Imagine you are placed in an unknown location in the middle of the ocean. You see the moon at its half. 

**Which are the different "sets of information" which, if provided to you, would allow you to tell correctly if the moon is waxing or waning?**

As you might know, there are several different, independent methods to answer the above based on different space-time information. From my rudimentary/amateur knowledge of astronomy I have identified three. I am, however, curious of all the alternatives.

I am particularly interested in two scenarios:

1. You cannot see the landscape of the surface of the moon (say, a thin layer of clouds cover it).
2. You can see the landscape of the surface of the moon (i.e. you can see half of the "[moon rabbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rabbit)")