I don't know enough math to formulate an intelligent question on this so I'll give an example. I'd like an answer to my example but also I'd like to know the jargon I need to be able to research it further.

Suppose you have a large set of data of information about people: their height, weight, age, and number of pushups they can do. How would you go about finding:

1. Which height, weight, and age combinations can do the most pushups?
2. Given a height, weight, and age, what is the probability they can do x number of pushups?

Ultimately I'd like to know, given a set of 10 people's heights, weights, and ages, who would statistically be the most likely to do the most pushups.