Do agile software development approaches apply to SQL? I would like to learn if agile software development methods/principles/patterns are valid to SQL programming as well. If yes, where would be a good place to start learning about that? Are there any articles or books targeting agile development in SQL context?
Yes. There is a whole web site devoted to it: Agile Data

I'm using it now for a brand new project.

Also see: Should you design the database before the application code is written?.

My answer there doesn't capture what I do now: 2 week sprints, good enough for that sprint. As per the Agile Data site.

I find it a good practice. It focuses on the here and now, not "we might need this". So you manage a well scoped delivery. Note: I still model using a whiteboard and meatsacks first, and it's in 5NF.