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[ "Decimal time of day had been first used in France two years earlier , but was set aside at the same time the metric system was started , and did not follow the metric pattern of a base unit and prefixed units .", "Decimal time of day had been introduced in France two years earlier , but was set aside at the same time the metric system was inaugurated , and did not follow the metric pattern of a base unit and prefixed units ." ]
[ "The International System of Units has only come up with prefixes for 10 units exponentially in both the multiple and submultiple directions .", "The International System of Units has only developed prefixes regarding 10 units exponentially in both the multiple and submultiple directions ." ]
[ "The metric system was first used in France in 1795 . It had units for length , area , dry volume , liquid capacity , weight or mass , and even amounts of money , but not for time .", "When the metric system was introduced in France in 1795 , it included units for length , area , dry volume , liquid capacity , weight or mass , and even currency , but not for time ." ]
[ "The ephemeris second ( 1\\/86400 of a mean solar day ) was made one of the original base units of the modern metric system , or International System of Units ( SI ) , at the 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) in 1954 .", "The ephemeris second ( defined as 1\\/86400 of a mean solar day ) was made one of the original base units of the modern metric system , or International System of Units ( SI ) , at the 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) in 1954 ." ]
[ "The town was first called Huston , but was later named Piggott after Dr. James Piggott , an early resident .", "In September 2007 , several Piggott citizens gathered at the Piggott community center to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the release of A Face In The Crowd . Actress Patricia Neal returned to Piggott and toured the town during this celebration ." ]
[ "The Ukrainian language ( Ukrainian : Ñ Ð Ñ Ð Ñ -- Ð 1\\/2 Ñ Ñ Ð Ð ( Ð 1\\/4 Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ð ) , transliteration : ukrajins ` ka mova ) is an Eastern Slavic language .", "In Ukrainian history , this group is often referred to as `` Executed Renaissance '' ( Ukrainian : Ñ Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ -- Ð '' Ñ Ð 1\\/2 Ð Ð Ñ -- Ð Ñ Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ð Ð Ð 1\\/2 Ð 1\\/2 Ñ ) ." ]
[ "Salvador Guerrero IV ( born October 20 , 1970 in El Paso , Texas ) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero , Jr. , is a third generation American professional wrestler and member of the famous Guerrero wrestling family .", "Salvador Guerrero IV ( born October 20 , 1970 ) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero , Jr. , is a third generation American professional wrestler and member of the famed Guerrero wrestling family , currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling on its SmackDown brand ." ]
[ "Thomas Heyward , Jr. ( July 28 , 1746 -- March 6 , 1809 ) , was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation as a representative of South Carolina .", "Thomas Heyward , Jr. ( July 28 , 1746 â `` March 6 , 1809 ) was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation as a representative of South Carolina ." ]
[ "So the word â musicalâ ( as in a stage musical ) is written : ã ã ã 1\\/4 ã ã `` ã `` .", "For example , ã ã 1\\/4 ã `` mÄ `` ru is the gairaigo for e-mail taken from the English word `` mail '' ; the ã 1\\/4 lengthens the e. Small versions of the five vowel kana are sometimes used to represent trailing off sounds ( ã ã haa , ã ã nee ) , but in Katakana they are more often used in yÅ on-like digraphs which allow for phonemes not present in Japanese ; examples include ã ã ã ã chenji ( `` change '' ) and ã ã # ã ã ã ã # ã cents Wikipedia ." ]
[ "For example : the word â coffeeâ is written ã ã 1\\/4 ã ' ã 1\\/4 ( koo-hii ) .", "To signify long vowels , the chÅ onpu ( long vowel mark ) ( ã 1\\/4 ) used . For example , ã ã 1\\/4 ã `` mÄ `` ru is the gairaigo for e-mail taken from the English word `` mail '' ; the ã 1\\/4 lengthens the e. Small versions of the five vowel kana are sometimes used to represent trailing off sounds ( ã ã haa , ã ã nee ) , but in Katakana they are more often used in yÅ on-like digraphs which allow for phonemes not present in Japanese ; examples include ã ã ã ã chenji ( `` change '' ) and ã ã # ã ã ã ã # ã cents Wikipedia ." ]
[ "It is often used to write the names of Japanese companies , i.e. Suzuki is written ã ã ã , and Toyota is written ã ã ã .", "For example Suzuki is written ã ã ã , and Toyota is written ã ã ã ." ]
[ "Gaetano Donizetti ( born Bergamo 29 November 1797 ; died Bergamo 8 April 1848 ) was an Italian composer .", "Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti ( 29 November 1797 -- 8 April 1848 ) was an Italian composer from Bergamo , Lombardy ." ]
[ "The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948-1968 .", "The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948 â `` 1968 ." ]
[ "The vast majority of these were inherited from its four constituent companies .", "The vast majority of these were inherited from its four constituent companies , the `` Big Four '' ." ]
[ "Selles , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .", "Selles is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ." ]
[ "The song was featured on the soundtrack to the movie , I Know What You Did Last Summer .", "The song was included on the soundtrack to the 1998 movie , I Know What You Did Last Summer ." ]
[ "'' ` Clumsy ' '' is a 1997 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their second studio album Clumsy , which was released in 1997 .", "`` Clumsy '' is the second single released by alternative rock band Our Lady Peace from their second album , Clumsy ." ]
[ "Chloroflexi is one of four classes of bacteria produce energy from light and are named for their green pigment , usually found in photosynthetic bodies .", "Chloroflexi or Chlorobacteria ( formerly known as green non-sulfur bacteria ) is one of four classes of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi . They produce energy from light and are named for their green pigment , usually found in photosynthetic bodies called chlorosomes ." ]
[ "He was born on May 13 , 1930 ( a date that has been disputed ) , in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the QuindÃ o Department , to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during La Violencia .", "Marulanda was born in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the QuindÃ o Department , to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during conflicts in the 1940s and 1950s ." ]
[ "Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party ( PCC ) sometime during the period of `` La Violencia '' ( roughly 1948 to 1958 ) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party 's leader Jorge EliÃ cer GaitÃ n.", "Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party ( PCC ) during `` La Violencia '' ( roughly 1948 to 1958 ) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party 's leader Jorge EliÃ cer GaitÃ n." ]
[ "In March 2006 , Alberto Gonzales , the Attorney General of the United States , announced in conjunction with DEA and Department of Justice officials that the State Department had placed a $ 5 million dollar reward on Tirofijo 's head , or for information leading to his capture .", "In March 2006 , Alberto Gonzales , the Attorney General of the United States , announced in conjunction with Drug Enforcement Administration and United States Department of Justice officials that the US State Department had placed a $ 5 million dollar reward on Tirofijo 's head , or for information leading to his capture ." ]
[ "Pedro Antonio MarÃ n , ( 1930-2008 ) known by his pseudonym , Manuel Marulanda VÃ lez , and nicknamed by his comrades `` Tirofijo '' , apparently because of a reputed ability to accurately aim firearms . He was the main leader of the FARC-EP ( `` Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - EjÃ rcito del Pueblo '' ) .", "Pedro Antonio MarÃ n MarÃ n ( May 13 , 1930 ( disputed ) - March 26 , 2008 ) , known by his `` nom de guerre '' Manuel Marulanda VÃ lez , was the main leader of the FARC-EP ( `` Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - EjÃ rcito del Pueblo '' ) ." ]
[ "When someone is sprayed with pepper spray , their eyes will close and they will have difficulty breathing , a runny nose , and cough .", "It causes immediate closing of the eyes , difficulty breathing , runny nose , and coughing ." ]
[ "Pepper spray is mostly used by police forces for riot control , but in some countries people can use it for self-defence .", "In Iran the use of pepper spray is forbidden and is only used by police forces ." ]
[ "The stronger the spray is , the longer the effects last , but the average full effect lasts around thirty to forty-five minutes , with longer effects lasting for hours .", "The duration of its effects depends on the strength of the spray but the average full effect lasts around thirty to forty-five minutes , with diminished effects lasting for hours ." ]
[ "Pepper spray ( also called OC spray , from Oleoresin capsicum ) is a spray used for self-defence , by spraying it into an attacker 's face . It makes eyes water and causes intense pain , sometimes even leading to temporary blindness .", "Pepper spray , also known as OC spray ( from `` Oleoresin Capsicum '' ) , OC gas , and capsicum spray , is a lachrymatory agent ( a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears , pain , and even temporary blindness ) that is used in riot control , crowd control , and personal self-defence , including defense against dogs and bears ." ]
[ "Pepper spray is an inflammatory agent .", "Pepper spray is an inflammatory ." ]
[ "It is the world 's third largest lake , and the world 's largest freshwater lake ( by area ) .", "It is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area if Lake Michigan-Huron is counted as two lakes and is the world 's third-largest freshwater lake by volume ." ]
[ "Lake Superior is in between Ontario and Minnesota to the north and Wisconsin and Michigan in the south , and is the largest of North America 's Great Lakes .", "Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America . It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Minnesota , and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan ." ]
[ "Lake Superior is a lake in Canada and the United States .", "Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area , and empties into Lake Huron via the St. Marys River and the Soo Locks . Lake Baikal in Russia is larger by volume , as is Lake Tanganyika ." ]
[ "Felicity Huffman ( born December 9 , 1962 ) is an Academy Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning American movie and television actress .", "Felicity Kendall Huffman ( born December 9 , 1962 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress ." ]
[ "She is well known for her role as Lynette Scavo , a busy mother on the ABC television show Desperate Housewives .", "She is known for her role as executive producer Dana Whitaker on the ABC television show Sports Night ( 1998 â '' 2000 ) , which earned her an Golden Globe Award nomination , and as hectic supermom Lynette Scavo on the ABC show Desperate Housewives ( 2004 â '' present ) , which has earned her an Emmy Award ." ]
[ "Adobe Illustrator is a computer program for making graphic design and illustrations . It is made by Adobe Systems .", "Adobe Illustrator is the companion product of Adobe Photoshop ." ]
[ "It is made by Adobe Systems .", "Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Adobe Systems ." ]
[ "Cash is a form of liquid currency , such as banknotes or coins .", "In common language cash refers to money in the physical form of currency , such as banknotes and coins ." ]
[ "On the other side of the watershed , the rivers Tyne , Tees , Swale , Calder , Aire , Don , and Trent flow east to the North Sea .", "On the other side of the watershed , the rivers Tyne , Tees , Wear , Swale , Ure , Nidd , Calder , Wharfe , Aire , Don and Trent also rise in the region but flow eastwards to the North Sea ." ]
[ "The Pennines make up the main watershed in northern England , dividing the eastern and western parts of the country .", "The Pennines constitute the main watershed in Northern England , dividing the eastern and western parts of the country ." ]
[ "Often said to be the `` backbone of England '' , they form an unbroken range stretching from the Peak District in the Midlands , through the Yorkshire Dales , parts of Greater Manchester , the West Pennine Moors of Lancashire and Cumbrian Fells to the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border .", "Often described as the `` backbone of England '' , they form a more-or-less continuous range stretching from the Peak District in Derbyshire , around the northern and eastern edges of Greater Manchester , through the Yorkshire Dales past the Cumbrian Fells to the Cheviot Hills on the Anglo-Scottish border ." ]
[ "The rivers Eden , Ribble , and Mersey flow west towards the Irish Sea .", "The rivers Eden , Ribble , Irwell and Mersey all rise in the Pennines and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea ." ]
[ "Christendom or the Christian world , , in the widest sense , means Christianity as a territorial phenomenon . That means : those countries where most people are Christians and by that are part of Christendom .", "Christendom , or the Christian world , has several meanings ." ]
[ "Cid ( Sidney ) Corman ( June 29 , 1924 -- March 12 , 2004 ) was an American poet well known for editing the magazine Origin .", "Cid ( Sidney ) Corman ( June 29 , 1924 -- March 12 , 2004 ) was an American poet , translator and editor , most notably of Origin , who was a key figure in the history of American poetry in the second half of the 20th century ." ]
[ "Malawi national football team is the national football team of Malawi .", "The Malawi national football team , nicknamed The Flames , is the national team of Malawi and is controlled by the Football Association of Malawi ." ]
[ "Guity Novin ( born Guity Navran ) , is a Persian-Canadian painter and sculptor .", "Guity Novin ( born Guity Navran , 1944 ) is an Iranian-Canadian figurative painter , and graphic designer residing in Canada ." ]
[ "She has started a movement in painting that she has named Transpressionism .", "She classifies her work as Transpressionism , a movement she has introduced ." ]
[ "Kankakee is a city of Illinois in the United States .", "Kankakee is a city in Kankakee County , Illinois , USA ." ]
[ "In his career he worked on the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan .", "Throughout his career he worked on the organism Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan ." ]
[ "Sturtevant made the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1913 .", "Sturtevant constructed the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1913 ." ]
[ "Alfred Henry Sturtevant ( 21 November 1891 â `` 5 April 5 1970 ) was an American geneticist .", "Alfred Henry Sturtevant ( November 21 , 1891 -- April 5 , 1970 ) was an American geneticist ." ]
[ "In 1885 , Grenada took over responsibility for the Windward Islands instead of Barbados .", "In 1885 , Barbados 's oversight of the Windward Islands was replaced by Grenada ." ]
[ "In 1833 , Barbados became part of the new colony of the Windward Islands and the Governor of Barbados became viceroy over the new colony as well .", "In 1833 , Barbados became part of the newly formed colony of the Windward Islands , and the Governor of Barbados became viceroy over the new colony as well ." ]
[ "This page contains a list of viceroys in Barbados from when Great Britain started a colony in 1627 by England until Barbados received independence in 1966 .", "This page contains a list of viceroys in Barbados from its initial colonisation in 1627 by England until it achieved independence in 1966 ." ]
[ "Flaujagues is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .", "Flaujagues is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ." ]
[ "Shogo Shiozawa ( born 9 September 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Sagawa Printing .", "Shogo Shiozawa is a Japanese football player who currently playing for Sagawa Printing S.C. ." ]
[ "It restrengthened slightly before making its first landfall near BahÃ a Tortugas , Baja California Sur .", "It restrengthened slightly before making its first landfall near BahÃ a Tortugas , Baja California Sur on September 25 ." ]
[ "As a result , it was used in the 2003 Pacific hurricane season and is on the list of names to be used in 2009 .", "As a result , it was used in the 2003 Pacific hurricane season , 2009 Pacific hurricane season , and is on the list of names to be used in 2015 ." ]
[ "Nora killed two people in Mexico . One was killed by a downed power line in Mexicali , and the other was a scuba diving in underwater currents .", "Nora killed two in Mexico : an electrocution by a downed power line in Mexicali , Baja California , and a diver caught in strong underwater currents created by Nora off the coast of the San Quintin Valley ." ]
[ "Late on September 25 ( UTC ) , still a tropical storm , it entered the continental United States at the California-Arizona state line .", "Late on the 25th ( UTC ) , still a tropical storm , it entered the continental United States at the California-Arizona state line ." ]
[ "Farther inland , the National Weather Service issued flash flood watches for western Arizona , southeastern California , southwestern Colorado , southern Nevada and southern Utah on September 26 .", "Further inland , the National Weather Service issued flash flood watches for western Arizona , southeastern California , southwestern Colorado , southern Nevada and southern Utah on September 26 ." ]
[ "He currently hosts The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson which airs on CBS .", "He is the host of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson , an Emmy Award-nominated , Peabody Award-winning late-night talk show that airs on CBS ." ]
[ "Craig Ferguson ( born May 17 , 1962 in Glasgow , Scotland ) is an Scottish-American late night television host , comedian and actor .", "Craig Ferguson ( born 17 May 1962 ) is a Scottish-born , naturalized American television host , stand-up comedian , writer , actor , director , and producer ." ]
[ "He became an American citizen on February 1 , 2008 .", "He became a citizen of the United States in 2008 ." ]
[ "The Treaty of Shimonoseki ( Chinese : é é -- æ cents ç Japanese : ä é -- cents æ ç ) was signed between the Qing Dynasty and Empire of Japan at Shimonoseki in 1895 AD .", "The Treaty of Shimonoseki ( Japanese : ä é -- cents æ ç , `` Shimonoseki JÅ yaku '' ) , known as the Treaty of Maguan in China , was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17 , 1895 , between the Empire of Japan and Qing Empire of China , ending the First Sino-Japanese War ." ]
[ "The GNU Free Documentation License ( GFDL ) is a copyleft license for open content . It was made up by the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) for the GNU project .", "The GNU Free Documentation License ( GNU FDL or simply GFDL ) is a copyleft license for free documentation , designed by the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) for the GNU Project ." ]
[ "Kazuhiro Suzuki ( born 16 November 1976 ) is a Japanese football player .", "Kazuhiro Suzuki ( born November 16 , 1976 in Tokyo , Japan ) is a Japanese football player ." ]
[ "Newark was originally formed as a township on October 31 , 1693 .", "Newark was originally formed as a township on October 31 , 1693 , based on the Newark Tract , which was first purchased on July 11 , 1667 ." ]
[ "Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11 , 1836 .", "Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11 , 1836 , replacing Newark Township , based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18 , 1836 ." ]
[ "Newark is the largest city in in U.S. State of New Jersey , 65th largest city in the United States , and serves as the seat of Essex County .", "Newark is the largest city in New Jersey , United States , and the county seat of Essex County ." ]
[ "During its time as a township , portions were taken to form Springfield Township , New Jersey , Caldwell Township , New Jersey , Orange Township , New Jersey , Bloomfield Township , New Jersey , ( March 23 , 1812 ) and Clinton Township , New Jersey .", "Newark was granted a Royal Charter on April 27 , 1713 , and was incorporated as one of New Jersey 's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 . During its time as a township , portions were taken to form Springfield Township ( April 14 , 1794 ) , Caldwell Township ( February 16 , 1798 , now known as Fairfield Township ) , Orange Township ( November 27 , 1806 ) , Bloomfield Township ( March 23 , 1812 ) and Clinton Township ( April 14 , 1834 , remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5 , 1902 ) ." ]
[ "Presently aphids are classified in 10 families , though historically there were many fewer , with most species included in the family Aphididae .", "About 4,400 species of 10 families are known . Historically , many fewer families were recognized , as most species were included in the family Aphididae ." ]
[ "Aphids are most common in temperate zones .", "Aphids are distributed worldwide , but are most common in temperate zones ." ]
[ "They have also been spread by human transportation of infested plant materials .", "Aphids have also been spread by human transportation of infested plant materials ." ]
[ "For example , the lettuce aphid spread from New Zealand to Tasmania .", "For example , the currant lettuce aphid , Nasonovia ribisnigri , is believed to have spread from New Zealand to Tasmania in this way ." ]
[ "Important natural enemies include the predatory lady beetles ( Coleoptera : Coccinellidae ) , hoverfly larvae ( Diptera : Syrphidae ) , and lacewings ( Neuroptera : Chrysopidae ) , and entomopathogenic fungi like Lecanicillium lecanii and the Entomophthorales .", "Natural enemies include predatory ladybirds , hoverfly larvae , parasitic wasps , aphid midge larvae , crab spiders , lacewings and entomopathogenic fungi like Lecanicillium lecanii and the Entomophthorales ." ]
[ "Alexander Andrijevski ( born August 10 , 1968 in Minsk , Belarus ) was a Belarusian professional hockey right winger who played one game for the Chicago Blackhawks in the National Hockey League .", "Alexander Andrijevski ( born 10 August 1968 in Minsk , Soviet Union ) is a former Belarusian professional ice hockey player who played one game in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Blackhawks ." ]
[ "This movie ranked number 16 on Entertainment Weekly 's list of the 50 Best High School Movies .", "The film ranked number 16 on Entertainment Weeklys list of the 50 Best High School Movies ." ]
[ "Princess Taiping was a princess of Tang dynasty China . She was the daughter of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian .", "It is not known when Princess Taiping was born , but it is known that she was the youngest of six known children of Emperor Gaozong and his second wife Empress Wu ( later known as Wu Zetian ) ." ]
[ "Princess Taiping was a princess of Tang dynasty China .", "Princess Taiping ( , lit ." ]
[ "She was the daughter of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu Zetian .", "`` Princess of Peace '' , personal name unknown ) ( died 2 August 713 ) was a princess of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and her mother Wu Zetian 's Zhou Dynasty . She was the youngest daughter of Wu Zetian and Emperor Gaozong and was powerful during the reigns of her mother and her elder brothers Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong ( both of whom reigned twice ) , particularly during Emperor Ruizong 's second reign ." ]
[ "Î 1\\/4 Î Î Î ( IdoumaÃ a ) . In Latin , it was IdumÃ a or Idumea .", "Î 1\\/4 Î Î Î , IdoumaÃ a ; Latin : IdumÃ a or Idumea ) was a 1st millennium BC Iron Age kingdom of southern Jordan ." ]
[ "In Syriac it was Ü Ü Ü Ü . In Greek , it was á 1\\/4 Î Î Ï", "Edom ( ; Assyrian : Udumi ; Syriac : Ü Ü Ü Ü ; Greek : á 1\\/4 Î Î Ï" ]
[ "Arc welding heats metals by making a high-current electric arc between pieces of metal to be joined and an electrode .", "One of the most common types of arc welding is shielded metal arc welding ( SMAW ) ; it is also known as manual metal arc welding ( MMA ) or stick welding . Electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and consumable electrode rod , which is made of steel and is covered with a flux that protects the weld area from oxidation and contamination by producing carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) gas during the welding process ." ]
[ "Forge welding is the first kind of welding that ever was used .", "The process is commonly used for welding dissimilar materials , such as the welding of aluminum with steel in ship hulls or compound plates . Other solid-state welding processes include friction welding ( including friction stir welding ) , electromagnetic pulse welding , co-extrusion welding , cold welding , diffusion welding , exothermic welding , high frequency welding , hot pressure welding , induction welding , and roll welding ." ]
[ "Most of these kinds of welding are only done where specially needed . They might use an electron beam , laser , or ultrasonic sound waves .", "Laser beam welding employs a highly focused laser beam , while electron beam welding is done in a vacuum and uses an electron beam ." ]
[ "In SMAW , GMAW , and related welding processes , the electrode is consumed and becomes part of the weld .", "Since the electrode is continuous , welding speeds are greater for GMAW than for SMAW ." ]
[ "Gas tungsten arc welding ( GTAW ) : GTAW is also known as TIG ( tungsten inert gas welding ) .", "Gas tungsten arc welding ( GTAW ) , or tungsten inert gas ( TIG ) welding , is a manual welding process that uses a nonconsumable tungsten electrode , an inert or semi-inert gas mixture , and a separate filler material ." ]
[ "There are many kinds of welding , including arc welding , resistance welding , and gas welding . The most common type is arc welding .", "Other arc welding processes include atomic hydrogen welding , electroslag welding , electrogas welding , and stud arc welding ." ]
[ "The other kind of welding that does not use an arc still uses electricity . It is called resistance welding .", "In recent years , in order to minimize labor costs in high production manufacturing , industrial welding has become increasingly more automated , most notably with the use of robots in resistance spot welding ( especially in the automotive industry ) and in arc welding ." ]
[ "There are other kinds of welding that do not use an arc .", "Constant voltage power supplies hold the voltage constant and vary the current , and as a result , are most often used for automated welding processes such as gas metal arc welding , flux cored arc welding , and submerged arc welding ." ]
[ "Friction stir welding is a special kind of welding that does not use heat .", "In robot welding , mechanized devices both hold the material and perform the weld and at first , spot welding was its most common application , but robotic arc welding increases in popularity as technology advances . Other key areas of research and development include the welding of dissimilar materials ( such as steel and aluminum , for example ) and new welding processes , such as friction stir , magnetic pulse , conductive heat seam , and laser-hybrid welding ." ]
[ "Because the electrode is consumed by the welding process , the electrode must constantly be fed into the weld .", "Consumable electrode processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding generally use direct current , but the electrode can be charged either positively or negatively . In welding , the positively charged anode will have a greater heat concentration , and as a result , changing the polarity of the electrode has an impact on weld properties ." ]
[ "The most common type of welding that does not use an arc is called gas welding .", "Following the wars , several modern welding techniques were developed , including manual methods like shielded metal arc welding , now one of the most popular welding methods , as well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding , submerged arc welding , flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding ." ]
[ "Gas metal arc welding ( GMAW ) : GMAW is also known as MIG ( metal\\/inert gas welding ) .", "Gas metal arc welding ( GMAW ) , also known as metal inert gas or MIG welding , is a semi-automatic or automatic process that uses a continuous wire feed as an electrode and an inert or semi-inert gas mixture to protect the weld from contamination . Since the electrode is continuous , welding speeds are greater for GMAW than for SMAW ." ]
[ "There are many kinds of welding , including arc welding , resistance welding , and gas welding .", "Other solid-state welding processes include friction welding ( including friction stir welding ) , electromagnetic pulse welding , co-extrusion welding , cold welding , diffusion welding , exothermic welding , high frequency welding , hot pressure welding , induction welding , and roll welding ." ]
[ "Brown hair is the second most common hair color .", "Brown hair is the second most common human hair color ." ]
[ "However , people with brown or black hair are found all across the world .", "Brown hair comes in a wide variety of shades from the very darkest of brown ( almost black ) to light brown showing small signs of blondism . Shades of brown hair include :" ]
[ "Brown hair is the second most common hair color . It varies from light brown to black .", "Brown hair varies from light brown to almost black hair ." ]
[ "Stettfurt is a municipality of the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .", "Stettfurt is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ." ]
[ "The template defaults to Assembly seats if no parameter is given .", "The template was designed to default to Assembly seats if no parameter is given ." ]
[ "This template creates a header to be used with succession boxes .", "This template creates a header to be used with succession boxes for people occupying seats in elected legislatures ." ]
[ "Gene Simmons is a solo album by Gene Simmons , the bass player of the American hard rock\\/heavy metal band , Kiss .", "Gene Simmons is a 1978 solo album from the bassist and vocalist of American hard rock band Kiss ." ]

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