Cannot find one or more components. Please reinstall the application I am getting this error in Windows Server 2012 with Visual Studio 2012 installed trying to open SQL Server Management Studio 2012:


  Cannot find one or more components. Please reinstall the application


I tried many things, including installing SQL Server Management Studio 2014, uninstalling, reinstalling… Then repairing VS2012, installing SSMS 2014 again. All to no avail.
Uninstall the Visual Studio 2010 Shell, this was done by downloading the installer.

Once downloaded, run the installer and remove the VS2010 Shell component. Once done, run the SQL 2014 Management Studio installer or do a repair on your existing installation, this will itself reinstall the VS2010 Shell components.

Then it opened for me.

In Order To Repair Sql Server Management Studio Do Below Steps - 


Open Control Panel Then Click on Program and Features
Then Find Microsoft Sql Server 2012 , Right click on it and choose uninstall 
Then uninstall wizard will open and Follow the wizard steps to uninstall it.