letter Patois English i sik sick e bel bell a ban band o kot cut u kuk cook+ Long vowels Letter Patois English ii tii tea aa baal ball uu shuut shoot+ Diphthongs Letter Patois English kiek cake uo gruo grow ai bait bite ou kou cowNasal vowels are written with ''-hn'', as in ''kyaahn'' (can't) and ''iihn'' (isn't it?", ")+ Consonants Letter Patois English b biek bake d daag dog ch choch church f fuud food g guot goat h hen hen j joj judge k kait kite l liin lean m man man n nais nice ng sing sing p piil peel r ron run s sik sick sh shout shout t tuu two v vuot vote w wail wild y yong young z zuu zoo zh vorzhan version''h'' is written according to local pronunciation, so that ''hen'' (hen) and ''en'' (end) are distinguished in writing for speakers of western Jamaican, but not for those of central Jamaican." ], [ "Publications", "In 2012 the Bible Society, in collaboration with the JLU, translated the New Testament into Jamaican using the Cassidy orthography, it was published as ''Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment.''" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "YWCA Building (Bellingham, Washington)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''YWCA Building''' is a historic Young Women's Christian Association building Bellingham, Washington that was completed in 1915.It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and continues to be used by the '''Bellingham YWCA'''." ], [ "History", "In 1899, the first YWCA presence in Bellingham formed as a club at the New Whatcom Normal School, what is now Western Washington University.", "A formal chapter was formed in 1907 which focused on helping women from overseas and rural areas find employment at a time when many new arrivals were tricked or coerced into prostitution.", "Charles X. and Frances Larrabee donated the land and underwrote construction of the building which was finished in 1915.Today, the organization provides low cost apartments with a shared kitchen, bathroom and laundry in conjunction with support programs to help women.", "There is a retail Y's Buys thrift shop on site.", "The organization also runs a \"low barrier\" emergency shelter at the First Presbyterian Church where clients are not required to participate in their programs." ], [ "Architecture", "Seattle architect Carl Frelinghuysen Gould was hired to design the three-and-a-half-story palazzo overlooking Bellingham Bay.", "The structure is usually described as Colonial Revival, but is eclectic with elements of Georgian Revival, Queen Anne, and Italian Renaissance Revival architecture.", "The entrance has a portico with Doric columns and the roof has eyebrow dormers.", "The brick is in a Flemish bond pattern except for the friezes above the entrance which use herringbone bond." ], [ "See also", "* List of YWCA buildings* YWCA Building (Seattle)* YWCA Building (Yakima, Washington)* National Register of Historic Places listings in Whatcom County, Washington" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* YWCA Bellingham" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles" ], [ "Introduction", "Daniil Medvedev was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began." ], [ "Seeds", "The top four seeds received a bye into the second round." ], [ "Draw", "===Finals======Top half======Bottom half===" ], [ "Qualifying", "===Seeds======Qualifiers======Lucky loser======Qualifying draw=======First qualifier========Second qualifier========Third qualifier========Fourth qualifier====" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Main draw* Qualifying draw" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Saul Jarcho" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Saul Wallenstein Jarcho''', M.D.", "(October 25, 1906, New York City – September 10, 2000) was an American internist and historian of medicine.", "He is known for the eponymous Jarcho-Levin syndrome and, to a much lesser extent, Jarcho's syndrome." ], [ "Biography", "Before entering college, Saul Jarcho studied German, French, and Latin, as well as ancient and modern Hebrew.", "In 1921, just before his 15th birthday, he matriculated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1925.He then became a graduate student at Columbia University.", "There he graduated in 1926 with a master's degree in Latin and also studied advanced Anglo-Saxon and the history of Italian painting.", "He spent the summer of 1926 at the American Academy in Rome, where he studied ancient monuments and gained enthusiasm for learning Italian.", "From 1926 to 1930 he attended medical school at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.After receiving his medical degree, Jarcho spent the summer of 1930 at Puerto Rico's School of Tropical Medicine.", "Later in career he also spent the summers of 1938 and 1941 there.", "Beginning in autumn 1930 he spent four months as an assistant house surgeon at the New York Lying-In Hospital.", "From 1931 to 1933 he interned for 30 months as a house physician at Manhattan's Mount Sinai Hospital.", "For one year from 1933 to 1934 at Mount Sinai Hospital, he served as assistant in pathology under Dr. Paul Klemperer.", "A minor part of Jarcho's duty was to assist in preparation of specimens for the hospital's outstanding anatomical museum (which was eliminated in 1974).", "For two years from 1934 to 1936 he was an assistant and instructor in pathology at the pathology department of Johns Hopkins University.", "There he was supervised by William George MacCallum and Arnold Rice Rich.", "Returning to Manhattan in 1936, Jarcho entered medical practice and became a part-time instructor in pathology at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and also a physician working at Mount Sinai Hospital.", "In 1940 he was elected a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine.In 1940, Mount Sinai Hospital established a military unit and Jarcho began the study of Arabic.", "He became an advanced student in colloquial Egyptian Arabic, given in a course at Columbia University and supported but the Intensive Language Program of the American Council of Learned Societies.", "He began military service in October 1942 as a captain in the U.S. Army and was discharged in June 1946 with the rank of lieutenant colonel.", "Most of his service was in the Medical Ineglligence Division, of which he became commander in late 1945.About three years later, in October 1948, he married Irma Seijo (1918–2014), who was a research analyst from 1945 to 1948 in Latin American Medical Intelligence for the United States Army's Surgeon General's Office.", "She was a bacteriologist and science educator.In 1946 Saul Jarcho returned to medical practice in the Medical Department of Mount Sinai Hospital and teaching at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.", "For 2 years, beginning in 1949, he was in charge of cardiovascular research.", "He retired in 1980.He was the author of more than 200 articles in scholarly journals and more than 60 book reviews.", "From 1967 to 1977 he served as editor-in-chief of the ''Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine''.", "For more than 20 years he was the USA's most prolific historian of cardiology.", "From 1958 to 1976 he contributed many historical articles to the American Journal of Cardiology.", "In 1968 and 1969 he was the president of the American Association for the History of Medicine.", "He was a leading expert on paleopathology.", "Jarcho was well aware that for most Americans untranslated works remain unread, so he made a lifelong effort to translate important medical literature ranging from classical antiquity to the recent past.", "Most of his papers are stored at the National Library of Medicine.In 1963 he was awarded the William H. Welch Medal from the American Association for the History of Medicine.", "In 1995 the American Institute of the History of Pharmacy (AIHP) awarded him the George Urdang Medal." ], [ "Death notice published prematurely", "In January 1998, Saul Jarcho's cousin Israel Saul (I. Saul) Jarcho died at age 90, and the ''New York Times'' published a paid death notice on Saturday, January 10, 1998.The alumni director at the Mount Sinai Alumni Associations mistakenly assumed that the death notice was for the 91-year-old Saul Jarcho and called in a death notice with biographical details about Saul Jarcho's career as an internist and medical historian.", "The New York Times published the erroneous death notice on Tuesday, January 13, 1998, and then a correction on Thursday, January 15, 1998." ], [ "Family", "Saul Jarcho had a sister Grace Edith (Jarcho) Ross (1913–2010) and a brother Leonard W. Jarcho (1916–1996).", "The father of the three siblings was Julius Jarcho (1882–1963), a distinguished obstetrician and a generous donor to medical libraries in Israel.", "Leonard W. Jarcho, a physician and professor of neurology, had three sons, one of whom, John Adams Jarcho, became a physician.", "John A. Jarcho (1957–2022) was deputy editor for cardiology on the editorial staff of the ''New England Journal of Medicine''.", "Saul Jarcho and his wife Irma had two sons: Thomas and Andrew.", "Julia Jarcho, a noted playwright, is the daughter of Thomas Jarcho." ], [ "Selected publications", "* * * (See John Mitchell, Benjamin Rush, and 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic.", ")* .", "(See Leopold Auenbrugger, René Laennec, and John Keats.", ")* (See Charles Locock.", ")* * * * * (See Francesco Contarini.", ")* (See Tolland Man.", ")* * * * (See Steven Blankaart.", ")* * ===Books===* * * * * ; book details at Harvard University Press* * * ; University of Bologna MS 2089-1* * * " ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Street names in Białystok" ], [ "Introduction", "'''The names of the streets in Białystok''', capital of Podlaskie Voivodeship in north-east Poland are result of historical, political, geographical and symbolical reasons.", "Throughout its history, the city was ruled by different countries and political regimes which led to various streets to be renamed more than once.", "Streets in Białystok, as elsewhere in Poland can be categorized by different topics, such as streets named after persons, historical events, geographical places and symbolic names." ], [ "Overview", "The main arteries in Białystok are often named after important persons and historical events.", "Some of the persons are connected with national events while others closely related with local history.", "Examples of streets named after persons and events at the national level include:Piłsudskiego - Polish politician, founder of the Second Polish RepublicMickiewicza - Polish revolutionarySienkiewicza - Polish revolutionary 11 Listopada - the date marking the National Independence Day of Poland Marii-Sklodowskiej - Polish scientistWyszynskiego - Polish cardinalLegionowa - commemorating the Polish Legions in World War IJana Pawła II - Polish Pope of the Roman Catholic ChurchOther streets are named after persons connected to the local history and events:* Branickiego - named after Jan Klemens Branicki, a local ruler* Elektryczna - named after the first powerplant in Białystok which was situated in the crossroad of Elektryczna and Branickiego streets.", "* Kaczorowskiego - named after president Ryszard Kaczorowski who was spending his childhood in Piaski District of the city.", "* Liniarskiego - named after Władysław Liniarski who fought in the Home Army in Białystok area* Marjańskiego - named after Józef Marjański who fought in the Toggle the table of contents 1920 Battle of Białystok.", "* Malmeda - named after Icchok Malmed who was prisoned in the Białystok Ghetto and killed German officers.", "* Sosnowskiego - named after architect Oskar Sosnowski who planned among others Św.", "Rocha Church.Some streets preserve in their name their original purpose, as a road leading to other places:* Suraska - remnant of the ancient way which led to Suraż.", "* Wasilkowska - named after the road leading to Wasilków.", "* Pałacowa - the road which led to Branicki Palace.", "* Towarowa - due to the proximity of the Białystok Fabryczny Train Station, which was used to transport freight.", "* Skrajna - the old road to Wysoki Stoczek passed there, and the name preserved in that street, together with its extension, Lniana street.In other districts of Białystok there are cases neighbouring streets which bear names of related topics, for example streets with names related to flowers in Dziesięciny I District or names related to stars and cosmos in Bacieczki District.In the decades after the war, as part of the massive re-construction and development efforts which followed the mass destruction, large number of pre-war streets were erased from the map during the demolishing and construction and widening of new streets.", "Such names include them are Siedlecka, Cicha, Orlańska, Piesza, Szlachecka, Mińska, Syjońska, Palestyńska, Jasna, Kacza, Kosynierska, Różańska, Chmielna, Chmielna, Górna, Smolna, Łódzka, Niecala, Smutna, Rabińska, Chazanowicza, Tykocińska, Jastrzębia, Dobrzyniewska, Alta, Sportowa, Koszarowa, Zamkowa, Fastowska, Ciemna, Widna, Głucha, Zalewna, Mokra, Gęsia, Bożnicza, Opatowska, Bażantarska, Szkolna, Ceglana, Ordynarska, Stolarska, Czackiego, Alejowa, Skidelska, Indurska, Sienna, Berdyczowska, Wołkowyska, Książęca, Wronia, Okrągła, Grzybowa, Okopowa, Wisniowa and Mazurska." ], [ "History", "The earliest known street names are those which appear in the 1799 city plan:Name in 1799Name todayBojarskaWarszawska (from Sienkiewicza to Pałacowa)ChoroskaLipowaKleiforfElektryczna (from Biała river to Warszawska)NowaSpółdzielczaNowe MiastoWarszawska (from Pałacowa to Elektryczna)Podrzeczna (first)nad Białką (from Pałacowa to Kościelna)Podrzeczna (second)Nad Białką (from Kościelna to Sienkiewicza)Przedmieście WasilkowskieSienkiewicza (to Biała river)SuraskaSuraskaŚwiętojańskaŚwiętojańskaWasilkowskaSienkiewicza (from Rynek Kościuszki to Biała river)ZagumiennaMalmeda (to 1946 Kupiecka)ZamkowaPałacowaZatylna PółnocnaBiałównyZatylna - Zatylna Poprzeczna - (after 1807 Cerkiewna, then Kryńska and after 1919 Kacza)Zatylna (Podłużna) First - Zatylna (Podłużna) Second - Zatylna (Podłużna) Third - Zatylna Zachodnia - ZielonaZamenhofaBrowarna - Jatkowa - NiemieckaKilińskiegoPocztowa - ===Russian Empire=== Following the Partition of Poland and the 1807 Treaties of Tilsit, Białystok became part of the Russian Empire and with the time it had passed through a Russification process as part of which the many street were renamed to honour Russian culture and national identity.", "As such, Sienkiewicza Street was renamed Nicholas street after Emperor Nicholas I of Russia.===Second Polish Republic (1919-1939)===Following the regaining of independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic in the aftermath of First World War, the new municipal authorities began with massive renaming of streets, aiming at polonization and promoting the Polish statehood, history and national identity.", "In some cases the streets names were kept as they were, in others a completely new name was given and in other cases the names were simply translated from the Russian name to a same meaning name in Polish.", "Among the old and new streets:Old nameNew name Bulwarna Branickiego Kucharski zaułek Angielska Michajłowska Daleka Charkowska Gdańska Czarny zaułek Czarna Stołbowa Filarowa Mieszczańska Elektryczna Ossorgińska Giełdowa Kniżna Gęsia Kaflowa Grunwaldzka Oranżeryjna Inspektowa Pocztowa Jurowiecka Niemiecka Kilińskiego Nowoniemiecka Legionowa Sołdacka Legionowa Dwinska Łomżyńska Intendantski zaułek Magazynowa Iwanowski zaułek Majowa Mramorna Marmurowa Brzeska Mickiewicza Puszkinska Mickiewicza Bannaja Mokra Kościelny zaułek Niecała Instytutowa Pałacowa Gogolewska Słonimska Staroszosowa Świętego Rocha Aleksandrowska Warszawska Jewrejska Żydowska Targ na Piaskach Sienny rynek Bazarny Plac Rynek Kościuszki Moesowska Krakowska Nowoszosowa Kolejowa\tIn addition, during the existence of the Second Polish Republic, further renaming of major streets were made:In January 1925 section of Kolejowa street was renamed Dąbrowskiego.", " In 1930 Mostowa street changed to Dr.", "Chazanowicza.", "In March 1931 Lipowa street renamed to Piłsudskiego (not to confuse with the current Piłsudskiego Avenue which didn't exist then).", "In 1932 Pałacowa street renamed Żwirki i Wigury (reverted after the war).", "In 1934 Warszawska street renamed Pierackiego (reverted after the war).", "In 1936 Elektryczna street renamed Orlicz-Dreszera (reverted after the war).===Soviet occupation (1939-1941)===Following the Invasion of the Soviet Union to Poland, Białystok was annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and a massive Sovietization policies implemented.", "As such, many streets were renamed to promote Soviet and Communist ideology and narrative.", "On the 8th of January 1940 the Soviet-controlled city hall (called in Polish ''Miejski Komitet Wykonawczy w Białymstoku'') published the list of street renaming, (officially in according with demands of the working people following the Conference of the Union of the Textile, Food and Construction Industry and the Meeting of Representatives of Workers' Councils).", "Among the changes:Old nameNew name Piłsudskiego Sowiecka Rynek Kościuszki Sowiecka Kilińskiego Sowiecka Sienkiewicza Lenina Wasilkowska Lenina Dąbrowskiego Czapajewa Sobieskiego Marksa Piasta Gorkiego Żwirki i Wigury Czkałowa Branickiego Szczorsa Kościelna Tołstoja Jagiellońska 8 Marca Park 3 Maja 17 Września Aleja 11 Listopada 17 Września Legionowa Lotnicza Rabińska Majakowskiego Harcerska Sportowa Jerozolimska Czerwonej Gwiazdy Bożnicza Papanińska Św.", "Rocha Październikowa Palestyńska Luksemburga Szlachecka Kołchoźnicza Świętojańska Kominternu Hetmańska Libknechta Nowy Świat Swierdłowa Poznańskiej Dzierżyńskiego Słonimska Kirowa Stołeczna Czajkowskiego Świętokrzyska Stalskiego Ułańska Ulianowa Wersalska Moskiewska Bema Komsomolska Częstochowska Rewolucyjna Grunwaldzka Urickiego Waszyngtona Engelska===German occupation (1941-1944)===In June 1941 the German Army entered Białystok as part of Nazi Germany's war on the Soviet Union.", "The renaming of streets could be seen in a city plan from 1942 issued by the German authorities.", "Among those changes of street names, can be noted:Old nameNew name Aleja 11 Listopada Richthofen Strasse Angielska BadenweilerAntoniukowska Nadrauen Antoniuk Fabryczny Nadrauen Armatnia Kanonen Artyleryjska Artillerie Bema Barbara Biała Mars Białostoczańska Kamerun Botaniczna Tapiauer Branickiego Goethe Brukowa Standarten Czarna Schwarze Casse Częstochowska Leipziger Dąbrowskiego Königsberger Elektryczna Kleindorf Hetmańska Insterburger Jurowiecka Post Kilińskiego Deutche Kolejowa Königzberger Kupiecka Markgrafen Legionowa Hamann Marczukowska Gotenhafener Marmurowa Marmer Mazowiecka Hochmeister Mickiewicza Reichsmarachall Młynowa Mühlen Modrzewiowa Albrecht Niecała Kirchen Nowy Świat Heidelberger Odeska Bromberger Piłsudskiego Langasse Poleska Preussisch Pułaskiego Heerbann Sienkiewicza Erich Koch Sienny Rynek Neuer Markt Słonimska Reinhard-Heydrich Sosnowa Nürnberger Szlachecka Posener Szosa do Supraśla Suprasler Szosa do Zambrowa Sürdring Św.", "Rocha Tannenberg Świętojańska Kant Kościałkowskiego Am Schlosspark Wierzbowa Trakenher Wspólna Hohenfriedberger Zamenhofa Grüne Zwierzyniecka Boeloke Żelazna Lobeer===Polish People's Republic (1945-1989)===With the establishment of the Communist regime in Poland and the inclusion of Białystok in the People's Republic new borders, the new authorities began massive renaming of streets to resemble Communist and Soviet identity and culture.", "While renaming of existing streets and naming of new streets was done throughout the communist period, two clear periods can be defined, the first period, of high stalinism which occurred from 1947 to 1956 and the later period, from 1956 until the end of communism in 1989/1990 when the Polish People's Republic was a bit more independent from the Soviet Union within the communist bloc and was allowed to combine the communist identity, together with local one.From 1947 into the early 1950s, the Białystok City National Council (municipal parliament), adopted a series of resolutions to rename many streets.", "Among them are the following:Old nameNew nameYear Argentyńska Bułgarska 1949 Białostoczańska Produkcyjna 1951 Białostoczańska Włókiennicza 1954 Bożnicza Bohaterów Getta 1949 Aleja 11 Listopada Aleja Sportowa 1951 Aleja 11 Listopada Aleja Sportowa 1954 Akademicka Rokossowskiego 1949 Branickiego Lenina 1949 Chazanowicza Worcella 1949 Grochowa Ostrowskiego 1954 Książęca Proletariacka 1949 Sienkiewicza 1 May 1949 Św.", "Rocha Manifestu Lipcowego 1949 Legionowa Dzierżyńskiego 1949 Lipowa Stalina 1949 Słonimska Wolna 1951 Trochimowska Przytorowa 1954 Wołodyjowskiego Wróblewskiego 1951 Wołodyjowskiego Gwardii Ludowej 1954 Wójtowska Gminna 1951 Serwitutowa Jęczmienna 1951 Żydowska Fornalska 1955 Żwirki i Wigury Marchlewskiego 1950 Świętojańska Nowotki 1949Following the October 1956 Thaw, a number of streets were renamed (either reverted or were given new name) to emphasize Soviet and communist identity to local, Polish one:Old nameNew name Stalina Lipowa 1 May Sienkiewicza Rokossowskiego Akademicka Olejniczaka Skłodowskiej-Curie Sienkiewicza Olejniczaka===Modern Poland===Following the collapse of the Communist regime in Poland and the establishment of the Third Polish Republic (modern Republic of Poland), the new elected authorities began a process of decommunization which included the removal of Communist names and ideas from public spaces.", "As such a new wave of renaming began in Białystok.", "The process of renaming included reverting to the old and original names of many streets and in some cases to a different new names.+Decommunization in 80.90.Old nameNew nameYear Aleja 1 May Piłsudskiego 1990 Armii Radzieckiej Baranowicka 1991 Dzierżyńskiego Legionowa 1989 Fornalskiej Białówny 1990 Gagarina Aleja Solidarności 1996 Gomułki Popieluszki 1990 Juchnickiego Sukienna 1990 Kraśki Storczykowa 1989 Lubinieckiego Waszyngtona 1990 Podedwornego Waszyngtona 1990 Lenina Branickiego 1990 Łaszewicza Magnoliowa 1989 Próchniaka Liniarskiego 1990 Przodowników Pracy Bohaterów Monte Cassino 1981 Stalingradzka Litewska 1990 Stąpora Mieszka I 1981 Świerczewskiego 11 listopada 1989-1990 Wesołowskiego Suraska 1990 Mistrzów Plonów Wyszyńskiego 1981 Marchlewskiego Pałacowa 1989 Nowotki Świętojańska 1989 Olejniczaka Boboli 1990+Decommunization in 10.Old nameNew nameYear Wojsk Ochrony Pogranicza Depowa 2016 Berlinga Hallera 2016 Armii Ludowej Twardowskiego 2016 Kruczkowskiego Gajcego 2017 Rzymowskiego Świętego Jerzego 2017 27 lipca 42.Pułku Piechoty 2013 I Armii Wojska Polskiego Bitwy białostockiej 2017" ], [ "References", "===Citations======Bibliography===*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "David Patterson (councillor)" ], [ "Introduction", "David Patterson was only the second Liberal or Liberal Democrat who has been elected to Wandsworth Council since its formation in 1965, and the last to have been a member.He passed away on 24 April 2023 having stood as a candidate in nine local elections from 1982 to 2018.A cherry tree was planted on Wandsworth Common in his honour by Wandsworth Council's parks department in December 2023." ], [ "Political career", "In the 1982 Wandsworth London Borough Council election Patterson stood for the Earlsfield ward, coming fifth.", "But in a subsequent by-election for the same ward, in October 1983, he won and became only the second Liberal councillor to ever be elected onto Wandsworth Borough Council.", "He was subsequently beaten in the 1986 local elections in part of a three-party fight for Earlsfield that helped decide control of the council.", "David stood as a candidate in every local London election, save one, for 36 years, representing six different wards in Battersea and Tooting.", "After the collapse of the SDP-Liberal Alliance, David did not stand in the May 1990 elections but stood again in the 1994 local elections in the newly formed Liberal Democrats party and was a candidate in every local election thereafter until 2018.But he did not regain a seat and so retains the distinction of being the only Liberal or Liberal Democrat elected to the Wandsworth Council in over 40 years." ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Seiler oscillator" ], [ "Introduction", "Vacuum tube Seiler oscillatorThe '''Seiler oscillator''' is an LC electronic oscillator.", "It was presented in 1941 by E. O. Seiler.", "The original implementation used a vacuum tube in an Electron-coupled oscillator circuit.", "Like the Clapp oscillator and the Vackář oscillator it is a variation of the Colpitts oscillator.", "It uses a voltage divider made of two capacitors, named C3 and C4 in the original schematic.", "The tuning capacitor C1 is parallel to the inductance L1 of the LC circuit.", "In an Clapp oscillator, the tuning capacitor is in series to the inductance.", "The variable capacitor C2 controls the coupling between the tube and tank (LC circuit).===Practical example===Seiler oscillator with bipolar transistor in base topology practical exampleThe schematic shows an example with component values.The Seiler oscillator uses a LC circuit L1, C1 that is connected via C2 to a capacitive voltage divider C3, C4 that connects to the amplifier Q1.C1 and C2 are calculated for inductance L1 having a unloaded Q factor of 250.Resistor R1 sets the collector current to 0.5mA with no oscillation.", "The negative supply voltage V2 allows direct connection from Q1 base to ground.", "The radio frequency choke L3 is needed to isolate the LC circuit from the power supply, but has a potential problem.", "L3, C3 and C4 create a Colpitts oscillator circuit.", "R2 reduces the Q factor of L3 and prevents oscillation on the wrong frequency.", "The correct oscillator frequency is 10MHz.", "The load resistor RL is part of the simulation, not part of the circuit." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Zhang Zhanshuo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Zhang Zhanshuo''' (born 14 May 2007) is a Chinese swimmer.He won gold medals in the 4 × 100-metre freestyle and 4 × 200-metre freestyle relays at the 2024 World Championships in Doha, Qatar.At the 2023 World Junior Championships, he became the fastest age 16 and under swimmer in history in the 400-meter individual medley.", "His time of 4:12.44 won him the silver medal." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships''' was the eleventh edition of the international indoor athletics event among Asian nations which was held in Tehran, Iran from 17 to 19 February 2024.Tehran, Iran previously hosted the 1st (2004), 4th (2010) and 8th (2018) editions." ], [ "Medalists", "===Men===60 metres 6.52 6.56 6.66400 metres 47.95 48.10 48.40800 metres 1:46.80 1:47.04 1:47.741500 metres 3:49.10 3:49.31 3:49.333000 metres 8:08.85 8:09.58 8:17.1760 metres hurdles 7.60 = 7.63 7.644 × 400 metres relay 3:12.05 3:13.09 3:13.96High jump 2.19 2.19 2.15Pole vault 5.65 5.60 5.55Long jump 7.97 7.89 \t7.76Triple jump 16.74 16.37 16.18Shot put 19.72 19.08 18.74Heptathlon 5767 5353 5124===Women===60 metres 7.20 7.35 7.38400 metres 55.14 55.33 55.35800 metres 2:09.17 2:11.43 2:13.101500 metres 4:29.55 4:35.29 4:37.203000 metres 9:16.71 9:26.22 9:27.1860 metres hurdles 8.12 8.21 8.26 4 × 400 metres relay 3:41.08 3:41.72 4:12.43High jump 1.86 1.86 1.83Pole vault 4.51 4.41 4.10Long jump 6.55 6.50 6.45Triple jump 13.63 13.61 13.48Shot put 17.65 15.42 14.27Pentathlon 4130 3970 3818" ], [ "Medal table" ], [ "References", ";Results* Official results" ], [ "External links", "* Official Asian Athletics Association website" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2018 Connecticut State Treasurer election" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2018 Connecticut State Treasurer election''' took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Connecticut State Treasurer.", "Five-term incumbent Democratic Party Treasurer Denise Nappier did not seek re-election.", "Democratic nominee Shawn Wooden defeated Republican nominee Thad Gray with 55.1% of the vote." ], [ "Democratic primary", "===Candidates=======Nominee====Shawn Wooden, attorney and former member of the Hartford City Council====Eliminated in primary====Dita Bhargava, COO of Catalan Investments====Declined====Denise Nappier, incumbent state treasurer===Endorsements======Results===" ], [ "Republican primary", "===Candidates=======Nominee====Thad Gray, former CIO of Abbot Capital Management====Eliminated in primary====*Art Linares, state senator===Endorsements======Results===" ], [ "General election", "===Results===" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Green Door Distilling" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Green Door Distilling''' is an American distillery." ], [ "History", "Green Door Distilling was founded in 2014 by Josh Cook in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "The company opened its tasting room and retail shop in 2016 under head distiller and president Jon Good.", "It is now owned by Steve Jbara, Scott Benton, and former NBA player Ben Wallace, who acquired a minority ownership stake in 2022.In 2020, Tyler Glasser assumed the role of head distiller at Green Door, and in 2021, both he and Green Door appeared on the Discovery Channel television series, ''Master Distiller''.", "In 2022 Scott Gardner replaced Glasser as head distiller at Green Door." ], [ "Liquors", "The distillery creates gin, vodka, whisky, amaro, bourbon, and flavored liqueurs.", "Its line has received the Michigan vodka distillery of the year award from the New York International Spirits competition, with its vodka receiving the silver medal from the American Distilling Institute.", "The lines have also received medals from the San Francisco World Spirits Competition, a double gold for its blueberry liqueur in 2021, and gold medals for gin and bourbon as well as silver medals for vodka and blueberry liqueur in 2022.The company uses Michigan oak to produce its barrels.", "In early 2020, the distillery transitioned to making hand sanitizer to help bolster the national supply during the COVID-19 pandemic, which it donated to various health centers and agencies." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "David Alcos" ], [ "Introduction", "'''David Augustine Alcos III''' (born 1967 or 1968) is an American politician from the Hawaii Republican Party.", "He was first elected in 2022 to the Hawaii State House of Representatives from District 41." ], [ "Early life and education", "Alcos was born and raised in Ewa Beach.", "He attended Ewa Elementary and Ilima Intermediate, and graduated from James Campbell High School in 1987." ], [ "Career and community involvement", "Alcos became a construction worker after high school and later started his own company, D.A.", "Builders.", "He served as a football coach at his former high school, and has had membership in the Lions Club service organization and his neighborhood board." ], [ "Political service", "In 2020, Alcos ran an unsuccessful campaign to represent District 41 in the Hawaii House of Representatives, losing by less than 2 percent of the votes cast.", "He ran again in 2022 and won against the incumbent, 59% to 41%.", "Soon after taking office in November 2022, Alcos was chosen by Hawaii's House Republican Caucus to serve as assistant minority leader." ], [ "Personal life", "Alcos married Ralena \"Lena\" Puanani Byrd Lee in 2002 and, according to his campaign site, has two children and two grandchildren.", "His paternal grandfather was born in the Philippines and worked as a boilerman at the Oahu Sugar Company's Waipahu mill.", "Per an obituary, Alcos' father also worked for the sugar company." ], [ "References" ], [ "See also", "* Official website* Campaign website" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Osahon Okunbo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Osahon Okunbo''' is a Nigerian entrepreneur and investor specialising in oil and gas.", "He is the founder and chairman of The Wells Carlton, a luxury hotel and apartment complex in Abuja, and the founder of Live Lounge, an entertainment venue in Lagos.", "He is also the patron of the Nigeria Film Museum, which is expected to open in 2024." ], [ "Early life and education", "Okunbo was born in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria to Mr and Mrs Hosa Wells Okunbo.", "He attended the University of Salford in the United Kingdom, where he graduated with a degree in Business Management.", "He later obtained a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the Lagos Business School." ], [ "Career", "Okunbo started his career in the oil and gas sector, working in various capacities such as facilities engineering, procurement, construction, and project management.Okunbo is the founder and chairman of The Wells Carlton, a luxury hotel and apartment complex in Abuja, which he launched in 2018.Okunbo is also the founder of Live Lounge, an entertainment venue in Victoria Island, Lagos, which he opened in 2020.Live Lounge houses a comedy club, a music studio, a bar, and a restaurant.Okunbo is a patron of the Nigeria Film Museum, which is set to open in 2024.The museum will be the first of its kind in Nigeria and will feature exhibits, archives, and memorabilia related to the history and development of the Nigerian film industry." ], [ "Philanthropy", "Okunbo founded the Osa Okunbo Foundation, a charitable organization that focuses on community development in Benin City, Edo State.", "The foundation has initiated and supported various projects in the areas of education, youth empowerment, and essential services.", "Some of the foundation's activities include providing scholarships, building classrooms, donating books and computers, sponsoring sports tournaments, and distributing food and medical supplies." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Passing of the Buffalo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Passing of the Buffalo''''' (1929) is a bronze sculpture of an indigenous man by Cyrus E. Dallin, which rests on a 5-foot-tall gray boulder located in Muncie, Indiana, United States.", "It is also known as The Last Arrow." ], [ "Description", "The sculpture depicts a male figure clad in a breach cloth and a full-length war bonnet standing in the contrapposto position.", "His left hand holds a bow and his left foot rests upon a bison skull.", "The sculpture is placed atop a granite bolder, which is located in a traffic rotary at the intersection of Walnut and Seymor Streets.", "The sculpture is within sight of the only full-sized copy of Dallin's Appeal to the Great Spirit sculpture that is down the street.", "The original Appeal to the Great Spirit is a landmark piece in front of Boston's Museum of Fine Arts." ], [ "History", "Geraldine R. Dodge commissioned the sculpture, and it was initially located at Hartley Farms, her Madison, New Jersey estate.", "Dallin visited the site at the time of its installation and selected the boulder on which it rests.", "Dodge was an avid collector of sculpture and a significant benefactor of Dallin with twenty of his works in the auction of her estate.The sculpture is significant in that in the 1975 Sotheby Parke Bernet auction, it set the record for a piece of Sculpture by an American with a sale price of $150,000.The sculpture was purchased by the wife and family of Fred J.", "Petty in his honor.", "Initially the sculpture was placed at the intersection of Walnut and Charles Street in front of the Ball Stores department store.In 1999 the Ball Store edifice was torn down and the sculpture moved to the Minnetrista Museum and Gardens on the scenic shore of the White River.", "It was moved to its current downtown location on September 26, 2007." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia

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