enelpol/rag-mini-bioasq-qas-clean · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 13 215	answer stringlengths 2 3.15k	id stringlengths 1 4	relevant_passage_ids sequencelengths 1 157
Is the PTPN22 gene a biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis?	Most association studies have indeed confirmed an association between mutations at the PTPN22 gene and rheumatoid arthritis	1716	[ "20061955", "21542789", "22661644", "19365265", "17666451", "20707220", "21784728", "16257177", "20498205", "21607711", "19445664", "18462498", "21752868", "19404967", "20560812", "20353580", "22427951", "20398001", "16309943", "20017985", "21614018", "17341507", "23242182", "15883854", "19034456", "18648537", "20604892", "16320352", "18398946", "20032229", "19324521", "18812394", "21360494", "18240242", "16380915", "19950324", "20921970", "19856886", "21545847", "18305142", "18535030", "18156150", "19648126" ]
What is known about the role of mHealth in the prevention of disease?	Most reported uses of mHealth are for treatment, we identified report on approaches to child obesity prevention.	1154	[ "23549699", "23992038", "23330022", "22548595", "22920991", "24133558", "24050486", "23624056", "24294329", "24246427", "22548607" ]
Which receptors does bimagrumab block?	Bimagrumab blocks the activin type II receptors.	3958	[ "30095981" ]
is there an increase in ultrasound comets after intense exercise?	Strenuous exercise and exercise perfomed in extreme conditions provoke increase in interstitial pulmonary water content as shown by the increased number of ultrasuond comets	1421	[ "23453728", "21766015", "19997032", "23871437", "16581487", "9372688", "21535186", "15135701", "18926391", "16500505", "21873499", "20972574", "20188217" ]
What is the clinical indication of cardiac T1 mapping magnetic resonance?	T1 mapping can quantitatively characterize myocardial tissue, in particular diffuse and interstitial fibrosis, edema in both overt and subclinical cardiophyopathies. However more research is required before a large-scale application for clinical decision-making can be recommended.	659	[ "23272704", "25424139", "21974927", "23564562", "24425501", "24058912", "24036385", "22161952", "24566951", "23071146", "23549230", "24903343", "23498672", "23498674", "24931636", "12765114", "24124732", "24043965", "17896383", "24576837", "23403334", "22279111", "23845576", "22309452", "22967246", "23408722", "25310419", "22710483", "24518490", "24472162", "23349348", "22720998", "17659622", "23280998", "22903654", "19007595", "23890156", "23643513", "24011774" ]
Is the protein KCNQ2 associated with idiopathic epilepsy?	Yes, sequence variations of the KCNQ2 gene may contribute to the etiology of idiopathic epilepsy	1701	[ "18640800", "19464834", "21937445", "16260777", "18625963", "12458027", "14640909", "17044971", "10323247", "9677360", "10363917", "16302872", "18246739", "10472660", "23182620", "10716662", "10446744", "19818940" ]
What is the effect of carbamazepine on CYP3A4?	Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4.	4039	[ "31650711" ]
What percent of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients are not responding to anti-TNF therapy?	These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond.	4174	[ "17985409", "19211043", "17354663", "21431944", "25733803", "19389230", "25504080", "18713756", "20444755", "16705046", "27974105", "22133052" ]
Which syndrome is associated to SAMHD1 gene mutations?	Mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).	3227	[ "29583030" ]
What is bb21217?	BB21217 is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy used to target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the treatment of multiple myeloma.	4597	[ "32055000", "34256819" ]
What illness is transmitted by the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum?	Amblyomma americanum (Lone star tick) is an important disease vector in the United States. It transmits several human pathogens, including the agents of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and southern tick-associated rash illness [STARI] or Masters disease	2608	[ "26336226", "21940418", "17699076", "19874183", "27729288", "18452807", "28319627", "19819631", "25118421", "19054615", "25618142" ]
What is the target of daratumumab?	Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.	1776	[ "27780867", "24350987", "24971019", "27195659", "27363983", "25975191", "24849305", "26362528", "24555809", "25764134", "26778538", "25531698", "25398450", "27913523", "27557302", "25878332", "25988285", "21109694", "25964097", "26812873", "26631114", "25626316", "27222480", "27859027", "24053207", "25865943", "24253022", "27896689", "26658418", "21187443", "24471924", "26308596", "26137203", "25760767" ]
Which markers are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus?	The markers that are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus are: 1) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 2) beta-chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-CG) and 3) unconjugated oestriol (uE3).	2239	[ "25330176", "15512289", "11084551", "7544745", "18306921", "18839465", "8650125", "21699408", "8630836", "14669430", "10585342", "9166168", "16378329", "10521756", "8624312", "7485343" ]
What is the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative?	The phylum Nematoda is rich and diverse and of interest to a wide range of research fields from basic biology through ecology and parasitic disease. For all these communities, it is now clear that access to genome scale data will be key to advancing understanding, and in the case of parasites, developing new ways to control or cure diseases. The advent of second-generation sequencing technologies, improvements in computing algorithms and infrastructure and growth in bioinformatics and genomics literacy is making the addition of genome sequencing to the research goals of any nematode research program a less daunting prospect. To inspire, promote and coordinate genomic sequencing across the diversity of the phylum, a community wiki and the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative (www.nematodegenomes.org/) has been launched. Just as the deciphering of the developmental lineage of the 959 cells of the adult hermaphrodite C. elegans was the gateway to broad advances in biomedical science, it is anticipated that a nematode phylogeny with (at least) 959 sequenced species will underpin further advances in understanding the origins of parasitism, the dynamics of genomic change and the adaptations that have made Nematoda one of the most successful animal phyla.	2472	[ "22058131", "24058822" ]
Which autophagy pathway is trigered by the KFERQ motif of cytosolic proteins?	Cytosolic proteins carrying the KFERQ motif (a specific lysosomal import consensus sequence) are directed to a selective form of lysosomal degradation, called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), as chaperone protein Hsc73 and other chaperones are involved in this process.	660	[ "16209346", "23404999", "23452232", "24477641", "10938088", "24323530", "19433452", "15149326", "11262416", "12105396", "23880665", "16782460", "23070014" ]
Is hemoglobin antimicrobial?	Yes, Beyond its physiological activity, hemoglobins are able to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms.	4370	[ "31491713", "32504846", "32050591" ]
Are there any functional differences between Mfd and its human Cocaine syndrome protein B (CSB) homolog?	Both Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) and Mfd are involved in transcription-coupled repair. CSB is the human TCR coupling factor and Mfd is the bacterial TCR coupling factor. However, unlike Mfd, CSB does not act as a helicase nor does it dissociate stalled RNA polymerase II, suggesting a coupling mechanism in humans different from that in prokaryotes. Moreover, Mfd may be functionally distinct from its human CSB homolog in that it does not detectably contribute to the recovery of gene expression or global repair following oxidative damage.	353	[ "8999876", "22427630" ]
Which are the typical symptoms of Ménière's disease?	The typical symptoms of Ménière's disease are: 1) sensorineural hearing loss, 2) vertigo and 3) tinnitus.	1997	[ "18229792", "11583396", "1896679", "2610793", "22705835", "11074796", "11936909", "3968944", "12806289", "18046258", "22801040", "1896669", "3631415", "23418296", "12160282", "15198043", "16640061", "21851581" ]
What is the drug Tecfidera used against?	Tecifidera is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.	2636	[ "24259625", "24588595", "26195059", "27226838" ]
What is the mechanism of action of satralizumab?	Satralizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal recycling antibody that has been approved for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).	3995	[ "33167776", "32333898", "31774956", "33011853", "33059216", "30623348", "33301078", "32304439", "32306778", "32731771", "32797372", "32348222", "32228250" ]
Which bacteria cause diphtheria?	Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria: 1) Corynebacterium ulcerans and 2) Corynebacterium diphtheriae.	2028	[ "10932611", "24295558", "22205447", "22568715", "25297035", "14532240", "22583953", "812306", "10220818", "12037265", "25587356", "23163039", "25320226", "24572455", "26607400", "21549738", "23981100", "18583986", "22382258", "22628666", "8784575", "16107839", "23357389", "12661461", "11568853", "25887321", "24106714", "21087580", "25578079", "24293345", "22403045", "16406634", "10598381", "24403054", "21742447", "3112181", "7766139", "1901182" ]
Which genes have been found mutated in Gray platelet syndrome patients?	The genetic defects responsible for gray platelet syndrome are mutations in the genes NBEAL2, GATA1 and GFI1B.	1649	[ "23861251", "21765411", "21765412", "17209061", "21765413", "24325358", "23100277" ]
What is the characteristic domain of histone methyltransferases?	SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zest and trithorax) domain	1348	[ "20084102", "21564555", "15933069", "16055700", "21124902", "10949293", "12389038", "12398767", "19187761", "17338551", "23652029", "17355966", "15659850", "20599755", "14633678", "12887887", "12372304", "21196496", "12514135", "17517655", "16292313", "14522075", "15939934", "12628190", "16519522", "17259630", "23453808", "18693240" ]
What is clathrin?	Clathrin helps build small vesicles in order to safely transport molecules within and between cells.	65	[ "24307937", "19809570", "24257253", "23093191", "12952941", "24280271", "24299503", "21445329", "24322426", "24263003", "22042622" ]
For which indications has midostaurin received FDA and EMA approval?	Midostaurin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) for acute myeloid leukemia with activating FLT3 mutations in combination with intensive induction and consolidation therapy as well as aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN) or mast cell leukemia (MCL).	2937	[ "30069632" ]
Does an interferon (IFN) signature exist for SLE patients?	Interferon type I (IFN-I) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE. An IFN-I score (positive or negative), as a measure of IFN-I activation, is assessed using the expression values of IFN-I signature genes (IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, Ly6e, MxA, IFITM1) in CD14+ monocytes of cSLE patients and healthy controls (HCs).	3543	[ "28830352", "21576205", "29850618", "29321042" ]
Name triad of Wernicke encephalopathy.	Wernicke's encephalopathy is a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion seen in alcoholics with dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.	1715	[ "21519777", "19571457", "14644703", "24620429", "3469966", "21121997", "25550705", "17595443", "22332852", "10328278", "9417174", "23935638", "25515801", "24099834", "24379094", "7424767" ]
Which is the most abundant membrane protein on Earth?	LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere.	1390	[ "19403948", "24018323", "16307124", "23933017", "23298812", "21718685" ]
What is the function of cryptochrome-1 in mouse?	Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) is an essential component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice.	803	[ "21236481", "22140039", "16731656", "18974860", "20825493", "12121621", "15980066", "19405859", "20100521", "12495442", "15047890", "14712914", "20023637", "12381662", "16061665", "22952936", "16777965", "23471982", "19858287", "19833968", "22170608", "22669941" ]
Which polyQ tract protein is linked to Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2?	Ataxin-2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein first identified in humans as responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). The molecular basis of SCA2 is the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in Ataxin-2, encoding a Lsm domain that may bind RNA and a PAM2 motif that enables interaction with the poly (A) binding protein.	718	[ "19625506", "25027299", "24486837", "10973246" ]
What is a benefit of being g6PD-deficient?	Increased resistance to malaria, reduces the risk of coronary diseases, beneficial effect in terms of longevity	1381	[ "9553792", "23479361", "24052930", "23696099", "24188096", "23534950", "3582603", "21403409", "24502194", "24316370", "24152564", "10403541", "21929367", "22639416", "15906719" ]
What treatment was studied in the KEYNOTE-522 trial?	KEYNOTE-522 trial studied adjuvant pembrolizumab for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.	4384	[ "31420357", "32870473", "32709714", "20007090", "32396855", "32101663" ]
What is SCENAR therapy used for?	all patients experienced substantial relief of pain from the first treatment. an electronic biofeedback device (scenar) may be successfully utilized in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia. scenar) as effective in the treatment of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children with nocturnal enuresis. post-herpetic neuralgia using a bioelectronical device (scenar). addition of scenar therapy to the complex conventional pharmacotherapy fastened ulcer healing, increased the effectiveness of helicobacter pylori eradication, and improved the condition of the gastroduodenal mucosa. scenar therapy to patients with localized suppurative peritonitis in the postoperative period. a new technique of low-frequency modulated electric current therapy, scenar therapy, was used in treatment of 103 patients with duodenal ulcer (du).	1127	[ "20396722", "20879466", "8779182", "16924799" ]
What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)?	To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of esophageal achalasia	2895	[ "27638274", "26171430", "27901639", "29218664", "26108140", "28549006", "28145968", "28472017", "27338580", "29410262", "30341655", "25783358" ]
What is the cause of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum?	Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis.	894	[ "20339456", "12898406", "12523816", "22707338", "26451147", "24909484", "24157356", "16903509", "19728949", "24556565", "23993722" ]
What is the role of PCAT6 in human cancers?	PCAT6, is a carcinogenic lncRNA. It is abnormally elevated in various human malignant tumors. PCAT6 has been found to sponge various miRNAs to activate the signaling pathways, which further affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. It is believed to have diagnostic and prognostic value and clinical applications in various human malignancies.	4707	[ "34885209", "31676070" ]
Does tremelimumab improve survival of mesothelioma patients?	No. Tremelimumab did not significantly prolong overall survival compared with placebo in patients with previously treated malignant mesothelioma.	2876	[ "28729154", "29773326", "28231719" ]
Is Sotatercept effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?	Sotatercept was shown to be effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.	4419	[ "33789009", "33733610" ]
Was vivotif licensed in Europe and the US at the same time?	No, vivotif was licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the US in 1989.	3711	[ "28515625" ]
Does GC content vary markedly within a given isochore?	Isochores are relatively long regions with a relatively homogeneous GC content, and with rather sharp boundaries with neighboring isochores. The base composition, and thus the GC content may differ between different isochores, but is more or less consistent within a given isochore.	766	[ "17317955", "20948965", "21795750", "19108743", "14962664", "9254920", "11591467", "19443854", "21669806", "17057231", "22934101", "16623701", "15978039", "18092827", "11319260", "17674077", "12468094", "17389148" ]
What is the link between HOT regions and RNA polymerase recruitment?	Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes. At HOT promoters, TF occupancy is strongly predictive of transcription preinitiation complex recruitment and moderately predictive of initiating Pol II recruitment, but only weakly predictive of elongating Pol II and RNA transcript abundance.	586	[ "24138567" ]
Which is the target protein of the drug nivolumab?	Nivolumab was developed as a monoclonal antibody against programmed death receptor-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor which negatively regulates T-cell proliferation and activation.	590	[ "26406148", "25897158", "26027431", "26273207", "26448890", "26028407" ]
List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats	Huntington's Disease, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy	2717	[ "22905336", "10434299", "9735324", "10381356" ]
Can Diabetes be caused by a defect in a potassium chanel?	Mutations in the KATP channel can lead to neonatal diabetes.	1846	[ "27118464", "25931474", "24827651", "15746700" ]
How does adrenergic signaling affect thyroid hormone receptors?	alpha1- adrenergic signalling increases TRalpha1 expression in nucleus and decreases TRalpha1 expression in cytosol.	1232	[ "18622044" ]
From which sequence does the Alu repeat originate from?	The presence of Alu-like structural motifs supports the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of Alu and B1 repeats, i.e., from a common 7SL RNA-derived retroposing monomeric element, The origin of Alu subfamilies in human populations may be related to evolution of chromosome Y.	1093	[ "16343813", "8576966", "12815945", "9694666", "12167372", "9395063" ]
Is siltuximab effective for Castleman disease?	Yes, siltuximab , a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody to IL6, is approved for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman disease who are human immunodeficiency virus negative and human herpesvirus-8 negative.	2021	[ "25310208", "20625121", "25873122", "25685858", "25736164", "26327301", "25784388", "25601959", "26749192", "26394632", "27152394", "26124203", "26869762", "25884809", "25110138", "25042199", "26634298", "23659971" ]
What is known about the value of mindfulness interventions in prostate cancer patients?	In prostate cancer patients, mindfulness interventions were well accepted and were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, avoidance, fear of cancer recurrence, cortisol levels and blood pressure, and improving quality of life, sleep quality and immune system functioning. In addition, mindfulness interventions promoted initiation of healthy dietary changes and decreases the rate of PSA increase and may slow the rate of tumor progression in cases of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.	394	[ "11696736", "12883107", "7776900", "14749092", "22853988", "22442202", "17521871", "16685074", "18400281", "21625914", "23442556" ]
What does the strimvelis treatment consist of?	Strimvelis consists of autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA].	3197	[ "29625577" ]
List bacteria that may be useful in uranium bioremediation.	The main bacteria studied in uranium bioremediation are Geobacteraceae. Other bacteria are: Firmicutes, Shewanella oneidensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain Rf4T	1314	[ "19717633", "18450691", "18497157", "16204552", "19129865", "20010635", "22510989", "22432531", "18843300", "11976101", "23416228", "18378664", "22327592", "19346346", "12788780", "12368813", "12626092", "23446832", "18279349", "15819846", "23894087", "21255372", "23038171", "19651424", "21261921", "18059491", "18451051", "21337330", "21112694", "23275510" ]
How does botulism toxin act on the muscle?	. The seven immunologically distinct serotypes of BoNTs (A-G), each produced by various strains of Clostridium botulinum, act on the neuromuscular junction by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis.	2980	[ "14747968", "28569348", "1311751", "20178376", "9339823" ]
What is hyperosmia	Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity	131	[ "24302690", "23520356", "21250223" ]
What is the the Menzerath-Altmann law?	Recently, a random breakage model has been proposed to explain the negative correlation between mean chromosome length and chromosome number that is found in many groups of species and is consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law, a statistical law that defines the dependency between the mean size of the whole and the number of parts in quantitative linguistics. The random breakage and variants keeping genome size and chromosome number independent raise no serious objection to the relevance of correlations consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law across taxonomic groups and the possibility of a connection between human language and genomes through that law.	1481	[ "22197514" ]
What is Morton's Neuroma?	Morton's neuroma (MN) is a neuralgia involving the common plantar digital nerves of the metatarsal region.	4406	[ "2794625", "1919367", "26963851", "32013586", "14677525", "26815264", "32674597", "31718949", "24960551", "15266472", "33179062", "33012024", "32555077", "22694086", "32701133", "22811757", "33168237", "31177965", "20882801", "28030965", "34258038", "20086908" ]
What is PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance?	PARPi has been designed and tested for many years and became a potential supplement for the conventional chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence indicates the appearance of the resistance to this treatment. Specifically, cancer cells may acquire new mutations or events that overcome the positive effect of these drugs.	2596	[ "28255272", "28510338", "28069876" ]
What is the mechanism of the drug CRT0066101?	Recently developed small molecule PKD inhibitors, CID755673 and CRT0066101, provide potentially important pharmacological approaches to further investigate the effect of PKD in pancreatitis therapy	3064	[ "26797128", "26895471", "20947701", "29270134", "29071385", "27030010", "25852060", "20442301" ]
Which syndrome is caused by deletion of Pds5b in mice?	Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein Pds5b exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome.	2094	[ "19412548", "17652350" ]
Name a CFL2 mutation which is associated with nemaline myopathy?	A mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, namely a homozygous missense mutation in exon 2 (c.19G>A, p.Val7Met).	3179	[ "22560515" ]
What are the 3 types of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation?	Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen, is classified depending on the wavelength, into three regions; short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), mid-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320- 400 nm)	2732	[ "24891049", "11100018", "23834148", "16117741" ]
What does the human IVIG treatment for Alzheimer's disease contain?	Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a mixture of polyclonal IgG antibodies isolated and pooled from thousands of healthy human donors.	2371	[ "25115546" ]
What is the function of WAPL protein on cohesin?	Human Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase We show that the human ortholog of Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that facilitates cohesin's timely release from chromosome arms during prophase.	3719	[ "29447171", "23034634", "28424523", "27797072", "24055153", "17113138", "17112726", "29217591", "28475897", "17141150" ]
What is the trade name of sildenafil?	The trade name of sildenafil is Viagra.	3454	[ "25984278" ]
What is Tn-seq?	The transposon mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing (Tn-seq) is a technique that allows for quantitative assessment of individual mutants within a transposon mutant library by sequencing the transposon-genome junctions and then compiling mutant presence by mapping to a base genome. Using Tn-seq, it is possible to quickly define all the insertional mutants in a library and thus identify nonessential genes under the conditions in which the library was produced. Identification of fitness of individual mutants under specific conditions can be performed by exposing the library to selective pressures.	834	[ "21053251", "25636611", "24077707", "19767758", "21253457", "23990803", "22925268", "25139902" ]
Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for what disease/syndrome/condition?	Salivary cortisone , as a biomarker for psychosocial stress , is associated with state anxiety and heart rate . ortisol as a stress biomarker	3203	[ "29455296", "23969030", "28375882", "27014891", "22812714", "27686043", "23971022", "25773457", "30488082", "30408721", "21838298", "23332247", "29747642", "23017499", "19095358", "20685855" ]
List symptoms of Hakim Triad.	Triad of Hakim--Adams is well known for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): dementia, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence.	729	[ "21698923", "19823916", "6583309", "20568668", "21194654" ]
When is lorlatinib used?	Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mutations, including the solvent-front mutation G1202R.	4495	[ "34589977", "34585621", "34548910" ]
What is the genetic basis of the Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome (DSPS)?	Circadian gene mutations are also associated with circadian rhythm disorders such as familial advanced sleep phase syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. Possible association of human leucocyte antigen DR1 with delayed sleep phase syndrome. The study investigated the human leucocyte antigen (HLA), types A, B and DR, of 42 patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and compared the frequencies of the antigens with those in 117 healthy controls. The comparison revealed that the gene frequencies and positivities of HLA-A, -B and -DR, except for DR1, had no significant differences between the patients and controls. The frequency of HLA-DR1 was increased in the DSPS patients as compared with that in the healthy controls (P = 0.0069 in positivity). In human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, the incidence of DR1 positivity alone was significantly higher in DSPS patients than in healthy subjects.	2333	[ "11186112", "12736803", "11306557", "15700718", "19708722", "12841365", "11763990", "10498237" ]
List inflammatory caspase proteins?	caspase-1 caspase-4 caspase-5	534	[ "25943872", "22195746", "21880711", "19927353", "21051981", "20401456", "22895188", "24280500", "20401526", "20514521", "20541850", "23215645" ]
Does vesatolimod inhibit TLR7?	No, vesatolimod is an agonist of toll-like receptor 7.	2796	[ "29104121" ]
Which drugs were tested in the CheckMate 227 clinical trial?	CheckMate-227 clinical trial tested ipilimumab plus nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.	3525	[ "29658845", "30393621", "27610613", "31066582", "31195357", "29661758" ]
Can multiple myeloma patients develop hyperviscosity syndrome?	Yes, multiple myeloma patients can develop hyperviscosity syndrome. Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic plasma-cell disorder resulting from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It can cause a hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to the paraproteinaemia associated with the disease. The increased hyperviscosity can lead to retinal vein occlusions and other ocular problems.	2451	[ "2385441", "29159010", "7699907", "9046114", "28116769", "26181153", "25778852", "26623375", "27079282", "28983379", "25383860", "29136724", "6155195", "28550239" ]
Is CTCF bound at nucleosome free regions?	yes, robust inter-nucleosomal interactions exist around transcription start site (TSS), transcription termination sites (TTS) or around CTCF binding sites	3362	[ "25348714", "30414923", "30188887", "21249180", "16877759" ]
Is p100 the precursor protein molecule of the NF-kappaB transcription factor subunit p50?	No, the precursor molecule for NF-kappaB p50 is p105 and not p100. Nfkb2 encodes two members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family of proteins: p52 and p100. The p100 polypeptide has been proposed to serve as a precursor of p52 (and not of p50), which corresponds to the N-terminal half of p100. NF-kappaB functions as a hetero- or homo-dimer which can be formed from five NF-kappaB subunits, NF-kappaB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), NF-kappaB2 (p52 and its precursor p100), RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel.	1329	[ "19302050", "17693123", "10597218", "12505990", "22282470", "15485830", "11158290", "16223731", "12894228", "20363924", "8649779", "8398903", "10207090", "12556537", "15677466", "11726516", "8710364", "13679070" ]
How many groups of viruses exist in the Baltimore Classification?	There are seven "Baltimore classes" (BCs) that define the major features of virus reproduction.	3974	[ "32132243", "28588308" ]
List mutations that are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome.	GFI1B and NBEAL2 mutations are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome.	998	[ "23861251", "21765412", "25258341", "21765413", "24325358", "23100277" ]
What are TAMs in cancer therapy?	TAMs are Tumor Associated Macrophages and are important in Cancer therapy.	4267	[ "25620672", "34515617", "34006822", "33568427", "29436395", "33881837", "32708142", "34695762", "34060821", "32445205", "34469109", "28341752", "33050070", "34276698", "29730267", "31704343", "29691294" ]
What is vesiduction?	'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer.	4306	[ "32784449", "32363801" ]
What is the aim of the METABRIC project?	The METABRIC [Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium] cohort aims at the integration of genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 2000 breast tumours.	2891	[ "30097312", "28620450", "26671300", "22912679", "29532008", "26132585", "29727689", "26813959", "26354892", "19948017", "27312051", "30181556", "26770261", "28472085", "27634906", "23106814" ]
Does SARM1 deletion cause neurodegeneration?	Mouse strain with Sarm1 deletion (Sarm1-/-) is highly resistant to axon neurodegeneration.	2619	[ "26820848" ]
Which is the definition of pyknons in DNA?	Pyknons are non-random sequence patterns significantly repeated throughout non-coding genomic DNA, which have additional nonoverlapping instances in the untranslated and protein-coding regions. They are found more frequently in the 3' untranslated regions of genes than in other regions of the human genome.	408	[ "16636294", "19833446", "19229130", "19452047", "16751093", "19052667" ]
What is PRL3-zumab?	PRL3-zumab is a first-in-class humanized antibody (PRL3-zumab) against PRL-3, an intracellular tumor-associated phosphatase upregulated in multiple human cancers, for unconventional cancer immunotherapies. PRL3-zumab specifically blocked PRL-3+, but not PRL-3-, orthotopic gastric tumors. In this setting, PRL3-zumab had better therapeutic efficacy as a monotherapy, rather than simultaneous combination with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil alone. PRL3-zumab could also prevent PRL-3+ tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, we found that intracellular PRL-3 antigens could be externalized to become "extracellular oncotargets" that serve as bait for PRL3-zumab binding to potentially bridge and recruit immunocytes into tumor microenvironments for killing effects on cancer cells.	3578	[ "27699276" ]
Which two drugs are included in the Entresto pill?	Entresto includes Sacubitril and Valsartan.	2932	[ "29398176", "27284124", "27804100", "30084228", "28944989", "29352367", "30276760", "26976916", "26417173", "27697814", "28883863", "29469206", "28824789", "28676030", "29532764", "26466333", "29375230", "26975167" ]
Which are the consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease?	The consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease is: 1) The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) 2) Impaired glutamate metabolism 3) Decreased tau affinity for microtubules binding 4) Dendritic and axonal instability 5) Synaptic degeneration 6) Neuronal loss.	1787	[ "23340677", "7666054", "19459590", "19525898", "22203915", "24448785", "23946388", "25220759", "9427351", "9084440", "22110363", "10214944", "21715616", "22536363", "19451179", "22315694", "23640887", "20678074", "8960316", "26258756", "23805125", "20942790", "17372746", "24788298", "9832145", "25031639", "12214106", "24965601", "16793187", "7616230", "15450610", "17906291", "17662457", "11052669" ]
Which is the major function of sororin?	Sororin is a positive regulator of sister chromatid cohesion that interacts with the cohesin complex.	1213	[ "21111234", "21115494", "25266476", "22101327", "23901111", "25220052", "22580470", "25092791", "25092792", "25173175", "25257309", "25257310", "24141881" ]
Which gene is required for the efficient function of clopidogrel?	The prodrug clopidogrel requires activation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes for its antiplatelet effect. Variability in clopidogrel response might be influenced by polymorphisms in genes coding for drug metabolism enzymes (cytochrome P450 CYP2C19), transport proteins (P-glycoprotein) and/or target proteins for the drug (adenosine diphosphate-receptor P2Y12). The CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles had a gene dose effect on the pharmacodynamics and composite ischemic events of clopidogrel in our study population. Neither the ABCB1 nor the PON1 genotype significantly influenced the antiplatelet effect and clinical outcomes of clopidogrel in these patients	83	[ "23150151", "15933261", "19463375", "21099121", "21806387", "23506580", "20826260" ]
When was empagliflozin FDA approved?	Empagliflozin was approved in 2014 by the European Commission and the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	330	[ "25712444" ]
Abnormalities in which chromosomes were linked to the Moyamoya disease?	chromosomes 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 17, 21, X and Y were implicated in the Moyamoya disease.	198	[ "11037190", "21968521", "20635402", "8898827", "18463369", "15362573", "22436252", "22426657", "23966756", "9973290", "16723886", "9128751", "20644152", "23077562", "21596366", "21048783", "23713105", "10754001", "15340753", "18576213", "19335127", "17431895", "19918425", "24167642", "15675355", "15675354", "18174554", "16164190", "10757474", "16475235", "17138018", "8937199", "21631222" ]
Is it possible to analyze exosomes with FACS?	Yes, a novel strategy for generating metabolically-labeled fluorescent exosomes that can be counted by flow cytometry assay (FACS) and characterized.	3169	[ "30290833", "26598503", "29783743", "26154623" ]
What is the mechanism of action of geldanamycin?	Geldanamycin is an ansamycin antibiotic which holds the ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. Additionally, it can induce inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins dissociated from the 90 kDa chaperone and, eventually, cause apoptosis in a variety of cell types.	1730	[ "21525416", "20534344", "18001136", "9817749", "23986774", "15971989", "23701727" ]
Have apolipoprotein mimetics been used in clinical trials?	Yes, apolipoprotein mimetics have entered clinical trials.	3189	[ "25157031" ]
What is the role of the Ada O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferase in bacteria?	The Ada O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a multifunctional protein, product of the ada gene. Ada functions in DNA repair by direct dealkylation of alkylated DNA lesions, such as the toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkG) and O4-alkylthymine (O4-AlkT) which are restored to guanine and thymine. Ada accepts stoichiometrically the alkyl group from O6-alkylguanine in DNA at the Cys-321 residue and from alkyl phosphotriester at the Cys-69 residue. When methylated at Cys-69, Ada becomes a transcriptional activator of the genes in the ada regulon, including its own. The ada gene controls the inducible resistance to alkylation mutagenesis and killing (the adaptive response). Ada alkyltransferase (ATase) is induced by exposure to low doses of methylating agents. During exponential growth, Ada removes lesions responsible for G:C to A:T transitions and G:C to C:G transversions, while in stationary populations it removes lesions causing G:C to A:T and A:T to G:C transitions, and G:C to C:G, A:T to C:G, and A:T to T:A transversions. Thus, Ada protein acts both as a positive regulator of the ada response and as a DNA repair enzyme.	1494	[ "10101186", "9366274", "7662116", "8512805", "7695814", "8195077", "9079656", "8152424", "1520330", "3526284", "3887409", "9484244", "8519412", "9717173", "7634390", "2105461", "1747932" ]
Describe the application of whole genome sequencing in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)	Genetic testing is an important component of diagnosing PCD, especially in cases of atypical disease history. WGS is effective in cases where prior gene panel testing has found no variants or only heterozygous variants. In these cases it may detect SVs and is a powerful tool for novel gene discovery.	4323	[ "34556108" ]
What is known about growth arrest-specific 6 protein?	Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein secreted by immune cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Recent studies indicate that Gas6 and receptors of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) family may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance.	4172	[ "30346880", "32969596", "31583710" ]
Where are integrins localized in a cell?	Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are broadly distributed in living organisms.	3890	[ "32584192", "32950537" ]
Which type of pluripotency is Otx2 associated with?	transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Otx2 and Oct4 drive early activation during embryonic stem cell transition from naive pluripotency.	3809	[ "24338594", "27924227", "27292645", "32367046", "30567463", "29056334", "23154415", "24905168", "27019633", "23719282", "27732856", "27920151", "21062744", "27392793", "30413530", "23954875", "24931607", "30349051" ]
What is the tradename of apixaban?	The tradename of apixaban is Eliquis.	3088	[ "23677804" ]
Are genes symmetrically distributed between leading and lagging DNA strand in bacteria?	In most bacteria, genes are preferentially encoded on the leading strand than on the lagging strand. This avoids the potentially detrimental head-on collisions that occur between the replication and transcription machineries when genes are encoded on the lagging strand. Head-on collisions are more deleterious than codirectional collisions, and may lead to replication fork arrest and genomic instability. Genes of some functional categories such as ribosome have higher preferences to be on the leading strands, while genes of other functional categories such as transcription factor have higher preferences on the lagging strands. Strand-biased gene distribution correlates with replication-associated purine asymmetry and the presence or absence of polC. Especially essential and highly transcribed genes and genes whose expression is important for fitness are more preferentially situated at the leading strand in bacteria.	1414	[ "24273314", "19221094", "12217498", "20600808", "14743977", "15942025", "25425232", "23538833", "11677621", "20417622", "17532183", "21350489", "15823418", "22735706" ]
Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for which disease?	Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for atopic dermatitis.	4369	[ "32640132", "33735876", "33644104", "29753033", "33711179", "34213742", "33924978", "32074418", "34726262", "33045848", "32507066", "31449914", "28249150", "28703903" ]
Are conserved noncoding elements associated with the evolution of animal body plans?	Yes. Cis-regulatory inputs identified by CNEs arose during the "re-wiring" of regulatory interactions that occurred during early animal evolution. Consequently, different animal groups, with different core GRNs, contain alternative sets of CNEs. Due to the subsequent stability of animal body plans, these core regulatory sequences have been evolving in parallel under strong purifying selection in different animal groups.	1343	[ "19492354" ]
Which treatment leads to an increase in neutrophil counts in severe congenital neutropenia?	In phase I/II/III studies in patients with severe congenital and cyclic neutropenia, treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-metHuG-CSF) resulted in a rise in the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and a reduction in infections	460	[ "7529539", "1705835", "2683920", "10779444", "21052952", "1689595", "16822461" ]

Is the PTPN22 gene a biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Most association studies have indeed confirmed an association between mutations at the PTPN22 gene and rheumatoid arthritis

1716

[ "20061955", "21542789", "22661644", "19365265", "17666451", "20707220", "21784728", "16257177", "20498205", "21607711", "19445664", "18462498", "21752868", "19404967", "20560812", "20353580", "22427951", "20398001", "16309943", "20017985", "21614018", "17341507", "23242182", "15883854", "19034456", "18648537", "20604892", "16320352", "18398946", "20032229", "19324521", "18812394", "21360494", "18240242", "16380915", "19950324", "20921970", "19856886", "21545847", "18305142", "18535030", "18156150", "19648126" ]

What is known about the role of mHealth in the prevention of disease?

Most reported uses of mHealth are for treatment, we identified report on approaches to child obesity prevention.

1154

[ "23549699", "23992038", "23330022", "22548595", "22920991", "24133558", "24050486", "23624056", "24294329", "24246427", "22548607" ]

Which receptors does bimagrumab block?

Bimagrumab blocks the activin type II receptors.

3958

[ "30095981" ]

is there an increase in ultrasound comets after intense exercise?

Strenuous exercise and exercise perfomed in extreme conditions provoke increase in interstitial pulmonary water content as shown by the increased number of ultrasuond comets

1421

[ "23453728", "21766015", "19997032", "23871437", "16581487", "9372688", "21535186", "15135701", "18926391", "16500505", "21873499", "20972574", "20188217" ]

What is the clinical indication of cardiac T1 mapping magnetic resonance?

T1 mapping can quantitatively characterize myocardial tissue, in particular diffuse and interstitial fibrosis, edema in both overt and subclinical cardiophyopathies. However more research is required before a large-scale application for clinical decision-making can be recommended.

659

[ "23272704", "25424139", "21974927", "23564562", "24425501", "24058912", "24036385", "22161952", "24566951", "23071146", "23549230", "24903343", "23498672", "23498674", "24931636", "12765114", "24124732", "24043965", "17896383", "24576837", "23403334", "22279111", "23845576", "22309452", "22967246", "23408722", "25310419", "22710483", "24518490", "24472162", "23349348", "22720998", "17659622", "23280998", "22903654", "19007595", "23890156", "23643513", "24011774" ]

Is the protein KCNQ2 associated with idiopathic epilepsy?

Yes, sequence variations of the KCNQ2 gene may contribute to the etiology of idiopathic epilepsy

1701

[ "18640800", "19464834", "21937445", "16260777", "18625963", "12458027", "14640909", "17044971", "10323247", "9677360", "10363917", "16302872", "18246739", "10472660", "23182620", "10716662", "10446744", "19818940" ]

What is the effect of carbamazepine on CYP3A4?

Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4.

4039

[ "31650711" ]

What percent of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients are not responding to anti-TNF therapy?

These therapies are, however, expensive and 30% of patients fail to respond.

4174

[ "17985409", "19211043", "17354663", "21431944", "25733803", "19389230", "25504080", "18713756", "20444755", "16705046", "27974105", "22133052" ]

Which syndrome is associated to SAMHD1 gene mutations?

Mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).

3227

[ "29583030" ]

What is bb21217?

BB21217 is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy used to target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

4597

[ "32055000", "34256819" ]

What illness is transmitted by the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum?

Amblyomma americanum (Lone star tick) is an important disease vector in the United States. It transmits several human pathogens, including the agents of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and southern tick-associated rash illness [STARI] or Masters disease

2608

[ "26336226", "21940418", "17699076", "19874183", "27729288", "18452807", "28319627", "19819631", "25118421", "19054615", "25618142" ]

What is the target of daratumumab?

Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.

1776

[ "27780867", "24350987", "24971019", "27195659", "27363983", "25975191", "24849305", "26362528", "24555809", "25764134", "26778538", "25531698", "25398450", "27913523", "27557302", "25878332", "25988285", "21109694", "25964097", "26812873", "26631114", "25626316", "27222480", "27859027", "24053207", "25865943", "24253022", "27896689", "26658418", "21187443", "24471924", "26308596", "26137203", "25760767" ]

Which markers are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus?

The markers that are screened with the triple test for the detection of syndromes in fetus are: 1) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 2) beta-chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-CG) and 3) unconjugated oestriol (uE3).

2239

[ "25330176", "15512289", "11084551", "7544745", "18306921", "18839465", "8650125", "21699408", "8630836", "14669430", "10585342", "9166168", "16378329", "10521756", "8624312", "7485343" ]

What is the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative?

The phylum Nematoda is rich and diverse and of interest to a wide range of research fields from basic biology through ecology and parasitic disease. For all these communities, it is now clear that access to genome scale data will be key to advancing understanding, and in the case of parasites, developing new ways to control or cure diseases. The advent of second-generation sequencing technologies, improvements in computing algorithms and infrastructure and growth in bioinformatics and genomics literacy is making the addition of genome sequencing to the research goals of any nematode research program a less daunting prospect. To inspire, promote and coordinate genomic sequencing across the diversity of the phylum, a community wiki and the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative (www.nematodegenomes.org/) has been launched. Just as the deciphering of the developmental lineage of the 959 cells of the adult hermaphrodite C. elegans was the gateway to broad advances in biomedical science, it is anticipated that a nematode phylogeny with (at least) 959 sequenced species will underpin further advances in understanding the origins of parasitism, the dynamics of genomic change and the adaptations that have made Nematoda one of the most successful animal phyla.

2472

[ "22058131", "24058822" ]

Which autophagy pathway is trigered by the KFERQ motif of cytosolic proteins?

Cytosolic proteins carrying the KFERQ motif (a specific lysosomal import consensus sequence) are directed to a selective form of lysosomal degradation, called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), as chaperone protein Hsc73 and other chaperones are involved in this process.

660

[ "16209346", "23404999", "23452232", "24477641", "10938088", "24323530", "19433452", "15149326", "11262416", "12105396", "23880665", "16782460", "23070014" ]

Is hemoglobin antimicrobial?

Yes, Beyond its physiological activity, hemoglobins are able to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms.

4370

[ "31491713", "32504846", "32050591" ]

Are there any functional differences between Mfd and its human Cocaine syndrome protein B (CSB) homolog?

Both Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) and Mfd are involved in transcription-coupled repair. CSB is the human TCR coupling factor and Mfd is the bacterial TCR coupling factor. However, unlike Mfd, CSB does not act as a helicase nor does it dissociate stalled RNA polymerase II, suggesting a coupling mechanism in humans different from that in prokaryotes. Moreover, Mfd may be functionally distinct from its human CSB homolog in that it does not detectably contribute to the recovery of gene expression or global repair following oxidative damage.

353

[ "8999876", "22427630" ]

Which are the typical symptoms of Ménière's disease?

The typical symptoms of Ménière's disease are: 1) sensorineural hearing loss, 2) vertigo and 3) tinnitus.

1997

[ "18229792", "11583396", "1896679", "2610793", "22705835", "11074796", "11936909", "3968944", "12806289", "18046258", "22801040", "1896669", "3631415", "23418296", "12160282", "15198043", "16640061", "21851581" ]

What is the drug Tecfidera used against?

Tecifidera is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

2636

[ "24259625", "24588595", "26195059", "27226838" ]

What is the mechanism of action of satralizumab?

Satralizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal recycling antibody that has been approved for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

3995

[ "33167776", "32333898", "31774956", "33011853", "33059216", "30623348", "33301078", "32304439", "32306778", "32731771", "32797372", "32348222", "32228250" ]

Which bacteria cause diphtheria?

Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria: 1) Corynebacterium ulcerans and 2) Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

2028

[ "10932611", "24295558", "22205447", "22568715", "25297035", "14532240", "22583953", "812306", "10220818", "12037265", "25587356", "23163039", "25320226", "24572455", "26607400", "21549738", "23981100", "18583986", "22382258", "22628666", "8784575", "16107839", "23357389", "12661461", "11568853", "25887321", "24106714", "21087580", "25578079", "24293345", "22403045", "16406634", "10598381", "24403054", "21742447", "3112181", "7766139", "1901182" ]

Which genes have been found mutated in Gray platelet syndrome patients?

The genetic defects responsible for gray platelet syndrome are mutations in the genes NBEAL2, GATA1 and GFI1B.

1649

[ "23861251", "21765411", "21765412", "17209061", "21765413", "24325358", "23100277" ]

What is the characteristic domain of histone methyltransferases?

SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zest and trithorax) domain

1348

[ "20084102", "21564555", "15933069", "16055700", "21124902", "10949293", "12389038", "12398767", "19187761", "17338551", "23652029", "17355966", "15659850", "20599755", "14633678", "12887887", "12372304", "21196496", "12514135", "17517655", "16292313", "14522075", "15939934", "12628190", "16519522", "17259630", "23453808", "18693240" ]

What is clathrin?

Clathrin helps build small vesicles in order to safely transport molecules within and between cells.

65

[ "24307937", "19809570", "24257253", "23093191", "12952941", "24280271", "24299503", "21445329", "24322426", "24263003", "22042622" ]

For which indications has midostaurin received FDA and EMA approval?

Midostaurin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) for acute myeloid leukemia with activating FLT3 mutations in combination with intensive induction and consolidation therapy as well as aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN) or mast cell leukemia (MCL).

2937

[ "30069632" ]

Does an interferon (IFN) signature exist for SLE patients?

Interferon type I (IFN-I) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE. An IFN-I score (positive or negative), as a measure of IFN-I activation, is assessed using the expression values of IFN-I signature genes (IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, Ly6e, MxA, IFITM1) in CD14+ monocytes of cSLE patients and healthy controls (HCs).

3543

[ "28830352", "21576205", "29850618", "29321042" ]

Name triad of Wernicke encephalopathy.

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion seen in alcoholics with dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.

1715

[ "21519777", "19571457", "14644703", "24620429", "3469966", "21121997", "25550705", "17595443", "22332852", "10328278", "9417174", "23935638", "25515801", "24099834", "24379094", "7424767" ]

Which is the most abundant membrane protein on Earth?

LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere.

1390

[ "19403948", "24018323", "16307124", "23933017", "23298812", "21718685" ]

What is the function of cryptochrome-1 in mouse?

Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) is an essential component of the central and peripheral circadian clocks for generation of circadian rhythms in mice.

803

[ "21236481", "22140039", "16731656", "18974860", "20825493", "12121621", "15980066", "19405859", "20100521", "12495442", "15047890", "14712914", "20023637", "12381662", "16061665", "22952936", "16777965", "23471982", "19858287", "19833968", "22170608", "22669941" ]

Which polyQ tract protein is linked to Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2?

Ataxin-2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein first identified in humans as responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). The molecular basis of SCA2 is the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in Ataxin-2, encoding a Lsm domain that may bind RNA and a PAM2 motif that enables interaction with the poly (A) binding protein.

718

[ "19625506", "25027299", "24486837", "10973246" ]

What is a benefit of being g6PD-deficient?

Increased resistance to malaria, reduces the risk of coronary diseases, beneficial effect in terms of longevity

1381

[ "9553792", "23479361", "24052930", "23696099", "24188096", "23534950", "3582603", "21403409", "24502194", "24316370", "24152564", "10403541", "21929367", "22639416", "15906719" ]

What treatment was studied in the KEYNOTE-522 trial?

KEYNOTE-522 trial studied adjuvant pembrolizumab for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

4384

[ "31420357", "32870473", "32709714", "20007090", "32396855", "32101663" ]

What is SCENAR therapy used for?

all patients experienced substantial relief of pain from the first treatment. an electronic biofeedback device (scenar) may be successfully utilized in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia. scenar) as effective in the treatment of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in children with nocturnal enuresis. post-herpetic neuralgia using a bioelectronical device (scenar). addition of scenar therapy to the complex conventional pharmacotherapy fastened ulcer healing, increased the effectiveness of helicobacter pylori eradication, and improved the condition of the gastroduodenal mucosa. scenar therapy to patients with localized suppurative peritonitis in the postoperative period. a new technique of low-frequency modulated electric current therapy, scenar therapy, was used in treatment of 103 patients with duodenal ulcer (du).

1127

[ "20396722", "20879466", "8779182", "16924799" ]

What disease is treated with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)?

To compare the outcome of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of esophageal achalasia

2895

[ "27638274", "26171430", "27901639", "29218664", "26108140", "28549006", "28145968", "28472017", "27338580", "29410262", "30341655", "25783358" ]

What is the cause of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum?

Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis.

894

[ "20339456", "12898406", "12523816", "22707338", "26451147", "24909484", "24157356", "16903509", "19728949", "24556565", "23993722" ]

What is the role of PCAT6 in human cancers?

PCAT6, is a carcinogenic lncRNA. It is abnormally elevated in various human malignant tumors. PCAT6 has been found to sponge various miRNAs to activate the signaling pathways, which further affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. It is believed to have diagnostic and prognostic value and clinical applications in various human malignancies.

4707

[ "34885209", "31676070" ]

Does tremelimumab improve survival of mesothelioma patients?

No. Tremelimumab did not significantly prolong overall survival compared with placebo in patients with previously treated malignant mesothelioma.

2876

[ "28729154", "29773326", "28231719" ]

Is Sotatercept effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?

Sotatercept was shown to be effective for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

4419

[ "33789009", "33733610" ]

Was vivotif licensed in Europe and the US at the same time?

No, vivotif was licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the US in 1989.

3711

[ "28515625" ]

Does GC content vary markedly within a given isochore?

Isochores are relatively long regions with a relatively homogeneous GC content, and with rather sharp boundaries with neighboring isochores. The base composition, and thus the GC content may differ between different isochores, but is more or less consistent within a given isochore.

766

[ "17317955", "20948965", "21795750", "19108743", "14962664", "9254920", "11591467", "19443854", "21669806", "17057231", "22934101", "16623701", "15978039", "18092827", "11319260", "17674077", "12468094", "17389148" ]

What is the link between HOT regions and RNA polymerase recruitment?

Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes. At HOT promoters, TF occupancy is strongly predictive of transcription preinitiation complex recruitment and moderately predictive of initiating Pol II recruitment, but only weakly predictive of elongating Pol II and RNA transcript abundance.

586

[ "24138567" ]

Which is the target protein of the drug nivolumab?

Nivolumab was developed as a monoclonal antibody against programmed death receptor-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor which negatively regulates T-cell proliferation and activation.

590

[ "26406148", "25897158", "26027431", "26273207", "26448890", "26028407" ]

List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats

Huntington's Disease, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy

2717

[ "22905336", "10434299", "9735324", "10381356" ]

Can Diabetes be caused by a defect in a potassium chanel?

Mutations in the KATP channel can lead to neonatal diabetes.

1846

[ "27118464", "25931474", "24827651", "15746700" ]

How does adrenergic signaling affect thyroid hormone receptors?

alpha1- adrenergic signalling increases TRalpha1 expression in nucleus and decreases TRalpha1 expression in cytosol.

1232

[ "18622044" ]

From which sequence does the Alu repeat originate from?

The presence of Alu-like structural motifs supports the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of Alu and B1 repeats, i.e., from a common 7SL RNA-derived retroposing monomeric element, The origin of Alu subfamilies in human populations may be related to evolution of chromosome Y.

1093

[ "16343813", "8576966", "12815945", "9694666", "12167372", "9395063" ]

Is siltuximab effective for Castleman disease?

Yes, siltuximab , a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody to IL6, is approved for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman disease who are human immunodeficiency virus negative and human herpesvirus-8 negative.

2021

[ "25310208", "20625121", "25873122", "25685858", "25736164", "26327301", "25784388", "25601959", "26749192", "26394632", "27152394", "26124203", "26869762", "25884809", "25110138", "25042199", "26634298", "23659971" ]

What is known about the value of mindfulness interventions in prostate cancer patients?

In prostate cancer patients, mindfulness interventions were well accepted and were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, avoidance, fear of cancer recurrence, cortisol levels and blood pressure, and improving quality of life, sleep quality and immune system functioning. In addition, mindfulness interventions promoted initiation of healthy dietary changes and decreases the rate of PSA increase and may slow the rate of tumor progression in cases of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

394

[ "11696736", "12883107", "7776900", "14749092", "22853988", "22442202", "17521871", "16685074", "18400281", "21625914", "23442556" ]

What does the strimvelis treatment consist of?

Strimvelis consists of autologous CD34+ cells transduced to express adenosine deaminase [ADA].

3197

[ "29625577" ]

List bacteria that may be useful in uranium bioremediation.

The main bacteria studied in uranium bioremediation are Geobacteraceae. Other bacteria are: Firmicutes, Shewanella oneidensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain Rf4T

1314

[ "19717633", "18450691", "18497157", "16204552", "19129865", "20010635", "22510989", "22432531", "18843300", "11976101", "23416228", "18378664", "22327592", "19346346", "12788780", "12368813", "12626092", "23446832", "18279349", "15819846", "23894087", "21255372", "23038171", "19651424", "21261921", "18059491", "18451051", "21337330", "21112694", "23275510" ]

How does botulism toxin act on the muscle?

. The seven immunologically distinct serotypes of BoNTs (A-G), each produced by various strains of Clostridium botulinum, act on the neuromuscular junction by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis.

2980

[ "14747968", "28569348", "1311751", "20178376", "9339823" ]

What is hyperosmia

Hyperosmia is increased olfactory acuity

131

[ "24302690", "23520356", "21250223" ]

What is the the Menzerath-Altmann law?

Recently, a random breakage model has been proposed to explain the negative correlation between mean chromosome length and chromosome number that is found in many groups of species and is consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law, a statistical law that defines the dependency between the mean size of the whole and the number of parts in quantitative linguistics. The random breakage and variants keeping genome size and chromosome number independent raise no serious objection to the relevance of correlations consistent with Menzerath-Altmann law across taxonomic groups and the possibility of a connection between human language and genomes through that law.

1481

[ "22197514" ]

What is Morton's Neuroma?

Morton's neuroma (MN) is a neuralgia involving the common plantar digital nerves of the metatarsal region.

4406

[ "2794625", "1919367", "26963851", "32013586", "14677525", "26815264", "32674597", "31718949", "24960551", "15266472", "33179062", "33012024", "32555077", "22694086", "32701133", "22811757", "33168237", "31177965", "20882801", "28030965", "34258038", "20086908" ]

What is PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance?

PARPi has been designed and tested for many years and became a potential supplement for the conventional chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence indicates the appearance of the resistance to this treatment. Specifically, cancer cells may acquire new mutations or events that overcome the positive effect of these drugs.

2596

[ "28255272", "28510338", "28069876" ]

What is the mechanism of the drug CRT0066101?

Recently developed small molecule PKD inhibitors, CID755673 and CRT0066101, provide potentially important pharmacological approaches to further investigate the effect of PKD in pancreatitis therapy

3064

[ "26797128", "26895471", "20947701", "29270134", "29071385", "27030010", "25852060", "20442301" ]

Which syndrome is caused by deletion of Pds5b in mice?

Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein Pds5b exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

2094

[ "19412548", "17652350" ]

Name a CFL2 mutation which is associated with nemaline myopathy?

A mutation in CFL2 was identified in a family with nemaline myopathy, namely a homozygous missense mutation in exon 2 (c.19G>A, p.Val7Met).

3179

[ "22560515" ]

What are the 3 types of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation?

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen, is classified depending on the wavelength, into three regions; short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), mid-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320- 400 nm)

2732

[ "24891049", "11100018", "23834148", "16117741" ]

What does the human IVIG treatment for Alzheimer's disease contain?

Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a mixture of polyclonal IgG antibodies isolated and pooled from thousands of healthy human donors.

2371

[ "25115546" ]

What is the function of WAPL protein on cohesin?

Human Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase We show that the human ortholog of Wapl is a cohesin-binding protein that facilitates cohesin's timely release from chromosome arms during prophase.

3719

[ "29447171", "23034634", "28424523", "27797072", "24055153", "17113138", "17112726", "29217591", "28475897", "17141150" ]

What is the trade name of sildenafil?

The trade name of sildenafil is Viagra.

3454

[ "25984278" ]

What is Tn-seq?

The transposon mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing (Tn-seq) is a technique that allows for quantitative assessment of individual mutants within a transposon mutant library by sequencing the transposon-genome junctions and then compiling mutant presence by mapping to a base genome. Using Tn-seq, it is possible to quickly define all the insertional mutants in a library and thus identify nonessential genes under the conditions in which the library was produced. Identification of fitness of individual mutants under specific conditions can be performed by exposing the library to selective pressures.

834

[ "21053251", "25636611", "24077707", "19767758", "21253457", "23990803", "22925268", "25139902" ]

Salivary Cortisol is a biomarker for what disease/syndrome/condition?

Salivary cortisone , as a biomarker for psychosocial stress , is associated with state anxiety and heart rate . ortisol as a stress biomarker

3203

[ "29455296", "23969030", "28375882", "27014891", "22812714", "27686043", "23971022", "25773457", "30488082", "30408721", "21838298", "23332247", "29747642", "23017499", "19095358", "20685855" ]

List symptoms of Hakim Triad.

Triad of Hakim--Adams is well known for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): dementia, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence.

729

[ "21698923", "19823916", "6583309", "20568668", "21194654" ]

When is lorlatinib used?

Lorlatinib is a third-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome the largest number of acquired ALK resistance mutations, including the solvent-front mutation G1202R.

4495

[ "34589977", "34585621", "34548910" ]

What is the genetic basis of the Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome (DSPS)?

Circadian gene mutations are also associated with circadian rhythm disorders such as familial advanced sleep phase syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. Possible association of human leucocyte antigen DR1 with delayed sleep phase syndrome. The study investigated the human leucocyte antigen (HLA), types A, B and DR, of 42 patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and compared the frequencies of the antigens with those in 117 healthy controls. The comparison revealed that the gene frequencies and positivities of HLA-A, -B and -DR, except for DR1, had no significant differences between the patients and controls. The frequency of HLA-DR1 was increased in the DSPS patients as compared with that in the healthy controls (P = 0.0069 in positivity). In human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, the incidence of DR1 positivity alone was significantly higher in DSPS patients than in healthy subjects.

2333

[ "11186112", "12736803", "11306557", "15700718", "19708722", "12841365", "11763990", "10498237" ]

List inflammatory caspase proteins?

caspase-1 caspase-4 caspase-5

534

[ "25943872", "22195746", "21880711", "19927353", "21051981", "20401456", "22895188", "24280500", "20401526", "20514521", "20541850", "23215645" ]

Does vesatolimod inhibit TLR7?

No, vesatolimod is an agonist of toll-like receptor 7.

2796

[ "29104121" ]

Which drugs were tested in the CheckMate 227 clinical trial?

CheckMate-227 clinical trial tested ipilimumab plus nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

3525

[ "29658845", "30393621", "27610613", "31066582", "31195357", "29661758" ]

Can multiple myeloma patients develop hyperviscosity syndrome?

Yes, multiple myeloma patients can develop hyperviscosity syndrome. Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic plasma-cell disorder resulting from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It can cause a hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to the paraproteinaemia associated with the disease. The increased hyperviscosity can lead to retinal vein occlusions and other ocular problems.

2451

[ "2385441", "29159010", "7699907", "9046114", "28116769", "26181153", "25778852", "26623375", "27079282", "28983379", "25383860", "29136724", "6155195", "28550239" ]

Is CTCF bound at nucleosome free regions?

yes, robust inter-nucleosomal interactions exist around transcription start site (TSS), transcription termination sites (TTS) or around CTCF binding sites

3362

[ "25348714", "30414923", "30188887", "21249180", "16877759" ]

Is p100 the precursor protein molecule of the NF-kappaB transcription factor subunit p50?

No, the precursor molecule for NF-kappaB p50 is p105 and not p100. Nfkb2 encodes two members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family of proteins: p52 and p100. The p100 polypeptide has been proposed to serve as a precursor of p52 (and not of p50), which corresponds to the N-terminal half of p100. NF-kappaB functions as a hetero- or homo-dimer which can be formed from five NF-kappaB subunits, NF-kappaB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), NF-kappaB2 (p52 and its precursor p100), RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel.

1329

[ "19302050", "17693123", "10597218", "12505990", "22282470", "15485830", "11158290", "16223731", "12894228", "20363924", "8649779", "8398903", "10207090", "12556537", "15677466", "11726516", "8710364", "13679070" ]

How many groups of viruses exist in the Baltimore Classification?

There are seven "Baltimore classes" (BCs) that define the major features of virus reproduction.

3974

[ "32132243", "28588308" ]

List mutations that are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome.

GFI1B and NBEAL2 mutations are implicated in the Gray Platelet Syndrome.

998

[ "23861251", "21765412", "25258341", "21765413", "24325358", "23100277" ]

What are TAMs in cancer therapy?

TAMs are Tumor Associated Macrophages and are important in Cancer therapy.

4267

[ "25620672", "34515617", "34006822", "33568427", "29436395", "33881837", "32708142", "34695762", "34060821", "32445205", "34469109", "28341752", "33050070", "34276698", "29730267", "31704343", "29691294" ]

What is vesiduction?

'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer.

4306

[ "32784449", "32363801" ]

What is the aim of the METABRIC project?

The METABRIC [Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium] cohort aims at the integration of genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 2000 breast tumours.

2891

[ "30097312", "28620450", "26671300", "22912679", "29532008", "26132585", "29727689", "26813959", "26354892", "19948017", "27312051", "30181556", "26770261", "28472085", "27634906", "23106814" ]

Does SARM1 deletion cause neurodegeneration?

Mouse strain with Sarm1 deletion (Sarm1-/-) is highly resistant to axon neurodegeneration.

2619

[ "26820848" ]

Which is the definition of pyknons in DNA?

Pyknons are non-random sequence patterns significantly repeated throughout non-coding genomic DNA, which have additional nonoverlapping instances in the untranslated and protein-coding regions. They are found more frequently in the 3' untranslated regions of genes than in other regions of the human genome.

408

[ "16636294", "19833446", "19229130", "19452047", "16751093", "19052667" ]

What is PRL3-zumab?

PRL3-zumab is a first-in-class humanized antibody (PRL3-zumab) against PRL-3, an intracellular tumor-associated phosphatase upregulated in multiple human cancers, for unconventional cancer immunotherapies. PRL3-zumab specifically blocked PRL-3+, but not PRL-3-, orthotopic gastric tumors. In this setting, PRL3-zumab had better therapeutic efficacy as a monotherapy, rather than simultaneous combination with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil alone. PRL3-zumab could also prevent PRL-3+ tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, we found that intracellular PRL-3 antigens could be externalized to become "extracellular oncotargets" that serve as bait for PRL3-zumab binding to potentially bridge and recruit immunocytes into tumor microenvironments for killing effects on cancer cells.

3578

[ "27699276" ]

Which two drugs are included in the Entresto pill?

Entresto includes Sacubitril and Valsartan.

2932

[ "29398176", "27284124", "27804100", "30084228", "28944989", "29352367", "30276760", "26976916", "26417173", "27697814", "28883863", "29469206", "28824789", "28676030", "29532764", "26466333", "29375230", "26975167" ]

Which are the consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease?

The consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease is: 1) The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) 2) Impaired glutamate metabolism 3) Decreased tau affinity for microtubules binding 4) Dendritic and axonal instability 5) Synaptic degeneration 6) Neuronal loss.

1787

[ "23340677", "7666054", "19459590", "19525898", "22203915", "24448785", "23946388", "25220759", "9427351", "9084440", "22110363", "10214944", "21715616", "22536363", "19451179", "22315694", "23640887", "20678074", "8960316", "26258756", "23805125", "20942790", "17372746", "24788298", "9832145", "25031639", "12214106", "24965601", "16793187", "7616230", "15450610", "17906291", "17662457", "11052669" ]

Which is the major function of sororin?

Sororin is a positive regulator of sister chromatid cohesion that interacts with the cohesin complex.

1213

[ "21111234", "21115494", "25266476", "22101327", "23901111", "25220052", "22580470", "25092791", "25092792", "25173175", "25257309", "25257310", "24141881" ]

Which gene is required for the efficient function of clopidogrel?

The prodrug clopidogrel requires activation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes for its antiplatelet effect. Variability in clopidogrel response might be influenced by polymorphisms in genes coding for drug metabolism enzymes (cytochrome P450 CYP2C19), transport proteins (P-glycoprotein) and/or target proteins for the drug (adenosine diphosphate-receptor P2Y12). The CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles had a gene dose effect on the pharmacodynamics and composite ischemic events of clopidogrel in our study population. Neither the ABCB1 nor the PON1 genotype significantly influenced the antiplatelet effect and clinical outcomes of clopidogrel in these patients

83

[ "23150151", "15933261", "19463375", "21099121", "21806387", "23506580", "20826260" ]

When was empagliflozin FDA approved?

Empagliflozin was approved in 2014 by the European Commission and the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

330

[ "25712444" ]

Abnormalities in which chromosomes were linked to the Moyamoya disease?

chromosomes 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 17, 21, X and Y were implicated in the Moyamoya disease.

198

[ "11037190", "21968521", "20635402", "8898827", "18463369", "15362573", "22436252", "22426657", "23966756", "9973290", "16723886", "9128751", "20644152", "23077562", "21596366", "21048783", "23713105", "10754001", "15340753", "18576213", "19335127", "17431895", "19918425", "24167642", "15675355", "15675354", "18174554", "16164190", "10757474", "16475235", "17138018", "8937199", "21631222" ]

Is it possible to analyze exosomes with FACS?

Yes, a novel strategy for generating metabolically-labeled fluorescent exosomes that can be counted by flow cytometry assay (FACS) and characterized.

3169

[ "30290833", "26598503", "29783743", "26154623" ]

What is the mechanism of action of geldanamycin?

Geldanamycin is an ansamycin antibiotic which holds the ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. Additionally, it can induce inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins dissociated from the 90 kDa chaperone and, eventually, cause apoptosis in a variety of cell types.

1730

[ "21525416", "20534344", "18001136", "9817749", "23986774", "15971989", "23701727" ]

Have apolipoprotein mimetics been used in clinical trials?

Yes, apolipoprotein mimetics have entered clinical trials.

3189

[ "25157031" ]

What is the role of the Ada O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferase in bacteria?

The Ada O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a multifunctional protein, product of the ada gene. Ada functions in DNA repair by direct dealkylation of alkylated DNA lesions, such as the toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkG) and O4-alkylthymine (O4-AlkT) which are restored to guanine and thymine. Ada accepts stoichiometrically the alkyl group from O6-alkylguanine in DNA at the Cys-321 residue and from alkyl phosphotriester at the Cys-69 residue. When methylated at Cys-69, Ada becomes a transcriptional activator of the genes in the ada regulon, including its own. The ada gene controls the inducible resistance to alkylation mutagenesis and killing (the adaptive response). Ada alkyltransferase (ATase) is induced by exposure to low doses of methylating agents. During exponential growth, Ada removes lesions responsible for G:C to A:T transitions and G:C to C:G transversions, while in stationary populations it removes lesions causing G:C to A:T and A:T to G:C transitions, and G:C to C:G, A:T to C:G, and A:T to T:A transversions. Thus, Ada protein acts both as a positive regulator of the ada response and as a DNA repair enzyme.

1494

[ "10101186", "9366274", "7662116", "8512805", "7695814", "8195077", "9079656", "8152424", "1520330", "3526284", "3887409", "9484244", "8519412", "9717173", "7634390", "2105461", "1747932" ]

Describe the application of whole genome sequencing in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)

Genetic testing is an important component of diagnosing PCD, especially in cases of atypical disease history. WGS is effective in cases where prior gene panel testing has found no variants or only heterozygous variants. In these cases it may detect SVs and is a powerful tool for novel gene discovery.

4323

[ "34556108" ]

What is known about growth arrest-specific 6 protein?

Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein secreted by immune cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Recent studies indicate that Gas6 and receptors of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) family may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance.

4172

[ "30346880", "32969596", "31583710" ]

Where are integrins localized in a cell?

Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are broadly distributed in living organisms.

3890

[ "32584192", "32950537" ]

Which type of pluripotency is Otx2 associated with?

transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Otx2 and Oct4 drive early activation during embryonic stem cell transition from naive pluripotency.

3809

[ "24338594", "27924227", "27292645", "32367046", "30567463", "29056334", "23154415", "24905168", "27019633", "23719282", "27732856", "27920151", "21062744", "27392793", "30413530", "23954875", "24931607", "30349051" ]

What is the tradename of apixaban?

The tradename of apixaban is Eliquis.

3088

[ "23677804" ]

Are genes symmetrically distributed between leading and lagging DNA strand in bacteria?

In most bacteria, genes are preferentially encoded on the leading strand than on the lagging strand. This avoids the potentially detrimental head-on collisions that occur between the replication and transcription machineries when genes are encoded on the lagging strand. Head-on collisions are more deleterious than codirectional collisions, and may lead to replication fork arrest and genomic instability. Genes of some functional categories such as ribosome have higher preferences to be on the leading strands, while genes of other functional categories such as transcription factor have higher preferences on the lagging strands. Strand-biased gene distribution correlates with replication-associated purine asymmetry and the presence or absence of polC. Especially essential and highly transcribed genes and genes whose expression is important for fitness are more preferentially situated at the leading strand in bacteria.

1414

[ "24273314", "19221094", "12217498", "20600808", "14743977", "15942025", "25425232", "23538833", "11677621", "20417622", "17532183", "21350489", "15823418", "22735706" ]

Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for which disease?

Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for atopic dermatitis.

4369

[ "32640132", "33735876", "33644104", "29753033", "33711179", "34213742", "33924978", "32074418", "34726262", "33045848", "32507066", "31449914", "28249150", "28703903" ]

Are conserved noncoding elements associated with the evolution of animal body plans?

Yes. Cis-regulatory inputs identified by CNEs arose during the "re-wiring" of regulatory interactions that occurred during early animal evolution. Consequently, different animal groups, with different core GRNs, contain alternative sets of CNEs. Due to the subsequent stability of animal body plans, these core regulatory sequences have been evolving in parallel under strong purifying selection in different animal groups.

1343

[ "19492354" ]

Which treatment leads to an increase in neutrophil counts in severe congenital neutropenia?

In phase I/II/III studies in patients with severe congenital and cyclic neutropenia, treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-metHuG-CSF) resulted in a rise in the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and a reduction in infections

460

[ "7529539", "1705835", "2683920", "10779444", "21052952", "1689595", "16822461" ]