There are several related questions, about [auto-expanding a JTree when a new TreeModel is set](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15210979/how-do-i-auto-expand-a-jtree-when-setting-a-new-treemodel), or about [expanding a JTree in general](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/510610/java-jtree-expand-only-level-one-nodes), and some of them are also aiming at the performance of [expanding many paths in a JTree](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4250569/is-there-a-fast-way-to-expand-many-paths-in-a-jtree).

However, none of the proposed solutions seems to cover what one could consider a "simple" application case: I have a large tree (that is, a tree that is either very deep, very broad, or both), and I want to fully expand it programmatically. 

The following is a [MCVE](https://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve) that shows the problem: It creates a tree model with 100k nodes. Pressing the button triggers a call to `expandAll`, which tries to expand all nodes using an approach that was derived from the answers to the related questions.

The problem is that expanding these 100k nodes takes approximately **13 seconds** (on an average machine, with a recent JVM).

```
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTree;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel;
import javax.swing.tree.TreeModel;

public class TreeExpansionPerformanceProblem
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(
            () -> createAndShowGUI());
    }

    private static void createAndShowGUI()
    {
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout(1,0));

        f.getContentPane().add(createTestPanel(
            TreeExpansionPerformanceProblem::expandAll));

        f.setSize(800,600);
        f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

    private static JPanel createTestPanel(Consumer<JTree> expansionMethod)
    {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        JTree tree = new JTree(createTestTreeModel());
        panel.add(new JScrollPane(tree), BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        JButton expandAllButton = new JButton("Expand all");
        expandAllButton.addActionListener( e -> 
        {
            System.out.println("Expanding...");
            long before = System.nanoTime();
            expansionMethod.accept(tree);
            long after = System.nanoTime();
            System.out.println("Expanding took "+(after-before)/1e6);

        });
        buttonPanel.add(expandAllButton);
        panel.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        return panel;
    }

    private static void expandAll(JTree tree)
    {
        int r = 0;
        while (r < tree.getRowCount())
        {
            tree.expandRow(r);
            r++;
        }
    }

    private static TreeModel createTestTreeModel() 
    {
        DefaultMutableTreeNode root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("JTree");
        addNodes(root, 0, 6, 6, 10);
        return new DefaultTreeModel(root);
    }

    private static void addNodes(DefaultMutableTreeNode node, 
        int depth, int maxDepth, int count, int leafCount)
    {
        if (depth == maxDepth)
        {
            return;
        }
        for (int i=0; i<leafCount; i++)
        {
            DefaultMutableTreeNode leaf = 
                new DefaultMutableTreeNode("depth_"+depth+"_leaf_"+i);
            node.add(leaf);
        }
        if (depth < maxDepth - 1)
        {
            for (int i=0; i<count; i++)
            {
                DefaultMutableTreeNode child = 
                    new DefaultMutableTreeNode("depth_"+depth+"_node_"+i);
                node.add(child);
                addNodes(child, depth+1, maxDepth, count, leafCount);
            }
        }

    }
}

```

Are there any options that allow expanding many nodes more efficiently?