ORA-01031: insufficient privileges, cannot login as any user I ran below command and restarted docker container.
alter system set processes = 1 scope = spfile;

after this I am not able to login to DB at all.
root@30b2f9030f89:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin# sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 5 14:59:14 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL&gt; conn / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges


SQL&gt; 

I tried to resolve it with below command, tried login again, still getting same error
orapwd file=filename password=password entries=100

Also tried editting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/dbs/spfileXE.ora file
and manually assign processes=100 and back to processes=1
this didnt help.
can someone guide here please?
Based on your comments, I have to assume that you are new to Oracle Database.

alter system set processes = 1 ...

It takes lots of processes to run an Oracle Database.
I very rarely hear of anyone reducing this parameter - usually we're having to ramp it up to cope with increasing workload.

orapwd file=filename password=password entries=100

The Oracle Password File controls who can log into the database using Operating System authentication rather than a local, database password.
It should have as few entries in it as possible (I don't think I've ever exceeded five) and then only those that *administer&quot; the database and are trusted to know what they're doing.

Also tried editting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/dbs/spfileXE.ora file

No, no, no.  Just ...   No.
You should consider most, if not all, of the files used / managed by Oracle Database to be in a proprietary format that you absolutely must not try to &quot;edit&quot;.
This is Oracle database, not Microsoft's &quot;ODBC Text&quot; Driver.
The PFile is one of the few a text files that you can edit but their use is exceptional these days - most database instances run from an SPFile - intended for situations like this where you have to &quot;fix&quot; things on the fly.