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"explanation": "The coronary ligament attaches the liver’s superior surface to the diaphragm, forming a boundary that delineates the bare area of the liver. It consists of anterior and posterior layers that help stabilise the liver and provide structural support. The bare area is where the liver directly contacts the diaphragm.",
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"explanation": "The gallbladder fossa is a depression on the inferior surface of the liver’s right lobe. It is located between the right and quadrate lobes and serves as the anatomical seat for the gallbladder, with its smooth, peritoneal-free surface facilitating direct contact with the organ.",
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"explanation": "The umbilical artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, supplies a portion of the bladder via its superior vesical branches. During foetal development, it plays a critical role in transporting deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta for gas exchange and waste elimination.",
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"explanation": "The inferior mesenteric artery is labelled and arises directly from the aorta at the level of L3. The renal arteries typically arise from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L1-L2 vertebrae. They branch off just below the superior mesenteric artery.",
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"explanation": "The coeliac trunk arises directly from the aorta at the level of T12. The inferior mesenteric artery is labelled and arises directly from the aorta at the level of L3.",
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"explanation": "The inferior mesenteric artery is labelled and arises directly from the aorta at the level of L3. The lumbar arteries arise from the abdominal aorta at the levels of the L1 to L4 vertebrae. There are typically four pairs of lumbar arteries, and they supply blood to the muscles and skin of the lower back, as well as the vertebrae and spinal cord in that region.",
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"explanation": "The common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. Each common iliac artery bifurcates into an internal iliac artery, supplying the pelvis and gluteal region, and an external iliac artery, which continues as the femoral artery to supply the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "The common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. Each common iliac artery bifurcates into an internal iliac artery, supplying the pelvis and gluteal region, and an external iliac artery, which continues as the femoral artery to supply the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "The common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. Each common iliac artery bifurcates into an internal iliac artery, supplying the pelvis and gluteal region, and an external iliac artery, which continues as the femoral artery to supply the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "The common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. Each common iliac artery bifurcates into an internal iliac artery, supplying the pelvis and gluteal region, and an external iliac artery, which continues as the femoral artery to supply the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "The common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. Each common iliac artery bifurcates into an internal iliac artery, supplying the pelvis and gluteal region, and an external iliac artery, which continues as the femoral artery to supply the lower limb. The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery, which supplies the medial thigh and part of the pelvic region.",
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"explanation": "The gubernaculum is a fibrous structure that guides and tethers the descent of the gonads. In males, it helps position the testicles into the scrotum. In females, it assists in the descent of the ovaries and contributes to the formation of the labia majora. The labia majora however, develops from the labioscrotal swellings",
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"explanation": "The labia majora is labelled. It develops from the labioscrotal swellings during embryonic development. These swellings form the outer folds of the vulva, providing protection for the vaginal and urethral openings, and are homologous to the scrotum in males.",
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"explanation": "The vestibule, Bartholin's glands and clitoris are derived from the genital tubercle.",
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"explanation": "The labia **minora** is derived from the urethral folds whilst the labia **majora** is derived from the labioscrotal swellings.",
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"explanation": "The fourchette is located at the posterior end of the vulva, where the labia minora converge. It is situated distal to the urethral and vaginal openings, just beneath the labia minora. This area marks the boundary between the labia minora and the perineum.",
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"explanation": "The seminal vesicles are labelled. The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins. This secretion nourishes sperm and facilitates their motility. Additionally, it contains clotting factors that help coagulate semen after ejaculation, aiding in the retention of sperm within the female reproductive tract.",
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"explanation": "The pampiniform plexus is labelled. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins surrounding the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. It drains venous blood from the testes. The plexus ultimately converges into the testicular vein. The testicular veins drain into different veins depending on the side. The right testicular vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava. The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein before joining the inferior vena cava.",
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"explanation": "The lymphatic vessels of the male reproductive system primarily drain lymphatic fluid into the para-aortic lymph nodes. This drainage includes lymph from the testes, seminal vesicles, and prostate. The pampiniform plexus is labelled. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins surrounding the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. It drains venous blood from the testes. The plexus ultimately converges into the testicular vein.",
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"explanation": "The pampiniform plexus is labelled. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins surrounding the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. It drains venous blood from the testes and helps regulate testicular temperature by cooling the arterial blood. The plexus ultimately converges into the testicular vein.",
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"explanation": "The pampiniform plexus is labelled. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins surrounding the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. It drains venous blood from the testes. The plexus ultimately converges into the testicular vein. The testicular veins drain into different veins depending on the side. The right testicular vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava. The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein before joining the inferior vena cava.",
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"explanation": "The pampiniform plexus is labelled. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins surrounding the testicular artery within the spermatic cord. It drains venous blood from the testes and helps regulate testicular temperature by cooling the arterial blood. The plexus ultimately converges into the testicular vein.",
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"explanation": "The deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament extends from the posterior aspect of the 5th sacral vertebra to the dorsal surface of the coccyx. This ligament provides stability to the sacrococcygeal junction.",
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"explanation": "The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament, which extends along the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. It runs from the base of the skull to the sacrum, providing support and stability to the spine by preventing excessive extension and reinforcing the anterior spinal column.",
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"name": "Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament",
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"explanation": "The superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament extends from the median sacral crest to the coccyx. This ligament lies on the posterior aspect of the sacrum and coccyx, providing support and stability to the sacrococcygeal junction.",
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"explanation": "The subphrenic recesses are potential spaces in the supracolic compartment of the greater sac, between the diaphragm and liver. Pelvic malignancies may spread to the right subphrenic and subhepatic spaces via transcolemic spread through the right paracolic gutter.",
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"explanation": "The x-ray shows an image of the left shoulder, with the arrow pointing at the acromioclavicular joint. The glenohumeral joint is between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the greater tubercle of the humerus. This structure has three impressions where three muscles attach. The most superior impression is where supraspinatus inserts. The most inferior of the three impressions is where teres minor inserts.",
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"explanation": "The **semitendinosus** is also situated in the posterior compartment of the leg, however this muscle lies more medial. It inserts onto the medial surface of the tibia.",
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"explanation": "The arrow points to the tensor fasciae latae muscle, which tightens the fascia lata, the deep fascia of the thigh. This muscle assists in abducting and medially rotating the lower limb, while also stabilising the pelvis and knee during activities such as walking or running. It does not extend and laterally rotate the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "The arrow points to the tensor fasciae latae muscle, which tightens the fascia lata, the deep fascia of the thigh. This muscle assists in abducting and medially rotating the lower limb, while also stabilising the pelvis and knee during activities such as walking or running.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing at the tensor fascia latae. This muscle tightens the fascia lata which medially rotates and **abducts** (rather than adduct) the lower limb.",
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"explanation": "Sartorius forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle; it does not form the floor.",
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"explanation": "The adductor longus is situated on the floor of the femoral triangle, but it is located more medial to the where the arrow is pointing. It lies medial to the pectineus.",
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"explanation": "The iliopsoas is situated on the floor of the femoral triangle, but it is located more lateral to the where the arrow is pointing. It lies lateral to the pectineus.",
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"explanation": "The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery below the level of the inguinal ligament. The femoral triangle is located inferior to this.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the red structure which is the common femoral artery. The femoral nerve is located more lateral to this.",
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"explanation": "The image shows the femoral triangle with the arrow pointing to the artery which is located between the femoral nerve and femoral vein. This is the common femoral artery. The contents of the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial) can be remembered using the mnemonic **\"NAVEL\"**.\n\n**N**erve - femoral nerve\n\n**A**rtery - common femoral artery\n\n**V**ein - femoral vein\n\n**E**mpty space\n\n**L**ymphatics",
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"explanation": "The flexor digitorum superficialis is located deep to the palmar aponeurosis.",
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"explanation": "The flexor digitorum profundus is located deep to the palmar aponeurosis.",
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"explanation": "The muscle labelled by the arrow is the flexor carpi ulnaris. Flexor carpi ulnaris originates from the medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior border of ulna and inserts onto the pisiform bone, hook of hamate and the base of the fifth metacarpal.",
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"explanation": "The trapezius is located more superior on posterior aspect of the neck and thorax. It is a triangular shaped muscle.",
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"explanation": "The rhomboid major is located more superior. It lies deep to the trapezius.",
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"explanation": "The latissimus dorsi originates from multiple points, including the spinous processes of T7-T12, the iliac crest, the thoracolumbar fascia, and the lower three or four ribs. It also has minor attachments to the scapula's inferior angle. The muscle fibres converge to insert onto the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of the humerus. The latissimus dorsi is responsible for shoulder extension, adduction, and medial rotation, and plays a role in movements like pulling or lifting, as well as stabilising the trunk.",
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"explanation": "The rhomboid minor is located superior to the latissimus dorsi muscle and the rhomboid major muscle. It is found deep to the trapezius.",
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"name": "Rhomboid minor",
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},
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"explanation": "These muscles are found on either side of the vertebral column. There are three groups: spinalis muscles, longissimus muscles and iliocostalis muscles.",
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"explanation": "The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi. The arrow is pointing at the deltoid muscle.",
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"explanation": "The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The arrow is pointing at the deltoid muscle.",
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"explanation": "The spinal accessory nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The arrow is pointing at the deltoid muscle.",
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"explanation": "The arrow indicates the deltoid muscle. The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle, providing both motor and sensory information. The axillary nerve originates from the cervical nerves C5 and C6, and enters the scapular region through the quadrangular space.",
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"explanation": "The sartorius is supplied by the femoral nerve as it is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg.",
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"explanation": "The sartorius (muscle labelled in the image), gracilis and the semitendinosus form the pes anserinus. The sartorius inserts anterior to the gracilis and semitendinosus, onto the proximal tibia.",
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"explanation": "The sartorius (muscle labelled in the image), gracilis and the semitendinosus form the pes anserinus. The sartorius inserts anterior to the gracilis and semitendinosus, onto the proximal tibia.",
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"explanation": "The sartorius is one of the muscles of the anterior thigh. It has an oblique course from the lateral to the medial aspect of the thigh as it descends.",
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"explanation": "The vastus intermedius is also one of the muscles of the quadriceps femoris, however this lies deep to the rectus femoris. Hence it is not visible in this diagram.",
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"explanation": "The rectus femoris is a muscle of the quadriceps femoris. This is found between the vastus medialis and the vastus lateralis.",
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"explanation": "The labelled muscle is the vastus lateralis, the most lateral of the four quadriceps muscles. It originates from the greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur, extending down the thigh to insert at the quadriceps tendon, which continues to the patella and then to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament. As part of the quadriceps group, the vastus lateralis plays a crucial role in knee extension, providing strength and stability to the knee joint, especially during activities like walking, running, and squatting.",
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"explanation": "The inferior vena cava is located **medial** to the right psoas muscle",
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"name": "The inferior vena cava is located lateral to this muscle",
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"explanation": "The superior part of the psoas muscle lies **posterior** to the diaphragm.",
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"explanation": "The muscle shown in the image is the psoas major, a key muscle in the hip flexor group. It originates from the transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and bodies of T12 to L5 vertebrae, descending to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The psoas major is primarily responsible for flexion at the hip joint, enabling movements like walking and running. It is innervated by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3. Together with the iliacus, it forms the iliopsoas muscle, a powerful flexor of the thigh.",
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"name": "This muscle is supplied by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3",
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},
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"explanation": "The arrow points to the ilium, specifically the iliac wing, which is the broad, fan-shaped superior portion of the ilium. This structure plays a crucial role in forming the pelvis, providing attachment sites for muscles and ligaments, and supporting the weight of the upper body during movement.",
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"explanation": "The sacropelvic surface of the bone is located on the medial aspect, which is not shown in this image.",
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"explanation": "The head of the humerus is located at the superior aspect of the bone, articulating with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It faces upward, medially, and slightly posteriorly, allowing for a wide range of shoulder movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation.",
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"explanation": "The capitulum of the humerus is located at the distal aspect of the bone. It is a rounded structure on the inferolateral aspect of the humerus.",
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"name": "Capitulum of the humerus",
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"explanation": "The intertubercular sulcus is located between the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus.",
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"explanation": "The lesser tuberosity is located more medial on the humerus.",
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"explanation": "The greater tuberosity is located on the lateral surface of the humerus.",
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"explanation": "Although the humeral head of the flexor digitorum superficialis does arise from the common flexor origin, this muscle is found in the **intermediate layer** of the anterior compartment, not the **superficial layer**.",
"id": "10041068",
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"name": "Humeral head of the flexor digitorum superficialis",
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"explanation": "The extensor digitorum communis arises from the common extensor origin, this is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This muscle is found in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment.",
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"explanation": "The **radial head** of the flexor digitorum superficialis arises from the oblique line of the radius and not the common flexor origin. The flexor digitorum superficialis is also found in the **intermediate layer** of the anterior compartment, not the **superficial layer**.",
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"explanation": "The infraspinatus originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula. The arrow is pointing to the subscapular fossa.",
"id": "10041073",
"label": "c",
"name": "Infraspinatus",
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"explanation": "The teres minor originates from the lateral border of the scapula. The arrow is pointing to the subscapular fossa.",
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"explanation": "The levator scapulae inserts onto the medial aspect of the scapula. It arises from the transverse processes of C1-4. The arrow is pointing to the subscapular fossa.",
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"explanation": "The arrow indicates the subscapular fossa, a concave area on the anterior surface of the scapula. The subscapularis muscle originates from this fossa and is a key component of the rotator cuff. It plays a crucial role in shoulder stabilisation and internal rotation of the humerus. The subscapularis, along with the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor, collectively provides dynamic support to the glenohumeral joint, allowing for a wide range of shoulder movements while maintaining joint integrity.",
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"label": "c",
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"explanation": "The pectoralis major muscle does not have any attachments to the scapula. The arrow is pointing to the coracoid process of the scapula. However, the pectoralis minor muscle inserts onto the coracoid process.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the coracoid process of the scapula. The only muscle in this list that is attached to the coracoid process is the short head of the biceps brachii. The short head of biceps brachii originates from the coracoid process, whilst the long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle. Both heads insert onto the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.",
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173,470,042 | false | 19 | null | 6,495,318 | null | false | [] | null | 20,515 | {
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"__typename": "QuestionChoice",
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"explanation": "After the exiting the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery branches into the anterior tibial artery at the level of the lower border of the popliteal muscle.",
"id": "10041083",
"label": "c",
"name": "Anterior tibial artery",
"picture": null,
"votes": 0
},
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"__typename": "QuestionChoice",
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"explanation": "The popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery, however as the image is at the level of the popliteal fossa, the arrow indicates the popliteal artery. The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery at the adductor hiatus.",
"id": "10041082",
"label": "b",
"name": "Femoral artery",
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"explanation": "The posterior tibial artery is a branch of the popliteal artery in the leg after it exits the popliteal fossa. The image shows the region of the popliteal fossa.",
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"label": "d",
"name": "Posterior tibial artery",
"picture": null,
"votes": 1
},
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"explanation": "The fibular artery is located in the leg, it is a branch of the popliteal artery, which arises after it has exited the popliteal fossa.",
"id": "10041085",
"label": "e",
"name": "Fibular artery",
"picture": null,
"votes": 0
},
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"explanation": "The image shows the right popliteal fossa. Structures that lie within the popliteal fossa, from medial to lateral, are: the popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve. The arrow is pointing to the red structure which lies most medial, so this is the popliteal artery.",
"id": "10041081",
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}
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"explanation": "The lateral gastrocnemius is located on the inferolateral aspect of the popliteal fossa.",
"id": "10041087",
"label": "b",
"name": "Lateral gastrocnemius",
"picture": null,
"votes": 2
},
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"explanation": "The semimembranosus is located on the superomedial aspect of the popliteal fossa.",
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"label": "e",
"name": "Semimembranosus",
"picture": null,
"votes": 0
},
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"explanation": "The plantaris is located on the inferolateral aspect of the popliteal fossa.",
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"label": "c",
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"picture": null,
"votes": 0
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"explanation": "The image shows the right popliteal fossa, this structure has four borders, which are as follows:\n\n* Superomedial border: formed by the semimebranosus and semitendinous muscles\n* Superolateral border: formed by the biceps femoris muscle\n* Inferomedial border: formed by the medial head of gastrocnemius\n* Inferolateral border: formed by the lateral head of gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle\n\nThe arrow points to the inferomedial muscle, this is the medial gastrocnemius.",
"id": "10041086",
"label": "a",
"name": "Medial gastrocnemius",
"picture": null,
"votes": 5
},
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"__typename": "QuestionChoice",
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"explanation": "The biceps femoris is located on the superolateral aspect of the popliteal fossa.",
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"label": "d",
"name": "Biceps femoris",
"picture": null,
"votes": 0
}
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"explanation": "Scaphoid is a boat shaped bone on the radial aspect of the wrist. It is one of the carpal bones in the proximal row.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the distal row of bones. A mnemonic to help remember the bones from the proximal row from the scaphoid on the radial side to the distal row starting from the hamate on the ulnar side to the thumb is:\n\n**S**o **L**ong **T**o **P**inky, **H**ere **C**omes **T**he **T**humb\n\n**S**caphoid **L**unate **T**riquetrum **P**isiform, **H**amate **C**apitate **T**rapezoid **T**rapezium\n\nThe capitate is the largest carpal bone, it also articulates with the third metacarpal bone.",
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"name": "Capitate",
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"explanation": "The hamate is located more to the ulnar side than the capitate. The arrow points to the capitate which is also larger. The hamate is located on the left of the image where the hook of hamate is also visible.",
"id": "10041092",
"label": "b",
"name": "Hamate",
"picture": null,
"votes": 0
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"answer": false,
"explanation": "The trapezoid is located more radial to the arrow. It is a wedge-shaped bone.",
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"label": "c",
"name": "Trapezoid",
"picture": null,
"votes": 2
},
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"answer": false,
"explanation": "The trapezium is the most radial bone in the distal row articulating with the first and second metacarpals.",
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"label": "d",
"name": "Trapezium",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the proximal row of bones. A mnemonic to help remember the bones from the proximal row from the scaphoid on the radial side to the distal row starting from the hamate on the ulnar side to the thumb is:\n\n**S**o **L**ong **T**o **P**inky, **H**ere **C**omes **T**he **T**humb\n\n**S**caphoid **L**unate **T**riquetrum **P**isiform, **H**amate **C**apitate **T**rapezoid **T**rapezium\n\nThe triquetrum is a pyramid shaped bone that articulates with the lunate and hamate.",
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"votes": 5
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"name": "Lunate",
"picture": null,
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"explanation": "The gluteus medius attaches to the greater trochanter not lesser trochanter.",
"id": "10041103",
"label": "c",
"name": "Gluteus medius",
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"explanation": "The piriformis inserts onto the greater trochanter not lesser trochanter.",
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"explanation": "The arrow indicates the lesser trochanter of the femur, a small, protruding bony prominence on the femur's medial side. The psoas major and iliacus muscles, collectively known as the iliopsoas, merge to form a single muscle belly. This muscle plays a crucial role in hip flexion and stability. The tendon of the iliopsoas inserts onto the lesser trochanter, allowing for powerful movements such as lifting the thigh during walking, running, and climbing.",
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"explanation": "The obturator internus attaches to the greater trochanter not lesser trochanter.",
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"explanation": "The inferior gemelli attaches to the greater trochanter not lesser trochanter.",
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"explanation": "The head of the femur is the structure that articulates with the acetabulum (indicated by the arrow). The socket is the acetabulum.",
"id": "10041108",
"label": "c",
"name": "Head of the femur",
"picture": null,
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"explanation": "The x-ray shows the hip joint not the shoulder joint where the humerus will be found.",
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"explanation": "The image shows an x-ray of the hip joint. The arrow is pointing to the acetabulum of the hip bone. This cup-like socket provides a surface for the articulation for the head of the femur.",
"id": "10041106",
"label": "a",
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"explanation": "The x-ray shows an image of the hip joint not the shoulder joint. So, the socket indicates the acetabulum.",
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"name": "Glenoid fossa",
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}
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the sciatic nerve which enters the gluteal region via the **greater** sciatic foramen not lesser sciatic foramen.",
"id": "10041113",
"label": "c",
"name": "This nerve leaves the pelvis and enters the gluteal region via the lesser sciatic foramen",
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"explanation": "The sciatic nerve does not pass through the adductor hiatus.",
"id": "10041114",
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"picture": null,
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"explanation": "The sciatic nerve does pass through the greater sciatic foramen but it is inferior to the piriformis. The structures superior to the piriformis are the superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve.",
"id": "10041112",
"label": "b",
"name": "This nerve leaves the pelvis and enters the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle.",
"picture": null,
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"explanation": "Although the sciatic nerve passes through the gluteal region, it does not innervate the muscles here.",
"id": "10041115",
"label": "e",
"name": "This nerve innervates the muscles of the gluteal region",
"picture": null,
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"explanation": "The arrow points to the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body. It enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen, emerging inferior to the piriformis muscle, passing through the infrapiriform foramen. The sciatic nerve travels down the posterior thigh, supplying motor and sensory innervation to much of the lower limb. It bifurcates near the popliteal fossa into the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves, which innervate the lower leg and foot. Its course through the gluteal region makes it vulnerable to compression, leading to conditions like piriformis syndrome or sciatica.",
"id": "10041111",
"label": "a",
"name": "This nerve leaves the pelvis and enters the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.",
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}
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"name": "Quadratus femoris",
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"explanation": "The piriformis is labelled. The piriformis muscle is one of the deep gluteal muscles and is the most superior of this group. It originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and passes through the greater sciatic foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur. The piriformis acts to laterally rotate and abduct the thigh when the hip is flexed. It also plays a role in stabilising the hip joint. Its anatomical position makes it important clinically, as the sciatic nerve passes below it, potentially leading to piriformis syndrome when the nerve becomes compressed.",
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"name": "Piriformis",
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}
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"explanation": "The triceps brachii is a muscle located on the posterior aspect of the arm and is responsible for extension of the elbow joint. It has three distinct heads: the long head, medial head, and lateral head. The long head, indicated by the arrow, originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, playing a role in both elbow and shoulder extension. The lateral head originates from the posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove, while the medial head arises from the posterior humerus, inferior to the radial groove. All three heads insert via a common tendon onto the olecranon process of the ulna.",
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"explanation": "This diagram shows the anterior aspect of the arm, the triceps is a muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm. The long head of the triceps arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.",
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"explanation": "This diagram shows the anterior aspect of the arm. The main muscle shown here is the biceps. The short head of the biceps originates from the coracoid process of the scapula, this is the head that is located more medial to where the arrow is pointing.",
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"explanation": "This diagram shows the anterior aspect of the arm, the triceps is a muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm. The lateral head originates from the posterior surface of the humerus superior to the radial groove.",
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"explanation": "This diagram shows the anterior aspect of the arm. The main muscle shown here is the biceps. The arrow is pointing to the part of this muscle that arises from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, this is the long head. The long head of the biceps also courses through the intertubercular sulcus which can be seen clearly in this diagram.",
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"explanation": "The long head of the biceps arises from the supraglenoid tubercle. The muscle indicated by the arrow is attached to the coracoid process.",
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"explanation": "This diagram shows the anterior aspect of the arm, and the arrow points to the coracobrachialis muscle. This muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the medial surface of the mid-shaft of the humerus. The coracobrachialis assists in flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, which pierces the muscle, making it an important landmark. The coracobrachialis functions primarily to stabilise the humerus during arm movement.",
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"explanation": "The short head of biceps also arises from the coracoid process, however the arrow is pointing to the muscle adjacent to the biceps. Biceps brachii has two heads, the short and long head. The arrow is not pointing to the muscle in the diagram with two heads.",
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"explanation": "Pectoralis minor is another muscle that has an attachment to the coracoid process of the scapula. However, this muscle arises from the third to the fifth ribs and extends laterally to insert onto the coracoid process of the scapula. The muscle in this question extends laterally from the coracoid process to the arm, so this is the coracobrachialis.",
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"explanation": "Brachialis has no attachments to the scapula. The muscle in this question arises from the coracoid process of the scapula. The brachialis arises from the anterior aspect of the distal humeral shaft and inserts onto the ulnar tuberosity.",
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"explanation": "The radial veins are part of the deep venous system, located beneath the deep fascia. These paired veins, called venae comitantes, accompany the radial artery and drain the lateral aspect of the forearm.",
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"explanation": "The diagram shows the cubital fossa region, and the arrow is pointing to the basilic vein, which is situated on the medial aspect of the upper limb. The basilic vein originates from the dorsal venous network of the hand and ascends along the medial side of the forearm and arm. It becomes more superficial as it moves proximally. In the middle of the arm, the basilic vein penetrates deep fascia to join the brachial veins, eventually contributing to the formation of the axillary vein. This vein plays a key role in venous drainage of the upper limb.",
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"explanation": "The median cubital vein is located in the superficial fascia of the cubital fossa and serves as a connection between the basilic and cephalic veins. It is commonly used for venepuncture due to its accessibility.",
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"explanation": "The ulnar veins are a part of the deep venous system and this is located under the deep fascia. These join the radial veins to form the brachial vein in the cubital fossa.",
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"explanation": "The cephalic vein is located in the anterolateral aspect of the arm. The arrow points to a vein in the medial aspect.",
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"explanation": "The recurrent branch of this nerve (median nerve) supplies the **thenar** muscles.",
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"name": "The recurrent branch of this nerve supplies the hypothenar muscles.",
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"explanation": "The median nerve only innervates the lateral two lumbricals. The medial two lumbricals are innervated by the ulnar nerve.",
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"name": "This nerve innervates all the lumbricals in the hand.",
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"explanation": "The median nerve provides sensory supply to the palmar surface of the lateral three and a half digits.",
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"explanation": "The median nerve travels in a plane between the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles. So, it lies superficial to the flexor digitorum profundus.",
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"name": "This nerve travels in a plane deep to the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the median nerve, which arises from the brachial plexus. Initially, it runs lateral to the brachial artery in the proximal arm. As it descends, it crosses the artery around the mid-arm and becomes positioned medial to it. The median nerve continues into the forearm, passing through the cubital fossa and eventually enters the hand via the carpal tunnel, providing motor and sensory innervation to various structures of the forearm and hand.",
"id": "10041166",
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173,470,060 | false | 37 | null | 6,495,318 | null | false | [] | null | 20,533 | {
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"explanation": "All three of the cuneiforms articulate with the navicular posteriorly and the metatarsals anteriorly. The intermediate cuneiform is located between the medial and lateral cuneiforms.",
"id": "10041174",
"label": "d",
"name": "Intermediate cuneiform",
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"explanation": "The cuboid is a cuboidal shaped bone that is located next to the fourth and fifth metatarsals. It is found on the lateral aspect of the foot and it is in the distal row of tarsal bones.",
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"label": "a",
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"explanation": "The navicular bone is located in the intermediate row. This articulates with the three cuneiforms anteriorly, the talus posteriorly and the cuboid laterally. It also has a boat-like shape.",
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"label": "e",
"name": "Navicular",
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"explanation": "All three of the cuneiforms articulate with the navicular posteriorly and the metatarsals anteriorly. The medial cuneiform is located at the most medial aspect in this row.",
"id": "10041173",
"label": "c",
"name": "Medial cuneiform",
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"explanation": "All three of the cuneiforms articulate with the navicular posteriorly and the metatarsals anteriorly. The lateral cuneiform is located between the cuboid (shown by the arrow in this image) and the intermediate cuneiform in the distal row of tarsal bones.",
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"explanation": "The arrow points to the first metatarsal. The phalanges are distal to this and the big toe only has two phalanges compared to three like the other toes.",
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"name": "Proximal phalanx",
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"explanation": "This image shows the bones of the foot, so the arrow is indicating the first metatarsal. Metacarpal bones are found in the hand.",
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"name": "Fifth metacarpal",
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"explanation": "The metatarsal bones are found between the tarsal bones and the phalanges. These are numbered in ascending order from medial to lateral. The arrow is pointing to the most medial metatarsal, so this is the first metatarsal. The fifth metatarsal is located at the lateral aspect of the foot.",
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"explanation": "The extensor pollicis brevis does travel through the first extensor compartment but **not** with the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle. It travels with the tendon of the abductor pollicis longus muscle.",
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"explanation": "The image highlights the extensor pollicis brevis muscle, which is found in the posterior muscle compartment of the forearm. This muscle originates from the posterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane. It inserts at the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, facilitating thumb extension and abduction at the carpometacarpal joint.",
"id": "10041221",
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"explanation": "The extensor pollicis brevis muscle only acts on the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints as it inserts at the base of the proximal phalanx.",
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"name": "This muscle acts to extend the thumb at the interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.",
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"explanation": "The muscle indicated by the arrow is the extensor pollicis brevis, the tendon of this muscle forms the radial border of the anatomical snuffbox. The ulnar border is formed by the extensor pollicis longus.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to one of the muscles of the thumb. This muscle seems to extend from the posterior surface of the arm to insert onto the distal phalanx of the thumb. This is the extensor pollicis longus. The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular depression located on the lateral aspect of the wrist. Its borders are defined as follows:\n\n* Medial border: the extensor pollicis longus tendon\n* Lateral border: the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons\n* Floor: the scaphoid and trapezium bones, along with the radial artery that runs through it",
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"explanation": "The extensor indicis extends to insert onto the extensor hood of the index finger. The muscle indicated by the arrow inserts onto the distal phalanx of the thumb and is therefore the extensor pollicis longus.",
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"explanation": "he abductor pollicis longus is a muscle of the thumb that forms the radial border of the anatomical snuffbox, alongside the extensor pollicis brevis. It is located laterally to the extensor pollicis longus, helping in thumb abduction at the carpometacarpal joint.",
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"explanation": "All three of the cuneiforms articulate with the navicular posteriorly and the metatarsals anteriorly, these are found in the distal row of tarsal bones. The lateral cuneiform is located between the cuboid and the intermediate cuneiform.",
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"explanation": "The cuboid is a cuboidal shaped bone that is located next to the fourth and fifth metatarsals. It is found on the lateral aspect of the foot and it is in the distal row of tarsal bones. The bone in this image indicated by the arrow is in the proximal row of tarsal bones.",
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"explanation": "The navicular bone is located in the intermediate row. This articulates with the three cuneiforms anteriorly, the talus posteriorly and the cuboid laterally. It also has a boat-like shape.",
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"explanation": "The talus is also one of the tarsal bones in the proximal row along with the calcaneus. This is the most superior tarsal bone. The calcaneus which is indicated by the arrow in this x-ray is located inferior to the talus.",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the joint between the fourth metatarsal bone and the fourth proximal phalanx. This is the metatarsophalangeal joint. These are numbered 1 to 5 from medial to lateral.",
"id": "10041236",
"label": "a",
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"explanation": "The arrow is pointing to the joint between the fourth metatarsal bone and the fourth proximal phalanx. These are numbered 1 to 5 from medial to lateral. So, this would be the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint.",
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"explanation": "This is an x-ray of the foot. Metacarpophalangeal joints are found in the hand, this is a joint between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanx. The joint between the metatarsal bones and the proximal phalanges in the foot are called metatarsophalangeal joints.",
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"explanation": "This is an x-ray of the foot. Metacarpophalangeal joints are found in the hand, this is a joint between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanx. The joint between the metatarsal bones and the proximal phalanges in the foot are called metatarsophalangeal joints.",
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"explanation": "The tarsometatarsal joints are formed between the tarsal bones and the metacarpals. The arrow is pointing to a joint between the metatarsal bone and the proximal phalanx.",
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"explanation": "The subclavian artery and vein sit in the subclavian groove of the first rib, anterior to the scalene tubercle which is a feature unique to the first rib. The pulmonary arteries receive deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle. The right pulmonary artery courses posterior to the ascending aorta, and anterior to the descending aorta. It lies anterior to the right main bronchus. The left pulmonary artery also passes anterior to the descending aorta, but lies superior to the left main bronchus.",
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"explanation": "The right coronary artery is marked here and is a major branch of the hearts blood supply. It supplies both right atrium and ventricle. The left atrium is supplied by branches from the left coronary artery, namely the left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery.\nLeft atrium and left ventricle",
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"explanation": "The right coronary artery is marked here. The right coronary artery supplies the right side of the heart, including the right atrium and ventricle. The right ventricle also receives blood from the right marginal artery. The right coronary artery also supplies the sinoatrial node (via the sinoatrial nodal artery) and atrioventricular node (via the atrioventricular nodal artery) in the majority of people (60% and 85% respectively).",
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Subsets and Splits