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2,600 | The Car Engineer of the Century was an international award given to the most influential car engineer of the twentieth century. The election process was overseen by the Global Automotive Elections Foundation.
The winner, Ferdinand Porsche, was announced at an awards gala on December 18, 1999 in Las Vegas | Car Engineer of the Century |
2,601 | Alicia Boler Davis is an American engineer and businesswoman. Boler Davis began her career at General Motors, rising to the rank of executive vice president of global manufacturing in 2016. In 2019, she joined Amazon as senior vice president of global customer fulfillment | Alicia Boler Davis |
2,602 | Thomas William Conoulty (1899 or 1901 – 1961) is an Australian automotive engineer, automobile manufacturer and automobile racer, who was active in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s and who is lauded for his improved, high performance, sports designs of the, also, legendary, Austin 7. His technically remarkable high performance versions of the Austin 7 included the astounding ‘’’Musso’’’ or, as the Australian racing public preferred to refer to it, the Conoulty Special Austin Comet. Bill won numerous New South Wales, Australia Light Car Club Meets with this automobile, including a 1934 fastest time in Mountain Trials | Bill Conoulty |
2,603 | Stuart Hilborn (9 October 1917 – 16 December 2013), was born in Calgary, Canada. Hilborn was an automotive engineer. He became interested in amateur racing on dry lake beds before World War II | Stuart Hilborn |
2,604 | Erik Gustaf Larson (8 July 1887 – 4 July 1968) was a Swedish automotive engineer and the co-founder of Volvo. He held a Master of Science (M. Sc | Gustaf Larson |
2,605 | Fredrik Ljungström (16 June 1875 – 18 February 1964) was a Swedish engineer, technical designer, and industrialist.
Considered one of the foremost inventors of Sweden, Fredrik Ljungström accounted for hundreds of technical patents alone and in collaboration with his brother Birger Ljungström (1872–1948): from early bicycling free wheeling hubs techniques and mechanical automatic transmissions for vehicles, to steam turbines, air preheaters, and circular arc hulls for sailing boats. He co-founded companies such as The New Cycle Company, Ljungström Steam Turbine Co | Fredrik Ljungström |
2,606 | Stuart Loudon (born 11 April 1988 in Uddingston) is a British rally co-driver and engineer. He was a co-driver to Gus Greensmith at the 2021 Rally Italia Sardegna for M-Sport Ford.
Personal life
Loudon was born in Uddingston | Stuart Loudon |
2,607 | Tadeusz "Tadek" Marek (1908–1982) was a Polish automobile engineer, known for his Aston Martin engines. Marek was from Kraków and studied engineering at Technische Universität Berlin before working for Fiat in Poland and also for General Motors. Despite a serious racing accident in 1928, he raced the 1937 Monte Carlo Rally in a Fiat 1100 followed by a Lancia Aprilia in 1938 and an Opel Olympia in 1939 | Tadek Marek |
2,608 | Juan Daniel Mastretta Guzmán (born 1953, Puebla) is a Mexican engineer and designer. In 1987 he founded Mastretta Design, a design and automotive company. Mastretta was chiefly responsible for the development of the first Mexican sports car, the Mastretta MXT, in 2008 | Daniel Mastretta |
2,609 | Sandy Munro is an automotive engineer who specializes in machine tools and manufacturing.
He started as a toolmaker at the Valiant Machine & Tool company – a General Motors supplier in Windsor. In 1978, he joined the Ford Motor Company where he improved methods of engine assembly | Sandy Munro |
2,610 | Veikko Muronen (21 October 1927 – 13 January 2006) was a Finnish MSc (diplomi-insinööri) and heavy vehicle designer. He worked as a manager of the Engineering Department of Vanajan Autotehdas (VAT) and later Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT). Muronen is best known as the inventor of Vanaja lifting tandem system and designer of the last Vanaja series, "Muros-Vanaja" | Veikko Muronen |
2,611 | Hans Bastiaan Pacejka (12 September 1934 – 17 September 2017) was an expert in vehicle system dynamics and particularly in tire dynamics, fields in which his works are now standard references. He was Professor emeritus at Delft University of Technology in Delft, Netherlands.
Magic Formula tire models
Pacejka developed a series of tire design models during his career | Hans B. Pacejka |
2,612 | Gary Prohm (born 3 October 1956) is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer and coach who represented New Zealand, including in matches that counted towards the 1988 World Cup.
Playing career
Prohm played in the Auckland Rugby League competition for Otahuhu and played for Auckland. In 1978 he made his début for the New Zealand national rugby league team | Gary Prohm |
2,613 | The Sintz Gas Engine Company was formed in about 1885 by Clark Sintz and others in Springfield, Ohio. It was a pioneering marine engine manufacturing business that expanded into other fields. After its sale in 1902 to the Michigan Yacht and Power Company, Sintz ceased to exist in 1903 as an entity | Sintz Gas Engine Company |
2,614 | Jan Gustav Salomon Smith, born 19 June 1895 in Stockholm, Sweden, died 30 April 1966 in Stockholm. In the literature he is known as Jan G. Smith | Jan G. Smith |
2,615 | Eduard Anatolyevich Streltsov (Russian: Эдуа́рд Анато́льевич Стрельцо́в, IPA: [ɨdʊˈart ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲitɕ strʲɪlʲˈtsof] (listen); 21 July 1937 – 22 July 1990) was a Soviet footballer who played as a forward for Torpedo Moscow and the Soviet national team during the 1950s and 1960s. A powerful and skilful attacking player, he scored the fourth-highest number of goals for the Soviet Union and has been called "the greatest outfield player Russia has ever produced". He is sometimes dubbed "the Russian Pelé" | Eduard Streltsov |
2,616 | Dino Vittorio Marcellinus Toso (11 February 1969 – 13 August 2008) was an Italian-Dutch engineer who worked as the Renault Formula One team's Director of Aerodynamics from 2003 until June 2008.
Career
Toso studied automotive design and electronics at Apeldoorn Technical College, followed by a degree in automotive engineering. He then obtained his master's degree in aerodynamics and flight at Cranfield University in the UK | Dino Toso |
2,617 | John Wickström (until c. 1889 Johannes Wickström; 13 December 1870—7 June 1959) was a Finnish-Swede engineer and entrepreneur.
Wickström was born in Kvevlax, Ostrobothnia | John Wickström |
2,618 | Alexander Winton (June 20, 1860 – June 21, 1932) was a Scottish-American bicycle, automobile, and diesel engine designer and inventor, as well as a businessman and racecar driver. Winton founded the Winton Motor Carriage Company in 1897 in Cleveland, Ohio, making the city an important hub of early automotive manufacturing. His pioneering achievements in the automotive industry included taking one of the first long-distance journeys in America by car and developing one of the first commercial diesel engines | Alexander Winton |
2,619 | A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car, driverless car, or robotic car (robo-car), is a car that is capable of traveling without human input. Self-driving cars use sensors to perceive their surroundings, such as optical and thermographic cameras, radar, lidar, ultrasound/sonar, GPS, odometry and inertial measurement units. Control systems interpret sensory information to create a three-dimensional model of the vehicle's surroundings | Self-driving car |
2,620 | In legal terminology, the assured clear distance ahead (ACDA) is the distance ahead of any terrestrial locomotive device such as a land vehicle, typically an automobile, or watercraft, within which they should be able to bring the device to a halt. It is one of the most fundamental principles governing ordinary care and the duty of care for all methods of conveyance, and is frequently used to determine if a driver is in proper control and is a nearly universally implicit consideration in vehicular accident liability. The rule is a precautionary trivial burden required to avert the great probable gravity of precious life loss and momentous damage | Assured clear distance ahead |
2,621 | Automatic parking is an autonomous car-maneuvering system that moves a vehicle from a traffic lane into a parking spot to perform parallel, perpendicular, or angle parking. The automatic parking system aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car. The parking maneuver is achieved by means of coordinated control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual situation in the environment to ensure collision-free motion within the available space | Automatic parking |
2,622 | Autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) is a service consisting of a fleet of autonomous vehicles used for one-way passenger mobility. An AMoD fleet operates in a specific and limited environment, such as a city or a rural area.
Origin
Mobility on demand (MoD)
The idea of developing a form of passengers transportation based on shared vehicles rather than private cars comes from the research in the field of sustainable mobility, which aims at creating an efficient and environmentally-friendly way for people to move | Autonomous mobility on demand |
2,623 | Autonomous racing, self-driving racing or autonomous motorsports is an evolving sport of racing ground-based wheeled vehicles, controlled by computer. A number of events and series have launched, including the international Formula E spin-off series Roborace. and Self Racing Cars as well as student competitions such as Formula Student Driverless | Autonomous racing |
2,624 | An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
Modern vehicles have many ECUs, and these can include some or all of the following: engine control module (ECM), powertrain control module (PCM), transmission control module (TCM), brake control module (BCM or EBCM), central control module (CCM), central timing module (CTM), general electronic module (GEM), body control module (BCM), and suspension control module (SCM). These ECUs together are sometimes referred to collectively as the car's computer though technically they are all separate computers, not a single one | Electronic control unit |
2,625 | Experiments have been conducted on self-driving cars since 1939; promising trials took place in the 1950s and work has proceeded since then. The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's Eureka Prometheus Project in 1987. Since then, numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working autonomous vehicles including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc | History of self-driving cars |
2,626 | The impact of self-driving cars is anticipated to be wide-ranging on many areas of daily life. Self-driving cars have been the subject of significant research on their environmental, practical, and lifestyle consequences.
One significant predicted impact of self-driving cars is a substantial reduction in traffic collisions and resulting severe injuries or deaths | Impact of self-driving cars |
2,627 | In road-transport terminology, lane centering, also known as auto steer or autosteer, is an advanced driver-assistance system that keeps a road vehicle centered in the lane, relieving the driver of the task of steering. Lane centering is similar to lane departure warning and lane keeping assist, but rather than warn the driver, or bouncing the car away from the lane edge, it keeps the car centered in the lane. Together with adaptive cruise control (ACC), this feature may allow unassisted driving for some length of time | Lane centering |
2,628 | Pedestrian crash avoidance mitigation (PCAM) systems (USDOT Volpe Center), also known as pedestrian protection or detection systems, use computer and artificial intelligence technology to recognize pedestrians and bicycles in an automobile's path to take action for safety. PCAM systems are often part of a pre-collision system available in several high end car manufacturers, such as Volvo and Mercedes and Lexus, and used less widely in lower end cars such as Ford and Nissan. As of 2018 using 2016 data, more than 6,000 pedestrians and 800 cyclists are killed every year in the US in car crashes | Pedestrian crash avoidance mitigation |
2,629 | In transportation, platooning or flocking is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase the capacity of roads via an automated highway system. Platoons decrease the distances between cars or trucks using electronic, and possibly mechanical, coupling | Platoon (automobile) |
2,630 | Regulation of self-driving cars is an increasingly relevant topic in the automotive industry strongly related to the success of the actual technology. Multiple countries have passed legislation and agreed on standards for the introduction of autonomous cars.
Liability
Self-driving car liability is a developing area of law and policy that will determine who is liable when an automated car causes physical damage to persons, or breaks road rules | Regulation of self-driving cars |
2,631 | A robotaxi, also known as robo-taxi, self-driving taxi or driverless taxi, is an autonomous car (SAE automation level 4 or 5) operated for a ridesharing company.
Some studies have hypothesized that robotaxis operated in an autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) service could be one of the most rapidly adopted applications of autonomous cars at scale and a major mobility solution in the near future, especially in urban areas, providing the majority of vehicle miles in the United States within a decade of their first introduction. Moreover, they could have a very positive impact on road safety, traffic congestion and parking | Robotaxi |
2,632 | Increases in the use of autonomous car technologies (e. g. , advanced driver-assistance systems) are causing incremental shifts in the responsibility of driving, with the primary motivation of reducing the frequency of traffic collisions | Self-driving car liability |
2,633 | A self-driving truck, also known as an autonomous truck or robo-truck, is an application of self-driving technology aiming to create trucks that can operate without human input. Alongside light, medium, and heavy-duty trucks, many companies are developing self-driving technology in semi trucks to automate highway driving in the delivery process. In September 2022, Guidehouse Insights listed Waymo, Aurora, TuSimple, Gatik, PlusAI, Kodiak Robotics, Daimler Truck, Einride, Locomation, and Embark as the top 10 vendors in automated trucking | Self-driving truck |
2,634 | The tunnel problem is a philosophical thought experiment first introduced by Jason Millar. It is a variation on the classic trolley problem designed to focus on the ethics of autonomous vehicles, as well as the question of who gets to decide how they react in life-and-death scenarios.
Original formulation
The tunnel problem is intended to draw one's attention to a specific issue in design/engineering ethics, and was first presented as follows:
Tunnel Problem: You are travelling along a single lane mountain road in an autonomous car that is fast approaching a narrow tunnel | Tunnel problem |
2,635 | Vehicle infrastructure integration (VII) is an initiative fostering research and application development for a series of technologies directly linking road vehicles to their physical surroundings, first and foremost in order to improve road safety. The technology draws on several disciplines, including transport engineering, electrical engineering, automotive engineering, and computer science. VII specifically covers road transport, although similar technologies are in place or under development for other modes of transport | Vehicle infrastructure integration |
2,636 | The American Center for Mobility (ACM) is a 500-acre (200 ha) vehicular automation research center and federally designated automated vehicle proving ground located in Ypsilanti Township, Michigan.
History
Founded in December 2017 on the site of the Willow Run manufacturing complex, the American Center for Mobility began as a joint initiative of the State of Michigan, partnering with Ann Arbor SPARK, Business Leaders for Michigan, the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, the University of Michigan, and Ypsilanti Township as a way of accelerating autonomous vehicle research regionally and nationally.
Portions of the US Highway 12 alignment and ramps to the former manufacturing complex were repurposed for creation of a test track | American Center for Mobility |
2,637 | The Apolong (Chinese: 阿波龙), sometimes referred to as the Baidu Apollo project, is a driverless vehicle developed by Baidu, Kinglong and a consortium of more than 40 companies. The Level 4 microcirculation Apolong bus commenced mass production in 2017. It is manufactured by a consortium consisting of Baidu, Kinglong and SB Drive (a subsidiary of Softbank) | Apolong |
2,638 | Automation in construction is the combination of methods, processes, and systems that allow for greater machine autonomy in construction activities. Construction automation may have multiple goals, including but not limited to, reducing jobsite injuries, decreasing activity completion times, and assisting with quality control and quality assurance. Some systems may be fielded as a direct response to increasing skilled labor shortages in some countries | Automation in construction |
2,639 | Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART) is a lidar (light detection and ranging) guided articulated bus system for urban passenger transport. Developed by CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co Ltd, it was unveiled in Zhuzhou in the Hunan province on June 2, 2017. ART has been described as a combination between a bus and a tram - often called a "trackless tram" | Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit |
2,640 | Cardboard Crash is a 2015 National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mobile app and virtual reality work developed by Vincent McCurley, exploring the ethical issues of autonomous cars. Produced for the NFB in Vancouver by Loc Dao, Cardboard Crash explores the ethical consequences of self-driving car algorithms and how should they be chosen. It presents users in a scenario where they are driving with a child in the vehicle and a road incident presents them with three alternative actions: veering left and colliding with a family, driving into a truck, or turning right, off a cliff | Cardboard Crash |
2,641 | The EasyMile EZ10 is a battery-powered autonomous electric bus designed and marketed by EasyMile. It seats up to six people and four more passengers may ride standing, or it can accommodate a wheelchair, with the aim of helping to bridge the first mile/last mile of a trip. EZ10 has been deployed in more than 30 cities and 16 countries | EasyMile EZ10 |
2,642 | The Eureka PROMETHEUS Project (PROgraMme for a European Traffic of Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety, 1987–1995) was the largest R&D project ever in the field of driverless cars. It received €749,000,000 in funding from the EUREKA member states, and defined the state of the art of autonomous vehicles. Numerous universities and car manufacturers participated in this Pan-European project | Eureka Prometheus Project |
2,643 | GoMentum Station is a testing ground for connected and autonomous vehicles at the former Concord Naval Weapons Station (CNWS) in Concord, California, United States. The property was acquired and repurposed by the Contra Costa Transportation Authority, acquired in August 2018 by AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah. In October 2014, the Contra Costa Transportation Authority announced that the GoMentum Station proving grounds would be used to test self-driving cars; according to them, "The public will not have access to the test site, and the self-driving cars will be restricted to the test bed site | GoMentum Station |
2,644 | The death of Elaine Herzberg (August 2, 1968 – March 18, 2018) was the first recorded case of a pedestrian fatality involving a self-driving car, after a collision that occurred late in the evening of March 18, 2018. Herzberg was pushing a bicycle across a four-lane road in Tempe, Arizona, United States, when she was struck by an Uber test vehicle, which was operating in self-drive mode with a human safety backup driver sitting in the driving seat. Herzberg was taken to the local hospital where she died of her injuries | Death of Elaine Herzberg |
2,645 | The Indy Autonomous Challenge (IAC) is the main and, as of July 2023, the only active racing series for autonomous race cars. The vehicles participating in the IAC are SAE level 4 autonomous as they are capable of completing circuit laps and overtaking manoeuvres without any human intervention. Each team participating in the competition uses the same vehicle, a custom-built Dallara AV21 single-seater derived from their IL-15 model with the addition of all the sensors, actuators and computing hardware necessary for fully autonomous driving | Indy Autonomous Challenge |
2,646 | Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) for Toyota models in the United States, is the first production automatic parking system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation in 1999 initially for the Japanese market hybrid Prius models and Lexus models. The technology assists drivers in parking their vehicle. On vehicles equipped with the IPAS, via an in-dash screen and button controls, the car can steer itself into a parking space with little input from the user | Intelligent Parking Assist System |
2,647 | Mcity is a 32-acre (13 ha) mock city and proving ground built for the testing of wirelessly connected and driverless cars located on the University of Michigan North Campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The project, which officially opened on July 20, 2015, is built on land purchased by the university from a former Pfizer facility. It cost US$10 million and will be collaboratively managed by Mcity (formerly the Mobility Transformation Center - MTC) | Mcity |
2,648 | openpilot is an open source, semi-automated driving system developed by comma. ai. openpilot operates as a replacement for OEM advanced driver-assistance systems with the objective of improving visual perception and electromechanical actuator control | Openpilot |
2,649 | The ParkShuttle is an electrically-driven, autonomous shuttle service that runs between Kralingse Zoom metro station in Rotterdam to the Rivium business park in Capelle aan den IJssel. The system first opened 1999 and has been extended since. It has three stops in Rivium (at the 4th, 2nd and 1st streets), a stop Fascinatio (serving the residential area in Capelle aan den IJssel and the Brainpark III business park) and finally at Kralingse Zoom metro station | ParkShuttle |
2,650 | Roborace was a competition with autonomously driving, electrically powered vehicles. Founded in 2015 by Denis Sverdlov, it aimed to be the first global championship for autonomous cars. From 2017 to 2019, the official CEO was 2016–17 Formula E champion, Lucas Di Grassi, who later became a member of Roborace’s supervisory board | Roborace |
2,651 | Ultra (Urban Light Transit) is a personal rapid transit podcar system developed by the British engineering company Ultra Global PRT (formerly Advanced Transport Systems). The only public system opened at Heathrow Airport in London in May 2011. It consists of 21 vehicles operating on a 3 | ULTra (rapid transit) |
2,652 | VIAC, the VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge, is the challenge conceived by VisLab as an extreme test of autonomous vehicles. It ran from July 20, 2010 to October 28, 2010, involving four driverless vehicles driving with
virtually no human intervention on an almost 16,000 kilometres (9,900 mi) trip from Parma, Italy to Shanghai, China.
Overview
The 2010 World Expo's theme was “better cities, better life”; therefore issues related to sustainable mobility were central to the Expo and this challenge of reaching Shanghai with driverless vehicles provided a clear demonstration of future vehicles; it is considered one of the main milestones in Robotics | VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge |
2,653 | WEpods was a Dutch public transportation system and the world's first self-driving electric shuttle to be implemented at scale. In 2019, the experiment was terminated at the buses sold, after the province Gelderland cancelled its funding. The WEpods never ran between Ede-Wageningen railway station and the campus of Wageningen University and Research, as planned, but only transported people across the campus | WEpods |
2,654 | Biological engineering or
bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies | Biological engineering |
2,655 | Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic) | Biomedical engineering |
2,656 | Sonia Lorena Arriaga García is a Mexican biological engineer specializing in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-based pollution, and in techniques for removing bioaerosols from indoor environments. She is a professor and researcher at the Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Education and career
Arriaga is originally from Ciudad Mante | Sonia Arriaga |
2,657 | Firat Güder (FRSC) is a bioengineer, scientist, innovator and educator who is a professor of intelligent interfaces at Imperial College London. Güder is the Chief Engineer and the Principal Investigator of his own research group (Güder Research Group) which was founded in 2016 in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial. In 2022, Güder was recognized as one of Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World by Junior Chamber International for his contributions to science and technology, education, innovation and humanitarian efforts | Firat Güder |
2,658 | Matthias Lutolf (born in 1973, also known as Matthias Lütolf) is a bio-engineer and a professor at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) where he leads the Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering. He is specialised in biomaterials, and in combining stem cell biology and engineering to develop improved organoid models. In 2021, he became the scientific director for Roche's Institute for Translation Bioengineering in Basel | Matthias Lütolf |
2,659 | Bioinspiration is the development of novel materials, devices, and structures inspired by solutions found in biological evolution and refinement which has occurred over millions of years. The goal is to improve modeling and simulation of the biological system to attain a better understanding of nature's critical structural features, such as a wing, for use in future bioinspired designs. Bioinspiration differs from biomimicry in that the latter aims to precisely replicate the designs of biological materials | Bioinspiration |
2,660 | Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learning | Bio-inspired computing |
2,661 | Bio-inspired photonics or bio-inspired optical materials are the application of biomimicry (the use of natural models, systems, and elements for human innovations) to the field of photonics (the science and application of light generation, detection, and manipulation). This differs slightly from biophotonics which is the study and manipulation of light to observe its interactions with biology. One area that inspiration may be drawn from is structural color, which allows color to appear as a result of the detailed material structure | Bio-inspired photonics |
2,662 | Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design. It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems. More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems, including Biomimicry | Bio-inspired robotics |
2,663 | Bionics or biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design engineering systems and modern technology. The word bionic, coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958, is a portmanteau from biology and electronics which was popularized by the 1970s U | Bionics |
2,664 | Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e. g. , diagnostic or therapeutic) | Biomedical engineering |
2,665 | The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies.
College of Fellows
Since AIMBE’s inception, over 2,000 individuals have been inducted to AIMBE’s College of Fellows | American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering |
2,666 | Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering is an academic journal published by Annual Reviews. In publication since 1999, this journal covers the significant developments in the broad field of biomedical engineering with an annual volume of review articles. It is edited by Martin L | Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering |
2,667 | Applied Spectral Imaging or ASI is a multinational biomedical company that develops and manufactures microscopy imaging and digital analysis tools for hospitals, service laboratories and research centers. The company provides cytogenetic, pathology, and research laboratories with bright-field, fluorescence and spectral imaging in clinical applications. Test slides can be scanned, captured, archived, reviewed on the screen, analyzed with computer-assisted algorithms, and reported | Applied Spectral Imaging |
2,668 | Argus retinal prosthesis, also known as a bionic eye, is an electronic retinal implant manufactured by the American company Second Sight Medical Products. It is used as a visual prosthesis to improve the vision of people with severe cases of retinitis pigmentosa. The Argus II version of the system was approved for marketing in the European Union in March 2011, and it received approval in the US in February 2013 under a humanitarian device exemption | Argus retinal prosthesis |
2,669 | Automated insulin delivery systems are automated (or semi-automated) systems designed to assist people with insulin-requiring diabetes, by automatically adjusting insulin delivery in response to blood glucose levels. Currently available systems (as of October 2020) can only deliver (and regulate delivery of) a single hormone—insulin. Other systems currently in development aim to improve on current systems by adding one or more additional hormones that can be delivered as needed, providing something closer to the endocrine functionality of the pancreas | Automated insulin delivery system |
2,670 | A Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering is a kind of bachelor's degree typically conferred after a four-year undergraduate course of study in biomedical engineering (BME). The degree itself is largely equivalent to a Bachelor of Science and many institutions conferring degrees in the fields of biomedical engineering and bioengineering do not append the field to the degree itself. Courses of study in BME are also extremely diverse as the field itself is relatively new and developing | Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering |
2,671 | Computational anatomy (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology.
The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, including medical imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics. It focuses on the anatomical structures being imaged, rather than the medical imaging devices | Bayesian model of computational anatomy |
2,672 | Group actions are central to Riemannian geometry and defining orbits (control theory).
The orbits of computational anatomy consist of anatomical shapes and medical images; the anatomical shapes are submanifolds of differential geometry consisting of points, curves, surfaces and subvolumes,.
This generalized the ideas of the more familiar orbits of linear algebra which are linear vector spaces | Group actions in computational anatomy |
2,673 | Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems. Bio-MEMS have considerable overlap, and is sometimes considered synonymous, with lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro total analysis systems (μTAS). Bio-MEMS is typically more focused on mechanical parts and microfabrication technologies made suitable for biological applications | Bio-MEMS |
2,674 | Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair | Bioceramic |
2,675 | BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researcher and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization. " There are 7,000 members in 2018 | Biomedical Engineering Society |
2,676 | Biomimetic materials are materials developed using inspiration from nature. This may be useful in the design of composite materials. Natural structures have inspired and innovated human creations | Biomimetic material |
2,677 | Biotelemetry (or medical telemetry) involves the application of telemetry in biology, medicine, and other health care to remotely monitor various vital signs of ambulatory patients.
Application
The most common usage for biotelemetry is in dedicated cardiac care telemetry units or step-down units in hospitals. Although virtually any physiological signal could be transmitted, application is typically limited to cardiac monitoring and SpO2 | Biotelemetry |
2,678 | The Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (CMBES) is a technical society representing the biomedical engineering community in Canada. CMBES is supported by its membership which consists of biomedical engineers, biomedical engineering technologists and students. CMBES also hosts an annual conference and regular webinars | Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society |
2,679 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. (CPI), doing business as Guidant Cardiac Rhythm Management, manufactured implantable cardiac rhythm management devices, such as pacemakers and defibrillators. It sold microprocessor-controlled insulin pumps and equipment to regulate heart rhythm | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. |
2,680 | The Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society (CSDS), founded on 5 October 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by organ system physiologist and biomedical engineers, was a historic first in its mathematical and quantitative approach to cardiovascular mechanics.
Organisation
Currently the society includes investigators in muscle and vascular biology, subcellular and sarcomere dynamics, the microcirculation, cardiovascular biology, clinical disease, and modeling. The primary theme remains cardiovascular function, its physiologic and molecular mechanisms, with an aim to understand how these features integrate to achieve overall performance | Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society |
2,681 | Cell encapsulation is a possible solution to graft rejection in tissue engineering applications. Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane. It permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc | Cell encapsulation |
2,682 | Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. It involves the development and application of mathematical, statistical and data-analytical methods for modelling and simulation of biological structures.
The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, machine learning, computational mechanics, computational science, biological imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics; it also has strong connections with fluid mechanics and geometric mechanics | Computational anatomy |
2,683 | A custom-made medical device, commonly referred to as a custom-made device (CMD) (Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom) or a custom device (United States), is a medical device designed and manufactured for the sole use of a particular patient. Examples of custom-made medical devices include auricular splints, dentures, orthodontic appliances, orthotics and prostheses.
Definition
There is no globally agreed definition, but a custom-made medical device can be broadly defined as a medical device that has been designed and manufactured in accordance with a prescription from an appropriately qualified person for the sole use of a particular patient to meet their specific needs | Custom-made medical device |
2,684 | Diffeomorphometry is the metric study of imagery, shape and form in the discipline of computational anatomy (CA) in medical imaging. The study of images in computational anatomy rely on high-dimensional diffeomorphism groups
φ
∈
Diff
V
{\displaystyle \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}}
which generate orbits of the form
I
≐
{
φ
⋅
I
∣
φ
∈
Diff
V
}
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot I\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}}
, in which images
I
∈
I
{\displaystyle I\in {\mathcal {I}}}
can be dense scalar magnetic resonance or computed axial tomography images. For deformable shapes these are the collection of manifolds
M
≐
{
φ
⋅
M
∣
φ
∈
Diff
V
}
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}\doteq \{\varphi \cdot M\mid \varphi \in \operatorname {Diff} _{V}\}}
, points, curves and surfaces | Diffeomorphometry |
2,685 | Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc | Directed differentiation |
2,686 | E-NABLE is a distributed, Open Source community that creates and shares open source designs for assistive devices. It is known for creating the first 3D printable prosthetic hand and sharing the designs and code for bioelectric limbs.
History
In 2011, Ivan Owen created a metal, functional puppet hand for a Steampunk costume | E-NABLE |
2,687 | Acellular dermis is a type of biomaterial derived from processing human or animal tissues to remove cells and retain portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These materials are typically cell-free, distinguishing them from classical allografts and xenografts, can be integrated or incorporated into the body, and have been FDA approved for human use for more than 10 years in a wide range of clinical indications.
Harvesting and processing
All ECM samples originate from mammalian tissues, such as dermis, pericardium, and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) | Acellular dermis |
2,688 | Elementary modes may be considered minimal realizable flow patterns through a biochemical network that can sustain a steady state. This means that elementary modes cannot be decomposed further into simpler pathways. All possible flows through a network can be constructed from linear combinations of the elementary modes | Elementary modes |
2,689 | Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime is a 2007 book written by biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey, with his research assistant Michael Rae. Ending Aging describes de Grey's proposal for eliminating aging as a cause of debilitation and death in humans, and restoring the body to an indefinitely youthful state, a project that he calls the "strategies for engineered negligible senescence" ("SENS"). De Grey argues that defeating aging is feasible, possibly within a few decades, and he outlines steps that can be taken to hasten the development of regenerative medicine treatments for each side of aging | Ending Aging |
2,690 | In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery, external support (or external stent) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted over the outside of the vein graft in order to decrease the intermediate and late vein graft failure after bypass surgery (e. g. CABG) | External support |
2,691 | Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever (Rodale Books, ISBN 1-57954-954-3) is a book authored by Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman published in 2004. The basic premise of the book is that if middle aged people can live long enough, until approximately 120 years, they will be able to live forever—as humanity overcomes all diseases and old age itself. This might also be considered a break-even scenario where developments made during a year increase life expectancy by more than one year | Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever |
2,692 | Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), also called fluorescence image-guided surgery, or in the specific case of tumor resection, fluorescence guided resection, is a medical imaging technique used to detect fluorescently labelled structures during surgery. Similarly to standard image-guided surgery, FGS has the purpose of guiding the surgical procedure and providing the surgeon of real time visualization of the operating field. When compared to other medical imaging modalities, FGS is cheaper and superior in terms of resolution and number of molecules detectable | Fluorescence image-guided surgery |
2,693 | Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients | Health technology |
2,694 | A heart rate monitor (HRM) is a personal monitoring device that allows one to measure/display heart rate in real time or record the heart rate for later study. It is largely used to gather heart rate data while performing various types of physical exercise. Measuring electrical heart information is referred to as electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) | Heart rate monitor |
2,695 | Hosokawa Micron Powder Systems is an American company located in Summit, New Jersey, which designs and manufactures equipment for size reduction, classification and mixing of chemical, pharmaceutical and food materials. The company was started in 1923 by Louis Ruprecht named Pulverizing Company and was later bought by the Hosokawa Micron Group in 1985.
History
In 1923 Louis Ruprecht, a graduate from Stevens Institute of Technology, founded Pulverizing Company with offices in New York City and a small machine shop in Elizabeth, New Jersey | Hosokawa Micron Powder Systems |
2,696 | An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue | Implant (medicine) |
2,697 | An implantable loop recorder (ILR), also known as an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), is a small device that is implanted under the skin of the chest for cardiac monitoring, to record the heart's electrical activity for an extended period.
Operation
The ILR monitors the electrical activity of the heart, continuously storing information in its circular memory (hence the name "loop" recorder) as electrocardiograms (ECGs). Abnormal electrical activity - arrhythmia is recorded by "freezing" a segment of the memory for later review | Implantable loop recorder |
2,698 | The International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) was initially formed as International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering during the 2nd International Conference of Medical and Biological Engineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris, France in 1959. It is primarily a federation of national and transnational organizations. These organizations represent national interests in medical and biological engineering | International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering |
2,699 | Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) is a specific suite of algorithms used for diffeomorphic mapping and manipulating dense imagery based on diffeomorphic metric mapping within the academic discipline of computational anatomy, to be distinguished from its precursor based on diffeomorphic mapping. The distinction between the two is that diffeomorphic metric maps satisfy the property that the length associated to their flow away from the identity induces a metric on the group of diffeomorphisms, which in turn induces a metric on the orbit of shapes and forms within the field of Computational Anatomy. The study of shapes and forms with the metric of diffeomorphic metric mapping is called diffeomorphometry | Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping |
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