Migrating SQL Server databases We have a handful of SQL Server databases. Probably not relevant but just for info: 


OS: Windows Web Server 2008 R2
RDBMS: SQL Server 2012 Express


My question is: When using SQL Server Management Studio to back up a database, is the resulting .bak file all one would need to fully restore the database on another machine? 

I've been doing this for years in development environments, so to my mind the answer is yes, but we are migrating a production server so I wouldn't want to risk anything. Are there any log files, config files, [?], that might hinder performance/integrity/[?] if omitted from a restoration?
Basically yes, all you'd need is to backup and restore the databases. However, there's a bunch of stuff that won't do.


Server level settings (MAXDOP/CTFP, etc.)
Agent Jobs
Maintenance plans   
Linked Servers   
Users/Logins 
Any other customization


It's kind of a pain in the butt to find all this stuff, and even if it's a one time move, scripting it all out can be a hassle. I'd recommend something like the free dba tools to help you with that.