I'm looking for best practices for using the same data in different places without [repeating yourself](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself) - this could include configuration or business rules.

Example 1. Data validation rules where you want to validate on the client using javascript, but you want to make sure by validating on the server.

Example 2. Database access where your web server and your cronjobs use the same password, username.

Ease of processing and a human-readable solution would be a plus.