My text book has the following uses of “how long”, but the Spanish is structured differently each time:

Example 1:

> 
> How long have you worked here?  
> 
>  ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que trabaja aquí?
> 
> 
> 

This uses `Cuánto tiempo` for how long and `hace que` for have. 

Example 2:

> 
> How long have you been living in California?  
> 
>  ¿Cuánto tiempo ha estado viviendo en California?
> 
> 
> 

This again uses `Cuánto tiempo` for how long but now `ha` is used for have. 

Example 3:

> 
> How long have you lived here?  
> 
>  ¿Cuánto hace que vive aquí?
> 
> 
> 

This uses `Cuánto` for `how long` but it doesn’t use `tiempo`. 
Like the first example it uses `hace que` for have.

I can understand Example 1 being different as it is talking about work. However, Example 2 and 3 both talking about living.

How does the concept of "how long" work in Spanish?
Is there a rule to know to when to use each construction?
Or are the differences conveying a nuance of meaning?