Cannot continue the execution because the session is in the kill state. while building clustered index I get the following error while trying to create a clustered index

The statement has been terminated.
Msg 596, Level 21, State 1, Line 0
Cannot continue the execution because the session is in the kill state.
Msg 0, Level 20, State 0, Line 0
A severe error occurred on the current command. The results, if any, should be discarded.

The index is:
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON
COMMIT

BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CO_DES_INPUT 
ON dbo.CO_DES_INPUT(DESIGN_ID, PRODUCT_INPUT_NUM, INPUT_NAME)
          WITH(STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
               ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.CO_DES_INPUT 
  SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
COMMIT

I am using Microsoft SQL Server 2012 (SP3) (KB3072779) - 11.0.6020.0 (X64)
Standard Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.3 (Build 9600: )
I have run
DBCC CheckDB ('concept-test') WITH NO_INFOMSGS, ALL_ERRORMSGS  

and it found no problems
I am afraid that my database is corrupt since I am getting this error. How do I correct my issue and get this index put on the table?
Just a pointer re: SQL Server 2017 (where I was hitting this error) and some versions of 2016 to potentially save others some time: 

Before SQL Server 2017 CU8 (also 2016 SP1 CU9 and 2016 SP2 CU1), there was an issue where partitioned tables with incremental stats would generate this error if the DML operation caused an automatic stats update.  

Minimal KB page is here:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4163478/fix-access-violation-when-incremental-statistics-automatically-updated

Installing a later CU than those listed above fixes the issue.