I am looking for a way that I can synchronize the files on two computers (assuming both run Ubuntu) WITHOUT uploading the files to the cloud as Ubuntu One does. Windows Live Mesh does this natively (I can synchronize essentially as many files/folders as I want, and pick and choose which of these I actually want "backed up" to the online cloud). So essentially, with Windows Live Mesh, I can synchronize a large amount of data (I currently sync something like 30gb) between two computers, while only something like 1Gb actually gets loaded to the cloud.

Is there a way to do this with Ubuntu One or even Ubuntu in general? 

It seems a shame that Ubuntu One should be limited to being able to do nothing more than any other fileshare program (like Dropbox) can.