Connectivity to SQL Server on Azure Error: 121 - The semaphore timeout period has expired I having trouble connecting to a SQL Server database on Azure. We've already added the IP address to the firewall exclusion list and the username/password work when connecting from other machines. We tried with both username/password and MFA.
What else could be causing the problem?

A connection was successfully established with the server, but then an error occurred during the pre-login handshake. (provider: TCP Provider, error: 0 - The semaphore timeout period has expired.) (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 121)
try to connect choosing the proper user database here:

Maybe the user you are using is not able to connect to the master database.
Here is how database firewall rules work:
https://docs.microsoft.com/it-it/azure/azure-sql/database/firewall-configure