How do i set up an Alert that tells me when a replication of data failed? I've got Database Mail setup and tested fine.  Alerts do work when I stop and start the replication agent job, but I cannot get it to throw any alerts when data moves from a publisher db to a subscriber db successfully or unsuccessfully.  Ultimate goal is to notify me if something doesn't go right with a data replication.
You can set up SQL Server Agent Alerts to trap specific error numbers and respond to them by sending email notifications, or running jobs. In Management Studio, drill down to SQL Server Agent, Alerts. You might have a few defaults in there. If you don't have "Replication: agent success" and "Replication: agent failure", you can create them to watch for error numbers 14150 and 14151, respectively.

HOWEVER, since the agent success message isn't written to the SQL Server error log, you won't be able to have alerts on it by default. I just went through this trying to get email alerts for permission denied errors. You can use sp_altermessage to enable logging for a specific error message, but be careful that it isn't a frequent message, or you'll have some serious error log bloat on your hands. You don't need to do this to enable the agent failure message, which is logged by default.

EXEC sp_altermessage 14150, 'WITH_LOG', 'true'


Then in the "Response" page for the alert, you can choose which operators to notify. Set them up under SQL Server Agent, Operators if you don't have any defined.