The sun and the laser both give off photons, but there is clearly going to be a difference(s) in the light I receive from both sources. What are those differences (energy, intensity, orientation of photons, phases etc... literally any difference you can think of)? Imagine that I put a universal measuring device (something that can detect anything imaginable) in front of light from sun and also one in front of the laser. What are the differences?

The only one I know of is that the energy and therefore the frequency of the photons coming from the sun will all be higher than the ones from the laser (standard laser, nothing too mega and nothing out of sci-fi).