Is there a way to get slow-query-log-like profiling information on a single query? Specifically, I'm looking for this information:

# Query_time: 0.011922  Lock_time: 0.000088  Rows_sent: 107  Rows_examined: 663  Rows_affected: 0  Rows_read: 107
# Bytes_sent: 4152  Tmp_tables: 3  Tmp_disk_tables: 3  Tmp_table_sizes: 259964


on queries I run in the console.

We're running Percona 5.5.
I think you're looking for the "show profiles" query.  See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/show-profiles.html