If a Parallelism Exchange Event deadlock is victim-less, is it a problem? We're seeing a lot of these Intra-Query Parallel Thread Deadlocks in our Production environment (SQL Server 2012 SP2 - yes...I know...), however when looking at the Deadlock XML that has been captured via Extended Events, the victim-list is empty.

&lt;victim-list /&gt;


The deadlocking appears to be between 4 threads, two with the WaitType="e_waitPipeNewRow" and two with the WaitType="e_waitPipeGetRow".

 &lt;resource-list&gt;
  &lt;exchangeEvent id="Pipe13904cb620" WaitType="e_waitPipeNewRow" nodeId="19"&gt;
   &lt;owner-list&gt;
    &lt;owner id="process4649868" /&gt;
   &lt;/owner-list&gt;
   &lt;waiter-list&gt;
    &lt;waiter id="process40eb498" /&gt;
   &lt;/waiter-list&gt;
  &lt;/exchangeEvent&gt;
  &lt;exchangeEvent id="Pipe30670d480" WaitType="e_waitPipeNewRow" nodeId="21"&gt;
   &lt;owner-list&gt;
    &lt;owner id="process368ecf8" /&gt;
   &lt;/owner-list&gt;
   &lt;waiter-list&gt;
    &lt;waiter id="process46a0cf8" /&gt;
   &lt;/waiter-list&gt;
  &lt;/exchangeEvent&gt;
  &lt;exchangeEvent id="Pipe13904cb4e0" WaitType="e_waitPipeGetRow" nodeId="19"&gt;
   &lt;owner-list&gt;
    &lt;owner id="process40eb498" /&gt;
   &lt;/owner-list&gt;
   &lt;waiter-list&gt;
    &lt;waiter id="process368ecf8" /&gt;
   &lt;/waiter-list&gt;
  &lt;/exchangeEvent&gt;
  &lt;exchangeEvent id="Pipe4a106e060" WaitType="e_waitPipeGetRow" nodeId="21"&gt;
   &lt;owner-list&gt;
    &lt;owner id="process46a0cf8" /&gt;
   &lt;/owner-list&gt;
   &lt;waiter-list&gt;
    &lt;waiter id="process4649868" /&gt;
   &lt;/waiter-list&gt;
  &lt;/exchangeEvent&gt;
 &lt;/resource-list&gt;


So:


The Victim List is empty 
The application running the query does not error and completes the query
As far as we can see, there is no obvious issue, other than that the graph is captured 


Therefore, is this anything to worry about other than noise?

Edit: Thanks to Paul's answer, I can see where the issue likely occurs and appears to resolve itself with the tempdb spill.
I wouldn't be surprised if this is the way the deadlock graph looks when an intra-query parallel deadlock is resolved by an exchange spill (so there is no victim, except performance).
You could confirm this theory by capturing exchange spills and matching them up (or not) to the deadlock.
Writing exchange buffers to tempdb to resolve a deadlock is not ideal. Look to eliminate sequences of order-preserving operations in the execution plan (e.g. order-preserving exchanges feeding a parallel merge join). Unless it's not causing a noticeable performance problem, and you have other things to worry about.

Out of interest, is this problem likely to be exacerbated by high fragmentation/outdated statistics?

Fragmentation, no. Outdated Statistics: not in any specific sense I can think of, no. Of course unrepresentative stats are rarely a good thing generally.
The fundamental issue here is that parallelism works best when there are as few dependencies between threads as possible; preserved ordering introduces rather nasty dependencies. Things can easily get gummed up, and the only way to clear the logjam is to spill a bunch of rows held at exchanges to tempdb.

Note
Intra-query parallel deadlocks no longer generate xml graphs when the deadlock can be resolved with an exchange spill, following a fix released for Cumulative Update 10 for SQL Server 2017 and Cumulative Update 2 for SQL Server 2016 SP2.