Does SQL Server have a reference partitioning equivalent? Oracle 11g has introduced a new feature that is called Reference Partition.

Using reference partitioning, a child table can inherit the partitioning characteristics from a parent table.

http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Reference_partitioning

Is there an equivalent feature in SQL Server?
Not exactly.

In SQL Server, you create a partition function and a partition scheme, which are objects separate from the tables themselves, which define the partitioning characteristics. Then, tables are created referencing the partition scheme.

So, yes, there is a central definition of the partitioning characteristics, but the reference is made to the partition scheme (which could be anything), not to any particular table or relationship.