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He succeeded at a very young age and in 1912 set the United States altitude record. | Daarin slaagde hij al op zeer jonge leeftijd en in 1912 verbeterde hij het Amerikaanse hoogterecord. |
in about the year 1320. One difficulty with this interpretation is that there are no contemporary written reports of any supernova at that time or in that part of the sky, which may be due to the fact that most observers at the time were from the Northern hemisphere. The central compact object (CCO) was discovered in 2001. In the initial Chandra X-ray image and deeper images thereafter, no pulsations were detected from the compact remnant, which is believed to be the neutron star CXOU J085201.4-461753. | and exploded comparatively recently (as seen from Earth), perhaps within the last 800 years. If the remnant is indeed young and nearby, its corresponding supernova should have been visible from the Earth in about the year 1320. One difficulty with this interpretation is that there are no contemporary written reports of any supernova at that time or in that part of the sky, which may be due to the fact that most observers at the time were from the Northern hemisphere. The central compact object (CCO) was discovered in 2001. In the initial Chandra X-ray image and deeper images thereafter, no pulsations were detected from the |
the Karachay-Cherkess Republic City divisions Prikubansky Okrug, an okrug of the city of Krasnodar, the administrative | the Karachay-Cherkess Republic City divisions Prikubansky Okrug, an okrug of the city of Krasnodar, the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai See also Prikubansky (disambiguation) References |
are a line of more than 100 unique toys, produced and sold from 1978 to 1985, among a total of more than 300 million Star Wars action figures sold then. Kenner began producing new Star Wars action figures in 1995. History The license for Star Wars action figures was offered in 1976 to the Mego Corporation, which was the leading company in action figures in the 1970s. Mego refused the offer and the license was subsequently picked up by Kenner, a division of General Mills Fun Group. Star Wars (1977) was the first film to successfully market toys based on the movie. In fact, they were so successful that George Lucas independently used the funds to finance the next two movie chapters, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). Although the original Star Wars film had been released in May 1977, Kenner was unprepared for the unprecedented response to the film and the high demand for toys, mainly due to George Lucas's unwillingness to provide character/vehicle designs for fear his creations would be plagiarized by movie/tv competitors. Unable to build sufficient stock in time for the lucrative Christmas market, they instead sold an "Early Bird Certificate Package" which included a certificate which could be mailed to Kenner and redeemed for four Star Wars action figures. The first four figures to be distributed were Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Chewbacca and R2-D2. The box also contains a diorama display stand, some stickers, and a Star Wars fan club membership card. By the time the action figures were offered for direct sale in shops, the range had been augmented with a further eight figures—C-3PO, Darth Vader, Stormtrooper, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Han Solo, Jawa, Sand People, and Death Squad Commander—bringing the total number of figures in the initial release to twelve. These were supplemented later in 1978 with a number of vehicle and playset accessories, as well as the J.C. Penney exclusive Sonic controlled landspeeder and the Sears exclusive Cantina adventure playset which introduced four new figures. The four figures that were first brought out in the Sears Cantina set were released for individual sale with a further four figures later in 1978, bringing the total number of figures to 20. Demand for the action figures and accessories was such that Kenner continued to have difficulty fulfilling demand. Shortages of the toys in the lead up to Christmas 1978 led some to claim that Kenner was deliberately manipulating the market. Sales of Kenner's Star Wars range in 1978 reached 40 million units, accounting for a revenue of $100 million. In the anticipation of the release of the sequel movie The Empire Strikes Back, Kenner offered its first mail-in promotion, in which four proofs of purchase could be redeemed for a new action figure, Boba Fett. This figure was originally intended to feature a backpack with a firing missile, but this was abandoned due to safety concerns. Similar mail-in promotions were periodically offered through to 1984. Sales in 1979 again topped $100 million. Kenner continued to introduce waves of action figures from the sequels and in 1984, the year following the release of the movie Return of the Jedi, the range totaled 79 unique character designs (not including the retired versions of R2-D2 and C-3PO). In 1985, the figure range was renamed Power of the Force in which a further 15 figures were released. Two further ranges of Star Wars action figures were also released, based on the animated series, Star Wars: Droids and Star Wars: Ewoks. The Droids range comprised 12 figures (two of which were identical to figures from the main Star Wars line) and the Ewoks line comprised six figures. By mid-1985, the demand for Star Wars merchandise had slowed and Kenner discontinued production of its action figures. However, Kenner would produce the new line of Star Wars toys which began in 1995. Description The Star Wars action figures are plastic, usually smaller than four inches (10 cm), and are typically poseable at five points on their bodies, but there are many differences and unique qualities in the individual figures that depart from these norms. Kenner's Star Wars action figures were produced along with vehicles and playsets based on the Star Wars movies. The majority of figures were packaged individually attached to "cardbacks" in a plastic blister. List of Kenner Star Wars action figures Figure variations Variations exist for most of the different figures. These can range from major resculpts and differences in accessories supplied with the figures, to differences in paint detailing, for instance in hair color, or differences in sculpting materials. Some variations command higher prices in the collector market due to relative scarcity. During the Empire Strikes Back run, the R2-D2 figure was altered to include an extendable "sensorscope." Similarly, C-3PO was resculpted with removable limbs. In 1985, R2-D2 was again altered to feature a pop-up lightsaber. Both the removable limb C-3PO and pop-up lightsaber R2-D2 were offered with alternate paint detailing in the Droids range. The lightsaber-wielding characters originally featured a double-telescoping saber mechanism. This was changed to a single-telescoping mechanism early in 1978. As the Luke Skywalker figure was part of the Early Bird promotion, proportionately more of these were released with the double-telescoping mechanism, while double telescoping Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi and Darth Vader figures are comparatively more rare and sought-after. The Sears exclusive Cantina adventure playset contains four action figures. The Snaggletooth figure initially included wears a blue outfit with silver disco style boots, and is about the same size as the Luke and Han figures. Upon George Lucas's request, this "Blue Snaggletooth" was subsequently corrected to represent the character as actually featured in | missile, but this was abandoned due to safety concerns. Similar mail-in promotions were periodically offered through to 1984. Sales in 1979 again topped $100 million. Kenner continued to introduce waves of action figures from the sequels and in 1984, the year following the release of the movie Return of the Jedi, the range totaled 79 unique character designs (not including the retired versions of R2-D2 and C-3PO). In 1985, the figure range was renamed Power of the Force in which a further 15 figures were released. Two further ranges of Star Wars action figures were also released, based on the animated series, Star Wars: Droids and Star Wars: Ewoks. The Droids range comprised 12 figures (two of which were identical to figures from the main Star Wars line) and the Ewoks line comprised six figures. By mid-1985, the demand for Star Wars merchandise had slowed and Kenner discontinued production of its action figures. However, Kenner would produce the new line of Star Wars toys which began in 1995. Description The Star Wars action figures are plastic, usually smaller than four inches (10 cm), and are typically poseable at five points on their bodies, but there are many differences and unique qualities in the individual figures that depart from these norms. Kenner's Star Wars action figures were produced along with vehicles and playsets based on the Star Wars movies. The majority of figures were packaged individually attached to "cardbacks" in a plastic blister. List of Kenner Star Wars action figures Figure variations Variations exist for most of the different figures. These can range from major resculpts and differences in accessories supplied with the figures, to differences in paint detailing, for instance in hair color, or differences in sculpting materials. Some variations command higher prices in the collector market due to relative scarcity. During the Empire Strikes Back run, the R2-D2 figure was altered to include an extendable "sensorscope." Similarly, C-3PO was resculpted with removable limbs. In 1985, R2-D2 was again altered to feature a pop-up lightsaber. Both the removable limb C-3PO and pop-up lightsaber R2-D2 were offered with alternate paint detailing in the Droids range. The lightsaber-wielding characters originally featured a double-telescoping saber mechanism. This was changed to a single-telescoping mechanism early in 1978. As the Luke Skywalker figure was part of the Early Bird promotion, proportionately more of these were released with the double-telescoping mechanism, while double telescoping Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi and Darth Vader figures are comparatively more rare and sought-after. The Sears exclusive Cantina adventure playset contains four action figures. The Snaggletooth figure initially included wears a blue outfit with silver disco style boots, and is about the same size as the Luke and Han figures. Upon George Lucas's request, this "Blue Snaggletooth" was subsequently corrected to represent the character as actually featured in the movie; and a resculpted shorter, barefoot, red-outfitted figure was released. Only the corrected "Red Snaggletooth" was released on blistered cardbacks, which made the "Blue Snaggletooth" more scarce and sought after by collectors. Early Han Solo figures have a somewhat diminutive head sculpt. This was later replaced by a larger sculpt. Early Jawa figures were released with a vinyl cape similar to that of Obi-Wan Kenobi. This was later changed to a fabric cloak. Cardback variations From the period through 1977 to mid-1984, figures sold individually in stores were issued on cardbacks that corresponded to the most current movie, with figures being sold on cardbacks with Star Wars designs through to 1980, then on Empire Strikes Back cards through to 1983, followed by Return of the Jedi cards and Power of the Force cards in 1984. As the number of figures in the range increased, the cardback design would be altered accordingly. Thus the earliest figures released for direct sale in shops were issued on a cardback, the rear of which illustrated the then full range of 12 figures, known as a 12-back. The 12-back was supplanted by the 20-back, and subsequently by the 21-back, the 31-back, the 32-back, the 41-back, the 45-back, the 47-back, the 48-back, the 65-back, the 77-back, the 79-back and the 92-back. Variations exist for each of the cardback fronts. These range from differences in promotional offer stickers applied to the card to differences in the photograph illustrating the character. Similarly variations exist for all of the cardback rear designs with the exceptions of the 47-back and 92-back designs that were only available in a single version. , there are 57 different cardback front-rear combinations recognized. This does not include figures released through overseas companies or the Droids or Ewoks ranges. Non-US licenses Star Wars figures were offered for sale in a number of countries outside of the US. These were usually sold through other companies, many of which were also subsidiaries of General Mills. In the UK, the Star Wars license was held by Palitoy, which imported the figures and packaged them in the UK on Palitoy branded cardbacks. Analogous arrangements were in place in Spain with the company PBP/Poch, in France with Meccano, in the Benelux countries with Clipper, in Germany with Parker, in Italy with Harbert and in Scandinavia with Brio/Playmix. In Japan, the line was first controlled by the company Takara, then by Popy and finally by Tsukuda. The licence was acquired in Australia by Toltoys, while in Mexico it was held by Lili Ledy and in Brazil by Glasslite. In certain cases, figures produced by the non-US licensed companies are substantially different from those sold by Kenner. Takara, for example, sold resculpted versions of Darth Vader, Stormtrooper, and C-3PO. Lili Ledy used different paint detailing and different fabric accessories. Glasslite figures were molded using slightly different, glossier plastic and used different paint detailing. The Glasslite Droids range was also notable in that it included a character "Vlix" that had not been issued in other countries. The Vlix figure was prototyped for the Kenner line but never made it past the stage of being mocked up on a card. Towards the end of the Star Wars figure run, figures |
March 9, 1871, he was appointed Director of Interior Services in Réunion. He then received the Legion of Honour on August 7, 1877. He became Governor of French India in February 1879, a post he held until April of | for Inde française in the Second French Colonial Empire under Third Republic. Biography Laugier was born on March 26, 1829, in Draguignan, France, to Joseph Honoré Isidore Laugier, a lawyer, and Marguerite Françoise Gattier. In 1868, he became Secretary General of the Interior in Cochinchina. During his time in |
be found in several generations from May to October, but mainly during June and July. These wasps parasitizes mainly on wasps of the group Trypoxylon figulus and Trypoxylon attenuatum (Crabronidae), but also Auplopus carbonarius and species of Dipogon (Pompilidae). Other recorded hosts are Hylaeus pectoralis, Heriades truncorum, Pemphredon lethifera, Stigmus pendulus, Ancistrocerus, Odynerus parietum, Cemonus unicolor, Nitela spinolae, Ectemnius rubicolus, Pison atrum, Psenulus pallipesi, Osmia aenea, Osmia giraudi and Chelostoma florisomne''. The female lays her egg at different times of nest building. | but males are often completely or partly black. The posterior margin of the third tergite of the abdomen shows three small wide teeth. The first tergite has a smooth middle furrow. This species is very similar to the species of the genus Chrysis. Biology The adults can be found in several generations from May to October, but mainly during June and July. These wasps parasitizes mainly on wasps of the group Trypoxylon figulus and Trypoxylon attenuatum (Crabronidae), but also Auplopus carbonarius and species of Dipogon (Pompilidae). Other recorded hosts are Hylaeus pectoralis, Heriades |
a town in Goslar. Branches of the family still survive. Its most notable members include Amalie von Wallmoden (a member by marriage, and a mistress of George II of Great Britain), Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn (Amalie and George's illegitimate son) and Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn (Johan's son). Elder line of the family belonged to High nobility. History The family was already in existence in the second half of the 12th century. One of its first demonstrable members was Thedel von Wallmoden, named in documents from 1154 onwards. An Eschwin von Wallmoden was mentioned in 1181. The Knight Templar Aschwin von Wallmoden is mentioned in 1307, on the dissolution of the Templars by Pope Clement V, at which time the Heinde herrschaft was a fiefdom of the Bishop of Hildesheim. Through marriage and inheritances, the family was able to significantly extend its property and continued into the 18th century. The marriage of Henning von Wallmoden (1335–1393) with Agnes von Hallermund led to the uniting of both the lordly families in Heinde. Thedel von Wallmoden († 1529), Stadthauptmann of Goslar, was the origin of both family lines. The elder line or upper house included Johan and his mother Amalie. In 1782 this line acquired from the princedom of Schwarzenberg the | and a mistress of George II of Great Britain), Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn (Amalie and George's illegitimate son) and Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn (Johan's son). Elder line of the family belonged to High nobility. History The family was already in existence in the second half of the 12th century. One of its first demonstrable members was Thedel von Wallmoden, named in documents from 1154 onwards. An Eschwin von Wallmoden was mentioned in 1181. The Knight Templar Aschwin von Wallmoden is mentioned in 1307, on the dissolution of the Templars by Pope Clement V, at which time the Heinde herrschaft was a fiefdom of the Bishop of Hildesheim. Through marriage and inheritances, the family was able to significantly extend its property and continued into the 18th century. The marriage of Henning von Wallmoden (1335–1393) with Agnes von Hallermund led to the uniting of both the lordly families in Heinde. Thedel von Wallmoden († 1529), Stadthauptmann of Goslar, was the origin of both family lines. The elder line or upper house included Johan and his mother Amalie. In 1782 this line acquired from the princedom of Schwarzenberg the Reichsherrschaft Gimborn in Westphalia and on 17 January 1783 |
Once the law was adopted by Congress on May 2, congressman Luis Galarreta declared that it had a "completely interventionist vision that I think jeopardizes both the media and its financing.” | После того, как 2 мая закон был принят конгрессом, конгрессмен Луи Галаретта объявил, что закон является совершенно "интервентским и подвергает опасности средства массовой информации и финансирование”. |
the command of Lieutenant Peter George Roots Mitchell on 20 November 1943 simultaneously with her transfer, the ship served on patrol and escort duty for the remainder of World War II. The Royal Navy returned her to the U.S. Navy in England on 20 August 1945. U.S. Navy, 1945 Retaining her British name, the ship was commissioned into the U.S. Navy as USS Pasley (DE-519) on 20 August 1945 simultaneously with her return to U.S. custody. She soon steamed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she was decommissioned on 26 October 1945. Disposal The U.S. Navy struck Pasley from its Naval Vessel Register on 16 November 1945. She subsequently was scrapped. References Navsource Online: Destroyer Escort Photo Archive DE 519 / HMS Pasley (ex-Lindsay) (K 564) Captain Class Frigate Association: HMS Pasley (K 564) uboat.net HMS Pasley (K564) Destroyer Escort Sailors Association DEs for UK External links Photo gallery | built for the United States Navy. Before she was finished in 1943, she was transferred to the Royal Navy under the terms of Lend-Lease, and saw service during the World War II from 1943 to 1945. She was the third ship of the Royal Navy to be named Pasley, after Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley (1734-1808), who commanded aboard his flagship at the Glorious First of June in 1794. Construction and transfer The still-unnamed ship was laid down as the U.S. Navy destroyer escort DE-519 at the Boston Navy Yard in Boston, Massachusetts, on 18 July 1943 and was |
is an rnfa an advanced practice nurse? | The Registered Nurse First Assistant (RNFA) is a perioperative registered nurse who functions in an expanded role or an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) functioning as a first assistant. The RNFA role is recognized within the scope of nursing practice by the nurse practice acts in all 50 states. |
Iman Ebrahimi | إيمان إبراهيمي |
What do they worship? | most people believe that animals don't have they basic intelligence to understand what you might say to them let alone understanding religion. However since they are cold-blooded, I would say the sun. |
Slate is a fine-grained , foliated , homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism . | Slate is a metamorphic rock . |
In professional association football, a free transfer, also known as a Bosman transfer, involves a professional association football club releasing a player when the player's contract has expired or made available just before the end of the contract. | Στο επαγγελματικό ποδόσφαιρο, η ελεύθερη μεταγραφή, γνωστή και ως κανονισμός Μποσμάν, περιλαμβάνει έναν επαγγελματικό ποδοσφαιρικό σύλλογο που απελευθερώνει έναν παίκτη όταν η σύμβαση του παίκτη έχει λήξει ή είναι διαθέσιμος λίγο πριν από το τέλος της σύμβασης. |
how much is a dozen donuts at shoppers? | You can get a Colossal donut for 66 cents and the special pastries like the Apple Fritters are only a little bit more. Donuts by the dozen average out even less than 50 cents each. It is an amazing deal for how much you can end up spending on donuts these days. The quality and freshness are decent. |
how long does it take for pet scan | My grandfather's pet scan was only scheduled to take 1 hour, but instead it took 4 hours. Dr. Joseph Accurso Dr. Accurso. Not a bad sign: Generally, if a pet/ct scan takes longer than 1 hour, it is for technical or patient motion reasons. The camera might have had a problem, or the patient may have moved and part of the scan repeated, or more of the body (legs) imaged. |
Widikum people | Видекум |
Eve was convinced to bite the apple by a snake. Is the apple sex? If so then the snake is Adam, right? | no. God made Eve so Adam could have a partner, why would God restrict them from the very reason why he made her? |
unique with the dominant color of soft pink, mini album Love is You consists of 1 CD, 1 DVD and 1 photobooks contains the lyrics, photographs and biographical data of each personnel of this girl group. In the first copies in DVD format with a black cover, the fans were treated Dilema (Music Video), video testimonials by Cherry Belle, Dilemma making, video live performance Cherry Belle, and Dilema (dance version). With the theme of love, there is the song "I'll Be There for You" contains simple lyrics that is easily digested by music lovers. In addition to "I'll Be There for You", the song "Love Is You" is also packaged nicely with the theme of love which today is popular with | "Dilema" and the second single "Love Is You". The album simultaneously debut album and the last Wenda and Devi along Cherrybelle before it is declared by the producer resigned on April 12, 2012. Packed in unique with the dominant color of soft pink, mini album Love is You consists of 1 CD, 1 DVD and 1 photobooks contains the lyrics, photographs and biographical data of each personnel of this girl group. In the first copies in DVD format with a black cover, the fans were treated Dilema (Music Video), video testimonials by Cherry Belle, Dilemma making, video live performance Cherry Belle, and Dilema (dance version). With the theme of love, there is the song "I'll Be |
Abdul Moyeen Khan | আব্দুল মঈন খান |
The population was reduced by half and the fishing industry became a subsistence activity, supporting local consumption only. | Населението е намалено за половина и рибарската индустрија стана егзистенцијална активност, поддршка само за локална потрошувачка. |
His last words had been "¡Viva México!" | Suas últimas palavras teriam sido: “Viva o México!” |
Which religious organisation are the most judgemental towards other religions, cults, and movements? | Yeah, just read some of the posts in this section. |
Henricus Eolenius | Henrik Eolenius |
In 2007, Zanetti collaborated with Italian singer Mina in a Spanish cover of the song "Parole parole", found in the album Todavía. | Vào năm 2007, Zanetti đã song ca cùng ca sĩ người Ý, Mina, trong 1 bài hát phiên bản tiếng Tây Ban Nha của bài hát "Parole parole", trong album Todavia. |
what are strictures in crohn's disease? | Crohn's disease may result in strictures. A stricture is an area of narrowing in the intestines. After repeated cycles of continued inflammation and healing in the lining of the intestine, scar tissue can replace the normal cells. As a result, this scar tissue may result in narrowing of the gastrointestinal tract. |
Cody Wild | كودي وايلد |
dismantled their checkpoints and returned to local villages. On 19 December 2020 MINUSCA forces were deployed in Bossemptélé after it was captured by CPC rebels. On 8 February 2021 the town was recaptured by government forces. References Sub-prefectures of the Central African Republic Populated places in the | peacekeepers evacuated 190 people from Bossemptélé, but 65 people were left behind including women, children and people with disabilities who were unable to climb onto the trucks. In April French forces came to the town and Anti-balaka fighters dismantled their checkpoints and returned to local villages. On 19 December 2020 MINUSCA forces were deployed in Bossemptélé after it was captured by CPC rebels. On 8 February 2021 the town |
Malwinowo | مالوینووو |
According to a statement on the blog of Mono project leader Miguel de Icaza, this agreement only extends to Mono for Novell developers and users. | De acordo com o líder do projecto Mono - Miguel de Icaza - este acordo estende-se apenas a programadores e clientes da Novell. |
on freedom of association and collective bargaining. The first GFA was signed in 1988 between the International Union of Foodworkers (IUF) and French-multinational Danone. As of September 2018, more than 300 agreements | IFA is a non-binding agreement between global union federations and multinational companies, which at minimum ensures workers within a company's world-wide operations can exercise fundamental labour rights in accordance with ILO core labour standards on freedom of association and collective bargaining. |
Javascript function that is equivalent for PHP function | Validate decimal numbers in JavaScript - IsNumeric() |
Early computers in the 1940s and 1950s were one-of-a-kind engineering efforts that could take weeks to program and program loading was one of many problems that had to be solved. | الحواسيب القديمة التي كانت في الفترة بين أربعينيات وخمسينيات القرن الماضي كانت عبارة عن جهود هندسية مبذولة وقد تأخذ أسابيع للبرمجة، وكان تحميل البرنامج أحد المشاكل العديدة التي كان يجب حلها. |
Tom deserves our respect. | Tom saygımızı hak ediyor. |
favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 77, based on 4 reviews. Matt Collar of AllMusic wrote that "it's [the band's] stylistically open-minded approach to pop that makes DNCE such a joyous and undeniably fun album." Collar also complimented frontman Joe Jonas for being a "deeply self-aware and confident performer." Nolan Feeney of Entertainment Weekly commented on a lack of clear identity on the album, but conceded that the group "ultimately finds its groove with retro, funk-heavy tracks like new single "Body Moves" and "Blown,"" grading the album a B. Writing for Rolling Stone, Brittany Spanos called the album "a mature spin on the boy band formula that worked so well for Jonas and his brothers in the past," and wrote that "DNCE's greatest strength is never taking themselves too seriously." Rachel Sonis of Idolator gave the album a mixed review, writing that "there's real potential" on the album, but that too many tracks feel "forced" or "like fillers." Newsday rated the song an A-, with reviewer Glenn Gamboa writing that the album represents "lighthearted dance pop done right." Si Hawkins of The National wrote that "DNCE is enormous fun, chock-full of exactly what you hope for when buying an album as a result of one big hit: more of the same," and also praised Jonas' vocals. Commercial performance DNCE debuted at number 17 on the Billboard 200 chart dated December 10, 2016 with approximately 25,000 album-equivalent units. On the Top Album Sales component chart, the album entered at number 14, selling approximately 19,000 units. Track listing Charts Certifications References 2016 albums 2016 debut albums | reviews from music critics, who praised lead singer Joe Jonas' maturity and the band's mainstream appeal. DNCE debuted in the top 20 on the Billboard 200, but performed only moderately well on the album charts in other countries, earning its highest international peak in Australia at number 32. The album's predecessor, Swaay, produced two hit singles, including "Cake by the Ocean", which reached the top 10 on multiple record charts worldwide and was certified three-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Single "Toothbrush" and another song from the EP, "Pay My Rent", are also included on DNCE. "Body Moves" was released on September 30, 2016, as the official lead single for the album, but failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Release and promotion In February 2016, the band told PopCrush that they were nearly done recording the album and that it was to be released that summer. However, following the success of "Cake by the Ocean" and "Toothbrush", the album's release was pushed back to allow the band to properly promote the singles. In August, Billboard reported that recording was finished. The album's title of DNCE and release date of November 18, 2016 were announced on September 14, 2016 through a |
On the same day, 12 ISIL militants were killed on the outskirts of Tikrit. | Ese mismo día, fueron abatidos 12 terroristas en las afueras de Tikrit. |
how many months is per annum? | Per annum is an accounting term that means yearly or annually. For example, if a business charges its customers 1.5% per month on any unpaid balance, the per annum rate is 18%. The per annum rate was the result of 1.5% X 12 months in a year. |
known in physics and mathematics as the "Hill differential equation", which describes the behavior of a parametric oscillator and which made an important contribution to the mathematical Floquet theory. Influence and recognition Hill's work attracted the attention of the international scientific community, and in 1894 he was chosen as president of the American Mathematical Society, serving for two years. Hill lectured at Columbia University from 1898 to 1901, but he attracted few students and he ultimately chose to return his salary and to continue working alone in his home in West Nyack, rather than within academia. Hill's Collected Works were published in 1905-07 by the Carnegie Institution for Science, with a 12-page introduction by the eminent French mathematician and theoretical physicist Henri Poincaré. In that introduction, Poincaré said that, in Hill's 1878 article titled "Researches in the lunar theory", "one is allowed to perceive the germ of most of the progress that [celestial mechanics] has made ever since". Of Hill's isolation from the academic community, Poincaré declared that George William Hill was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1902. He also became a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1908, and of the scientific academies of Belgium (1909), Norway (1910), Sweden (1913), and the Netherlands (1914). His later years were marked by poor health, and he died in West Nyack in 1914. He never married and had no children. Honors Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1887) Damoiseau Prize from the Institut de France (1898) Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London (1909) Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (1909) Hill crater on the | in the United States Naval Observatory's Nautical Almanac Office, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1862 Rutgers awarded Hill a Master of Arts degree. Hill lived for a while in Cambridge and later in Washington, D.C., but he preferred to carry out his mathematical work in his family farm in West Nyack, to which he retired for good after 1892. Work on mathematical astronomy Hill's mature work focused on the mathematics of the three-body problem, and later the four-body problem, to calculate the orbits of the Moon around the Earth, as well as that of planets around the Sun. Hill was able to quantify the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body in the presence of other heavy bodies, by introducing the concept of the zero-velocity surface. The space within this surface is now known as the Hill sphere and it corresponds to the region around a body within which it may capture satellites. In 1878, Hill provided the first complete mathematical solution to the problem of the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit around the Earth, a difficult problem in lunar theory first raised in Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica of 1687. This same work also introduced what is now known in physics and mathematics as the "Hill differential equation", which describes the behavior of a parametric oscillator and which made an important contribution to the mathematical Floquet theory. Influence and recognition Hill's work attracted the attention of the international scientific community, and in 1894 he was chosen as president of the American Mathematical Society, serving for two years. Hill lectured at Columbia University from 1898 to 1901, |
The prominent Qatari scholar Yusuf Al Qaradawi believes that cloning specific parts of the human body for medical purposes is not prohibited in Islam, but cloning the whole human body would not be permitted under any circumstances. | الباحث القطري البارز يوسف القرضاوي يرى أن الاستنساخ أجزاء معينة من جسم الإنسان لأغراض طبية غير محظور في الإسلام، ولكن لاستنساخ لن يسمح للجسم البشري بأسره تحت أي ظرف من الظروف. |
There are active members of the Council of the Basque youth (EGK) and the Youth Council of Euskal Herria (EHGK). | Son miembros activos del Consejo de la juventud de Euskadi (EGK) y del Consejo de la Juventud de Euskal Herria (EHGK). |
Tom and Mary often text each other, even when they're in the same house. | Tom és Mari gyakran küldenek üzenetet egymásnak még akkor is, amikor ugyanabban a házban tartózkodnak. |
You should do what Tom says to do. | Tom'un yapmanı söylediği şeyi yapmalısın. |
explored. Dompier also added basic sound effects which could be heard by placing an AM radio near the computer, a technique he had pioneered during demonstrations for the Homebrew Computer Club. Invasion Force differs only in minor ways from the original; the player is in command of the USS Hephaestus and battles the "Jovians", but the game is otherwise similar. Development Dompier began development of Trek-80 while the first commercial versions of VDM-1 were being developed at the newly-created Processor Technology, which had formed to sell add-in cards for the recently released Altair 8800 computer. Dompier was familiar with Trek73, and had purchased a teleprinter so he could play a copy running on the DECISION computer at the Lawrence Hall of Science from home. Reception Steve North reviewed Trek-80 and an S-100 version of Spacewar! in the August 1977 issue of Creative Computing. He noted that Trek-80 was far less demanding in terms of system requirements, needing only a VDM-1, while Spacewar! required a Cromemco Dazzler with two joysticks and an I/O card to run them. On the other hand he found the graphics of Spacewar more striking. He mentions that David Ahl was | within them, compared to the original 8-by-8 layout. In the original Star Trek, the display was linear and turn-based. Players would normally start the game by issuing the LRS (long range scan) command to scan the immediate surrounding quadrants and then fly to a selected one using the WARp drive. On arrival, they would use the SRS (short range scan) to display the sectors in the quadrant and begin moving and firing at any targets. SRS was normally used multiple times in combat as the ships maneuvered. The basic action is the same in Trek-80, but the display is no longer linear and takes place in real-time. The LRS and SRS displays are always visible and update as the game proceeds. Other displays, like the status of the ship and various help texts, were displayed around the screen, eliminating the need to constantly issue commands related to inquiring about basic status. Instead of, for instance, warping to another quadrant by specifying a range, in Trek-80 one simply starts warping in a selected direction, watches the display until they arrive, and then presses ESCcape to end movement. Likewise, when one fired a torpedo, the other ships continued to move while it flew, and it could be detonated early by the player pressing ESC. Other changes to the original game included two types of Klingon ships. One was the traditional ship which the player would shoot at, while the Battle Cruiser could only be destroyed by dropping an antimatter pod in the quadrant and then manually detonating it when it approached the Cruiser. It also added space mines that destroy everything in a quadrant if hit, and "unknown" objects that could be explored. Dompier also added basic sound effects which could be heard by placing an AM radio near the computer, a technique he had pioneered during demonstrations for |
He also wrote an orchestral medley for the loading area, several transitional cues, and a new arrangement for the finale. | Il a également écrit un medley d'orchestre pour la zone de chargement, plusieurs séquences transitoires et également un nouvel arrangement pour la scène finale. |
The drastic drop in the price of oil. | No one seems to have said yet, but one of the reason OPEC countries are still pumping at 100% is that they want to oust the $USD as the main currency in the oil market... like just a few days ago India offered to lower interest rates to Iran if they accept all of India's oil payments in rupees. Venezuela probably got hit the worst by this. |
After the cruel fight against Bullseye, Frank gets arrested and sent to a high-security prison with a thousand people who want nothing more than to see him dead. | После жестокой борьбы против Меченого, Фрэнка арестовали и отправили в тюрьму с высокой степенью безопасности с тысячей человек, которые хотят ничего, кроме как увидеть его мертвым. |
ptsd is not only for military? | PTSD is not just for veterans, it's a trauma disorder that affects millions. Research shows that individuals who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder are not just war veterans, but anyone who has experienced some form of severe life trauma. |
How should I excercise when I'm trying to get big muscles and a six pack? | There is no Boxer Degree.The best you can hope for is to make the boxing team ,provided the school you attend has one.The easiest way for you to get involved,learn,train,and compete to get to professional level that "pays to fight" is Golden Gloves amateur boxing.It exists in almost every country on the planet.Just search for the golden gloves in your area on the web.Good Luck. |
References Populated places in Eastern | places in Eastern Province |
During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered? | But early in the 16th century, a brilliant new red appeared in Europe. When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his soldiers conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521, they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold; they had the tiny cochineal, a parasitic scale insect which lived on cactus plants, which, when dried and crushed, made a magnificent red. The cochineal in Mexico was closely related to the Kermes varieties of Europe, but unlike European Kermes, it could be harvested several times a year, and it was ten times stronger than the Kermes of Poland. It worked particularly well on silk, satin and other luxury textiles. In 1523 Cortes sent the first shipment to Spain. Soon cochineal began to arrive in European ports aboard convoys of Spanish galleons. |
Anatoly Bibilov | Anatolij Bibiłow |
how to connect 2 computers to the internet with one modem? | ['Direct Ethernet Connection. Insert a Ethernet cable plug into one of the Ethernet ports on the back of the cable modem. ... ', 'Router Connection. Run an Ethernet cable from an Ethernet output port on the cable modem to the input port on the router. ... ', 'Wireless Router Connection.'] |
Zealand Air Force in November 1941 and served as a flight lieutenant in Europe during World War II, winning the Distinguished Flying Cross. Following the war he returned to the Cook Islands, becoming involved in his family's business. In 1953 McKegg contested the elections for the European seat on Rarotonga Island Council and the Legislative Council, defeating the incumbent Willie Watson. He was | Henley Robert McKegg (6 December 1921 – 10 October 1961) was a New Zealand-born Cook Islands politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Council between 1953 and 1958. Biography McKegg was born in Auckland in 1921. After working as a bank clerk, he joined the Royal New Zealand Air Force in November 1941 and served as a flight lieutenant in Europe during World War II, winning the Distinguished Flying Cross. Following the war he returned to |
to the 20th, their descendants have survived in the United States (Gen. John Shalikashvili) and Georgia. The family, earlier known as Roch’ikashvili (როჭიკაშვილი), originated in the province of Samtskhe and had a fiefdom centered at the castle of T’mogvi. Remotely related to the local princely dynasty of Jaqeli, the Shalikashvili were both their most faithful allies and most dangerous rivals at different times. In the 16th century, the family, in the person of Ot'ar Shalikashvili, was instrumental in restoring the Jaqeli dynasty to the principate of Samtskhe of which they had been dispossessed by the western Georgian kings of Imereti from 1535 to 1547. Subsequently, the Jaqeli went on to curb the influence of the Shalikashvili, who responded with a revolt. By 1578, the family had been coerced to flee Samtskhe to Kartli in central Georgia, where they were recognized as princes (tavadi; confirmed under Russian rule, 1826) and maintained themselves into the 20th century. The 1921 Sovietization of Georgia and the ensuing | restoring the Jaqeli dynasty to the principate of Samtskhe of which they had been dispossessed by the western Georgian kings of Imereti from 1535 to 1547. Subsequently, the Jaqeli went on to curb the influence of the Shalikashvili, who responded with a revolt. By 1578, the family had been coerced to flee Samtskhe to Kartli in central Georgia, where they were recognized as princes (tavadi; confirmed under Russian rule, 1826) and maintained themselves into the 20th century. The 1921 Sovietization of Georgia and the ensuing crackdown on nobility forced the principal members of |
Eliézio Santos Santana | Eliézio |
The bottom was polished. | Nousiainen oli poliisi. |
Despite this, all three provided the framework of both state and home life. | Tästä huolimatta kaikki kolme muodostivat sekä valtiollisen että yksityisen elämän viitekehykset. |
The last such approach was in 1976, the next will be in 2071. | Zadnji takav pristup bio je 1976., a sljedeći će biti 2071. godine. |
Tom wanted to die. | Tom désirait mourir. |
The US State Department authorized this plebiscite presuming that "the people casting ballots would be 97% illiterate, ignorant in most cases of what they were voting for." | أذنت وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية هذا الاستفتاء على افتراض أن "الشعب الإدلاء باصواتهم سيكون 97٪ أميين، وجاهل في معظم الحالات من ما كانوا يصوتون ل". |
The building is an example of Neoclassical architecture, and was designed by Italian architects Guido Ottavo and Cabiati Ferrazza. | El edificio es un buen ejemplo de arquitectura neoclásica, y fue diseñado por los arquitectos italianos Guido Ottavo y Ferrazza Cabiati. |
with Gwan-Woo's tearful success story and this inspire the viewers with high emotion. Cast and characters Main cast Kim Jaewon as Choi Kwan-woo Kim Ha-neul as Kim Chae-won Jung Sung-hwan as Lee Eun-seok Kim Yoo-mi as Choi Yun-hee Supporting cast Han Hye-jin as Yoon Ji-soo Kim Hae-sook as Oh Young-seok Hyun Suk as Choi Jang-soo Go Myung-hwan as Kim Bong-kyun Shim Yang-hong as Kim Dae-kun Park Won-sook as President Yoon Mi-hee Kim Yong-gun as Chairman Lee Young-kyu Ahn Yeon-hong as Seo Min-joo Moon Ji-yoon as Choi Jang-bi Lee Byung-joon as Choi Gong-myung Jung Kyung-soon as a female teacher who smokes Kang Rae-yeon as So-young's friend Lee Min-ho as a student Kim Kyo-chul Lee | South Korean television drama series starring Kim Jaewon and Kim Ha-neul. It aired on MBC on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes from May 8 to June 27, 2002. Plot Fatal love strikes us out of a sudden and helplessly takes us deep down into the sea of fervor, giving us no choice but to yield. This drama beautifully unfolds the forbidden passion between a teacher and a student. Chae-Won and Gwan-Woo meet for the first time at a rural seaside village flower festival. They fall in love at first sight, not in their dreams have they known that Chae-Won is the teacher at Gwan-Woo's high school. The second time they meet is at the classroom where they realize the situation and become bewildered and embarrassed. The love story between the two young people is overlapped with Gwan-Woo's tearful success story and this inspire |
I wasn't prepared to be in the band if people were being like that to each other." | Non ero preparato a stare in una band in cui le persone si comportavano così l'una nei confronti dell'altra". |
Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation | भिवंडी-निजामपूर महानगरपालिका |
In 1935, the family settled on a farm in Sonora, Kentucky. | Vuonna 1935 perhe asettui maatilalle Sonorassa, Kentuckyssa. |
External links 2002 births Living people Swiss women's ice hockey defencemen Olympic ice hockey players of | Switzerland at the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship. References External links 2002 births Living people Swiss women's ice hockey defencemen Olympic ice hockey players of Switzerland Ice |
In 1913 it was renamed after John C. Mehan, who was in charge of Manila's parks and sanitation. | En 1913 pasó a llamarse así (Mehan Garden) en honor de John C. Mehan, que estuvo a cargo de los parques y el saneamiento de Manila. |
Suffering from colon cancer, Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year. | Bị bệnh vì ung thư ruột kết, Dulles từ chức 1959 và chết vào cuối năm đó. |
Most chemical databases store information on stable molecules but in databases for reactions also intermediates and temporarily created unstable molecules are stored . | Most chemical databases store information on stable molecules . In some databases , information about reaction intermediates and temporarily created products are also stored . |
was appointed as Head coach of National football team in 1971. He coached team in Olympic Games in Munich, the team was able to successfully deliver the Olympic competition. But resigned before the tournament. He resigned because of differences he had with his assistant, Mohammad Ranjbar. He was re-appointed as head coach of national team in 1986. He led team melli in 1986 Asian Games and 1988 AFC Asian Cup. Team Melli became third place in 1988 Asian Cup and Dehdari was sacked by Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation on 22 January 1989. Personal life He was among those who knew that the ethics of sports were driven by the mood of the people who would exercise his morals teaching. He was married in 1957, he and | Jam Abadan in 1953. His good techniques in Jam and after winning the Local Cup in 1955, he was invited to Team Melli and made his debut in match against Soviet Union in November 1955. He played for Jam Abadan, Shahin Tehran and has served most of his career in Abadan. He was captain of Jam Abadan in 1960 and win the first championship in IRN championship cup. Coaching career He was in Shahin until the club's dissolution in 1966. Then he signed a contract with Persepolis F.C. and became head coach of club. He was the first manager of Persepolis and caused that Shahin F.C. players move to Persepolis. He became head coach of Homa F.C. in 1969 after leaves Persepolis. He won |
Let It Go (James Bay song) | Let It Go (James Bay) |
Pleasington | پلیزینگتون |
on to win four League titles and two Scottish Cups as well as playing a large part in other successful cup runs without playing in the finals, and being a member of the Gers team which dominated the wartime competitions. He also earned 18 caps for Scotland (scoring six times) between 1946 and 1954 after playing in eight unofficial wartime matches, and was selected for the Scottish League XI five times. Managerial career Waddell became manager of Kilmarnock in 1957. In what was their most prosperous era, the club achieved four runners-up placings in the league under his guidance between 1960 and 1964 and reached three finals (1959–60 Scottish Cup, 1961 League Cup, 1963 League Cup), all of which were lost. Kilmarnock's efforts were finally rewarded with a trophy when the club won their only league championship to date, in 1964–65; this was achieved with a final day victory against their nearest rivals Heart of Midlothian. On leaving Kilmarnock in 1965 Waddell traded the football world for journalism, becoming a sportswriter for the Evening Citizen and Scottish Daily Express. He took charge of Kilmarnock in 389 competitive matches, winning 215 (55%), the club's best-ever ratio for a | day victory against their nearest rivals Heart of Midlothian. On leaving Kilmarnock in 1965 Waddell traded the football world for journalism, becoming a sportswriter for the Evening Citizen and Scottish Daily Express. He took charge of Kilmarnock in 389 competitive matches, winning 215 (55%), the club's best-ever ratio for a manager. From the mid-1960s Scottish football was dominated by the Celtic side managed by Jock Stein. In 1969 Waddell returned to Rangers as manager, following the sacking of Davie White. The team did not win any League Championships with Waddell as manager, but won the Scottish League Cup in 1971, ending a run of six years without a trophy. In 1972 Waddell led Rangers to a European Cup Winners' Cup win, beating Dynamo Moscow 3–2 in the final in Barcelona. Later in 1972 he handed the management reins to his assistant, Jock Wallace, Jr. having been Rangers boss for 134 games. Later career Waddell went on to serve Rangers in general manager and vice chairman roles. During Waddell's time as manager, Rangers had suffered the 1971 Ibrox disaster, when 66 fans lost their lives. Waddell was credited with the reconstruction of Ibrox Stadium in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which made it one of the most modern grounds in Europe at the time of his death. He became general manager in 1972, after leaving his role as first-team manager, and latterly took up the role of vice chairman in September 1975. After four years he resigned his position, to be replaced by Lawrence Marlborough, and took up the role of consultant at the club. However, he left this role on 27 June 1981, after Rangers decided not to renew his £15,000-a-year (equivalent to £52,000 in 2015) contract but remained a director of the club until his death. Career statistics International appearances International goals Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first. Managerial record Honours Playing Rangers Scottish League Championship: 1938–39, 1946–47, |
of residential projects, though his first buildings were urban. Talbot Sweetapple was a student of MacKay-Lyons, and began to work for him while he was a single practitioner. In 1990 they renovated an old gas station on Falkland Street in Halifax, to use as an office, while also building an additional four town homes on site to finance the project. In 2005, Sweetapple became a partner of MacKay-Lyons, and Brian MacKay-Lyons Architecture and Urban Design became MacKay-Lyons Sweetapple Architects. MacKay-Lyons seeks to implement aspects of traditional practice in the relationships of the firm, such as encouraging the dynamic of apprentice to master-builder, as opposed to intern to architect. This is done to affirm a hands-on building approach, rooted in tangible experience. Before MacKay-Lyons' partnership with Sweetapple, Lyons was focused dominantly on vernacular rural homes on the coast of Nova Scotia, that he has described as being rooted in culture, yet contemporary. To accommodate for Talbot Sweetapple and the subsequent growth of their firm, they increasingly began to undertake urban, public projects in the late 1990s, including the Dalhousie Faculty of Computer Science (1999), Ship's Company Theatre, Parrsboro, Nova Scotia (2004), the Canadian High Commission in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2005) and the TUNS (Dalhousie) Architecture School. Some of these projects, namely the TUNS Architecture school, have been described as being of the 'folk-tech' style, which MacKay-Lyons has defined as being synonymous with 'low-tech', or utilizing cultural, vernacular methods. Some of his notable residential projects include Two Hulls House, Sunset Rock House, Sliding House, Enough House and Cliff House. The varying scale of these types of projects are continually linked through their consideration to landscape, climate and material culture as elements of place. He has also held numerous visiting academic positions at universities in the United States, Canada and Germany. He is a five-time winner of the Governor General's Medal for architecture, fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and honorary fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Ghost Lab In 1994, Mackay-Lyons began an educational summer design-build program on his family farm near Kingsburg, Nova Scotia entitled the Ghost Architectural Laboratory. As of 2013 the program is no longer taking | projects include Two Hulls House, Sunset Rock House, Sliding House, Enough House and Cliff House. The varying scale of these types of projects are continually linked through their consideration to landscape, climate and material culture as elements of place. He has also held numerous visiting academic positions at universities in the United States, Canada and Germany. He is a five-time winner of the Governor General's Medal for architecture, fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and honorary fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Ghost Lab In 1994, Mackay-Lyons began an educational summer design-build program on his family farm near Kingsburg, Nova Scotia entitled the Ghost Architectural Laboratory. As of 2013 the program is no longer taking place, although architecture-related conferences are sometimes held at the same location in the summer. The laboratory arose from MacKay-Lyons dissatisfaction with the lack of connection between theory and practice in architectural education. Ghost was formerly described as an education initiative designed to promote the transfer of architectural knowledge through direct experience – project-based learning taught in the master builder tradition – with emphasis on issues of landscape, material culture, and community. The word 'ghost' is used to convey a sense of travel across time. In the Maritime provinces of Canada, story telling is commonplace in daily life, and was also adopted by MacKay-Lyons in his building practices, and in the design-build. Each year it was run, a group of students, professors and architects were invited to participate, and were to divide their time equally between designing and building the structure. Every build centered around a different theme relevant to architectural discourse, such as Ghost 1, that discussed symbolic form, or Ghost 2 addressing technology. The lab was also continually related to the Arcadian history of the ancient site that was being built on. Design influences and philosophy MacKay-Lyons was heavily influenced by his upbringing in Arcadia. He witnessed how the early settlers of Arcadia often tacked generations of their houses onto one another. He regards culture, history and architecture as being organic, with continuous, inherent connections to the landscape. Additionally, Arcadia's rich history, simple vernacular buildings and expansive landscape provided MacKay-Lyons with an appreciation for traditional building methods, and the importance of context to a place. He draws inspiration from observing unique qualities of the surroundings, such as climate, land form or cultural history, and uses this as a basis for his design work, as they are already existing and waiting to be discovered. |
captures this – as well as the essential lesson that we must carry on laughing. The 25-year old Woolf wrote the music in six weeks. The premiere performance took place at Grange Park Opera on 12 September 2020, accompanied by the composer playing piano in the wings. Roles Synopsis The opera is in two sections, Arrivals and Departures. "Twelve archetypes – from cook to policeman to dewy newlyweds – gather for a last supper, each offering their own thoughts on risk, life and death." Reception The critic of The Guardian commented that it could benefit from longer-term reconsideration and rewriting, but in the meantime "enjoy it as it is: a coup, achieved in an instant with flair, hard work and brilliant team spirit." Rupert Christiansen, writing in the Daily Telegraph, gave the opera four stars (out of five), describing it as "intriguing [and] fabulously performed." The reviewer for The Stage noted that "[e]veryone gets his or her turn, | must carry on laughing. The 25-year old Woolf wrote the music in six weeks. The premiere performance took place at Grange Park Opera on 12 September 2020, accompanied by the composer playing piano in the wings. Roles Synopsis The opera is in two sections, Arrivals and Departures. "Twelve archetypes – from cook to policeman to dewy newlyweds – gather for a last supper, each offering their own thoughts on risk, life and death." Reception The critic of The Guardian commented that it could benefit from longer-term reconsideration and rewriting, but in the meantime "enjoy it as it is: a coup, achieved in an instant with flair, hard work and brilliant team spirit." Rupert Christiansen, writing in the Daily Telegraph, gave the opera four stars (out of five), describing it as "intriguing [and] fabulously performed." |
Gregory Kohs and his sister started the MyWikiBiz venture in Pennsylvania in July 2006 , first as a paid editing service , writing content for Wikipedia and other sites . | Kohs and his sister started the MyWikiBiz venture in Pennsylvania in July 2006 , initially as a paid editing service , writing content for inclusion in Wikipedia and other community-edited sites . |
Anita Otto | Anita Hentschel |
Group of people reading books on sunny day in park. | There is a group of people. |
L'ERE DES VALISES INTELLIGENTES. | L’ERE DES VALISES INTELLIGENTES. |
Rock Official Website 1977 births APRA Award winners Australian DJs DJs from Melbourne Australian electronic musicians Club DJs Living | Smillie (born 3 May 1977) is an Australian house music producer and DJ from Melbourne. Biography He often plays sets in clubs around Australia. |
In a show of displeasure, Henry conducted the audience outdoors, compelling the almost septuagenarian minister to stand bareheaded in the Sun for over an hour. | Pour mettre en scène son mécontentement, Henry IV reçoit la délégation à l'extérieur, obligeant le presque septuagénaire ministre à rester tête nue au soleil pendant plus d'une heure. |
Indeed, the initial mobilisation of British forces began in response to this incident, although it is unlikely that the British would have gone beyond the occupation of one or two islands in the Persian Gulf had the issue of Herat not arisen. | De hecho, la movilización inicial de las fuerzas británicas se inició en respuesta a este incidente, aunque es poco probable que los británicos hubieran ido más allá de la ocupación de una o dos islas del Golfo Pérsico, si no hubiera surgido el problema de Herat. |
This French inaction had provided William with the opportunity he desired. | Deze Franse passiviteit gaf Willem de gelegenheid waarop hij had gewacht. |
is output x or y? | You'll also see functions in the form of one variable (often y) equal to an expression involving another variable (x). A simple example is y = x2 (which you can also write f(x) = x2). In such cases, x is the input and y is the output. |
Check Out a Charity Before You Donate | There has been a 5.7 percent drop in donations over a recent 12-month period [ citation needed ] -- the biggest decline in more than 50 years. This means that charities need your money now more than ever. |
Similarly, in 1965, the US government had to switch from silver to copper-nickel clad quarter coins because the silver value of the coins had exceeded their face value and were being melted down by individuals for profit. | De maneira similar, em 1965, o governo dos Estados Unidos teve que substituir as moedas de prata de 25 centavos por outras feitas de uma liga de cobre e níquel, porque o valor da prata das quais as moedas eram feitas era maior do que o valor de face da própria moeda e estavam sendo derretidas pelas pessoas que obtinham lucro sobre o metal. |
to empty the reserve, with sales starting by 2005. Helium produced between 1930 and 1945 was about 98.3% pure (2% nitrogen), which was adequate for airships. In 1945, a small amount of 99.9% helium was produced for welding use. By 1949, commercial quantities of Grade A 99.95% helium were available. For many years, the United States produced more than 90% of commercially usable helium in the world, while extraction plants in Canada, Poland, Russia, and other nations produced the remainder. In the mid-1990s, a new plant in Arzew, Algeria, producing 17 million cubic meters (600 million cubic feet) began operation, with enough production to cover all of Europe's demand. Meanwhile, by 2000, the consumption of helium within the U.S. had risen to more than 15 million kg per year. In 2004–2006, additional plants in Ras Laffan, Qatar, and Skikda, Algeria were built. Algeria quickly became the second leading producer of helium. Through this time, both helium consumption and the costs of producing helium increased. From 2002 to 2007 helium prices doubled. , the United States National Helium Reserve accounted for 30 percent of the world's helium. The reserve was expected to run out of helium in 2018. Despite that, a proposed bill in the United States Senate would allow the reserve to continue to sell the gas. Other large reserves were in the Hugoton in Kansas, United States, and nearby gas fields of Kansas and the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma. New helium plants were scheduled to open in 2012 in Qatar, Russia, and the US state of Wyoming, but they were not expected to ease the shortage. In 2013, Qatar started up the world's largest helium unit, although the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis severely affected helium production there. 2014 was widely acknowledged to be a year of over-supply in the helium business, following years of renowned shortages. Nasdaq reported (2015) that for Air Products, an international corporation that sells gases for industrial use, helium volumes remain under economic pressure due to feedstock supply constraints. Characteristics The helium atom Helium in quantum mechanics In the perspective of quantum mechanics, helium is the second simplest atom to model, following the hydrogen atom. Helium is composed of two electrons in atomic orbitals surrounding a nucleus containing two protons and (usually) two neutrons. As in Newtonian mechanics, no system that consists of more than two particles can be solved with an exact analytical mathematical approach (see 3-body problem) and helium is no exception. Thus, numerical mathematical methods are required, even to solve the system of one nucleus and two electrons. Such computational chemistry methods have been used to create a quantum mechanical picture of helium electron binding which is accurate to within < 2% of the correct value, in a few computational steps. Such models show that each electron in helium partly screens the nucleus from the other, so that the effective nuclear charge Z which each electron sees, is about 1.69 units, not the 2 charges of a classic "bare" helium nucleus. The related stability of the helium-4 nucleus and electron shell The nucleus of the helium-4 atom is identical with an alpha particle. High-energy electron-scattering experiments show its charge to decrease exponentially from a maximum at a central point, exactly as does the charge density of helium's own electron cloud. This symmetry reflects similar underlying physics: the pair of neutrons and the pair of protons in helium's nucleus obey the same quantum mechanical rules as do helium's pair of electrons (although the nuclear particles are subject to a different nuclear binding potential), so that all these fermions fully occupy 1s orbitals in pairs, none of them possessing orbital angular momentum, and each cancelling the other's intrinsic spin. Adding another of any of these particles would require angular momentum and would release substantially less energy (in fact, no nucleus with five nucleons is stable). This arrangement is thus energetically extremely stable for all these particles, and this stability accounts for many crucial facts regarding helium in nature. For example, the stability and low energy of the electron cloud state in helium accounts for the element's chemical inertness, and also the lack of interaction of helium atoms with each other, producing the lowest melting and boiling points of all the elements. In a similar way, the particular energetic stability of the helium-4 nucleus, produced by similar effects, accounts for the ease of helium-4 production in atomic reactions that involve either heavy-particle emission or fusion. Some stable helium-3 (2 protons and 1 neutron) is produced in fusion reactions from hydrogen, but it is a very small fraction compared to the highly favorable helium-4. The unusual stability of the helium-4 nucleus is also important cosmologically: it explains the fact that in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, as the "soup" of free protons and neutrons which had initially been created in about 6:1 ratio cooled to the point that nuclear binding was possible, almost all first compound atomic nuclei to form were helium-4 nuclei. So tight was helium-4 binding that helium-4 production consumed nearly all of the free neutrons in a few minutes, before they could beta-decay, and also leaving few to form heavier atoms such as lithium, beryllium, or boron. Helium-4 nuclear binding per nucleon is stronger than in any of these elements (see nucleogenesis and binding energy) and thus, once helium had been formed, no energetic drive was available to make elements 3, 4 and 5. It was barely energetically favorable for helium to fuse into the next element with a lower energy per nucleon, carbon. However, due to lack of intermediate elements, this process requires three helium nuclei striking each other nearly simultaneously (see triple alpha process). There was thus no time for significant carbon to be formed in the few minutes after the Big Bang, before the early expanding universe cooled to the temperature and pressure point where helium fusion to carbon was no longer possible. This left the early universe with a very similar ratio of hydrogen/helium as is observed today (3 parts hydrogen to 1 part helium-4 by mass), with nearly all the neutrons in the universe trapped in helium-4. All heavier elements (including those necessary for rocky planets like the Earth, and for carbon-based or other life) have thus been created since the Big Bang in stars which were hot enough to fuse helium itself. All elements other than hydrogen and helium today account for only 2% of the mass of atomic matter in the universe. Helium-4, by contrast, makes up about 23% of the universe's ordinary matter—nearly all the ordinary matter that is not hydrogen. Gas and plasma phases Helium is the second least reactive noble gas after neon, and thus the second least reactive of all elements. It is chemically inert and monatomic in all standard conditions. Because of helium's relatively low molar (atomic) mass, its thermal conductivity, specific heat, and sound speed in the gas phase are all greater than any other gas except hydrogen. For these reasons and the small size of helium monatomic molecules, helium diffuses through solids at a rate three times that of air and around 65% that of hydrogen. Helium is the least water-soluble monatomic gas, and one of the least water-soluble of any gas (CF4, SF6, and C4F8 have lower mole fraction solubilities: 0.3802, 0.4394, and 0.2372 x2/10−5, respectively, versus helium's 0.70797 x2/10−5), and helium's index of refraction is closer to unity than that of any other gas. Helium has a negative Joule–Thomson coefficient at normal ambient temperatures, meaning it heats up when allowed to freely expand. Only below its Joule–Thomson inversion temperature (of about 32 to 50 K at 1 atmosphere) does it cool upon free expansion. Once precooled below this temperature, helium can be liquefied through expansion cooling. Most extraterrestrial helium is found in a plasma state, with properties quite different from those of atomic helium. In a plasma, helium's electrons are not bound to its nucleus, resulting in very high electrical conductivity, even when the gas is only partially ionized. The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind together with ionized hydrogen, the particles interact with the Earth's magnetosphere, giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Liquid helium Unlike any other element, helium will remain liquid down to absolute zero at normal pressures. This is a direct effect of quantum mechanics: specifically, the zero point energy of the system is too high to allow freezing. Solid helium requires a temperature of 1–1.5 K (about −272 °C or −457 °F) at about 25 bar (2.5 MPa) of pressure. It is often hard to distinguish solid from liquid helium since the refractive index of the two phases are nearly the same. The solid has a sharp melting point and has a crystalline structure, but it is highly compressible; applying pressure in a laboratory can decrease its volume by more than 30%. With a bulk modulus of about 27 MPa it is ~100 times more compressible than water. Solid helium has a density of at 1.15 K and 66 atm; the projected density at 0 K and 25 bar (2.5 MPa) is . At higher temperatures, helium will solidify with sufficient pressure. At room temperature, this requires about 114,000 atm. Helium I Below its boiling point of and above the lambda point of , the isotope helium-4 exists in a normal colorless liquid state, called helium I. Like other cryogenic liquids, helium I boils when it is heated and contracts when its temperature is lowered. Below the lambda point, however, helium does not boil, and it expands as the temperature is lowered further. Helium I has a gas-like index of refraction of 1.026 which makes its surface so hard to see that floats of Styrofoam are often used to show where the surface is. This colorless liquid has a very low viscosity and a density of 0.145–0.125 g/mL (between about 0 and 4 K), which is only one-fourth the value expected from classical physics. Quantum mechanics is needed to explain this property and thus both states of liquid helium (helium I and helium II) are called quantum fluids, meaning they display atomic properties on a macroscopic scale. This may be an effect of its boiling point being so close to absolute zero, preventing random molecular motion (thermal energy) from masking the atomic properties. Helium II Liquid helium below its lambda point (called helium II) exhibits very unusual characteristics. Due to its high thermal conductivity, when it boils, it does not bubble but rather evaporates directly from its surface. Helium-3 also has a superfluid phase, but only at much lower temperatures; as a result, less is known about the properties of the isotope. Helium II is a superfluid, a quantum mechanical state (see: macroscopic quantum phenomena) of matter with strange properties. For example, when it flows through capillaries as thin as 10−7 to 10−8 m it has no measurable viscosity. However, when measurements were done between two moving discs, a viscosity comparable to that of gaseous helium was observed. Current theory explains this using the two-fluid model for helium II. In this model, liquid helium below the lambda point is viewed as containing a proportion of helium atoms in a ground state, which are superfluid and flow with exactly zero viscosity, and a proportion of helium atoms in an excited state, which behave more like an ordinary fluid. In the fountain effect, a chamber is constructed which is connected to a reservoir of helium II by a sintered disc through which superfluid helium leaks easily but through which non-superfluid helium cannot pass. If the interior of the container is heated, the superfluid helium changes to non-superfluid helium. In order to maintain the equilibrium fraction of superfluid helium, superfluid helium leaks through and increases the pressure, causing liquid to fountain out of the container. The thermal conductivity of helium II is greater than that of any other known substance, a million times that of helium I and several hundred times that of copper. This is because heat conduction occurs by an exceptional quantum mechanism. Most materials that conduct heat well have a valence band of free electrons which serve to transfer the heat. Helium II has no such valence band but nevertheless conducts heat well. The flow of heat is governed by equations that are similar to the wave equation used to characterize sound propagation in air. When heat is introduced, it moves at 20 meters per second at 1.8 K through helium II as waves in a phenomenon known as second sound. Helium II also exhibits a creeping effect. When a surface extends past the level of helium II, the helium II moves along the surface, against the force of gravity. Helium II will escape from a vessel that is not sealed by creeping along the sides until it reaches a warmer region where it evaporates. It moves in a 30 nm-thick film regardless of surface material. This film is called a Rollin film and is named after the man who first characterized this trait, Bernard V. Rollin. As a result of this creeping behavior and helium II's ability to leak rapidly through tiny openings, it is very difficult to confine. Unless the container is carefully constructed, the helium II will creep along the surfaces and through valves until it reaches somewhere warmer, where it will evaporate. Waves propagating across a Rollin film are governed by the same equation as gravity waves in shallow water, but rather than gravity, the restoring force is the van der Waals force. These waves are known as third sound. Isotopes There are nine known isotopes of helium, but only helium-3 and helium-4 are stable. In the Earth's atmosphere, one atom is for every million that are . Unlike most elements, helium's isotopic abundance varies greatly by origin, due to the different formation processes. The most common isotope, helium-4, is produced on Earth by alpha decay of heavier radioactive elements; the alpha particles that emerge are fully ionized helium-4 nuclei. Helium-4 is an unusually stable nucleus because its nucleons are arranged into complete shells. It was also formed in enormous quantities during Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Helium-3 is present on Earth only in trace amounts. Most of it has been present since Earth's formation, though some falls to Earth trapped in cosmic dust. Trace amounts are also produced by the beta decay of tritium. Rocks from the Earth's crust have isotope ratios varying by as much as a factor of ten, and these ratios can be used to investigate the origin of rocks and the composition of the Earth's mantle. is much more abundant in stars as a product of nuclear fusion. Thus in the interstellar medium, the proportion of to is about 100 times higher than on Earth. Extraplanetary material, such as lunar and asteroid regolith, have trace amounts of helium-3 from being bombarded by solar winds. The Moon's surface contains helium-3 at concentrations on the order of 10 ppb, much higher than the approximately 5 ppt found in the Earth's atmosphere. A number of people, starting with Gerald Kulcinski in 1986, have proposed to explore the moon, mine lunar regolith, and use the helium-3 for fusion. Liquid helium-4 can be cooled to about using evaporative cooling in a 1-K pot. Similar cooling of helium-3, which has a lower boiling point, can achieve about in a helium-3 refrigerator. Equal mixtures of liquid and below separate into two immiscible phases due to their dissimilarity (they follow different quantum statistics: helium-4 atoms are bosons while helium-3 atoms are fermions). Dilution refrigerators use this immiscibility to achieve temperatures of a few millikelvins. It is possible to produce exotic helium isotopes, which rapidly decay into other substances. The shortest-lived heavy helium isotope is helium-5 with a half-life of . Helium-6 decays by emitting a beta particle and has a half-life of 0.8 second. Helium-7 also emits a beta particle as well as a gamma ray. Helium-7 and helium-8 are created in certain nuclear reactions. Helium-6 and helium-8 are known to exhibit a nuclear halo. Compounds Helium has a valence of zero and is chemically unreactive under all normal conditions. It is an electrical insulator unless ionized. As with the other noble gases, helium has metastable energy levels that allow it to remain ionized in an electrical discharge with a voltage below its ionization potential. Helium can form unstable compounds, known as excimers, with tungsten, iodine, fluorine, sulfur, and phosphorus when | helium II is greater than that of any other known substance, a million times that of helium I and several hundred times that of copper. This is because heat conduction occurs by an exceptional quantum mechanism. Most materials that conduct heat well have a valence band of free electrons which serve to transfer the heat. Helium II has no such valence band but nevertheless conducts heat well. The flow of heat is governed by equations that are similar to the wave equation used to characterize sound propagation in air. When heat is introduced, it moves at 20 meters per second at 1.8 K through helium II as waves in a phenomenon known as second sound. Helium II also exhibits a creeping effect. When a surface extends past the level of helium II, the helium II moves along the surface, against the force of gravity. Helium II will escape from a vessel that is not sealed by creeping along the sides until it reaches a warmer region where it evaporates. It moves in a 30 nm-thick film regardless of surface material. This film is called a Rollin film and is named after the man who first characterized this trait, Bernard V. Rollin. As a result of this creeping behavior and helium II's ability to leak rapidly through tiny openings, it is very difficult to confine. Unless the container is carefully constructed, the helium II will creep along the surfaces and through valves until it reaches somewhere warmer, where it will evaporate. Waves propagating across a Rollin film are governed by the same equation as gravity waves in shallow water, but rather than gravity, the restoring force is the van der Waals force. These waves are known as third sound. Isotopes There are nine known isotopes of helium, but only helium-3 and helium-4 are stable. In the Earth's atmosphere, one atom is for every million that are . Unlike most elements, helium's isotopic abundance varies greatly by origin, due to the different formation processes. The most common isotope, helium-4, is produced on Earth by alpha decay of heavier radioactive elements; the alpha particles that emerge are fully ionized helium-4 nuclei. Helium-4 is an unusually stable nucleus because its nucleons are arranged into complete shells. It was also formed in enormous quantities during Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Helium-3 is present on Earth only in trace amounts. Most of it has been present since Earth's formation, though some falls to Earth trapped in cosmic dust. Trace amounts are also produced by the beta decay of tritium. Rocks from the Earth's crust have isotope ratios varying by as much as a factor of ten, and these ratios can be used to investigate the origin of rocks and the composition of the Earth's mantle. is much more abundant in stars as a product of nuclear fusion. Thus in the interstellar medium, the proportion of to is about 100 times higher than on Earth. Extraplanetary material, such as lunar and asteroid regolith, have trace amounts of helium-3 from being bombarded by solar winds. The Moon's surface contains helium-3 at concentrations on the order of 10 ppb, much higher than the approximately 5 ppt found in the Earth's atmosphere. A number of people, starting with Gerald Kulcinski in 1986, have proposed to explore the moon, mine lunar regolith, and use the helium-3 for fusion. Liquid helium-4 can be cooled to about using evaporative cooling in a 1-K pot. Similar cooling of helium-3, which has a lower boiling point, can achieve about in a helium-3 refrigerator. Equal mixtures of liquid and below separate into two immiscible phases due to their dissimilarity (they follow different quantum statistics: helium-4 atoms are bosons while helium-3 atoms are fermions). Dilution refrigerators use this immiscibility to achieve temperatures of a few millikelvins. It is possible to produce exotic helium isotopes, which rapidly decay into other substances. The shortest-lived heavy helium isotope is helium-5 with a half-life of . Helium-6 decays by emitting a beta particle and has a half-life of 0.8 second. Helium-7 also emits a beta particle as well as a gamma ray. Helium-7 and helium-8 are created in certain nuclear reactions. Helium-6 and helium-8 are known to exhibit a nuclear halo. Compounds Helium has a valence of zero and is chemically unreactive under all normal conditions. It is an electrical insulator unless ionized. As with the other noble gases, helium has metastable energy levels that allow it to remain ionized in an electrical discharge with a voltage below its ionization potential. Helium can form unstable compounds, known as excimers, with tungsten, iodine, fluorine, sulfur, and phosphorus when it is subjected to a glow discharge, to electron bombardment, or reduced to plasma by other means. The molecular compounds HeNe, HgHe10, and WHe2, and the molecular ions , , , and have been created this way. HeH+ is also stable in its ground state, but is extremely reactive—it is the strongest Brønsted acid known, and therefore can exist only in isolation, as it will protonate any molecule or counteranion it contacts. This technique has also produced the neutral molecule He2, which has a large number of band systems, and HgHe, which is apparently held together only by polarization forces. Van der Waals compounds of helium can also be formed with cryogenic helium gas and atoms of some other substance, such as LiHe and He2. Theoretically, other true compounds may be possible, such as helium fluorohydride (HHeF) which would be analogous to HArF, discovered in 2000. Calculations show that two new compounds containing a helium-oxygen bond could be stable. Two new molecular species, predicted using theory, CsFHeO and N(CH3)4FHeO, are derivatives of a metastable FHeO− anion first theorized in 2005 by a group from Taiwan. If confirmed by experiment, the only remaining element with no known stable compounds would be neon. Helium atoms have been inserted into the hollow carbon cage molecules (the fullerenes) by heating under high pressure. The endohedral fullerene molecules formed are stable at high temperatures. When chemical derivatives of these fullerenes are formed, the helium stays inside. If helium-3 is used, it can be readily observed by helium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Many fullerenes containing helium-3 have been reported. Although the helium atoms are not attached by covalent or ionic bonds, these substances have distinct properties and a definite composition, like all stoichiometric chemical compounds. Under high pressures helium can form compounds with various other elements. Helium-nitrogen clathrate (He(N2)11) crystals have been grown at room temperature at pressures ca. 10 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. The insulating electride Na2He has been shown to be thermodynamically stable at pressures above 113 GPa. It has a fluorite structure. Occurrence and production Natural abundance Although it is rare on Earth, helium is the second most abundant element in the known Universe, constituting 23% of its baryonic mass. Only hydrogen is more abundant. The vast majority of helium was formed by Big Bang nucleosynthesis one to three minutes after the Big Bang. As such, measurements of its abundance contribute to cosmological models. In stars, it is formed by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in proton–proton chain reactions and the CNO cycle, part of stellar nucleosynthesis. In the Earth's atmosphere, the concentration of helium by volume is only 5.2 parts per million. The concentration is low and fairly constant despite the continuous production of new helium because most helium in the Earth's atmosphere escapes into space by several processes. In the Earth's heterosphere, a part of the upper atmosphere, helium and other lighter gases are the most abundant elements. Most helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay. Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium, including uraninite and its varieties cleveite and pitchblende, carnotite and monazite (a group name; "monazite" usually refers to monazite-(Ce)), because they emit alpha particles (helium nuclei, He2+) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock. In this way an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere. In the Earth's crust, the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion. In seawater, the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion. There are also small amounts in mineral springs, volcanic gas, and meteoric iron. Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas, the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas, from which most commercial helium is extracted. The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7% in a small gas field in San Juan County, New Mexico. the world's helium reserves were estimated at 31 billion cubic meters, with a third of that being in Qatar. In 2015 and 2016 additional probable reserves were announced to be under the Rocky Mountains in North America and in the East African Rift. Modern extraction and distribution For large-scale use, helium is extracted by fractional distillation from natural gas, which can contain as much as 7% helium. Since helium has a lower boiling point than any other element, low temperature and high pressure are used to liquefy nearly all the other gases (mostly nitrogen and methane). The resulting crude helium gas is purified by successive exposures to lowering temperatures, in which almost all of the remaining nitrogen and other gases are precipitated out of the gaseous mixture. Activated charcoal is used as a final purification step, usually resulting in 99.995% pure Grade-A helium. The principal impurity in Grade-A helium is neon. In a final production step, most of the helium that is produced is liquefied via a cryogenic process. This is necessary for applications requiring liquid helium and also allows helium suppliers to reduce the cost of long-distance transportation, as the largest liquid helium containers have more than five times the capacity of the largest gaseous helium tube trailers. In 2008, approximately 169 million standard cubic meters (SCM) of helium were extracted from natural gas or withdrawn from helium reserves with approximately 78% from the United States, 10% from Algeria, and most of the remainder from Russia, Poland and Qatar. By 2013, increases in helium production in Qatar (under the company RasGas managed by Air Liquide) had increased Qatar's fraction of world helium production to 25%, and made it the second largest exporter after the United States. An estimated deposit of helium was found in Tanzania in 2016. A large-scale helium plant was opened in Ningxia, China in 2020. In the United States, most helium is extracted from natural gas of the Hugoton and nearby gas fields in Kansas, Oklahoma, and the Panhandle Field in Texas. Much of this gas was once sent by pipeline to the National Helium Reserve, but since 2005 this reserve is being depleted and sold off, and is expected to be largely depleted by 2021, under the October 2013 Responsible Helium Administration and Stewardship Act (H.R. 527). Diffusion of crude natural gas through special semipermeable membranes and other barriers is another method to recover and purify helium. In 1996, the U.S. had proven helium reserves, in such gas well complexes, of about 147 billion standard cubic feet (4.2 billion SCM). At rates of use at that time (72 million SCM per year in the U.S.; see pie chart below) this would have been enough helium for about 58 years of U.S. use, and less than this (perhaps 80% of the time) at world use rates, although factors in saving and processing impact effective reserve numbers. Helium must be extracted from natural gas because it is present in air at only a fraction of that of neon, yet the demand for it is far higher. It is estimated that if all neon production were retooled to save helium, 0.1% of the world's helium demands would be satisfied. Similarly, only 1% of the world's helium demands could be satisfied by re-tooling all air distillation plants. Helium can be synthesized by bombardment of lithium or boron with high-velocity protons, or by bombardment of lithium with deuterons, but these processes are a completely uneconomical method of production. Helium is commercially available in either liquid or gaseous form. As a liquid, it can be supplied in small insulated containers called dewars which hold as much as 1,000 liters of helium, or in large ISO containers which have nominal capacities as large as 42 m3 (around 11,000 U.S. gallons). In gaseous form, small quantities of helium are supplied in high-pressure cylinders holding as much as 8 m3 (approx. 282 standard cubic feet), while large quantities of high-pressure gas are supplied in tube trailers which have capacities of as much as 4,860 m3 (approx. 172,000 standard cubic feet). Conservation advocates According to helium conservationists like Nobel laureate physicist Robert Coleman Richardson, writing in 2010, the free market price of helium has contributed to "wasteful" usage (e.g. for helium balloons). Prices in the 2000s had been lowered by the decision of the U.S. Congress to sell off the country's large helium stockpile by 2015. According to Richardson, the price needed to be multiplied by 20 to eliminate the excessive wasting of helium. In their book, the Future of helium as a natural resource (Routledge, 2012), Nuttall, Clarke & Glowacki (2012) also proposed to create an International Helium Agency (IHA) to build a sustainable market for this precious commodity. Applications While balloons are perhaps the best known use of helium, they are a minor part of all helium use. Helium is used for many purposes that require some of its unique properties, such as its low boiling point, low density, low solubility, high thermal conductivity, or inertness. Of the 2014 world helium total production of about 32 million kg (180 million standard cubic meters) helium per year, the largest use (about 32% of the total in 2014) is in cryogenic applications, most of which involves cooling the superconducting magnets in medical MRI scanners and NMR spectrometers. Other major uses were pressurizing and purging systems, welding, maintenance of controlled atmospheres, and leak detection. Other uses by category were relatively minor fractions. Controlled atmospheres Helium is used as a protective gas in growing silicon and germanium crystals, in titanium and zirconium production, and in gas chromatography, because it is inert. Because of its inertness, thermally and calorically perfect nature, high speed of sound, and high value of the heat capacity ratio, it is also useful in supersonic wind tunnels and impulse facilities. Gas tungsten arc welding Helium is used as a shielding gas in arc welding processes on materials that at welding temperatures are contaminated and weakened by air or nitrogen. A number of inert shielding gases are used in gas tungsten arc welding, but helium is used instead of cheaper argon especially for welding materials that have higher heat conductivity, like aluminium or copper. Minor uses Industrial leak detection One industrial application for helium is leak detection. Because helium diffuses through solids three times faster than air, it is used as a tracer gas to detect leaks in high-vacuum equipment (such as cryogenic tanks) and high-pressure containers. The tested object is placed in a chamber, which is then evacuated and filled with helium. The helium that escapes through the leaks is detected by a sensitive device (helium mass spectrometer), even at the leak rates as small as 10−9 mbar·L/s (10−10 Pa·m3/s). The measurement procedure is normally automatic and is called helium integral test. A simpler procedure is to fill the tested object with helium and to manually search for leaks with a hand-held device. Helium leaks through cracks should not be confused with gas permeation through a bulk material. While helium has documented permeation constants (thus a calculable permeation rate) through glasses, ceramics, and synthetic materials, inert gases such as helium will not permeate most bulk metals. Flight Because it is lighter than air, airships and balloons are inflated with helium for lift. While hydrogen gas is more buoyant, and escapes permeating through a membrane at a lower rate, helium has the advantage of being non-flammable, and indeed fire-retardant. Another minor use is in rocketry, where helium is used as an ullage medium to displace fuel and oxidizers in storage tanks and to condense hydrogen and oxygen to make rocket fuel. It is also used to purge fuel and oxidizer from ground support equipment prior to launch and to pre-cool liquid hydrogen in space vehicles. For example, the Saturn V rocket used in the Apollo program needed about 370,000 m3 (13 million cubic feet) of helium to launch. Minor commercial and recreational uses Helium as a breathing gas has no narcotic properties, so helium mixtures such as trimix, heliox and heliair are used for deep diving to reduce the effects of narcosis, which worsen with increasing depth. As pressure increases with depth, the density of the breathing gas also increases, and the low molecular weight of helium is found to considerably reduce the effort of breathing by lowering the density of the mixture. This reduces the Reynolds number of flow, leading to a reduction of turbulent flow and an increase in laminar flow, which requires less work of breathing. At depths below divers breathing helium–oxygen mixtures begin to experience tremors and a decrease in psychomotor function, symptoms of high-pressure nervous syndrome. This effect may be countered to some extent by adding an amount of narcotic gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen to a helium–oxygen mixture. Helium–neon lasers, a type of low-powered gas laser producing a red beam, had various practical applications which included barcode readers and laser pointers, before they were almost universally replaced by cheaper diode lasers. For its inertness and high thermal conductivity, neutron transparency, and because it does not form radioactive isotopes under reactor conditions, helium is used as a heat-transfer medium in some gas-cooled nuclear reactors. Helium, mixed with a heavier gas such as xenon, is useful for thermoacoustic refrigeration due to the resulting high heat capacity ratio and low Prandtl number. The inertness of helium has environmental advantages over conventional refrigeration systems which contribute to ozone depletion or global warming. Helium is also used in some hard disk drives. Scientific uses The use of helium reduces the distorting effects of temperature variations in the space between lenses in some telescopes, due to its extremely low index of refraction. This method is especially used in solar telescopes where a vacuum tight telescope tube would be too heavy. Helium is a commonly used carrier gas for gas chromatography. The age of rocks and minerals that contain uranium and thorium can be estimated by measuring the level of helium with a process known as helium dating. Helium at low temperatures is used in cryogenics, and in certain cryogenics applications. As examples of applications, liquid helium is used to cool certain metals to the extremely low temperatures required for superconductivity, such as in superconducting magnets for magnetic resonance imaging. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN uses 96 metric tons of liquid helium to maintain the temperature at . Medical uses Helium was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2020 for humans and animals. As a contaminant While chemically inert, helium contamination impairs the operation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) such that iPhones may fail. Inhalation and safety Effects Neutral helium at standard conditions is non-toxic, plays no biological role and is found in trace amounts in human blood. The speed of sound in helium is nearly three times the speed of sound in air. Because the natural resonance frequency of a gas-filled cavity is proportional to the speed of sound in the gas, when helium is inhaled, a corresponding increase occurs in the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract, which is the amplifier of vocal sound. This increase in the resonant frequency of the amplifier (the vocal tract) gives an increased amplification to the high-frequency components of the sound wave produced by the direct vibration of the vocal folds, compared to the case when the voice box is filled with air. When a person speaks after inhaling helium gas, the muscles that control the voice box still move in the same way as when the voice box is filled with air, therefore the fundamental frequency (sometimes called pitch) produced by direct vibration of the vocal folds does not change. However, the high-frequency-preferred amplification causes a change in timbre of the amplified sound, resulting in a reedy, duck-like vocal quality. The opposite effect, lowering resonant frequencies, can be obtained by inhaling a dense gas such as sulfur hexafluoride or xenon. Hazards Inhaling helium can be dangerous if done to excess, since helium is a simple asphyxiant and so displaces oxygen needed for normal respiration. Fatalities have been recorded, including a youth who suffocated in Vancouver in 2003 and two adults who suffocated in South Florida in 2006. In 1998, an Australian girl from Victoria fell unconscious and temporarily turned blue after inhaling the entire contents of a party balloon. Inhaling helium directly from pressurized cylinders or even balloon filling valves is extremely dangerous, as high flow rate and pressure can result in barotrauma, fatally rupturing lung tissue. Death caused by helium is rare. The first media-recorded case was that of a 15-year-old girl from Texas who died in 1998 from helium inhalation at a friend's party; the exact type of helium death is unidentified. In the United States only two fatalities were reported between 2000 and 2004, including a man who died in North Carolina of barotrauma in 2002. A youth asphyxiated in Vancouver during 2003, and a 27-year-old man in Australia had an embolism after breathing from a cylinder in 2000. Since then two adults asphyxiated in South Florida in 2006, and there were cases in 2009 and 2010, one a Californian youth who was found with a bag over his head, attached to a helium tank, and another teenager in Northern Ireland died of asphyxiation. At Eagle Point, Oregon a teenage girl died in 2012 from barotrauma at a party. A girl from Michigan died from hypoxia later in the year. On February 4, 2015, it was revealed that, during the recording of their main TV show on January 28, a 12-year-old member (name withheld) of Japanese all-girl singing group 3B Junior suffered from air embolism, losing consciousness and falling into a coma as a result of air bubbles blocking the flow of blood to the brain, after inhaling huge quantities of helium as part of a game. The incident was not made public until a week later. The staff of TV Asahi held an emergency press conference to communicate that the member had been taken to the hospital and is showing signs of rehabilitation such as moving eyes and limbs, but her consciousness has not yet been sufficiently recovered. Police have launched an investigation due to a neglect of safety measures. The safety issues for cryogenic helium are similar to those of liquid nitrogen; its extremely low temperatures can result in cold burns, and the liquid-to-gas expansion ratio can cause explosions if no pressure-relief devices are installed. Containers of helium gas at 5 to 10 K should be handled as if they contain liquid helium due to the rapid and significant thermal expansion that occurs when helium gas at less than 10 K is warmed to room temperature. At high pressures (more than about 20 atm or two MPa), a mixture of helium and oxygen (heliox) can lead to high-pressure nervous syndrome, a sort of reverse-anesthetic effect; adding a small amount of nitrogen to the mixture can alleviate the problem. See also Abiogenic petroleum origin Helium-3 propulsion Leidenfrost effect Superfluid Tracer-gas leak testing method Hamilton Cady Notes References Bibliography External links General U.S. Government's Bureau of Land Management: Sources, Refinement, and Shortage. With some history of helium. U.S. Geological Survey publications on helium beginning 1996: Helium Where is all the helium? Aga website It's Elemental – Helium Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Helium International Chemical Safety Cards – Helium; includes health and safety information regarding accidental exposures to helium More detail Helium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham) Helium at the Helsinki University of Technology; includes pressure-temperature phase diagrams for helium-3 and helium-4 Lancaster University, Ultra Low Temperature Physics – |
is a village in Kardzhali Municipality, Kardzhali | Zaychino is a village in Kardzhali Municipality, |
Adults were found in the mountains at medial (900 meters) and high altitude (1,700 meters) in July. | Adults were được tìm thấy ở vùng núi at medial (900 meters) và high altitude (1,700 meters) in tháng 7. |
Each panel will display a different representation of Fismes during the First World War and its assistance and liberation by American soldiers in the 28th Infantry Division. | Chaque panneau montre une représentation différente de Fismes pendant la Première guerre mondiale et de son aide et libération par les soldats américains de la 28e Division d'Infanterie. |
Owing to her disdain at gossiping on the house steps, she was nicknamed "Lady Behan" by her neighbours. | En raison de son mépris pour les commérages sur les marches de la maison, elle est surnommée « Lady Behan » par ses voisins. |
Al Mubarak's position as ruler of Kuwait means that I am the true ruler of Kuwait. | La position d'Al Moubarak en tant que souverain du Koweït signifie que je suis le vrai souverain du Koweït. |
I don't often drink wine. | Ich trinke nicht oft Wein. |
And I sat in on several meetings. | והשתתפתי במספר פגישות. |
Matchbox Twenty. It was released as the fifth and final single from their second album, Mad Season (2000), reaching number 20 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and number 96 on the UK Singles Chart. Content The narrator is reflecting on | at all the wrong times. Track listing European maxi-CD single "Last Beautiful Girl" "Push" (live) "Bent" (live) Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2000 songs 2001 singles Atlantic Records singles Lava Records singles Matchbox Twenty songs Song recordings produced by Matt Serletic Songs written by Matt Serletic Songs |
Marcel Pagnol states that Eustache Dauger de Cavoye died in detention in 1679, without however quoting any document proving this. | Marcel Pagnol déclare Eustache Dauger de Cavoye décédé en détention en 1679, sans cependant citer de document en attestant. |
how many hours does baby sleep? | Generally, newborns sleep about 8 to 9 hours in the daytime and about 8 hours at night. But they may not sleep more than 1 to 2 hours at a time. Most babies don't start sleeping through the night (6 to 8 hours) without waking until they are about 3 months old, or until they weigh 12 to 13 pounds. |
What is the evolutionary benefit of a citrus fruit growing as a ball of "slices"? | Just a something to the way you worded your question -- not everything *has* an evolutionary advantage! Think about it! What's the evolutionary advantage for our fingernails? well, they're kind of remnants from the past. they don't do so much for us now! For oranges, they grow in slices because of the way the reproductive structure is shaped in the flower - each slice is a chamber that holds [ovules](_URL_0_). I'd imagine selection by humans has helped the oranges you find in the supermarket to have those very distinct slices. |
Clean and Maintain a Dishwasher | Most of us don't think about cleaning the dishwasher very often. After all, if the dishes are getting cleaner, shouldn't the dishwasher get cleaner, too? |
Lines of Fate as Andrey Shurkov 2005 The State Counsellor as Nikolai Seleznov / Rakhmet 2006 Filipp's Bay as Booth 2006 Dikari as Baron 2007 12 as 9th Juror 2008 Little Moscow as Major KGB 2008 Stilyagi as Labukh 2009 The Inhabited Island as Shurin 2009 L'affaire Farewell as Choukhov 2010 The 5th Execution as General 2010 The Edge as Kolivanov 2010 The House of the Sun as Boris Pavlovich Kapelsky 2011 The PyraMMMid as Colonel 2012 Moms as telephone cheater 2012 Atomic Ivan as Ivan's father 2012 Spy as Selentsov 2012 Eastalgia as Zhora 2013 Möbius as Korzhov 2013 Khaytarma as Krotov 2013 Shuler as Leonid Balaban 2013 Sherlok Kholms as Professor Moriarty / The Cabman 2014 Trubach as Vasily Petrovich, artistic director of the orchestra 2014 Son as Father as Georgiy Teodorady, The Arbitrator of the organised crime 2014 Leningrad 46 as The Musician 2015 National Guard as Oleksiy 2015 Locust as Kavtorang 2018 The Wild Fields as Pastor 2021 The Last Mercenary Television 2018 The Bureau (Le Bureau des Légendes), season 4 and 5 as Karlov References External links 1961 births Living people Recipients of the title of People's Artists of Ukraine Ukrainian male film actors Ukrainian male stage actors Soviet male film actors Soviet male stage | with her husband, actor and his mentor Konstantin Stepankov. In 1984 he graduated from the Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University (in Konstantin Stepankov's course). Gorbunov began acting his first film, Unlabeled Cargo on the day he received his diploma. From 1984 to 1995 he worked for Oleksandr Dovzhenko. In the spring of 1985 to 20 April 1987, he served in the Soviet Army. In the 1990s Gorbunov worked as a private taxi driver because of the crisis at the Dovzhenko Film Studio. Director Vladimir Popkov helped him get back into cinema by inviting him for the role of Jester Chicot in the movie Countess de Monsoreau. Gorbunov worked in the Theater Studio of Film Actor, in the private Chamber Theatre M. Nestantiner and Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian |
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