python3 manage.py migrate exceptions
Question: I am new to django 1.7 and python3. I am using OSX. As I was following the
django 1.7 documentation online,

I tried

    
    
    python3 manage.py migrate
    

and it resulted

    
    
    Operations to perform:
    Apply all migrations: auth, contenttypes, sessions, admin
    Running migrations:
    No migrations to apply.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 44, in get_for_model
    ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 34, in _get_from_cache
    return self.__class__._cache[self.db][key]
    KeyError: 'default'
    
    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 128, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
    r = self._query(query)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
    _mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s AND `django_content_type`.`model` = %s) LIMIT 21' at line 1")
    
    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 50, in get_for_model
    defaults={'name': smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw)},
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 92, in manager_method
        return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 422, in get_or_create
        return self.get(**lookup), False
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 351, in get
    num = len(clone)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 122, in __len__
    self._fetch_all()
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 966, in _fetch_all
    self._result_cache = list(self.iterator())
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 265, in iterator
    for row in compiler.results_iter():
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 700, in results_iter
    for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI):
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 786, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 81, in execute
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 549, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 128, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
    r = self._query(query)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
      File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
        db.query(q)
    django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s AND `django_content_type`.`model` = %s) LIMIT 21' at line 1")
    
    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
        execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 377, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 338, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 164, in handle
    emit_post_migrate_signal(created_models, self.verbosity, self.interactive, connection.alias)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 268, in emit_post_migrate_signal
    using=db)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py", line 198, in send
    response = receiver(signal=self, sender=sender, **named)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py", line 83, in create_permissions
    ctype = ContentType.objects.db_manager(using).get_for_model(klass)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 58, in get_for_model
    " is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually."
    RuntimeError: Error creating new content types. Please make sure contenttypes is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually.`
    

I don't know what it means and I am sure it is not right. Is the migration
successful? Please help. Thanks

Here is my
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-
packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py

    
    
    from __future__ import unicode_literals
    
    from django.apps import apps
    from django.db import models
    from django.db.utils import OperationalError, ProgrammingError
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    from django.utils.encoding import smart_text, force_text
    from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
    
    
    class ContentTypeManager(models.Manager):
    
        # Cache to avoid re-looking up ContentType objects all over the place.
        # This cache is shared by all the get_for_* methods.
        _cache = {}
    
        def get_by_natural_key(self, app_label, model):
            try:
                ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][(app_label, model)]
            except KeyError:
                ct = self.get(app_label=app_label, model=model)
                self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
            return ct
    
        def _get_opts(self, model, for_concrete_model):
            if for_concrete_model:
                model = model._meta.concrete_model
            elif model._deferred:
                model = model._meta.proxy_for_model
            return model._meta
    
        def _get_from_cache(self, opts):
            key = (opts.app_label, opts.model_name)
            return self.__class__._cache[self.db][key]
    
        def get_for_model(self, model, for_concrete_model=True):
            """
            Returns the ContentType object for a given model, creating the
            ContentType if necessary. Lookups are cached so that subsequent lookups
            for the same model don't hit the database.
            """
            opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_model)
            try:
                ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
            except KeyError:
                try:
                    ct, created = self.get_or_create(
                        app_label=opts.app_label,
                        model=opts.model_name,
                        defaults={'name': smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw)},
                    )
                except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
                    # It's possible to migrate a single app before contenttypes,
                    # as it's not a required initial dependency (it's contrib!)
                    # Have a nice error for this.
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        "Error creating new content types. Please make sure contenttypes" +
                        " is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually."
                    )
                self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
    
            return ct
    
        def get_for_models(self, *models, **kwargs):
            """
            Given *models, returns a dictionary mapping {model: content_type}.
            """
            for_concrete_models = kwargs.pop('for_concrete_models', True)
            # Final results
            results = {}
            # models that aren't already in the cache
            needed_app_labels = set()
            needed_models = set()
            needed_opts = set()
            for model in models:
                opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_models)
                try:
                    ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
                except KeyError:
                    needed_app_labels.add(opts.app_label)
                    needed_models.add(opts.model_name)
                    needed_opts.add(opts)
                else:
                    results[model] = ct
            if needed_opts:
                cts = self.filter(
                    app_label__in=needed_app_labels,
                    model__in=needed_models
                )
                for ct in cts:
                    model = ct.model_class()
                    if model._meta in needed_opts:
                        results[model] = ct
                        needed_opts.remove(model._meta)
                    self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
            for opts in needed_opts:
                # These weren't in the cache, or the DB, create them.
                ct = self.create(
                    app_label=opts.app_label,
                    model=opts.model_name,
                    name=smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw),
                )
                self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
                results[ct.model_class()] = ct
            return results
    
        def get_for_id(self, id):
            """
            Lookup a ContentType by ID. Uses the same shared cache as get_for_model
            (though ContentTypes are obviously not created on-the-fly by get_by_id).
            """
            try:
                ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][id]
            except KeyError:
                # This could raise a DoesNotExist; that's correct behavior and will
                # make sure that only correct ctypes get stored in the cache dict.
                ct = self.get(pk=id)
                self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
            return ct
    
        def clear_cache(self):
            """
            Clear out the content-type cache. This needs to happen during database
            flushes to prevent caching of "stale" content type IDs (see
            django.contrib.contenttypes.management.update_contenttypes for where
            this gets called).
            """
            self.__class__._cache.clear()
    
        def _add_to_cache(self, using, ct):
            """Insert a ContentType into the cache."""
            # Note it's possible for ContentType objects to be stale; model_class() will return None.
            # Hence, there is no reliance on model._meta.app_label here, just using the model fields instead.
            key = (ct.app_label, ct.model)
            self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[key] = ct
            self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[ct.id] = ct
    
    
    @python_2_unicode_compatible
    class ContentType(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
        app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
        model = models.CharField(_('python model class name'), max_length=100)
        objects = ContentTypeManager()
    
        class Meta:
            verbose_name = _('content type')
            verbose_name_plural = _('content types')
            db_table = 'django_content_type'
            ordering = ('name',)
            unique_together = (('app_label', 'model'),)
    
        def __str__(self):
            # self.name is deprecated in favor of using model's verbose_name, which
            # can be translated. Formal deprecation is delayed until we have DB
            # migration to be able to remove the field from the database along with
            # the attribute.
            #
            # We return self.name only when users have changed its value from the
            # initial verbose_name_raw and might rely on it.
            model = self.model_class()
            if not model or self.name != model._meta.verbose_name_raw:
                return self.name
            else:
                return force_text(model._meta.verbose_name)
    
        def model_class(self):
            "Returns the Python model class for this type of content."
            try:
                return apps.get_model(self.app_label, self.model)
            except LookupError:
                return None
    
        def get_object_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
            """
            Returns an object of this type for the keyword arguments given.
            Basically, this is a proxy around this object_type's get_object() model
            method. The ObjectNotExist exception, if thrown, will not be caught,
            so code that calls this method should catch it.
            """
            return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).get(**kwargs)
    
        def get_all_objects_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
            """
            Returns all objects of this type for the keyword arguments given.
            """
            return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).filter(**kwargs)
    
        def natural_key(self):
            return (self.app_label, self.model)
    


Answer: I believe it is the dependency with mysql. After I switched to postgresql,
everything is solved. I found the connector of python with mysql is only up to
python 3.3 and I am using python3.4. That is probably the reason and I could
not find a connector for mysql and python 3.4.

