pytorch gpt2 text-generation es dataset:bne arxiv:2107.07253 transformers national library of spain spanish bne license:apache-2.0
---
language:
- es
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- "national library of spain"
- "spanish"
- "bne"
datasets:
- "bne"  
metrics:
- "ppl"

---

# GPT2-base trained with data from National Library of Spain (BNE)

## Model Description
GPT2-base-bne is a transformer-based model for the Spanish language. It is based on the [GPT-2](http://www.persagen.com/files/misc/radford2019language.pdf) model and has been pre-trained using the largest Spanish corpus known to date, with a total of 570GB of clean and deduplicated text processed for this work, compiled from the web crawlings performed by the  [National Library of Spain (Biblioteca Nacional de España)](http://www.bne.es/en/Inicio/index.html) from 2009 to 2019.

## Training corpora and preprocessing 
The [National Library of Spain (Biblioteca Nacional de España)](http://www.bne.es/en/Inicio/index.html) crawls all .es domains once a year. The training corpus consists of 59TB of WARC files from these crawls, carried out from 2009 to 2019.

To obtain a high-quality training corpus, the corpus has been preprocessed with a pipeline of operations, including among the others, sentence splitting, language detection, filtering of bad-formed sentences and deduplication of repetitive contents. During the process document boundaries are kept. This resulted into 2TB of Spanish clean corpus. Further global deduplication among the corpus is applied, resulting into 570GB of text.

Some of the statistics of the corpus:

| Corpora | Number of documents | Number of tokens | Size (GB) |
|---------|---------------------|------------------|-----------|
| BNE     |         201,080,084 |  135,733,450,668 |     570GB |

## Tokenization and pre-training 
The training corpus has been tokenized using a byte version of Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) used in the original [GPT-2](http://www.persagen.com/files/misc/radford2019language.pdf) model with a vocabulary size of 50,262 tokens. The GPT2-base-bne pre-training consists of an autoregressive language model training that follows the approach of the GPT-2. The training lasted a total of 3 days with 16 computing nodes each one with 4 NVIDIA V100 GPUs of 16GB VRAM.

## Evaluation and results
For evaluation details visit our [GitHub repository](https://github.com/PlanTL-GOB-ES/lm-spanish).

## Citing 
Check out our paper for all the details: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07253

```
@article{gutierrezfandino2022,
	author = {Asier Gutiérrez-Fandiño and Jordi Armengol-Estapé and Marc Pàmies and Joan Llop-Palao and Joaquin Silveira-Ocampo and Casimiro Pio Carrino and Carme Armentano-Oller and Carlos Rodriguez-Penagos and Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre and Marta Villegas},
	title = {MarIA: Spanish Language Models},
	journal = {Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural},
	volume = {68},
	number = {0},
	year = {2022},
	issn = {1989-7553},
	url = {http://journal.sepln.org/sepln/ojs/ojs/index.php/pln/article/view/6405},
	pages = {39--60}
}
```

## Funding
This work was funded by the Spanish State Secretariat for Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence (SEDIA) within the framework of the Plan-TL.

## Disclaimer

The models published in this repository are intended for a generalist purpose and are available to third parties. These models may have bias and/or any other undesirable distortions.

When third  parties, deploy or provide systems and/or services to other parties using any of these models (or using systems based on these models) or become users of the models, they should note that it is their responsibility to mitigate the risks arising from their use and, in any event, to comply with applicable regulations, including regulations regarding the use of artificial intelligence.

In no event shall the owner of the models (SEDIA – State Secretariat for digitalization and artificial intelligence) nor the creator (BSC – Barcelona Supercomputing Center) be liable for any results arising from the use made by third parties of these models.


Los modelos publicados en este repositorio tienen una finalidad generalista y están a disposición de terceros. Estos modelos pueden tener sesgos y/u otro tipo de distorsiones indeseables.

Cuando terceros desplieguen o proporcionen sistemas y/o servicios a otras partes usando alguno de estos modelos (o utilizando sistemas basados en estos modelos) o se conviertan en usuarios de los modelos, deben tener en cuenta que es su responsabilidad mitigar los riesgos derivados de su uso y, en todo caso, cumplir con la normativa aplicable, incluyendo la normativa en materia de uso de inteligencia artificial.

En ningún caso el propietario de los modelos (SEDIA – Secretaría de Estado de Digitalización e Inteligencia Artificial) ni el creador (BSC – Barcelona Supercomputing Center) serán responsables de los resultados derivados del uso que hagan terceros de estos modelos.