How do I backup SQL Server Agent configuration? I've tried googling for this.  The problem is that the all the results are about using SQL Server Agent to schedule automatic backups.

How do I backup the SQL Server Agent configuration itself?  If my database machine fails, I will need to recreate all the SQL Server Agent jobs that are currently defined.  Is all this information stored in the Master database and is a restore of that database all that is required to get the SQl Server Agent jobs back?
They are actually all in the msdb database. However, it's not advisable to simply restored msdb over the existing one. The best solution is to script the jobs out on a weekly baseis. Take a look at this for some example steps on how to backup/restore jobs

http://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic749226-146-1.aspx#bm749280