Database Backup for data and log files I have been told that for data files backup operate at extent level and for log file, backup operates at page level.

I know that the file type for data file is always "Rows Data" and is stored in the form of extent(Either mixed or uniform extent) whereas logs are stored in the form of Log i.e. VLF(Virtual Log Files).

Can please somebody shed some light on this concept in a bit detailed level as I am a bit puzzled on how backup distinguishes between data and log. If its full backup, it would store all the committed change written to data file, for differential - all changes since last full backup from data file. And for log backup - all changes which is committed however not written to data file.

Appreciate your valuable input on this.
Don't worry about extents and pages.

A Full backup contains all the data pages.  The pages are not written to the backup at a single point-in-time.  So a Full also contains the log records needed to redo/undo the changes from the earliest page to latest transaction committed during the backup.

A differential backup omits all pages not changed since the last Full backup.

A log backup contains all log records since the last log backup.