SQL substitution feature in Oracle 10g Three or four years ago I read in an Oracle blog somewhere that a DBA had used for an emergency incident resolution an Oracle 10g feature of real time SQL substitution. Basically, he configured Oracle in way that every time that it received a certain query A it executed another query B instead. No application code change, no schema change, just a simple "execute query B instead of A" type of configuration. 

Not that I am planning to use that feature (I can think of some undesirable consequences), but out of curiosity does it really exist? If yes, what is that feature called?
That sounds like the DBMS_ADVANCED_REWRITE package.  Tim Hall has an excellent walk-through of using that package to point an application's queries against a different table or view.

If you merely want to change the query plan but not point the query at a different table, you can use stored outlines or SQL profiles.

For example, I have tables FOO with 1 row and BAR with 2 rows

SQL&gt; select * from foo;

      COL1
----------
         1

SQL&gt; select * from bar;

      COL1
----------
        66
        77


I can declare a rewrite equivalence saying that queries against FOO should instead hit BAR

begin
  sys.DBMS_ADVANCED_REWRITE.DECLARE_REWRITE_EQUIVALENCE(
    'Rewrite_Foo',
    'select col1 from foo',
    'select col1 from bar',
    false,
    'TEXT_MATCH' );
end;


Now, if I set query_rewrite_integrity to trusted, queries against FOO end up hitting a completely different table.

SQL&gt; alter session set query_rewrite_integrity=trusted;

Session altered.

SQL&gt; select * from foo;

      COL1
----------
        66
        77


That can create some rather interesting query plans where the object you're querying is nowhere to be found in the plan

SQL&gt; select * from foo;

      COL1
----------
        66
        77


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4224476444

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |     2 |    26 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| BAR  |     2 |    26 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        584  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          2  rows processed