If I go to "Settings - Data Usage" and press the "Properties" I can activate "Restrict Background Data", using a Samsung Galaxy S2 (i9105P) with Android 4.1.2.

Is there any way I can do this programmatically, both on and off?

I only want to activate/deactivate it under certain conditions (determined by my app) so I don't have to manually remember to activate it.

PS: I searched the android.developer.com website, but with no success.