What kind of formal or non-written rules/requirements does our project need to match and follow so we can say that our project is open science?

Is it only about research data which should be accessible to all?

What if the project [doesn't make sense](http://thatsmathematics.com/blog/archives/102) and it's publishing [correlation data of the number of pirates with global temperature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster)? Does it still match the criteria of 'open science' project?