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Carlos knows that the key to sustained customer loyalty is early customer |
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acquisition and constant re-engagement. With that in mind, he's setting his |
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sights on sugary cereals. Kids love it, and they keep coming back for more. He |
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has a proposal for Post, the well-known manufacturer of Alpha-Bits: |
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_ "For 60 years these bits have been made of letters, but kids today are tired |
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of letters for breakfast. Let me show you something truly revolutionary: bits |
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made of numbers!" _ |
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The executives at Post would like to assess the feasibility of producing |
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numeric bits. In particular, they want to see if Carlos can create a string of |
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bits, **B**, of length **N**. In this string, each character is either `'0'` |
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or `'1'`. |
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Carlos has been given a list of **M** requirements. The _i_th requirement |
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states that the substring **BXi...Yi** must be a palindrome. The new cereal |
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surely won't succeed without appealing to children's acute sense of symmetry. |
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Furthermore, the number of zeroes and ones in **B** must be as close as |
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possible. In other words, if `C(b)` is the number of occurrences of bit _b_ in |
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**B**, then the absolute difference `|C(0) - C(1)|` must be minimized. The |
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margins on cereal are razor thin, and as everybody knows, bits are produced in |
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pairs, so it's wasteful to use more of one sort than the other. |
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Help Carlos build any bitstring **B** consistent with all of these |
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requirements (and with minimal difference between the number of zeroes and |
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ones). It's guaranteed that such a bitstring exists for every given set of |
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requirements. |
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### Input |
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Input begins with an integer **T**, the number of bitstrings that Post has |
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commissioned. For each bitstring, there is first a line containing the space- |
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separated integers **N** and **M**. Then, **M** lines follow, the _i_th of |
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which contains the space-separated integers **Xi** and **Yi**. |
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### Output |
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For the _i_th commission, print a line containing "Case #_i_: " followed by a |
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valid bitstring **B**. |
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### Constraints |
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1 ≤ **T** ≤ 350 |
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1 ≤ **N** ≤ 4,000 |
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0 ≤ **M** ≤ 10,000 |
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1 ≤ **Xi** ≤ **Yi** ≤ **N** |
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### Explanation of Sample |
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In the first case, the minimum absolute difference between the number of |
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zeroes and ones is 0 (with 2 of each). **5 other outputs would also be |
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accepted** for this case: "0011", "0101", "0110", "1001", and "1010". **For |
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each of the remaining sample cases, various other outputs would similarly be |
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accepted.** |
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In the second case, the minimum achievable difference is 2. |
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In the third case, the minimum achievable difference is 2. |
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In the fourth case, the minimum achievable difference is 1. |
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In the fifth case, the minimum achievable difference is 0. |
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In the sixth case, the minimum achievable difference is 9. |
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