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▁In ▁order ▁to ▁en force ▁his ▁sh ak y ▁authority ▁over ▁Spain ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁French ▁birth , ▁Philip ▁V ▁decided ▁to ▁maintain ▁t ies ▁with ▁Victor ▁Ama de us ▁II , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Sav oy . ▁Philip ▁and ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁were ▁Second ▁c ous ins ▁through ▁Louis ▁XIII . ▁Philip ▁V ' s ▁brother , ▁Louis , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Burg und y , ▁had ▁married ▁the ▁elder ▁sister ▁of ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁several ▁years ▁earlier , ▁and ▁in ▁mid - 1 7 0 1 , ▁Philip ▁V ▁asked ▁for ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ' s ▁hand ▁with ▁the ▁permission ▁of ▁his ▁grand father ▁Louis ▁XIV . ▁ ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁was ▁wed ▁by ▁proxy ▁to ▁Philip ▁V ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁September ▁ 1 7 0 1 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁th ir teen ▁and ▁was ▁esc orted ▁to ▁Nice , ▁arriv ing ▁there ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September . ▁While ▁in ▁Nice , ▁she ▁was ▁gre et ed ▁by ▁Pope ▁Clement ▁XI ▁who ▁gave ▁her ▁the ▁Golden ▁Rose ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁as ▁a ▁rit ual istic ▁gift ▁for ▁the ▁young ▁prin cess . ▁Within ▁a ▁week , ▁she ▁sa iled ▁from ▁Nice ▁for ▁Ant ib es ▁and ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁Barcelona . ▁▁ ▁The ▁official ▁wed ding ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 1 7 0 1 . ▁ ▁Queen ▁Philip ▁V ▁was ▁deeply ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁her ▁from ▁the ▁start : ▁as ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁his ▁next ▁cons ort , ▁he ▁was ▁sex ually ▁dependent |
▁on ▁her , ▁as ▁his ▁religious ▁sc ru ples ▁prevent ed ▁him ▁from ▁exer cis ing ▁any ▁sexual ▁life ▁outside ▁of ▁marriage . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁very ▁beautiful ▁and ▁intellig ent . ▁ ▁Un like ▁what ▁was ▁normal ▁for ▁a ▁Spanish ▁monarch , ▁he ▁usually ▁sle pt ▁in ▁her ▁bed ▁the ▁entire ▁night , ▁and ▁ins isted ▁upon ▁his ▁conjug al ▁rights . ▁▁▁ ▁Al ready ▁shortly ▁after ▁their ▁marriage , ▁the ▁French ▁amb assador , ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Gram ont ▁reported ▁to ▁Philip ’ s ▁grand father , ▁Louis ▁XIV , ▁that ▁Philip ▁would ▁be ▁completely ▁govern ed ▁by ▁his ▁sp ouse ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁one , ▁a ▁report ▁that ▁led ▁Louis ▁XIV ▁to ▁warn ▁him ▁not ▁to ▁allow ▁his ▁queen ▁to ▁domin ate ▁him . ▁ ▁Marie ▁Lu isa ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁remark ably ▁m ature ▁for ▁her ▁age , ▁polit ically ▁sav vy , ▁art ic ulate ▁and ▁hard working , ▁and ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁cred ited ▁with ▁giving ▁the ▁normally ▁pass ive ▁Philip ▁V ▁the ▁energy ▁he ▁needed ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁war fare . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 0 2 , ▁Philip ▁V ▁was ▁obliged ▁to ▁leave ▁Spain ▁to ▁fight ▁in ▁Nap les ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁on going ▁War ▁of ▁Spanish ▁Su cc ession . ▁During ▁her ▁husband ' s ▁absence , ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁acted ▁as ▁Reg ent ▁from ▁Madrid . ▁She ▁was ▁pra ised ▁as ▁an ▁effective ▁r uler , ▁having ▁successfully ▁implemented ▁various ▁changes ▁in ▁government ▁and |
▁ins isted ▁upon ▁all ▁compla ints ▁being ▁investig ated ▁and ▁reports ▁made ▁direct ▁to ▁her . ▁Her ▁leadership ▁encourag ed ▁the ▁re organ ization ▁in ▁the ▁jun ta ▁and , ▁in ▁doing ▁this , ▁insp iring ▁people ▁and ▁their ▁cities ▁to ▁make ▁don ations ▁towards ▁the ▁war ▁effort . ▁Despite ▁being ▁only ▁four teen ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ' s ▁effective ▁reg ency ▁made ▁her ▁adm ired ▁in ▁Madrid ▁and ▁throughout ▁Spain . ▁During ▁her ▁ten ure ▁as ▁reg ent , ▁she ▁pres ided ▁daily ▁at ▁the ▁committee ▁of ▁government , ▁gave ▁aud ien ces ▁to ▁amb ass adors , ▁worked ▁for ▁hours ▁with ▁minister s , ▁correspond ed ▁with ▁Philip ▁and ▁worked ▁to ▁prevent ▁Sav oy ▁from ▁joining ▁the ▁enemy . ▁ ▁The ▁Prin ces se ▁des ▁Urs ins ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁household ▁of ▁the ▁Queen . ▁She ▁would ▁maintain ▁great ▁influence ▁over ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁as ▁her ▁Cam ar era ▁mayor ▁de ▁Pala cio , ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁household ▁to ▁the ▁queen . ▁ ▁The ▁Prin ces se ▁des ▁Urs ins ▁maintained ▁as ▁strong ▁domin ance ▁of ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁by ▁using ▁all ▁the ▁rights ▁of ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁queen ▁that ▁her ▁position ▁entitled ▁her ▁to : ▁she ▁was ▁almost ▁constantly ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁the ▁queen , ▁accompanied ▁her ▁wherever ▁she ▁went ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁she ▁left ▁her ▁private ▁rooms , ▁followed ▁her ▁to ▁the ▁council ▁meet ings , ▁where ▁she ▁listened ▁sitting ▁by ▁the ▁side ▁se wing ; ▁followed ▁her ▁back ▁to ▁her |
▁rooms , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁most ▁int imate ▁personal ▁tasks ; ▁dress ing ▁and ▁und ress ing ▁her , ▁and ▁cont rolling ▁who ever ▁wished ▁to ▁come ▁into ▁her ▁presence . ▁ ▁As ▁Philip ▁V , ▁contrary ▁to ▁the ▁custom ▁of ▁the ▁time , ▁actually ▁shared ▁a ▁bed room ▁with ▁Maria ▁Lu isa , ▁the ▁Prin ces se ▁also ▁had ▁enorm ous ▁influence ▁over ▁the ▁king ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁After ▁her ▁husband ' s ▁return ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 3 , ▁she ▁res umed ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁queen ▁cons ort . ▁In ▁ 1 7 0 4 , ▁the ▁Prin ces se ▁des ▁Urs ins ▁was ▁ex iled ▁at ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Louis ▁XIV , ▁dev ast ating ▁Maria ▁Lu isa . ▁However , ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 5 , ▁the ▁Prin ces se ▁returned ▁to ▁Madrid , ▁much ▁to ▁the ▁joy ▁of ▁the ▁queen . ▁ ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁the ▁couple ' s ▁first ▁child , ▁Inf ante ▁Luis ▁F eli pe ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 7 . ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁three ▁more ▁children , ▁two ▁of ▁whom ▁would ▁surv ive ▁inf ancy . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁her ▁life , ▁the ▁Queen ▁became ▁ill . ▁She ▁would ▁die ▁from ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁t uber cul osis ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁February ▁ 1 7 1 4 . ▁She ▁was ▁buried ▁at ▁San ▁Lorenzo ▁de ▁El ▁Esc orial . ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁died ▁in ▁her ▁ 2 5 |
th ▁year . ▁▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ 1 7 1 4 , ▁just ▁months ▁after ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ' s ▁death , ▁her ▁wid ower ▁Philip ▁V ▁rem ar ried ▁by ▁proxy , ▁to ▁Elisabeth ▁F arn ese , ▁the ▁only ▁child ▁and ▁he ir ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Par ma . ▁All ▁of ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ' s ▁children ▁were ▁to ▁die ▁without ▁issue , ▁thus ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁descend ants ▁of ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁of ▁Sav oy . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁nick named ▁La ▁Sav oy ana ▁by ▁her ▁ad oring ▁subjects ▁and ▁was ▁well - lo ved ▁in ▁Spain . ▁After ▁her ▁death , ▁both ▁of ▁her ▁sons ▁that ▁lived ▁past ▁child hood , ▁her ▁young est ▁and ▁oldest , ▁were ▁to ▁become ▁Kings ▁of ▁Spain . ▁Her ▁nie ce , ▁Princess ▁Maria ▁Lu isa ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁her . ▁ ▁Issue ▁ ▁Louis ▁I ▁of ▁Spain ▁( 2 5 ▁August ▁ 1 7 0 7 ▁– ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 1 7 2 4 ) ▁married ▁Louise ▁É lis abeth ▁d ' O rl é ans , ▁no ▁issue . ▁Inf ante ▁Philip ▁of ▁Spain ▁( 2 ▁July ▁ 1 7 0 9 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 1 7 0 9 ). ▁Inf ante ▁Philip ▁of ▁Spain ▁( 7 ▁June ▁ 1 7 1 2 ▁– ▁ 2 9 ▁December ▁ 1 7 1 9 ) ▁died ▁in ▁child hood . ▁Ferdinand ▁VI ▁of ▁Spain ▁( 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 7 |
1 3 ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 1 7 5 9 ) ▁married ▁Inf anta ▁Maria ▁Barbara ▁of ▁Portugal , ▁no ▁issue . ▁ ▁An c est ry ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Ro yal ▁cons ort s ▁of ▁Nap les ▁Category : Ro yal ▁cons ort s ▁of ▁Sic ily ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁death s ▁from ▁t uber cul osis ▁Category : Span ish ▁royal ▁cons ort s ▁Category : Reg ents ▁of ▁Spain ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁Italian ▁people ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Italian ▁people ▁Category : 1 6 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 1 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Tur in ▁Category : Pr in cess es ▁of ▁Sav oy ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁in ▁the ▁P ant he on ▁of ▁Kings ▁at ▁El ▁Esc orial ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁women ▁r ul ers ▁Category : H ouse ▁of ▁Sav oy ▁Category : H ouse ▁of ▁Bour bon ▁( Sp ain ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Conserv ative ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁( Ital ian ▁Part ito ▁b org h ese ▁dem ocrat ico ▁dei ▁Gr ig ioni , ▁Rom ans h ▁Part ida ▁burg ais ▁dem ocrat ica ▁dal ▁Gr isch un ) ▁is ▁a ▁political ▁party ▁in ▁the ▁Swiss ▁canton ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the |
▁party ▁was ▁called ▁Swiss ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁Gra ub ünd en , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Swiss ▁People ' s ▁Party . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁What ' s ▁Your ▁Number ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁" What ' s ▁Your ▁Number ?" ▁( song ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁single ▁by ▁Cy press ▁Hill ▁What ' s ▁Your ▁Number ?, ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁American ▁comedy ▁film <0x0A> </s> ▁Three ▁L akes ▁Valley ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁long , ▁ ▁partially ▁end or he ic ▁valley ▁in ▁south west ▁Lincoln ▁County ▁and ▁north west ▁Clark ▁County , ▁Nev ada . ▁ ▁The ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁has ▁a ▁narrow ing ▁with ▁was hes ▁that ▁flow ▁south ▁into ▁the ▁waters hed ▁of ▁the ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Valley , ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁to ▁Lake ▁M ead – Color ado ▁River ▁waters h eds . ▁ ▁Description ▁Three ▁L akes ▁Valley ▁is ▁short , ▁only ▁about ▁ 2 5 mi ▁long , ▁mostly ▁north - s outh ▁tr ending . ▁The ▁valley ▁ex its ▁south west wards ▁between ▁the ▁fo oth ills ▁of ▁per imeter ▁mountains . ▁ ▁The ▁border ing ▁mountain ▁ranges ▁are ▁the ▁P int water ▁Range , ▁arc - sh aped ▁and ▁north - s outh ▁tr ending , ▁on ▁the ▁west . ▁The ▁eastern ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁are ▁mostly ▁the |
▁East ▁Des ert ▁Range ▁in ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁n ortheast ; ▁in ▁the ▁extreme ▁sout heast ▁lies ▁the ▁northern ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁Des ert ▁Range , ▁where ▁was hes ▁exit ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁to ▁flow ▁into ▁the ▁north west - by - s out heast ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Valley . ▁ ▁The ▁Dog ▁B one ▁Lake ▁lake bed ▁compr ises ▁about ▁half ▁the ▁valley . ▁Short ▁was hes ▁mark ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁west ▁valley ▁per imeter ; ▁a ▁longer ▁string ▁of ▁was hes ▁extend ▁north west ▁into ▁a ▁narrow ing ▁waters hed ▁source , ▁between ▁the ▁convergence ▁of ▁the ▁northern ▁P int water ▁Range ▁and ▁the ▁north west ▁of ▁the ▁East ▁Des ert ▁Range . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Val le ys ▁of ▁Nev ada ▁Category : Val le ys ▁of ▁Clark ▁County , ▁Nev ada ▁Category : Val le ys ▁of ▁Lincoln ▁County , ▁Nev ada <0x0A> </s> ▁By gra ve ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁H ert ford shire ▁district ▁of ▁H ert ford shire , ▁England . ▁▁ ▁By gra ve ▁or ▁By gra ves ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Adam ▁By gra ve ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 9 ), ▁English ▁footballer ▁def ender ▁ ▁Joe ▁By gra ves ▁( 1 9 3 1 – 2 0 1 2 ), ▁British ▁heavy weight ▁box er ▁ ▁Max ▁By gra ves ▁( 1 9 2 2 – 2 0 1 2 ), ▁English ▁com ed ian ▁and ▁singer ▁ ▁Phill ip ▁By gra |
ve ▁( 1 9 2 9 – 2 0 1 2 ), ▁New ▁Zealand ▁field ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Rose ▁By gra ve ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 5 ), ▁Australian ▁singer ▁and ▁song writer ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁By gra ve ▁slide ▁rule , ▁an ▁e pon ym ous ▁slide ▁rule <0x0A> </s> ▁Silver ▁Dol ph in ▁Books is ▁a ▁publish er ▁of ▁activity , ▁novel ty , ▁and ▁educational ▁non f iction ▁books ▁for ▁pr esch ool ers ▁to ▁ 1 2 - year - olds . ▁Their ▁focus ▁is ▁to ▁create ▁books ▁that ▁eng age ▁and ▁insp ire ▁children ▁to ▁learn ▁more ▁about ▁the ▁world ▁around ▁them ▁while ▁fost ering ▁a ▁love ▁of ▁reading , ▁expl oration , ▁and ▁cre ative ▁expression . ▁From ▁illustrated ▁board ▁books ▁for ▁to dd lers , ▁to ▁interactive ▁play ▁and ▁building ▁sets , ▁to ▁sound ▁books ▁made ▁for ▁story ▁time , ▁they ▁develop ▁books ▁that ▁are ▁designed ▁to ▁both ▁en light en ▁and ▁entertain . ▁ ▁Silver ▁Dol ph in ▁Books ▁are ▁distributed ▁by ▁Publish ers ▁Group ▁West . ▁They ▁are ▁an ▁im print ▁of ▁Pr inter s ▁Row ▁Publishing ▁Group , ▁whose ▁other ▁im print s ▁are ▁Th under ▁Bay ▁Press , ▁Port able ▁Press , ▁and ▁Can ter bury ▁Class ics . ▁ ▁Category : Book ▁publishing ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁Category : Pub lish ing ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁S ats uki ▁az ale a ▁is |
▁a ▁cultiv ar ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁species ▁Rh od od end ron ▁indic um , ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁az ale a ▁extens ively ▁cultiv ated ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese . ▁It ▁is ▁native ▁to ▁the ▁mountains ▁of ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Description ▁S ats uki ▁az ale as ▁have ▁a ▁diverse ▁range ▁of ▁flower ▁forms ▁and ▁color ▁patterns ▁with ▁multiple ▁patterns ▁often ▁appearing ▁on ▁a ▁single ▁plant . ▁S ats uki ▁blo om ▁from ▁May ▁to ▁June ; ▁the ▁name ▁“ S ats uki ” ▁in ▁Japanese ▁is ▁reference ▁to ▁their ▁blo oming ▁period , ▁the ▁fifth ▁month ▁of ▁the ▁Asian ▁lun ar ▁calendar . ▁They ▁are ▁commonly ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁subject ▁in ▁b ons ai ▁and ▁many ▁b ons ai ▁enthus iast s ▁and ▁shows ▁are ▁dedicated ▁sole ly ▁to ▁them . ▁There ▁are ▁thousands ▁of ▁different ▁vari eties , ▁but ▁some ▁popular ▁ones ▁are ▁ch in zan , ▁k aho , ▁gy oten , ▁os ak as uki , ▁e ikan , ▁n ik ko , ▁ha k ure i , ▁ha kur in , ▁k ins ai , ▁and ▁many ▁more . ▁ ▁B ons ai ▁ ▁S ats uki ▁az ale as ▁are ▁popular ▁b ons ai ▁plants ▁for ▁many ▁reasons . ▁It ▁can ▁take ▁a ▁hard ▁pr uning , ▁the ▁flowers ▁are ▁amaz ing , ▁and ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁developed ▁fast . ▁Since ▁az ale as ▁prefer ▁to ▁be ▁slightly ▁acid ic , ▁a ▁popular ▁soil ▁to ▁grow ▁them ▁in ▁is ▁kan uma . ▁ ▁Rep ot ting ▁is ▁a |
▁big ▁stress ▁to ▁any ▁tree , ▁and ▁bare ▁root ing ▁is ▁the ▁biggest ▁stress ▁to ▁a ▁tree . ▁When ▁rep ot ting ▁S ats uki ▁az ale as , ▁it ▁is ▁better ▁to ▁do ▁it ▁in ▁early ▁to ▁mid ▁spring . ▁Some ▁people ▁say ▁that ▁you ▁should ▁rep ot ▁after ▁flow ering , ▁but ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Probably , ▁this ▁is ▁mistaken ▁as ▁happening ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁Flow ering ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁biggest ▁stress ▁to ▁a ▁S ats uki . ▁So ▁rep ot ting ▁and ▁flow ering ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁health y ▁thing ▁to ▁do ▁for ▁a ▁tree . ▁That ▁is ▁why ▁when ▁rep ot ting , ▁do ▁not ▁let ▁the ▁S ats uki ▁flower ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Instead , ▁use ▁a ▁three - year ▁cycle , ▁allowing ▁rep ot ting ▁in ▁year ▁ 1 , ▁rest y ling ▁in ▁year ▁ 2 ▁and ▁flow ering ▁in ▁year ▁ 3 . ▁Kan uma ▁is ▁a ▁recommended ▁soil ▁for ▁S ats uki ▁az ale as . ▁Also , ▁it ▁is ▁popular ▁to ▁put ▁y am ag oki ▁m oss ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁soil ▁to ▁keep ▁them ▁mo ist . ▁This ▁will ▁benefit ▁the ▁many ▁fe eder ▁roots ▁of ▁the ▁tree . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : R hod od end ron ▁Category : B ons ai ▁Category : Or n amental ▁plant ▁cultiv ars <0x0A> </s> ▁Ali ▁Fe h mi ▁D ž ab ić ▁( 1 8 |
5 3 ▁– ▁ 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁mu ft i ▁of ▁Most ar , ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁D ž ab ić ▁was ▁a ▁figure ▁in ▁the ▁F ata ▁O man ović ▁case ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 9 . ▁He ▁remained ▁in ▁Constantin ople ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : B os n ian ▁Muslim s ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁Category : 1 8 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁death s ▁Category : B os nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Muslim s ▁Category : B os nia ks ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Most ar <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Joseph ▁" J . J ." ▁Brown ▁( Se ptember ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 ), ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁min ing ▁engineer , ▁invent or , ▁and ▁self - made ▁member ▁of ▁fashion able ▁" soci ety ". ▁His ▁wife ▁was ▁R MS ▁T itan ic ▁surv iv or ▁Mol ly ▁Brown . ▁ ▁J . J . ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Way mart , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁His ▁father , ▁James ▁Brown , ▁was ▁an ▁Irish ▁imm igr ant . ▁His ▁mother , ▁Cec ilia ▁Pal mer , ▁was ▁a ▁school te acher . ▁J . J ' s ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Pitt ston , ▁Pennsylvania ▁shortly ▁after |
▁his ▁birth . ▁J . J ' s ▁mother ▁home - sch oo led ▁him ▁and ▁later ▁sent ▁him ▁to ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁Academy . ▁He ▁left ▁home ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 3 , ▁l ured ▁by ▁the ▁rich es ▁in ▁the ▁West . ▁His ▁first ▁stop ▁was ▁a ▁farm ▁in ▁Neb r aska . ▁From ▁Neb r aska ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁pla cer ▁mines ▁in ▁the ▁Dak ot as . ▁He ▁spent ▁two ▁years ▁learning ▁the ▁min ing ▁trade ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Colorado ▁where ▁he ▁tried ▁his ▁luck ▁in ▁Ge or get own , ▁Asp en , ▁and ▁Ash cro ft . ▁He ▁spent ▁another ▁two ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁Asp en ▁and ▁Ash cro ft ▁area ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Al ma , ▁Fair play , ▁Red ▁Cl iff , ▁and , ▁finally , ▁Le ad ville . ▁He ▁studied ▁ge ology , ▁ore ▁depos its , ▁and ▁min ing ▁techniques ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁better ▁min er . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁J . J . ▁married ▁Margaret ▁Tob in ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 8 6 , ▁in ▁Le ad ville ' s ▁Ann unci ation ▁Church . ▁Margaret ▁was ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁The ▁Un s ink able ▁Mol ly ▁Brown ▁when ▁a ▁Broadway ▁fict ional ized ▁movie ▁about ▁her ▁life ▁titled , ▁The ▁Un s ink able ▁Mol ly ▁Brown ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁That ▁was ▁how ▁Margaret ' s ▁mon iker ▁Mol ly ▁was ▁acquired . ▁Margaret ▁Brown |
▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁surv iv ors ▁of ▁the ▁R MS ▁T itan ic ▁s inking ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁their ▁marriage , ▁J . J . ▁was ▁ 3 1 ▁and ▁Margaret ▁was ▁ 1 9 . ▁They ▁first ▁settled ▁in ▁Le ad ville , ▁Colorado ▁in ▁a ▁small , ▁two - room ▁log ▁cabin , ▁then ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁two ▁bed room ▁house ▁at ▁ 3 2 0 ▁East ▁N inth ▁Street . ▁ ▁The ▁Brow ns ▁had ▁two ▁children . ▁Their ▁first ▁child , ▁Lawrence ▁Pal mer ▁Brown , ▁nick named ▁Larry , ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁August ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁in ▁his ▁mat ernal ▁grand par ents ' ▁four ▁room ▁c ott age ▁near ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁in ▁Hann ib al , ▁Missouri . ▁Larry ▁married ▁E ile en ▁Elizabeth ▁H orton ▁( 1 8 9 0 – 1 9 8 5 ) ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri . ▁They ▁had ▁two ▁children , ▁Lawrence ▁Pal mer ▁" Pat " ▁Brown ▁Jr . ▁( 1 9 1 1 – 1 9 7 6 ) ▁and ▁Elizabeth ▁" B et ty " ▁Brown ▁( 1 9 1 3 – 1 9 7 4 ). ▁The ▁marriage ▁failed ▁and ▁Larry ▁married ▁Hollywood ▁actress ▁M ild red ▁Gregory ▁( 1 8 9 5 – 1 9 5 6 ) ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 |
6 ▁in ▁B ever ly ▁Hills , ▁California . ▁This ▁marriage ▁produced ▁no ▁other ▁children . ▁Larry ▁died ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁J . J . ▁and ▁Margaret ' s ▁second ▁child , ▁Catherine ▁Ellen ▁Brown , ▁nick named ▁Helen , ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁in ▁her ▁parents ' ▁three ▁bed room ▁house ▁at ▁ 3 2 2 ▁West ▁Se vent h ▁Street ▁in ▁Le ad ville , ▁Colorado . ▁She ▁married ▁George ▁Joseph ▁Peter ▁Adel heid ▁Ben z iger ▁( 1 8 7 7 – 1 9 7 0 ) ▁on ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois . ▁Her ▁children ▁were ▁James ▁George ▁Ben z iger ▁( 1 9 1 4 – 1 9 9 5 ) ▁and ▁George ▁Peter ▁Joseph ▁Adel rich ▁Ben z iger ▁( 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 8 5 ). ▁Her ▁grand children ▁include ▁Brad ford ▁Ben z iger ▁( born ▁December ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 ), ▁K atherine ▁Ben z iger ▁( born ▁July ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ), ▁Vincent ▁Ben z iger ▁( born ▁August ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ), ▁Pam ela ▁Ben z iger ▁F ee ley ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁Alice ▁Lyn ne ▁Dav y ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8 ), ▁Helen ▁Anne ▁Ben z iger ▁McK in |
ney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁and ▁He idi ▁R aut io ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 2 ). ▁Helen ▁died , ▁aged ▁ 8 1 , ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁Jackson ▁County ▁N urs ing ▁Home ▁Car b ond ale , ▁Jackson ▁County ▁Illinois . ▁ ▁Se par ation ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁after ▁ 2 3 ▁years ▁of ▁marriage , ▁J . J . ▁and ▁Mol ly ▁signed ▁a ▁separation ▁agreement ▁and ▁went ▁their ▁separate ▁ways . ▁The ▁agreement ▁gave ▁Margaret ▁a ▁c ash ▁settlement ▁and ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁m ansion ▁on ▁Pennsylvania ▁Street ▁in ▁Den ver ' s ▁We alth y ▁Capital ▁Hill ▁neighborhood , ▁and ▁also ▁the ▁summer ▁m ansion ▁Av oca ▁L odge ▁in ▁South west ▁Den ver , ▁near ▁Bear ▁Cre ak . ▁She ▁also ▁received ▁a ▁$ 7 0 0 ▁month ly ▁allow ance ▁( equ ivalent ▁to ▁$ 1 9 , 0 6 6 ▁today ) ▁to ▁continue ▁her ▁travel s ▁and ▁phil anth rop ic ▁activities . ▁Although ▁they ▁never ▁recon ci led , ▁they ▁remained ▁connected ▁and ▁c ared ▁for ▁each ▁other ▁throughout ▁their ▁lives . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁J . J .' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁Margaret ▁told ▁newsp apers ▁" I ' ve ▁never ▁met ▁a ▁fin er , ▁bigger , ▁more ▁worth while ▁man ▁than ▁J . J . ▁Brown ." ▁ ▁Career ▁Although ▁J . J . |
▁was ▁not ▁born ▁into ▁wealth , ▁he ▁was ▁am bit ious , ▁smart , ▁and ▁char ism atic . ▁He ▁quickly ▁rose ▁through ▁the ▁min ing ▁ranks ▁to ▁shift - b oss ▁and ▁tim ber man . ▁He ▁was ▁for eman ▁of ▁the ▁Louis ville ▁Mine ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁he ▁and ▁Margaret ▁met . ▁By ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁he ▁was ▁super int endent ▁of ▁the ▁Louis ville ▁Mine , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁he ▁was ▁super int endent ▁of ▁the ▁Henri ette ▁& ▁Ma id ▁Cons olid ated ▁M ining ▁Company , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁product ive ▁mines ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁The ▁Brown ▁family ▁came ▁into ▁great ▁wealth ▁when ▁J . J ' s ▁engineering ▁efforts ▁proved ▁instrument al ▁in ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁a ▁substantial ▁gold ▁and ▁co pper ▁se am ▁at ▁the ▁Little ▁Jon ny ▁mine ▁of ▁his ▁employ ers , ▁Ib ex ▁M ining ▁Company . ▁ ▁Little ▁Jon ny ▁mine ▁J . J ., ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁super int endent ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Ib ex ▁properties , ▁de vised ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁using ▁b aled ▁hay ▁and ▁tim bers ▁to ▁stop ▁cave - ins . ▁His ▁in vention ▁paid ▁off . ▁When ▁the ▁Little ▁Jon ny ▁mine ▁opened , ▁vast ▁quantities ▁of ▁high - grade ▁co pper ▁and ▁gold ▁were ▁found . ▁The ▁grade ▁of ▁gold ▁was ▁so ▁pure ▁and ▁the ▁ve in ▁so ▁wide ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁her ald ed ▁as ▁the ▁world ' s ▁rich est ▁gold |
▁strike . ▁By ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁the ▁Little ▁Jon ny ▁was ▁sh ipping ▁ 1 3 5 ▁tons ▁ ▁of ▁gold ▁ore ▁per ▁day . ▁J . J . ▁was ▁awarded ▁ 1 2 , 5 0 0 ▁shares ▁or ▁ 1 2 . 5 % ▁of ▁stock ▁and ▁a ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁board . ▁The ▁Ib ex ▁Company ▁and ▁its ▁own ers , ▁including ▁the ▁Brow ns , ▁became ▁extra ordin arily ▁wealth y . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁the ▁Brow ns ▁moved ▁to ▁Den ver , ▁Colorado , ▁bu ying ▁a ▁$ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Victor ian ▁m ansion ▁in ▁Den ver ' s ▁wealth y ▁Capit ol ▁Hill ▁neighborhood . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁they ▁built ▁a ▁summer ▁m ansion ▁Av oca ▁L odge ▁in ▁South west ▁Den ver , ▁near ▁Bear ▁Cre ak . ▁ ▁Death ▁On ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁J . J . ▁died ▁after ▁suffering ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁heart ▁attacks ▁at ▁a ▁hospital ▁in ▁N ass au , ▁New ▁York , ▁with ▁his ▁daughter ▁Catherine ▁by ▁his ▁side . ▁He ▁died ▁without ▁a ▁will , ▁and ▁it ▁took ▁ 5 ▁years ▁of ▁fighting ▁between ▁Margaret ▁and ▁her ▁two ▁children ▁to ▁sett le ▁the ▁estate . ▁Due ▁to ▁their ▁lav ish ▁sp ending , ▁J . J . ▁left ▁an ▁estate ▁val ued ▁at ▁only ▁$ 2 3 8 , 0 0 0 ▁( |
worth ▁$ ▁today ). ▁Margaret ▁was ▁to ▁receive ▁$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁c ash ▁and ▁se cur ities , ▁and ▁the ▁interest ▁on ▁a ▁$ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁trust ▁fund ▁set ▁up ▁in ▁her ▁name . ▁$ 1 1 8 , 0 0 0 ▁was ▁divided ▁between ▁her ▁two ▁children . ▁Her ▁son ▁Lawrence ▁received ▁a ▁$ 5 9 , 0 0 0 ▁( worth ▁$ ▁today ) ▁trust ▁fund , ▁and ▁her ▁daughter ▁Catherine ▁received ▁a ▁$ 5 9 , 0 0 0 ▁trust ▁fund . ▁From ▁that ▁time ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁Margaret ▁had ▁no ▁contact ▁with ▁her ▁two ▁children ▁( but ▁Margaret ' s ▁page ▁says ▁they ▁were ▁recon ci led ). ▁Both ▁J . J . ▁and ▁Margaret ▁are ▁buried ▁in ▁the ▁C emetery ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Ro od ▁in ▁West bury , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Wayne ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Irish ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁min ing ▁engine ers ▁Category : American ▁business people ▁Category : American ▁invent ors ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁the ▁C emetery ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Ro od ▁Category : James ▁Joseph ▁Brown ▁family ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Le ad ville , ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁La ▁Fr ía ▁Airport ▁, ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Francisco ▁García ▁de ▁He via ▁International |
▁Airport , ▁is ▁an ▁air port ▁serving ▁La ▁Fr ía , ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁T ách ira ▁state ▁of ▁Venezuela . ▁The ▁run way ▁is ▁ ▁north west ▁of ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁The ▁La ▁F ria ▁V OR - D ME ▁( Ident : ▁L FA ) ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁field . ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁destin ations ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Transport ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Sky Vector ▁- ▁La ▁Fr ía ▁Our A ir ports ▁- ▁La ▁Fr ía ▁Open St reet Map ▁- ▁La ▁Fr ía ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁T ách ira <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Dev il ▁and ▁Cir ce ▁( G erman : ▁Te uf el ▁und ▁Cir ce ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁German ▁silent ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Adolf ▁G är t ner ▁and ▁st arring ▁S as cha ▁G ura , ▁Edu ard ▁von ▁Winter stein ▁and ▁Walter ▁von ▁All wo er den . ▁It ▁premier ed ▁in ▁Mun ich ▁on ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁S as cha ▁G ura ▁as ▁Cir ce ▁▁ ▁Walter ▁von ▁All wo er den ▁as ▁Der ▁Te uf el ▁▁ ▁Marg are te ▁K up fer ▁as ▁H exe ▁▁ ▁Edu ard ▁von ▁Winter stein ▁▁▁▁ ▁Hein z ▁Erd mann ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁G range , ▁William . ▁Cultural ▁Chron icle ▁of ▁the ▁We |
imar ▁Republic . ▁Sc are c row ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 1 ▁films ▁Category : G erman ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁of ▁the ▁We imar ▁Republic ▁Category : G erman ▁silent ▁feature ▁films ▁Category : G erman ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Adolf ▁G är t ner ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 s ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : G erman ▁black - and - white ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁() ▁( 2 0 8 ▁– ▁ 2 3 ▁March ▁ 2 5 5 ), ▁cour tes y ▁name ▁Z iy uan , ▁was ▁a ▁military ▁general ▁and ▁reg ent ▁of ▁C ao ▁Wei ▁during ▁the ▁Three ▁Kingdom s ▁period ▁of ▁China . ▁In ▁ 2 4 9 , ▁he ▁assist ed ▁his ▁father ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁in ▁over throw ing ▁the ▁em peror ▁C ao ▁F ang ' s ▁reg ent ▁C ao ▁Sh u ang , ▁allowing ▁the ▁S ima ▁family ▁to ▁become ▁param ount ▁authority ▁in ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁he ▁inherited ▁his ▁father ' s ▁authority ▁after ▁his ▁father ' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 2 5 1 . ▁He ▁maintained ▁a ▁tight ▁g rip ▁on ▁the ▁political ▁scene ▁and , ▁when ▁the ▁em peror , ▁C ao ▁F ang , ▁considered ▁action ▁against ▁him ▁in ▁ 2 5 4 , ▁had ▁him ▁de posed ▁and ▁replaced ▁with ▁his ▁cousin , ▁C ao ▁Ma o . ▁This ▁tight ▁g rip |
▁eventually ▁allowed ▁him ▁to , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 2 5 5 ▁after ▁just ▁having ▁quel led ▁a ▁re bell ion , ▁transition ▁his ▁power ▁to ▁his ▁younger ▁brother , ▁S ima ▁Z ha o , ▁whose ▁son ▁S ima ▁Yan ▁eventually ▁us ur ped ▁the ▁throne ▁and ▁established ▁the ▁Jin ▁dynast y . ▁ ▁After ▁S ima ▁Yan ▁became ▁em peror , ▁he , ▁recogn ising ▁S ima ▁Sh i ' s ▁role ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁imperial ▁status , ▁post hum ously ▁hon oured ▁his ▁uncle ▁as ▁Emperor ▁J ing ▁of ▁Jin ▁( 景 帝 ), ▁with ▁the ▁temple ▁name ▁Sh iz ong ▁( 世 宗 ). ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 2 0 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁S ima ▁Y i ' s ▁oldest ▁son , ▁born ▁of ▁S ima ▁Y i ' s ▁wife , ▁Z hang ▁Ch un h ua ▁( 張 春 華 ). ▁ ▁When ▁he ▁was ▁young , ▁he ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁the ▁eleg ance ▁in ▁his ▁conduct ▁and ▁his ▁intelligence , ▁ear ning ▁him ▁a ▁reputation ▁equal ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁X ia hou ▁X uan ▁and ▁He ▁Yan , ▁with ▁He ▁Yan ▁having ▁gone ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁to ▁once ▁state : ▁" The ▁only ▁person ▁who ▁could ▁have ▁the ▁great ▁achiev ements ▁under ▁the ▁heaven ▁is ▁probably ▁S ima ▁Z iy uan ." ▁As ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁Wei ▁official , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁himself ▁clim bed ▁up ▁the ▁ranks ▁of ▁officials ▁fairly |
▁rapidly . ▁Between ▁the ▁years ▁of ▁ 2 3 7 ▁and ▁ 2 3 9 , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁Caval ier ▁Att endant - in - Ord inary ▁( <0xE6> <0x95> <0xA3> <0xE9> <0xA8> <0x8E> 常 <0xE4> <0xBE> <0x8D> ), ▁and ▁received ▁some ▁prom ot ions ▁to ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Military ▁Prote ctor ▁of ▁the ▁Palace ▁( 中 <0xE8> <0xAD> <0xB7> 軍 ). ▁ ▁Career ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 5 1 ▁ ▁Inc ident ▁at ▁the ▁Ga op ing ▁T omb s ▁ ▁When ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁started ▁planning ▁a ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁against ▁C ao ▁Sh u ang ; ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Jin ▁Sh u , ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁conf ided ▁only ▁in ▁S ima ▁Sh i , ▁ex cluding ▁even ▁Sh i ' s ▁younger ▁brother ▁S ima ▁Z ha o ▁from ▁the ▁discussion ▁( although ▁S ima ▁Gu ang ▁found ▁this ▁unlikely ▁and , ▁in ▁his ▁Z iz hi ▁T ong j ian , ▁op ined ▁that ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁planned ▁the ▁coup ▁with ▁both ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁and ▁S ima ▁Z ha o ). ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁put ▁together ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁loyal ▁men ▁without ▁knowledge ▁by ▁C ao ▁Sh u ang ▁or ▁his ▁associ ates , ▁and ▁when ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁set ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁his ▁plans ▁in ▁ 2 4 9 , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁quickly ▁sum mon ▁the ▁men ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁coup . |
▁ ▁Once ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁over th rew ▁C ao ▁Sh u ang ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁sole ▁reg ent ▁for ▁the ▁em peror , ▁C ao ▁F ang , ▁he ▁reward ed ▁his ▁son ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁Mar qu ess ▁of ▁Ch ang ping xi ang , ▁a ▁large ▁f ief ▁of ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁households , ▁and ▁shortly ▁there after , ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁General ▁of ▁the ▁Gu ards ▁( 衛 <0xE5> <0xB0> <0x87> 軍 ). ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁became ▁his ▁father ' s ▁assistant , ▁although ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁particular ▁record ▁of ▁his ▁accomplish ments ▁during ▁these ▁years . ▁ ▁After ▁S ima ▁Y i ▁died ▁in ▁ 2 5 1 , ▁he ▁took ▁over ▁his ▁father ' s ▁positions ▁without ▁significant ▁opposition — after ▁his ▁father ▁had , ▁earlier ▁that ▁year , ▁suppress ed ▁a ▁failed ▁re bell ion ▁by ▁Wang ▁L ing ▁( 王 <0xE6> <0xB7> <0xA9> ) ▁and ▁mass ac red ▁the ▁cl ans ▁of ▁Wang ▁and ▁his ▁associ ates . ▁ ▁As ▁param ount ▁authority ▁ ▁During ▁C ao ▁F ang ' s ▁reign ▁ ▁Early ▁reg ency ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁rule ▁the ▁government ▁effectively ▁and ▁im partial ly , ▁ordering ▁that ▁all ▁officials ▁recommend ▁tal ents ▁to ▁him , ▁that ▁they ▁define ▁the ▁hier arch ical ▁ranks , ▁take ▁care ▁of ▁the ▁imp over ished ▁and ▁the ▁or phan ed , ▁and ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁delayed ▁personnel ▁affairs . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁his ▁father ' |
s ▁death , ▁the ▁em peror ▁appointed ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁General - in - Ch ief ▁Who ▁Pac ifies ▁the ▁Army ▁( <0xE6> <0x92> <0xAB> 軍 大 <0xE5> <0xB0> <0x87> 軍 ). ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 5 1 , ▁D eng ▁A i , ▁the ▁Grand ▁Administr ator ▁of ▁Ch eng y ang , ▁submitted ▁a ▁mem orial ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁X ion gnu ▁under ▁Li u ▁Ba o ▁were ▁growing ▁too ▁powerful , ▁and ▁therefore ▁proposed ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁giving ▁the ▁X ion gnu ▁under ▁Li u ▁Ba o ▁titles ▁and ▁awards , ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁divide ▁and ▁weak en ▁them , ▁and ▁to ▁further ▁sett le ▁them ▁somewhere ▁further ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁Chinese ▁citizens ▁and ▁to ▁re ed uc ate ▁them ▁on ▁Chinese ▁cultural ▁trad itions , ▁a ▁proposal ▁to ▁which ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁agreed ▁to . ▁▁▁ ▁At ▁around ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁ 2 5 2 , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was ▁further ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁General - in - Ch ief ▁( 大 <0xE5> <0xB0> <0x87> 軍 ), ▁while ▁also ▁being ▁best owed ▁upon ▁a ▁post ▁as ▁Palace ▁Att endant ▁( <0xE4> <0xBE> <0x8D> 中 ), ▁effectively ▁giving ▁him ▁all ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁arm ies ▁station ed ▁both ▁in ▁and ▁outside ▁the ▁palace . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁given ▁authority ▁over ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Secret ariat ▁( <0xE9> <0x8C> <0x84> <0xE5> <0xB0> <0x9A> 書 事 ). ▁▁ ▁It ▁was ▁once ▁proposed ▁to ▁him ▁to ▁alter ▁the ▁existing ▁constitution s , |
▁to ▁which ▁he ▁respond ed : ▁" A ▁poet ▁used ▁to ▁pra ise ▁those ▁who ▁‘ ab ide ▁by ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁the ▁Heaven ly ▁Lord ▁and ▁appear ▁as ▁if ▁they ▁know ▁nothing ▁themselves ’ . ▁The ▁institutions ▁and ▁rules ▁de vised ▁by ▁ancest ors ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁D ynast ies ▁should ▁be ▁comp lied ▁with . ▁If ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁war , ▁there ▁should ▁be ▁no ▁re forms ▁in ▁has te ." ▁ ▁Battle ▁of ▁He fe i ▁ ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was ▁a ▁capable ▁politician ▁and ▁administrator , ▁but ▁he ▁also ▁quickly ▁wanted ▁to ▁prove ▁his ▁military ▁reputation . ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 5 2 , ▁he ▁launched ▁a ▁major ▁attack ▁against ▁Eastern ▁Wu , ▁whose ▁found ing ▁em peror , ▁Sun ▁Qu an , ▁had ▁recently ▁died ▁and ▁whose ▁current ▁em peror , ▁Sun ▁Li ang , ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁reg ency ▁of ▁Zh uge ▁Ke . ▁Zh uge ▁Ke ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁deal ▁S ima ▁Sh i ' s ▁forces , ▁head ed ▁by ▁S ima ▁Z ha o , ▁a ▁major ▁blow ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁D ong x ing , ▁but ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁maintained ▁himself ▁well ▁by ▁making ▁hum ble ▁adm issions ▁of ▁fault s ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁and ▁prom oting ▁the ▁gener als ▁who ▁tried ▁to ▁stop ▁his ▁campaign . ▁In ▁ 2 5 3 , ▁after ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁defeated ▁Zh uge ▁Ke ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁battle , ▁his ▁reputation ▁was ▁established , ▁while ▁Zh uge ▁Ke ' |
s ▁own ▁was ▁und erm ined ▁( due ▁to ▁Zh uge ▁Ke ' s ▁failure ▁to ▁admit ▁fault ), ▁and ▁Zh uge ▁Ke ▁soon ▁fell ▁while ▁S ima ▁Sh i ' s ▁power ▁was ▁aff ir med . ▁ ▁De pos ing ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁In ▁ 2 5 4 , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁made ▁a ▁violent ▁move ▁to ▁cons olid ate ▁his ▁power , ▁at ▁C ao ▁F ang ' s ▁exp ense . ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁had ▁aligned ▁himself ▁with ▁the ▁minister ▁Li ▁F eng ▁( 李 <0xE8> <0xB1> <0x90> ), ▁and ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁had ▁growing ▁susp ic ions ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁plot ting ▁against ▁him . ▁He ▁sum mon ed ▁and ▁inter rog ated ▁Li ▁F eng , ▁and ▁when ▁Li ▁refused ▁to ▁disc lose ▁his ▁convers ations ▁with ▁the ▁em peror , ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁beat ▁him ▁to ▁death ▁with ▁a ▁sword ▁handle ▁and ▁then ▁accused ▁Li ▁F eng ▁and ▁his ▁friends ▁X ia hou ▁X uan ▁( 夏 <0xE4> <0xBE> <0xAF> <0xE7> <0x8E> <0x84> ) ▁and ▁Z hang ▁Ji ▁( 張 <0xE7> <0xB7> <0x9D> ) ▁of ▁tre ason , ▁and ▁had ▁them ▁and ▁their ▁families ▁summar ily ▁executed . ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁was ▁further ▁forced ▁to ▁dep ose ▁his ▁wife ▁Em press ▁Z hang , ▁who ▁was ▁Z hang ▁Ji ' s ▁daughter . ▁These ▁moves ▁further ▁terror ised ▁the ▁officials ▁into ▁submission . ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁was ▁very ▁angry ▁about ▁the ▁death s ▁of ▁Li ▁F eng ▁and ▁Z |
hang ▁Ji , ▁and ▁later ▁in ▁ 2 5 4 , ▁his ▁associ ates ▁submitted ▁a ▁plan ▁to ▁him — that ▁when ▁S ima ▁Sh i ' s ▁brother ▁S ima ▁Z ha o ▁would ▁arrive ▁at ▁the ▁palace ▁for ▁an ▁official ▁visit ▁before ▁heading ▁to ▁his ▁defense ▁post ▁at ▁Ch ang ' an , ▁to ▁kill ▁S ima ▁Z ha o ▁and ▁se ize ▁his ▁troops , ▁and ▁to ▁then ▁use ▁those ▁troops ▁to ▁attack ▁S ima ▁Sh i . ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁was ▁app reh ensive ▁and ▁par al ys ed , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁implement ▁the ▁plan , ▁but ▁news ▁was ▁still ▁le aked ▁to ▁S ima ▁Sh i . ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁then ▁forced ▁C ao ▁F ang ▁to ▁step ▁down , ▁although ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁sp ared ▁his ▁life ▁and ▁gave ▁him ▁his ▁old ▁title ▁of ▁Prince ▁of ▁Q i . ▁When ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁not ified ▁C ao ▁F ang ' s ▁ste pm other , ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁Gu o , ▁that ▁he ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁C ao ▁Pi ' s ▁brother ▁C ao ▁Ju , ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁P eng ch eng , ▁em peror , ▁she ▁managed ▁to ▁persu ade ▁him ▁that ▁such ▁a ▁succession ▁would ▁be ▁impro per — that ▁since ▁C ao ▁Ju ▁was ▁the ▁uncle ▁of ▁her ▁husband , ▁C ao ▁R ui , ▁such ▁a ▁succession ▁would ▁leave ▁C ao ▁R ui ▁effectively ▁son less ▁with ▁no ▁he ir . ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁was |
▁forced ▁to ▁agree ▁with ▁her , ▁and ▁he ▁made , ▁as ▁she ▁suggested , ▁C ao ▁Ma o ▁em peror ▁instead . ▁C ao ▁Ma o , ▁although ▁ 1 4 ▁years ▁old ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁intelligence , ▁and ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁Gu o ▁might ▁have ▁believed ▁that ▁he , ▁alone ▁of ▁the ▁princes ▁and ▁du kes , ▁might ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁chance ▁of ▁counter act ing ▁the ▁Sim as . ▁ ▁During ▁C ao ▁Ma o ' s ▁reign ▁ ▁Second ▁Reb ell ion ▁at ▁Sh ouch un ▁and ▁death ▁ ▁Despite ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁Gu o ' s ▁intent ions ▁and ▁C ao ▁Ma o ' s ▁own ▁intelligence , ▁they ▁made ▁very ▁little ▁impact ▁in ▁trying ▁to ▁stem ▁the ▁t ide ▁of ▁the ▁Sim as ' ▁growing ▁power . ▁In ▁reaction ▁to ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁C ao ▁F ang , ▁the ▁general ▁Gu an q iu ▁J ian , ▁in ▁ 2 5 5 , ▁as ▁the ▁commander ▁in ▁the ▁important ▁eastern ▁city ▁of ▁Sh ouch un ▁( <0xE5> <0xA3> <0xBD> 春 ; ▁in ▁present - day ▁Lu ' an , ▁An hui ), ▁along ▁with ▁another ▁general ▁W en ▁Q in ▁( 文 <0xE6> <0xAC> <0xBD> ), ▁raised ▁a ▁re bell ion ▁against ▁the ▁Sim as , ▁but ▁were ▁quickly ▁cr ushed ▁by ▁S ima ▁Sh i ' s ▁army . ▁Gu an q iu ▁J ian ▁was ▁killed , ▁and ▁his ▁cl an ▁was ▁sla ugh tered . ▁W en ▁Q |
in ▁and ▁his ▁sons ▁fled ▁to ▁Eastern ▁Wu . ▁ ▁The ▁campaign ▁had ▁its ▁to ll s ▁on ▁S ima ▁Sh i , ▁however . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁ill ▁with ▁an ▁eye ▁dis order ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁Gu an q iu ▁J ian ▁and ▁W en ▁Q in ' s ▁re bell ion ▁started , ▁and ▁had ▁just ▁had ▁an ▁eye ▁surg ery . ▁He ▁was ▁initially ▁therefore ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁forces ▁himself ▁and ▁wanted ▁his ▁uncle , ▁S ima ▁Fu , ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁forces ▁against ▁Gu an q iu ▁J ian ▁and ▁W en ▁Q in . ▁At ▁the ▁ur ging ▁of ▁Wang ▁Su , ▁Fu ▁Gu ▁( <0xE5> <0x82> <0x85> <0xE5> <0x98> <0x8F> ), ▁and ▁Zh ong ▁H ui , ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁troops ▁himself , ▁which ▁was ▁important ▁in ▁the ▁victory ▁against ▁Gu an q iu ▁J ian , ▁but ▁during ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ra ids ▁made ▁by ▁W en ▁Q in ' s ▁son ▁W en ▁Yang ▁( 文 <0xE9> <0xB4> <0xA6> ), ▁S ima ▁Sh i , ▁in ▁his ▁anx iety , ▁ag gra v ated ▁the ▁eye ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁just ▁had ▁the ▁operation ▁in — ca using ▁his ▁eye ▁to ▁pop ▁out — and ▁his ▁conditions ▁soon ▁d eter ior ated ▁greatly . ▁ ▁Less ▁than ▁a ▁month ▁after ▁he ▁put ▁down ▁the ▁re bell ion , ▁he ▁died ▁while ▁at ▁X uch ang ▁( <0xE8> <0xA8> <0xB1> 昌 ; ▁in ▁present - day ▁X uch ang , ▁Hen an ), |
▁with ▁his ▁brother ▁S ima ▁Z ha o ▁in ▁attend ance ▁to ▁succeed ▁him . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁S ima ▁Sh i ▁first ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁play able ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁sevent h ▁instal ment ▁of ▁K oe i ' s ▁D ynast y ▁War riors ▁video ▁games ▁series . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List s ▁of ▁people ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Kingdom s ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Chen , ▁Sh ou ▁( 3 rd ▁century ). ▁Records ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Kingdom s ▁( S angu oz hi ). ▁▁▁ ▁F ang , ▁X uan ling ▁( 6 4 8 ). ▁Book ▁of ▁Jin ▁( J in ▁Sh u ). ▁ ▁Pe i , ▁Song z hi ▁( 5 th ▁century ). ▁An not ations ▁to ▁Records ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Kingdom s ▁( S angu oz hi ▁z hu ). ▁ ▁S ima , ▁Gu ang ▁( 1 0 8 4 ). ▁Z iz hi ▁T ong j ian . ▁ ▁Category : C ao ▁Wei ▁gener als ▁Category : C ao ▁Wei ▁reg ents ▁Category : 2 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 5 5 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁X uz hang ▁( aut onym : ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁L olo ish ▁language ▁of ▁Y unn an , ▁China . ▁There ▁are ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁speak ers ▁in ▁X uz hang , ▁W af ang , ▁Long y ang ▁District , ▁Ba os han ▁Pref ect ure . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Yang , ▁C ath ry |
n . ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁L alo ▁regional ▁vari eties : ▁Ph y log eny , ▁dialect ometry , ▁and ▁soci ol ingu istics . ▁Melbourne : ▁La ▁Tro be ▁University ▁Ph D ▁dis sert ation . ▁http :// arrow . lat ro be . edu . au : 8 0 8 0 / v ital / access / Handle Resolver / 1 9 5 9 . 9 / 1 5 3 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Category : L olo ish ▁languages <0x0A> </s> ▁K amen ka ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁settlement ) ▁in ▁Bras ov sky ▁District , ▁Bry ansk ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 , 7 3 4 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Bry ansk ▁O blast <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Men ’ s ▁field ▁hockey ▁Qual ifying ▁Tournament ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁were ▁qual ification ▁tournament s ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁final ▁three ▁sp ots ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁The ▁qual ifying ▁tournament s , ▁which ▁involved ▁ 1 8 ▁teams ▁divided ▁into ▁three ▁groups , ▁with ▁three ▁separate ▁qual ifying ▁tournament s , ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁Chile ▁and ▁Japan , ▁at ▁different ▁times ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Only ▁the ▁w inners ▁of ▁each ▁qual ifying ▁tournament ▁ear nt ▁a ▁ber th ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 |
▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Teams ▁Below ▁is ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁teams ▁who ▁participated ▁in ▁these ▁qual ifying ▁tournament s : ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁International ▁Hockey ▁Federation ▁also ▁named ▁four ▁reserve ▁teams ▁after ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁above ▁teams ▁are ▁failed ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁in ▁this ▁qual ifying ▁tournament , ▁two ▁of ▁them ▁already ▁confirmed ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁reserve ▁list : ▁▁ ▁( replace ▁Cuba ▁in ▁Qual ifying ▁ 1 ) ▁ ▁( replace ▁Egypt ▁in ▁Qual ifying ▁ 2 ) ▁ ▁( replace ▁Bang l adesh ▁in ▁Qual ifying ▁ 2 ) ▁ ▁( replace ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁in ▁Qual ifying ▁ 3 ) ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Pool ▁ ▁Results ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Summer ▁Time ▁( UTC + 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Fif th ▁and ▁sixth ▁ ▁Third ▁and ▁fourth ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Final ▁stand ings ▁▁ ▁Qual ified ▁for ▁the ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Pool ▁ ▁Results ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁Chile ▁Summer ▁Time ▁( UTC - 3 ) ▁ ▁Fif th ▁and ▁sixth ▁ ▁Third ▁and ▁fourth ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Final ▁stand ings ▁▁ ▁Qual ified ▁for ▁the ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Pool ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁Japan ▁Standard ▁Time ▁( UTC + 9 ) ▁ ▁Fif th ▁and ▁sixth ▁ ▁Third ▁and ▁fourth ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Final ▁stand ings ▁▁ ▁Qual ified ▁for ▁the ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ 2 |
0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Qual ifier ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Qual ifier ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Qual ifier <0x0A> </s> ▁Cr ash car burn ▁EP ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁EP ▁by ▁South ▁African ▁rock ▁band , ▁Cr ash car burn . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁ ▁" Bro ken ▁Sky line " ▁ ▁" H ero es " ▁ ▁" S car let ▁Let ter " ▁ ▁" For ▁Every ▁Star " ▁ ▁" Sing ▁This ▁at ▁my ▁W ake " ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Gar th ▁Bar nes ▁– ▁guitar , ▁vocals ▁Mike ▁St ott ▁– ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁D yl an ▁Bel ton ▁– ▁guitar ▁Chris ▁Br ink ▁– ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Br end an ▁Bar nes ▁– ▁drums ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁debut ▁EP s ▁Category : Cr ash car burn ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Brian ▁Car be e ▁is ▁a ▁US ▁born , ▁Australian ▁resident ▁script writer ▁of ▁Acc idents ▁H appen , ▁the ▁first ▁feature ▁film ▁of ▁Andrew ▁Lanc aster , ▁for ▁whom ▁he ▁also ▁wrote ▁and ▁ch ore ograph ed ▁the ▁multi - a ward - win ning ▁short ▁film ▁In ▁Search ▁of ▁Mike . ▁ ▁Car be e ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁dan cer ▁and ▁ch ore ograph er ▁for ▁various ▁companies ▁including ▁Lim bs , ▁Douglas ▁Wright ▁Dance , ▁Ch unk y ▁Move ▁and ▁his ▁own ▁company ▁J ump ▁Gi ants . ▁ ▁He ▁won ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Australian ▁Dance ▁Award ▁for |
▁best ▁ch ore ography ▁for ▁In ▁the ▁Dark , ▁directed ▁by ▁Wend y ▁H oust oun , ▁and ▁won ▁a ▁Special ▁Festival ▁Award ▁for ▁his ▁production ▁of ▁St retch ing ▁It ▁W ider ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁M ardi ▁Gr as ▁Gay ▁and ▁Les bian ▁Arts ▁Festival . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁contemporary ▁dance ▁teacher ▁of ▁note ▁currently ▁based ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : Austral ian ▁ch ore ograph ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Seven o aks ▁Hockey ▁Club ▁is ▁a ▁field ▁hockey ▁club ▁that ▁is ▁based ▁at ▁the ▁V ine ▁Cr icket ▁Gr ound ▁in ▁Seven o aks , ▁Kent . ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁runs ▁five ▁men ' s ▁teams ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁XI ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Men ' s ▁England ▁Hockey ▁League ▁Division ▁One ▁South ▁and ▁five ▁women ' s ▁teams ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁XI ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁England ▁Hockey ▁League ▁Division ▁One ▁South . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : English ▁field ▁hockey ▁clubs ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England ▁Category : S port ▁in ▁Kent <0x0A> </s> ▁A cler is ▁ch aly be ana , ▁the ▁less er ▁map le ▁leaf roller ▁moth , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae . ▁It ▁is |
▁found ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Ark ansas , ▁Connecticut , ▁Florida , ▁Illinois , ▁Indiana , ▁Kentucky , ▁Maine , ▁Maryland , ▁Mississippi , ▁New ▁Ham pshire , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁New ▁York , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁Ohio , ▁Ontario , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁Quebec , ▁South ▁Carolina , ▁Tennessee , ▁West ▁Virginia ▁and ▁Wisconsin . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 2 0 – 2 1 mm . ▁The ▁for ew ings ▁are ▁o live ▁grey . ▁Ad ult s ▁have ▁been ▁recorded ▁on ▁wing ▁from ▁March ▁to ▁November . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁the ▁leaves ▁of ▁A cer ▁rub rum , ▁A cer ▁sac char in um , ▁A cer ▁sp ic atum , ▁Qu erc us ▁rub ra , ▁Bet ula ▁( including ▁Bet ula ▁pap yr if era ), ▁C ory lus ▁and ▁F ag us ▁species . ▁They ▁are ▁light ▁green ▁and ▁reach ▁a ▁length ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 9 mm . ▁Early ▁inst ar ▁lar va e ▁may ▁over w inter ▁in ▁hi bern ac ula ▁on ▁tw igs ▁of ▁their ▁host ▁plant . ▁P up ation ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁fol ded ▁leaf ▁shelter . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁ch aly be ana ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁North ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁G ino ▁F ritt elli ▁( 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁– ▁ 1 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 |
5 0 ) ▁ ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁painter . ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁near ▁Florence , ▁and ▁he ▁en rolled ▁in ▁the ▁Acc adem ia ▁di ▁Belle ▁Ar ti ▁of ▁Florence , ▁then ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Giovanni ▁F att ori . ▁Here ▁he ▁studies ▁orn ament ation , ▁including ▁the ▁art is ans hip ▁of ▁cer am ic ▁or ▁figure ▁making . ▁Part ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁was ▁dedicated ▁to ▁such ▁work , ▁and ▁part ▁was ▁dedicated ▁to ▁painting . ▁His ▁out door ▁painting ▁of ▁land sc apes ▁was ▁influenced ▁directly ▁by ▁the ▁Flor ent ine ▁School ▁of ▁Mac chia oli ▁pain ters . ▁He ▁lived ▁and ▁worked ▁Or vi eto ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Tri este . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 ▁death s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Italian ▁pain ters ▁Category : Ital ian ▁male ▁pain ters ▁Category : F lor ent ine ▁pain ters ▁Category : Acc adem ia ▁di ▁Belle ▁Ar ti ▁di ▁Fir enze ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁en zym ology , ▁a ▁ 1 6 alpha - h ydro x yst ero id ▁de h ydro gen ase ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁en zym e ▁that ▁catal y zes ▁the ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁ ▁a ▁ 1 6 alpha - h ydro x yst ero id ▁+ ▁N AD ( P )+ ▁ ▁a ▁ 1 6 - ox |
ost ero id ▁+ ▁N AD ( P ) H ▁+ ▁H + ▁ ▁The ▁ 3 ▁substr ates ▁of ▁this ▁en zym e ▁are ▁ 1 6 alpha - h ydro x yst ero id , ▁N AD + , ▁and ▁N AD P + , ▁whereas ▁its ▁ 4 ▁products ▁are ▁ 1 6 - ox ost ero id , ▁N AD H , ▁N AD PH , ▁and ▁H + . ▁ ▁This ▁en zym e ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁ox id ored uct ases , ▁specifically ▁those ▁acting ▁on ▁the ▁CH - OH ▁group ▁of ▁don or ▁with ▁N AD + ▁or ▁N AD P + ▁as ▁accept or . ▁The ▁system atic ▁name ▁of ▁this ▁en zym e ▁class ▁is ▁ 1 6 alpha - h ydro x yst ero id : N AD ( P )+ ▁ 1 6 - ox id ored uct ase . ▁This ▁en zym e ▁is ▁also ▁called ▁ 1 6 alpha - h ydro xy ▁ster oid ▁de h ydro gen ase . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : EC ▁ 1 . 1 . 1 ▁Category : N AD PH - dependent ▁en zym es ▁Category : N AD H - dependent ▁en zym es ▁Category : En zym es ▁of ▁unknown ▁structure <0x0A> </s> ▁El vi ra ▁Lob ato ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁journalist . ▁She ▁has ▁worked ▁at ▁Fol ha ▁de ▁S . Pa ulo ▁for ▁ 2 5 ▁out ▁of ▁ 3 9 ▁years ▁in ▁which ▁she |
▁was ▁a ▁journalist ; ▁she ▁retired ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁She ▁was ▁awarded ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁pr estig ious ▁pri zes ▁for ▁journal ists ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁including ▁Pr êm io ▁Es so , ▁that ▁she ▁received ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁for ▁an ▁investig ative ▁series ▁on ▁the ▁wealth ▁of ▁I gre ja ▁Universal . ▁Because ▁of ▁this ▁work , ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁threatened ▁and ▁public ly ▁per sec uted . ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁ ▁Congress o ▁Internacional ▁de ▁J ornal ismo ▁Investig ativo , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁Tro f é u ▁Mul her ▁Im pr ensa , ▁category ▁" Rep ór ter ▁de ▁site ▁de ▁not í cias ", ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Pr êm io ▁Es so ▁de ▁J ornal ismo , ▁for ▁" Univers al ▁che ga ▁aos ▁ 3 0 ▁anos ▁com ▁imp éri o ▁empres arial ", ▁Fol ha ▁de ▁S . Pa ulo , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Pr êm io ▁C NT ▁de ▁J ornal ismo , ▁for ▁" V í cios ▁de ▁Gest ão ▁Af und aram ▁Var ig ", ▁Fol ha ▁de ▁S . Pa ulo , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Pr êm io ▁Im pr ensa ▁Em br atel , ▁for ▁" T eles ▁n ego ci am ▁comp ra ▁da ▁Em br atel ▁para ▁sub ir ▁pre ços ", ▁Fol ha ▁de ▁S . Pa ulo , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Grande ▁Pr êm io ▁Fol |
ha ▁de ▁J ornal ismo , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B raz ilian ▁journal ists <0x0A> </s> ▁R ao ▁Bah ad ur ▁Sir ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata red dy ▁Na id u ▁K C SI ▁( 1 8 7 5 – 1 9 4 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Indian ▁lawyer , ▁professor , ▁politician ▁and ▁Justice ▁Party ▁leader ▁ ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁from ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁to ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁from ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party . ▁ ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁ha iled ▁from ▁a ▁prominent ▁Tel aga ▁Kap u ▁family ▁of ▁D rak sh ar ama ▁in ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁Raj ah mund ry ▁Arts ▁College , ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Christian ▁College , ▁Mad ras ▁Law ▁College ▁and ▁Mad ras ▁University ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Professor ▁of ▁Physics ▁at ▁Raj ah mund ry ▁Arts ▁College . ▁ ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁joined ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 - 1 9 2 0 ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁T . ▁M . ▁N air ' s ▁deleg ation ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Later , |
▁when ▁a ▁Justice ▁Party ▁government ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁Mad ras , ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁served ▁under ▁A . ▁Sub bar ay alu ▁Red d iar ▁and ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Development . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al ▁replaced ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Development ▁with ▁T . ▁N . ▁S iv agn an am ▁P illa i . ▁ ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁served ▁as ▁India ' s ▁agent ▁to ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁and ▁acted ▁as ▁the ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁this ▁capacity ▁till ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁Ann am al ai ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁died ▁ ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁in ▁Mad ras . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁death , ▁he ▁was ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁Vice ▁- ▁Chan cell or ▁of ▁Ann am al ai ▁University . ▁And h ra ▁University ▁was ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁temporary ▁prem ises ▁at |
▁Be za w ada ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁by ▁Lord ▁G os chen , ▁the ▁first ▁Chan cell or . ▁G os chen ▁was ▁the ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁from ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁to ▁June ▁ 1 9 2 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Lord ▁Er sk ine ▁who ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁chair ▁up ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁except ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁inter reg num ▁from ▁ 1 8 - 0 6 - 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 0 1 - 1 0 - 1 9 3 6 . ▁During ▁this ▁period ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁was ▁the ▁Governor ▁and ▁ex - o ffic io ▁Chan cell or ▁of ▁And h ra ▁University . ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁for ▁a ▁little ▁over ▁three ▁months ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁his ▁son ▁ ▁Kur ma ▁Ven ug op al as w amy ▁was ▁appointed ▁the ▁Reg istr ar ▁of ▁And h ra ▁University ▁which ▁he ▁held ▁till ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁Thus ▁a ▁father ▁and ▁son ▁occupied ▁high ▁positions ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁And h ra ▁University , ▁a ▁rare ▁phenomen on ▁in ▁the ▁ann als ▁of ▁this ▁university . ▁The ▁younger ▁Kur ma ▁took ▁active ▁interest ▁in ▁amateur ▁theatre ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁efforts , |
▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Theatre ▁Arts ▁was ▁established . ▁The ▁open ▁air ▁theatre ▁known ▁to ▁earlier ▁batch es ▁of ▁students ▁as ▁' Er sk ine ▁Square ' ▁is ▁now ▁named ▁after ▁him ▁- ▁Kur ma ▁ ▁Ven ug op al as w amy ▁Ar ub ay alu ▁Rang as th al am , ▁a ▁name ▁as ▁length y ▁as ▁the ▁ten ure ▁of ▁his ▁office ▁of ▁the ▁Reg istr ar ▁of ▁And h ra ▁Vis wa ▁K ala ▁Par ish at . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁was ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁D rak sh ar ama ▁in ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁and ▁belonged ▁to ▁a ▁prominent ▁Tel aga ▁Kap u ▁family , ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁Commander - in - Ch ief ▁in ▁Indian ▁Army . ▁His ▁mother ▁tongue ▁was ▁Tel ug u . ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁varied ▁education , ▁att ending ▁the ▁Government ▁Arts ▁College ▁in ▁Raj ah mund ry , ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Christian ▁College , ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Law ▁College ▁and ▁Mad ras ▁University . ▁Before ▁being ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁Professor ▁of ▁Physics ▁at ▁the ▁Government ▁Arts ▁College , ▁Raj ah mund ry ▁. ▁After ▁serving ▁on ▁various ▁local ▁and ▁district ▁bo ards ▁between ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 - 1 9 2 0 ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁T . ▁M . ▁N air ' s |
▁deleg ation ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Later , ▁when ▁a ▁Justice ▁Party ▁government ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁Mad ras , ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁served ▁under ▁A . ▁Sub bar ay alu ▁Red d iar ▁and ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Development . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al ▁replaced ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Development ▁with ▁T . ▁N . ▁S iv agn an am ▁P illa i . ▁ ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁served ▁as ▁India ' s ▁agent ▁to ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 9 – 3 2 ▁and ▁acted ▁as ▁the ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁this ▁capacity ▁till ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁Ann am al ai ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁Early ▁political ▁career ▁ ▁Na id u ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁right ▁from ▁its ▁in ception . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁deleg ation ▁to ▁England ▁along ▁with ▁Dr |
. ▁T . ▁M . ▁N air ▁and ▁Arc ot ▁Ram as amy ▁M ud ali ar ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁non - B rah min ▁de putation ▁to ▁the ▁J oint ▁Parliament ary ▁Committee ▁on ▁Constitution al ▁Re forms . ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁part yman ▁and ▁when ▁the ▁Mont agu ▁Ch el ms ford ▁Re forms ▁were ▁passed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁form ulated ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁activities ▁that ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁should ▁follow . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁when ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁power ▁in ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy , ▁Na id u ▁won ▁a ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Legisl ative ▁Council ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Development . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Indust ries ▁in ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁dropped ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁T . ▁N . ▁S iv agn an am ▁P illa i . ▁He ▁remained ▁neutral ▁when ▁a ▁vote ▁of ▁no - conf idence ▁was ▁passed ▁against ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁R aja ▁of ▁Pan ag al . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁M ud dim an ▁Committee ▁came ▁to ▁India ▁to ▁assess ▁the ▁implementation ▁and ▁progress ▁of ▁dy archy |
, ▁K . ▁V . ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁explained ▁its ▁progress ▁thus : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁deleg ation ▁to ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁Nations , ▁Gene va . ▁ ▁Agent ▁in ▁South ▁Africa ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁Na id u ▁succeeded ▁V . ▁S . ▁S rin iv asa ▁S ast ri ▁as ▁British ▁India ' s ▁agent ▁to ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁South ▁Africa . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁he ▁came ▁under ▁severe ▁criticism ▁from ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁Indian ▁Congress ▁( SA IC ) ▁for ▁not ▁having ▁done ▁enough ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁Indians ▁migr ants . ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁the ▁first ▁reading ▁of ▁the ▁T AL T ▁( Am end ment ) ▁Bill ▁was ▁passed . ▁The ▁South ▁African ▁Indian ▁Congress ▁was ▁sever ely ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁Bill ▁and ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁spoke ▁at ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁the ▁SA IC ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁express ing ▁his ▁out rage . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁deleg ation ▁which ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁Round ▁Table ▁Conference ▁with ▁the ▁represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁Government ▁on ▁ 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ' s ▁term ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁end ▁on ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Kun war ▁Mah |
ar aj ▁Singh . ▁ ▁Act ing ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁ ▁On ▁leaving ▁South ▁Africa , ▁he ▁took ▁up ▁various ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Government . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 3 – 1 9 3 4 , ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Governor ' s ▁Executive ▁Council , ▁Mad ras , ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁- 1 9 3 7 . ▁In ▁between , ▁he ▁was ▁Act ing ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁from ▁June – Oct ober ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁The ▁I RT ▁Per und ur ai ▁Medical ▁College ▁is ▁a ▁Government ▁college ▁that ▁is ▁affili ated ▁to ▁The ▁T amil ▁N adu ▁Dr . ▁M . G . R ▁Medical ▁University , ▁Chen na i . ▁The ▁school ▁includes ▁a ▁medical ▁college , ▁a ▁hospital , ▁and ▁a ▁research ▁inst itute . ▁The ▁school ▁falls ▁under ▁the ▁aus p ices ▁of ▁the ▁T amil ▁N adu ▁State ▁Transport ▁Corporation . History On ▁the ▁suggestion ▁of ▁Lord ▁Will ington ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁a ▁district ▁committee ▁to ▁combat ▁t uber cul osis ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁Co imb atore ▁and ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁start ▁a ▁t uber cul osis ▁san ator ium ▁in ▁Per und ur ai ▁was ▁made . The ▁foundation ▁stone ▁was ▁laid ▁by ▁Sir ▁K . V . Red dy ▁Na id u ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁Mad ras ▁city ▁in ▁a ▁pal atial |
▁m ansion ▁on ▁Bo ag ▁Road , ▁They agar aya ▁Nag ar , ▁which ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁movie ▁star ▁S iv aj i ▁G anes an . As ▁a ▁t ribute ▁and ▁special ▁con cess ion ▁to ▁his ▁ex alt ed ▁status ▁and ▁the ▁high ▁offices ▁he ▁held , ▁the ▁then ▁European - owned ▁Mad ras ▁Southern ▁Mah rat ta ▁Railway ▁all otted ▁him , ▁under ▁instructions ▁from ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁India , ▁a ▁special ▁sal on ▁ex ud ing ▁lux ury ▁whenever ▁he ▁travel led . ▁This ▁privile ge ▁was ▁extended ▁to ▁very ▁few ▁Indians ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁to ▁receive ▁it . As ▁an ▁active ▁Party ▁man , ▁he ▁form ulated ▁a ▁policy ▁that ▁the ▁Justice ▁Party ▁should ▁follow , ▁which ▁included , ▁inter ▁al ia , ▁social ▁legisl ation ▁and ▁abol ition ▁of ▁in iqu it ious ▁laws ▁that ▁maintained ▁an ▁inv id ious ▁distinction ▁between ▁Bra hm ins ▁and ▁Non - Bra hm ins , ▁with ▁regard ▁to ▁marriage , ▁ad option ▁and ▁inheritance ▁and ▁the ▁like . ▁He ▁argued ▁that ▁social ▁equality ▁must ▁be ▁established . ▁U nt ouch ability ▁should ▁ ▁be ▁removed . ▁The ▁dict ates ▁of ▁the ▁priest hood ▁must ▁be ▁sil enced . ▁Par acher is ▁must ▁be ▁pur ified . ▁A gra har ams ▁must ▁be ▁human ised . ▁The ▁hold ▁of ▁hum ili ating ▁custom s ▁and ▁rit uals ▁must ▁be ▁lo os ened . ▁The ▁port als ▁of ▁tem ples |
▁must ▁be ▁thrown ▁open . ▁The ▁contents ▁of ▁se aled ▁script ures ▁should ▁be ▁brought ▁to ▁light … ▁Str ong ▁meat ▁indeed ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁day ! ▁But ▁that ▁was ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁re dd ira o ▁Na id u . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁as ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁ ▁Na id u ▁was ▁the ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁Pres iden cy ▁from ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁to ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁The ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁assembly ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁and ▁the ▁results ▁declared ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁Despite ▁being ▁the ▁majority ▁party ▁in ▁the ▁Assembly ▁and ▁the ▁Council , ▁the ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress ▁was ▁hes it ant ▁to ▁form ▁a ▁Government ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁v eto ▁powers ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁governor . ▁The ▁Governor ▁of ▁Mad ras , ▁Lord ▁Er sk ine , ▁decided ▁to ▁form ▁an ▁inter im ▁prov is ional ▁Government ▁with ▁non - members ▁and ▁opposition ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly . ▁V . ▁S . ▁S rin iv asa ▁S ast ri ▁was ▁first ▁offered ▁the ▁Chief ▁Minister ship ▁of ▁the ▁inter im ▁government ▁but ▁he ▁refused ▁to ▁accept ▁it . ▁Then ▁Er sk ine ▁formed ▁an ▁inter im ▁government ▁with ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁as ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁However ▁the ▁min istry ▁was ▁short ▁lived ▁as ▁the ▁Congress |
▁was ▁persu aded ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁government . ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁July , ▁Na id u ▁res igned ▁and ▁Raj aj i ▁became ▁Chief ▁Minister . ▁ ▁Council ▁of ▁minister s ▁in ▁K . ▁V . ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ' s ▁inter im ▁prov is ional ▁cabinet ▁( 1 ▁April ▁- ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 7 ): ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁Ann am al ai ▁University ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁Ann am al ai ▁University ▁offers ▁a ▁prize ▁every ▁year ▁in ▁his ▁name ▁as ▁The ▁Kur ma ▁V enk ata ▁Red dy ▁Na id u ▁Prize . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁death s ▁Category : K n ights ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Star ▁of ▁India ▁Category : Ind ian ▁kn ights ▁Category : Ch ief ▁Minister s ▁of ▁T amil ▁N adu ▁Category : T el ug u ▁people ▁Category : Mad ras ▁Christian ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : Just ice ▁Party ▁( Ind ia ) ▁polit icians ▁Category : An nam al ai ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁El uru ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Legisl ative ▁Council ▁of ▁India ▁Category : R ai ▁Bah ad urs ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Mad ras ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁men ' s ▁ 3 0 0 0 |
▁metres ▁ste e ple ch ase ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁European ▁Athletics ▁Championships ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁Be og rad , ▁then ▁Y ug oslav ia , ▁at ▁J NA ▁Stadium ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Final ▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ ▁He ats ▁ 1 4 ▁September ▁ ▁He at ▁ 1 ▁ ▁He at ▁ 2 ▁ ▁He at ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Part icip ation ▁According ▁to ▁an ▁uno fficial ▁count , ▁ 2 9 ▁athlet es ▁from ▁ 1 9 ▁countries ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 3 ) ▁ ▁( 1 ) ▁ ▁( 2 ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁ste e ple ch ase ▁Category : Ste e ple ch ase ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁Athletics ▁Championships <0x0A> </s> ▁Del roy ▁Ch uck ▁is ▁of ▁H ak ka ▁ancest ry , ▁Del roy ▁ ▁Ch uck ' s ▁birth place ▁is ▁Christ iana ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁of ▁Manchester ▁but ▁he ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Clar end on . ▁He ▁attended ▁R itch ies |
▁Primary ▁School , ▁Clar end on ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 5 - 1 9 6 2 ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁successful ▁in ▁his ▁Common ▁En tr ance ▁Ex am ination . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁King ston ▁College ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 2 – 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure ▁at ▁King ston ▁College ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁Deput y ▁Head ▁Boy , ▁President ▁of ▁Inter act ▁Club ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ess ▁and ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁clubs ▁and ▁represented ▁his ▁school ▁in ▁both ▁sports . ▁He ▁left ▁King ston ▁College ▁with ▁five ▁‘ A ’ ▁levels ▁and ▁a ▁scholar ship ▁to ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Ind ies ▁where ▁he ▁earned ▁a ▁B . Sc . ▁( H ons ) ▁in ▁special ▁Mathemat ics . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁Mr . ▁Ch uck ▁was ▁elected ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁J ama ica ' s ▁Rh odes ▁Sch olar ▁and ▁attended ▁St . ▁Catherine ' s ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 7 6 ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁Law ▁and ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁B . A . ▁in ▁Jur is pr ud ence ▁and ▁a ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Civil ▁Law ▁degree . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁Category : J ama ican ▁law y ers ▁Category : J ama ican ▁journal ists ▁Category : M ale ▁journal ists ▁Category : J ama ican ▁people ▁of ▁H ak ka ▁descent ▁Category : Year ▁of |
▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Manchester ▁Par ish ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁of ▁J ama ica ▁Category : Spe akers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁of ▁J ama ica ▁Category : J ama ica ▁Labour ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁St ▁Catherine ' s ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Just ice ▁minister s <0x0A> </s> ▁Ray ev sky ▁( ; ▁mascul ine ), ▁Ray ev sk aya ▁( ; ▁femin ine ), ▁or ▁Ray ev sko ye ▁() ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁People ▁Alexander ▁Ray ev sky , ▁several ▁people ▁Mak sim ▁Ray ev sky ▁( d . 1 9 3 1 ), ▁Russian - J ew ish ▁an arch o - s y nd ical ist ▁Mari ya ▁Ray ev sk aya , ▁ma iden ▁name ▁of ▁Mari ya ▁Volk ons k aya ▁Nikol ay ▁R ae v sky ▁( 1 7 7 1 – 1 8 2 9 ), ▁Russian ▁general ▁and ▁states man ▁ ▁Places ▁Ray ev sky ▁( r ural ▁local ity ), ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁sel o ) ▁in ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Bash k ort ost an , ▁Russia ▁Ray ev sko ye , ▁name ▁of ▁several ▁rural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Russia <0x0A> </s> ▁Ve ik ko ▁Hon kan en ▁( 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁V arp ais jär vi ▁– ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 1 9 |
9 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁politician . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Finland ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁again ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁representing ▁the ▁Agr arian ▁League , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁renamed ▁the ▁Centre ▁Party . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lap in la ht i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ku op io ▁Province ▁( Gr and ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Finland ) ▁Category : C entre ▁Party ▁( Fin land ) ▁polit icians ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Finland ▁( 1 9 6 2 – 6 6 ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Finland ▁( 1 9 6 6 – 7 0 ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Al ▁Hay l ▁is ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Fu ja ira h , ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁( U AE ), ▁at ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁W adi ▁Hay l . ▁It ▁is ▁tradition ally ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁Kun ud ▁( sing ular ▁Al ▁Kind i ) ▁tribe . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁D hs 1 . 7 ▁billion ▁construction ▁project , ▁Moh ammed ▁bin ▁Z ay ed ▁City , ▁which ▁is ▁planned ▁to ▁compr ise ▁ 1 , 1 0 0 ▁houses ▁and ▁apart ments , ▁as ▁well ▁as |
▁offering ▁community ▁services . ▁ ▁Al ▁Hay l ▁Fort , ▁a ▁hill top ▁fort ification ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁dated ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁stands ▁over ▁the ▁restored ▁old ▁village ▁of ▁Hay l . ▁The ▁w adi ▁also ▁contains ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁pet rog lyph s , ▁thought ▁to ▁date ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Iron ▁Age . ▁Over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁examples ▁of ▁rock ▁art ▁have ▁been ▁documented ▁but ▁a ▁number ▁are ▁under ▁threat ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁quar ries ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁industrial ▁sites ▁and ▁resident ial ▁areas . ▁ ▁The ▁Kun ud ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁descend ants ▁of ▁As wad ▁Al ▁Kind i , ▁who ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁O man ▁from ▁Y emen ▁in ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Muhammad . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Fu ja ira h ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁Category : Un ited ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁ge ography ▁stub s <0x0A> </s> ▁Stanis lo vas ▁S vet k us ▁Rap ol ion is ▁( , ▁; ▁ ▁– ▁May ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 5 4 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Luther an ▁activ ist ▁and ▁Protest ant ▁reform er ▁from ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Lith u ania . ▁With ▁patron age ▁of ▁Albert , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁he ▁obtained ▁the ▁doctor ate ▁of ▁the ology ▁from ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁University ▁of ▁W itten berg ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁under ▁Martin ▁Luther ▁and ▁Philip ▁Mel anch |
th on . ▁After ▁gradu ation , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁professor ▁of ▁the ology ▁at ▁the ▁newly ▁established ▁University ▁of ▁König s berg , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Albert ina . ▁As ▁professor ▁he ▁began ▁working ▁on ▁several ▁Protest ant ▁publications ▁and ▁transl ations , ▁including ▁a ▁Bible ▁translation ▁into ▁Polish . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁he ▁also ▁started ▁the ▁first ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁into ▁Lith uan ian . ▁T ogether ▁with ▁Ab ra omas ▁K ul vi et is , ▁Rap ol ion is ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁authors ▁to ▁write ▁in ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁language . ▁While ▁Rap ol ion is ▁and ▁K ul vi et is ▁died ▁early ▁leaving ▁their ▁work ▁un fin ished , ▁they ▁laid ▁the ▁found ations ▁for ▁future ▁Lith uan ian ▁writers ▁and ▁transl ators . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁studies ▁in ▁Krak ów ▁Very ▁little ▁is ▁known ▁about ▁Rap ol ion is ' ▁life ▁prior ▁to ▁his ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁W itten berg ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 2 ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁early ▁bi ography ▁is ▁a ▁conject ure . ▁He ▁ha iled ▁from ▁a ▁pet ty ▁Lith uan ian ▁noble ▁family ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁E iš iš k ė s ▁that ▁possibly ▁used ▁the ▁D ział os za ▁coat ▁of ▁arms ▁( image ▁similar ▁to ▁D ział os za ▁was ▁added ▁next ▁to ▁his ▁name ▁in ▁a ▁registry ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁König s berg ). ▁His ▁date ▁of ▁birth ▁is ▁unknown . ▁In ▁ 1 |
7 2 6 , ▁Michael ▁Lil ient hal ▁wrote ▁that ▁Rap ol ion is ▁died ▁at ▁age ▁ 6 0 ▁which ▁would ▁put ▁his ▁date ▁of ▁birth ▁around ▁ 1 4 8 5 . ▁However , ▁newer ▁publications ▁usually ▁list ▁his ▁date ▁of ▁birth ▁as ▁. ▁ ▁All ▁early ▁bi ograph ers ▁of ▁Rap ol ion is ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁Francis can ▁fri ar ▁in ▁Vil nius ▁before ▁his ▁conversion ▁to ▁Luther an ism ▁possibly ▁around ▁ 1 5 2 5 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁educated ▁man ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁living ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁t utor ▁to ▁the ▁nob ility . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁Rap ol ion is ▁gained ▁support ▁from ▁Jon as ▁Stanis lo vas ▁B ile vi č ius , ▁a ▁Sam og it ian ▁no blem an , ▁and ▁prepared ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁students ▁for ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Krak ów , ▁the ▁only ▁university ▁in ▁region ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁five ▁students ▁en rolled ▁into ▁the ▁university ▁on ▁August ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 5 2 8 . ▁It ▁is ▁likely ▁that ▁Ab ra omas ▁K ul vi et is ▁who ▁mat ric ulated ▁on ▁July ▁ 6 ▁also ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁group . ▁Rap ol ion is ▁entered ▁his ▁name ▁as ▁Stanis lo vas , ▁son ▁of ▁J urg is ▁of ▁R ase in iai , ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Sam og it ia ▁( St an is laus ▁Georg y ▁de ▁Ro zen y ▁dio ec esis ▁S mod i ensis |
) ▁possibly ▁to ▁obsc ure ▁his ▁identity ▁as ▁he , ▁a ▁former ▁mon k , ▁was ▁joining ▁a ▁Catholic ▁university . ▁He ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁b ac cala ure ate ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 2 ▁or ▁ 1 5 3 3 . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁information ▁available ▁on ▁Rap ol ion is ' ▁activities ▁from ▁ 1 5 3 2 ▁to ▁ 1 5 4 2 . ▁Poss ibly ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁t utor ▁to ▁the ▁nob ility ▁or ▁taught ▁at ▁a ▁higher ▁school ▁established ▁by ▁Ab ra omas ▁K ul vi et is ▁in ▁Vil nius . ▁Grand ▁Duke ▁Sig ism und ▁I ▁the ▁Old ▁did ▁not ▁support ▁the ▁Re formation ▁and ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 5 4 2 ▁issued ▁an ▁ed ict ▁on ▁her es y ▁aim ed ▁at ▁K ul vi et is ▁and ▁other ▁Protest ants ▁who ▁could ▁now ▁be ▁tried ▁by ▁the ▁bishop . ▁Many ▁Protest ant ▁activ ists ▁left ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁Luther an ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Pr uss ia . ▁ ▁Studies ▁in ▁W itten berg ▁Rap ol ion is ▁received ▁financial ▁support ▁from ▁Duke ▁Albert ▁of ▁Pr uss ia ▁and ▁en rolled ▁into ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁W itten berg ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 5 4 2 . ▁A ▁surv iving ▁advert is ement ▁from ▁that ▁time ▁shows ▁that ▁Rap ol ion is ▁offered ▁private ▁less ons ▁in ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁language . ▁He ▁received ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁the ology ▁after ▁public ly ▁def ending |
▁his ▁ 2 8 ▁th eses ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 5 4 4 . ▁The ▁defense ▁was ▁cha ired ▁by ▁Martin ▁Luther ▁( only ▁ 1 3 ▁def enses ▁were ▁cha ired ▁by ▁Luther ▁himself ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁de cade ▁of ▁his ▁life ) ▁and ▁likely ▁Philip ▁Mel anch th on ▁acted ▁as ▁a ▁doctor al ▁ad visor . ▁Rap ol ion is ▁th esis ▁Die ▁po en it ent ia ▁( On ▁Rep ent ance ) ▁about ▁good ▁de eds ▁and ▁their ▁impact ▁on ▁the ▁jud g ement ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁Diet ▁of ▁Reg ens burg ▁( 1 5 4 1 ). ▁The ▁defense ▁protocol ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁ ▁and ▁spread ▁in ▁Luther an ▁cent ers ▁( a ▁copy ▁is ▁preserved ▁by ▁the ▁Academ ic ▁Library ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Lat via ). ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 9 , ▁Rap ol ion is ▁was ▁awarded ▁ins ign ia ▁of ▁a ▁doctor ▁of ▁the ology ▁( cap , ▁ring , ▁and ▁Bible ) ▁and ▁Cas par ▁Cre uz iger ▁delivered ▁a ▁speech ▁De ▁don o ▁interpretation is ▁in ▁ecc lesia ▁which ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁correctly ▁explaining ▁the ▁word ▁of ▁God ▁to ▁lay ▁people . ▁The ▁ceremony ▁was ▁concluded ▁with ▁a ▁public ▁process ion ▁through ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁fe ast . ▁ ▁Last ▁year ▁in ▁König s berg ▁Rap ol ion is ▁depart ed ▁to ▁König s berg ▁where ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁Colleg ium ▁Albert in um , ▁later ▁University ▁of |
▁König s berg . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁The ology ▁at ▁the ▁new ▁university . ▁His ▁annual ▁sal ary ▁was ▁ 2 0 0 ▁g uld ens ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁highest ▁sal ary ▁offered ▁and ▁reflected ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁his ▁position . ▁He ▁taught ▁the ology , ▁Heb rew ▁language , ▁and ▁ps al ms . ▁While ▁short ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁hum p , ▁Rap ol ion is ▁became ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁r het or ic ▁ab ilities ▁and ▁his ▁lect ures ▁became ▁popular ▁and ▁were ▁attended ▁by ▁prominent ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Pr uss ian ▁establishment , ▁including ▁Duke ▁Albert . ▁ ▁Rap ol ion is ▁was ▁profession ally ▁active ▁for ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁year . ▁He ▁wrote ▁and ▁published ▁ 4 2 ▁Latin ▁th esis ▁De ▁ecc lesia ▁et ▁e ius ▁not is ▁on ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁fundamental ▁features ▁of ▁Luther an ism . ▁Using ▁Bib lic al ▁arguments , ▁he ▁explained ▁why ▁the ▁Re formed ▁church ▁was ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁cult ▁of ▁sain ts , ▁cel ib acy ▁of ▁pri ests , ▁evangel ical ▁coun s els , ▁the ▁Sac r ament ▁of ▁Pen ance , ▁absol ution ▁from ▁mort al ▁s ins , ▁and ▁other ▁issues . ▁The ▁original ▁edition , ▁published ▁by ▁Hans ▁Wein reich , ▁has ▁not ▁surv ived ▁but ▁the ▁text ▁was ▁repub lished ▁by ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 8 ▁and ▁ 1 5 6 2 . ▁ ▁Rap olin is ▁was ▁also ▁active ▁in ▁translation ▁work . ▁He |
▁evaluated ▁the ▁c ate ch ism ▁translated ▁by ▁Jan ▁Se kl uc jan ▁into ▁Polish ▁and ▁approved ▁it ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁Bishop ric ▁of ▁Pom es ania ▁despite ▁some ▁criticism ▁and ▁resistance ▁from ▁the ▁cler gy . ▁He ▁worked ▁on ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁into ▁Polish . ▁Sur v iving ▁letters ▁show ▁that ▁Rap ol ion is ▁correspond ed ▁with ▁Bernard ▁Woj ew od ka , ▁a ▁printer ▁in ▁Krak ów , ▁about ▁setting ▁up ▁a ▁shop ▁in ▁König s berg ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁printing ▁the ▁Polish ▁Bible . ▁Rap olin is ▁translated ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁h ymn ▁into ▁Lith uan ian . ▁It ▁seems ▁that ▁he ▁translated ▁it ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁Latin ▁Pat ris ▁sap ient ia , ▁ver itas ▁div ina ▁instead ▁of ▁using ▁Polish ▁or ▁German ▁transl ations . ▁It ▁has ▁ten ▁st anz as ▁eight ▁lines ▁each . ▁The ▁h ymn ▁was ▁published ▁as ▁G ies me ▁a pe ▁k ent eg h ima ▁J hes aus ▁Christ aus ▁am sz ino ija ▁D iew a ▁sun aus ▁in ▁ 1 5 7 0 ▁in ▁the ▁h ymn al ▁of ▁Mart yn as ▁Ma ž v yd as ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁und is put ed ▁surv iving ▁text ▁by ▁Rap ol ion is ▁in ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁language . ▁Research ers ▁believe ▁that ▁Rap ol ion is ▁started ▁transl ating ▁the ▁Bible ▁into ▁Lith uan ian , ▁though ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁direct ▁evidence . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 5 4 4 , |
▁Rap ol ion is ▁married ▁Catherine , ▁daughter ▁of ▁, ▁the ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Pr uss ia . ▁The ▁cost ▁of ▁the ▁wed ding ▁was ▁paid ▁by ▁the ▁Duke . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 5 4 5 , ▁Rap ol ion is ▁suddenly ▁suffered ▁an ▁attack ▁of ▁ap ople xy ▁and ▁par al ysis . ▁He ▁died ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁later ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 3 . ▁Duke ▁Albert ▁bl amed ▁disag re ements ▁and ▁intr ig ues ▁at ▁the ▁university ▁for ▁his ▁sudden ▁death . ▁Duke ▁Albert ▁personally ▁attended ▁the ▁large ▁fun eral ▁ceremony ▁and ▁ordered ▁his ▁body ▁ent om bed ▁in ▁König s berg ▁C athedral ; ▁the ▁fun eral ▁ser mon ▁was ▁delivered ▁by ▁; ▁his ▁e ul ogy ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Bernard us ▁Hol tor pi us . ▁His ▁ 8 - line ▁ep it aph ▁started ▁with ▁" Here ▁lies ▁a ▁great ▁man , ▁the ▁pride ▁of ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁nation ". ▁The ▁tomb ▁has ▁not ▁surv ived . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 4 8 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 4 5 ▁death s ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁nob ility ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁writers ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁Luther an ▁the olog ians ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁Luther ans ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Pr uss ia ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁König s berg ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Vil nius |
▁Category : J agi ell onian ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁W itten berg ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁König s berg ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Con ver ts ▁to ▁Luther an ism ▁from ▁Roman ▁Catholic ism <0x0A> </s> ▁Blue ▁Bay ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Blue ▁Bay , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Coast ▁region ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁Australia ▁ ▁Blue ▁Bay , ▁C ura ça o , ▁a ▁bay ▁of ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁island ▁of ▁C ura ça o ▁ ▁Blue ▁Bay , ▁Taiwan , ▁a ▁bay ▁of ▁the ▁Asian ▁island ▁of ▁Taiwan <0x0A> </s> ▁Bol bit es ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁Sc arab ae idae ▁or ▁scar ab ▁be et les ▁in ▁the ▁super family ▁Sc arab ae o idea . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S car ab ae idae <0x0A> </s> ▁Netherlands ▁will ▁comp ete ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁in ▁London , ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁from ▁ 4 – 1 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁( q ▁– ▁qualified , ▁N M ▁– ▁no ▁mark , ▁S B ▁– ▁season ▁best ) ▁ ▁Men ▁Track ▁and ▁road ▁events ▁ ▁Field ▁events ▁ ▁Com b ined ▁events ▁– ▁Dec ath lon ▁ ▁Women ▁Track ▁and ▁road ▁events ▁ ▁* ▁– ▁Ind ic ates ▁the ▁ath lete ▁competed ▁in ▁pre lim in aries ▁but ▁not ▁the ▁final ▁ ▁Field ▁events |
▁ ▁Com b ined ▁events ▁– ▁He pt ath lon ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : N ations ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics ▁Category : N ether lands ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athletics <0x0A> </s> ▁Disc odor is ▁tur ia ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sl ug ▁or ▁dor id ▁n ud ib ranch , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usc ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Disc odor id idae . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Dis c odor id idae ▁Category : G ast rop ods ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁ 4 0 th ▁NS FC ▁Awards ▁January ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Best ▁Film : ▁ ▁Cap ote ▁▁ ▁The ▁ 4 0 th ▁National ▁Society ▁of ▁Film ▁Crit ics ▁Awards , ▁given ▁on ▁ 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁hon ored ▁the ▁best ▁in ▁film ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁Best ▁Picture ▁▁ 1 . ▁Cap ote ▁ 2 . ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁Vi ol ence ▁ 3 . ▁ 2 0 4 6 ▁ ▁Best ▁Director ▁▁ 1 . ▁David ▁C ron enberg ▁– ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁Vi ol ence ▁ 2 . ▁W ong ▁Kar - w ai ▁– ▁ 2 0 4 6 ▁ 3 . ▁Ben nett ▁Miller ▁– ▁Cap ote ▁ ▁Best ▁A ctor ▁▁ 1 . ▁Philip |
▁Se ym our ▁Hoff man ▁– ▁Cap ote ▁ 2 . ▁Jeff ▁Daniel s ▁– ▁The ▁S qu id ▁and ▁the ▁Wh ale ▁ 3 . ▁He ath ▁Led ger ▁– ▁Bro ke back ▁Mountain ▁ ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁▁ 1 . ▁Re ese ▁With ers po on ▁– ▁Walk ▁the ▁Line ▁ 2 . ▁Ke ira ▁Knight ley ▁– ▁P ride ▁& ▁Pre jud ice ▁ 3 . ▁Kate ▁Dol len m ayer ▁– ▁Fun ny ▁Ha ▁Ha ▁ 3 . ▁V era ▁Farm iga ▁– ▁Down ▁to ▁the ▁B one ▁ ▁Best ▁Support ing ▁A ctor ▁▁ 1 . ▁Ed ▁Harris ▁– ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁Vi ol ence ▁ 2 . ▁Math ieu ▁Am al ric ▁– ▁Mun ich ▁ 2 . ▁Frank ▁Lang ella ▁– ▁Good ▁Night , ▁and ▁Good ▁L uck . ▁ ▁Best ▁Support ing ▁Act ress ▁▁ 1 . ▁Amy ▁Adams ▁– ▁Jun eb ug ▁ 2 . ▁Z hang ▁Z iy i ▁– ▁ 2 0 4 6 ▁ 3 . ▁Catherine ▁Ke ener ▁– ▁The ▁ 4 0 - Year - Old ▁Virgin , ▁The ▁Ball ad ▁of ▁Jack ▁and ▁Rose , ▁Cap ote , ▁and ▁The ▁Inter pre ter ▁ ▁Best ▁Screen play ▁▁ 1 . ▁No ah ▁Ba umb ach ▁– ▁The ▁S qu id ▁and ▁the ▁Wh ale ▁ 2 . ▁Dan ▁F utter man ▁– ▁Cap ote ▁ 3 . ▁Tony ▁K ush ner ▁and ▁Eric ▁Roth ▁– ▁Mun ich ▁ ▁Best ▁Cin emat ography ▁▁ 1 . ▁Christopher ▁Do yle |
, ▁K wan ▁P un - le ung , ▁and ▁La i ▁Y iu - f ai ▁– ▁ 2 0 4 6 ▁ 2 . ▁Robert ▁El sw it ▁– ▁Good ▁Night , ▁and ▁Good ▁L uck . ▁ 3 . ▁Em manuel ▁L ube z ki ▁– ▁The ▁New ▁World ▁ ▁Best ▁Foreign ▁Language ▁Film ▁▁ 1 . ▁Head - On ▁( G egen ▁die ▁W and ) 2 . ▁ 2 0 4 6 ▁ 3 . ▁C ach é ▁▁ ▁Best ▁Non - F iction ▁Film ▁▁ 1 . ▁G ri zz ly ▁Man ▁ 2 . ▁Dar win ' s ▁Night m are ▁ 3 . ▁Bal lets ▁Russ es ▁ ▁Ex perimental ▁Awards ▁▁ 1 . ▁Sym bi ops ych ot axi pl asm : ▁Take ▁One ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁and ▁Sym bi ops ych ot axi pl asm : ▁Take ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 5 ), ▁William ▁Gre aves ' ▁remarkable ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁acting ▁process ▁and ▁power ▁relationships ▁on ▁a ▁movie ▁set . ▁ 2 . ▁ 1 3 ▁L akes , ▁Ten ▁Sk ies , ▁and ▁ 2 7 ▁Years ▁Later , ▁the ▁three ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁produ ctions ▁of ▁James ▁Ben ning . ▁F ew ▁have ▁done ▁more ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁thirty ▁years ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁sens ory ▁and ▁temporal ▁boundaries ▁of ▁moving ▁pictures . ▁ ▁Film ▁Heritage ▁Award ▁▁ ▁Un seen ▁Cinema , ▁the ▁ 7 - dis c ▁DVD ▁box ▁set |
▁collection ▁of ▁pre - 1 9 4 2 ▁American ▁avant - gar de ▁cinema ▁assemble d ▁by ▁Anth ology ▁Film ▁Archives ▁and ▁Bruce ▁Pos ner — a ▁massive ▁and ▁un pre ced ented ▁undert aking ▁made ▁in ▁concert ▁with ▁ 6 0 ▁other ▁film ▁arch ives ▁and ▁pres ervation ▁organizations ▁across ▁the ▁glo be . ▁ ▁Special ▁C itation ▁▁ ▁The ▁NS FC ▁comm ends ▁and ▁con gr at ul ates ▁our ▁colle agues ▁Kevin ▁Thomas ▁for ▁his ▁ 4 4 - year ▁ten ure ▁as ▁a ▁movie ▁critic ▁at ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times , ▁for ▁his ▁t ire less ▁champion ing ▁in ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁movie ▁capital ▁of ▁the ▁power ▁and ▁beauty ▁of ▁independent , ▁experimental ▁and ▁foreign ▁film , ▁for ▁his ▁long ▁and ▁important ▁service ▁to ▁mov iego ers ▁around ▁the ▁industry , ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Past ▁Awards ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁film ▁awards ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁American ▁cinema <0x0A> </s> ▁Est i ▁Al mo ▁W ex ler ▁or ▁Est i ▁Al mo ▁is ▁an ▁Eth iop ian - Is ra eli ▁film ▁director , ▁writer , ▁and ▁cinemat ograph er . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁her ▁husband ▁El ad , ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁Ab ay en esh ▁Produ ctions . ▁her ▁works ▁st rive ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁stories ▁and ▁hard ships ▁of ▁Isra eli - E th iop ian ▁Jews . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and |
▁education ▁Al mo ▁W ex ler ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁Israel ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁four , ▁joining ▁her ▁family ▁members ▁who ▁had ▁em igr ated ▁there ▁in ▁prior ▁years . ▁In ▁high ▁school , ▁she ▁studied ▁art ▁and ▁design , ▁and ▁often ▁participated ▁in ▁extra - curr icular ▁the ater ▁activities ▁after ▁school . ▁After ▁comple ting ▁her ▁mand atory ▁two - year ▁military ▁service , ▁she ▁studied ▁cinema ▁and ▁story t elling ▁at ▁Bez ale l ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Design ▁where ▁she ▁got ▁her ▁under grad uate ▁degree ▁and ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁master s ▁from ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁University ▁but ▁could ▁not ▁secure ▁employ ment ▁and ▁ultimately ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁parents ▁house , ▁where ▁she ▁eventually ▁took ▁up ▁film - making ▁and ▁writing ▁about ▁her ▁community ' s ▁issues . ▁ ▁Films ▁In ▁high ▁school ▁she ▁produced ▁an ▁animated ▁short ▁called ▁Writ ten ▁in ▁the ▁Sand . ▁Al mo ▁W ex ler ' s ▁first ▁professional ▁work ▁was ▁a ▁short ▁film ▁titled ▁Summer ▁of ▁ 8 9 ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁Her ▁first ▁full - length ▁film ▁was ▁titled ▁Lady ▁T iti ▁Sing ing ▁Blues ▁or ▁sometimes ▁just ▁Lady ▁T iti ▁a ▁comedy - d rama ▁about ▁the ▁length ▁an ▁Eth iop ian - Is ra eli ▁individual ▁goes ▁to ▁find ▁employ ment . ▁Although ▁a ▁comedy , ▁it ▁de als ▁with ▁serious ▁issues ▁affect ing ▁the ▁Eth iop ian - Is ra eli ▁community , ▁including ▁pover ty , ▁under emp loyment , ▁and |
▁institution al ▁rac ism . ▁Al mo ▁W ex ler ▁also ▁directed ▁a ▁document ary ▁titled ▁Looking ▁for ▁T ena , ▁about ▁a ▁family ' s ▁efforts ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁relative ▁in ▁Sud an ▁who ▁had ▁converted ▁to ▁Islam ▁and ▁given ▁up ▁their ▁Jewish ▁culture . ▁The ▁document ary ▁de alt ▁with ▁double ▁re jection ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁both ▁from ▁Isra eli ▁society ▁but ▁also ▁from ▁the ▁Eth iop ian ▁Jewish ▁community . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁She ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁El ad ▁W ex ler , ▁whom ▁she ▁met ▁when ▁the ▁two ▁studied ▁at ▁Bez ale l ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Design . ▁They ▁are ▁also ▁business ▁partners , ▁and ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁film ▁company ▁they ▁co - own ▁named ▁Ab ay en esh ▁Produ ctions . ▁Est i ▁and ▁El ad ▁have ▁two ▁children . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Summer ▁of ▁ 8 9 ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Lady ▁T iti ▁Sing ing ▁Blues ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁film ▁direct ors ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁cinemat ograph ers ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁people ▁of ▁Eth iop ian - J ew ish ▁descent ▁Category : E th iop ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Israel ▁Category : Be z ale l ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Design ▁al umn i ▁Category : |
T el ▁Av iv ▁University ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Dor in ▁Re cean ▁( born ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Mold ovan ▁academic ▁and ▁politician , ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁serving ▁as ▁interior ▁minister ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁since ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Re cean ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Don du ş eni ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁he ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Studies ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁with ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁international ▁business ▁management . ▁Then ▁he ▁obtained ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁business ▁administration ▁from ▁New port ▁International ▁University ' s ▁Belg ium ▁branch ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Career ▁Re cean ▁started ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁lect urer ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁at ▁his ▁al ma ▁mater , ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Studies , ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁teach ▁there ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁he ▁also ▁worked ▁in ▁different ▁fir ms ▁in ▁various ▁capac ities . ▁He ▁also ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁Ch is in au - based ▁New port ▁International ▁University ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁to ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Re cean ▁has ▁been ▁appointed ▁deput |
y - minister ▁of ▁Information ▁and ▁Communic ation ▁Technology ▁( I CT ), ▁where ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁responsible ▁for ▁implementing ▁new ▁secure ▁documents , ▁including ▁the ▁bio - metric ▁pass port , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁vis a - li ber al ization ▁action ▁plan . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Government al ▁Task ▁Force ▁on ▁Vis a - li ber al ization ▁with ▁the ▁EU . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁interior ▁minister ▁to ▁the ▁cabinet ▁led ▁by ▁Vlad ▁Fil at , ▁replacing ▁Alex ei ▁Ro ib u . ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Re cean ▁was ▁re app oint ed ▁interior ▁minister ▁to ▁the ▁cabinet ▁led ▁by ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁ ▁I ur ie ▁Le anc ă . ▁ ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁the ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁elections , ▁Re cean ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁purs ue ▁a ▁private ▁business ▁career ▁in ▁Fin T ech . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁prom oting ▁I CT ▁techn ologies ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁mobile ▁rem itt ances ▁and ▁pay ments ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁at ▁bro aden ing ▁the ▁access ▁of ▁migr ant ▁workers ▁and ▁their ▁relatives ▁to ▁secure ▁and ▁afford able ▁money ▁trans fers ▁and ▁pay ments . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Re cean ▁is ▁married ▁and ▁has ▁two ▁children . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Don du ș eni ▁District ▁Category : M |
old ovan ▁academ ics ▁Category : M old ovan ▁Minister s ▁of ▁the ▁Inter ior <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Z ia ▁Char itable ▁Trust ▁cor ruption ▁case ▁refers ▁an ▁on going ▁cor ruption ▁case ▁in ▁Bang l adesh ▁that ▁rel ates ▁to ▁cor ruption ▁over ▁the ▁mis use ▁of ▁funds ▁in ▁a ▁char ity ▁named ▁after ▁former ▁President ▁Z ia ur ▁Rah man . ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia , ▁former ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁Bang l adesh ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁accused ▁in ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Background ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁trust ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁husband ▁of ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia , ▁former ▁President , ▁Z ia ur ▁Rah man . ▁President ▁Z ia ▁was ▁assass in ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁The ▁former ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁has ▁a ▁" bit ter " ▁rival ry ▁with ▁the ▁inc umb ent ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁She ikh ▁Has ina . ▁ ▁The ▁C ases ▁Bang l adesh ▁Anti ▁Cor ruption ▁Commission ▁filled ▁the ▁Z ia ▁Char itable ▁Trust ▁cor ruption ▁case ▁in ▁Te j ga on ▁Police ▁Station ▁on ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁case ▁accused ▁four ▁people ▁including ▁former ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia . ▁The ▁other ▁accused ▁are ▁Harris ▁Ch ow dh ury , ▁former ▁political ▁secretary ▁to ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia , ▁Z ia ul ▁Islam ▁Mun na , ▁inc umb ent ▁acting ▁director ▁of ▁naval ▁security ▁and ▁traffic ▁in ▁Bang l adesh ▁In land ▁Water ▁Transport ▁Author |
ity , ▁and ▁the ▁personal ▁assistant ▁to ▁former ▁mayor ▁of ▁D h aka , ▁S ade que ▁H oss ain ▁Kh oka , ▁Mon ir ul ▁Islam ▁Khan . ▁The ▁Anti ▁Cor ruption ▁commission ▁file d ▁another ▁related ▁case ▁on ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁over ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁the ▁Z ia ▁Or phan age . ▁There ▁was ▁six ▁accused ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁including ▁Form er ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁and ▁her ▁son ▁T ari que ▁Rah man . ▁The ▁case ▁accused ▁them ▁em be zz ling ▁ 2 1 ▁million ▁tak a ▁from ▁the ▁trust . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁an ▁arrest ▁war rant ▁was ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁against ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁in ▁the ▁case . ▁The ▁arrest ▁war rant ▁was ▁issued ▁after ▁she ▁ski pped ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁court ▁dates . ▁She ▁surrender ed ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁and ▁received ▁b ail ▁on ▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁pro sec ution ▁did ▁not ▁opp ose ▁her ▁b ail ▁pet ition . ▁The ▁Anti ▁cor ruption ▁commission ▁took ▁the ▁charges ▁to ▁court ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁has ▁filled ▁a ▁pet ition ▁with ▁the ▁High ▁Court ▁to ▁halt ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁Z ia ▁trust ▁and ▁or phan age ▁case . ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁and ▁her ▁son ▁T ari que ▁Rah man ▁are ▁on ▁b ail ▁in ▁the |
▁case . ▁T ari que ▁has ▁been ▁stay ing ▁in ▁London ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁After ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁of ▁on going ▁trial ▁In ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁and ▁T ari que ▁Rah man ▁as ▁per ▁court ▁ver dict , ▁were ▁ja iled ▁for ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁respectively ▁due ▁to ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁Z ia ▁Char itable ▁Trust ▁cor ruption ▁case . ▁While ▁T ari que ▁was ▁on ▁ex ile , ▁Kh ale da ▁would ▁be ▁imprison ed ▁on ▁old ▁D h aka ▁Central ▁J ail ▁on ▁Naz im ud din ▁Road . ▁In ▁protest ▁B NP ▁held ▁nation wide ▁demonstr ations , ▁which ▁were ▁fo iled ▁by ▁well ▁prepared ▁police ▁force ▁across ▁the ▁nation . ▁A ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁B NP ▁activ ists ▁were ▁arrested ▁during ▁cl ash es ▁with ▁the ▁police . ▁The ▁ver dict ▁also ▁ja iled ▁Qu azi ▁Sal im ul ▁Ha q ▁Kam al , ▁Kam al ▁U dd in ▁S idd ique , ▁M omin ur ▁Rah man , ▁and ▁Sh arf ud din ▁Ah med . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 9 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁B NP ▁Chair person ▁Kh ale da ▁Z ia ▁and ▁three ▁others ▁including ▁Harris ▁Ch ow dh ury , ▁former ▁political ▁secretary ▁to ▁the ▁then ▁PM ▁Kh ale da ▁as ▁per ▁supre me ▁court ▁ver dict ▁were ▁sent enced ▁to ▁seven ▁years ’ ▁rig orous ▁imprison ment ▁in ▁Z ia |
▁Char itable ▁Trust ▁cor ruption ▁case . ▁Kh ale da ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁conv ict s ▁were ▁also ▁f ined ▁T k ▁ 1 0 ▁la kh ▁each , ▁in ▁default ▁of ▁which ▁they ▁will ▁have ▁to ▁serve ▁six ▁more ▁months ▁in ▁j ail , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁ver dict . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁pun ishment ▁under ▁the ▁existing ▁law . ▁The ▁court ▁also ▁ordered ▁to ▁attach ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁the ▁ 4 2 ▁k ath as ▁of ▁land ▁which ▁was ▁purchased ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁trust . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Tri als ▁in ▁Bang l adesh ▁Category : Cor ruption ▁in ▁Bang l adesh ▁Category : Leg al ▁history ▁of ▁Bang l adesh <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Ir ving ▁O reck ▁( born ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁entrepr ene ur , ▁business ▁sales man , ▁and ▁lect urer . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁mark eter ▁of ▁the ▁O reck ▁Corporation , ▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁vac u um ▁clean ers ▁and ▁air ▁pur ifiers , ▁and ▁is ▁known ▁through ▁his ▁appearances ▁as ▁a ▁sp okes man ▁in ▁O reck ▁television ▁commer ci als ▁and ▁inf omer ci als . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁David ▁O reck ▁was ▁born ▁close ▁to ▁D ul uth , ▁Minnesota ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁D ul uth . ▁When ▁O reck ▁was ▁young , ▁his ▁father ▁took ▁him ▁on ▁a ▁flight ▁in ▁a ▁Ford ▁Tr im ot or ▁and , |
▁on ▁the ▁ice ▁of ▁Lake ▁Super ior , ▁they ▁land ed ▁the ▁aircraft ▁on ▁sk is ; ▁the ▁experience ▁proved ▁so ▁exc iting ▁to ▁O reck ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁obs essed ▁with ▁plan es ▁and ▁the ▁mechan ics ▁of ▁engines ▁and ▁electron ics ▁ever ▁since . ▁In ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁fer ry ▁air plan es ▁to ▁Europe , ▁O reck ▁began ▁his ▁flight ▁training ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ian ▁Pil ot ▁Training ▁program ▁in ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁before ▁the ▁U . S . ▁entered ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁was ▁attacked , ▁O reck ▁joined ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Corps ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁cert ified ▁pilot , ▁navig ator , ▁and ▁bomb ard ier ▁in ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Theater ▁for ▁over ▁two ▁years . ▁He ▁participated ▁in ▁bomb ing ▁miss ions ▁over ▁Japan ▁in ▁what ▁were ▁then ▁considered ▁state - of - the - art ▁B - 2 9 s . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁war ▁Following ▁the ▁war , ▁O reck ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁wh oles ale ▁distrib utor ▁for ▁R CA ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁He ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁company ▁for ▁ 1 7 ▁years , ▁eventually ▁reaching ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁general ▁sales ▁manager . ▁It ▁was ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁that ▁the ▁American ▁public ▁was ▁introduced ▁to ▁several ▁new ▁products ▁that ▁O reck ▁helped ▁market . ▁These ▁items ▁included ▁the ▁was hing ▁machine , ▁the ▁mic row ave ▁o ven , ▁and ▁black - and - white ▁and ▁color ▁televis ions . |
▁O reck ▁accompanied ▁R CA ▁General ▁Manager ▁David ▁Sar no ff ▁to ▁con gression al ▁hear ings ▁when ▁the ▁Federal ▁Communic ations ▁Commission ▁was ▁attempting ▁to ▁develop ▁standards ▁for ▁color ▁television ▁broadcast s . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁last ▁years ▁at ▁R CA , ▁O reck ▁started ▁a ▁char ter ▁aircraft ▁service ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁did ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁flying . ▁Another ▁vent ure ▁involved ▁a ▁central ▁anten na ▁system ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁that ▁would ▁wire ▁a partment ▁buildings ▁for ▁television ▁use , ▁in ▁a ▁for esh adow ing ▁of ▁today ' s ▁cable ▁television . ▁He ▁also ▁started ▁a ▁company ▁to ▁teach ▁radio ▁and ▁television ▁repair ▁in ▁Spanish ▁by ▁direct ▁mail . ▁ ▁O reck ▁Corporation ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁O reck ▁started ▁the ▁O reck ▁Corporation ▁to ▁sell ▁vac u um ▁clean ers ▁by ▁mail . ▁Here ▁is ▁the ▁story ▁as ▁told ▁on ▁O reck ' s ▁website : ▁ ▁On ▁a ▁cold ▁snow y ▁day ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁carrying ▁the ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁under ▁his ▁arm ▁a ▁la ▁Wil ly ▁L oman , ▁the ▁call ▁came . ▁In ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁the ▁R CA ▁distrib utor ▁was ▁fighting ▁for ▁last ▁place ▁and ▁winning , ▁and ▁the ▁company ▁wanted ▁to ▁know ▁if ▁he ’ d ▁be ▁interested ▁in ▁taking ▁it ▁over . ▁" I ▁fle w ▁down ▁to ▁New ▁Orleans ▁that ▁day . ▁The ▁sun ▁was ▁out . ▁It ▁was ▁beautiful . ▁I ▁was ▁still ▁in ▁my ▁heavy ▁winter ▁over co at . ▁I |
▁said ▁to ▁myself , ▁' W ow . ▁I ’ m ▁missing ▁something ▁here .' " ▁ ▁O reck ▁had ▁acquired ▁an ▁abandoned ▁design ▁for ▁an ▁u pr ight ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁from ▁Wh irl pool ▁and ▁a ▁failing ▁R CA ▁distribution ▁facility ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Louisiana . ▁The ▁ 3 . 6 - kg ▁( 8 - lb ) ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁was ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁weight ▁of ▁other ▁machines ▁available . ▁Compet itors , ▁however , ▁used ▁this ▁fact ▁to ▁critic ize ▁O reck ' s ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ' s ▁effect iveness ▁and ▁dur ability . ▁O reck ▁decided ▁to ▁first ▁market ▁to ▁hot els ▁where ▁light weight ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁big ▁positive ▁factor . ▁The ▁machines ▁now ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁thousands ▁of ▁hot els ▁world wide . ▁ ▁O reck ’ s ▁flags hip ▁models ▁The ▁Mag nes ium ▁and ▁The ▁E lev ate ▁series ▁vac u ums ▁are ▁assemble d ▁in ▁Co oke ville ▁Tennessee ▁USA ▁with ▁US ▁and ▁glob ally ▁s our ced ▁components . ▁O reck ▁air ▁pur ifiers ▁are ▁made ▁in ▁China . ▁The ▁company ▁emp lo ys ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁at ▁its ▁ret ail ▁stores , ▁corpor ate ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee , ▁and ▁assembly ▁center ▁in ▁Co oke ville , ▁Tennessee , ▁to ▁where ▁it ▁moved ▁from ▁Long ▁Beach , ▁Mississippi , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁One ▁such ▁product ▁is ▁the ▁O reck ▁X L ▁Air ▁ 8 |
▁Pur ifier , ▁which ▁featured ▁in ▁an ▁inform er cial ▁running ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁As ▁O reck ▁has ▁explained , ▁he ▁had ▁" a ▁good ▁idea , ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁energy , ▁and ▁no ▁money ". ▁O reck ▁says ▁that ▁it ▁took ▁about ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁of ▁hard ▁work ▁to ▁begin ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁s embl ance ▁of ▁success , ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁bel ie ver ▁in ▁W inst on ▁Church ill ' s ▁maxim , ▁" N ever , ▁never , ▁never ▁give ▁up ." ▁ ▁The ▁parent ▁T T i ▁company ▁that ▁own s ▁Ho over , ▁purchased ▁O reck ▁as ▁of ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁China . ▁ ▁Product s ▁The ▁current ▁O reck ▁U pr ight ▁Line up ▁ ▁E lev ate ▁Control ▁ ▁E lev ate ▁Command ▁ ▁E lev ate ▁Con quer ▁ ▁Mag nes ium ▁R S ▁ ▁X L ▁commercial ▁u pr ights ▁▁ ▁Can ister ▁V acu um ▁C lean ers ▁ ▁Qu est ▁Can ister ▁ ▁Qu est ▁Pro ▁Full - s ized ▁Can ister ▁ ▁Dutch T ech ▁Full ▁Size ▁ 1 4 0 0 ▁Series ▁( Dis cont in ued ) ▁ ▁Dutch T ech ▁Mid ▁Size ▁ 1 2 0 0 ▁Series ▁( Dis cont in ued ) ▁ ▁Iron man ▁Hand h eld ▁( Dis cont in ued ) ▁ ▁Edge ▁Hand h eld ▁ ▁House keeper ▁Ult imate ▁Hand h eld ▁ |
▁Del ux e ▁Hand h eld ▁ ▁Little ▁Hero ▁Bag less ▁Can ister ▁ ▁Little ▁Hel per ▁Bag less ▁Can ister ▁F loor ▁Mach ines ▁ ▁Or b iter ▁Ult ra ▁Multi - P ur pose ▁ ▁Or b iter ▁Multi - P ur pose ▁ ▁Ste am - It ▁All ▁Pur pose ▁Ste am ▁W and ▁ ▁Ste am - G lide ▁ ▁X L ▁Sh ield ▁Power ▁Sc r ub ber ▁Air ▁Pur ifiers ▁ ▁Pro Sh ield ▁ ▁Pro Sh ield ▁Plus ▁ ▁X L ▁Tower ▁Professional ▁Small ▁App li ances ▁ ▁Speed ▁S we ep ▁ ▁S we ep ▁N ▁Go ▁ ▁R estaur ateur ▁F loor ▁S we eper - 1 2 . 5 ▁ ▁R estaur ateur ▁F loor ▁S we eper - 9 . 5 ▁ ▁Del ux e ▁Electric ▁Fab ric ▁Sh aver ▁ ▁Re fr iger ator ▁Air ▁Pur ifier ▁ ▁Cord less ▁Z ip ▁V ac ▁ ▁Cord less ▁Speed ▁Iron ▁ ▁Car ▁V ac ▁( 2 ▁Mod els ) ▁ ▁Cord ▁Free ▁Elect rik ▁Bro om ▁ ▁Later ▁years ▁O reck ▁remains ▁active ▁in ▁av iation , ▁maintain ing ▁and ▁flying ▁his ▁personal ▁collection ▁of ▁aircraft , ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁St inson ▁R eli ant ▁SR ▁ 1 0 J , ▁a ▁W aco ▁WM F , ▁an ▁A vi at ▁Hus ky ▁Am ph ib ian , ▁an ▁American ▁Champion ▁Dec ath lon , ▁a ▁St agger wing ▁Be ech ▁G - 1 7 S , ▁and ▁a ▁Be ech ▁T |
- 3 4 A ▁M ent or . ▁ ▁O reck ▁also ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁company ' s ▁sp okes man , ▁frequently ▁appearing ▁in ▁TV , ▁radio ▁and ▁newspaper ▁advert is ements , ▁although ▁he ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁an ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁Through out ▁the ▁years ▁these ▁appearances ▁have ▁made ▁O reck ▁a ▁widely ▁recognized ▁sp ok esp erson . ▁O reck ▁can ▁still ▁be ▁seen ▁on ▁television ▁inf omer ci als ▁with ▁Ter ri ▁O uel lette ▁and ▁guests ▁such ▁as ▁Ros em ary ▁Jack ett . ▁ ▁O reck ▁lect ures ▁pro ▁b ono ▁at ▁univers ities ▁around ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁seeking ▁to ▁insp ire ▁young ▁entrepr ene urs ▁and ▁business people . ▁He ▁tells ▁his ▁aud ien ces ▁"[ You ▁can ] ▁see ▁I ' m ▁no ▁genius . ▁I ▁didn ' t ▁get ▁started ▁until ▁I ▁was ▁ 4 0 . ▁I ▁did ▁it . ▁You ▁can ▁do ▁it . ▁Only ▁in ▁America ▁could ▁this ▁happen ." ▁ ▁David ▁O reck ▁founded ▁O reck ▁P ure ▁Air ▁Cand les ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁O reck ▁published ▁the ▁book , ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁O reck ▁has ▁a ▁wife , ▁Jan ; ▁three ▁adult ▁children ▁( Ste ven , ▁Tom , ▁and ▁Bruce ) ▁from ▁his ▁previous ▁marriage ▁to ▁Pa ula ▁Sar no ff ▁( nie ce ▁of ▁David ▁Sar no ff ); ▁and ▁seven ▁grand children . ▁ ▁Phil anth ropy ▁Al ong ▁with ▁his ▁son ▁Bruce , ▁O reck |
▁has ▁don ated ▁money ▁and ▁spec im ens ▁to ▁several ▁min eral og ical ▁museum s ▁and ▁exhib its . ▁He ▁has ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁collections ▁of ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Museum ▁of ▁Nature ▁and ▁Science , ▁the ▁Colorado ▁School ▁of ▁M ines ▁Ge ology ▁Museum , ▁and ▁Hill man ▁Hall ▁of ▁Min er als ▁and ▁G ems . ▁In ▁addition , ▁" the ▁O re cks ▁are ▁major ▁contrib utors , ▁not ▁only ▁to ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁but ▁to ▁the ▁entire ▁city ▁( of ▁New ▁Orleans ), " ▁said ▁Ros elle ▁Un gar , ▁inter im ▁executive ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁Federation ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁New ▁Orleans . ▁" They ▁not ▁only ▁write ▁checks , ▁but ▁roll ▁up ▁their ▁sle e ves ▁and ▁get ▁involved ." ▁He ▁also ▁made ▁significant ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁Is id ore ▁New man ▁School ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁Louisiana . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Pub lished ▁works ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁dav id ore ck book . com ▁| ▁" There ▁has ▁never ▁been ▁a ▁better ▁time ▁to ▁start ▁your ▁own ▁business ." ▁- ▁David ▁O reck ▁-- h ms web works ▁ 2 1 : 5 4 , ▁ 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁( UTC ) ▁ ▁Airport ▁J ourn als ▁article ▁on ▁O reck ▁ ▁'' Back channel ▁Media ▁article ▁on ▁O reck ▁▁ ▁" David ▁O reck ' s ▁new ▁business " ▁ ▁'' USA ▁Today ▁Article ▁on ▁O reck ▁Bank rupt cy ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 3 ▁birth s ▁Category |
: L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁D ul uth , ▁Minnesota ▁Category : J ew ish ▁American ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : American ▁chief ▁execut ives ▁Category : Home ▁app liance ▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : V acu um ▁cleaner ▁manufact ur ers ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁D ul uth ▁al umn i ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁officers ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁pil ots ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee <0x0A> </s> ▁Bull run ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁trans - American ▁Bull run ▁road ▁r ally ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁The ▁tele vised ▁version ▁has ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁comp ete ▁in ▁a ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 - mile ▁( 6 , 4 0 0 km ) ▁ 1 8 - day ▁road ▁r ally ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁grand ▁prize ▁of ▁US $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Bull run ▁uses ▁a ▁modified ▁ 1 2 - car ▁r ally ▁format . ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁of ▁Bull run ▁premier ed ▁on ▁S pi ke ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁season ▁was ▁hosted ▁by ▁former ▁professional ▁wrest ler ▁Bill ▁Gold berg . ▁ ▁Object ive ▁ ▁Each ▁day ▁of ▁competition ▁contained ▁three ▁distinct ▁stages ▁- ▁Leg ▁ 1 , ▁He ads - Up ▁Challenge |
, ▁Leg ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Each ▁team ▁begins ▁the ▁day ▁by ▁choosing ▁whether ▁to ▁follow ▁" My ▁Way " ▁or ▁" The ▁Highway " ▁( both ▁of ▁these ▁terms ▁explained ▁below ▁under ▁" Rout es "). ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁leg , ▁the ▁teams ▁must ▁reach ▁a ▁check point ▁in ▁the ▁fast est ▁time . ▁However , ▁if ▁a ▁team ▁is ▁caught ▁speed ing , ▁that ▁team ▁receives ▁a ▁five - min ute ▁penalty . ▁ ▁After ▁all ▁the ▁teams ▁complete ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁race , ▁the ▁teams ▁with ▁the ▁fast est ▁times ▁choose ▁a ▁lower ▁pair ▁of ▁teams ▁to ▁comp ete ▁heads - up ▁in ▁a ▁challenge , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁winning ▁team ▁will ▁gain ▁the ▁faster ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁between ▁the ▁two . ▁ ▁Finally , ▁the ▁teams ▁comp ete ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁first ▁leg , ▁but ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁may ▁be ▁added ▁mid way ▁on ▁the ▁routes , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁leg . ▁ ▁After ▁all ▁the ▁teams ▁complete ▁leg ▁two , ▁the ▁times ▁for ▁both ▁legs ▁( including ▁time ▁bon uses ▁and ▁speed ing ▁pen alt ies ) ▁are ▁combined . ▁The ▁team ▁with ▁the ▁longest ▁time ▁to ▁complete ▁both ▁legs ▁is ▁then ▁returned ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁their ▁vehicle , ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁must ▁immediately ▁leave . ▁ ▁Rout es ▁ ▁Before ▁races ▁begin , ▁the ▁teams ▁have ▁two ▁options ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁get ▁to ▁their ▁destination : ▁" My ▁Way " ▁or ▁" The ▁Highway ". ▁" |
The ▁Highway " ▁is ▁the ▁route ▁the ▁produ cers ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁have ▁chosen ▁for ▁the ▁day ' s ▁race . ▁It ▁is ▁generally ▁easier , ▁but ▁may ▁take ▁longer ▁to ▁complete . ▁The ▁second ▁option ▁is ▁" My ▁Way ". ▁The ▁only ▁rule ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁options ▁is ▁that ▁once ▁a ▁team ▁cho oses ▁" My ▁Way ▁or ▁The ▁Highway ", ▁it ▁must ▁stick ▁to ▁it ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Example : ▁If ▁a ▁team ▁cho oses ▁" The ▁Highway " ▁for ▁leg ▁ 1 , ▁they ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁select ▁" The ▁Highway " ▁for ▁leg ▁ 2 ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Those ▁that ▁choose ▁" My ▁Way " ▁must ▁avoid ▁" The ▁Highway " ▁route . ▁ ▁On ▁Days ▁ 5 ▁and ▁ 6 , ▁all ▁routes ▁were ▁" My ▁Way " ▁due ▁to ▁short ▁legs . ▁ ▁Other ▁R ules ▁▁ ▁No ▁G PS ▁or ▁Sat ellite ▁Navigation ▁systems ▁can ▁be ▁used . ▁ ▁No ▁cell ▁ph ones . ▁ ▁No ▁laptop ▁computers . ▁ ▁No ▁radio ▁or ▁CD ▁player . ▁ ▁Spe eding ▁will ▁lead ▁to ▁severe ▁pen alt ies , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁time ▁penalty . ▁An ▁arrest ▁will ▁lead ▁to ▁immediate ▁dis qual ification . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁each ▁day , ▁cars ▁may ▁only ▁leave ▁when ▁instruct ed ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁C ars ▁must ▁start ▁and ▁finish ▁each ▁day ▁under ▁their ▁own ▁power , ▁or ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁their ▁drivers . ▁ ▁C ars |
▁finishing ▁outside ▁the ▁maximum ▁time ▁allowed ▁for ▁each ▁leg ▁will ▁get ▁picked ▁up ▁by ▁the ▁‘ re aper ’ ▁and ▁to wed ▁– ▁leading ▁to ▁dis qual ification . ▁ ▁No ▁d itch ing ▁the ▁ch ase ▁vehicles . ▁ ▁Teams ▁The ▁races ▁on ▁Bull run ▁are ▁competed ▁by ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁composed ▁of ▁ 2 ▁people ▁( driver / n avigator ). ▁The ▁teams ▁on ▁Bull run ▁are : ▁ ▁W inner ▁▁ ▁The ▁winning ▁team ▁was ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am , ▁taking ▁home ▁the ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁grand ▁prize ▁($ ▁today ). ▁The ▁father / d augh ter ▁du o ▁of ▁driver ▁Morgan ▁Als op ▁and ▁her ▁navig ator ▁d ad ▁Mike ▁Als op ▁from ▁La f ay ette , ▁Indiana ▁pushed ▁hard ▁throughout ▁the ▁entire ▁r ally ▁to ▁always ▁place ▁near ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁leader ▁board . ▁Morgan ▁Als op ' s ▁impress ive ▁driving ▁and ▁Mike ▁Als op ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁short est ▁route ▁and ▁time ▁bon uses ▁lead ▁them ▁to ▁domin ate ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁race . ▁ ▁Mike ▁also ▁drove ▁the ▁car ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁Ch alleng es . ▁Morgan ▁Als op ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁woman ▁in ▁the ▁race ▁after ▁Team ▁Sc ion ' s ▁elim ination ▁in ▁Stage ▁ 1 . ▁They ▁defeated ▁Team ▁Old s ▁by ▁almost ▁ 9 ▁minutes . ▁ ▁El imin ations ▁Team ▁Sc ion ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁and ▁storm ed ▁off , ▁an gr ily . ▁Team ▁N iss |
an ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁episode ▁despite ▁being ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁quick er ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁episode , ▁after ▁breaking ▁down ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁race . ▁ ▁Using ▁an ▁R B 2 6 DE TT ▁engine ▁from ▁a ▁Japanese - ex clus ive ▁N iss an ▁Sky line , ▁they ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁teams ▁unable ▁to ▁repair ▁their ▁engine ▁on - site . ▁They ▁were ▁to wed ▁to ▁both ▁leg ▁finish ▁lines , ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁led ▁them ▁to ▁having ▁the ▁highest ▁time ▁and ▁be ▁elimin ated . ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁episode , ▁after ▁losing ▁a ▁cyl inder ▁because ▁of ▁a ▁broken ▁push rod ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁leg . ▁They ▁tried ▁to ▁push ▁it ▁out ▁on ▁seven ▁cyl ind ers , ▁but ▁decided ▁against ▁doing ▁damage ▁to ▁their ▁car ▁and ▁eventually ▁ending ▁up ▁on ▁the ▁w re cker . ▁Team ▁Lamb org h ini ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁episode ▁after ▁they ▁decided ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁rather ▁not ▁ru in ▁the ▁car , ▁as ▁the ▁car ▁already ▁has ▁an ▁estimated ▁$ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁worth ▁of ▁dam ages ▁( from ▁a ▁sli pping ▁cl utch ▁and ▁from ▁hitting ▁a ▁racc oon ), ▁therefore ▁finishing ▁the ▁final ▁leg ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed . ▁Team ▁B MW ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁episode ▁after ▁for fe iting ▁their ▁place ▁in ▁Bull run ▁to ▁Team ▁H onda , ▁who ▁originally ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁elimin |
ated . ▁One ▁of ▁Team ▁B MW ' s ▁members ▁faced ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁a ▁family ▁member , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁member ▁chose ▁to ▁accomp any ▁him . ▁Team ▁Che vy ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁sixth ▁episode ▁after ▁Ces ar ' s ▁rest room ▁stop ▁costs ▁the ▁team ▁several ▁minutes , ▁as ▁all ▁the ▁teams ▁were ▁within ▁a ▁few ▁minutes ▁of ▁each ▁other . ▁Team ▁H onda ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁sevent h ▁episode . ▁They ▁finished ▁last ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁leg , ▁ 2 4 ▁minutes ▁behind ▁the ▁next ▁place , ▁and ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁go ▁up ▁in ▁ranks ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁failed ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Lot us ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁e ighth ▁episode . ▁They ▁sand bag ged ▁the ▁first ▁leg , ▁but ▁beat ▁Team ▁Old s ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Despite ▁successfully ▁deliver ing ▁Operation ▁Po ison ▁Ar row ▁( which ▁involved ▁the ▁a for ement ioned ▁sand - bag ging ▁via ▁winning ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁challenge ▁and ▁forcing ▁their ▁dis mal ▁time ▁on ▁someone ▁else ), ▁they ▁got ▁lost ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁leg ▁and ▁Team ▁Old s ▁got ▁a ▁ 1 - hour ▁time ▁bonus . ▁Team ▁Char ger ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁nin th ▁episode . ▁During ▁the ▁challenge , ▁the ▁Char ger ▁st alled ▁three ▁times ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁alt itude ▁and ▁not ▁reset ting ▁the ▁timing ▁on ▁their ▁car , ▁losing ▁their ▁second ▁place ▁time ▁to ▁Team ▁Old s ▁who ▁was ▁five ▁minutes ▁further ▁behind . ▁The ▁other ▁teams ▁try |
▁to ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁Team ▁Old s ▁to ▁allow ▁Team ▁Char ger ▁to ▁re try ▁the ▁challenge ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁bra ke ▁fluid , ▁but ▁Team ▁Old s ▁ref uses ▁because ▁Team ▁Char ger ▁had ▁put ▁them ▁up ▁against ▁the ▁Lot us ▁in ▁the ▁Challenge ▁the ▁day ▁before ▁which ▁almost ▁elimin ated ▁Team ▁Old s . ▁Team ▁F - 1 5 0 ▁finished ▁ 3 rd ▁of ▁ 3 ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁episode ▁due ▁to ▁inher iting ▁Team ▁Old s ' ▁two ▁hours ▁back ▁last ▁place ▁time ▁after ▁losing ▁in ▁the ▁challenge ▁by ▁ 1 5 ▁seconds . ▁Team ▁Old s ▁lost ▁the ▁r ally ▁by ▁ 9 ▁minutes ▁to ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am . ▁ ▁Time ▁bonus ▁cards ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁leg ▁of ▁a ▁day ' s ▁race , ▁the ▁teams ▁are ▁given ▁a ▁choice ▁to ▁pick ▁up ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁card . ▁If ▁a ▁team ▁cho oses ▁to ▁att ain ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁cards , ▁then ▁they ▁not ▁only ▁have ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁path ▁longer ▁than ▁the ▁highway ▁path ▁but ▁risk ▁having ▁the ▁other ▁teams ▁empty ▁the ▁card ▁supply ▁before ▁they ▁get ▁there . ▁Also , ▁the ▁teams ▁do ▁not ▁know ▁either ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁these ▁cards ▁or ▁how ▁many ▁there ▁are ▁until ▁they ▁get ▁one . ▁ ▁E pisode ▁ 1 : ▁ 4 5 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁team ▁to ▁purs ue ▁the ▁time ▁bonus ▁card . ▁E pisode ▁ 2 : ▁ 9 0 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁B MW ▁follows ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁to ▁pick |
▁one ▁up . ▁ ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁also ▁picked ▁one ▁up . ▁E pisode ▁ 3 : ▁ 6 0 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Char ger , ▁Team ▁Lamb org h ini , ▁and ▁Team ▁Che vy ▁each ▁get ▁one . ▁E pisode ▁ 4 : ▁No ▁team ▁went ▁for ▁a ▁time ▁bonus , ▁time ▁unknown . ▁E pisode ▁ 5 : ▁ 4 5 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Old s ▁follows ▁Team ▁Lot us ▁to ▁pick ▁one ▁up . ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁pick s ▁up ▁the ▁last ▁one ▁and ▁Team ▁H onda ▁is ▁left ▁empty - hand ed . ▁E pisode ▁ 6 : ▁No ▁time ▁bonus ▁cards ▁issued . ▁E pisode ▁ 7 : ▁ 4 5 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁and ▁Team ▁F - 1 5 0 ▁each ▁get ▁one , ▁and ▁Team ▁Old s ▁is ▁left ▁empty - hand ed . ▁E pisode ▁ 8 : ▁ 6 0 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Old s ▁and ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁each ▁get ▁one . ▁E pisode ▁ 9 : ▁ 4 5 ▁minutes , ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁pick s ▁up ▁the ▁only ▁one , ▁and ▁told ▁Team ▁Old s ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁only ▁one . ▁Not ▁trust ing ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am , ▁Team ▁Old s ▁finds ▁themselves ▁empty - hand ed ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁and ▁finish es ▁the ▁leg ▁in ▁ 3 rd ▁place . ▁E pisode ▁ 1 0 : ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁time ▁bon uses . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁straight ▁race ▁to ▁the ▁border . ▁ ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁successfully |
▁purs ued ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁card ▁in ▁ 6 ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 ▁episodes ▁where ▁a ▁card ▁was ▁available . ▁ ▁Team ▁Old s ▁were ▁next , ▁with ▁ 3 ▁time ▁bonus ▁cards , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁also ▁un success ful ▁in ▁ 2 ▁other ▁episodes ▁where ▁they ▁choose ▁the ▁longer ▁trip ▁in ▁purs uit ▁of ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁card . ▁ ▁Car ▁troubles ▁E pisode ▁ 1 : ▁Team ▁B MW ▁hits ▁a ▁large ▁rock ▁and ▁dam ages ▁their ▁radi ator . ▁They ▁se al ▁the ▁leak ▁with ▁Team ▁Sc ion ' s ▁help ▁and ▁continue ▁their ▁participation ▁in ▁Bull run . ▁E pisode ▁ 2 : ▁Team ▁Lamb org h ini ▁disco vers ▁their ▁cl utch ▁problem ▁and ▁finish es ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed . ▁Team ▁N iss an ▁st alls ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁and ▁finish es ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed . ▁E pisode ▁ 3 : ▁Team ▁Lamb org h ini ▁hits ▁a ▁racc oon . ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁breaks ▁a ▁push ▁rod , ▁losing ▁a ▁cyl inder ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁leg . ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁finish es ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed . ▁E pisode ▁ 4 : ▁Team ▁B MW ' s ▁engine ▁qu its ▁after ▁doing ▁burn outs ▁( bel ieved ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁electron ically ▁turned ▁off ▁by ▁the ▁car ▁to ▁cool ▁down ). ▁Team ▁B MW ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁restart ▁their ▁engine ▁and ▁continue ▁their ▁participation ▁in ▁Bull run . ▁Team ▁Lamb org h ini ' s ▁cl utch ▁problem ▁w ors ens , ▁and |
▁they ▁finish ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed , ▁resulting ▁in ▁instant ▁elim ination ▁for ▁not ▁finishing ▁a ▁leg ▁of ▁Bull run ▁under ▁their ▁own ▁power , ▁as , ▁unlike ▁any ▁other ▁team ▁to ▁finish ▁on ▁a ▁flat bed , ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁push ▁the ▁car ▁across . ▁E pisode ▁ 5 : ▁Team ▁Trans ▁Am ▁thinks ▁they ▁have ▁lost ▁their ▁transmission ▁after ▁running ▁over ▁a ▁b ump . ▁ ▁The ▁b ump ▁causes ▁a ▁fluid ▁line ▁to ▁be ▁torn ▁loose . ▁This ▁is ▁quickly ▁rep a ired , ▁and ▁they ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁road . ▁E pisode ▁ 6 : ▁Team ▁F - 1 5 0 ▁compet es ▁against ▁Team ▁Lot us ▁in ▁the ▁Challenge , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁drag ▁race ▁with ▁a ▁concrete ▁wall ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁if ▁the ▁cars ▁don ' t ▁stop ▁in ▁time . ▁Team ▁F - 1 5 0 ▁cho oses ▁to ▁crash ▁through ▁this ▁wall , ▁resulting ▁in ▁damage ▁to ▁their ▁head light s ▁and ▁gr ille . ▁They ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁repair ▁the ▁damage ▁and ▁continue . ▁E pisode ▁ 7 : ▁No ▁car ▁troubles . ▁E pisode ▁ 8 : ▁Team ▁Char ger ▁has ▁a ▁g asket ▁come ▁loose ▁as ▁they ▁begin ▁the ▁first ▁leg . ▁They ▁tight en ▁it ▁down ▁in ▁seven ▁minutes ▁and ▁are ▁back ▁on ▁the ▁road . ▁E pisode ▁ 9 : ▁Team ▁Char ger ' s ▁engine ▁st alls ▁three ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Old s ▁has ▁air ▁in ▁the ▁bra ke ▁lines , ▁h ind |
ering ▁their ▁bra king ▁system , ▁therefore ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁leg ▁they ▁choose ▁to ▁down shift ▁to ▁slow ▁down ▁instead . ▁Also , ▁they ▁run ▁out ▁of ▁gas ▁just ▁short ▁of ▁finishing ▁the ▁second ▁leg , ▁resulting ▁in ▁them ▁having ▁to ▁push ▁their ▁car ▁past ▁the ▁finish ▁line . ▁E pisode ▁ 1 0 : ▁Team ▁Old s ▁was ▁two ▁hours ▁late ▁to ▁the ▁challenge ▁after ▁stopping ▁at ▁a ▁gar age ▁to ▁ble ed ▁the ▁bra kes . ▁They ▁were ▁accused ▁of ▁trying ▁Team ▁Lot us ' ▁" Po ison ▁Ar row " ▁bad ▁time ▁trick ▁by ▁the ▁other ▁teams . ▁ ▁Show ▁cars ▁The ▁official ▁pace ▁car ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁No ble ▁M 1 2 ▁G TO ▁with ▁a ▁top ▁speed ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 8 5 m ph ▁( 2 9 8 km / h ), ▁and ▁the ▁challenge ▁demonstr ation ▁car ▁was ▁an ▁SS C ▁Standard ▁A ero ▁with ▁a ▁ 0 - 6 0 m ph ▁( 0 – 9 7 km / h ) ▁time ▁of ▁ 2 . 7 8 ▁seconds . ▁ ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁casting ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁episode ▁air ing ▁on ▁Speed ▁Channel ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁series ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁hosted ▁by ▁Bill ▁Gold berg . ▁ |
▁Rule ▁Ch anges ▁vs ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁episode , ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁challenge ▁being ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁episode , ▁the ▁challenge ▁is ▁now ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁end , ▁and ▁three ▁teams ▁particip ate ▁in ▁one ▁challenge ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁two ▁head - to - head ▁challeng es . ▁In ▁the ▁final ▁episode , ▁the ▁challenge ▁is ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁episode ▁like ▁in ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁and ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁determine ▁elimin ations . ▁Instead , ▁all ▁three ▁remaining ▁teams ▁comp ete ▁for ▁time ▁bon uses ▁to ▁be ▁dedu cted ▁from ▁their ▁overall ▁driving ▁leg ▁times ▁for ▁the ▁episode , ▁ 1 0 ▁minutes ▁for ▁ 1 st ▁place , ▁ 5 ▁minutes ▁for ▁ 2 nd , ▁and ▁no ▁bonus ▁for ▁ 3 rd . ▁ ▁Instead ▁of ▁choosing ▁" My ▁Way " ▁or ▁the ▁" High way ", ▁the ▁teams ▁choose ▁their ▁own ▁routes , ▁but ▁must ▁pass ▁through ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁check points ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁their ▁destination . ▁ ▁Instead ▁of ▁the ▁slow est ▁overall ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁episode ▁being ▁elimin ated , ▁the ▁team ▁that ▁comes ▁in ▁last ▁place ▁in ▁each ▁challenge ▁is ▁elimin ated . ▁ ▁Instead ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁two ▁teams ▁pick ing ▁two ▁teams ▁each ▁to ▁go ▁into ▁the ▁challenge , ▁the ▁slow est ▁two ▁times ▁are ▁automatically ▁entered , ▁with ▁a ▁third ▁being ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁time ▁winner , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁episode ▁where |
▁the ▁bottom ▁three ▁times ▁are ▁automatically ▁entered ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁episode , ▁where ▁all ▁three ▁remaining ▁teams ▁are ▁entered . ▁ ▁Time ▁bon uses ▁and ▁racing ▁for ▁oppon ents ' ▁times ▁no ▁longer ▁exist . ▁ ▁Following ▁an ▁incident ▁during ▁the ▁challenge ▁leg ▁in ▁E pisode ▁ 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁rules ▁would ▁require ▁a ▁team ▁that ▁was ▁successful ▁in ▁the ▁challenge ▁but ▁had ▁immediately ▁dam aged ▁their ▁vehicle ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁repair ▁their ▁vehicle ▁in ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁stage , ▁or ▁their ▁place ▁in ▁Bull run ▁would ▁be ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁team ▁that ▁had ▁lost ▁that ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Teams ▁ ▁W inner ▁and ▁run ners - up ▁The ▁winning ▁team ▁for ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁was ▁Team ▁Sh el by , ▁taking ▁the ▁grand ▁prize ▁of ▁$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁($ ▁today ). ▁The ▁friends ▁and ▁former ▁brothers ▁in ▁law ▁from ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois , ▁Mike ▁L ah ali h ▁and ▁S pi ro ▁Ts ap ar as ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁consistent ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁r ally . ▁Although ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁finish ▁first ▁in ▁any ▁of ▁driving ▁legs ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁last , ▁their ▁navig ating ▁was ▁still ▁good ▁enough ▁to ▁avoid ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁challeng es ▁by ▁finishing ▁mid - pack , ▁which ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁effectively ▁fly ▁under ▁the ▁rad ar . ▁When ▁they ▁were ▁forced ▁into ▁the ▁challeng es , ▁the ▁combination ▁of ▁their ▁ 7 2 5 hp ▁Sh el by ▁Super ▁S nake ▁and |
▁S pi ro ' s ▁impress ive ▁driving ▁( M ike ▁drove ▁during ▁the ▁driving ▁legs ▁and ▁S pi ro ▁drove ▁in ▁the ▁challeng es ) ▁made ▁them ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁form id able ▁cars ▁in ▁the ▁r ally . ▁ ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁runner - up ▁for ▁Season ▁ 2 . ▁The ▁friends ▁from ▁A ub urn , ▁Alabama , ▁Barry ▁" B ear " ▁Brown ▁II ▁and ▁Matt ▁Mc Man us ▁showed ▁impress ive ▁driving ▁skill ▁in ▁an ▁incred ible ▁six ▁challeng es , ▁often ▁be ating ▁cars ▁that ▁were ▁much ▁smaller , ▁l ighter ▁and ▁faster ▁than ▁their ▁full - size ▁pick up ▁tr uck , ▁but ▁ultimately ▁their ▁incons istent ▁navig ating ▁kept ▁them ▁from ▁the ▁championship . ▁ ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁runner - up ▁for ▁Season ▁ 2 . ▁The ▁friends ▁from ▁California , ▁El vis ▁Str ange ▁and ▁Steve ▁McC abe ▁showed ▁impress ive ▁navig ating ▁skills ▁throughout ▁the ▁r ally , ▁finishing ▁well ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁episodes ▁including ▁finishing ▁ 1 st ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg ▁an ▁incred ible ▁ 3 ▁times ▁in ▁a ▁row ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁day . ▁Ult imately ▁their ▁poor ▁challenge ▁performance ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁day ▁( allow ing ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁teams ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁time ▁gap ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁driving ▁leg ) ▁and ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁driving ▁leg ▁led ▁to ▁their ▁ 3 rd ▁place ▁overall ▁finish . |
▁ ▁El im ination ▁Ch alleng es ▁For ▁Season ▁ 2 , ▁teams ▁are ▁elimin ated ▁through ▁a ▁Challenge ▁Event , ▁with ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁challenge ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁episode . ▁ ▁Team ▁Por sche ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Sch ool ▁Bus ▁T aked own ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Sh el by ▁and ▁Team ▁Ferr ari . ▁With ▁cl utch ▁problems , ▁Team ▁Por sche ' s ▁time ▁was ▁ 8 . 1 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁Sh el by ' s ▁ 0 : 4 0 . 1 7 ▁run . ▁ ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Ferr ari ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Sh el by ▁and ▁Por sche ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Pan tera ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' J et ▁Rel ay ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁E vo ▁and ▁Team ▁Cor v ette . ▁Team ▁Pan tera ' s ▁time ▁was ▁just ▁ 3 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ' s ▁ 1 : 3 1 ▁run . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁E vo ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Cor v ette ▁and ▁Pan tera ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Ferr ari ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a |
▁ 3 - way ▁' Bl ind ▁Run ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁E vo ▁and ▁Team ▁A val anche . ▁Team ▁Ferr ari ' s ▁time ▁was ▁ 4 0 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁E vo ' s ▁ 4 : 5 0 ▁run . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁E vo ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Ferr ari ▁and ▁A val anche ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁E vo ▁was ▁the ▁fourth ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Pr ison ▁Break ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁D art ▁and ▁Team ▁A val anche . ▁Team ▁E vo ' s ▁time ▁was ▁just ▁ 2 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁D art ' s ▁ 2 : 2 0 ▁run . ▁ ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁E vo ▁and ▁D art ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Cam aro ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Sl alom ▁Drag ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ▁and ▁Team ▁Cor v ette . ▁Team ▁Cam aro ' s ▁time ▁was ▁ 1 7 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 1 st ▁place ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ' s ▁ 1 : 5 6 ▁run ▁( time ▁for ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ▁was ▁not ▁mentioned ). |
▁ ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Cam aro ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Sol st ice ▁and ▁Cor v ette ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁D art ▁was ▁the ▁sixth ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁" Des ert ▁Bl itz " ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁V W ▁and ▁Team ▁A val anche . ▁Team ▁D art ' s ▁time ▁was ▁only ▁ 3 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁V W ' s ▁ 1 : 2 6 ▁run . ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁V W ▁and ▁D art ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ▁was ▁the ▁sevent h ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁" Th under ▁Road " ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁V W ▁and ▁Team ▁A val anche . ▁Team ▁Sol st ice ' s ▁time ▁was ▁ 1 4 . 4 7 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁A val anche ' s ▁ 0 : 4 3 . 6 6 ▁run . ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ▁once ▁again ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg ▁and ▁once ▁again ▁chose ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁V W ▁and ▁Sol st ice ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁The ▁challenge ▁was ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁challeng es ▁in ▁that ▁each ▁compet itor ▁drove ▁identical ▁st unt |
▁vehicles ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁vehicles ▁they ▁brought ▁to ▁the ▁r ally . ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁was ▁the ▁e ighth ▁team ▁elimin ated , ▁compet ing ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁ever ▁challenge , ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁" D rift ▁and ▁Sm ash " ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁and ▁Team ▁Sh el by . ▁Team ▁Lex us ' ▁time ▁was ▁ 2 3 . 5 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁Sh el by ' s ▁ 0 : 3 5 . 9 ▁run . ▁ ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg , ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁A val anche , ▁for ▁the ▁third ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁row , ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Sh el by ▁and ▁Lex us ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁V W ▁was ▁the ▁nin th ▁team ▁elimin ated ▁after ▁finishing ▁ 3 rd ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁" Aut ob ow l " ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Sh el by ▁and ▁Team ▁Cor v ette . ▁Team ▁V W ' s ▁time ▁was ▁ 8 . 1 ▁seconds ▁behind ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ' s ▁ 0 : 3 3 . 4 ▁second ▁run . ▁Team ▁A val anche ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁three ▁teams ▁were ▁automatically ▁put ▁into ▁the ▁challenge . ▁The ▁Season ▁ 2 ▁finale ' s ▁( ep is ode ▁ 1 0 ) ▁challenge ▁was |
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