I am familiar with two reverse geocoding APIs - Google Maps and foursquare. Both have problems. Consider lat,lng = 35.699,139.707 (Tokyo).

**Foursquare:**

```
GET https://api.foursquare.com/v2/venues/search?ll=35.699,139.707&oauth_token=5TJR4WQZSOW0ZWTE4ENMXKO3Y415252GITEMRPQIVPMEGCYK&v=20120723&limit=1

```

yields the following result:

```
{
"meta": {
    "code": 200
},
"notifications": [
    {
        "type": "notificationTray",
        "item": {
            "unreadCount": 0
        }
    }
],
"response": {
    "venues": [
        {
            "id": "4b64ebedf964a520e3d92ae3",
            "name": "まいどおおきに食堂 東新宿食堂",
            "contact": {
                "phone": "0352911870",
                "formattedPhone": "03-5291-1870"
            },
            "location": {
                "address": "大久保1-1-45",
                "crossStreet": "新宿セントラルハイツプラザ 1F",
                "lat": 35.698492646211,
                "lng": 139.707271456718,
                "distance": 61,
                "postalCode": "169-0072",
                "city": "新宿区",
                "state": "東京都",
                "country": "Japan",
                "cc": "JP"
            },
            "categories": [
                {
                    "id": "4bf58dd8d48988d111941735",
                    "name": "Restaurant japonais",
                    "pluralName": "Restaurants japonais",
                    "shortName": "Japonaise",
                    "icon": {
                        "prefix": "https://foursquare.com/img/categories_v2/food/japanese_",
                        "suffix": ".png"
                    },
                    "primary": true
                }
            ],
            "verified": false,
            "stats": {
                "checkinsCount": 191,
                "usersCount": 100,
                "tipCount": 1
            },
            "url": "http://www.shokudo.jp/",
            "likes": {
                "count": 0,
                "groups": []
            },
            "specials": {
                "count": 0,
                "items": []
            },
            "hereNow": {
                "count": 0,
                "groups": []
            }
        }
    ]
}

```

}

I am only interested in the `response.venues[0].location.city` entry. Unfortunately, I do not know Japanese, so I cannot tell what it is. Well, google says it is Shinjuku - one of the special wards of Tokyo.

**Google Maps:**

```
GET http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?sensor=false&language=en&latlng=35.699,139.707

```

yields:

```
{
   "results" : [
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "４１",
               "short_name" : "４１",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_4", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１",
               "short_name" : "１",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１丁目",
               "short_name" : "１丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Japan, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Okubo, １丁目１−４１",
         "geometry" : {
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.69893960,
               "lng" : 139.7069460
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70028858029149,
                  "lng" : 139.7082949802915
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69759061970850,
                  "lng" : 139.7055970197085
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "sublocality_level_4", "sublocality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "169-8540",
               "short_name" : "169-8540",
               "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "２",
               "short_name" : "２",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１丁目",
               "short_name" : "１丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "１丁目-２ Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8540, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.69946460,
               "lng" : 139.70746810
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70081358029149,
                  "lng" : 139.7088170802915
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69811561970850,
                  "lng" : 139.7061191197085
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "１",
               "short_name" : "１",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１丁目",
               "short_name" : "１丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Japan, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Okubo, １丁目１",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69984490,
                  "lng" : 139.70749510
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69787060,
                  "lng" : 139.70506090
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.69880630,
               "lng" : 139.70610160
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70020673029150,
                  "lng" : 139.7076269802915
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69750876970850,
                  "lng" : 139.7049290197085
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "１丁目",
               "short_name" : "１丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Japan, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Okubo, １丁目",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70128920,
                  "lng" : 139.70796940
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69787060,
                  "lng" : 139.7019760
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.69868950,
               "lng" : 139.70306310
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70128920,
                  "lng" : 139.70796940
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69787060,
                  "lng" : 139.7019760
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70956610,
                  "lng" : 139.7091340
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69787310,
                  "lng" : 139.70060080
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.70418340,
               "lng" : 139.70558750
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70956610,
                  "lng" : 139.7091340
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69787310,
                  "lng" : 139.70060080
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Higashishinjuku Station",
               "short_name" : "Higashishinjuku Station",
               "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "２７",
               "short_name" : "２７",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "７丁目",
               "short_name" : "７丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Higashishinjuku Station, ７丁目-２７ Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7050830,
                  "lng" : 139.7144590
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6926030,
                  "lng" : 139.7000410
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.697920,
               "lng" : 139.7075490
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7050830,
                  "lng" : 139.7144590
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6926030,
                  "lng" : 139.7000410
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "169-0072",
               "short_name" : "169-0072",
               "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Okubo",
               "short_name" : "Okubo",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0072, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70972520,
                  "lng" : 139.71028470
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69710930,
                  "lng" : 139.69624280
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.70418340,
               "lng" : 139.70558750
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70972520,
                  "lng" : 139.71028470
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.69710930,
                  "lng" : 139.69624280
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinokubo Station",
               "short_name" : "Shinokubo Station",
               "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１０",
               "short_name" : "１０",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "１丁目",
               "short_name" : "１丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Hyakunincho",
               "short_name" : "Hyakunincho",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Shinokubo Station, １丁目-１０ Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7078270,
                  "lng" : 139.708840
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6953970,
                  "lng" : 139.6937970
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.7013060,
               "lng" : 139.7000440
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7078270,
                  "lng" : 139.708840
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6953970,
                  "lng" : 139.6937970
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku Station",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku Station",
               "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "３８",
               "short_name" : "３８",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_3", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "３丁目",
               "short_name" : "３丁目",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_2", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Shinjuku Station, ３丁目-３８ Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7005790,
                  "lng" : 139.7124960
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6812220,
                  "lng" : 139.6878250
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.6909210,
               "lng" : 139.7002580
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.7005790,
                  "lng" : 139.7124960
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.6812220,
                  "lng" : 139.6878250
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "train_station", "transit_station", "establishment" ]
      },
      {
         "address_components" : [
            {
               "long_name" : "160-0022",
               "short_name" : "160-0022",
               "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "sublocality_level_1", "sublocality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "short_name" : "Shinjuku",
               "types" : [ "locality", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Tokyo",
               "short_name" : "Tokyo",
               "types" : [ "administrative_area_level_1", "political" ]
            },
            {
               "long_name" : "Japan",
               "short_name" : "JP",
               "types" : [ "country", "political" ]
            }
         ],
         "formatted_address" : "Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan",
         "geometry" : {
            "bounds" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70311470,
                  "lng" : 139.71922230
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.68222330,
                  "lng" : 139.69241360
               }
            },
            "location" : {
               "lat" : 35.69110170,
               "lng" : 139.7067630
            },
            "location_type" : "APPROXIMATE",
            "viewport" : {
               "northeast" : {
                  "lat" : 35.70311470,
                  "lng" : 139.71922230
               },
               "southwest" : {
                  "lat" : 35.68222330,
                  "lng" : 139.69241360
               }
            }
         },
         "types" : [ "postal_code" ]
      },
   /* REMOVED FOR BREVITY */
   ],
   "status" : "OK"
}

```

Google Maps API is in English, but its results are too low level. For instance, cities and towns are normally identified with the `locality` type. Here the locality is Shinjuku, which is one of the special wards of Tokyo, but it is an implementation detail of the administration system of Tokyo. I want to get Tokyo as the city. Of course, I could search for the `administrative_area_level_1` type token instead of the `locality`, knowing that Tokyo is actually one of the Japan prefectures. 

The foursquare API has the same problem, it reports the city as Shinjuku and the state as Tokyo, only both as in Japanese!

Are there any simple high level reverse geocoding API which returns common sense results? I mean, no one outside Japan says "I am going to Shinjuku". People say "I am going to Tokyo".

Thanks.