Partitioning a large table has not improved performance, why? In SQL Server 2014 I have partitioned one of my large tables weekly and  defined a sliding window scenario to switch the oldest week's data to the archive DB and create a new partition for the next week.

This is the result:



This is for an AVL System (Vehicle Tracking). I have partitioned on PositionDate (datetime). 
All our queries have PositionDate in the WHERE clause and in many cases we have VehicleId in the WHERE clause too. So I created two aligned indexes on VehicleId (int):


one on (PositionDate,VehicleId);
one on just (VehicleId).


But in every query that contains VehicleId in its WHERE clause neither of these two non-clustered indexes is used (according to the query plan).

I have a performance problem now. 

I compared the query plans between partitioned and non-partitioned table for queries like below:

Select * from MyNonPart_Table Where PositionDate between '2016-05-01' AND '2016-06-01'

Select * from PartitinedTable Where PositionDate between '2016-05-01' AND '2016-06-01'


and awesomely I see that the first query costs 30% but the second, 70%.

I have one file group with two files for the partitioned table.

My questions: 


Is the number of rows in each partition more than the optimal number of rows for partitioning? If I partition by day and hold last 60 days' data live, will that help me improve performance?
Are my non-clustered indexes well defined or I should remove them? We have PositionDate in the WHERE clause of all queries and VehicleId in many of them.
Am I misusing partitioning for this scenario? If I define good indexes on my non-partitioned table and move oldest data (more than 2 month old) to the archive table, will that work well for my case?


DDL for my indexes:

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[MyTable] ADD  CONSTRAINT [PK_Primary] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [PositionDate] ASC,
    [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
GO

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NonClusteredIndex-VehicleId] ON [dbo].[MyTable]
(
    [VehicleId] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
GO

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [NCIX_VehicleId_PositionDate] ON [dbo].[MyTable]
(
    [VehicleId] ASC,
    [PositionDate] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
GO


This is an example, my queries are in SPs that receive datetime type parameters.
You generally followed a delusion - that partitioning will give you a significant performance boost for queries compared to a standard index.

This is not the case. There is little difference between filtering with an index and with a partition.

Partitions are not there to make your queries faster, but to allow fast DELETE - by swapping out a partition with an empty version of the table. This allows "truncate" style performance for deleting parts of a table - and that is significant. Brutally significant, if you ever experience the long time it may take to delete dozens of gigabytes of data.

There are also insert scenarios where a partition can help.

But for queries - no, the partition will not be better than proper indices. In fact, it will be slower - as there the work is more complex (management of which partitions to access).