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def _make_ctx_options(ctx_options, config_cls=ContextOptions): """Helper to construct a ContextOptions object from keyword arguments. Args: ctx_options: A dict of keyword arguments. config_cls: Optional Configuration class to use, default ContextOptions. Note that either 'options' or 'config' can be used to pass another Configuration object, but not both. If another Configuration object is given it provides default values. Returns: A Configuration object, or None if ctx_options is empty. """ if not ctx_options: return None for key in list(ctx_options): translation = _OPTION_TRANSLATIONS.get(key) if translation: if translation in ctx_options: raise ValueError('Cannot specify %s and %s at the same time' % (key, translation)) ctx_options[translation] = ctx_options.pop(key) return config_cls(**ctx_options)
Helper to construct a ContextOptions object from keyword arguments. Args: ctx_options: A dict of keyword arguments. config_cls: Optional Configuration class to use, default ContextOptions. Note that either 'options' or 'config' can be used to pass another Configuration object, but not both. If another Configuration object is given it provides default values. Returns: A Configuration object, or None if ctx_options is empty.
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def set_cache_policy(self, func): """Set the context cache policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should be cached. May be None. """ if func is None: func = self.default_cache_policy elif isinstance(func, bool): func = lambda unused_key, flag=func: flag self._cache_policy = func
Set the context cache policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should be cached. May be None.
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def _use_cache(self, key, options=None): """Return whether to use the context cache for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the key should be cached, False otherwise. """ flag = ContextOptions.use_cache(options) if flag is None: flag = self._cache_policy(key) if flag is None: flag = ContextOptions.use_cache(self._conn.config) if flag is None: flag = True return flag
Return whether to use the context cache for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the key should be cached, False otherwise.
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def set_memcache_policy(self, func): """Set the memcache policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should be cached. May be None. """ if func is None: func = self.default_memcache_policy elif isinstance(func, bool): func = lambda unused_key, flag=func: flag self._memcache_policy = func
Set the memcache policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should be cached. May be None.
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def _use_memcache(self, key, options=None): """Return whether to use memcache for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the key should be cached in memcache, False otherwise. """ flag = ContextOptions.use_memcache(options) if flag is None: flag = self._memcache_policy(key) if flag is None: flag = ContextOptions.use_memcache(self._conn.config) if flag is None: flag = True return flag
Return whether to use memcache for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the key should be cached in memcache, False otherwise.
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def default_datastore_policy(key): """Default datastore policy. This defers to _use_datastore on the Model class. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: A bool or None. """ flag = None if key is not None: modelclass = model.Model._kind_map.get(key.kind()) if modelclass is not None: policy = getattr(modelclass, '_use_datastore', None) if policy is not None: if isinstance(policy, bool): flag = policy else: flag = policy(key) return flag
Default datastore policy. This defers to _use_datastore on the Model class. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: A bool or None.
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def set_datastore_policy(self, func): """Set the context datastore policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should use the datastore. May be None. """ if func is None: func = self.default_datastore_policy elif isinstance(func, bool): func = lambda unused_key, flag=func: flag self._datastore_policy = func
Set the context datastore policy function. Args: func: A function that accepts a Key instance as argument and returns a bool indicating if it should use the datastore. May be None.
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def _use_datastore(self, key, options=None): """Return whether to use the datastore for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the datastore should be used, False otherwise. """ flag = ContextOptions.use_datastore(options) if flag is None: flag = self._datastore_policy(key) if flag is None: flag = ContextOptions.use_datastore(self._conn.config) if flag is None: flag = True return flag
Return whether to use the datastore for this key. Args: key: Key instance. options: ContextOptions instance, or None. Returns: True if the datastore should be used, False otherwise.
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def default_memcache_timeout_policy(key): """Default memcache timeout policy. This defers to _memcache_timeout on the Model class. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: Memcache timeout to use (integer), or None. """ timeout = None if key is not None and isinstance(key, model.Key): modelclass = model.Model._kind_map.get(key.kind()) if modelclass is not None: policy = getattr(modelclass, '_memcache_timeout', None) if policy is not None: if isinstance(policy, (int, long)): timeout = policy else: timeout = policy(key) return timeout
Default memcache timeout policy. This defers to _memcache_timeout on the Model class. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: Memcache timeout to use (integer), or None.
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def set_memcache_timeout_policy(self, func): """Set the policy function for memcache timeout (expiration). Args: func: A function that accepts a key instance as argument and returns an integer indicating the desired memcache timeout. May be None. If the function returns 0 it implies the default timeout. """ if func is None: func = self.default_memcache_timeout_policy elif isinstance(func, (int, long)): func = lambda unused_key, flag=func: flag self._memcache_timeout_policy = func
Set the policy function for memcache timeout (expiration). Args: func: A function that accepts a key instance as argument and returns an integer indicating the desired memcache timeout. May be None. If the function returns 0 it implies the default timeout.
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def _get_memcache_timeout(self, key, options=None): """Return the memcache timeout (expiration) for this key.""" timeout = ContextOptions.memcache_timeout(options) if timeout is None: timeout = self._memcache_timeout_policy(key) if timeout is None: timeout = ContextOptions.memcache_timeout(self._conn.config) if timeout is None: timeout = 0 return timeout
Return the memcache timeout (expiration) for this key.
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def _load_from_cache_if_available(self, key): """Returns a cached Model instance given the entity key if available. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: A Model instance if the key exists in the cache. """ if key in self._cache: entity = self._cache[key] # May be None, meaning "doesn't exist". if entity is None or entity._key == key: # If entity's key didn't change later, it is ok. # See issue 13. http://goo.gl/jxjOP raise tasklets.Return(entity)
Returns a cached Model instance given the entity key if available. Args: key: Key instance. Returns: A Model instance if the key exists in the cache.
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def get(self, key, **ctx_options): """Return a Model instance given the entity key. It will use the context cache if the cache policy for the given key is enabled. Args: key: Key instance. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A Model instance if the key exists in the datastore; None otherwise. """ options = _make_ctx_options(ctx_options) use_cache = self._use_cache(key, options) if use_cache: self._load_from_cache_if_available(key) use_datastore = self._use_datastore(key, options) if (use_datastore and isinstance(self._conn, datastore_rpc.TransactionalConnection)): use_memcache = False else: use_memcache = self._use_memcache(key, options) ns = key.namespace() memcache_deadline = None # Avoid worries about uninitialized variable. if use_memcache: mkey = self._memcache_prefix + key.urlsafe() memcache_deadline = self._get_memcache_deadline(options) mvalue = yield self.memcache_get(mkey, for_cas=use_datastore, namespace=ns, use_cache=True, deadline=memcache_deadline) # A value may have appeared while yielding. if use_cache: self._load_from_cache_if_available(key) if mvalue not in (_LOCKED, None): cls = model.Model._lookup_model(key.kind(), self._conn.adapter.default_model) pb = entity_pb.EntityProto() try: pb.MergePartialFromString(mvalue) except ProtocolBuffer.ProtocolBufferDecodeError: logging.warning('Corrupt memcache entry found ' 'with key %s and namespace %s' % (mkey, ns)) mvalue = None else: entity = cls._from_pb(pb) # Store the key on the entity since it wasn't written to memcache. entity._key = key if use_cache: # Update in-memory cache. self._cache[key] = entity raise tasklets.Return(entity) if mvalue is None and use_datastore: yield self.memcache_set(mkey, _LOCKED, time=_LOCK_TIME, namespace=ns, use_cache=True, deadline=memcache_deadline) yield self.memcache_gets(mkey, namespace=ns, use_cache=True, deadline=memcache_deadline) if not use_datastore: # NOTE: Do not cache this miss. In some scenarios this would # prevent an app from working properly. raise tasklets.Return(None) if use_cache: entity = yield self._get_batcher.add_once(key, options) else: entity = yield self._get_batcher.add(key, options) if entity is not None: if use_memcache and mvalue != _LOCKED: # Don't serialize the key since it's already the memcache key. pbs = entity._to_pb(set_key=False).SerializePartialToString() # Don't attempt to write to memcache if too big. Note that we # use LBYL ("look before you leap") because a multi-value # memcache operation would fail for all entities rather than # for just the one that's too big. (Also, the AutoBatcher # class doesn't pass back exceptions very well.) if len(pbs) <= memcache.MAX_VALUE_SIZE: timeout = self._get_memcache_timeout(key, options) # Don't use fire-and-forget -- for users who forget # @ndb.toplevel, it's too painful to diagnose why their simple # code using a single synchronous call doesn't seem to use # memcache. See issue 105. http://goo.gl/JQZxp yield self.memcache_cas(mkey, pbs, time=timeout, namespace=ns, deadline=memcache_deadline) if use_cache: # Cache hit or miss. NOTE: In this case it is okay to cache a # miss; the datastore is the ultimate authority. self._cache[key] = entity raise tasklets.Return(entity)
Return a Model instance given the entity key. It will use the context cache if the cache policy for the given key is enabled. Args: key: Key instance. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A Model instance if the key exists in the datastore; None otherwise.
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def call_on_commit(self, callback): """Call a callback upon successful commit of a transaction. If not in a transaction, the callback is called immediately. In a transaction, multiple callbacks may be registered and will be called once the transaction commits, in the order in which they were registered. If the transaction fails, the callbacks will not be called. If the callback raises an exception, it bubbles up normally. This means: If the callback is called immediately, any exception it raises will bubble up immediately. If the call is postponed until commit, remaining callbacks will be skipped and the exception will bubble up through the transaction() call. (However, the transaction is already committed at that point.) """ if not self.in_transaction(): callback() else: self._on_commit_queue.append(callback)
Call a callback upon successful commit of a transaction. If not in a transaction, the callback is called immediately. In a transaction, multiple callbacks may be registered and will be called once the transaction commits, in the order in which they were registered. If the transaction fails, the callbacks will not be called. If the callback raises an exception, it bubbles up normally. This means: If the callback is called immediately, any exception it raises will bubble up immediately. If the call is postponed until commit, remaining callbacks will be skipped and the exception will bubble up through the transaction() call. (However, the transaction is already committed at that point.)
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def get_nickname(userid): """Return a Future for a nickname from an account.""" account = yield get_account(userid) if not account: nickname = 'Unregistered' else: nickname = account.nickname or account.email raise ndb.Return(nickname)
Return a Future for a nickname from an account.
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def mark_done(task_id): """Marks a task as done. Args: task_id: The integer id of the task to update. Raises: ValueError: if the requested task doesn't exist. """ task = Task.get_by_id(task_id) if task is None: raise ValueError('Task with id %d does not exist' % task_id) task.done = True task.put()
Marks a task as done. Args: task_id: The integer id of the task to update. Raises: ValueError: if the requested task doesn't exist.
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def format_tasks(tasks): """Converts a list of tasks to a list of string representations. Args: tasks: A list of the tasks to convert. Returns: A list of string formatted tasks. """ return ['%d : %s (%s)' % (task.key.id(), task.description, ('done' if task.done else 'created %s' % task.created)) for task in tasks]
Converts a list of tasks to a list of string representations. Args: tasks: A list of the tasks to convert. Returns: A list of string formatted tasks.
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def handle_command(command): """Accepts a string command and performs an action. Args: command: the command to run as a string. """ try: cmds = command.split(None, 1) cmd = cmds[0] if cmd == 'new': add_task(get_arg(cmds)) elif cmd == 'done': mark_done(int(get_arg(cmds))) elif cmd == 'list': for task in format_tasks(list_tasks()): print task elif cmd == 'delete': delete_task(int(get_arg(cmds))) else: print_usage() except Exception, e: # pylint: disable=broad-except print e print_usage()
Accepts a string command and performs an action. Args: command: the command to run as a string.
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def delete_async(blob_key, **options): """Async version of delete().""" if not isinstance(blob_key, (basestring, BlobKey)): raise TypeError('Expected blob key, got %r' % (blob_key,)) rpc = blobstore.create_rpc(**options) yield blobstore.delete_async(blob_key, rpc=rpc)
Async version of delete().
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def delete_multi_async(blob_keys, **options): """Async version of delete_multi().""" if isinstance(blob_keys, (basestring, BlobKey)): raise TypeError('Expected a list, got %r' % (blob_key,)) rpc = blobstore.create_rpc(**options) yield blobstore.delete_async(blob_keys, rpc=rpc)
Async version of delete_multi().
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def create_upload_url(success_path, max_bytes_per_blob=None, max_bytes_total=None, **options): """Create upload URL for POST form. Args: success_path: Path within application to call when POST is successful and upload is complete. max_bytes_per_blob: The maximum size in bytes that any one blob in the upload can be or None for no maximum size. max_bytes_total: The maximum size in bytes that the aggregate sizes of all of the blobs in the upload can be or None for no maximum size. **options: Options for create_rpc(). Returns: The upload URL. Raises: TypeError: If max_bytes_per_blob or max_bytes_total are not integral types. ValueError: If max_bytes_per_blob or max_bytes_total are not positive values. """ fut = create_upload_url_async(success_path, max_bytes_per_blob=max_bytes_per_blob, max_bytes_total=max_bytes_total, **options) return fut.get_result()
Create upload URL for POST form. Args: success_path: Path within application to call when POST is successful and upload is complete. max_bytes_per_blob: The maximum size in bytes that any one blob in the upload can be or None for no maximum size. max_bytes_total: The maximum size in bytes that the aggregate sizes of all of the blobs in the upload can be or None for no maximum size. **options: Options for create_rpc(). Returns: The upload URL. Raises: TypeError: If max_bytes_per_blob or max_bytes_total are not integral types. ValueError: If max_bytes_per_blob or max_bytes_total are not positive values.
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def create_upload_url_async(success_path, max_bytes_per_blob=None, max_bytes_total=None, **options): """Async version of create_upload_url().""" rpc = blobstore.create_rpc(**options) rpc = blobstore.create_upload_url_async(success_path, max_bytes_per_blob=max_bytes_per_blob, max_bytes_total=max_bytes_total, rpc=rpc) result = yield rpc raise tasklets.Return(result)
Async version of create_upload_url().
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def parse_blob_info(field_storage): """Parse a BlobInfo record from file upload field_storage. Args: field_storage: cgi.FieldStorage that represents uploaded blob. Returns: BlobInfo record as parsed from the field-storage instance. None if there was no field_storage. Raises: BlobInfoParseError when provided field_storage does not contain enough information to construct a BlobInfo object. """ if field_storage is None: return None field_name = field_storage.name def get_value(dct, name): value = dct.get(name, None) if value is None: raise BlobInfoParseError( 'Field %s has no %s.' % (field_name, name)) return value filename = get_value(field_storage.disposition_options, 'filename') blob_key_str = get_value(field_storage.type_options, 'blob-key') blob_key = BlobKey(blob_key_str) upload_content = email.message_from_file(field_storage.file) content_type = get_value(upload_content, 'content-type') size = get_value(upload_content, 'content-length') creation_string = get_value(upload_content, UPLOAD_INFO_CREATION_HEADER) md5_hash_encoded = get_value(upload_content, 'content-md5') md5_hash = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(md5_hash_encoded) try: size = int(size) except (TypeError, ValueError): raise BlobInfoParseError( '%s is not a valid value for %s size.' % (size, field_name)) try: creation = blobstore._parse_creation(creation_string, field_name) except blobstore._CreationFormatError, err: raise BlobInfoParseError(str(err)) return BlobInfo(id=blob_key_str, content_type=content_type, creation=creation, filename=filename, size=size, md5_hash=md5_hash, )
Parse a BlobInfo record from file upload field_storage. Args: field_storage: cgi.FieldStorage that represents uploaded blob. Returns: BlobInfo record as parsed from the field-storage instance. None if there was no field_storage. Raises: BlobInfoParseError when provided field_storage does not contain enough information to construct a BlobInfo object.
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def fetch_data(blob, start_index, end_index, **options): """Fetch data for blob. Fetches a fragment of a blob up to MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE in length. Attempting to fetch a fragment that extends beyond the boundaries of the blob will return the amount of data from start_index until the end of the blob, which will be a smaller size than requested. Requesting a fragment which is entirely outside the boundaries of the blob will return empty string. Attempting to fetch a negative index will raise an exception. Args: blob: BlobInfo, BlobKey, str or unicode representation of BlobKey of blob to fetch data from. start_index: Start index of blob data to fetch. May not be negative. end_index: End index (inclusive) of blob data to fetch. Must be >= start_index. **options: Options for create_rpc(). Returns: str containing partial data of blob. If the indexes are legal but outside the boundaries of the blob, will return empty string. Raises: TypeError if start_index or end_index are not indexes. Also when blob is not a string, BlobKey or BlobInfo. DataIndexOutOfRangeError when start_index < 0 or end_index < start_index. BlobFetchSizeTooLargeError when request blob fragment is larger than MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE. BlobNotFoundError when blob does not exist. """ fut = fetch_data_async(blob, start_index, end_index, **options) return fut.get_result()
Fetch data for blob. Fetches a fragment of a blob up to MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE in length. Attempting to fetch a fragment that extends beyond the boundaries of the blob will return the amount of data from start_index until the end of the blob, which will be a smaller size than requested. Requesting a fragment which is entirely outside the boundaries of the blob will return empty string. Attempting to fetch a negative index will raise an exception. Args: blob: BlobInfo, BlobKey, str or unicode representation of BlobKey of blob to fetch data from. start_index: Start index of blob data to fetch. May not be negative. end_index: End index (inclusive) of blob data to fetch. Must be >= start_index. **options: Options for create_rpc(). Returns: str containing partial data of blob. If the indexes are legal but outside the boundaries of the blob, will return empty string. Raises: TypeError if start_index or end_index are not indexes. Also when blob is not a string, BlobKey or BlobInfo. DataIndexOutOfRangeError when start_index < 0 or end_index < start_index. BlobFetchSizeTooLargeError when request blob fragment is larger than MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE. BlobNotFoundError when blob does not exist.
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def fetch_data_async(blob, start_index, end_index, **options): """Async version of fetch_data().""" if isinstance(blob, BlobInfo): blob = blob.key() rpc = blobstore.create_rpc(**options) rpc = blobstore.fetch_data_async(blob, start_index, end_index, rpc=rpc) result = yield rpc raise tasklets.Return(result)
Async version of fetch_data().
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def get(cls, blob_key, **ctx_options): """Retrieve a BlobInfo by key. Args: blob_key: A blob key. This may be a str, unicode or BlobKey instance. **ctx_options: Context options for Model().get_by_id(). Returns: A BlobInfo entity associated with the provided key, If there was no such entity, returns None. """ fut = cls.get_async(blob_key, **ctx_options) return fut.get_result()
Retrieve a BlobInfo by key. Args: blob_key: A blob key. This may be a str, unicode or BlobKey instance. **ctx_options: Context options for Model().get_by_id(). Returns: A BlobInfo entity associated with the provided key, If there was no such entity, returns None.
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def get_async(cls, blob_key, **ctx_options): """Async version of get().""" if not isinstance(blob_key, (BlobKey, basestring)): raise TypeError('Expected blob key, got %r' % (blob_key,)) if 'parent' in ctx_options: raise TypeError('Parent is not supported') return cls.get_by_id_async(str(blob_key), **ctx_options)
Async version of get().
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def get_multi(cls, blob_keys, **ctx_options): """Multi-key version of get(). Args: blob_keys: A list of blob keys. **ctx_options: Context options for Model().get_by_id(). Returns: A list whose items are each either a BlobInfo entity or None. """ futs = cls.get_multi_async(blob_keys, **ctx_options) return [fut.get_result() for fut in futs]
Multi-key version of get(). Args: blob_keys: A list of blob keys. **ctx_options: Context options for Model().get_by_id(). Returns: A list whose items are each either a BlobInfo entity or None.
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def get_multi_async(cls, blob_keys, **ctx_options): """Async version of get_multi().""" for blob_key in blob_keys: if not isinstance(blob_key, (BlobKey, basestring)): raise TypeError('Expected blob key, got %r' % (blob_key,)) if 'parent' in ctx_options: raise TypeError('Parent is not supported') blob_key_strs = map(str, blob_keys) keys = [model.Key(BLOB_INFO_KIND, id) for id in blob_key_strs] return model.get_multi_async(keys, **ctx_options)
Async version of get_multi().
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def delete(self, **options): """Permanently delete this blob from Blobstore. Args: **options: Options for create_rpc(). """ fut = delete_async(self.key(), **options) fut.get_result()
Permanently delete this blob from Blobstore. Args: **options: Options for create_rpc().
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def __fill_buffer(self, size=0): """Fills the internal buffer. Args: size: Number of bytes to read. Will be clamped to [self.__buffer_size, MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE]. """ read_size = min(max(size, self.__buffer_size), MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE) self.__buffer = fetch_data(self.__blob_key, self.__position, self.__position + read_size - 1) self.__buffer_position = 0 self.__eof = len(self.__buffer) < read_size
Fills the internal buffer. Args: size: Number of bytes to read. Will be clamped to [self.__buffer_size, MAX_BLOB_FETCH_SIZE].
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def blob_info(self): """Returns the BlobInfo for this file.""" if not self.__blob_info: self.__blob_info = BlobInfo.get(self.__blob_key) return self.__blob_info
Returns the BlobInfo for this file.
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def make_connection(config=None, default_model=None, _api_version=datastore_rpc._DATASTORE_V3, _id_resolver=None): """Create a new Connection object with the right adapter. Optionally you can pass in a datastore_rpc.Configuration object. """ return datastore_rpc.Connection( adapter=ModelAdapter(default_model, id_resolver=_id_resolver), config=config, _api_version=_api_version)
Create a new Connection object with the right adapter. Optionally you can pass in a datastore_rpc.Configuration object.
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def _unpack_user(v): """Internal helper to unpack a User value from a protocol buffer.""" uv = v.uservalue() email = unicode(uv.email().decode('utf-8')) auth_domain = unicode(uv.auth_domain().decode('utf-8')) obfuscated_gaiaid = uv.obfuscated_gaiaid().decode('utf-8') obfuscated_gaiaid = unicode(obfuscated_gaiaid) federated_identity = None if uv.has_federated_identity(): federated_identity = unicode( uv.federated_identity().decode('utf-8')) value = users.User(email=email, _auth_domain=auth_domain, _user_id=obfuscated_gaiaid, federated_identity=federated_identity) return value
Internal helper to unpack a User value from a protocol buffer.
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def _date_to_datetime(value): """Convert a date to a datetime for Cloud Datastore storage. Args: value: A datetime.date object. Returns: A datetime object with time set to 0:00. """ if not isinstance(value, datetime.date): raise TypeError('Cannot convert to datetime expected date value; ' 'received %s' % value) return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
Convert a date to a datetime for Cloud Datastore storage. Args: value: A datetime.date object. Returns: A datetime object with time set to 0:00.
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def _time_to_datetime(value): """Convert a time to a datetime for Cloud Datastore storage. Args: value: A datetime.time object. Returns: A datetime object with date set to 1970-01-01. """ if not isinstance(value, datetime.time): raise TypeError('Cannot convert to datetime expected time value; ' 'received %s' % value) return datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, value.hour, value.minute, value.second, value.microsecond)
Convert a time to a datetime for Cloud Datastore storage. Args: value: A datetime.time object. Returns: A datetime object with date set to 1970-01-01.
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def transactional(func, args, kwds, **options): """Decorator to make a function automatically run in a transaction. Args: **ctx_options: Transaction options (see transaction(), but propagation default to TransactionOptions.ALLOWED). This supports two forms: (1) Vanilla: @transactional def callback(arg): ... (2) With options: @transactional(retries=1) def callback(arg): ... """ return transactional_async.wrapped_decorator( func, args, kwds, **options).get_result()
Decorator to make a function automatically run in a transaction. Args: **ctx_options: Transaction options (see transaction(), but propagation default to TransactionOptions.ALLOWED). This supports two forms: (1) Vanilla: @transactional def callback(arg): ... (2) With options: @transactional(retries=1) def callback(arg): ...
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def transactional_async(func, args, kwds, **options): """The async version of @ndb.transaction.""" options.setdefault('propagation', datastore_rpc.TransactionOptions.ALLOWED) if args or kwds: return transaction_async(lambda: func(*args, **kwds), **options) return transaction_async(func, **options)
The async version of @ndb.transaction.
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def transactional_tasklet(func, args, kwds, **options): """The async version of @ndb.transaction. Will return the result of the wrapped function as a Future. """ from . import tasklets func = tasklets.tasklet(func) return transactional_async.wrapped_decorator(func, args, kwds, **options)
The async version of @ndb.transaction. Will return the result of the wrapped function as a Future.
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def non_transactional(func, args, kwds, allow_existing=True): """A decorator that ensures a function is run outside a transaction. If there is an existing transaction (and allow_existing=True), the existing transaction is paused while the function is executed. Args: allow_existing: If false, throw an exception if called from within a transaction. If true, temporarily re-establish the previous non-transactional context. Defaults to True. This supports two forms, similar to transactional(). Returns: A wrapper for the decorated function that ensures it runs outside a transaction. """ from . import tasklets ctx = tasklets.get_context() if not ctx.in_transaction(): return func(*args, **kwds) if not allow_existing: raise datastore_errors.BadRequestError( '%s cannot be called within a transaction.' % func.__name__) save_ctx = ctx while ctx.in_transaction(): ctx = ctx._parent_context if ctx is None: raise datastore_errors.BadRequestError( 'Context without non-transactional ancestor') save_ds_conn = datastore._GetConnection() try: if hasattr(save_ctx, '_old_ds_conn'): datastore._SetConnection(save_ctx._old_ds_conn) tasklets.set_context(ctx) return func(*args, **kwds) finally: tasklets.set_context(save_ctx) datastore._SetConnection(save_ds_conn)
A decorator that ensures a function is run outside a transaction. If there is an existing transaction (and allow_existing=True), the existing transaction is paused while the function is executed. Args: allow_existing: If false, throw an exception if called from within a transaction. If true, temporarily re-establish the previous non-transactional context. Defaults to True. This supports two forms, similar to transactional(). Returns: A wrapper for the decorated function that ensures it runs outside a transaction.
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def _set(self, value): """Updates all descendants to a specified value.""" if self.__is_parent_node(): for child in self.__sub_counters.itervalues(): child._set(value) else: self.__counter = value
Updates all descendants to a specified value.
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def _comparison(self, op, value): """Internal helper for comparison operators. Args: op: The operator ('=', '<' etc.). Returns: A FilterNode instance representing the requested comparison. """ # NOTE: This is also used by query.gql(). if not self._indexed: raise datastore_errors.BadFilterError( 'Cannot query for unindexed property %s' % self._name) from .query import FilterNode # Import late to avoid circular imports. if value is not None: value = self._do_validate(value) value = self._call_to_base_type(value) value = self._datastore_type(value) return FilterNode(self._name, op, value)
Internal helper for comparison operators. Args: op: The operator ('=', '<' etc.). Returns: A FilterNode instance representing the requested comparison.
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def _IN(self, value): """Comparison operator for the 'in' comparison operator. The Python 'in' operator cannot be overloaded in the way we want to, so we define a method. For example:: Employee.query(Employee.rank.IN([4, 5, 6])) Note that the method is called ._IN() but may normally be invoked as .IN(); ._IN() is provided for the case you have a StructuredProperty with a model that has a Property named IN. """ if not self._indexed: raise datastore_errors.BadFilterError( 'Cannot query for unindexed property %s' % self._name) from .query import FilterNode # Import late to avoid circular imports. if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)): raise datastore_errors.BadArgumentError( 'Expected list, tuple or set, got %r' % (value,)) values = [] for val in value: if val is not None: val = self._do_validate(val) val = self._call_to_base_type(val) val = self._datastore_type(val) values.append(val) return FilterNode(self._name, 'in', values)
Comparison operator for the 'in' comparison operator. The Python 'in' operator cannot be overloaded in the way we want to, so we define a method. For example:: Employee.query(Employee.rank.IN([4, 5, 6])) Note that the method is called ._IN() but may normally be invoked as .IN(); ._IN() is provided for the case you have a StructuredProperty with a model that has a Property named IN.
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def _do_validate(self, value): """Call all validations on the value. This calls the most derived _validate() method(s), then the custom validator function, and then checks the choices. It returns the value, possibly modified in an idempotent way, or raises an exception. Note that this does not call all composable _validate() methods. It only calls _validate() methods up to but not including the first _to_base_type() method, when the MRO is traversed looking for _validate() and _to_base_type() methods. (IOW if a class defines both _validate() and _to_base_type(), its _validate() is called and then the search is aborted.) Note that for a repeated Property this function should be called for each item in the list, not for the list as a whole. """ if isinstance(value, _BaseValue): return value value = self._call_shallow_validation(value) if self._validator is not None: newvalue = self._validator(self, value) if newvalue is not None: value = newvalue if self._choices is not None: if value not in self._choices: raise datastore_errors.BadValueError( 'Value %r for property %s is not an allowed choice' % (value, self._name)) return value
Call all validations on the value. This calls the most derived _validate() method(s), then the custom validator function, and then checks the choices. It returns the value, possibly modified in an idempotent way, or raises an exception. Note that this does not call all composable _validate() methods. It only calls _validate() methods up to but not including the first _to_base_type() method, when the MRO is traversed looking for _validate() and _to_base_type() methods. (IOW if a class defines both _validate() and _to_base_type(), its _validate() is called and then the search is aborted.) Note that for a repeated Property this function should be called for each item in the list, not for the list as a whole.
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def _fix_up(self, cls, code_name): """Internal helper called to tell the property its name. This is called by _fix_up_properties() which is called by MetaModel when finishing the construction of a Model subclass. The name passed in is the name of the class attribute to which the Property is assigned (a.k.a. the code name). Note that this means that each Property instance must be assigned to (at most) one class attribute. E.g. to declare three strings, you must call StringProperty() three times, you cannot write foo = bar = baz = StringProperty() """ self._code_name = code_name if self._name is None: self._name = code_name
Internal helper called to tell the property its name. This is called by _fix_up_properties() which is called by MetaModel when finishing the construction of a Model subclass. The name passed in is the name of the class attribute to which the Property is assigned (a.k.a. the code name). Note that this means that each Property instance must be assigned to (at most) one class attribute. E.g. to declare three strings, you must call StringProperty() three times, you cannot write foo = bar = baz = StringProperty()
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def _set_value(self, entity, value): """Internal helper to set a value in an entity for a Property. This performs validation first. For a repeated Property the value should be a list. """ if entity._projection: raise ReadonlyPropertyError( 'You cannot set property values of a projection entity') if self._repeated: if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)): raise datastore_errors.BadValueError('Expected list or tuple, got %r' % (value,)) value = [self._do_validate(v) for v in value] else: if value is not None: value = self._do_validate(value) self._store_value(entity, value)
Internal helper to set a value in an entity for a Property. This performs validation first. For a repeated Property the value should be a list.
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def _retrieve_value(self, entity, default=None): """Internal helper to retrieve the value for this Property from an entity. This returns None if no value is set, or the default argument if given. For a repeated Property this returns a list if a value is set, otherwise None. No additional transformations are applied. """ return entity._values.get(self._name, default)
Internal helper to retrieve the value for this Property from an entity. This returns None if no value is set, or the default argument if given. For a repeated Property this returns a list if a value is set, otherwise None. No additional transformations are applied.
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def _get_base_value_unwrapped_as_list(self, entity): """Like _get_base_value(), but always returns a list. Returns: A new list of unwrapped base values. For an unrepeated property, if the value is missing or None, returns [None]; for a repeated property, if the original value is missing or None or empty, returns []. """ wrapped = self._get_base_value(entity) if self._repeated: if wrapped is None: return [] assert isinstance(wrapped, list) return [w.b_val for w in wrapped] else: if wrapped is None: return [None] assert isinstance(wrapped, _BaseValue) return [wrapped.b_val]
Like _get_base_value(), but always returns a list. Returns: A new list of unwrapped base values. For an unrepeated property, if the value is missing or None, returns [None]; for a repeated property, if the original value is missing or None or empty, returns [].
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def _opt_call_from_base_type(self, value): """Call _from_base_type() if necessary. If the value is a _BaseValue instance, unwrap it and call all _from_base_type() methods. Otherwise, return the value unchanged. """ if isinstance(value, _BaseValue): value = self._call_from_base_type(value.b_val) return value
Call _from_base_type() if necessary. If the value is a _BaseValue instance, unwrap it and call all _from_base_type() methods. Otherwise, return the value unchanged.
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def _opt_call_to_base_type(self, value): """Call _to_base_type() if necessary. If the value is a _BaseValue instance, return it unchanged. Otherwise, call all _validate() and _to_base_type() methods and wrap it in a _BaseValue instance. """ if not isinstance(value, _BaseValue): value = _BaseValue(self._call_to_base_type(value)) return value
Call _to_base_type() if necessary. If the value is a _BaseValue instance, return it unchanged. Otherwise, call all _validate() and _to_base_type() methods and wrap it in a _BaseValue instance.
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def _call_from_base_type(self, value): """Call all _from_base_type() methods on the value. This calls the methods in the reverse method resolution order of the property's class. """ methods = self._find_methods('_from_base_type', reverse=True) call = self._apply_list(methods) return call(value)
Call all _from_base_type() methods on the value. This calls the methods in the reverse method resolution order of the property's class.
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def _call_to_base_type(self, value): """Call all _validate() and _to_base_type() methods on the value. This calls the methods in the method resolution order of the property's class. """ methods = self._find_methods('_validate', '_to_base_type') call = self._apply_list(methods) return call(value)
Call all _validate() and _to_base_type() methods on the value. This calls the methods in the method resolution order of the property's class.
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def _call_shallow_validation(self, value): """Call the initial set of _validate() methods. This is similar to _call_to_base_type() except it only calls those _validate() methods that can be called without needing to call _to_base_type(). An example: suppose the class hierarchy is A -> B -> C -> Property, and suppose A defines _validate() only, but B and C define _validate() and _to_base_type(). The full list of methods called by _call_to_base_type() is:: A._validate() B._validate() B._to_base_type() C._validate() C._to_base_type() This method will call A._validate() and B._validate() but not the others. """ methods = [] for method in self._find_methods('_validate', '_to_base_type'): if method.__name__ != '_validate': break methods.append(method) call = self._apply_list(methods) return call(value)
Call the initial set of _validate() methods. This is similar to _call_to_base_type() except it only calls those _validate() methods that can be called without needing to call _to_base_type(). An example: suppose the class hierarchy is A -> B -> C -> Property, and suppose A defines _validate() only, but B and C define _validate() and _to_base_type(). The full list of methods called by _call_to_base_type() is:: A._validate() B._validate() B._to_base_type() C._validate() C._to_base_type() This method will call A._validate() and B._validate() but not the others.
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def _find_methods(cls, *names, **kwds): """Compute a list of composable methods. Because this is a common operation and the class hierarchy is static, the outcome is cached (assuming that for a particular list of names the reversed flag is either always on, or always off). Args: *names: One or more method names. reverse: Optional flag, default False; if True, the list is reversed. Returns: A list of callable class method objects. """ reverse = kwds.pop('reverse', False) assert not kwds, repr(kwds) cache = cls.__dict__.get('_find_methods_cache') if cache: hit = cache.get(names) if hit is not None: return hit else: cls._find_methods_cache = cache = {} methods = [] for c in cls.__mro__: for name in names: method = c.__dict__.get(name) if method is not None: methods.append(method) if reverse: methods.reverse() cache[names] = methods return methods
Compute a list of composable methods. Because this is a common operation and the class hierarchy is static, the outcome is cached (assuming that for a particular list of names the reversed flag is either always on, or always off). Args: *names: One or more method names. reverse: Optional flag, default False; if True, the list is reversed. Returns: A list of callable class method objects.
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def _apply_list(self, methods): """Return a single callable that applies a list of methods to a value. If a method returns None, the last value is kept; if it returns some other value, that replaces the last value. Exceptions are not caught. """ def call(value): for method in methods: newvalue = method(self, value) if newvalue is not None: value = newvalue return value return call
Return a single callable that applies a list of methods to a value. If a method returns None, the last value is kept; if it returns some other value, that replaces the last value. Exceptions are not caught.
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def _apply_to_values(self, entity, function): """Apply a function to the property value/values of a given entity. This retrieves the property value, applies the function, and then stores the value back. For a repeated property, the function is applied separately to each of the values in the list. The resulting value or list of values is both stored back in the entity and returned from this method. """ value = self._retrieve_value(entity, self._default) if self._repeated: if value is None: value = [] self._store_value(entity, value) else: value[:] = map(function, value) else: if value is not None: newvalue = function(value) if newvalue is not None and newvalue is not value: self._store_value(entity, newvalue) value = newvalue return value
Apply a function to the property value/values of a given entity. This retrieves the property value, applies the function, and then stores the value back. For a repeated property, the function is applied separately to each of the values in the list. The resulting value or list of values is both stored back in the entity and returned from this method.
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def _get_value(self, entity): """Internal helper to get the value for this Property from an entity. For a repeated Property this initializes the value to an empty list if it is not set. """ if entity._projection: if self._name not in entity._projection: raise UnprojectedPropertyError( 'Property %s is not in the projection' % (self._name,)) return self._get_user_value(entity)
Internal helper to get the value for this Property from an entity. For a repeated Property this initializes the value to an empty list if it is not set.
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def _delete_value(self, entity): """Internal helper to delete the value for this Property from an entity. Note that if no value exists this is a no-op; deleted values will not be serialized but requesting their value will return None (or an empty list in the case of a repeated Property). """ if self._name in entity._values: del entity._values[self._name]
Internal helper to delete the value for this Property from an entity. Note that if no value exists this is a no-op; deleted values will not be serialized but requesting their value will return None (or an empty list in the case of a repeated Property).
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def _is_initialized(self, entity): """Internal helper to ask if the entity has a value for this Property. This returns False if a value is stored but it is None. """ return (not self._required or ((self._has_value(entity) or self._default is not None) and self._get_value(entity) is not None))
Internal helper to ask if the entity has a value for this Property. This returns False if a value is stored but it is None.
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def _serialize(self, entity, pb, prefix='', parent_repeated=False, projection=None): """Internal helper to serialize this property to a protocol buffer. Subclasses may override this method. Args: entity: The entity, a Model (subclass) instance. pb: The protocol buffer, an EntityProto instance. prefix: Optional name prefix used for StructuredProperty (if present, must end in '.'). parent_repeated: True if the parent (or an earlier ancestor) is a repeated Property. projection: A list or tuple of strings representing the projection for the model instance, or None if the instance is not a projection. """ values = self._get_base_value_unwrapped_as_list(entity) name = prefix + self._name if projection and name not in projection: return if self._indexed: create_prop = lambda: pb.add_property() else: create_prop = lambda: pb.add_raw_property() if self._repeated and not values and self._write_empty_list: # We want to write the empty list p = create_prop() p.set_name(name) p.set_multiple(False) p.set_meaning(entity_pb.Property.EMPTY_LIST) p.mutable_value() else: # We write a list, or a single property for val in values: p = create_prop() p.set_name(name) p.set_multiple(self._repeated or parent_repeated) v = p.mutable_value() if val is not None: self._db_set_value(v, p, val) if projection: # Projected properties have the INDEX_VALUE meaning and only contain # the original property's name and value. new_p = entity_pb.Property() new_p.set_name(p.name()) new_p.set_meaning(entity_pb.Property.INDEX_VALUE) new_p.set_multiple(False) new_p.mutable_value().CopyFrom(v) p.CopyFrom(new_p)
Internal helper to serialize this property to a protocol buffer. Subclasses may override this method. Args: entity: The entity, a Model (subclass) instance. pb: The protocol buffer, an EntityProto instance. prefix: Optional name prefix used for StructuredProperty (if present, must end in '.'). parent_repeated: True if the parent (or an earlier ancestor) is a repeated Property. projection: A list or tuple of strings representing the projection for the model instance, or None if the instance is not a projection.
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def _deserialize(self, entity, p, unused_depth=1): """Internal helper to deserialize this property from a protocol buffer. Subclasses may override this method. Args: entity: The entity, a Model (subclass) instance. p: A Property Message object (a protocol buffer). depth: Optional nesting depth, default 1 (unused here, but used by some subclasses that override this method). """ if p.meaning() == entity_pb.Property.EMPTY_LIST: self._store_value(entity, []) return val = self._db_get_value(p.value(), p) if val is not None: val = _BaseValue(val) # TODO: replace the remainder of the function with the following commented # out code once its feasible to make breaking changes such as not calling # _store_value(). # if self._repeated: # entity._values.setdefault(self._name, []).append(val) # else: # entity._values[self._name] = val if self._repeated: if self._has_value(entity): value = self._retrieve_value(entity) assert isinstance(value, list), repr(value) value.append(val) else: # We promote single values to lists if we are a list property value = [val] else: value = val self._store_value(entity, value)
Internal helper to deserialize this property from a protocol buffer. Subclasses may override this method. Args: entity: The entity, a Model (subclass) instance. p: A Property Message object (a protocol buffer). depth: Optional nesting depth, default 1 (unused here, but used by some subclasses that override this method).
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def _check_property(self, rest=None, require_indexed=True): """Internal helper to check this property for specific requirements. Called by Model._check_properties(). Args: rest: Optional subproperty to check, of the form 'name1.name2...nameN'. Raises: InvalidPropertyError if this property does not meet the given requirements or if a subproperty is specified. (StructuredProperty overrides this method to handle subproperties.) """ if require_indexed and not self._indexed: raise InvalidPropertyError('Property is unindexed %s' % self._name) if rest: raise InvalidPropertyError('Referencing subproperty %s.%s ' 'but %s is not a structured property' % (self._name, rest, self._name))
Internal helper to check this property for specific requirements. Called by Model._check_properties(). Args: rest: Optional subproperty to check, of the form 'name1.name2...nameN'. Raises: InvalidPropertyError if this property does not meet the given requirements or if a subproperty is specified. (StructuredProperty overrides this method to handle subproperties.)
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def _set_value(self, entity, value): """Setter for key attribute.""" if value is not None: value = _validate_key(value, entity=entity) value = entity._validate_key(value) entity._entity_key = value
Setter for key attribute.
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def _get_value(self, entity): """Override _get_value() to *not* raise UnprojectedPropertyError.""" value = self._get_user_value(entity) if value is None and entity._projection: # Invoke super _get_value() to raise the proper exception. return super(StructuredProperty, self)._get_value(entity) return value
Override _get_value() to *not* raise UnprojectedPropertyError.
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def _check_property(self, rest=None, require_indexed=True): """Override for Property._check_property(). Raises: InvalidPropertyError if no subproperty is specified or if something is wrong with the subproperty. """ if not rest: raise InvalidPropertyError( 'Structured property %s requires a subproperty' % self._name) self._modelclass._check_properties([rest], require_indexed=require_indexed)
Override for Property._check_property(). Raises: InvalidPropertyError if no subproperty is specified or if something is wrong with the subproperty.
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def __get_arg(cls, kwds, kwd): """Internal helper method to parse keywords that may be property names.""" alt_kwd = '_' + kwd if alt_kwd in kwds: return kwds.pop(alt_kwd) if kwd in kwds: obj = getattr(cls, kwd, None) if not isinstance(obj, Property) or isinstance(obj, ModelKey): return kwds.pop(kwd) return None
Internal helper method to parse keywords that may be property names.
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def _set_attributes(self, kwds): """Internal helper to set attributes from keyword arguments. Expando overrides this. """ cls = self.__class__ for name, value in kwds.iteritems(): prop = getattr(cls, name) # Raises AttributeError for unknown properties. if not isinstance(prop, Property): raise TypeError('Cannot set non-property %s' % name) prop._set_value(self, value)
Internal helper to set attributes from keyword arguments. Expando overrides this.
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def _find_uninitialized(self): """Internal helper to find uninitialized properties. Returns: A set of property names. """ return set(name for name, prop in self._properties.iteritems() if not prop._is_initialized(self))
Internal helper to find uninitialized properties. Returns: A set of property names.
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def _check_initialized(self): """Internal helper to check for uninitialized properties. Raises: BadValueError if it finds any. """ baddies = self._find_uninitialized() if baddies: raise datastore_errors.BadValueError( 'Entity has uninitialized properties: %s' % ', '.join(baddies))
Internal helper to check for uninitialized properties. Raises: BadValueError if it finds any.
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def _reset_kind_map(cls): """Clear the kind map. Useful for testing.""" # Preserve "system" kinds, like __namespace__ keep = {} for name, value in cls._kind_map.iteritems(): if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): keep[name] = value cls._kind_map.clear() cls._kind_map.update(keep)
Clear the kind map. Useful for testing.
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def _lookup_model(cls, kind, default_model=None): """Get the model class for the kind. Args: kind: A string representing the name of the kind to lookup. default_model: The model class to use if the kind can't be found. Returns: The model class for the requested kind. Raises: KindError: The kind was not found and no default_model was provided. """ modelclass = cls._kind_map.get(kind, default_model) if modelclass is None: raise KindError( "No model class found for kind '%s'. Did you forget to import it?" % kind) return modelclass
Get the model class for the kind. Args: kind: A string representing the name of the kind to lookup. default_model: The model class to use if the kind can't be found. Returns: The model class for the requested kind. Raises: KindError: The kind was not found and no default_model was provided.
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def _equivalent(self, other): """Compare two entities of the same class, excluding keys.""" if other.__class__ is not self.__class__: # TODO: What about subclasses? raise NotImplementedError('Cannot compare different model classes. ' '%s is not %s' % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class_.__name__)) if set(self._projection) != set(other._projection): return False # It's all about determining inequality early. if len(self._properties) != len(other._properties): return False # Can only happen for Expandos. my_prop_names = set(self._properties.iterkeys()) their_prop_names = set(other._properties.iterkeys()) if my_prop_names != their_prop_names: return False # Again, only possible for Expandos. if self._projection: my_prop_names = set(self._projection) for name in my_prop_names: if '.' in name: name, _ = name.split('.', 1) my_value = self._properties[name]._get_value(self) their_value = other._properties[name]._get_value(other) if my_value != their_value: return False return True
Compare two entities of the same class, excluding keys.
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def _to_pb(self, pb=None, allow_partial=False, set_key=True): """Internal helper to turn an entity into an EntityProto protobuf.""" if not allow_partial: self._check_initialized() if pb is None: pb = entity_pb.EntityProto() if set_key: # TODO: Move the key stuff into ModelAdapter.entity_to_pb()? self._key_to_pb(pb) for unused_name, prop in sorted(self._properties.iteritems()): prop._serialize(self, pb, projection=self._projection) return pb
Internal helper to turn an entity into an EntityProto protobuf.
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def _key_to_pb(self, pb): """Internal helper to copy the key into a protobuf.""" key = self._key if key is None: pairs = [(self._get_kind(), None)] ref = key_module._ReferenceFromPairs(pairs, reference=pb.mutable_key()) else: ref = key.reference() pb.mutable_key().CopyFrom(ref) group = pb.mutable_entity_group() # Must initialize this. # To work around an SDK issue, only set the entity group if the # full key is complete. TODO: Remove the top test once fixed. if key is not None and key.id(): elem = ref.path().element(0) if elem.id() or elem.name(): group.add_element().CopyFrom(elem)
Internal helper to copy the key into a protobuf.
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def _from_pb(cls, pb, set_key=True, ent=None, key=None): """Internal helper to create an entity from an EntityProto protobuf.""" if not isinstance(pb, entity_pb.EntityProto): raise TypeError('pb must be a EntityProto; received %r' % pb) if ent is None: ent = cls() # A key passed in overrides a key in the pb. if key is None and pb.key().path().element_size(): key = Key(reference=pb.key()) # If set_key is not set, skip a trivial incomplete key. if key is not None and (set_key or key.id() or key.parent()): ent._key = key # NOTE(darke): Keep a map from (indexed, property name) to the property. # This allows us to skip the (relatively) expensive call to # _get_property_for for repeated fields. _property_map = {} projection = [] for indexed, plist in ((True, pb.property_list()), (False, pb.raw_property_list())): for p in plist: if p.meaning() == entity_pb.Property.INDEX_VALUE: projection.append(p.name()) property_map_key = (p.name(), indexed) if property_map_key not in _property_map: _property_map[property_map_key] = ent._get_property_for(p, indexed) _property_map[property_map_key]._deserialize(ent, p) ent._set_projection(projection) return ent
Internal helper to create an entity from an EntityProto protobuf.
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def _get_property_for(self, p, indexed=True, depth=0): """Internal helper to get the Property for a protobuf-level property.""" parts = p.name().split('.') if len(parts) <= depth: # Apparently there's an unstructured value here. # Assume it is a None written for a missing value. # (It could also be that a schema change turned an unstructured # value into a structured one. In that case, too, it seems # better to return None than to return an unstructured value, # since the latter doesn't match the current schema.) return None next = parts[depth] prop = self._properties.get(next) if prop is None: prop = self._fake_property(p, next, indexed) return prop
Internal helper to get the Property for a protobuf-level property.
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def _clone_properties(self): """Internal helper to clone self._properties if necessary.""" cls = self.__class__ if self._properties is cls._properties: self._properties = dict(cls._properties)
Internal helper to clone self._properties if necessary.
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def _fake_property(self, p, next, indexed=True): """Internal helper to create a fake Property.""" self._clone_properties() if p.name() != next and not p.name().endswith('.' + next): prop = StructuredProperty(Expando, next) prop._store_value(self, _BaseValue(Expando())) else: compressed = p.meaning_uri() == _MEANING_URI_COMPRESSED prop = GenericProperty(next, repeated=p.multiple(), indexed=indexed, compressed=compressed) prop._code_name = next self._properties[prop._name] = prop return prop
Internal helper to create a fake Property.
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def _to_dict(self, include=None, exclude=None): """Return a dict containing the entity's property values. Args: include: Optional set of property names to include, default all. exclude: Optional set of property names to skip, default none. A name contained in both include and exclude is excluded. """ if (include is not None and not isinstance(include, (list, tuple, set, frozenset))): raise TypeError('include should be a list, tuple or set') if (exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (list, tuple, set, frozenset))): raise TypeError('exclude should be a list, tuple or set') values = {} for prop in self._properties.itervalues(): name = prop._code_name if include is not None and name not in include: continue if exclude is not None and name in exclude: continue try: values[name] = prop._get_for_dict(self) except UnprojectedPropertyError: pass # Ignore unprojected properties rather than failing. return values
Return a dict containing the entity's property values. Args: include: Optional set of property names to include, default all. exclude: Optional set of property names to skip, default none. A name contained in both include and exclude is excluded.
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def _fix_up_properties(cls): """Fix up the properties by calling their _fix_up() method. Note: This is called by MetaModel, but may also be called manually after dynamically updating a model class. """ # Verify that _get_kind() returns an 8-bit string. kind = cls._get_kind() if not isinstance(kind, basestring): raise KindError('Class %s defines a _get_kind() method that returns ' 'a non-string (%r)' % (cls.__name__, kind)) if not isinstance(kind, str): try: kind = kind.encode('ascii') # ASCII contents is okay. except UnicodeEncodeError: raise KindError('Class %s defines a _get_kind() method that returns ' 'a Unicode string (%r); please encode using utf-8' % (cls.__name__, kind)) cls._properties = {} # Map of {name: Property} if cls.__module__ == __name__: # Skip the classes in *this* file. return for name in set(dir(cls)): attr = getattr(cls, name, None) if isinstance(attr, ModelAttribute) and not isinstance(attr, ModelKey): if name.startswith('_'): raise TypeError('ModelAttribute %s cannot begin with an underscore ' 'character. _ prefixed attributes are reserved for ' 'temporary Model instance values.' % name) attr._fix_up(cls, name) if isinstance(attr, Property): if (attr._repeated or (isinstance(attr, StructuredProperty) and attr._modelclass._has_repeated)): cls._has_repeated = True cls._properties[attr._name] = attr cls._update_kind_map()
Fix up the properties by calling their _fix_up() method. Note: This is called by MetaModel, but may also be called manually after dynamically updating a model class.
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def _check_properties(cls, property_names, require_indexed=True): """Internal helper to check the given properties exist and meet specified requirements. Called from query.py. Args: property_names: List or tuple of property names -- each being a string, possibly containing dots (to address subproperties of structured properties). Raises: InvalidPropertyError if one of the properties is invalid. AssertionError if the argument is not a list or tuple of strings. """ assert isinstance(property_names, (list, tuple)), repr(property_names) for name in property_names: assert isinstance(name, basestring), repr(name) if '.' in name: name, rest = name.split('.', 1) else: rest = None prop = cls._properties.get(name) if prop is None: cls._unknown_property(name) else: prop._check_property(rest, require_indexed=require_indexed)
Internal helper to check the given properties exist and meet specified requirements. Called from query.py. Args: property_names: List or tuple of property names -- each being a string, possibly containing dots (to address subproperties of structured properties). Raises: InvalidPropertyError if one of the properties is invalid. AssertionError if the argument is not a list or tuple of strings.
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def _query(cls, *args, **kwds): """Create a Query object for this class. Args: distinct: Optional bool, short hand for group_by = projection. *args: Used to apply an initial filter **kwds: are passed to the Query() constructor. Returns: A Query object. """ # Validating distinct. if 'distinct' in kwds: if 'group_by' in kwds: raise TypeError( 'cannot use distinct= and group_by= at the same time') projection = kwds.get('projection') if not projection: raise TypeError( 'cannot use distinct= without projection=') if kwds.pop('distinct'): kwds['group_by'] = projection # TODO: Disallow non-empty args and filter=. from .query import Query # Import late to avoid circular imports. qry = Query(kind=cls._get_kind(), **kwds) qry = qry.filter(*cls._default_filters()) qry = qry.filter(*args) return qry
Create a Query object for this class. Args: distinct: Optional bool, short hand for group_by = projection. *args: Used to apply an initial filter **kwds: are passed to the Query() constructor. Returns: A Query object.
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def _gql(cls, query_string, *args, **kwds): """Run a GQL query.""" from .query import gql # Import late to avoid circular imports. return gql('SELECT * FROM %s %s' % (cls._class_name(), query_string), *args, **kwds)
Run a GQL query.
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def _put_async(self, **ctx_options): """Write this entity to Cloud Datastore. This is the asynchronous version of Model._put(). """ if self._projection: raise datastore_errors.BadRequestError('Cannot put a partial entity') from . import tasklets ctx = tasklets.get_context() self._prepare_for_put() if self._key is None: self._key = Key(self._get_kind(), None) self._pre_put_hook() fut = ctx.put(self, **ctx_options) post_hook = self._post_put_hook if not self._is_default_hook(Model._default_post_put_hook, post_hook): fut.add_immediate_callback(post_hook, fut) return fut
Write this entity to Cloud Datastore. This is the asynchronous version of Model._put().
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def _get_or_insert(*args, **kwds): """Transactionally retrieves an existing entity or creates a new one. Positional Args: name: Key name to retrieve or create. Keyword Args: namespace: Optional namespace. app: Optional app ID. parent: Parent entity key, if any. context_options: ContextOptions object (not keyword args!) or None. **kwds: Keyword arguments to pass to the constructor of the model class if an instance for the specified key name does not already exist. If an instance with the supplied key_name and parent already exists, these arguments will be discarded. Returns: Existing instance of Model class with the specified key name and parent or a new one that has just been created. """ cls, args = args[0], args[1:] return cls._get_or_insert_async(*args, **kwds).get_result()
Transactionally retrieves an existing entity or creates a new one. Positional Args: name: Key name to retrieve or create. Keyword Args: namespace: Optional namespace. app: Optional app ID. parent: Parent entity key, if any. context_options: ContextOptions object (not keyword args!) or None. **kwds: Keyword arguments to pass to the constructor of the model class if an instance for the specified key name does not already exist. If an instance with the supplied key_name and parent already exists, these arguments will be discarded. Returns: Existing instance of Model class with the specified key name and parent or a new one that has just been created.
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def _get_or_insert_async(*args, **kwds): """Transactionally retrieves an existing entity or creates a new one. This is the asynchronous version of Model._get_or_insert(). """ # NOTE: The signature is really weird here because we want to support # models with properties named e.g. 'cls' or 'name'. from . import tasklets cls, name = args # These must always be positional. get_arg = cls.__get_arg app = get_arg(kwds, 'app') namespace = get_arg(kwds, 'namespace') parent = get_arg(kwds, 'parent') context_options = get_arg(kwds, 'context_options') # (End of super-special argument parsing.) # TODO: Test the heck out of this, in all sorts of evil scenarios. if not isinstance(name, basestring): raise TypeError('name must be a string; received %r' % name) elif not name: raise ValueError('name cannot be an empty string.') key = Key(cls, name, app=app, namespace=namespace, parent=parent) @tasklets.tasklet def internal_tasklet(): @tasklets.tasklet def txn(): ent = yield key.get_async(options=context_options) if ent is None: ent = cls(**kwds) # TODO: Use _populate(). ent._key = key yield ent.put_async(options=context_options) raise tasklets.Return(ent) if in_transaction(): # Run txn() in existing transaction. ent = yield txn() else: # Maybe avoid a transaction altogether. ent = yield key.get_async(options=context_options) if ent is None: # Run txn() in new transaction. ent = yield transaction_async(txn) raise tasklets.Return(ent) return internal_tasklet()
Transactionally retrieves an existing entity or creates a new one. This is the asynchronous version of Model._get_or_insert().
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def _allocate_ids(cls, size=None, max=None, parent=None, **ctx_options): """Allocates a range of key IDs for this model class. Args: size: Number of IDs to allocate. Either size or max can be specified, not both. max: Maximum ID to allocate. Either size or max can be specified, not both. parent: Parent key for which the IDs will be allocated. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A tuple with (start, end) for the allocated range, inclusive. """ return cls._allocate_ids_async(size=size, max=max, parent=parent, **ctx_options).get_result()
Allocates a range of key IDs for this model class. Args: size: Number of IDs to allocate. Either size or max can be specified, not both. max: Maximum ID to allocate. Either size or max can be specified, not both. parent: Parent key for which the IDs will be allocated. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A tuple with (start, end) for the allocated range, inclusive.
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def _allocate_ids_async(cls, size=None, max=None, parent=None, **ctx_options): """Allocates a range of key IDs for this model class. This is the asynchronous version of Model._allocate_ids(). """ from . import tasklets ctx = tasklets.get_context() cls._pre_allocate_ids_hook(size, max, parent) key = Key(cls._get_kind(), None, parent=parent) fut = ctx.allocate_ids(key, size=size, max=max, **ctx_options) post_hook = cls._post_allocate_ids_hook if not cls._is_default_hook(Model._default_post_allocate_ids_hook, post_hook): fut.add_immediate_callback(post_hook, size, max, parent, fut) return fut
Allocates a range of key IDs for this model class. This is the asynchronous version of Model._allocate_ids().
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def _get_by_id(cls, id, parent=None, **ctx_options): """Returns an instance of Model class by ID. This is really just a shorthand for Key(cls, id, ...).get(). Args: id: A string or integer key ID. parent: Optional parent key of the model to get. namespace: Optional namespace. app: Optional app ID. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A model instance or None if not found. """ return cls._get_by_id_async(id, parent=parent, **ctx_options).get_result()
Returns an instance of Model class by ID. This is really just a shorthand for Key(cls, id, ...).get(). Args: id: A string or integer key ID. parent: Optional parent key of the model to get. namespace: Optional namespace. app: Optional app ID. **ctx_options: Context options. Returns: A model instance or None if not found.
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def _get_by_id_async(cls, id, parent=None, app=None, namespace=None, **ctx_options): """Returns an instance of Model class by ID (and app, namespace). This is the asynchronous version of Model._get_by_id(). """ key = Key(cls._get_kind(), id, parent=parent, app=app, namespace=namespace) return key.get_async(**ctx_options)
Returns an instance of Model class by ID (and app, namespace). This is the asynchronous version of Model._get_by_id().
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def _is_default_hook(default_hook, hook): """Checks whether a specific hook is in its default state. Args: cls: A ndb.model.Model class. default_hook: Callable specified by ndb internally (do not override). hook: The hook defined by a model class using _post_*_hook. Raises: TypeError if either the default hook or the tested hook are not callable. """ if not hasattr(default_hook, '__call__'): raise TypeError('Default hooks for ndb.model.Model must be callable') if not hasattr(hook, '__call__'): raise TypeError('Hooks must be callable') return default_hook.im_func is hook.im_func
Checks whether a specific hook is in its default state. Args: cls: A ndb.model.Model class. default_hook: Callable specified by ndb internally (do not override). hook: The hook defined by a model class using _post_*_hook. Raises: TypeError if either the default hook or the tested hook are not callable.
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def _ConstructReference(cls, pairs=None, flat=None, reference=None, serialized=None, urlsafe=None, app=None, namespace=None, parent=None): """Construct a Reference; the signature is the same as for Key.""" if cls is not Key: raise TypeError('Cannot construct Key reference on non-Key class; ' 'received %r' % cls) if (bool(pairs) + bool(flat) + bool(reference) + bool(serialized) + bool(urlsafe)) != 1: raise TypeError('Cannot construct Key reference from incompatible keyword ' 'arguments.') if flat or pairs: if flat: if len(flat) % 2: raise TypeError('_ConstructReference() must have an even number of ' 'positional arguments.') pairs = [(flat[i], flat[i + 1]) for i in xrange(0, len(flat), 2)] elif parent is not None: pairs = list(pairs) if not pairs: raise TypeError('Key references must consist of at least one pair.') if parent is not None: if not isinstance(parent, Key): raise datastore_errors.BadValueError( 'Expected Key instance, got %r' % parent) pairs[:0] = parent.pairs() if app: if app != parent.app(): raise ValueError('Cannot specify a different app %r ' 'than the parent app %r' % (app, parent.app())) else: app = parent.app() if namespace is not None: if namespace != parent.namespace(): raise ValueError('Cannot specify a different namespace %r ' 'than the parent namespace %r' % (namespace, parent.namespace())) else: namespace = parent.namespace() reference = _ReferenceFromPairs(pairs, app=app, namespace=namespace) else: if parent is not None: raise TypeError('Key reference cannot be constructed when the parent ' 'argument is combined with either reference, serialized ' 'or urlsafe arguments.') if urlsafe: serialized = _DecodeUrlSafe(urlsafe) if serialized: reference = _ReferenceFromSerialized(serialized) if not reference.path().element_size(): raise RuntimeError('Key reference has no path or elements (%r, %r, %r).' % (urlsafe, serialized, str(reference))) # TODO: ensure that each element has a type and either an id or a name if not serialized: reference = _ReferenceFromReference(reference) # You needn't specify app= or namespace= together with reference=, # serialized= or urlsafe=, but if you do, their values must match # what is already in the reference. if app is not None: ref_app = reference.app() if app != ref_app: raise RuntimeError('Key reference constructed uses a different app %r ' 'than the one specified %r' % (ref_app, app)) if namespace is not None: ref_namespace = reference.name_space() if namespace != ref_namespace: raise RuntimeError('Key reference constructed uses a different ' 'namespace %r than the one specified %r' % (ref_namespace, namespace)) return reference
Construct a Reference; the signature is the same as for Key.
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def _ReferenceFromPairs(pairs, reference=None, app=None, namespace=None): """Construct a Reference from a list of pairs. If a Reference is passed in as the second argument, it is modified in place. The app and namespace are set from the corresponding keyword arguments, with the customary defaults. """ if reference is None: reference = entity_pb.Reference() path = reference.mutable_path() last = False for kind, idorname in pairs: if last: raise datastore_errors.BadArgumentError( 'Incomplete Key entry must be last') t = type(kind) if t is str: pass elif t is unicode: kind = kind.encode('utf8') else: if issubclass(t, type): # Late import to avoid cycles. from .model import Model modelclass = kind if not issubclass(modelclass, Model): raise TypeError('Key kind must be either a string or subclass of ' 'Model; received %r' % modelclass) kind = modelclass._get_kind() t = type(kind) if t is str: pass elif t is unicode: kind = kind.encode('utf8') elif issubclass(t, str): pass elif issubclass(t, unicode): kind = kind.encode('utf8') else: raise TypeError('Key kind must be either a string or subclass of Model;' ' received %r' % kind) # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= len(kind) <= _MAX_KEYPART_BYTES): raise ValueError('Key kind string must be a non-empty string up to %i' 'bytes; received %s' % (_MAX_KEYPART_BYTES, kind)) elem = path.add_element() elem.set_type(kind) t = type(idorname) if t is int or t is long: # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= idorname < _MAX_LONG): raise ValueError('Key id number is too long; received %i' % idorname) elem.set_id(idorname) elif t is str: # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= len(idorname) <= _MAX_KEYPART_BYTES): raise ValueError('Key name strings must be non-empty strings up to %i ' 'bytes; received %s' % (_MAX_KEYPART_BYTES, idorname)) elem.set_name(idorname) elif t is unicode: idorname = idorname.encode('utf8') # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= len(idorname) <= _MAX_KEYPART_BYTES): raise ValueError('Key name unicode strings must be non-empty strings up' ' to %i bytes; received %s' % (_MAX_KEYPART_BYTES, idorname)) elem.set_name(idorname) elif idorname is None: last = True elif issubclass(t, (int, long)): # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= idorname < _MAX_LONG): raise ValueError('Key id number is too long; received %i' % idorname) elem.set_id(idorname) elif issubclass(t, basestring): if issubclass(t, unicode): idorname = idorname.encode('utf8') # pylint: disable=superfluous-parens if not (1 <= len(idorname) <= _MAX_KEYPART_BYTES): raise ValueError('Key name strings must be non-empty strings up to %i ' 'bytes; received %s' % (_MAX_KEYPART_BYTES, idorname)) elem.set_name(idorname) else: raise TypeError('id must be either a numeric id or a string name; ' 'received %r' % idorname) # An empty app id means to use the default app id. if not app: app = _DefaultAppId() # Always set the app id, since it is mandatory. reference.set_app(app) # An empty namespace overrides the default namespace. if namespace is None: namespace = _DefaultNamespace() # Only set the namespace if it is not empty. if namespace: reference.set_name_space(namespace) return reference
Construct a Reference from a list of pairs. If a Reference is passed in as the second argument, it is modified in place. The app and namespace are set from the corresponding keyword arguments, with the customary defaults.
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def _ReferenceFromSerialized(serialized): """Construct a Reference from a serialized Reference.""" if not isinstance(serialized, basestring): raise TypeError('serialized must be a string; received %r' % serialized) elif isinstance(serialized, unicode): serialized = serialized.encode('utf8') return entity_pb.Reference(serialized)
Construct a Reference from a serialized Reference.
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def _DecodeUrlSafe(urlsafe): """Decode a url-safe base64-encoded string. This returns the decoded string. """ if not isinstance(urlsafe, basestring): raise TypeError('urlsafe must be a string; received %r' % urlsafe) if isinstance(urlsafe, unicode): urlsafe = urlsafe.encode('utf8') mod = len(urlsafe) % 4 if mod: urlsafe += '=' * (4 - mod) # This is 3-4x faster than urlsafe_b64decode() return base64.b64decode(urlsafe.replace('-', '+').replace('_', '/'))
Decode a url-safe base64-encoded string. This returns the decoded string.
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def _parse_from_ref(cls, pairs=None, flat=None, reference=None, serialized=None, urlsafe=None, app=None, namespace=None, parent=None): """Construct a Reference; the signature is the same as for Key.""" if cls is not Key: raise TypeError('Cannot construct Key reference on non-Key class; ' 'received %r' % cls) if (bool(pairs) + bool(flat) + bool(reference) + bool(serialized) + bool(urlsafe) + bool(parent)) != 1: raise TypeError('Cannot construct Key reference from incompatible ' 'keyword arguments.') if urlsafe: serialized = _DecodeUrlSafe(urlsafe) if serialized: reference = _ReferenceFromSerialized(serialized) if reference: reference = _ReferenceFromReference(reference) pairs = [] elem = None path = reference.path() for elem in path.element_list(): kind = elem.type() if elem.has_id(): id_or_name = elem.id() else: id_or_name = elem.name() if not id_or_name: id_or_name = None tup = (kind, id_or_name) pairs.append(tup) if elem is None: raise RuntimeError('Key reference has no path or elements (%r, %r, %r).' % (urlsafe, serialized, str(reference))) # TODO: ensure that each element has a type and either an id or a name # You needn't specify app= or namespace= together with reference=, # serialized= or urlsafe=, but if you do, their values must match # what is already in the reference. ref_app = reference.app() if app is not None: if app != ref_app: raise RuntimeError('Key reference constructed uses a different app %r ' 'than the one specified %r' % (ref_app, app)) ref_namespace = reference.name_space() if namespace is not None: if namespace != ref_namespace: raise RuntimeError('Key reference constructed uses a different ' 'namespace %r than the one specified %r' % (ref_namespace, namespace)) return (reference, tuple(pairs), ref_app, ref_namespace)
Construct a Reference; the signature is the same as for Key.
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def parent(self): """Return a Key constructed from all but the last (kind, id) pairs. If there is only one (kind, id) pair, return None. """ pairs = self.__pairs if len(pairs) <= 1: return None return Key(pairs=pairs[:-1], app=self.__app, namespace=self.__namespace)
Return a Key constructed from all but the last (kind, id) pairs. If there is only one (kind, id) pair, return None.
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def string_id(self): """Return the string id in the last (kind, id) pair, if any. Returns: A string id, or None if the key has an integer id or is incomplete. """ id = self.id() if not isinstance(id, basestring): id = None return id
Return the string id in the last (kind, id) pair, if any. Returns: A string id, or None if the key has an integer id or is incomplete.
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def integer_id(self): """Return the integer id in the last (kind, id) pair, if any. Returns: An integer id, or None if the key has a string id or is incomplete. """ id = self.id() if not isinstance(id, (int, long)): id = None return id
Return the integer id in the last (kind, id) pair, if any. Returns: An integer id, or None if the key has a string id or is incomplete.
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def flat(self): """Return a tuple of alternating kind and id values.""" flat = [] for kind, id in self.__pairs: flat.append(kind) flat.append(id) return tuple(flat)
Return a tuple of alternating kind and id values.
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