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Scientists have spent the past fortnight on the Western Antarctic ice sheet trying to drill down to ice-locked Lake Ellsworth .
They hope to find life forms which have been shut off from the rest of the Earth for at least 100,000 years .
However malfunctioning boilers have now pitted them in a race against time to complete the project before their equipment freezes . | By . Damien Gayle . PUBLISHED: . 13:21 EST, 18 December 2012 . | . UPDATED: . 03:36 EST, 19 December 2012 . A British team toiling beneath Antarctica's midnight sun to drill down to a lake buried beneath two miles of ice have had their attempts frustratingly delayed by malfunctions. Twelve scientists from the British Antarctic Survey have worked around the clock over the past fortnight to bore 10,000ft down to ice-locked Lake Ellsworth to collect samples of water and sediment. They hope to find unique microbial life forms there which have been isolated for at least 100,000 years - and probably much longer. Scroll down for video . The team's test drill hole. They now face a race against time to drill 2 miles into the ice to try and reach a frozen lake where they will look for signs of microbial life . The team's 12 scientists have been working around the clock to try and save the mission . The malfunction could mean that the project, which took 16 years to plan, would have to be abandoned . The team had hoped to penetrate the thick ice cap to reach the lake today, but technical difficulties have knocked them off schedule, pitting them in a race against time to complete the mission before their equipment freezes. The BAS team have been trying to melt their way down to Ellsworth using a 2 mile-long hose tipped with a brass nozzle that sprays sterile water heated to 90C at a pressure of 2,000lbs per square inch. However, when the scientists fired up their boiler's primary burner for the first time its controller circuit failed. A secondary burner was fitted and the team worked around the clock to shovel snow to feed the hot-water drill, and in four days they had melted enough to begin drilling the borehole to the cavity. Aerial view of the site, where the the 12 scientists, from the British Antarctic Survey, are now in a race against time to complete the mission . Drill testing at the base, where staff now face a race against time . The 12 scientists, from the British Antarctic Survey, are now in a race against time to complete the mission before the borehole reseals as they only have enough fuel for one attempt . But then, on Saturday afternoon, this secondary burner failed leaving the BAS team with nothing to do but wait for a replacement part as their bore hole - and equipment - slowly begins to freeze shut. 'We are now committed, having gone past the point of no return,' expedition leader Chris Hill told the Independent. 'If anything stops working now, water could freeze in the pipes and the whole programme could come to a halt.' Drilling preparations for the team, who admit that they only have one more chance to complete the project . The drill site in situe of the Ellsworth mountains. The £7million project to drill beneath two miles of Antarctic ice in search of undiscovered life hangs in the balance - after a major equipment failure. The BAS reports that the replacement components will be with the deep field team in a few days time. They will work with the manufacturers to make sure they install them properly. But if the replacement parts malfunction malfunction again the team will have no option other than to by pass the circuitry and manually 'drive' the burner - an operation that will require skill and a light touch. The Lake Ellsworth drill site on the West Antarctic ice sheet: Four British scientists arrived at the site yesterday to finalise preparations for drilling down to a lake locked beneath nearly 10,000ft of ice . For Queen and country: The mission is the most ambitious attempt yet to use hot water drilling to penetrate deep beneath the glaciers which coat our planets southernmost continent . One of more than 400 sub-glacial lakes . in Antarctica, Ellsworth is equivalent in size to the UK's Lake . Windermere, measuring 7.5 miles long by 1.8 miles wide, and nearly 500ft . deep. Completely cut off from any light from . the Sun, any life lurking beneath its waters must endure complete . darkness, intense pressure and subzero temperatures. It is only geothermal heat from the . Earth's core and the intense pressure exerted by the weight of the ice . above that has kept it liquid. Should any organisms be found living . in its icy depths, they could offer tantalising clues as to how life . might look elsewhere in the solar system, such as in the ice-covered . oceans of Jupiter's moon Europa. Expedition leader Chris Hill confirmed they were past the point of no return and feared the water would re-freeze in the pipes and borehole, halting the programme. A plane unloading fuel at the site . Staff at the site working on the project's test drill holes . The BAS team planned first to bore . down to 1,000ft, then stop to create a cavity, then drill a second . borehole from the surface down through the this cavity and all the way . down to the lake. The cavity is what controls the . pressure of the liquid being drawn from Ellsworth, stopping a geyser of . prehistoric water from bursting back up through the borehole and . spilling out over the surface of the ice. Once they reach the waters, they will . have just 24 hours to sterilise the entrance to the hole with intense UV . light and lower a probe into the lake to collect their samples before . the hole refreezes again. Technology: The BAS team will melt their way into the lake using a 2 mile-long hose tipped with a brass nozzle that sprays sterile water heated to 90C at a pressure of 2,000lbs per square inch . Lake Ellsworth is one of 200 subglacial lakes in the Antarctic: Equivalent in size to the UK's Lake Windermere, it measures 7.5 miles long by 1.8 miles wide, and is nearly 500ft deep . The location of Lake Ellsworth on the West Antarctic ice sheet: It is just one of 400 subglacial lakes detected beneath the ice of the frozen southern continent . Chris Hill, a British Antarctic Survey . engineer who is heading the programme, spoke earlier this month to the . Guardian by phone from his tent on the West Antarctic ice sheet. 'It's bloody cold,' he said. The team will spent six weeks at the . site, where temperatures, according to the BAS, are -25C, with winds of . 20 knots. For much of that time they will work around the clock.' Lake Ellsworth Principal Investigator . Martin Siegert from the University of Bristol said: 'This British . mission is part of an international effort to discover and explore . subglacial lake environments. Team effort: The 12-man team have been working around the clock to shovel snow to feed their hot-water drill - until the boiler frustratingly malfunctioned . Inhospitable: The team have been battling against freezing cold weather to complete their mission . Ambitious: Intrepid engineers and scientists from the British Antarctic Survey have been trying to drill two miles to an ice-locked lake deep beneath the glaciers of the western Antarctic . 'We are about to explore the unknown . and I am very excited that our mission will advance our scientific . understanding of Antarctica’s hidden world. 'Right now we are working round the . clock in a cold, demanding and extreme location – it’s testing our own . personal endurance, but it is entirely worth it. 'The technical difficulties are something that are not unfamiliar in Antarctica - it's a hostile environment and very difficult to do things smoothly. 'The good news is that we found the fault relatively early on in our deployment system and so we have quite a lot of fuel that is left remaining. 'If we didn't have that of course we wouldn't be able to continue any further.' VIDEO British team toil to break through two miles of Antarctica ice . |
how long do you have to wait to get a nose ring? | Wait at least six months. Nostril piercings are not very forgiving if you try to change the jewelry too soon. Not waiting long enough could result in irritation, a tear to the piercing channel, scarring, an increased risk of infection, or difficulty reinserting the jewelry. |
Tomoe is the only one able to 'control' her; they are always together, and for this reason they had no friends before befriending Sumika and the others. | Tomoe parece ser la única capaz de controlarla; siempre están juntas, y por esta razón no tienen otros amigos antes de conocer a Sumika y las otras. |
Bill McKechnie became the second manager to lead two different teams to the World Series, and like Pat Moran, won one and lost one. | Bill McKechnie divenne il secondo manager a guidare due diverse squadre alle World Series e, come Pat Moran, ne vinse una e perse l'altra. |
Why everyone hates Iran | Because it saves them from having to discuss *real* foreign policy questions. Obama doesn't want to discuss real issues because much of his foreign policies have been evil - more or less copies of Dubya's. Romney doesn't want to discuss real issues because he has no experience in the area and is afraid he'll get slaughtered. So, as is often the case with a two-party system, the two major parties distract the average idiot with sensationalistic crap, while they continue to do whatever evil they want behind the scenes. |
In 1708 he was placed in charge of the port and presidio of Callao, Peru. | Nel 1708 fu incaricato della gestione del porto e del presidio di Callao, in Perù. |
is ntuc plus card a member? | The Plus! card is a Plus! Rewards Programme membership card for all customers of NTUC's Social Enterprises. Cardholders who are not Union members, will not be entitled to any Union membership privileges and benefits. |
The Society's revue has appeared monthly since 1822, as Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (1822–1899) — offering in octavo format early news of all the discoveries of the nineteenth century — or quarterly, as La Géographie, with a break in 1940–46. | Društvena revija se pojavljuje od 1822. jednom mjesečno kao Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (1822.-1899.)—nudeći u octavo formatu rane novosti o svim otkrićima u devetnaestom stoljeću—ili jedno u tri mjeseca kao La Géographie sa stankom u razdoblju 1940-46. |
is the 110th season in the football club's history and first in the 3. Liga, the third flight of German football. TSV Havelse will also participate in this season's edition of the Lower Saxony Cup. This is the first season for Havelse in the HDI-Arena, | 110th season in the football club's history and first in the 3. Liga, the third flight of German football. TSV Havelse will also participate in this season's edition of the Lower Saxony Cup. This is the first season for |
Vickers' most recent book, The Pearl Frontier, co-written with Julia Martínez, won the University of Southern Queensland History Book Award at the 2016 Queensland Literary Awards. | Buku terbaru Vickers, The Pearl Frontier, ditulis bersama Julia Martínez, memenangkan Penghargaan Buku Sejarah Universitas Queensland Selatan di Penghargaan Sastra Queensland 2016. |
In November 2011, the chairman unlawfully terminated the employment of a pilot who had cancer. | Pada November 2011, pimpinan perusahaan secara ilegal menghentikan kontrak kerja dari seorang pilot yang menderita kanker. |
what is the difference between advent and christmas in the roman catholic church? | Advent is the period of four Sundays and weeks before Christmas (or sometimes from the 1st December to Christmas Day!). Advent means 'Coming' in Latin. This is the coming of Jesus into the world. Christians use the four Sundays and weeks of Advent to prepare and remember the real meaning of Christmas. |
River Glen Park in 1975, its last season. Following several fires, the city purchased it in 1981. The 1910 carousel was relocated to Marriott's Great America near Chicago the next year and reopened as the Ameri-Go-Round. Fontaine Ferry has been cited bitterly as a reminder of racial segregation in Louisville. It was located between two public parks and, prior to racial integration, one was designated for Whites (Shawnee Park) and the other for Blacks (Chickasaw Park). It is now the site of a residential development called Fontaine Estates, where houses were first sold in 1996. The $1.2 million Shawnee Park Sports Complex was built on the former Fontaine Ferry site in 1997. See also History of Louisville, Kentucky List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area Rose Island (amusement park) West End Community Council References | 1964, and was vandalized heavily during racial unrest on May 4, 1969. The nearby Shawnee neighborhood had also been integrated, and white flight was occurring heavily there, especially after the 1968 riots in the West End. The park was sold in 1969, and renamed Ghost Town on the River in 1972, then River Glen Park in 1975, its last season. Following several fires, the city purchased it in 1981. The 1910 carousel was relocated to Marriott's Great America near Chicago the next year and reopened as the Ameri-Go-Round. Fontaine Ferry has been cited bitterly as a reminder of racial segregation in Louisville. It was located between two public parks and, prior to racial integration, one was designated for Whites (Shawnee Park) and the other for Blacks (Chickasaw Park). It is now the site of a residential development called Fontaine Estates, where houses were first sold in 1996. The $1.2 million Shawnee Park Sports Complex was built on the former Fontaine Ferry site in 1997. See also History of Louisville, Kentucky List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area Rose Island (amusement park) West End Community Council References Aubespin, Mervin, Kenneth Clay, and J. Blaine Hudson. Two Centuries of Black Louisville External links Memories of Fontaine Ferry Park — Memories of |
Reconnaissance units 31st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron Photographic (July–August 1950) Flew combat missions to provide FEAF Bomber Command with target and bomb-damage assessment photography. | Разведывательные подразделения 31-я стратегическая разведывательная эскадрилья, фотографическая (июль-август 1950 г.) Пролетают боевые задания, чтобы обеспечить командование бомбардировщиков FEAF с фотографией оценки цели и бомбы. |
Plume tectonics | 플룸 구조론 |
Muda is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. There are at least four described species in Muda. Species These four | tua Schouten, Duffels & Zaidi, 2004 c g Muda virguncula (Walker, F., 1857) c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = |
a bit of confusion over pointers (void ones) and functions | Function does not change passed pointer C++ |
cost to build shell house | The difference between insulated concrete panels and stick built construction is about a dollar per square foot, and sometimes less. The entire cost of building a home from foundation to shell is about $25 per square foot, with a range of between $21 and $40 per square foot. |
Tiago Della Vega | Tiago della Vega |
Pluto's Pal Fergy: This is a mini-biography about "the man behind the mutt": Norman Ferguson, who helped bring the dog to life. | Fergy l'amico di Pluto: Si tratta di una mini-biografia su "l'uomo dietro il cane": Norman Ferguson, che contribuì a portare in vita il cane. |
Rosario Di Vincenzo | روزاريو دي فينتشنزو |
male judoka Olympic judoka of Ireland Judoka at the 1972 Summer Olympics Place | Clarke (19 January 1944 – 2 June 2019) was an Irish judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the |
are ozark trail tents waterproof? | Issues with Ozark Trail Tents According to customer reviews, the most common complaint about these tents is that they are not completely waterproof. They can leak along the seams during a heavy rainstorm. Thus, they are not the best choice for people who camp in extreme weather, such as heavy downpours or blizzards. |
Can I clear my credit history? | You can do it yourself or you can pay someone to do it for you. \n\nHere is a good free kit to do it yourself: http://www.expert-credit-advice.com/free_credit_repair.htm\n\nHere is a good company to do it for you: http://www.expert-credit-advice.com/credit_repair_service.htm\n\nAnd if you are one of the skeptics that has said it cant be done because your credit is messed up and you have given up, read this page: might change your perspective: http://www.expert-credit-advice.com/credit_bureaus_credit_repair.htm |
How does meditation improve mental stamina? | I feel like the other two are too quick to jump on the placebo explanation. A better way to think about meditation that sounds less mystical is that you're training your brain to stop wandering and having too many thoughts at the same time. It's a real and documented effect, and it does wonders for eliminating negative thoughts and helps you focus (less noise) It is easy to see why having a less noisy and distracted mind would alleviate the drain on your mental faculties. |
"Konzertante Operninstallation: Braunfels' "Die Vögel" im Konzerthaus Berlin" (in German). | «Konzertante Operninstallation: Braunfels' "Die Vögel" im Konzerthaus Berlin» (en alemán). |
of age. 2022 Ph.D. Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Faculty of Art and Design, Visual communication course Exhibitions 2013 H’art Gallery (Bucharest, Romania) 2014 Dai-ichi Life South Gallery (Tokyo, Japan) 2016 TEZUKAYAMA Gallery (Osaka, Japan) 2016 Jan Koniarek Gallery (Trnava, Slovakia) 2020 Egon Schiele Art Centrum (Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic) Group Exhibitions 2017 SIGNAL festival 2017 (Prague, Czech Republic) 2017 VOLTA13 (Basel, Switzerland) 2019 INVALIDOVNA (Prague, Czech Republic) Artist-in-residence & Sculpture Symposium 2013 Egon Schiele Art Centrum (Český Krumlov, Czech Republic) 2015 The 12 th International Glass Symposium (Nový Bor, Czech Republic) 2015 AIAV Artist-in-residence program (Yamaguchi, Japan) Grants & Scholarships 2009 The Japan Foundation 2010 Pola Art Foundation 2011 Japanese Government Overseas Study Programme for Artists (3 years) 2016 | Czech Republic) 2015 The 12 th International Glass Symposium (Nový Bor, Czech Republic) 2015 AIAV Artist-in-residence program (Yamaguchi, Japan) Grants & Scholarships 2009 The Japan Foundation 2010 Pola Art Foundation 2011 Japanese Government Overseas Study Programme for Artists (3 years) 2016 Scholarship, Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth And Sports 2017 THE SATOH ARTCRAFT RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION References External links Web Site B GALLERY (Tokyo, Japan) H’art Gallery (Bucharest, Romania) 2014 Dai-ichi Life South Gallery (Tokyo, Japan) 2014 Pola Museum Annex 2014 (Tokyo, Japan) 2014 European Glass Experience Exhibition in Finland (Riihimaki, Finland) Artist in Residence & Sculpture Symposium C.C.N (Graz, Austria) 1980 births Living people Japanese sculptors Tokyo University of the Arts alumni Artists from |
what are the 4 main layers of a rainforest? | Most rainforests are structured in four layers: emergent, canopy, understory, and forest floor. |
The watch of my computer give wrong time. When I correct it and restart the time changes again.? | Your motherborad battery needs to be changed. \n\nComputer saves the Date and Time in capacitors which use power from Li-Ion cell on your motherboard. \n\nReplace it. It's very cheap. |
the Gwendolyn Brooks Writers’ Workshop. She co-founded and edited Black Books Bulletin. She has written many poems and short stories published in journals such as Black World. She was also a practicing chiropractor. She wrote a book titled A Commonsense Approach to Eating (1975) that merged her two | Theater, and the Gwendolyn Brooks Writers’ Workshop. She co-founded and edited Black Books Bulletin. She has written many poems and short stories published in journals such as Black World. She was also a practicing chiropractor. She wrote a book titled A Commonsense Approach to Eating (1975) that merged her two career paths. Selected |
On 13 July 1943, he became a commander of the High Command of the Slovene partisan army with the rank of lieutenant general (generallajtnant), which he held up to his death. | Il 13 luglio 1943, divenne comandante del Comando dell'esercito sloveno con il grado di tenente generale (generallajtnant), che ricoprì fino alla morte. |
how many games kaizer chiefs won? | The Gold-and-Black have won the League Championship twelve times, lifted the National Cup on 13 occasions, with fifteen top 8 titles (The most by any team in SA), have won the League Cup thirteen times and several unofficial cups. |
In December 1943, she published her first novel, Perto do coração selvagem (Near to the Wild Heart). | Nel dicembre del 1943, dopo la laurea, Clarice pubblica il suo primo romanzo, Perto do coração selvagem (Vicino al cuore selvaggio). |
Shay Given was the strong point while Ireland had no attacks and were almost completely on the back foot. | Shay Given fue el punto fuerte en tanto que Irlanda no tuvo ataques y estuvo casi totalmente a la defensiva. |
by Johannes Honigmann) who based much of it on Charlotte Salomon's autobiographical and posthumous work Leben? Oder Theater? The opera was first performed at the Salzburg Festival on July 28, 2014. Composition The nature of Leben? Oder Theater? is of an artist fashioning her own life into an artistic creation. Dalbavie said that the "intrinsically musical and even cinematic qualities of 'Leben? Oder Theater?'" combined with an attraction to real-life drama inspired him to compose an opera based on Charlotte Salomon. Since Salomon was aiming for a form of communication that combined various arts, Dalbalvie felt that her story needed music. He was quoted as saying "She recreated her life through a work of art." Just as Dalbavie's opera Gesualdo (based on the life of Carlo Gesualdo) incorporates portions | own life into an artistic creation. Dalbavie said that the "intrinsically musical and even cinematic qualities of 'Leben? Oder Theater?'" combined with an attraction to real-life drama inspired him to compose an opera based on Charlotte Salomon. Since Salomon was aiming for a form of communication that combined various arts, Dalbalvie felt that her story needed music. He was quoted as saying "She recreated her life through a work of art." Just as Dalbavie's opera Gesualdo (based on the life of Carlo Gesualdo) incorporates portions of his subject's compositions, so too does Dalbavie incorporate existing music into his opera, such as the "Habañera" from Bizet's Carmen and "Wir winden dir den Jungfernkranz" from Weber's Der Freischütz. The opera includes a character representing the author Charlotte Salomon (speaking role), and also her fictive creation, named Charlotte Kann (mezzo-soprano). While the opera |
Eko confesses to him about killing two people on the first night of the crash and expresses his condolences before leaving. | Eko confesse le massacre de deux des siens la première nuit de l'accident et exprime ses condoléances avant de partir. |
Remove Hair from the Arms | Hair removal from the arms can be either temporary or permanent, depending on your preference and your budget. The methods suggested here can be applied to the legs too. |
what are some functions of the family? | ['(1) Stable satisfaction of Sexual needs: ... ', '(2) Procreation and Rearing of Children: ... ', '(3) Provision of Home: ... ', '(4) Socialization: ... ', '(1) Economic functions: ... ', '(2) Educational functions: ... ', '(3) Religious functions: ... ', '(4) Health related functions:'] |
dormant. There appear only a few characters through whose lips the poet accuses the gentry and the government of exploiting the people. However, such characters are not portrayed sympathetically; they are considered degenerates by the villagers in the poem and by its author. The poet contents himself with telling his readers that all men were created equal in the beginning and that only later did some become lords and others serfs. Donelaitis calls the latter būrai (boors), and shows deep sympathy for them. He reprimands their evil exploiters, but he does not raise any protest against the system of serfdom. The social contrast coincided with a national and even a moral division. The villagers, who cultivated the aforementioned virtues, were Lithuanian. The immigrant colonists tended to weaken these virtues with their drunkenness and their backsliding from the Church. The poet condemns the imported vices and urges his brother Lithuanians (Lietuvininkai) not to succumb to the novelties but to preserve their traditions, including their language, customs, and dress. In a word he preaches passive resistance, though with some exceptions. The author recognizes certain desirable traits in the newcomers. For instance, he urges Lithuanian women to learn industriousness and other useful virtues from the German women. In the general picture portrayed by the poem it is evident that with the aging and passing of the exponents of the old patriarchal culture the Lithuanian village with its traditions is sinking in the maelstrom of immigrant culture. Style The Seasons does not have any single, simple plot, with characters described in detail. The narrative of the poem is often interrupted by asides, didactic passages and lyrical reflections. The characters are sketchy; they are simply good or simply bad, with few nuances. Donelaitis is not giving too detailed description of objects or persons. He shows them in the dynamic of life, acting and speaking, even larger than life. The poet, moreover, knows the psychology of peasant and serf. To this end the poet makes ingenious use of synecdoche. He also employs hyperbole, exaggerating tempo of action, distances, and results to the point of demolishing the bounds of reality and creating a new artistic world. Donelaitis has nature operating in terms which only a villager’s associations could attribute to it. The picturesque vocabulary of Donelaitis is akin to folklore. He never waters down a phrase, nor does he euphemize, but is able to recreate in words the substantiality of the world and the speech of the rustics he portrays. His diction is crisp and fresh, and - because of its authenticity - simple and dignified. On the other hand, the language is full of unique metaphors, personifications, analogies, and hyperbolas which make it highly poetical. It is in quantitative dactylic hexameters as often used for Latin and Ancient Greek poetry, but due to the nature of the Lithuanian language it has far fewer dactyls than in Virgil or Homer, and in more than half of the lines the only dactylic foot is the | the first edition of the poem. The book was dedicated to Wilhelm von Humboldt. The poem is considered a masterpiece of early Lithuanian literature. Synopsis The poem consists of 4 parts: "Spring Joys" (Pavasario linksmybės), "Summer Toils" (Vasaros darbai), "Autumn Boons" (Rudenio gėrybės), and "Winter Cares" (Žiemos rūpesčiai). In these 4 idylls, totaling 2997 hexameters, are depicted the natural setting of Lithuania Minor, its people, their work, and their customs. The poem depicts a realistic portrayal of Lietuvininkai (Prussian Lithuanians) peasants' life in the middle 18th century, as it was affected by colonization of East Prussia. Germans and Austrians, Swiss and French, brought in and given special consideration by the government, became the upper class of landlords and officials, while the indigenous population became the lower class of serfs. In The Seasons the village life of the latter is depicted as patriarchal in structure. The natural virtues idealized by the Pietist movement, diligence, piety, honesty, and submission to authority, flourish. Social consciousness of the people is largely dormant. There appear only a few characters through whose lips the poet accuses the gentry and the government of exploiting the people. However, such characters are not portrayed sympathetically; they are considered degenerates by the villagers in the poem and by its author. The poet contents himself with telling his readers that all men were created equal in the beginning and that only later did some become lords and others serfs. Donelaitis calls the latter būrai (boors), and shows deep sympathy for them. He reprimands their evil exploiters, but he does not raise any protest against the system of serfdom. The social contrast coincided with a national and even |
Vanguard (synthesizer) | Vanguard (sintetizador) |
Recall the filename before you try to perform file recovery. | Setite se imena fajla pre nego što pokušate da izvršite povratak obrisanih fajlova. |
Why did the Paris Commune fail? | Followup on the part about the marxist point of view: "The Civil War in France" by Karl Marx is considered the fundamental Marxist text on the Commune, how accurate is it historically? I know much more must have been discovered that Marx could not have had access to, is there a modern work that is recommended? In "The Civil War", Marx states that the commune failed through the lack of bold initiative, that they did not expropriate the national bank which was still paying out money to Thiers' forces and did not go on the offensive when they had the chance, but more or less waited for their doom. He also suggests that the country side supported Thiers, leaving Paris isolated. Is this an accurate analysis that has been confirmed by modern research? |
Would you date a guy who was rumored to be bisexual? | hell yeah bisexual guy are soo sexy maybe u can get lucky and have a 3sum.. (lol) |
He called another early election in 1999, with the Islamic insurgency mostly suppressed. | Ia menyebut pemilu lain di awal 1999, dengan pemberontakan Islam sebagian besar ditekan. |
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was married to his wife Victoria in 1953. | जॉनसन अगुआयी-आयरनसी का विवाह उनकी पत्नी विक्टोरिया से 1953 में हुआ था। |
Ester pyrolysis | تحلل حراري للإستر |
Local residents have become critical of Hyde Park as a concert venue, due to the sound levels, and have campaigned for a maximum sound level of 73 decibels. | Boende intill Hyde park har varit kritiska till att parken har blivit konsertarena, på grund av ljudnivåerna, och bedrivit kampanjer för att ljudnivån ska vara högst 73 decibel. |
On January, 31, in a landmark ruling, the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka directed the Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) to grant provisional registration to the South Asian Institute of Technology and Management (SAITM) Medical graduates. | 31 января Апелляционный суд Шри-Ланки в беспрецедентном постановлении обязал Медицинский совет Шри-Ланки (SLMC) предоставить временную аккредитацию выпускникам Южноазиатского института технологии и медицины (SAITM). |
its non-core brands and the Montreal bottling and production facility to Sazerac. 2013, Corby changes its name to Corby Spirit and Wine Limited 2016, Corby acquires the spirits assets of Domaines Pinnacle Inc., operating as a new Corby subsidiary, Ungava Spirits Co. Ltd. Canadian brands Today, Corby owns or represents many of the 25 top-selling brands in Canada and is expanding its sales to the US, Europe and other international markets, such as Australia. Corby's portfolio includes J.P. Wiser's Whisky, Lamb's rum, Polar Ice vodka and McGuinness liqueurs. Corby also represents leading international brands such as ABSOLUT vodka, Chivas Regal, The Glenlivet distillery and Ballantine's Scotch whiskies, Jameson Irish Whiskey, Beefeater Gin, Malibu rum, Kahlúa liqueur, Mumm Champagne, and Jacob's Creek, Stoneleigh, Graffigna, Campo Viejo, and Wyndham Estate wines. Wiser's whisky Polar Ice Vodka Lamb's Rum McGuinness Liqueur Family Pike Creek Canadian Whisky Lot 40 Canadian Whisky Hiram Walker's Special Old Royal Reserve Cabot Trail Ungava Premium Gin Chic Choc References External links (age-restricted access) Canadian whisky Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange Distilleries in | 1989, the distillery in Corbyville, Ontario closes 1991, Corby buys Upper Canada Brewing Company, resold in 1995 2005, Corby's parent company purchased by Pernod Ricard of France 2006, Corby sells stake in Tia Maria to Pernod Ricard and purchases international rights to Lamb's Rum 2011, sold 17 of its non-core brands and the Montreal bottling and production facility to Sazerac. 2013, Corby changes its name to Corby Spirit and Wine Limited 2016, Corby acquires the spirits assets of Domaines Pinnacle Inc., operating as a new Corby subsidiary, Ungava Spirits Co. Ltd. Canadian brands Today, Corby owns or represents many of the 25 top-selling brands in Canada and is expanding its sales to the US, Europe and other international markets, such as Australia. Corby's portfolio includes J.P. Wiser's Whisky, Lamb's rum, Polar Ice vodka and McGuinness liqueurs. Corby also |
"Major General Al-Shater: About 9000 personnel from Internal Security Forces wounded since start of crisis in Syria". | "اللواء الشاطر: حوالي 9000 فرد من قوات الأمن الداخلي أصيبوا منذ بداية الأزمة في سوريا". |
Nabeshima Naoshige | نابهشیما نائوشیگه |
partnership with the Kenyan Independent Schools Association (KISA), Scholarships for Kids identifies children of high aptitude with resources so limited that they constitute a barrier to education. These students are then provided with scholarships enabling them to overcome these barriers and to attend a KISA-affiliated school. Although the Kenyan government is committed to education for all, and is attempting to provide that education freely, independent schools are the only viable option for many living in those areas under-provided-for by the Kenyan government, for example the informal settlements around Nairobi. Progress In September 2008, Scholarships for Kids worked with 20 Kenyan schools and provided 1000 | independent schools are the only viable option for many living in those areas under-provided-for by the Kenyan government, for example the informal settlements around Nairobi. Progress In September 2008, Scholarships for Kids worked with 20 Kenyan schools and provided 1000 children in extremely challenging situations with scholarships. Scholarships for Kids have stated that they aim to expand their operations to other parts of the world. To where and when remained under consideration as of early March 2009. References External links Scholarships for Kids' website Prof. Tooley of |
other Cubs broadcaster. Pat has called seven no-hitters in his career, comprising those tossed by Juan Nieves, Scott Erickson, Carlos Zambrano, Cole Hamels, Alec Mills and two by Jake Arrieta. In April 2018, Hughes broadcast his 6,000th Big League Baseball game. This total includes Cactus League pre-season games, regular season, and post-season contests. After the end of the 2017 season, Hughes estimated that he had only missed five games for health reasons, despite undergoing three throat surgeries in the preceding years. After Ron Santo's death in 2010, former Cub Keith Moreland was Pat's partner on Cubs Radio for 3 seasons. In December 2013, another former Cub—and Chicago native—Ron Coomer joined Hughes. The two called games on WGN Radio in 2014, switching to WBBM in 2015, and to WSCR-"The Score"-in 2016. 2021 is the 8th season for the Hughes/Coomer Cubs Radio partnership. In addition to Major League Baseball and Marquette Basketball, Hughes has also covered games for the Minnesota North Stars of the NHL, Minor League baseball teams the Columbus Clippers and the San Jose Missions, both football and basketball games of the University of Wisconsin, and basketball games of Northwestern University. Pat Hughes graduated from Branham High School in San Jose, California in 1973, and from San Jose State University in 1978 with a degree in Radio/TV Journalism. Awards and Honors In 2016, Pat Hughes was a finalist for the Ford C. Frick Award, in conjunction with the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY. The National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association has awarded Hughes nine Illinois Sportscaster of the Year awards (1996, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019), in addition to three Wisconsin Sportscaster of the Year awards (1990–92). In 2017, The National Sports Media Association awarded Hughes with the Illinois Sportscaster of the Year. In 2017, Hughes was inducted into the Irish/American Baseball Hall of Fame in New York City. In 2016, Hughes received the Ring Lardner Award for Excellence in Sports Journalism, Broadcast category In 2014, Hughes was inducted into the WGN Radio Walk of Fame, | be known as the "Pat and Ron Show". Besides Santo, Hughes has worked regularly as an on-air partner with Harry Caray, Bob Uecker, and Al McGuire. One of Hughes' best known calls came at the end of the 2016 World Series, when the Cubs ended a 108-year World Series drought, the longest in baseball history: "A little bouncer slowly toward Bryant. He will glove it and throw to Rizzo. It's in time! And the Chicago Cubs win the World Series! The Cubs come pouring out of the dugout, jumping up and down like a bunch of delirious 10-year-olds. The Cubs have done it! The longest drought in the history of American sports is over, and the celebration begins!" He is also known for his call of Mark McGwire's 62nd home run in 1998, which broke the single-season home run record, which is the most often-played call of that moment: On most other instances, his home run call is "That ball's got a chaaaance...GONE!" On longer home runs, Hughes' call often includes the phrase "Get out the tape measure". Hughes has announced 57 Cubs postseason games, more than any other Cubs broadcaster. Pat has called seven no-hitters in his career, comprising those tossed by Juan Nieves, Scott Erickson, Carlos Zambrano, Cole Hamels, Alec Mills and two by Jake Arrieta. In April 2018, Hughes broadcast his 6,000th Big League Baseball game. This total includes Cactus League pre-season games, regular season, and post-season contests. After the end of the 2017 season, Hughes estimated that he had only missed five games for health |
at the annual UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. It has been held since the 1999 championships. Medalists Medal table by | cross-country team relay is an event at the annual UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. |
Revolution Terran Confederation (Wing Commander), the primary human government in the Wing Commander science fiction series Terrans, the human faction from the game Galaxy on Fire Terrans, the human faction from the Solar System in the X series, named so to distinguish them from the descendants of their lost X-Universe colonies, the Argon Terran, the humanoid race in the wargaming series Warhammer 40,000 Terran, the birthplace of humanity in Forsaken Terran Khanate, a playable race in Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars Collector's Edition Terran Alliance, the human faction from the Galactic Civilizations game series People Terran | Commander), the primary human government in the Wing Commander science fiction series Terrans, the human faction from the game Galaxy on Fire Terrans, the human faction from the Solar System in the X series, named so to distinguish them from the descendants of their lost X-Universe colonies, the Argon Terran, the humanoid race in the wargaming series Warhammer 40,000 Terran, the birthplace of humanity in Forsaken Terran Khanate, a playable race in Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars Collector's Edition Terran Alliance, the human faction from the Galactic Civilizations game series People Terran Campbell (born 1998), Canadian soccer player Jennifer Terran, American singer-songwriter and pianist Terran Sandwith (born 1972), retired Canadian ice hockey player Tony Terran (1926–2017), Los Angeles session musician and trumpet player Other Terran (grape), alternative name used in Eastern Europe for the Mondeuse Noire wine grape See also Terra (disambiguation) Terrain |
professional squash player who represents France. She reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 56 in March 2017. | Billancourt) is a professional squash player who represents France. She reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 56 in March 2017. |
The prime minister of Kosovo, Agim Çeku, announced that Kosovo would follow Montenegro in the quest for independence, saying "This is the last act of the historic liquidation of Yugoslavia /.../ this year Kosovo will follow in Montenegro's footsteps." | Il primo ministro del Kosovo, Agim Çeku, ha annunciato dopo la vittoria degli indipendentisti in Montenegro che il suo paese sarà il prossimo a chiedere l'indipendenza, dicendo "Questo è l'ultimo atto della liquidazione storica della Jugoslavia /.../ quest'anno il Kosovo seguirà i passi del Montenegro." |
what is the difference between regular internet and 5g? | In simple terms, 2.4GHz has a lower potential top speed but penetrates better, so it has a longer range than 5GHz, which, on the other hand, can deliver faster speeds but doesn't penetrate things like walls as easily. |
Damul Kalabi Keita's son was Lahilatoul Keita and the first faama of the city of Niani. | El hijo de Damul Kalabi Keïta fue Lahilatoul Keïta y el primer faama de la ciudad de Niani. |
After a year of budget cuts and layoffs, Northwood ended the year with a 3.4-percent increase in revenue compared to last December. | Northwood ends year with an increase in revenue |
what is a 30 day eviction notice? | The 30-day notice to quit is used primarily to end a month-to-month lease tenancy if the tenant has been renting the premises for less than a year. The 30-day notice formally declares the landlord's intention to have the tenant vacate the property within 30 days. |
Bieber receives a phone call from Usher, in which he asks him if could he watch the house until he gets back. | Bieber recebe um telefonema de Usher, que pergunta se ele poderia ficar na casa até ele voltar. |
Other activities of the company include used-car sales. | अन्य खाद्यपदार्थ विकणारे गाडीवालेही आहेत. |
to: Hatton Castle, Aberdeenshire | Castle may refer to: |
in April 1956. There were two versions of Orange Herald, large and small. They had similar cores, but the large version contained more explosive. The designs were frozen in July. Green Bamboo was also nominally frozen, but tinkering with the design continued. On 3 September, Corner suggested that Green Granite could be made smaller by moving the Tom and Dick closer together. This design became known as Short Granite. By January 1957, with the tests just months away, a tentative schedule had emerged. Short Granite would be fired first. Green Bamboo would follow if Short Granite was unsuccessful, but be omitted as unnecessary otherwise. Orange Herald (small) would be fired next. Because Short Granite was too large to fit into a missile or guided bomb, this would occur whether or not Short Granite was a success. Finally, Green Granite would be tested. In December 1956, Cook had proposed another design, known as Green Granite II. This was smaller than Green Granite I, and could fit into a Yellow Sun casing that could be used by the Blue Steel guided missile then under development; but it could not be made ready to reach Christmas Island before 26 June 1957, and extending Operation Grapple would have cost another £1.5 million. First series The first test of the series was Grapple 1, of Short Granite. This bomb was dropped from a height of by a Vickers Valiant bomber of No. 49 Squadron RAF piloted by Wing Commander Kenneth Hubbard, off the shore of Malden Island at 11:38 local time on 15 May 1957. It was Britain's second airdrop of a nuclear bomb after the Operation Buffalo test at Maralinga on 11 October 1956, and the first of a thermonuclear weapon. The United States had not attempted an airdrop of a hydrogen bomb until the Operation Redwing Cherokee test on 21 May 1956. Their bomb had landed from the target; Hubbard missed by just . The Short Granite's yield was estimated at , far below its designed capability. Penney cancelled the Green Granite test and substituted a new weapon codenamed Purple Granite. This was identical to Short Granite, but with some minor modification to it; additional uranium-235 was added, and the outer layer was replaced with aluminium. Despite its failure, the test was described as a successful thermonuclear explosion, and the government did not confirm or deny reports that the UK had become a third thermonuclear power. When documents on the series were declassified in the 1990s, the tests were denounced as a hoax, but the reports were unlikely to have fooled the American observers. The next test was Grapple 2, of Orange Herald (small). This bomb was dropped at 10:44 local time on 31 May by another 49 Squadron Valiant, piloted by Squadron Leader Dave Roberts. It exploded with a force of . The yield was the largest ever achieved by a single stage device, and made it technically a megaton weapon, but it was close to Corner's estimate for an unboosted yield, and Hulme doubted that the lithium-6 deuteride had contributed at all. This was chalked up to Taylor instability, which limited the compression of the light elements in the core. The bomb was hailed as a hydrogen bomb, and the truth that it was actually a large fission bomb was kept secret by the British government until the end of the Cold War. An Operational Requirement (OR1142) had been issued in 1955 for a thermonuclear warhead for a medium-range ballistic missile, which became Blue Streak. This was revised in November 1955, with "megaton" replacing "thermonuclear". Orange Herald (small) could then meet the requirement. A version was created as an interim megaton weapon in order to provide the RAF with one at the earliest possible date. Codenamed Green Grass, the unsuccessful fusion boosting was omitted, and it used Green Bamboo's 72-lens implosion system instead of Orange Herald's 32. This allowed the amount of highly enriched uranium to be reduced from to . Its yield was estimated at . It was placed in a Blue Danube casing, and this bomb became known as Violet Club. About ten were delivered before Yellow Sun became available. The third and final shot of the series was Grapple 3, the test of Purple Granite. This was dropped by a Valiant piloted by Squadron Leader Arthur Steele on 19 June. The yield was a very disappointing , even less than Short Granite. The changes had not worked. "We haven't got it right", Cook told a flabbergasted Oulton. "We shall have to do it all again, providing we can do so before the ban comes into force; so that means as soon as possible." Second series A re-think was required. Cook had the unenviable task of explaining the failure to the government. Henceforth, he would take a tighter grip on the hydrogen bomb programme, gradually superseding Penney. The scientists and politicians considered abandoning Green Granite. The Minister of Defence, Duncan Sandys, queried Cook on the imperative to persist with thermonuclear designs, given that Orange Herald satisfied most military requirements, and the tests were very expensive. Cook replied that megaton-range fission bombs represented an uneconomical use of expensive fissile material, that they could not be built to produce yields of more than a megaton, and that they could not be made small enough to be carried by aircraft smaller than the V-bombers, or on missiles. Sandys was not convinced, but he authorised further tests, as did the Prime Minister, now Harold Macmillan following Eden's resignation in the wake of the Suez crisis. The earliest possible date was November 1957 unless the Operation Antler tests were cancelled, but the Foreign Office warned that a moratorium on nuclear testing might come into effect in late October. The scientists at Aldermaston had created a design incorporating staging, radiation implosion, and compression, but they had not mastered the design of thermonuclear weapons. Knowing that much of the yield of American and Soviet bombs came from fission in the uranium-238 tamper, they had focused on what they called the "lithium-uranium cycle", whereby neutrons from the fission of uranium would trigger fusion, which would produce more neutrons to induce fission in the tamper. However, this is not the most important reaction. Corner and his theoretical physicists at Aldermaston argued that Green Granite could be made to work by increasing compression and reducing Taylor instability. The first step would be achieved with an improved Tom. The Red Beard Tom was given an improved high explosive supercharge, a composite (uranium-235 and plutonium) core, and a beryllium tamper, thereby increasing its yield to . The Dick was greatly simplified; instead of the 14 layers in Short Granite, it would have just three. This was called Round A; a five-layer version was also discussed, which was called Round B. A third round, Round C, was produced, for diagnostics. It had the same three layers as Round A, but an inert layer instead of lithium deuteride. Calculations for Round B were performed on the new IBM 704, while the old Ferranti Mark 1 was used for the simpler Round A. The next trial was known as Grapple X. To save time and money, and as Narvik and the light aircraft carrier were unavailable, the bomb would be dropped off the southern tip of Christmas Island rather than off Malden Island, just from the airfield where 3,000 men would be based. This required a major construction effort to improve the facilities on Christmas Island, and those that had been constructed on Malden Island had to now be duplicated on Christmas Island. Works included 26 blast-proof shelters, a control room, and tented accommodation. Components of Rounds A and C were delivered to Christmas Island on 24, 27 and 29 October. Round B would not be available; to get the calculations for Round A completed, the IBM 704 had to be turned over to them, and there was no possibility of completing the Round B calculations on the Ferranti. On inspection, a fault was found in the Round A Tom, and the fissile core was replaced with the one from Round C. Round A was dropped by a Valiant bomber piloted by Squadron Leader Barney Millett at 08:47 on 8 November 1957. This time the yield of exceeded expectations; the predicted yield had only been . But it was still below the safety limit. This was the real hydrogen bomb Britain wanted, but it used a relatively large quantity of expensive highly enriched uranium. Due to the higher-than-expected yield of the explosion, there was some damage to buildings, the fuel storage tanks, and helicopters on the island. The physicists at Aldermaston had plenty of ideas about how to follow up Grapple X. Possibilities were discussed in September 1957. One was to tinker with the width of the shells in the Dick to find an optimal configuration. If they were too thick, they would slow the neutrons generated by the fusion reaction; if they were too thin, they would give rise to Taylor instability. Another was to do away with the shells entirely and use a mixture of uranium-235, uranium-238 and deuterium. Ken Allen had an idea, which Sam Curran supported, of a three-layer Dick that used lithium deuteride that was less enriched in lithium-6 (and therefore had more lithium-7), but more of it, reducing the amount of uranium-235 in the centre of the core. This proposal was the one adopted in October, and it became known as "Dickens" because it used Ken's Dick. The device would otherwise be similar to Round A, but with a larger radiation case. The safety limit was again set to . Keith Roberts calculated that the yield could reach , and suggested that this could be reduced by modifying the tamper, but Cook opposed this, fearing that it might cause the test to fail. Because of the possibility of a moratorium on testing, plans for the test, codenamed Grapple Y, were restricted to the Prime Minister, who gave verbal approval, and a handful of officials. Air Vice Marshal John Grandy succeeded Oulton as Task Force commander. The bomb was dropped off Christmas at 10:05 local time on 28 April 1958 by a Valiant piloted by Squadron Leader Bob Bates. It had an explosive yield of about , and remains the largest British nuclear weapon ever tested. The design of Grapple Y was successful because much of its yield came from its thermonuclear reaction instead of fission of a heavy uranium-238 tamper, making it a true hydrogen bomb, and because its yield had been closely predicted—indicating that its designers understood what they were doing. On 22 August 1958, Eisenhower announced a moratorium on nuclear testing, effective 31 October 1958. This did not mean an immediate end to testing; on the contrary, the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom all rushed to perform as much testing as possible before the deadline, which the Soviets did not meet, conducting tests on 1 and 3 November. A new British test series, known as Grapple Z, commenced on 22 August. It explored new technologies such as the use of external neutron initiators, which had first been tried out with Orange Herald. Core boosting using tritium gas and external boosting with layers of lithium deuteride were successfully tested in the Pendant and Burgee tests, allowing a smaller, lighter Tom for two-stage devices. The international moratorium commenced on 31 October 1958, and Britain ceased atmospheric testing for good. Renewed American partnership British timing was good. The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite, on 4 October 1957, came as a tremendous shock to the American public, who had trusted that American technological superiority ensured their invulnerability. Now, suddenly, there was incontrovertible proof that, in some areas at least, the Soviet Union was actually ahead. In the widespread calls for action in response to the Sputnik crisis, officials in the United States and Britain seized an opportunity to mend the relationship with Britain that had been damaged by the Suez Crisis. At the suggestion of Harold Caccia, the British Ambassador to the United States, Macmillan wrote to Eisenhower on 10 October urging that the two countries pool their resources to meet the challenge. To do this, the McMahon Act's restrictions on nuclear cooperation needed to be relaxed. British information security, or the lack thereof, no longer seemed so important now that the Soviet Union was apparently ahead, and the United Kingdom had independently developed the hydrogen bomb. The trenchant opposition from the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy that had derailed previous attempts was absent. Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 passed Congress on 30 June 1958, and were signed into law by Eisenhower on 2 July 1958. The 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement was signed on 3 July, and was approved by Congress on 30 July. Macmillan called this "the Great Prize". The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) invited the British government to send representatives to a series of meetings in Washington, DC, on 27 and 28 August 1958 to work out the details. The U.S. delegation included Willard Libby, AEC deputy chairman; Major General Herbert Loper, the Assistant to the Secretary of Defence for Atomic Energy Affairs; Brigadier General Alfred Starbird, AEC Director of Military Applications; Norris Bradbury, director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory; Edward Teller, director of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; and James W. McCrae, president of the Sandia Corporation. The British representatives were Brundrett and J.H.B. Macklen from the Ministry of Defence, and Penney, Cook and E. F. Newly from Aldermaston. The Americans disclosed the details of nine of their nuclear weapon designs: the Mark 7, Mark 15/39, Mark 19, Mark 25, Mark 27, Mark 28, Mark 31, Mark 33 and Mark 34. In return, the British provided the details of seven of theirs, including Green Grass; Pennant, the boosted device which had been detonated in the Grapple Z test on 22 August; Flagpole, the two-stage device scheduled for 2 September; Burgee, scheduled for 23 September; and the three-stage Haillard 3. The Americans were impressed with the British designs, particularly with Haillard 1, the heavier version of Haillard 3. Cook therefore changed the Grapple Z programme to fire Haillard 1 instead of Haillard 3. Macmillan wrote to Plowden: The Anglo-American Special Relationship proved mutually beneficial, although it was never one of equals; the United | the British government resumed its own development effort, which was codenamed "High Explosive Research". The successful nuclear test of a British atomic bomb in Operation Hurricane in October 1952 represented an extraordinary scientific and technological achievement. Britain became the world's third nuclear power, reaffirming the country's status as a great power, but hopes that the United States would be sufficiently impressed to restore the nuclear Special Relationship were soon dashed. In November 1952, the United States conducted the first successful test of a true thermonuclear device or hydrogen bomb. Britain was therefore still several years behind in nuclear weapons technology. The Defence Policy Committee, chaired by Churchill and consisting of the senior Cabinet members, considered the political and strategic implications in June 1954, and concluded that "we must maintain and strengthen our position as a world power so that Her Majesty's Government can exercise a powerful influence in the counsels of the world." In July 1954, Cabinet agreed to proceed with the development of thermonuclear weapons. The scientists at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority's Atomic Weapons Establishment at Aldermaston in Berkshire included William Penney, William Cook, Ken Allen, Samuel Curran, Henry Hulme, Bryan Taylor and John Ward. They did not know how to build a hydrogen bomb, but produced three designs: Orange Herald, a large boosted fission weapon; Green Bamboo, an interim thermonuclear design; and Green Granite, a true thermonuclear design. The first series of Operation Grapple tests involved Britain's first airdrop of a thermonuclear bomb. Although hailed as a success at the time, the first test of the Green Granite design was a failure. The second test validated Orange Herald as a usable design of a megaton weapon, but it was not a thermonuclear bomb, and the core boosting did not work. A third test attempted to correct the Green Granite design, but was another failure. In the Grapple X test in November 1957, they successfully tested a thermonuclear design. The Grapple Y test the following April obtained most of its yield from nuclear fusion, and the Grapple Z test series later that year demonstrated a mastery of thermonuclear weapons technology. An international moratorium on nuclear tests commenced on 31 October 1958, and Britain ceased atmospheric testing for good. The successful development of the hydrogen bomb, along with the Sputnik crisis, resulted in the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, in which the nuclear Special Relationship was restored. Background Tube Alloys The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in February 1932, and in April 1932, his Cavendish colleagues John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium atoms with accelerated protons. In December 1938, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann at Hahn's laboratory in Berlin-Dahlem bombarded uranium with slow neutrons, and discovered that barium had been produced, and therefore that the uranium nucleus had been split. Hahn wrote to his colleague Lise Meitner, who, with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, developed a theoretical explanation of the process. By analogy with the division of biological cells, they named the process "fission". The discovery of fission raised the possibility that an extremely powerful atomic bomb could be created. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, both German refugee scientists working in Britain, calculated the critical mass of a metallic sphere of pure uranium-235, and found that instead of tons, as everyone had assumed, as little as would suffice, and would explode with the power of thousands of tons of dynamite. The MAUD Committee was established to investigate further. It reported that an atomic bomb was technically feasible, and recommended pursuing its development as a matter of urgency. A new directorate known as Tube Alloys was created to coordinate this effort. Sir John Anderson, the Lord President of the Council, became the minister responsible, and Wallace Akers from Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was appointed the director of Tube Alloys. Manhattan Project In July 1940, Britain offered the United States access to its scientific research, and Cockcroft briefed American scientists on British nuclear weapons developments. He discovered that the American S-1 Project (later renamed the Manhattan Project) was smaller than the British, and not as far advanced. The two projects exchanged information, but did not initially combine their efforts, ostensibly over concerns about American security. Ironically, it was the British project that had already been penetrated by atomic spies for the Soviet Union. The United Kingdom did not have the manpower or resources of the United States, and despite its early and promising start, Tube Alloys fell behind its American counterpart. The British considered producing an atomic bomb without American help, but it would require overwhelming priority, disruption to other wartime projects was inevitable, and it was unlikely to be ready in time to affect the outcome of the war in Europe. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and the President of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt, signed the Quebec Agreement, which merged the two national projects. The Quebec Agreement established the Combined Policy Committee and the Combined Development Trust to coordinate their efforts. The 19 September 1944 Hyde Park Agreement extended both commercial and military cooperation into the post-war period. A British mission led by Akers assisted in the development of gaseous diffusion technology at the SAM Laboratories in New York. Another, headed by Mark Oliphant, assisted with the electromagnetic separation process at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. Cockcroft became the director of the joint British-Canadian Montreal Laboratory. A British mission to the Los Alamos Laboratory was led by Chadwick, and later Peierls, which included several of Britain's most eminent scientists. As overall head of the British Mission, Chadwick forged a close and successful partnership, and ensured that British participation was complete and wholehearted. End of American cooperation With the end of the war the Special Relationship between Britain and the United States became, in the words of Margaret Gowing, "very much less special". The British government had trusted that America would share nuclear technology, which it considered a joint discovery. On 8 August 1945 the Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, sent a message to President Harry Truman in which he referred to both of them as "heads of the Governments which have control of this great force". On 9 November 1945, Attlee and the Prime Minister of Canada, Mackenzie King, went to Washington, D.C., to confer with Truman about future cooperation in nuclear weapons and nuclear power. A Memorandum of Intention they signed replaced the Quebec Agreement. The three leaders agreed that there would be full and effective cooperation on atomic energy, but British hopes were soon disappointed. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (McMahon Act), which was signed into law by Truman on 1 August 1946, ended technical cooperation. Its control of "restricted data" prevented the United States' allies from receiving any information. This partly resulted from the arrest for espionage of British physicist Alan Nunn May, who had worked in the Montreal Laboratory, in February 1946, while the legislation was being debated. It was but the first of a series of spy scandals. The arrest of Klaus Fuchs in January 1950, and the June 1951 defection of Donald Maclean, who had served as a British member of the Combined Policy Committee from January 1947 to August 1948, left Americans with a distrust of British security arrangements. The remaining British scientists working in the United States were denied access to papers that they had written just days before. Resumption of independent UK efforts Attlee set up a cabinet sub-committee, the Gen 75 Committee (known informally by Attlee as the "Atomic Bomb Committee"), on 10 August 1945 to examine the feasibility of an independent British nuclear weapons programme. The Chiefs of Staff Committee considered the issue of nuclear weapons in July 1946, and recommended that Britain acquire them. A nuclear reactor and plutonium-processing facility was approved by the Gen 75 committee on 18 December 1945 "with the highest urgency and importance". The decision to proceed was formally made on 8 January 1947 at a meeting of Gen 163, another cabinet subcommittee, and was publicly announced in the House of Commons on 12 May 1948. D notice No. 25 forbid the publication of details on the design, construction or location of atomic weapons. The project was given the cover name "High Explosive Research". Production facilities were constructed under the direction of Christopher Hinton, who established his headquarters in a former Royal Ordnance Factory at Risley in Lancashire. These included a uranium metal plant at Springfields, nuclear reactors and a plutonium processing plant at Windscale, and a gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facility at Capenhurst, near Chester. Uranium ore was stockpiled at Springfields. As the American nuclear programme expanded, its requirements became greater than the production of the existing mines. To gain access to the stockpile, they reopened negotiations, which resulted in the 1948 Modus Vivendi, which allowed for consultation on the use of nuclear weapons, and limited sharing of technical information. As Chief Superintendent Armament Research (CSAR, pronounced "Caesar"), Penney directed bomb design from Fort Halstead. In 1951 his design group moved to a new site at Aldermaston in Berkshire. The first British atomic bomb was successfully tested in Operation Hurricane on 3 October 1952. Britain thereby became the third country to test nuclear weapons. The first Blue Danube atomic bombs were delivered to Bomber Command in November 1953, although the V bombers to deliver them to their targets were not available until 1955. In the meantime, nuclear deterrence was provided by the United States Strategic Air Command, which had begun operating from British bases in 1949. Decision The successful test of an atomic bomb represented an extraordinary scientific and technological achievement. Britain became the world's third nuclear power, reaffirming its status as a great power, but hopes that the United States would be sufficiently impressed to restore the Special Relationship were soon dashed. On 1 November 1952, the United States conducted Ivy Mike, the first successful test of a true thermonuclear device (also known as a hydrogen bomb). Due to its physical size and use of cryogenic liquid deuterium, it was not suitable for use as a deliverable weapon, but the Castle Bravo test on 1 March 1954 used a much smaller device with solid lithium deuteride. Boosted by the nuclear fusion reaction in lithium-7, the yield of was more than twice what had been expected, and indeed was the largest detonation the Americans would ever carry out. This resulted in widespread radioactive fallout that affected 236 Marshall Islanders, 28 Americans, and the 23 crewmen of a Japanese fishing boat, the Daigo Fukuryū Maru (Lucky Dragon No. 5). Meanwhile, the Soviet Union tested Joe 4, a boosted fission weapon with a yield of on 12 August 1953. This was followed by Joe 19, a true two-stage thermonuclear weapon on 20 November 1954. Although the British Hurricane device was more advanced than the American Fat Man bombs of 1946, Britain was still several years behind in nuclear weapons technology, and while British and Soviet advances had taken much of the heat out of American opposition to renewed cooperation with the British, the United States Congress saw little benefit in it for the United States. The McMahon Act was amended by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 on 30 August, which allowed for greater exchange of information with foreign nations, but it fell far short of what the British government wanted. Churchill, who had replaced Attlee as prime minister, turned to Lord Cherwell for advice on the prospect of producing a British hydrogen bomb. Cherwell reported that "We think we know how to make an H-bomb", but Penney did not agree with this sanguine assessment. A New Weapons Committee was established at Aldermaston on 15 October 1951 to examine improvements to their atomic bombs. John Corner, the head of the theoretical group at Aldermaston, suggested producing a device in the "megaton range"—one with a yield of or more. In this he was thinking not of a thermonuclear weapon, but of a large fission one. The idea was not pursued at that time, because the RAF wanted more, not bigger, atomic bombs. Meeting in Bermuda in December 1953 with Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had replaced Truman as president earlier that year, Churchill told him that the RAF had reckoned that fission bombs would be sufficient for most targets, and therefore that Britain had no intention of developing hydrogen bombs. On 12 and 19 March 1954, Penney briefed the Gen 475 Committee meetings, attended by the Chiefs of Staff, senior officials from the Ministry of Defence and Foreign Office, and Sir Edwin Plowden, about recent developments in thermonuclear weapons. Sir Frederick Brundrett, the chairman of the Chiefs of Staff's Working Party on the Operational Use of Atomic Weapons (OAW), then asked Penney on 25 May for a working paper for an OAW meeting on 31 May. In turn, OAW sent a report to the Chiefs of Staff, who recommended that the United Kingdom develop its own thermonuclear weapons. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor, the First Sea Lord, recalled that: There was another political consideration. The Lucky Dragon incident had touched off a storm of protest, and there were calls from trade unions and the Labour Party for a moratorium on nuclear testing, resulting in an acrimonious debate in the House of Commons on 5 April 1954 in which Churchill blamed Attlee for the McMahon Act. The new Eisenhower administration in the United States looked favourably on the idea of a moratorium, and the Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, was sounded out about it by the U.S. Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. The United States had now finished its Operation Castle series of tests, and such a moratorium would restrict further nuclear weapons development by the Soviet Union; but it would also lock the United Kingdom into a permanent state of inferiority. The Defence Policy Committee, chaired by the Prime Minister and consisting of the senior Cabinet members, considered the political and strategic implications on 1 June, and concluded that "we must maintain and strengthen our position as a world power so that Her Majesty's Government can exercise a powerful influence in the counsels of the world." Churchill informed Cabinet of the decision on 7 July 1954, and they were not happy about not being consulted, particularly the Lord Privy Seal, Harry Crookshank. Cabinet debated the matter that day and the next, before postponing a final decision. On 27 July 1954, the Lord President of the Council, the Marquess of Salisbury, raised the matter, although it was not on the agenda, stressing the need for a decision. This time Cabinet agreed to proceed with the development of thermonuclear weapons. Organisation Churchill's return to the prime ministership meant Lord Cherwell's return to the post of Paymaster General. He was a strong supporter of the atomic energy programme, but while he agreed with its size and scope, he was critical of its organisation, which he blamed for slower progress than its Soviet counterpart. In particular, the programme had experienced problems with Civil Service pay and conditions, which were below those for comparable workers in industry. The Treasury had agreed to flexibility in exceptional cases, but the procedure was absurdly slow. Hinton in particular was concerned at the low remuneration his senior staff were receiving compared to those with similar responsibilities at ICI. When he attempted to bring Frank Kearton in as his successor, the Treasury refused to adjust the salaries of his other two deputies to match. Rather than ruin his organisation's morale, Hinton had dropped the proposal to appoint Kearton. Nor could any reorganisation be carried out without Treasury approval. Within a month of assuming office, Cherwell had prepared a memorandum proposing that responsibility for the program be transferred from the Ministry of Supply to an Atomic Energy Commission. Cherwell managed to persuade Churchill to propose to Cabinet that a small committee be established to examine the matter. Cabinet agreed at a meeting in November 1952, and the committee was created, chaired by Crookshank. Cabinet accepted its recommendations in April 1953, and another committee was established under Anderson (now Lord Waverley) to make recommendations on the implementation of the new organisation and its structure. The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 created the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) on 19 July 1954. Plowden became its first chairman. His fellow board members were Hinton, who was in charge of the Industrial Group at Risley; Cockcroft, who headed the Research Group at Harwell; and Penney, who led the Weapons Group at Aldermaston. The UKAEA initially reported to Salisbury in his capacity as Lord President of the Council; later in the decade the UKAEA would report directly to the Prime Minister. Over 20,000 staff transferred to the UKAEA; by the end of the decade, their numbers had grown to nearly 41,000. Like Hinton, Penney had difficulty recruiting and retaining the highly skilled staff he needed. In particular, he wanted a deputy with a strong scientific background. An approach to Vivian Bowden failed. After Penney repeatedly asked for William Cook, Salisbury managed to persuade McGrigor to release Cook from the Admiralty to be Penney's deputy. Cook commenced work at Aldermaston on 1 September 1954. Henry Hulme joined in 1954. He was too |
Confidence in evolution, climate change, the age of the Earth, and the Big Bang all decline sharply as faith in a supreme being rises .
'Most often, values and beliefs trump science' when they conflict, according to representative of scientific society . | By . Associated Press . A majority of Americans do not believe that the Big Bang created the universe 13.8 billion years ago, according to a new study, with Americans also expressing a large amount of skepticism in global warming, the age of the Earth and evolution. Rather than quizzing scientific knowledge, the survey asked people to rate their confidence in several statements about science and medicine. On some, there's broad acceptance. Just 4 percent doubt that smoking causes cancer, 6 percent question whether mental illness is a medical condition that affects the brain and 8 percent are skeptical there's a genetic code inside our cells. More — 15 percent — have doubts about the safety and efficacy of childhood vaccines. Few Americans question that smoking causes cancer. But they express bigger doubts as concepts that scientists consider to be truths get further from our own experiences and the present time . About 4 in 10 say they are not too . confident or outright disbelieve that the earth is warming, mostly a . result of man-made heat-trapping gases, that the Earth is 4.5 billion . years old or that life on Earth evolved through a process of natural . selection, though most were at least somewhat confident in each of those . concepts. But a narrow majority — 51 percent — questions the Big Bang . theory. Those results . depress and upset some of America's top scientists, including several . Nobel Prize winners, who vouched for the science in the statements . tested, calling them settled scientific facts. 'Science ignorance is pervasive in our society, and these attitudes are reinforced when some of our leaders are openly antagonistic to established facts,' said 2013 Nobel Prize in medicine winner Randy Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley. The poll highlights 'the iron triangle of science, religion and politics,' said Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication. And scientists know they've got the shakiest leg in the triangle. To the public 'most often values and beliefs trump science' when they conflict, said Alan Leshner, chief executive of the world's largest scientific society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Political values were closely tied to views on science in the poll, with Democrats more apt than Republicans to express confidence in evolution, the Big Bang, the age of the Earth and climate change. Confidence in evolution, the Big Bang, the age of the Earth and climate change decline sharply as faith in a supreme being rises, according to the poll. Likewise, those who regularly attend religious services or are evangelical Christians express much greater doubts about scientific concepts they may see as contradictory to their faith. 'When you are putting up facts against faith, facts can't argue against faith,' said 2012 Nobel Prize winning biochemistry professor Robert Lefkowitz of Duke University. 'It makes sense now that science would have made no headway because faith is untestable.' But evolution, the age of the Earth and the Big Bang are all compatible with God, except to Bible literalists, said Francisco Ayala, a former priest and professor of biology, philosophy and logic at the University of California, Irvine. And Darrel Falk, a biology professor at Point Loma Nazarene University and an evangelical Christian, agreed, adding: 'The story of the cosmos and the Big Bang of creation is not inconsistent with the message of Genesis 1, and there is much profound biblical scholarship to demonstrate this.' In addition to disbelief in the Big Bang, a high amount of Americans also doubt that earth is over 4.5 billion years old . Beyond religious belief, views on science may be tied to what we see with our own eyes. The closer an issue is to our bodies and the less complicated, the easier it is for people to believe, said John Staudenmaier, a Jesuit priest and historian of technology at the University of Detroit Mercy. Marsha Brooks, a 59-year-old nanny who lives in Washington, D.C., said she's certain smoking causes cancer because she saw her mother, aunts and uncles, all smokers, die of cancer. But when it comes to the universe beginning with a Big Bang or the Earth being about 4.5 billion years old, she has doubts. She explained: 'It could be a lack of knowledge. It seems so far' away. Jorge Delarosa, a 39-year-old architect from Bridgewater, N.J., pointed to a warm 2012 without a winter and said, 'I feel the change. There must be a reason.' But when it came to Earth's beginnings 4.5 billion years ago, he has doubts simply because 'I wasn't there.' Experience and faith aren't the only things affecting people's views on science. Duke University's Lefkowitz sees 'the force of concerted campaigns to discredit scientific fact' as a more striking factor, citing significant interest groups — political, business and religious — campaigning against scientific truths on vaccines, climate change and evolution. Yale's Leiserowitz agreed but noted sometimes science wins out even against well-financed and loud opposition, as with smoking. Widespread belief that smoking causes cancer 'has come about because of very public, very focused public health campaigns,' AAAS's Leshner said. A former acting director of the National Institute of Mental Health, Leshner said he was encouraged by the public's acceptance that mental illness is a brain disease, something few believed 25 years ago, before just such a campaign. That gives Leiserowitz hope for a greater public acceptance of climate change. But he fears it may be too late to do anything about it. The AP-GfK Poll was conducted March 20-24, 2014, using KnowledgePanel, GfK's probability-based online panel designed to be representative of the U.S. population. It involved online interviews with 1,012 adults and has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.4 percentage points for all respondents. Respondents were first selected randomly using phone or mail survey methods and were later interviewed online. People selected for KnowledgePanel who didn't otherwise have access to the Internet were provided with the ability to access the Internet at no cost to them. |
Verb forms and usage of lie | Show I use "lay," "laid," or "lain" in the following passage? |
had a scoop of ice cream for a head. The character was never officially named, referred to by historians simply as the Kream Krunch Cone, although it has been called Mr. Scoop Head in popular culture. The cereal was discontinued the | Krunch was a breakfast cereal from Kellogg's that was created in 1965 (although some sources say 1964). The cereal consisted of freeze-dried strawberry, vanilla or orange ice cream pieces, as well as O-shaped oat pieces. The cereal's spokesperson was a character that had a scoop of ice |
As an immediate result of this setback, France founded the powerful Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. | Ca un rezultat imediat al acestui eșec, Franța a fondat puternica Fortăreață din Louisbourg pe Insula Capul Breton. |
He has written for The New York Times, The New Yorker, Artforum, Travel and Leisure, and other publications on a range of subjects, including depression, Soviet artists, the cultural rebirth of Afghanistan, Libyan politics, and deaf politics. | Ele colaborou com The New York Times, The New Yorker, Artforum, Travel and Leisure, e outras publicações sobre uma variedade de assuntos, incluindo depressão, artistas soviéticos , o renascimento cultural do Afeganistão, política líbia , e política da surdez. |
Zalesie, Sochaczew County | Zalesie (powiat sochaczewski) |
In the Bengali writing system, there are nearly 285 such ligatures denoting consonant clusters. | Dans l’écriture bengali, il y a environ 285 ligatures de ce type notant des consonnes combinées. |
how to protect marine parks in Hong Kong? | they dont have parks persay in hong kong.more like petting zoos where they pet the fish and buy it and take it home for supper.stop eating fish |
About 20,000 students are enrolled in the main UPR campus in Río Piedras. | Cerca de 20,000 estudiantes están inscritos en el campus principal de la UPR en Río Piedras. |
Faustino Rupérez | فاستینو راپرس |
as a sports producer. In October 1984, Cook was hired by WBZ-TV. She worked there as a sports reporter until 2010, when she decided not to accept an offer to continue as a free lancer. Cook has reported for ESPN. She hosted the figure skating coverage for Turner Sports during the 1998 Winter Olympics. She has won the Action for Children's Television award, two Service to Children awards from the NAB, several Parents' Choice Awards for the program "Rap Around", and the Gracie Award (named for Gracie Allen), given for excellence in portraying women in a positive light, for a segment on Mari-Rae Sopper, a former gymnast killed in the 9/11 incident. In 2011, Cook became president and founder of "She's Game Sports." She's Game Sports is a new media company dedicated to women | William Fauver. She is the 1976 U.S. silver medalist. They represented the United States at the 1976 Winter Olympics, where they placed 12th. One month later Cook and her partner placed 9th in the World Championships in Sweden. Career Following her skating career, Cook became a television sports reporter. She began her career at Boston, Massachusetts' WSBK-TV as a sports producer. In October 1984, Cook was hired by WBZ-TV. She worked there as a sports reporter until 2010, when she decided not to accept an offer to continue as a free lancer. Cook has reported for ESPN. She hosted the figure skating coverage for Turner Sports during the 1998 Winter Olympics. She has won the Action for Children's Television award, two Service to Children awards from the NAB, |
academic. He founded the journal Review of Contemporary Fiction in 1980, and the independent press Dalkey Archive Press in 1984. In the course of his career, O’Brien published almost 1,000 books from 50 countries. Life O'Brien taught at Illinois Benedictine College, Illinois State University, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and then University of Houston-Victoria. O’Brien was awarded the Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Book Critics Circle in 2011, and in 2015 O'Brien was made Chevalier of the | Illinois Benedictine College, Illinois State University, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and then University of Houston-Victoria. O’Brien was awarded the Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Book Critics Circle in 2011, and in 2015 O'Brien was made Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He was the father of Kathleen O’Brien, Emmett O’Brien, William O’Brien, and Kevin O’Brien. He died on November 21, 2020 |
approval of the Bremen Senate he could study ethnology, folklore and history at the University of Hamburg, without neglecting his museum duties. Professor Franz Termer supervised him in pre-Columbian America and presented him a dissertation topic in this direction. In 1958 he received his doctorate in Hamburg with the thesis "The Codex Borgia; studies the iconography of a Mexican picture manuscript in the Vatican Library in Rome." After graduation, he remained at the Bremen Ethnological Museum. On 1 June 1962 he became the full-time director of the ethnological museum in Freiburg. He qualified in 1969 with a publication "The Pyramids of Totimehuacan/Puebla (Mexico) and their integration into the development of the Preclassic pyramid building in Mesoamerica" and received the Habilitation Ethnology. He held the position of director until 1984. World War II awards Iron Cross (1939) | a dissertation topic in this direction. In 1958 he received his doctorate in Hamburg with the thesis "The Codex Borgia; studies the iconography of a Mexican picture manuscript in the Vatican Library in Rome." After graduation, he remained at the Bremen Ethnological Museum. On 1 June 1962 he became the full-time director of the ethnological museum in Freiburg. He qualified in 1969 with a publication "The Pyramids of Totimehuacan/Puebla (Mexico) and their integration into the development of the Preclassic pyramid building in Mesoamerica" and received the Habilitation Ethnology. He held the position of director until 1984. World War II awards Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (23 June 1940) 1st Class (2 July 1941) General Assault Badge (6 February 1941) 4 Tank Destruction Badges for Individual Combatants (27 August 1942) German Cross in Gold on 6 May 1943 as Leutnant in the 2./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 185 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight's Cross on 3 October |
This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. | Este error crítico ayudó a los Padres a ganar el juego 6-3 con 4 carreras anotadas en el séptimo inning dejando a Chicago fuera de la Serie Mundial de 1984, que sería contra Detroit Tigers. |
Ronaldo Vásquez | Васкес, Роналдо |
On 7 November 1917, the Bolsheviks acted on this policy by leading the October Revolution against the Provisional Government. | Em 25 de outubro de 1917, os bolcheviques adotaram esta política, liderando a Revolução de Outubro contra o Governo Provisório. |
on his 1994 self-titled studio album of the same name. It was written by Omar Alfanno and released as the second single from the album. Lyrically, the song takes on a "humanistic tale". Its music video was filmed in Miami Beach and was nominated for Video | a song performed by Nicaraguan salsa singer Luis Enrique on his 1994 self-titled studio album of the same name. It was written by Omar Alfanno and released as the second single from the album. Lyrically, the song takes on a "humanistic tale". Its music video was filmed in Miami Beach |
Once the discovery was made, a search of older Cassini images revealed it in observations from as far back as June 2004. | Após a descoberta, uma busca de imagens antigas da Cassini revelou várias outras detecções adicionais, desde junho de 2004. |
Rhodocyclus | ロドシクルス属 |
Villabate | ویللاباتی |
Meghan Miller, who represented Texas, was the first to win the competition. | Meghan Miller, rappresentante del Texas, è stata la prima vincitrice del concorso. |
PerkinElmer is part of the S&P 500 Index and operates in 150 countries. | PerkinElmer forma parte del Índice S&P 500 y opera en 150 países. |
of Constantinople. He was elected to the patriarchal throne in 1147, replacing Cosmas II, who was accused of Bogomilism. His election however caused considerable controversy: its canonical validity was called in question, since he had voluntarily resigned from his previous see. Eventually, Nicholas was forced to resign as patriarch, and died in 1152. He wrote a number of theological works, amongst them a treatise | – 1152) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from December 1147 to March/April 1151. Nicholas was born in c. 1070, and probably began his career teaching the gospels. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) appointed him as archbishop of Cyprus, but Nicholas abdicated the see in c. 1110. He spent the next 37 years in the Monastery of Saints Cosmas and Damian in the Kosmidion suburb of Constantinople. He was elected |
Note, settlements such as cities do not necessary constitute the basic level of the Ukrainian administrative territorial system. | Σημειώστε ότι οι οικισμοί όπως οι πόλεις δεν είναι απαραίτητο να αποτελέσουν το βασικό επίπεδο του ουκρανικού διοικητικού εδαφικού συστήματος. |
Shen Li-chien (born 12 January 1952) is a Taiwanese biathlete. He competed in the 20 km | is a Taiwanese biathlete. He competed in the 20 km individual event at the 1976 Winter Olympics. References 1952 births Living |
India census, Ghoghardiha had a population of 157,224 (80,796 males and 76,428 females. Air Transport Darbhanga Airport is the nearest airport around 73 km away in India and Rajbiraj Airport is the nearest airport roughly 59 km away in Nepal and can be accessed by Kunauli border. One can easily take erickshaw from border to Airport. Shree Airlines | of Bihar, India. The old name of this village was Gau-ghaddi (cow home). Later became Ghoghardiha. Demographics At the 2011 India census, Ghoghardiha had a population of 157,224 (80,796 males and 76,428 females. Air Transport Darbhanga Airport is the nearest airport around 73 km away in India and Rajbiraj Airport is the nearest airport roughly 59 km away |
weak ribs and strong tubercles. Subgenus Euturrilites has strong ribs, commonly depressed in middle, especially on early whorls, and no tubercles. Subgenus Mesoturrilites has almost no ribs and clavate tubercles that tend to form spiral ridges. References Arkell et al., Mesozoic Ammonoidea (L222); Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L, Ammonoidea. Geological Soc. of America and Univ Kansas Press. The Paleobiology Database Turrilites entry Ammonitida genera Prehistoric cephalopod genera Cretaceous ammonites Cenomanian genus first appearances Turonian genus extinctions Ammonites of Africa Ammonites of Asia Ammonites of Australia Cretaceous ammonites of Europe Cretaceous ammonites of North America Ammonites | 1801 Turrilites (Turrilites) scheuchzerianus Bosc, 1801 Turrilites (Euturrilites) Breistroffer, 1953 Turrilites (Mesoturrilites) Subgenus Turrilites has weak ribs and strong tubercles. Subgenus Euturrilites has strong ribs, commonly depressed in middle, especially on early whorls, and no tubercles. Subgenus Mesoturrilites has almost no ribs and clavate tubercles that tend to form spiral ridges. References Arkell et al., Mesozoic Ammonoidea (L222); Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L, Ammonoidea. Geological Soc. of America and Univ Kansas Press. The Paleobiology Database Turrilites entry Ammonitida genera Prehistoric cephalopod genera Cretaceous ammonites Cenomanian genus first appearances Turonian genus extinctions Ammonites of Africa Ammonites of Asia Ammonites of Australia |
The division into a three-part series and intermediate titles between the series have also been preserved. | Деление мультфильма на три серии и промежуточные титры между сериями также были сохранены. |
Frederik Ndoci | فدریک اندوچی |
well as supplements. Beliana is prepared by the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Its name, Beliana, is derived from Matej Bel, 18th century Slovak writer and | is prepared by the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Its name, Beliana, is derived from Matej Bel, 18th century Slovak writer and historian. As of 2014, seven volumes were |
Megara, Hercules' first wife | مگارا اولین همسر هراکلس |
Treasurer and former U.S. Representative Minor Joel Deckard (Re), former U.S. Representative from Indiana Willie Logan (I), State Representative Andy Martin (I), perennial candidate Darrell McCormick (I) Joe Simonetta (NL) Nikki Oldaker (WI) Campaign This election was in conjunction to the presidential election, where Bush narrowly defeated Gore after an intense recount. The Senate election was evenly matched, with two U.S. Congressmen named Bill in their mid-50s. Both parties heavily targeted this senate seat. The election became very nasty as Nelson called his opponent "an extremist who would sacrifice the elderly, the poor, and the working class to coddle the rich." McCollum called the Democrat "a liberal who would tax everything that moves, and some things that don't." The election advertisements were very negative, as both candidates talked more about each other than themselves. Nelson raised only soft money, | former U.S. Representative from Indiana Willie Logan (I), State Representative Andy Martin (I), perennial candidate Darrell McCormick (I) Joe Simonetta (NL) Nikki Oldaker (WI) Campaign This election was in conjunction to the presidential election, where Bush narrowly defeated Gore after an intense recount. The Senate election was evenly matched, with two U.S. Congressmen named Bill in their mid-50s. Both parties heavily targeted this senate seat. The election became very nasty as Nelson called his opponent "an extremist who would |
Does India deserve a permament seat in UNSC? | Certainly...which other country has a rich culture n experience behind it? |
A switch is distinct from a hub in that it only forwards the frames to the physical ports involved in the communication rather than all ports connected. | Uma opção é distinta de um hub na medida em que apenas encaminha os quadros para as portas físicas envolvidas na comunicação em vez de todas as portas conectadas. |
How many points are scored with a field goal in American football? | NFL Beginner's Guide to Football NFL Network Beginner's Guide to Football One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the field-by running with the ball or throwing it - and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area called the end zone. The other team (also with 11 players) is called the defense. It tries to stop the offensive team and make it give up possession of the ball. If the team with the ball does score or is forced to give up possession, the offensive and defensive teams switch roles (the offensive team goes on defense and the defensive team goes on offense). And so on, back and forth, until all four quarters of the game have been played. In order to make it easier to coordinate the information in this digest, the topics discussed generally follow the order of the rule book. THE FIELD The field measures 100 yards long and 53 yards wide. Little white markings on the field called yard markers help the players, officials, and the fans keep track of the ball. Probably the most important part of the field is the end zone. It's an additional 10 yards on each end of the field. This is where the points add up! When the offense - the team with possession of the ball-gets the ball into the opponent's end zone, they score points. TIMING Games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime. There are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play. At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime. The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter. Each offensive team has 40 seconds from the end of a given play until they must snap of the ball for the start of the next play, otherwise they will be penalized. The clock stops at the end of incomplete passing plays, when a player goes out of bounds, or when a penalty is called. The clock starts again when the ball is re-spotted by an official. If a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss. THE PLAYERS Each team has 3 separate units: the offense (see section below), those players who are on the field when the team has possession of the ball; the defense (see section below), players who line up to stop the other team's offense; and special teams that only come in on kicking situations (punts, field goals, and kickoffs). Only 11 players are on the field from one team at any one time. To see how the players line up click here THE KICKOFF A game starts with the kickoff. The ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense's 30-yard line, and a special kicker (a "placekicker") kicks the ball to the offense A kick return man from the offense will try to catch the ball and advance it by running. Where he is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its drive, or series of offensive plays. When a kickoff is caught in the offense's own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone, or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback - a sign to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 20-yard line, where the offense begins play. FIRST DOWN All progress in a football game is measured in yards. The offensive team tries to get as much "yardage" as it can to try and move closer to the opponent's end zone. Each time the offense gets the ball, it has four downs, or chances, in which to gain 10 yards. If the offensive team successfully moves the ball 10 or more yards, it earns a |
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