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▁Arab ▁C ali ph ate . ▁In ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁century ▁Base an ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁Bag rat id ▁Armen ia . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁century , ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁the ▁By z antine ▁Empire ▁and ▁expand ing ▁early ▁Georg ian ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ao - K lar jet i ▁went ▁along ▁the ▁Ar as ▁river , ▁therefore ▁part ▁of ▁northern ▁Base an / Bas iani ▁became ▁a ▁domain ▁of ▁the ▁Georg ian ▁Bag rat ids . ▁In ▁ 1 0 0 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁David ▁K urop al ates , ▁Base an / Bas iani ▁were ▁inherited ▁by ▁By z antine ▁Emperor ▁Bas il ▁II , ▁who ▁an nex ed ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁lands ▁( T ay k / T ao , ▁Base an / Bas iani ), ▁captured ▁by ▁King ▁David ▁K urop al ates ▁to ▁By z ant ium ▁and ▁organized ▁them ▁into ▁the ▁theme ▁of ▁I ber ia ▁with ▁the ▁capital ▁at ▁The od osi opol is , ▁forcing ▁the ▁successor ▁Georg ian ▁Bag rat id ▁r uler ▁Bag rat ▁III ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁new ▁re arr ang ement . ▁Bag rat ' s ▁son , ▁George ▁I , ▁however , ▁inherited ▁a ▁long - standing ▁claim ▁to ▁David ' s ▁succession . ▁While ▁Bas il ▁II ▁was ▁pre occup ied ▁with ▁his ▁Bulgar ian ▁campaign s , ▁George ▁gained ▁momentum ▁to ▁in va de ▁T ao ▁and ▁Bas iani ▁in ▁ 1 0 1 4 , ▁which ▁caused ▁un success |
ful ▁By z antine - Ge org ian ▁wars . ▁In ▁ 1 0 4 8 ▁and ▁ 1 0 4 9 , ▁the ▁Sel j uk ▁Tur ks ▁under ▁I bra him ▁Y inal ▁made ▁their ▁first ▁inc urs ion ▁into ▁the ▁By z antine ▁front ier ▁region ▁of ▁I ber ia ▁and ▁defeated ▁a ▁combined ▁By z antine - Ge org ian ▁army ▁of ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kap etr ou ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 0 4 8 . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁eastern ▁By z antine ▁territ ories ▁were ▁conquer ed ▁by ▁the ▁Sel j uk ▁Tur ks ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 0 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 0 8 0 s , ▁but ▁were ▁then ▁ret aken ▁by ▁the ▁Georg ian ▁King ▁David ▁IV . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century , ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bas ian , ▁Georg ians ▁defeated ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Rum ▁Sultan ate . ▁The ▁province ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Georgia , ▁and ▁then ▁of ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁Sam t sk he ▁until ▁ 1 5 4 5 , ▁when ▁Bas iani ▁was ▁finally ▁conquer ed ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁san jak ▁of ▁Erz ur um ▁Vil ay et . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁By z antine – Ge org ian ▁wars ▁ ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bas ian ▁ 1 2 0 3 ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ |
▁D . ▁Mus k hel ish v ili , ▁Georg ian ▁Soviet ▁Encyclopedia , ▁T bil isi , ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : West ern ▁Armen ia ▁Category : Form er ▁regions ▁of ▁Armen ia ▁Category : Form er ▁provinces ▁of ▁Georgia ▁( country ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Kl uc zew o - H uby ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁O str or óg , ▁within ▁Sz am ot u ły ▁County , ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁west - central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁O str or óg , ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁Sz am ot u ły , ▁and ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Poz na ń . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 8 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Kl uc zew o - H uby <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁men ' s ▁cross ▁country ▁mountain ▁b ik ing ▁competition ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁in ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁July ▁at ▁the ▁C ath kin ▁Bra es ▁Mountain ▁Bi ke ▁Tra ils . ▁Mountain ▁b ik ing ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁program , ▁after ▁last ▁being ▁competed ▁back ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁British ▁Summer ▁Time ▁ ▁Result ▁Final ▁results : ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Cy cling ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : |
Mount ain ▁b ik ing ▁at ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁mountain ▁b ik ing <0x0A> </s> ▁Lub o š ▁F iš er ▁( 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Czech ▁composer , ▁born ▁in ▁Prag ue . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁both ▁for ▁his ▁sound tra cks ▁and ▁chamber ▁music . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁he ▁studied ▁composition ▁at ▁the ▁Prag ue ▁Conserv atory ▁as ▁a ▁pup il ▁of ▁Emil ▁H lob il . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁he ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁AM U ▁in ▁Prag ue . ▁His ▁first ▁public ly ▁performed ▁compos itions ▁were ▁Four ▁Pie ces ▁for ▁Vi olin ▁and ▁P iano ▁( 1 9 5 4 ). ▁ ▁Selected ▁compos itions ▁Orchestra ▁ ▁Pat ná ct ▁list ů ▁pod le ▁D ür er ovy ▁Ap okal y ps y ▁( F if teen ▁Pr ints ▁after ▁D ür er ' s ▁Ap ocal yp se ) ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ ▁Double ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁L ament ▁for ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Report ▁for ▁wind ▁ensemble ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁ ▁Lab yr inth ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁Ser en á dy ▁pro ▁Sal zburg ▁( Ser en ades ▁for ▁Sal zburg ) ▁for ▁chamber ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 9 |
) ▁ ▁Mer idi án ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Con cert ante ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁da ▁camera ▁for ▁piano ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( two ▁versions , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁with ▁full ▁or chestra , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁with ▁wind ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁piano ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Rom ance ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁two ▁pian os ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁Con cer to ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁per ▁Leon ardo ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁ ▁Past or ale ▁per ▁Giuseppe ▁T art ini ▁for ▁guitar ▁and ▁or chestra ▁ ▁Chamber ▁ ▁Dialog ue ▁for ▁tr ump et ▁and ▁organ ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Imp rom pt u ▁for ▁clar inet ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁P iano ▁T rio ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Rom ance ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Ru ce ▁( Hand s ), ▁Son ata ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁c ello ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁solo ▁vi ola ▁and ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 1 |
9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁two ▁cell os ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁" In ▁Mem or iam ▁T ere zin " ▁for ▁viol in ▁solo ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁String ▁Quart et ▁( 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁for ▁c ello ▁solo ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁Test is ▁for ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁V aria ce ▁na ▁ne zn ám é ▁té ma ▁( Vari ations ▁on ▁an ▁Un known ▁Th eme ), ▁for ▁string ▁quart et ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁P iano ▁ ▁S ny ▁a ▁val č í ky ▁( D ream s ▁and ▁W alt zes ) ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 1 ▁( 1 9 5 5 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 3 ▁( 1 9 6 0 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 4 ▁( 1 9 6 2 – 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 5 ▁( 1 9 7 4 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 6 ▁" F ras " ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 7 ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Son ata ▁No . 8 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Organ ▁ ▁R eli é f ▁( The ▁Rel ief ) ▁for ▁organ ▁solo ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) |
▁ ▁Ch oral ▁ ▁Re qu iem ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ ▁V á no ční ▁ko led y ▁( Christ mas ▁Car ols ) ▁for ▁solo ists , ▁mixed ▁cho ir , ▁and ▁or chestra ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁ ▁V ocal ▁ ▁Ist anu , ▁Mel od rama ▁for ▁rec iter , ▁alto ▁fl ute , ▁and ▁four ▁per cussion ists ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Z ap omen ut é ▁p ís ně ▁( F org ot ten ▁Songs ) ▁on ▁Text s ▁of ▁Gy ps y ▁Po etry ▁for ▁mez zo - s op rano , ▁alto ▁fl ute , ▁vi ola , ▁and ▁piano ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁Com et ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ ▁Val erie ▁and ▁Her ▁Week ▁of ▁W onders ▁( Find ers ▁Keep ers ▁Records ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁M org iana ▁( Find ers ▁Keep ers ▁Records ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁Czech ▁Music ▁page ▁on ▁F iš er ' s ▁works ▁The ▁Ap oc aly ptic ▁Vis ions ▁of ▁Lub o š ▁F iš er ▁ ▁Category : C zech ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : C zech ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁death s ▁Category : C zech ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : M ale |
▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Prag ue ▁Category : P rag ue ▁Conserv atory ▁al umn i ▁Category : Intern ational ▁Rost rum ▁of ▁Compos ers ▁prize - w inners ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Soci ological ▁Qu arter ly ▁( TS Q ) ▁is ▁a ▁quarter ly ▁peer - review ed ▁academic ▁journal ▁published ▁by ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Francis ▁for ▁the ▁Mid west ▁Soci ological ▁Society . ▁It ▁covers ▁all ▁areas ▁of ▁soci ology ▁and ▁publish es ▁both ▁quant itative ▁and ▁qual itative ▁research . ▁The ▁current ▁edit ors - in - ch ief ▁are ▁Michael ▁G . ▁L acy ▁and ▁N . ▁P rab ha ▁Un n ith an ▁( Color ado ▁State ▁University ) ▁and ▁the ▁journal ▁manager ▁is ▁Chris ▁Mol oney ▁( Color ado ▁State ▁University ). ▁ ▁The ▁Qu arter ly ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁as ▁The ▁Mid west ▁Soci ologist , ▁making ▁T S Q ▁among ▁the ▁oldest ▁broad ▁interest ▁soci ological ▁journ als ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁▁ ▁Pre vious ▁edit ors ▁of ▁T S Q ▁were : ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁title ▁changed ▁to ▁The ▁Soci ological ▁Qu arter ly , ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁edit ors ▁having ▁ ▁served ▁since ▁then : ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Journal ▁C itation ▁Re ports , ▁the ▁journal ▁has ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ 5 - year ▁impact ▁factor ▁of ▁ 1 . 8 5 5 |
. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : English - language ▁journ als ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Category : Qu arter ly ▁journ als ▁Category : So ci ology ▁journ als ▁Category : Rout ledge ▁academic ▁journ als <0x0A> </s> ▁Tom ▁H uff ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Tom ▁E . ▁H uff ▁( 1 9 3 8 – 1 9 9 0 ), ▁American ▁author ▁ ▁Tom ▁H uff ▁( polit ician ) ▁( 1 9 3 3 – 2 0 1 3 ), ▁American ▁business man ▁and ▁politician <0x0A> </s> ▁D Q ▁Her cul is ▁( or ▁Nova ▁Her cul is ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁slow , ▁bright ▁nova ▁occurr ing ▁in ▁Her cules ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁The ▁nova ▁was ▁discovered ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁by ▁J . ▁P . ▁M . ▁Pr ent ice ▁from ▁St ow market , ▁Su ff olk . ▁It ▁reached ▁peak ▁bright ness ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁with ▁an ▁apparent ▁magnitude ▁of ▁ 1 . 5 . ▁The ▁nova ▁remained ▁visible ▁to ▁the ▁n aked ▁eye ▁for ▁several ▁months . ▁ ▁D Q ▁Her cul is ▁is ▁the ▁prototype ▁for ▁a ▁category ▁of ▁c ata c ly sm ic ▁variable ▁stars ▁called ▁intermediate ▁pol ars . ▁The ▁system ▁shows ▁orb ital ▁period ▁variation , ▁possibly ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁third ▁body . ▁ ▁In |
▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁The ▁nova ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bright est ▁objects ▁observable ▁in ▁the ▁night ▁sky . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁scientific ▁articles , ▁and ▁received ▁significant ▁coverage ▁in ▁popular ▁news ▁publications . ▁Brad ▁Ric ca , ▁an ▁English ▁professor ▁at ▁Case ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁University , ▁has ▁suggested ▁that ▁Nova ▁Her cul is ▁may ▁have ▁influenced ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁origin ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁com ic ▁book ▁super h ero ▁Super man . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁http :// www . d av idd ar ling . info / ency c lopedia / N / N ova _ Her cul is _ 1 9 3 4 . html ▁ ▁Category : Nov ae ▁Category : N ova ▁rem n ants ▁Category : Her cules ▁( const ell ation ) ▁Category : Inter mediate ▁pol ars ▁Category : H yp oth et ical ▁planet ary ▁systems ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁in ▁science ▁Her cul is , ▁D Q ▁Category : M - type ▁main - sequence ▁stars ▁ 1 9 3 4 1 2 1 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁K rat z ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁ ▁People ▁s urn amed ▁K rat z ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Clay ton ▁K rat z ▁( 1 8 9 6 – 1 9 2 0 ), ▁American ▁M enn on ite ▁relief ▁worker ▁ ▁Erik ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 0 ), ▁American ▁professional ▁baseball ▁catch er ▁ ▁Ken ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 0 |
- 6 1 ), ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁former ▁district ▁att orney ▁of ▁Cal um et ▁County , ▁Wisconsin ; ▁law ▁license ▁was ▁susp ended ▁for ▁four ▁months ▁after ▁se xt ing ▁sc andal ▁ ▁Kevin ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 7 ), ▁German ▁footballer ▁ ▁Mar l ene ▁K rat z , ▁fict ional ▁character ▁from ▁the ▁Australian ▁soap ▁opera ▁Ne igh b ours ▁ ▁May me ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 8 ), ▁American ▁artist ▁ ▁Rein hard ▁Greg or ▁K rat z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 7 ), ▁German ▁historian ▁and ▁the olog ian ▁ ▁Sam ▁K rat z , ▁fict ional ▁character ▁from ▁the ▁Australian ▁soap ▁opera ▁Ne igh b ours ▁ ▁Category : S urn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 1 st ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 7 3 6 – 1 8 0 5 ), ▁Irish ▁judge ▁and ▁politician ▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 3 rd ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 7 9 0 – 1 8 7 0 ), ▁Irish ▁no blem an ▁ ▁Barry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁ 5 th ▁Vis count ▁Av on more ▁( 1 8 5 9 – 1 8 8 5 ), ▁Ang lo - I r ish ▁peer ▁and ▁army ▁officer <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁Battle field ▁Park ▁pres erves ▁the ▁location ▁of |
▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁fought ▁on ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 1 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁was ▁de eded ▁to ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Indiana ▁by ▁John ▁Ti pton , ▁a ▁veter an ▁of ▁the ▁fight , ▁on ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 3 6 , ▁the ▁twenty - fif th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁battle . ▁The ▁site ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁major ▁political ▁r al lies ▁during ▁its ▁earlier ▁years , ▁those ▁most ▁significant ▁being ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 8 4 0 ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁William ▁Henry ▁Harrison ' s ▁bid ▁for ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁attended ▁by ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁The ▁location ▁was ▁attract ing ▁visitors ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 s , ▁and ▁the ▁battle field ▁was ▁border ed ▁by ▁the ▁Louis ville , ▁New ▁Alb any , ▁& ▁S alem ▁Rail road ▁during ▁that ▁de cade . ▁A ▁refresh ment ▁stand ▁was ▁built ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁site ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁visitors , ▁and ▁this ▁land ▁was ▁later ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁North west ▁Indiana ▁Conference ▁of ▁the ▁Method ist ▁Church ▁and ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁Battle ▁Gr ound ▁Colleg iate ▁Institute ▁and ▁later ▁for ▁a ▁Method ist ▁youth ▁camp . ▁Despite ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁location ▁for ▁the ▁ses qu ic ent enn ial ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁the ▁camp ▁was ▁abandoned ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and |
▁the ▁location ▁was ▁neglect ed . ▁It ▁was ▁designated ▁a ▁National ▁Historical ▁Land mark ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁Gr ound ▁Historic ▁District . ▁ ▁Local ▁residents ▁acquired ▁the ▁Method ist ▁property ▁upon ▁its ▁closure , ▁and ▁created ▁a ▁museum ▁in ▁the ▁camp ' s ▁l odge . ▁The ▁citiz en ' s ▁group ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County ▁Historical ▁Association ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁which ▁took ▁over ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁museum . ▁The ▁museum ▁was ▁extens ively ▁renov ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁Battle field ▁Monument ▁was ▁c eded ▁to ▁the ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County ▁Park ▁Board ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Rec re ational ▁opportun ities ▁ ▁H ik ing ▁( including ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁W ab ash ▁Heritage ▁Tra il ). ▁Nature ▁Center ▁Battle field ▁Monument ▁Museum ▁ ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁Battle field ▁Park ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County ▁Park ▁Board ▁and ▁the ▁Battle field ▁Museum ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County ▁Historical ▁Society . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Battle ▁Gr ound , ▁Indiana ▁John ▁Pur due ▁Battle ▁of ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁Out door ▁D rama ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁Historical ▁Society ▁website ▁on ▁the ▁park ▁" Life ▁Port rait ▁of ▁William ▁Henry ▁Harrison ", ▁from ▁C - SP AN ' s ▁American ▁Pres idents : ▁Life |
▁Port ra its , ▁broadcast ▁from ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁Battle field , ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁of ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁T ipp ec ano e , ▁battle ▁of ▁Category : National ▁Historic ▁Land marks ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Conf lict ▁sites ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : Mon uments ▁and ▁mem orial s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁and ▁war ▁museum s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : History ▁museum s ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁En te ▁Um man te ▁Peru ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Indian ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁family ▁road ▁movie ▁directed ▁by ▁Jose ▁Sebastian ▁and ▁co - written ▁by ▁Sebastian ▁and ▁Sar ath ▁R . ▁N ath . ▁The ▁film ▁stars ▁T ov ino ▁Thomas ▁and ▁Ur v ashi . ▁The ▁story ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁northern ▁Ker ala ▁( Mal ab ar ▁region ) ▁and ▁moves ▁to ▁L uck now ▁in ▁the ▁later ▁part . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Ham id ' s ▁( T ov ino ▁Thomas ) ▁father ▁Ha ider ▁is ▁his ▁only ▁relative ▁as ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁know ▁anything ▁about ▁his ▁mother . ▁His ▁father ▁never ▁respond s ▁to ▁questions ▁about ▁his |
▁mother . ▁Other ▁important ▁people ▁in ▁his ▁life ▁are ▁his ▁father ' s ▁friend ▁Ham z ako ya ▁( M am uk ko ya ) ▁and ▁his ▁friend ▁Be er an ▁( H are esh ▁Per um anna ). ▁ ▁One ▁day , ▁Ham id ▁is ▁at ▁a ▁marriage ▁party ▁with ▁Be er an ▁and ▁Be er an ▁is ▁suddenly ▁called ▁by ▁Ham z ako ya . ▁He ▁inform s ▁Be er an ▁that ▁Ham id ' s ▁father ▁just ▁died . ▁The ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father ▁makes ▁Ham id ▁sad ▁since ▁he ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁he ▁now ▁has ▁no ▁family , ▁even ▁though ▁Be er an ▁and ▁Ham zak ko ya ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁with ▁him . ▁To ▁pull ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁l onel iness , ▁Ham zak ko ya ▁and ▁Be er an ▁advise ▁him ▁to ▁get ▁married . ▁ ▁He ▁meets ▁Sain aba . ▁Even ▁though ▁Ham id ▁and ▁Sain aba ▁lik es ▁each ▁other , ▁Sain aba ' s ▁father ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁them ▁to ▁marry , ▁stating ▁that ▁Ham id ▁is ▁an ▁or phan . ▁This ▁makes ▁Ham id ▁even ▁sad der . ▁He ▁continues ▁his ▁life ▁looking ▁after ▁his ▁anti ques ▁shop ▁with ▁Be er an . ▁ ▁One ▁day ▁while ▁clear ing ▁j unk ▁from ▁his ▁house ▁he ▁finds ▁his ▁father ' s ▁will , ▁which ▁states ▁that ▁Ham id ' s ▁father ▁had ▁ 2 ▁w ives , ▁one ▁in ▁K oz h ik ode ▁and ▁another ▁in ▁P onn ani . |
▁It ▁said ▁that ▁Ha ider ' s ▁land ▁must ▁be ▁split ▁into ▁three ▁and ▁two ▁parts ▁must ▁be ▁given ▁to ▁his ▁two ▁w ives ▁and ▁one ▁to ▁char ity . ▁Ham id ▁s ells ▁the ▁land ▁and ▁dec ides ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁two ▁wid ows ▁to ▁give ▁them ▁their ▁inheritance , ▁hoping ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁would ▁turn ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁his ▁mother . ▁ ▁He ▁travel s ▁to ▁K oz h ik ode ▁to ▁meet ▁Ram l ath ▁( Sh anth i ▁Kr ish na ) ▁with ▁Be er an . ▁On ▁reaching ▁K oz h ik ode ▁he ▁meets ▁Sh ivan ▁( D ile esh ▁P oth an ) ▁a ▁former ▁employee ▁of ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁asks ▁him ▁about ▁his ▁mother , ▁but ▁does ▁not ▁get ▁prom ising ▁answers . ▁On ▁reaching ▁Ram l ath ' s ▁house ▁they ▁are ▁sh oo ed ▁away ▁by ▁her ▁ar rog ant ▁brother ▁( S idd h ique ) ▁after ▁Ham id ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁Ha id ar ' s ▁son . ▁The ▁next ▁day ▁they ▁catch ▁the ▁husband ▁with ▁another ▁woman . ▁They ▁press ur ize ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁agre es ▁to ▁let ▁them ▁meet ▁Ram l ath um ma . ▁Ham id ▁hands ▁over ▁her ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁but ▁confir ms ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁his ▁mother ▁and ▁thus ▁he ▁confir ms ▁that ▁A ish um ma ▁( U r vas i ) ▁in ▁P onn ani ▁should ▁be ▁his ▁mother . ▁He ▁set ▁off ▁to ▁P onn |
ani ▁to ▁meet ▁her . ▁He ▁meets ▁A ish um ma ▁and ▁takes ▁her ▁home . ▁ ▁Though ▁she ▁is ▁very ▁kind ▁and ▁car ing ▁with ▁Ham id , ▁she ▁was ▁not ▁so ▁with ▁Ham z ako ya ▁and ▁Be er an . ▁They ▁are ▁unh appy ▁about ▁A ish um ma ' s ▁ar rog ant ▁nature ▁and ▁Ham z ako ya ▁vis its ▁P onn ani ▁to ▁gather ▁information ▁about ▁her . ▁He ▁comes ▁to ▁know ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁Ham id ' s ▁mother . ▁He ▁then ▁while ▁sitting ▁inside ▁his ▁ant ique ▁shop , ▁a ▁customer ▁comes ▁to ▁buy ▁records ▁for ▁gram oph one . ▁He ▁accident ally ▁disco vers ▁a ▁post card ▁inside ▁a ▁record ▁cover . ▁ ▁While ▁trying ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁price , ▁Ham id ▁gives ▁him ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁free . ▁Since ▁the ▁letter ▁was ▁written ▁in ▁Ur du , ▁he ▁gets ▁it ▁read ▁and ▁explained ▁to ▁him ▁that ▁the ▁letter ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁L ail a ▁Beg um , ▁from ▁F ird ous ▁Qu ila , ▁L uck now . ▁He ▁then ▁plans ▁to ▁visit ▁L uck now ▁to ▁find ▁out . ▁A ish um ma ▁bl uff s ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁to ▁L uck now ▁ 2 – 3 ▁times ▁with ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁disco vers ▁while ▁reaching ▁L uck now ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁taken ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁ride ▁about ▁her ▁knowing ▁of ▁the ▁place ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁her ▁first ▁visit . ▁They ▁then ▁reach ▁a ▁l odge ▁and ▁sett les |
▁down . ▁While ▁as leep , ▁A ish um ma ▁ste als ▁and ▁h ides ▁that ▁post ▁card . ▁She ▁then ▁tries ▁to ▁force ▁Ham id ▁to ▁show ▁her ▁around ▁the ▁city . ▁Ham id ▁tries ▁to ▁reach ▁out ▁to ▁S iv ank ut ty , ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁lead . ▁Ham id ▁gets ▁an ▁address ▁from ▁him ▁about ▁an ▁ant ique ▁shop . ▁He ▁writes ▁it ▁down ▁in ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁paper ▁and ▁starts ▁to ▁search ▁the ▁shop , ▁since ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁know ▁to ▁read ▁Ur du ▁and ▁H indi . ▁The ▁story ▁then ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁conclusion ▁that ▁Beg um ▁L ail a ▁was ▁his ▁mother ▁and ▁to ▁confirm ▁he ▁finds ▁that ▁his ▁look - ali ke ▁son ▁comes ▁r iding ▁a ▁motor cycle . ▁But ▁she ▁is ▁now ▁married ▁and ▁has ▁her ▁son ▁getting ▁married ▁next ▁day . ▁He ▁leaves ▁the ▁place ▁te aring ▁off ▁the ▁post ▁card ▁for ▁good ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁his ▁home ▁with ▁accepting ▁A ish um ma ▁as ▁his ▁own ▁mother . ▁His ▁friend ▁Be er an ▁calls ▁up ▁and ▁inform s ▁that ▁Sain ab as ▁father ▁has ▁died ▁and ▁now ▁he ▁can ▁marry ▁her ▁and ▁the ▁film ▁ends . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁T ov ino ▁Thomas ▁as ▁ Ḥ am ī d ▁Hy der ali ▁/ ▁ Ḥ am ī d ' s ▁tw in ▁ ▁Ur v ashi ▁as ▁ Ā ’ ish ah ▁ ▁H are esh ▁Per um anna ▁as ▁B ī ran ▁ ▁Mam mu ko ya ▁as ▁ |
Ḥ am z ah ▁K ō ya ▁ ▁S ai ▁Pri ya ▁De va ▁as ▁Sain aba ▁ ▁S idd ique ▁as ▁Zak ker ▁ ▁Sh anth i ▁Kr ish na ▁as ▁Ram l ath ▁▁ ▁D ile esh ▁P oth an ▁as ▁Sh iv ank ut ty ▁ ▁Ram u ▁as ▁Mo ide en ▁ ▁V ij ay an ▁Kar anth oor ▁as ▁Hass an ▁ik ka ▁ ▁R ag hav an ▁as ▁R ag hav an ▁ ▁Sh il pa ▁Tul ask ar ▁as ▁Beg um ▁L ay lah ▁ ▁Ren ji ▁Pan icker ▁as ▁Moh ammed ▁Hy der ali ▁Me h fil ▁▁ ▁Un ni raj ▁Cher uv ath uras ▁Dance ▁master ▁ ▁Music ▁ ▁Production ▁Princi pal ▁phot ography ▁comm enced ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁schedule ▁was ▁wrapped ▁by ▁end ▁of ▁April . ▁The ▁second ▁schedule ▁comm enced ▁in ▁September ▁and ▁the ▁film ing ▁was ▁complete ▁by ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁G op i ▁S under ▁composed ▁the ▁music ▁and ▁background ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Ur v ashi ▁- ▁Van ith a ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Special ▁Performance ▁( F em ale ) ▁ ▁Ur v ashi - ▁Asian et ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Special ▁J ury ▁Award ▁( F em ale ) ▁ ▁Ur v ashi - ▁Creative ▁Film ▁Awards ▁- ▁Best ▁Support ing ▁Act ress ▁Award ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁road ▁mov |
ies ▁Category : Ind ian ▁road ▁mov ies ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁Mal ay al am - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Gu j ur ly ▁N es il ▁education ▁center ▁- ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁institution ▁providing ▁short ▁courses ▁on ▁languages , ▁mathematics ▁and ▁computer ▁skills . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ash g ab at , ▁Turk men istan . ▁ ▁Gu j ur ly ▁N es il ▁Education ▁Center ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁by ▁local ▁entrepr ene urs ▁inspired ▁from ▁the ▁teach ings ▁of ▁Este emed ▁President ▁of ▁Turk men istan ▁G UR B ANG UL Y ▁B ER DI M U HA ME DO W . ▁Ark ad ag ▁President ' s ▁scholar ly ▁wisdom ▁of ▁educational ▁philosophy ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁found ing ▁pill ar ▁of ▁our ▁education ▁center . ▁ ▁G NE C ▁is ▁a ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁institution ▁which ▁provides ▁short ▁term ▁season al ▁courses ▁throughout ▁the ▁year . ▁G NE C ' s ▁academic ▁year ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁educational ▁seasons ; ▁winter , ▁spring , ▁summer , ▁and ▁fall ▁academic ▁sessions . ▁Currently ▁G NE C ▁provides ▁multiple ▁level ▁English , ▁Russian , ▁German , ▁Computer ▁Technology , ▁and ▁Mathemat ics ▁courses . ▁All ▁courses ▁are ▁taught ▁in ▁three ▁sh ifts ; ▁morning , ▁afternoon , ▁and ▁evening . ▁ ▁G NE C ' s ▁entity ▁serves ▁wide ▁and ▁diverse ▁range ▁of ▁learn ers , ▁r anging ▁from ▁ 7 - year - old ▁school ▁k ids ▁to ▁working ▁adult s |
. ▁C ourses ▁are ▁delivered ▁by ▁highly ▁qualified ▁instruct ors ▁in ▁an ▁interactive ▁student ▁centered ▁teaching ▁fashion ▁using ▁cutting ▁edge ▁educational ▁technology ▁tools . ▁G NE C ' s ▁teacher - student ▁ratio ▁is ▁kept ▁at ▁a ▁minimum ▁level ▁to ▁enh ance ▁student - te acher ▁interaction . ▁ ▁C ourses ▁given ▁at ▁G NE C : ▁▁ 1 . ▁English : ▁Begin ner , ▁Element ary , ▁Pre - Inter mediate , ▁Inter mediate , ▁Upper - Inter mediate , ▁Advanced , ▁Pract ice ▁Cour se , ▁English ▁for ▁K ids ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; ▁▁ 2 . ▁Mathemat ics : ▁Mathemat ics ▁I ▁( Bas ics ▁of ▁Al gebra ), ▁Mathemat ics ▁II ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁Element ary ▁Function s ), ▁Mathemat ics ▁III ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁Tr ig ono imet ric ▁functions ), ▁Mathemat ics ▁IV ▁ ▁( Al gebra ▁and ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁analysis ); ▁▁ 3 . ▁Computer ▁Techn ologies : ▁Basic ▁Office ▁Tools , ▁Graph ical ▁App lications , ▁Arch itect ural ▁Draw ing , ▁ 3 D ▁Mod elling , ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Program ming , ▁Computer ▁Techn ical ▁Support , ▁Computer ▁Network ▁Administration , ▁Computer ▁Network ▁In frastr ucture , ▁Web ▁Design , ▁Web ▁Program ming , ▁Database ▁Management ▁( using ▁MS ▁Access ), ▁ ▁; ▁▁ 4 . ▁Russian : ▁Russian ▁for ▁K ids ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; ▁Russian ▁for ▁Ad ult s ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁ 3 ; |
▁▁ 5 . ▁German : ▁A 1 , ▁A 2 , ▁B 1 , ▁B 2 , ▁C 1 , ▁C 2 ; ▁▁ 6 . ▁Pre par ational ▁C ourses : ▁TO E FL ▁P rep ▁Cour se ; ▁IE LT S ▁P rep ▁Cour se ; ▁S AT ▁P rep ▁Cour se ; ▁ ▁S essions : ▁ ▁G NE C ▁has ▁ 3 ▁sessions ▁for ▁convenience ▁of ▁the ▁audience . ▁▁ 1 ) ▁Mor ning ▁session . ▁ 0 9 : 0 0 ▁- ▁ 1 2 : 0 0 ▁ 2 ) ▁Af ternoon ▁session . ▁ 1 5 : 0 0 ▁- ▁ 1 7 : 5 0 ▁ 3 ) ▁Even ing ▁session . ▁ 1 8 : 3 0 ▁- ▁ 2 1 : 2 0 ▁ ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Turk men istan <0x0A> </s> ▁P ine ▁Hill ▁is ▁a ▁mountain ▁in ▁Sch oh arie ▁County , ▁New ▁York . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁S ew ard . ▁Bar rack ▁Z our ie ▁is ▁located ▁east - s out heast ▁of ▁P ine ▁Hill . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Sch oh arie ▁County , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁representation ▁theory ▁of ▁mathematics , ▁the ▁Wald sp urger ▁formula ▁rel ates ▁the ▁special ▁values ▁of ▁two ▁L - functions ▁of ▁two ▁related ▁adm iss ible ▁ir reducible ▁representations . ▁▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁base ▁field , ▁ |
▁be ▁an ▁autom orph ic ▁form ▁over ▁, ▁ π ▁be ▁the ▁representation ▁associated ▁via ▁the ▁Jac quet – L ang lands ▁correspond ence ▁with ▁. ▁G oro ▁Sh im ura ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁proved ▁this ▁formula , ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁c us p ▁form ; ▁Gün ter ▁Hard er ▁made ▁the ▁same ▁discovery ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁in ▁an ▁un pub lished ▁paper . ▁Marie - France ▁V ign ér as ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁proved ▁this ▁formula , ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁new form . ▁ ▁Jean - L oup ▁Wald sp urger , ▁for ▁whom ▁the ▁formula ▁is ▁named , ▁repro ved ▁and ▁generalized ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁V ign ér as ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁via ▁a ▁totally ▁different ▁method ▁which ▁was ▁widely ▁used ▁there after ▁by ▁mathemat icians ▁to ▁prove ▁similar ▁formulas . ▁ ▁Stat ement ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁number ▁field , ▁ ▁be ▁its ▁ade le ▁ring , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁subgroup ▁of ▁invert ible ▁elements ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁subgroup ▁of ▁the ▁invert ible ▁elements ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁three ▁quadratic ▁characters ▁over ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁space ▁of ▁all ▁c us p ▁forms ▁over ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁He cke ▁algebra ▁of ▁. ▁Assume ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁adm iss ible ▁ir reducible ▁representation ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁, ▁the ▁central ▁character ▁of ▁ π ▁is ▁trivial , ▁ ▁when ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁arch im ede an ▁place , ▁ ▁is |
▁a ▁sub space ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁We ▁suppose ▁further ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁Lang lands ▁- constant ▁[ ▁; ▁ ▁] ▁associated ▁to ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁at ▁. ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 1 . ▁The ▁Leg endre ▁symbol ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁Because ▁all ▁the ▁terms ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁either ▁have ▁value ▁+ 1 , ▁or ▁have ▁value ▁− 1 , ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁can ▁only ▁take ▁value ▁in ▁the ▁set ▁{ + 1 , ▁− 1 }. ▁Definition ▁ 2 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁disc rimin ant ▁of ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 3 . ▁Let ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 4 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁maximal ▁tor us ▁of ▁, ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁, ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁It ' s ▁not ▁obvious ▁though , ▁in ▁fact , ▁the ▁function ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁general ization ▁of ▁the ▁G auss ▁sum . ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁a ▁field ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁One ▁can ▁choose ▁a ▁K - sub space ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁( i ) ▁; ▁( ii ) ▁. ▁De ▁fact o , ▁there ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁such ▁ ▁mod ulo ▁hom oth ety . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁two ▁maximal ▁t ori ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁We ▁can ▁choose ▁two ▁elements ▁ ▁of ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 5 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁disc rimin ants ▁of ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Comment . ▁When ▁the ▁two ▁characters |
▁co inci de ▁with ▁each ▁other , ▁the ▁right ▁hand ▁side ▁of ▁Definition ▁ 5 ▁becomes ▁trivial . ▁ ▁We ▁take ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁{ all ▁the ▁finite ▁- p laces ▁ ▁doesn ' t ▁map ▁non - zero ▁vectors ▁invariant ▁under ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁ ▁to ▁zero }, ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁{ ▁all ▁- p laces ▁ ▁is ▁real , ▁or ▁finite ▁and ▁special ▁} . ▁Theorem ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 4 , ▁p . 2 3 5 ▁ ]. ▁Let ▁. ▁We ▁assume ▁that , ▁( i ) ▁; ▁( ii ) ▁for ▁, ▁ ▁. ▁Then , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁constant ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁ ▁Comment s : ▁ ▁( i ) ▁The ▁formula ▁in ▁the ▁theorem ▁is ▁the ▁well - known ▁Wald sp urger ▁formula . ▁It ▁is ▁ ▁of ▁global - local ▁nature , ▁in ▁the ▁left ▁with ▁a ▁global ▁part , ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁with ▁a ▁local ▁part . ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁mathemat icians ▁often ▁call ▁it ▁the ▁classic ▁Wald sp urger ' s ▁formula . ▁ ▁( ii ) ▁It ▁is ▁worth while ▁to ▁notice ▁that , ▁when ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁are ▁equal , ▁the ▁formula ▁can ▁be ▁greatly ▁simplified . ▁ ▁( iii ) ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 6 , ▁p . 2 4 1 ▁] ▁When ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁characters ▁is ▁, ▁Wald sp urger ' s ▁formula ▁becomes ▁much ▁more ▁simple . ▁Without ▁loss ▁of ▁general ity , ▁we |
▁can ▁assume ▁that , ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁Then , ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁element ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁case ▁when ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁met ap lect ic ▁c us p ▁form ▁ ▁Let ▁p ▁be ▁prime ▁number , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁field ▁with ▁p ▁elements , ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁integer ▁ring ▁of ▁. ▁Assume ▁that , ▁, ▁D ▁is ▁square free ▁of ▁even ▁degree ▁and ▁cop r ime ▁to ▁N , ▁the ▁prime ▁factor ization ▁of ▁ ▁is ▁. ▁We ▁take ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁set ▁{ ▁ ▁}, ▁ ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁all ▁c us p ▁forms ▁of ▁level ▁N ▁and ▁depth ▁ 0 . ▁Suppose ▁that , ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 1 . ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁Leg endre ▁symbol ▁of ▁c ▁mod ulo ▁d , ▁. ▁Met ap lect ic ▁morph ism ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 2 . ▁Let ▁. ▁Peters son ▁inner ▁product ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 3 . ▁Let ▁. ▁G auss ▁sum ▁. ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁Lap lace ▁eigen value ▁of ▁. ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁constant ▁ ▁such ▁that ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 4 . ▁Assume ▁that , ▁. ▁Wh itt aker ▁function ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 5 . ▁Fourier - Wh itt aker ▁expansion ▁. ▁One ▁calls ▁ ▁the ▁Fourier - Wh itt aker ▁coefficients ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 6 . ▁At kin - Le hner ▁operator ▁ ▁with ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 7 . ▁Assume ▁that , ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁He cke ▁eigen form . ▁At kin - |
Le hner ▁eigen value ▁ ▁with ▁. ▁ ▁Definition ▁ 8 . ▁. ▁ ▁Let ▁ ▁be ▁the ▁met ap lect ic ▁version ▁of ▁, ▁{ ▁ ▁} ▁be ▁a ▁nice ▁He cke ▁eigen bas is ▁for ▁ ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁Peters son ▁inner ▁product . ▁We ▁note ▁the ▁Sh im ura ▁correspond ence ▁by ▁. ▁ ▁Theorem ▁[ ▁, ▁Th m ▁ 5 . 1 , ▁p . 6 0 ▁ ]. ▁Suppose ▁that , ▁, ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁quadratic ▁character ▁with ▁. ▁Then , ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Re presentation ▁theory ▁Category : Al gebra ic ▁number ▁theory ▁Category : H arm onic ▁analysis ▁Category : L ang lands ▁program <0x0A> </s> ▁T ade usz ▁My t nik ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Polish ▁cycl ist . ▁He ▁had ▁his ▁best ▁achiev ements ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 km ▁ ▁team ▁time ▁trial . ▁In ▁this ▁event ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁two ▁gold ▁and ▁one ▁bronze ▁med als ▁at ▁the ▁world ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Ind ivid ually , ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Pologne ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁Tour ▁of ▁M ał opol ska ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Fl è che ▁d ' Or ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 8 1 , ▁and ▁Sz la kiem ▁G rod ów ▁Pi ast ow skich ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Pol onia ▁Rest it uta . ▁ ▁After ▁ret iring ▁from ▁compet itions ▁he ▁ran ▁a ▁b icy cle ▁shop ▁in ▁G d yn ia ▁and ▁organized ▁cy cling ▁races . ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Wies ław a ▁My t nik ; ▁they ▁have ▁two ▁daughters , ▁Marc ina ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁and ▁ ▁Ag n ies zk ę ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁J aw or z yna ▁Ś lą ska ▁Category : Cy cl ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁cycl ists ▁of ▁Poland ▁Category : Pol ish ▁male ▁cycl ists ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Poland ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁cy cling ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Lower ▁S iles ian ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁Category : U CI ▁Road ▁World ▁Champions ▁( el ite ▁men ) ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Ernest ▁J ans an ▁( 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 |
) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁cr ick eter . ▁He ▁played ▁three ▁first - class ▁matches ▁for ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 9 / 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 3 / 0 4 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁representative ▁cr ick eters ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : New ▁South ▁Wales ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁Sel ma ▁Mut al ▁( born ▁in ▁Lima , ▁Peru ) ▁is ▁a ▁Franco ▁- ▁Dutch ▁film ▁score ▁composer . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁El ▁Dia ▁de ▁mi ▁Su erte ▁M ini ▁Series ( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁▁ ▁Los ▁Europe os ( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁G ymn ast ▁and ▁The ▁D ict ator ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁E der ly ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁All ▁the ▁D ifference ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁▁ ▁M aking - of ▁Be hind ▁the ▁Sc enes ▁Karl ▁L ager feld ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Van ished ▁Ele ph ant ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Ve zo ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁ ▁Und ert ow ▁/ ▁Cont rac or ri ente ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Mil k ▁of ▁Sor row ▁/ ▁La ▁T eta ▁As ust ada ▁( 2 0 0 9 |
) Seg nal azioni ▁cinemat ograf iche ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁secondo ▁sem estre ▁- ▁Volume ▁ 1 4 7 ▁- ▁Page ▁ 3 7 ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁" La ▁T eta ▁As ust ada ... ▁Sel ma ▁Mut al " ▁▁ ▁Made in usa ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁▁ ▁Em ue ▁& ▁Fur ios a '' ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : D utch ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁score ▁compos ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁R ex ▁Gr ignon ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian - American ▁animation ▁director ▁and ▁entrepr ene ur . ▁Gr ignon ▁received ▁his ▁animation ▁training ▁at ▁Sher idan ▁College ▁where ▁he ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁He ▁then ▁earned ▁his ▁Bach elor ' s ▁D eg ree ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology . ▁He ▁worked ▁in ▁Europe ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁staff ▁anim ator ▁and ▁Art ▁Director ▁in ▁Frankfurt ▁and ▁Paris , ▁mostly ▁working ▁on ▁early ▁ 3 D ▁commer ci als ▁and ▁broadcast ▁graphics . ▁Gr ignon ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁Pacific ▁Data ▁Im ages ▁as ▁a ▁Senior ▁Anim ator ▁and ▁co - f ounded ▁P DI ' s ▁Character |
▁An imation ▁Group ▁with ▁Tim ▁Johnson . ▁ ▁After ▁found ing ▁the ▁Character ▁An imation ▁Group , ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁with ▁Jim ▁H enson ▁and ▁Frank ▁O z ▁at ▁the ▁Jim ▁H enson ▁Company ▁as ▁lead ▁anim ator . ▁Gr ignon ▁briefly ▁left ▁P DI ▁to ▁work ▁at ▁P ix ar ▁as ▁an ▁anim ator ▁on ▁Toy ▁Story . ▁After ▁P DI ▁was ▁bought ▁by ▁Dream Work s ▁An imation , ▁Gr ignon ▁worked ▁as ▁the ▁Head ▁of ▁Character ▁An imation ▁on ▁such ▁films ▁as ▁Ant z , ▁Sh rek , ▁Mad agas car , ▁Mad agas car : ▁Es cape ▁ 2 ▁Africa , ▁and ▁Mad agas car ▁ 3 : ▁Europe ' s ▁Most ▁W anted . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Gr ignon ▁was ▁accepted ▁into ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Mot ion ▁Picture ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences — the ▁O sc ars — for ▁his ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁animation . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn us ▁Award , ▁An imation ▁from ▁Sher idan ▁College ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Premier ' s ▁Award ▁for ▁Creative ▁Arts ▁and ▁Design . ▁ ▁Gr ignon ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁designer ▁of ▁Prem o , ▁the ▁animation ▁software ▁developed ▁at ▁Dream Work s ▁An imation . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Prem o ▁won ▁a ▁Techn ical ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ▁from ▁The ▁Academy ▁of ▁Mot ion ▁Picture ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences . ▁ ▁Gr |
ignon ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁CE O ▁of ▁N im ble ▁Collect ive , ▁which ▁he ▁co - f ounded ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁with ▁Dream Work s ▁al umn i ▁Jason ▁Sch le ifer , ▁Bruce ▁Wilson ▁and ▁Scott ▁La F leur . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ignon ▁on ▁IMDb ▁▁▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ignon , ▁Reading ▁Between ▁the ▁' To ons ▁on ▁N PR ▁ ▁R ex ▁Gr ignon ▁( tr ust ee ) ▁at ▁SET I ▁Institute ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Berlin ▁Ex po Center ▁Airport ▁( short ▁BE CA ), ▁a ▁multi - pur pose ▁exhibition ▁ground , ▁bel on he ▁Ex po Center ▁is ▁special ised ▁in ▁av iation ▁related ▁fair s , ▁like ▁the ▁I LA ▁Berlin ▁Air ▁Show . ▁ ▁Pl anning ▁▁ ▁The ▁construction ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁area ▁started ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁was ▁finished ▁around ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁grounds ▁covers ▁approximately ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁metres ▁( 6 2 ▁acres ). ▁It ▁includes ▁h alls ▁and ▁ch alet ▁areas ▁for ▁aircraft ▁displays ▁and ▁an ▁out door ▁display ▁area ▁for ▁spect ators ▁and ▁access ▁routes . ▁ ▁The ▁operating ▁company ▁M esse imm obil ien ▁Sel ch ow ▁GmbH ▁( M IS ) ▁inv ested ▁ 2 7 ▁million ▁Euro ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of |
▁the ▁new ▁grounds . ▁ ▁Ex hib itions ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁▁ 0 4 . ▁to ▁ 0 6 . ▁June : ▁Pan or ama ▁( Ber lin ▁F ashion ▁Week ) ▁▁▁ 1 1 . ▁to ▁ 1 6 . ▁September : ▁I LA ▁Berlin ▁Air ▁Show ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Official ▁I LA - Page ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Tra de ▁fair s ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Con vention ▁cent res ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : E conom y ▁of ▁Berlin ▁Category : A ir ▁shows ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁D ah me - S pre ew ald <0x0A> </s> ▁R aff a ello ▁is ▁a ▁spher ical ▁co con ut – al mond ▁con fection ▁that ▁Italian ▁manufact urer ▁Ferr ero ▁brought ▁to ▁the ▁market ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁The ▁pr al ine ▁compr ises ▁a ▁spher ical ▁wa fer ▁which ▁is ▁filled ▁with ▁a ▁white ▁milk ▁cre am ▁and ▁white ▁bl anch ed ▁al mond s . ▁It ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁co con ut ▁layer . ▁R aff a ello ▁contains ▁no ▁ch oc olate , ▁but ▁does ▁contain ▁la ct ose , ▁making ▁R aff a ello ▁in compatible ▁for ▁consum ers ▁with ▁la ct ose ▁int ol er ance . ▁ ▁Ferr ero ▁fact ories ▁which ▁manufact ure ▁R aff a ello ▁include ▁Vladimir , ▁Russia ; ▁Br ant ford , ▁Canada ; ▁and ▁Ar lon , ▁Belg ium . ▁Russia ▁is ▁Ferr ero ' s ▁largest ▁market |
▁for ▁R aff a ello . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Belg ian ▁company ▁S orem arte c ▁( part ▁of ▁the ▁Ferr ero ▁Group ) ▁began ▁legal ▁action ▁against ▁Land rin , ▁a ▁Ukrain ian ▁company ▁which ▁began ▁producing ▁a ▁sweet ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁similar ▁to ▁R aff a ello , ▁called ▁Wa fer atto . ▁S orem arte c ▁file d ▁a ▁claim ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁that ▁Land rin ▁had ▁viol ated ▁S orem arte c ' s ▁tra dem ark ▁protect ing ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁R aff a ello ▁swe ets . ▁After ▁a ▁length y ▁court ▁battle , ▁the ▁High ▁Com mer cial ▁Court ▁of ▁Ukraine ▁ruled ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Land rin , ▁can cell ing ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁S orem arte c ' s ▁tra dem ark . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁a ▁court ▁in ▁Frankfurt ▁in ▁Germany ▁ruled ▁that ▁Ferr ero ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁list ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁R aff a ello ▁swe ets ▁in ▁each ▁packet ▁sold , ▁rather ▁than ▁simply ▁providing ▁the ▁weight . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁con fection ery ▁br ands ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Products ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Category : F err ero ▁br ands <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁Ad cept ▁is ▁a ▁tool ▁used ▁in ▁market ing ▁& ▁advert ising ▁development ▁to ▁test ▁cre ative ▁ideas ▁or ▁brand ▁position ings . ▁The ▁term ▁is ▁an ▁am alg am ation ▁of |
▁the ▁words ▁' ad vert ising ' ▁and ▁' con cept ', ▁indicating ▁its ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁half way ▁stage ▁between ▁a ▁concept ▁idea ▁and ▁an ▁advert ising ▁execution . ▁Trad itionally , ▁ad cept s ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁check ▁early ▁cre ative ▁work , ▁typically ▁with ▁advert ising ▁ag ency ▁clients ▁or ▁in ▁market ▁research ▁focus ▁groups . ▁ ▁An ▁alternative ▁to ▁concept ▁statements ▁Trad itionally , ▁qual itative ▁market ▁research ▁has ▁used ▁concept ▁statements ▁and ▁m ood ▁bo ards ▁to ▁test ▁ideas ▁with ▁target ▁consum ers . ▁However , ▁Richard ▁Wood s ▁( J ournal ▁of ▁Cons umer ▁Be hav iour , ▁Vol . 3 , ▁ 4 ▁ 3 8 8 - 4 0 3 ) ▁arg ues ▁that ▁concept ▁bo ards ▁are ▁un famil iar ▁and ▁lack ▁emot ional ▁appeal . ▁They ▁also ▁attempt ▁to ▁pull ▁apart ▁the ▁rational ▁and ▁the ▁emot ional , ▁which ▁goes ▁against ▁how ▁the ▁human ▁mind ▁evalu ates ▁ideas . ▁Because ▁advert ising ▁is ▁the ▁popular ▁language ▁of ▁br ands , ▁he ▁claims , ▁ad cept s ▁are ▁easier ▁for ▁consum ers ▁to ▁relate ▁to , ▁and ▁to ▁evaluate . ▁ ▁Form ats ▁Ad cept s ▁can ▁be ▁highly ▁finished ▁and ▁closely ▁res emble ▁final ▁advert ising ▁or ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁to ▁be ▁deliber ately ▁concept ual . ▁When ▁used ▁as ▁research ▁stim ulus , ▁Richard ▁Wood s ▁arg ues ▁that ▁this ▁rough er , ▁concept ual ▁format ▁is ▁needed . ▁Show ing ▁very ▁pol ished ▁ad cept s ▁to ▁focus ▁group |
▁participants ▁leads ▁them ▁to ▁pass ▁judgment ▁on ▁the ▁specific ▁execution ▁rather ▁than ▁exam ining ▁the ▁core ▁idea ▁being ▁expl ored . ▁ ▁App lications ▁At ▁their ▁most ▁basic ▁level , ▁ad cept s ▁are ▁useful ▁for ▁testing ▁advert ising ▁ideas ▁that ▁are ▁works ▁in ▁progress . ▁However , ▁when ▁used ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁concept ▁bo ards , ▁they ▁are ▁ide ally ▁su ited ▁to ▁isol ating ▁what ▁a ▁brand ▁could ▁stand ▁for , ▁and ▁expl oring ▁the ▁areas ▁it ▁could ▁expand ▁into ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁ ▁References ▁Wood s , ▁Richard ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Journal ▁of ▁Cons umer ▁Be hav iour , ▁Vol . 3 , ▁ 4 ▁ 3 8 8 - 4 0 3 ▁ ▁Category : Ad vert ising <0x0A> </s> ▁S yar he y ▁V ikt ar av ich ▁K is ly ak ▁( ; ▁; ▁born ▁ 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Bel arus ian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Din amo ▁Br est . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Club ▁In ▁summer ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁K is ly ak ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an , ▁but ▁stayed ▁on ▁loan ▁in ▁his ▁previous ▁team ▁Din amo ▁Min sk ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season . ▁He ▁finally ▁joined ▁Rub in ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁K is ly ak ▁signed ▁for ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Ir ty |
sh ▁Pav l od ar . ▁ ▁International ▁K is ly ak ▁n ett ed ▁the ▁only ▁two ▁goals ▁for ▁Bel arus ▁U - 2 1 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Football ▁Championship , ▁opening ▁the ▁scoring ▁in ▁the ▁matches ▁against ▁Sweden ▁U - 2 1 ▁and ▁Italy ▁U - 2 1 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁K is ly ak ▁made ▁his ▁international ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁senior ▁side , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁last - min ute ▁substitute ▁for ▁Serge i ▁K orn ilen ko ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 1 ▁away ▁draw ▁with ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁match . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁senior ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 0 ▁friendly ▁win ▁against ▁South ▁Korea . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁K is ly ak ▁scored ▁the ▁only ▁goal ▁for ▁the ▁Bel arus ians ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 – 0 ▁away ▁win ▁against ▁France ▁after ▁a ▁V y aches lav ▁H leb ▁assist ▁to ▁help ▁provide ▁a ▁winning ▁start ▁to ▁the ▁country ' s ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁qual ification ▁campaign . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Statistics ▁accurate ▁as ▁of ▁match ▁played ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁International ▁goals ▁Sc ores ▁and ▁results ▁list ▁Bel arus ' ▁goal ▁t ally ▁first |
. ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Din amo ▁Min sk ▁Bel arus ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁champion : ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an ▁Russian ▁Cup ▁winner : ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁ ▁Din amo ▁Br est ▁Bel arus ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁champion : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Bel arus ian ▁Super ▁Cup ▁winner : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁ ▁Personal ▁K is ly ak ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁his ▁child hood ▁football ▁id ols ▁were ▁She v chen ko ▁and ▁Mar ad ona , ▁while ▁he ▁also ▁adm ires ▁the ▁playing ▁style ▁of ▁Steven ▁G err ard . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Kam yen y ets ▁Category : Bel arus ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Bel arus ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Bel arus ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Category : Bel arus ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Russ ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁R U OR ▁Min sk ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Din amo ▁Min sk ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Rub in ▁Kaz an ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁K ras n od ar ▁players ▁Category : G az iante ps por |
▁football ers ▁Category : FC ▁Ir ty sh ▁Pav l od ar ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Dynam o ▁Br est ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁X u ▁J ie ▁( <0xE5> <0xBE> <0x90> <0xE7> <0x8E> <0xA0> ) ▁( 8 6 8 - 9 4 3 ), ▁cour tes y ▁name ▁Y ung ui ▁( <0xE8> <0x98> <0x8A> <0xE5> <0x9C> <0xAD> ), ▁formally ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Ga op ing ▁( 高 平 王 ), ▁was ▁an ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Five ▁D ynast ies ▁and ▁Ten ▁Kingdom s ▁Period ▁states ▁Wu ▁and ▁Southern ▁Tang , ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁ch an cell or ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Southern ▁Tang ' s ▁first ▁em peror ▁Li ▁Bian ▁( X u ▁Zh iga o ). ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 8 6 8 , ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Emperor ▁X iz ong ▁of ▁Tang . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁from ▁P eng ch eng ▁( <0xE5> <0xBD> <0xAD> 城 , ▁in ▁modern ▁X uz hou , ▁Ji ang su ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁de xt r ous , ▁capable , ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁speaker . ▁ ▁At ▁some ▁point , ▁he ▁became ▁an ▁officer ▁under ▁the ▁general ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁( <0xE5> <0xB4> <0x94> <0xE6> <0xB4> <0xAA> ), ▁who ▁was , ▁as ▁of ▁ 8 9 9 , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁( J ied ush i ) ▁of ▁F eng gu o ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE5> <0xA5> <0x89> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Z hum ad |
ian , ▁Hen an ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 8 9 9 , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁F eng gu o ▁officers , ▁led ▁by ▁C ui ▁J ings i ▁( <0xE5> <0xB4> <0x94> 景 思 ), ▁were ▁fear ful ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁war l ord ▁Z hu ▁Qu anz h ong ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁X uan w u ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE5> <0xAE> <0xA3> 武 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Ka if eng , ▁Hen an ), ▁who ▁was ▁forcing ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁into ▁subm itting ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁They ▁co er ced ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁into ▁abandon ing ▁F eng gu o ' s ▁capital ▁C ai ▁Pref ect ure ▁( <0xE8> <0x94> <0xA1> 州 ) ▁and ▁fle eing ▁to ▁the ▁domain ▁of ▁another ▁major ▁war l ord , ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁Hu ain an ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE6> <0xB7> <0xAE> 南 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Yang z hou , ▁Ji ang su ). ▁ ▁As ▁they ▁approached ▁Yang ' s ▁domain , ▁C ui ▁Hong ▁sent ▁X u ▁in ▁advance ▁to ▁meet ▁Yang ▁to ▁submit . ▁ ▁Yang ▁subsequently ▁retained ▁X u ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁an ▁officer ▁under ▁him . ▁ ▁By ▁ 9 0 6 , ▁Hu ain an ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁son ▁and ▁successor ▁Yang ▁Wo . ▁ ▁That ▁year , ▁Yang ▁Wo , ▁taking ▁advantage ▁of ▁a ▁succession ▁struggle ▁at ▁Zh enn an ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAE> |
南 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁N anch ang , ▁Ji ang xi ) ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁its ▁military ▁governor ▁Zh ong ▁Ch uan ▁between ▁Zh ong ▁Ch uan ' s ▁son ▁Zh ong ▁Ku ang sh i ▁and ▁adopt ive ▁son ▁Zh ong ▁Yang ui ▁( <0xE9> <0x8D> <0xBE> <0xE5> <0xBB> <0xB6> <0xE8> <0xA6> <0x8F> ), ▁launched ▁a ▁major ▁attack ▁on ▁Zh enn an ▁and ▁captured ▁it . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁campaign , ▁X u ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁food ▁supply ▁officer , ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁successful ▁campaign ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁pre fect ▁of ▁Ji ▁Pref ect ure ▁( 吉 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Ji ' an , ▁Ji ang xi ). ▁ ▁During ▁Hong n ong / W u ▁ ▁By ▁ 9 1 2 , ▁Tang ▁had ▁fallen , ▁and ▁Yang ▁Wo ' s ▁domain ▁was ▁now ▁ruled ▁by ▁his ▁brother ▁and ▁successor ▁Yang ▁Long yan , ▁who ▁carried ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Prince ▁of ▁Hong n ong , ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁state . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁govern ance ▁of ▁the ▁Hong n ong ▁state ▁was ▁actually ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁X u ▁W en , ▁who ▁had ▁along ▁with ▁Z hang ▁Ha o , ▁assass in ated ▁Yang ▁Wo ▁and ▁become ▁reg ent . ▁ ▁Several ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁old ▁gener als ▁— ▁Li u ▁Wei ▁( 劉 <0xE5> <0xA8> <0x81> ) ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁Zh enn an , ▁T ao ▁Ya ▁( <0xE9> <0x99> <0xB6> 雅 ) ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁She |
▁Pref ect ure ▁( <0xE6> <0xAD> <0x99> 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Hu ang sh an , ▁An hui ), ▁Li ▁Yu ▁( 李 <0xE9> <0x81> <0x87> ) ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁X uan ▁Pref ect ure ▁( <0xE5> <0xAE> <0xA3> 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁X uan ch eng , ▁An hui ), ▁and ▁Li ▁J ian ▁( 李 <0xE7> <0xB0> <0xA1> ) ▁the ▁pre fect ▁of ▁Ch ang ▁Pref ect ure ▁( 常 州 , ▁in ▁modern ▁Ch ang z hou , ▁Ji ang su ) ▁— ▁were ▁diss atisf ied ▁with ▁the ▁situation ▁and ▁were ▁particularly ▁not ▁respect ful ▁of ▁X u ▁W en . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ▁was ▁particularly ▁ups et ▁with ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁govern ance , ▁often ▁stating , ▁" Who ▁is ▁this ▁X u ▁W en ? ▁ ▁I ▁have ▁not ▁even ▁met ▁him , ▁and ▁now ▁he ▁is ▁in ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁state !" ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 1 2 , ▁when ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁then ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁travel ▁pav il ions ▁( 館 <0xE9> <0xA9> <0x9B> 使 , ▁Gu any ishi ), ▁was ▁on ▁a ▁diplom atic ▁mission ▁to ▁Hong n ong ' s ▁sout he astern ▁neighbor ▁W uy ue , ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁him ▁visit ▁Li ▁Yu ▁at ▁X uan ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁persu ade ▁Li ▁Yu ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁capital ▁Gu ang ling ▁( <0xE5> <0xBB> <0xA3> <0xE9> <0x99> <0xB5> ) ▁to ▁pay ▁hom age ▁to ▁Yang ▁Long yan . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu |
▁initially ▁agreed . ▁ ▁However , ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁during ▁the ▁conversation , ▁stated , ▁" If ▁you ▁do ▁not ▁do ▁so , ▁Lord , ▁people ▁will ▁believe ▁that ▁you ▁are ▁reb elling ." ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ▁an gr ily ▁respond ed , ▁" You , ▁sir , ▁said ▁that ▁I , ▁Li ▁Yu , ▁would ▁be ▁reb elling . ▁ ▁Is ▁it ▁not ▁the ▁case ▁that ▁one ▁who ▁killed ▁the ▁Sh iz h ong ▁[( i . e ., ▁Yang ▁Wo , ▁who ▁carried ▁that ▁title )] ▁would ▁be ▁reb elling ?" ▁ ▁X u ▁W en , ▁subsequently , ▁had ▁the ▁general ▁Ch ai ▁Z ai y ong ▁( <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xB4> 再 用 ) ▁attack ▁X uan . ▁ ▁When ▁Li ▁Yu ▁subsequently ▁surrender ed , ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁Li ▁Yu ' s ▁family ▁sla ugh tered . ▁ ▁Li ▁Yu ' s ▁son ▁had ▁married ▁one ▁of ▁Yang ▁X ing mi ' s ▁daughters , ▁who ▁was ▁sp ared ▁from ▁execution ▁because ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁prince ' s ▁sister . ▁ ▁She ▁subsequently ▁married ▁X u ▁J ie ▁as ▁his ▁wife . ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 1 8 , ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁oldest ▁bi ological ▁son ▁X u ▁Zh ix ù n , ▁whom ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁made ▁junior ▁reg ent ▁and ▁in ▁day - to - day ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁( which ▁by ▁that ▁point ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Wu ), ▁was ▁assass in ated ▁by ▁the ▁general ▁Z |
hu ▁Jin , ▁who ▁subsequently ▁committed ▁suic ide . ▁ ▁As ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁other ▁bi ological ▁sons ▁were ▁all ▁young , ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁adopt ive ▁son ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁junior ▁reg ent . ▁ ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁considered ▁X u ▁J ie ' s ▁govern ance ▁of ▁Ji ▁Pref ect ure ▁to ▁be ▁poor , ▁and ▁found ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁cor rupt ▁and ▁obsc ene , ▁and ▁therefore ▁removed ▁him ▁from ▁the ▁post . ▁ ▁However , ▁X u ▁W en ▁himself ▁considered ▁X u ▁J ie ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁good ▁assistant , ▁and ▁therefore ▁invited ▁X u ▁J ie ▁to ▁serve ▁on ▁staff , ▁as ▁the ▁deput y ▁commander ▁of ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁army ; ▁and ▁X u ▁J ie ▁became ▁a ▁close ▁associate ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁As ▁X u ▁J ie ▁res ented ▁X u ▁Zh iga o , ▁he ▁often ▁told ▁X u ▁W en , ▁" The ▁reg ency ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁is ▁so ▁important ▁that ▁you ▁cannot ▁trust ▁it ▁to ▁someone ▁of ▁a ▁different ▁surname . ▁ ▁You ▁should ▁let ▁your ▁proper ▁son ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ▁[( X u ▁W en ' s ▁second ▁bi ological ▁son )] ▁replace ▁him ." ▁ ▁But ▁as ▁X u ▁W en ▁was ▁considering ▁the ▁matter ▁and ▁resol ving ▁to ▁replace ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁with ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún , ▁he ▁fell ▁ill ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁ 9 |
2 7 . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁death , ▁then - W u ▁em peror ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁( Y ang ▁Long yan ' s ▁younger ▁brother ▁and ▁successor ) ▁split ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁titles ▁between ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁and ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún , ▁with ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁assuming ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁title ▁as ▁over se er ▁of ▁all ▁military ▁matters ▁( 都 <0xE7> <0x9D> <0xA3> 中 外 <0xE7> <0xB8> <0xBD> 軍 事 , ▁D ud u ▁Zh ong w ai ▁Z ong j un sh i ), ▁while ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁deput y ▁supre me ▁commander ▁of ▁all ▁circ uits ▁( <0xE8> <0xAB> <0xB8> 道 <0xE5> <0x89> <0xAF> 都 <0xE7> <0xB5> <0xB1> , ▁Zh uda o ▁Fu ▁D ut ong , ▁with ▁X u ▁W en ▁having ▁been ▁supre me ▁commander ▁before , ▁and ▁that ▁post ▁now ▁left ▁open ) ▁and ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁( <0xE5> <0xAF> <0xA7> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁X uan ch eng , ▁An hui ) ▁and ▁Z hen hai ▁( <0xE9> <0x8E> <0xAE> 海 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁modern ▁Z hen ji ang , ▁Ji ang su ) ▁Circ uits , ▁which ▁X u ▁W en ▁had ▁been ; ▁he ▁also ▁took ▁the ▁greater ▁honor ary ▁ch an cell or ▁title ▁of ▁Sh iz h ong ▁( <0xE4> <0xBE> <0x8D> 中 ). ▁ |
▁Even ▁though ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁remained ▁in ▁control ▁of ▁Wu ' s ▁imperial ▁government , ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún , ▁at ▁Jin ling ▁( 金 <0xE9> <0x99> <0xB5> , ▁in ▁modern ▁Nan j ing , ▁Ji ang su ), ▁controlled ▁the ▁largest ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁he , ▁w ield ing ▁that ▁authority , ▁cont ended ▁for ▁decision - making ▁with ▁X u ▁Zh iga o , ▁who ▁tried ▁to ▁cur b ▁X u ▁Zh ix un ' s ▁military ▁power . ▁ ▁Given ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ' s ▁military ▁strength , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁fe ared ▁him , ▁but ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ' s ▁ar rog ance ▁al ien ated ▁his ▁younger ▁bi ological ▁brothers . ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie , ▁who ▁had ▁previously ▁supported ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún , ▁also ▁realized ▁that ▁X u ▁Zh ix un ▁lack ed ▁the ▁proper ▁ab ilities ▁to ▁lead , ▁and ▁instead ▁turned ▁his ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁X u ▁Zh iga o , ▁inform ing ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁of ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ' s ▁short com ings . ▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁ 9 2 9 , ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún ▁tried ▁to ▁sum mon ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁to ▁Jin ling ▁to ▁attend ▁a ▁ceremony ▁where ▁they ▁would ▁remove ▁m our ning ▁clothes ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁put ▁on ▁for ▁X u ▁W en ' s ▁death ; ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁refused , ▁claim ing |
▁that ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁would ▁not ▁let ▁him ▁leave ▁the ▁capital . ▁ ▁X u ▁Zh ix ún , ▁mean while , ▁was ▁trick ed ▁by ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁Gu ang ling . ▁ ▁Once ▁he ▁arrived ▁there , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁det ained ▁him ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁allow ▁him ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Jin ling , ▁sending ▁the ▁officer ▁Ke ▁Hou ▁( <0xE6> <0x9F> <0xAF> <0xE5> <0x8E> <0x9A> ) ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁Jin ling ▁forces ▁back ▁to ▁Gu ang ling , ▁thus ▁cons olid ating ▁the ▁command ▁under ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁himself . ▁ ▁Given ▁X u ▁J ie ' s ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁at ▁this ▁point , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁became ▁closely ▁associated ▁with ▁him , ▁with ▁the ▁res ent ment ▁between ▁them ▁gone . ▁ ▁When ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁himself ▁later ▁took ▁up ▁his ▁headquarters ▁in ▁Jin ling , ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁commander ▁of ▁his ▁army . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 9 3 4 , ▁he , ▁along ▁with ▁Li ▁J ian x un , ▁was ▁beginning ▁to ▁encou rage ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁throne ▁from ▁Yang ▁Pu . ▁ ▁When , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁that ▁transition ▁process , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁received ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁General iss imo ▁and ▁established ▁a ▁headquarters ▁in ▁ 9 3 6 , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁made ▁X u ▁J ie ▁and ▁a ▁long - |
time ▁ad visor , ▁Song ▁Q i q iu , ▁the ▁military ▁advis ors ▁at ▁the ▁General iss imo ▁headquarters . ▁ ▁In ▁ 9 3 7 , ▁with ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ' s ▁having ▁received ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Prince ▁of ▁Q i , ▁X u ▁J ie ▁and ▁Song ▁were ▁made ▁the ▁princip ality ' s ▁ch an cell ors . ▁ ▁During ▁Southern ▁Tang ▁ ▁In ▁fall ▁ 9 3 7 , ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁yield ed ▁the ▁throne ▁to ▁X u ▁Zh iga o , ▁ending ▁Wu , ▁with ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁starting ▁a ▁new ▁state ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁Southern ▁Tang . ▁ ▁When ▁X u ▁Zh iga o , ▁after ▁taking ▁the ▁throne , ▁submitted ▁a ▁pet ition ▁to ▁Yang ▁accepting ▁the ▁throne ▁and ▁still ▁tre ating ▁Yang ▁Pu ▁like ▁an ▁em peror ▁and ▁his ▁lord , ▁it ▁was ▁X u ▁J ie ▁who ▁delivered ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ' s ▁pet ition ▁to ▁Yang . ▁ ▁When , ▁subsequently , ▁many ▁officials ▁were ▁subm itting ▁pet itions ▁to ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁asking ▁to ▁change ▁place ▁names ▁containing ▁" Y ang " ▁or ▁" W u " ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁name , ▁it ▁was ▁X u ▁J ie ▁who ▁spoke ▁against ▁such ▁pet itions , ▁stating , ▁" Your ▁Imperial ▁Majesty ▁accepted ▁the ▁throne ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁will ▁of ▁heaven ▁and ▁man , ▁without ▁se izing ▁it ▁by ▁impro per ▁means . ▁ ▁The ▁fl atter ing ▁and ▁evil ▁people |
▁are ▁concentr ating ▁on ▁changing ▁minute ▁matters . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁priority , ▁and ▁you ▁should ▁not ▁follow ▁them ." ▁ ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁agreed ▁with ▁his ▁assess ment . ▁ ▁X u ▁J ie ▁was ▁subsequently ▁made ▁the ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁Circ uit ▁( <0xE5> <0xAF> <0xA7> 國 , ▁head qu arter ed ▁at ▁X uan ▁Pref ect ure ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁this ▁was ▁announced , ▁his ▁wife ▁Lady ▁Yang , ▁remember ing ▁what ▁had ▁happened ▁with ▁her ▁first ▁husband ▁and ▁his ▁family , ▁died ▁due ▁to ▁her ▁dist ress ▁and ▁anger . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Zh enn an ▁Circ uit ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁honor ary ▁ch an cell or ▁title ▁of ▁Zh ong sh u ▁L ing ▁( 中 書 令 ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁re called ▁to ▁the ▁Southern ▁Tang ▁imperial ▁government ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁ch an cell or ▁with ▁the ▁titles ▁of ▁Situ ▁( 司 <0xE5> <0xBE> <0x92> ) ▁and ▁You ▁Ch eng xi ang ▁( 右 <0xE4> <0xB8> <0x9E> 相 ), ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁given ▁real ▁responsibility . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁particularly ▁more ▁gre edy ▁in ▁his ▁old ▁age , ▁such ▁that ▁his ▁sub ordinates ▁were ▁dist ress ed . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁al ch emy , ▁but ▁often ▁bought ▁disc ount ▁c inn ab ar ▁of ▁lower ▁gr ades ▁in ▁his ▁al chem ist ▁exer cis es , ▁leading ▁to ▁der ision . ▁ |
▁He ▁died ▁in ▁ 9 4 3 , ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Li ▁J ing , ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ' s ▁son ▁and ▁successor ▁( as ▁X u ▁Zh iga o ▁later ▁changed ▁his ▁name ▁to ▁Li ▁Bian , ▁reflect ing ▁his ▁birth ▁surname ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁▁▁ ▁Spring ▁and ▁Aut umn ▁Ann als ▁of ▁the ▁Ten ▁Kingdom s , ▁vol . ▁ 2 1 . ▁ ▁Z iz hi ▁T ong j ian , ▁vol s . ▁ 2 6 8 , ▁ 2 7 6 , ▁ 2 7 9 , ▁ 2 8 0 , ▁ 2 8 1 . ▁ ▁Category : 8 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 9 4 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Y ang ▁Wu ▁people ▁born ▁during ▁Tang ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁X uz hou ▁Category : Gener als ▁from ▁Ji ang su ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁office - hold ers ▁in ▁Ji ang xi ▁Category : Y ang ▁Wu ▁polit icians ▁Category : S ou thern ▁Tang ▁ch an cell ors ▁Category : Ch inese ▁princes ▁Category : S ou thern ▁Tang ▁j ied ush i ▁of ▁N ing gu o ▁Circ uit ▁Category : S ou thern ▁Tang ▁j ied ush i ▁of ▁Zh enn an ▁Circ uit <0x0A> </s> ▁K ud an ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district ▁in ▁Raj as than , ▁India . ▁It ▁is ▁relatively ▁a ▁well - develop ed ▁village ▁which ▁is ▁connected ▁by ▁roads ▁and ▁with ▁all |
▁forms ▁of ▁modern ▁communication ▁facilities . ▁The ▁majority ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁belongs ▁to ▁J at ▁community ▁with ▁S unda ▁and ▁Mah aria ▁representing ▁largest ▁and ▁second ▁largest ▁got ras ▁respectively ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁numbers . ▁Moreover , ▁other ▁cast es ▁are ▁Har ij ans ▁and ▁N ay aks ( D al its ), ▁Raj put s ( She kh aw at ), ▁Bra hm ins , ▁Kh ati ( J ang ir ), ▁Sun ar ( S oni ▁( c aste )), ▁Dar oga , ▁N ai ▁( c aste ), ▁J at ( k aj la ) and ▁J at ( Ph og aw at ). ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁marg inal ▁population ▁of ▁Muslim s ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁village ▁came ▁into ▁prom in ence ▁during ▁British ▁Raj ▁for ▁its ▁role ▁in ▁freedom ▁movement ▁from ▁the ▁Raj put s ▁and ▁abol ition ▁of ▁Jag irs . ▁ ▁History ▁Kun war ▁Bag h ▁Singh ▁son ▁of ▁R ao ▁Sam r ath ▁Singh ▁of ▁Tor aw ati , ▁Pat an ▁( 1 7 4 8 – 1 7 5 4 ) ▁was ▁th ak ur ▁of ▁K ood an ▁under ▁S ik ar ▁th ik ana ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁Kun war ▁G uman ▁Singh ▁of ▁Mag lo ona ▁village . ▁ ▁Ro le ▁in ▁She kh aw ati ▁far mers ’ ▁movement ▁ ▁Before ▁independence ▁the ▁conditions ▁of ▁the ▁far mers ▁were ▁worst . ▁The ▁far mers ▁of ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁region ▁were ▁explo ited ▁and ▁opp ress ed ▁by |
▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁during ▁British ▁Raj . ▁They ▁were ▁dep riv ed ▁of ▁fundamental ▁rights . ▁They ▁were ▁given ▁in human ▁treatment ▁when ▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁c esses ▁known ▁as ▁" lag " ▁( tax ) ▁or ▁" beg ar " ▁( un pa id ▁work ) ▁in ▁time , ▁they ▁were ▁given ▁hard ▁pun ish ments ▁and ▁their ▁c rop ▁used ▁to ▁be ▁destroyed . ▁Every ▁thing ▁that ▁the ▁far mers ▁had , ▁never ▁treated ▁as ▁his ▁own . ▁In ▁Jag ir ▁areas ▁all ▁cultiv ators ▁were ▁really ▁land less . ▁There ▁was ▁no ▁ten ancy ▁law ▁and ▁one ▁could ▁be ▁thrown ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁land ▁one ▁cultiv ated ▁at ▁the ▁pleasure ▁of ▁Jag ird ar , ▁his ▁" mal ik " ▁( owner ). ▁In ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Jag irs ▁a ▁Jag ird ar ▁would ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁instance ▁be ▁taking ▁fifty ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁produce . ▁This ▁would ▁be ▁taken ▁by ▁actual ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁on ▁the ▁thr ash ing ▁floor ▁or ▁by ▁app rais al ▁of ▁the ▁standing ▁c rop ▁( k unta ). ▁Then ▁over ▁and ▁above ▁the ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁the ▁far mers ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁numerous ▁" l ags " ▁or ▁c esses . ▁There ▁were ▁ 3 7 ▁kinds ▁of ▁‘ l ags " ▁pre val ent ▁in ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁area . ▁T ogether ▁with ▁the ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁produce ▁known ▁as ▁" Has il " ▁( share ) ▁these ▁c esses ▁meant ▁that ▁the |
▁far mers ▁had ▁to ▁part ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁eight y ▁percent ▁of ▁their ▁produce . ▁The ▁find ings ▁of ▁the ▁Su kh de on ar ain ▁Committee ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 4 0 - 4 2 ▁bear ▁this ▁out . ▁If ▁a ▁far mer ▁had ▁to ▁marry ▁his ▁daughter ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁" Ch av ri ▁Lag " ▁( mar riage ▁tax ), ▁if ▁he ▁held ▁a ▁dinner ▁then ▁a ▁" K ans a ▁Lag "; ▁if ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁separated ▁then ▁" D h un wa ▁Lag " ▁( house ▁tax ) ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁If ▁the ▁Jag ird ar ▁had ▁a ▁guest ▁then ▁f od der ▁for ▁his ▁mount ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁supplied . ▁Then ▁there ▁was ▁" beg ar " ▁that ▁is ▁forced ▁labour , ▁for ▁till ing ▁the ▁personal ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Jag ird ar . ▁The ▁hom est ead ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁far mers ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁habit ation ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁vac ated ▁in ▁case ▁he ▁ceased ▁cultiv ating ▁the ▁land . ▁He ▁could ▁not ▁al ien ate ▁the ▁plot ▁to ▁anyone . ▁ ▁Farm ers ▁of ▁the ▁She kh aw ati , ▁mainly ▁the ▁J ats , ▁un ited ▁against ▁opp ression ▁of ▁Jag ird ars ▁by ▁forming ▁‘ S ik ar ▁J at - K isan - P anch ay at ’ ▁and ▁stopped ▁giving ▁" l ags " ▁or ▁c esses ▁to ▁the ▁Jag ird ards . ▁The ▁‘ J a ip ur ▁Pra ja - M andal ’ |
▁also ▁supported ▁the ▁She kh aw ati ▁far mers ’ ▁movement ▁against ▁abol ition ▁of ▁Jag ird ari ▁system . ▁The ▁leaders ▁of ▁‘ B ij oria - K isan - M ov ement ’ ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁supported ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁She kh aw ati ▁far mers . ▁The ▁Jag ird ars ▁tried ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁movement ▁in ▁many ▁ways . ▁Many ▁far mers ▁were ▁killed ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁j ail . ▁A ▁J at ▁far mer ▁was ▁be aten ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁the ▁market ▁of ▁S ik ar ▁town ; ▁his ▁dead ▁body ▁was ▁thrown ▁and ▁ins ult ed . ▁ ▁The ▁J at ▁Pra j ap ati ▁Mah a - Y aj na ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁to ▁spread ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁A ry a ▁Sam aj ▁and ▁create ▁aw ak ening ▁in ▁She kh aw ati , ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁Pra j ap ati ▁Y aj na ▁( P ray er ▁ceremony ▁for ▁the ▁Lord ▁of ▁Un iverse ). ▁The ▁J at ▁Pra j ap ati ▁Mah a - Y aj na ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁S ik ar ▁from ▁ 2 0 – 2 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁Kun war ▁H uk am ▁Singh ▁Ra he es ▁Ang ai ▁( Math ura ) ▁was ▁made ▁Y aj nap ati ▁or ▁Chair man ▁of |
▁the ▁Y aj na . ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Kal ur am ▁of ▁village ▁K ud an ▁was ▁the ▁Y aj nam an . ▁Ach ary a ▁Sh ri ▁Jag dev ▁Sid han th i ▁received ▁an ▁inv itation ▁for ▁this ▁Y aj na ▁at ▁his ▁G ur uk ul ▁at ▁Kir tt al , ▁In ▁that ▁inv itation ▁was ▁he ▁requested ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Y aj na ▁and ▁bring ▁twenty ▁B hr am char is ▁and ▁dis ci ples ▁with ▁him . ▁Vol unte ers ▁went ▁to ▁all ▁the ▁households ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁and ▁collected ▁material ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁needed . ▁They ▁collected ▁G he e , ▁Fl our , ▁G ur , ▁and ▁invited ▁all ▁the ▁household ers ▁to ▁particip ate . ▁H undred s ▁of ▁can s ▁of ▁G he e ▁and ▁hundreds ▁of ▁s acks ▁of ▁fl our ▁were ▁collected . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Y aj na ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁adopted ▁the ▁Y ogy op av it ▁( init iation ), ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁symbol ▁K isan ▁sang athan . ▁She etal ▁K um ari , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Kun war ▁Net ram ▁Singh , ▁adopted ▁y agy op av it . ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Ch im ana ▁Ram ▁of ▁Sang asi ▁brought ▁his ▁wife ▁we aring ▁sal war - kur ta . ▁The ▁unity ▁of ▁J at ▁far mers ▁in ▁this ▁Y aj na ▁had ▁ter r ified ▁the ▁Jag ird ars ▁of ▁S ik ar . ▁The ▁role |
▁played ▁by ▁Har ▁L al ▁Singh ▁and ▁Th ak ur ▁Des h raj ▁was ▁significant ▁in ▁its ▁success . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁‘ All ▁India ▁J at ▁Stud ents ▁Federation ▁Conference ’ ▁was ▁organized ▁at ▁Pil ani ; ▁the ▁coordin ator ▁of ▁it ▁was ▁Master ▁Rat an ▁Singh . ▁Sir ▁Ch hot u ▁Ram , ▁Kun war ▁Net ram ▁Singh , ▁Ch aud h ary ▁Ram ▁Singh , ▁Th ak ur ▁J hum man ▁Singh , ▁Th ak ur ▁Des h raj ▁and ▁S ard ar ▁Har ▁L al ▁Singh , ▁along ▁with ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁far mers ▁from ▁various ▁states , ▁attended ▁it . ▁This ▁conference ▁gave ▁a ▁great ▁strength ▁to ▁the ▁J at ▁youth . fin ally ▁settlement ▁was ▁done ▁after ▁independence . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁in ▁Pr inc ely ▁States ▁Report ▁The ▁main ▁agricult ural ▁cas te ▁in ▁Raj as than ▁is ▁the ▁J ats : ▁they ▁compr ise ▁the ▁largest ▁single ▁cas te ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁( 9 ▁per ▁cent ), ▁and ▁were , ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁even ▁earlier , ▁the ▁most ▁self - cons cious ▁and ▁prosper ous ▁among ▁the ▁pe asant ▁cast es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁their ▁claims ▁to ▁certain ▁privileges ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁cl ash es ▁between ▁them ▁and ▁the ▁Raj put s , ▁who ▁resist ed ▁their ▁attempts ▁to ▁rev ise ▁accepted ▁signs ▁of ▁status . ▁The ▁cl ash ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁is |
▁rem in is cent ▁of ▁similar ▁ones ▁in ▁other ▁areas ▁between ▁lower ▁cast es ▁on ▁the ▁rise ▁and ▁higher ▁established ▁cast es . ▁ ▁The ▁J at ▁demonstr ations ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁S ik ar , ▁the ▁largest ▁th ik ana ▁in ▁Ja ip ur ▁State , ▁and ▁involved ▁both ▁economic ▁and ▁social ▁issues . ▁The ▁J ats ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁had ▁formed ▁two ▁associations , ▁the ▁S ik ar w ati ▁J at ▁Pan ch ay at ▁and ▁the ▁J at ▁K isan ▁Sab ha , ▁and ▁had ▁received ▁some ▁help ▁and ▁encourag ement ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁Indian ▁province ▁of ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁" outs iders " ▁were ▁organiz ers ▁for ▁the ▁social ist - orient ed ▁K isan ▁Sab ha ▁which ▁attempted ▁to ▁mobil ise ▁the ▁pe asant ry ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁radical ▁press ures ▁in ▁the ▁Congress . ▁ ▁The ▁initial ▁demonstr ation ▁in ▁Kh uri ▁village ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁was ▁occasion ed ▁by ▁a ▁social ▁issue , ▁whether ▁a ▁J at ▁b ride g room ▁should ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁ride ▁to ▁his ▁b ride ' s ▁house ▁on ▁a ▁horse , ▁a ▁cer emon ial ▁act ▁as ser ting ▁higher ▁station ▁than ▁Raj put s ▁were ▁prepared ▁to ▁conced e . ▁The ▁Raj put s ▁object ed , ▁the ▁J ats ▁ins isted , ▁fighting ▁broke ▁out , ▁and ▁an ▁old ▁J at ▁was ▁killed . ▁The |
▁incident ▁led ▁to ▁further ▁cl ash es , ▁and ▁the ▁th ik ana ▁police , ▁the ▁S ik ar ▁Lanc ers , ▁under ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁S ik ar ▁police , ▁charged ▁the ▁J at ▁crow ds ▁with ▁l ath is ▁( qu arter - st aff s ), ▁inj uring ▁many . ▁This ▁incident ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁others ▁as ▁J ats ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁protest ed ▁against ▁the ▁re venue ▁collections ▁and ▁resist ed ▁and ▁attacked ▁S ik ar ▁re venue ▁officials ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁at ▁Bh air on p ura ▁and ▁at ▁K ud an ▁village ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April . ▁The ▁S ik ar ▁police ▁killed ▁four ▁J ats ▁while ▁putting ▁down ▁this ▁last ▁demonstr ation ▁and ▁arrested ▁ 1 0 4 ▁persons . ▁The ▁anti - rent ▁ag itation ▁eventually ▁involved ▁some ▁twenty - one ▁villages , ▁and ▁local ▁head men ▁were ▁as ▁active ▁as ▁any ▁out s iders . ▁A ▁school ▁where , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Ja ip ur ▁dur bar , ▁un law ful ▁do ctr ines ▁were ▁being ▁pre ached ▁by ▁a ▁J at ▁teacher ▁from ▁outside ▁the ▁state , ▁was ▁knock ed ▁down . ▁The ▁ag itation ▁had ▁some ▁effects . ▁The ▁R ao ▁R aja ▁of ▁S ik ar ▁rem itted ▁all ▁ar re ars ▁of ▁re venue ▁previous ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁and ▁promised ▁to ▁open ▁schools , ▁provide ▁lo ans ▁where ▁needed , ▁and ▁emb ark ▁on ▁a ▁permanent ▁land ▁settlement ▁that ▁would |
▁introduce ▁some ▁certain ty ▁into ▁the ▁v ag aries ▁of ▁the ▁th ik ana ' s ▁re venue ▁demand . ▁ ▁Education ▁K ud an ▁has ▁several ▁educational ▁institutions . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁G ov t . ▁High er ▁Second ary ▁School , ▁Sh a he ed ▁Major ▁Sur endra ▁B ads ara ▁A ad ar sh ▁Raj ki ya ▁U ch ch ▁Mad hy am ik ▁Vid yal aya ▁( named ▁after ▁the ▁proud ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁who ▁laid ▁down ▁his ▁life ▁for ▁the ▁nation ▁Sa he ed ▁Maj ▁Sur endra ▁B ads ara , ▁S ena ▁Medal ) ▁ ▁where ▁Science ( Math emat ics ), ▁Arts ▁and ▁Com merce ▁subjects ▁are ▁available ▁at ▁ 1 1 th ▁and ▁ 1 2 th ▁standards . ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁centre ▁of ▁high ▁school ▁education ▁for ▁dec ades ▁for ▁the ▁nearby ▁villages . ▁Also , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁G ov t . ▁Second ary ▁Girls ▁School ▁and ▁a ▁very ▁old ▁G ov t . ▁Primary ▁School ▁( which ▁has ▁been ▁upgrad ed ▁into ▁an ▁Upper ▁Primary ▁School ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁ago ). ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁Private ▁School s ▁also ▁which ▁provide ▁education ▁in ▁both ▁H indi ▁and ▁English ▁medium s . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁college ▁exclus ively ▁for ▁girls , ▁the ▁village ▁has ▁three ▁Te acher ▁Training ▁Colleg es ( B . Ed ▁colleg es ▁as ▁there ▁are ▁popular ly ▁called ) ▁All ▁the ▁schools ▁in |
▁the ▁village ▁are ▁affili ated ▁to ▁Board ▁of ▁Second ary ▁Education , ▁Raj as than . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁educated ▁villages ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district , ▁a ▁significant ▁credit ▁for ▁this ▁may ▁be ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁village ▁el ders ▁who ▁ow ing ▁to ▁their ▁for es ight ed ness ▁recogn ised ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁education ▁and ▁the ▁impact ▁that ▁it ▁could ▁bring ▁to ▁the ▁so cio - e conom ic ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁K ud an ▁is ▁also ▁first ▁among ▁equals ▁for ▁serving ▁the ▁nation . ▁Sa he ed ▁Maj ▁Sur endra ▁B ads ara , ▁SM ( S ena ▁Medal ) ▁and ▁Sh a he ed ▁Sub has ▁S unda ▁belong ▁to ▁this ▁same ▁village ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁people ▁in ▁uniform ▁who ▁are ▁serving ▁the ▁Nation ▁in ▁Indian ▁Army , ▁Indian ▁Navy , ▁Indian ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Par amil it ary ▁forces ▁of ▁India ▁and ▁Police ▁Service ▁on ▁various ▁ranks , ▁positions ▁and ▁design ations . ▁A ▁notable ▁credit ▁for ▁same ▁goes ▁to ▁el ders ▁for ▁spread ing ▁aw aren ess ▁among ▁youth ▁and ▁motiv ating ▁them ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁services . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁S ik ar ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Viv ian ▁S aki yy ah ▁Green ▁( born ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁R & B ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁pian ist . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Green ▁was ▁born ▁May ▁ 2 2 , |
▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁Oak ▁Lane ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁Philadelphia , ▁and ▁took ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁singing , ▁playing ▁the ▁piano , ▁and ▁song writing ▁at ▁a ▁very ▁young ▁age . ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁th ir teen , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁female ▁qu int et ▁called ▁You ni que . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁Park way ▁North west ▁High ▁School ▁for ▁Peace ▁and ▁Social ▁Justice . ▁ ▁Green ▁has ▁credit ▁for ▁writing ▁" D ear ▁God " ▁by ▁Bo yz ▁II ▁Men , ▁from ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁album ▁E volution . ▁Green ▁received ▁her ▁big ▁break ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁nin ete en ▁when ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁backup ▁singer ▁for ▁J ill ▁Scott , ▁who ▁took ▁her ▁on ▁an ▁international ▁tour . ▁She ▁signed ▁to ▁Columbia ▁Records ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Career ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 3 : ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Green ▁released ▁her ▁debut ▁album , ▁A ▁Love ▁Story , ▁which ▁featured ▁the ▁number - one ▁single ▁" Em ot ional ▁Rol ler co aster ". ▁In ▁the ▁meant ime , ▁Green ▁made ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁Cole ▁Por ter ▁bi op ic ▁De - L ov ely ▁singing ▁a ▁cover ▁version ▁of ▁Por ter ' s ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁song ▁" L ove ▁for ▁S ale ", ▁which ▁made ▁the ▁film ' s ▁sound |
track ▁album . ▁She ▁also ▁played ▁Br enda ▁H ollow ay ▁in ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁of ▁N BC ' s ▁drama ▁series ▁American ▁Dream s , ▁entitled ▁" The ▁Car pet bag gers " ▁( origin ally ▁a ired ▁on ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ), ▁performing ▁a ▁rend ition ▁of ▁H ollow ay ' s ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁hit ▁" Every ▁Little ▁Bit ▁Hur ts ". ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 – 2 0 0 6 : ▁Viv ian ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁on ▁Cy nd i ▁Lau per ' s ▁The ▁Body ▁Ac oust ic ▁album ▁on ▁the ▁tracks ▁" I ' ll ▁Be ▁Your ▁River " ▁and ▁" S ister s ▁of ▁A val on ". ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁three ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁her ▁debut ▁album , ▁Green ▁released ▁her ▁second ▁studio ▁album ▁Viv ian . ▁It ▁featured ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁" G otta ▁Go ▁G otta ▁Le ave ▁( T ired )", ▁which ▁pe aked ▁at ▁No . ▁ 2 4 ▁on ▁the ▁R & B ▁chart ▁and ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁dance ▁charts ▁The ▁song ▁also ▁chart ed ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Hot ▁Ad ult ▁Air play . ▁The ▁track ▁known ▁as ▁" I ▁Like ▁It ▁( But ▁I ▁Don ' t ▁Need ▁It )" ▁followed ▁up ▁as ▁the ▁album ' s ▁second ▁single . ▁The ▁song ▁followed ▁up |
▁the ▁previous ▁single ' s ▁success ▁by ▁also ▁reaching ▁# 1 ▁on ▁the ▁dance ▁charts . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 1 : ▁Beautiful ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Green ▁appeared ▁on ▁G uru ' s ▁album ▁Jazz m ata zz , ▁Vol . ▁ 4 : ▁The ▁H ip - H op ▁Jazz ▁M essen ger : ▁Back ▁to ▁the ▁Future ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁" F ine ▁and ▁Free ". ▁While ▁performing ▁at ▁a ▁gig ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁her ▁second ▁album , ▁Green ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁currently ▁recording ▁her ▁third ▁full - length ▁album ▁on ▁Koch ▁Records . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁she ▁signed ▁a ▁ 3 - album ▁deal ▁with ▁E 1 ▁Music ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁album ▁under ▁the ▁deal ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁in ▁Summer ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Her ▁third ▁album ▁titled ▁Beautiful ▁was ▁released ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁songs ▁explore ▁the ▁ins ▁and ▁out s ▁of ▁love ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁pers pect ives , ▁from ▁the ▁youth ful ▁rom antic ism ▁of ▁" Some where " ▁to ▁the ▁play ful ▁insight ▁of ▁" So ▁Good " ▁and ▁" B etter ▁Man " ▁to ▁the ▁hard - won ▁intensity ▁of ▁" Master pie ce " ▁and ▁" Be aut iful ." ▁ ▁In ▁contrast ▁to ▁her ▁first ▁two ▁albums , ▁which ▁were ▁recorded ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁stud ios ▁with ▁multiple ▁produ cers , ▁Viv ian ▁approached |
▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁Beautiful ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁int imate , ▁organ ic ▁manner . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁" Save ▁Me ," ▁which ▁she ▁cut ▁with ▁Jason ▁Far mer ▁( Key sh ia ▁Cole , ▁Wy cle f ▁Jean , ▁R ih anna ) ▁in ▁the ▁producer ' s ▁seat , ▁Viv ian ▁recorded ▁the ▁entire ▁album ▁with ▁Gram my - n omin ated ▁producer ▁Anthony ▁Bell , ▁a ▁long time ▁friend ▁and ▁collabor ator ▁who ▁made ▁key ▁production ▁contributions ▁to ▁her ▁first ▁two ▁albums , ▁and ▁whose ▁extensive ▁res ume ▁also ▁includes ▁work ▁with ▁J az mine ▁S ull ivan , ▁Jew el , ▁Mus i q , ▁Ra he em ▁De V aug hn ▁and ▁J ill ▁Scott . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁she ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Pho e ▁Notes ▁for ▁a ▁winter ▁single ▁titled ▁" Miss ing ▁You ". ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁digit ally ▁on ▁December ▁ 9 . ▁Pho e ▁Notes ▁and ▁Green ▁shot ▁a ▁video ▁for ▁the ▁track ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 . ▁Additionally , ▁she ▁recorded ▁the ▁track ▁" Ke ep ▁On ▁Go ing " ▁for ▁the ▁Good ▁Times ▁– ▁London ▁and ▁" Let ▁It ▁Burn " ▁for ▁the ▁Bird s ▁E ye ▁R idd im ▁comp il ations . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 3 : ▁The ▁Green ▁Room ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁her ▁single , ▁" Oh ▁Fre edom " ▁for ▁the ▁Sound track ▁for ▁a ▁Revolution ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁January |
▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁she ▁did ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁collabor ations ▁which ▁included ▁" L ove " ▁( w / Z ion ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Leg acy , ▁" La ▁La ▁Me ans ▁I ▁Love ▁You " ▁( w / Bob ▁Bald win ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁B etch a ▁By ▁G olly ▁W ow : ▁The ▁Songs ▁Of ▁Thom ▁Bell , ▁and ▁" St ill ▁Here " ▁( w / B rian ▁C ul bert son ) ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Dream s . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Green ▁released ▁" Any thing ▁Out ▁There " ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁from ▁her ▁fourth ▁album ▁The ▁Green ▁Room . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁she ▁under to ok ▁a ▁few ▁festiv als ▁and ▁concert s ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁TV ▁appearances ▁on ▁B ET ▁and ▁Cent ric ' s ▁music ▁series . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 6 : ▁ ▁V ivid ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁artist ▁signed ▁to ▁ra pper / produ cer ▁K w am é ' s ▁record ▁label , ▁Make ▁No ise ▁Record ings . ▁V ivid , ▁her ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁was ▁distributed ▁via ▁Caroline ▁Records . ▁On ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁released |
▁from ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁" Get ▁Right ▁Back ▁to ▁My ▁Baby ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁" Get ▁Right ▁Back To ▁My ▁Baby " ▁went ▁to ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁on ▁Billboard ' s ▁U AC ▁chart . ▁Viv ian ▁was ▁also ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Award ▁. ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Viv ian ▁released ▁" G rown ▁Fol ks ▁Music ( Work " ▁which ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 5 ▁on ▁Billboard ' s ▁U AC ▁chart . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 – present : ▁V G VI ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Viv ian ▁Re leased ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁off ▁her ▁sixth ▁album ▁V G VI , ▁" I ▁Don ' t ▁Know ." ▁The ▁song ▁became ▁a ▁top - 1 0 ▁hit ▁on ▁Billboard ' s ▁Ad ult ▁R & B ▁chart . ▁V G VI ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Between ▁her ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁albums , ▁she ▁took ▁a ▁three - year ▁hi atus . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁she ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁her ▁son ▁Jordan . ▁Viv ian ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁full - time ▁advoc ate ▁for ▁special ▁needs ▁children , ▁public ly ▁speaking ▁about ▁her ▁experiences . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁ ▁Studio ▁albums ▁ ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Viv ian ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Beautiful ▁( 2 |
0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Green ▁Room ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁V ivid ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁V G VI ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Award ▁history ▁ ▁B ET ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁R & B ▁Fem ale ▁Art ist ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁Solo ▁R & B / S oul ▁Single ▁" Em ot ional ▁Rol ler co aster " ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁Solo ▁R & B / S oul ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁A ▁Love ▁Story ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Best ▁Solo ▁R & B / S oul ▁or ▁Rap ▁New ▁Art ist : ▁Viv ian ▁Green ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ ▁Soul ▁Train ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁Cent ric ▁Cert ified ▁Award ▁( n omin ated ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁female ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : American ▁female ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁pian ists ▁Category : American ▁women ▁pian ists ▁Category : American ▁rh ythm ▁and ▁bl ues ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : American ▁soul ▁sing ers ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Records ▁artists |
▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ne o ▁soul ▁sing ers ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Philadelphia ▁Category : R h ythm ▁and ▁bl ues ▁pian ists ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : S ong writ ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : American ▁contemporary ▁R & B ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁sing ers ▁Category : B all ad ▁mus icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁pian ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Cross ab eg ▁or ▁C ros ab eg ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁County ▁W ex ford , ▁Ireland , ▁just ▁north ▁of ▁W ex ford ▁town . ▁It ▁contains ▁The ▁For ge ▁Story t elling ▁House , ▁F ole y ' s ▁Pub , ▁St ▁Patrick , ▁St ▁Brig id ▁and ▁St ▁Kill ian ' s ▁ ▁Catholic ▁church ▁with ▁ad jo ining ▁c emetery ▁and ▁a ▁primary ▁school . ▁ ▁Sport ▁Est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁ ▁Cross ab eg ▁A . F . C . ▁have ▁ 2 ▁ ▁Senior ▁teams ▁and ▁their ▁facilities ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁New castle . ▁The ▁facilities ▁include ▁ 2 ▁full ▁size ▁junior ▁playing ▁surfaces , ▁ 1 ▁under ▁ 1 0 ▁pitch , ▁a ▁grass ▁training ▁pitch ▁and ▁an ▁all ▁weather ▁surface ▁training ▁pitch . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁Among ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Cross ab eg ▁are ▁Fer |
ry c arr ig ▁Castle ▁and ▁the ▁four - star ▁Fer ry c arr ig ▁Hotel ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁setting ▁over looking ▁the ▁River ▁S lan ey . ▁ ▁Cross ab eg ▁also ▁contains ▁Fer ry c arr ig ▁Park , ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁Ireland ▁First ▁Division ▁team ▁W ex ford ▁FC , ▁and ▁Women ' s ▁National ▁League ▁team ▁W ex ford ▁Youth s ▁W FC . ▁ ▁Public ▁transport ▁Bus ▁É ire ann ▁route ▁ 3 8 0 ▁serves ▁the ▁village ▁on ▁Frid ays ▁providing ▁a ▁link ▁to ▁W ex ford ▁via ▁Castle bridge . ▁The ▁nearest ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁W ex ford ▁railway ▁station ▁approximately ▁ 9 ▁kilometres ▁distant . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁Ireland ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁County ▁W ex ford <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁first ▁se eds ▁Es na ▁Bo yd ▁and ▁M ery l ▁O ' H ara ▁Wood ▁defeated ▁second - se eded ▁D aph ne ▁Ak h urst ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁C ox ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 8 , ▁ 8 – 6 ▁in ▁the ▁final , ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles ▁tennis ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Austral as ian ▁Championships . ▁ ▁Se eds ▁▁▁ ▁Es na ▁Bo yd ▁/ ▁ ▁M ery l ▁O ' H ara ▁Wood ▁( Ch amp ions ) ▁▁ ▁D aph ne ▁Ak h urst ▁/ ▁ ▁Mar |
jor ie ▁C ox ▁( Final ) ▁▁ ▁Syl via ▁Har per ▁/ ▁ ▁Minn ie ▁Richard son ▁( Sem if inals ) ▁▁ ▁Kath le en ▁Le ▁Mess ur ier ▁/ ▁ ▁Dor othy ▁West on ▁( Sem if inals ) ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁Most ▁likely ▁Flora ▁R owe , ▁mother ▁of ▁Ernest ▁R owe . ▁ ▁Most ▁likely . ▁O ften ▁sp elled ▁Miss ▁C . ▁Fin l ays on , ▁even ▁in ▁sources ▁that ▁mentioned ▁her ▁as ▁Miss ▁M . ▁Fin l ays on ▁in ▁other ▁articles . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Source ▁for ▁seed ings ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁tennis ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁Australian ▁tennis ▁Australian ▁Championships ▁- ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁in ▁Australian ▁women ' s ▁sport <0x0A> </s> ▁She y bl uy - e ▁O ly a ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁She y bl ū y - e ▁‘ O ly ā ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁She b ī l ū - ye ▁‘ O ly ā ▁and ▁She y bl ū - ye ▁B ā l ā ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ge j lar at - e ▁Sh ar qi ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Ar as ▁District , ▁P old as ht ▁County , ▁West ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 7 6 , ▁in ▁ |
6 4 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁P old as ht ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁East ▁P enn ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁East ▁P enn ▁Township , ▁Car bon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁East ▁Pen ns bor o ▁Township , ▁C umber land ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁Eastern ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁D yl an ▁Richard ▁Light b ourn ▁( born ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Bah am ian ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁the ▁George ▁Washington ▁Col onial s ▁and ▁the ▁Bah am as ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Light b ourn ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁international ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Bah am as ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁playing ▁all ▁nin ety ▁minutes ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 1 ▁home ▁draw ▁with ▁An gu illa . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁George ▁Washington ▁University ▁Athletics ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B ah am ian ▁football ers ▁Category : B ah am as ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Ge orge ▁Washington ▁Col onial s ▁men ' s ▁s occer ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁" Be au ▁soir " ▁( F rench ▁for ▁" Be aut iful ▁Even ing ") ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁art ▁song ▁written ▁by ▁Claude ▁Deb uss y . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁setting ▁of ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Paul ▁Bour get . ▁ ▁L yr |
ics ▁Lors que ▁au ▁sole il ▁c ouch ant ▁les ▁r ivi ères ▁sont ▁ros es ▁Et ▁qu ' un ▁ti ède ▁fr isson ▁court ▁sur ▁les ▁cham ps ▁de ▁bl é , ▁Un ▁conseil ▁d ' être ▁he ure ux ▁sem ble ▁sort ir ▁des ▁ch oses ▁Et ▁mon ter ▁vers ▁le ▁co eur ▁trou bl é . ▁ ▁Un ▁conseil ▁de ▁go û ter ▁le ▁char me ▁d ' être ▁au ▁monde ▁Cependant ▁qu ' on ▁est ▁jeune ▁et ▁que ▁le ▁soir ▁est ▁be au , ▁Car ▁nous ▁nous ▁en ▁all ons , ▁comme ▁s ' en ▁va ▁cette ▁onde : ▁Elle ▁à ▁la ▁mer , ▁nous ▁au ▁tom be au . ▁ ▁Liter al ▁translation ▁ ▁Where ▁the ▁riv u lets ▁are ▁ros y ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun , ▁And ▁a ▁m ild ▁trem or ▁runs ▁over ▁the ▁whe at ▁fields , ▁An ▁ex h ort ation ▁to ▁be ▁happy ▁seems ▁to ▁em an ate ▁from ▁things ▁And ▁r ises ▁towards ▁the ▁trouble d ▁heart . ▁ ▁An ▁ex h ort ation ▁to ▁enjoy ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁being ▁alive ▁While ▁one ▁is ▁young ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁we ▁are ▁going ▁on , ▁as ▁this ▁stream ▁goes ▁on : ▁The ▁stream ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Less ▁literal ▁and ▁more ▁col lo qu ial ▁translation ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁rivers ▁are ▁ros y ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁And ▁a ▁warm ▁sh iver ▁runs ▁over ▁the ▁whe at ▁fields , ▁Ad vice ▁to ▁be ▁happy |
▁seems ▁to ▁rise ▁up ▁from ▁things ▁And ▁clim b ▁toward ▁the ▁trouble d ▁heart . ▁ ▁Ad vice ▁to ▁taste ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁being ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁While ▁one ▁is ▁young ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁we ▁are ▁going ▁away , ▁as ▁this ▁stream ▁goes ▁away : ▁The ▁stream ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Po etic ▁translation ▁ ▁When ▁streams ▁turn ▁p ink ▁in ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁And ▁a ▁slight ▁sh ud der ▁r ush es ▁through ▁the ▁whe at ▁fields , ▁A ▁ple a ▁for ▁happiness ▁seems ▁to ▁rise ▁out ▁of ▁all ▁things ▁And ▁it ▁clim bs ▁up ▁towards ▁the ▁trouble d ▁heart . ▁ ▁A ▁ple a ▁to ▁rel ish ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁life ▁While ▁there ▁is ▁youth ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁fair , ▁For ▁we ▁pass ▁away , ▁as ▁the ▁wave ▁passes : ▁The ▁wave ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Comm only ▁used ▁by ▁cho irs ▁ ▁When ▁' ne ath ▁the ▁setting ▁sun ▁g low s ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁evening ▁And ▁the ▁warm ▁summer ▁wind ▁blow s ▁out ▁across ▁the ▁fields , ▁And ▁it ▁calls ▁us ▁and ▁tells ▁us ▁to ▁be ▁happy ▁And ▁it ▁clim bs ▁up ▁towards ▁the ▁trouble d ▁heart . ▁ ▁A ▁ple a ▁to ▁rel ish ▁the ▁charm ▁of ▁life ▁While ▁there ▁is ▁youth ▁and ▁the ▁evening ▁is ▁fair , ▁For ▁we ▁shall ▁go ▁away , ▁like ▁water ▁that ▁is ▁flow ing : ▁In to ▁the ▁sea , ▁we ▁to ▁the ▁tomb . |
▁ ▁Sim pl ified ▁translation ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁sun ▁sets ▁rivers ▁run ▁red ▁A ▁lu ke w arm ▁qui ver ▁through ▁fields ▁of ▁whe at , ▁' Be ▁happy ' ▁seems ▁to ▁sort ▁things ▁out ▁Com es ▁close ▁to ▁a ▁trouble d ▁heart . ▁ ▁' T aste ▁the ▁joy ' ▁of ▁being ▁alive ▁While ▁we ▁are ▁young ▁the ▁evening ▁still ▁beautiful , ▁For ▁on ▁we ▁go , ▁as ▁goes ▁this ▁wave : ▁She ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁us ▁to ▁the ▁grave . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁" Be au ▁soir " ▁(" Be aut iful ▁Even ing ") ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Paul ▁Bour get . ▁The ▁poem ▁pain ts ▁the ▁picture ▁of ▁a ▁beautiful ▁evening ▁where ▁the ▁rivers ▁are ▁turned ▁rose - color ed ▁by ▁the ▁sun set ▁and ▁the ▁whe at ▁fields ▁are ▁moved ▁by ▁a ▁warm ▁b ree ze . ▁Deb uss y ▁uses ▁a ▁g ently ▁flow ing ▁triple t ▁rh ythm ▁in ▁the ▁accompan iment , ▁which ▁contrast s ▁the ▁du ple ts ▁that ▁drive ▁the ▁light ▁mel ody . ▁The ▁piano ▁and ▁voice ▁partner ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁sens ation ▁of ▁peace ▁that ▁one ▁might ▁feel ▁in ▁the ▁evening ▁in ▁nature , ▁fitting ▁the ▁post - R om antic ▁style . ▁As ▁any ▁evening ▁f ades , ▁however , ▁so ▁does ▁the ▁m ood ▁of ▁the ▁piece , ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁mod ul ates ▁from ▁E ▁major ▁to ▁F - sharp ▁minor . ▁The ▁piece ▁reaches ▁its ▁clim ax ▁when ▁the ▁mel ody ▁reaches ▁a ▁high |
▁F - sharp , ▁pa ired ▁with ▁the ▁word ▁" be au ". ▁The ▁combination ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁and ▁mel ody ▁power fully ▁dep ict s ▁the ▁beauty ▁of ▁the ▁sun . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁long ▁thought ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁Deb uss y ' s ▁first ▁composition , ▁written ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 5 ▁or ▁ 1 6 ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁or ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁to ▁impress ▁a ▁girl ▁he ▁liked , ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁shown ▁that ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁actually ▁written ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁around ▁ 2 8 ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁or ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁and ▁already ▁an ▁accomplished ▁composer , ▁though ▁he ▁had ▁yet ▁to ▁write ▁his ▁major ▁break - through ▁compos itions . ▁ ▁Record ings ▁ ▁" Be au ▁soir " ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁many ▁sing ers , ▁including ▁Bar bra ▁Stre is and ▁( on ▁her ▁album ▁Class ical ▁Bar bra ), ▁Mag gie ▁T ey te , ▁V ér on ique ▁G ens , ▁Giuseppe ▁De ▁Lu ca , ▁Diet rich ▁Fischer - D ies k au , ▁Ren ée ▁F lem ing , ▁Jess ye ▁Norman ▁( last ▁track ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁An ▁Even ing ▁With ▁Jess ye ▁Norman ), ▁and ▁D iana ▁Dam ra u . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁successfully ▁arranged ▁for ▁various ▁instruments , ▁including ▁for ▁viol in ▁and ▁or chestra ▁by ▁Jas cha ▁He if etz ▁and ▁c ello ▁and ▁piano ▁by ▁Julian ▁Lloyd ▁Web ber . |
▁ ▁Use ▁in ▁other ▁media ▁ ▁The ▁piece ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁back drop ▁near ▁the ▁very ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁film ▁The ▁Jazz ▁S inger , ▁which ▁is ▁generally ▁cred ited ▁as ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁" t alk ie " ▁motion ▁picture . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁film ▁All ▁About ▁E ve . ▁ ▁An ▁arrangement ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁or chestra ▁and ▁voice ▁by ▁Larry ▁May field ▁was ▁the ▁theme ▁song ▁of ▁religious ▁DJ ▁Bill ▁Pear ce ' s ▁N ights ounds ▁broadcast ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁An ▁arrangement ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁solo ▁piano ▁by ▁Ko ji ▁Att wood ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁pian ists ▁Michael ▁Lew in ▁and ▁Ernest ▁So . ▁ ▁The ▁piece ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁performance ▁with ▁Gustav ▁K lim t - like ▁decor ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁episode ▁" The ▁Master ▁Black mail er " ▁from ▁the ▁TV - series ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁She et ▁music ▁for ▁" Be au ▁soir " ▁ ▁Category : Com pos itions ▁by ▁Claude ▁Deb uss y ▁Category : F rench ▁songs <0x0A> </s> ▁Case y ▁Hill ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁He ▁last ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁C li ppers ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁Association , ▁h ired ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 |
1 7 . ▁ ▁Hill ▁previously ▁served ▁four ▁years ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors ▁of ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁Case y ▁Hill ▁played ▁for ▁Tr inity ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio ▁ ▁during ▁Hill ' s ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁Tr inity ▁player ▁( from ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ) ▁the ▁Tig ers ▁advanced ▁three ▁times ▁to ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁III ▁Play offs . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 ▁team ▁ended ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Div . III ▁El ite ▁E ight . ▁Tr inity ▁also ▁captured ▁two ▁Southern ▁Colleg iate ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁Championships ▁with ▁Hill ▁as ▁a ▁player . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁season ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁basketball ▁coach ▁to ▁his ▁father ▁– ▁long time ▁NBA ▁coach ▁Bob ▁Hill ▁– ▁for ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Apache . ▁The ▁Tokyo ▁Apache ▁were ▁a ▁basketball ▁team ▁which ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁top - level ▁Japanese ▁professional ▁League . ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁State ▁War riors ▁h ired ▁him ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁season ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Apache . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 ▁Case y ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁for ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁became ▁the |
▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁War riors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Hill ▁led ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁to ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League ▁Championship ▁. ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Case y ▁Hill ' s ▁father ▁is ▁Bob ▁Hill , ▁a ▁college , ▁NBA ▁and ▁international ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁ ▁Hill ▁has ▁two ▁brothers . ▁The ▁oldest , ▁Camer on , ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁head ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁CH B , ▁special izing ▁in ▁player ▁development ▁and ▁team ▁training . ▁The ▁other ▁brother , ▁Chris , ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁Jes uit ▁College ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁of ▁Dallas . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A gu a ▁Cal iente ▁C li ppers ▁coach es ▁Category : American ▁exp atri ate ▁basketball ▁people ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : American ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : Los ▁Angeles ▁C li ppers ▁assistant ▁coach es ▁Category : S anta ▁Cruz ▁War riors ▁coach es ▁Category : Tr inity ▁Tig ers ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁X t racy cle ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁company ▁and ▁the ▁name ▁commonly ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁variety ▁of ▁load - car ry ing ▁b icy cle , ▁a ▁long tail ▁or ▁a ▁long bi ke , ▁that ▁results ▁from ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁company ' s ▁products : ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁k it , ▁complete |
▁long - frame ▁b icy cles ▁and ▁associated ▁access ories . ▁Web ▁for ums ▁and ▁blog s ▁often ▁use ▁the ▁sh orth and ▁X tra bi ke , ▁X tra , ▁or ▁simply ▁X ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁either ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁extension ▁or ▁the ▁entire ▁extended ▁b icy cle . ▁An ▁X t racy cle ▁may ▁be ▁constructed ▁by ▁modifying ▁an ▁existing ▁b icy cle ▁with ▁a ▁Free ▁Rad ical ▁extension , ▁or ▁by ▁custom - building ▁an ▁extended - tail ▁b icy cle ▁frame . ▁ ▁D iffer ences ▁from ▁other ▁load - car ry ing ▁b icy cles ▁While ▁the ▁X t racy cle ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁standard ▁hard tail ▁diam ond ▁frame ▁with ▁ 2 6 - inch ▁or ▁ 6 2 2 mm ▁( 7 0 0 c ) ▁whe els , ▁the ▁X t racy cle ▁diff ers ▁from ▁other ▁load - car ry ing ▁b icy cles ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁employ ▁a ▁handle bar ▁basket , ▁p ann iers , ▁or ▁a ▁b icy cle ▁tra iler . ▁B ask ets ▁are ▁easy ▁to ▁attach ▁and ▁allow ▁st ow ing ▁of ▁cargo ▁in ▁plain ▁view . ▁P ann iers ▁are ▁often ▁wat ert ight ▁or ▁water ▁resist ant , ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁easily ▁removed ▁from ▁their ▁ra cks ▁and ▁carried ▁as ▁lug g age . ▁While ▁tra ilers ▁come ▁in ▁many ▁designs ▁and ▁allow ▁a ▁b icy cle ▁to ▁pull ▁a ▁significant ▁amount ▁of ▁cargo , ▁an ▁X t racy cle ▁allows |
▁for ▁more ▁st ow age ▁of ▁large ▁containers ▁directly ▁on ▁the ▁extended ▁frame ▁of ▁the ▁b icy cle ▁itself . ▁X t racy cles ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁" s port ▁utility ▁b icy cles " ▁for ▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁carry ▁larger ▁loads ▁than ▁a ▁normal ▁b icy cles ▁having ▁b ask ets ▁or ▁p ann iers , ▁while ▁also ▁maintain ing ▁the ▁" s port y " ▁man eu ver ability ▁of ▁conventional ▁" short " ▁b ikes . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁spin - offs ▁The ▁Free Rad ical ▁was ▁conce ived ▁by ▁Ross ▁Evans ▁at ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁and ▁developed ▁during ▁his ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s ▁man aging ▁a ▁" B ikes ▁Not ▁Bomb s " ▁project ▁in ▁Nic ar agua , ▁where ▁having ▁a ▁b icy cle ▁enh ances ▁a ▁person ' s ▁employ ment ▁opportun ities . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Evans ▁and ▁his ▁friend ▁K ip ch oge ▁Sp encer ▁created ▁X t racy cle ▁Inc ▁to ▁manufact ure ▁and ▁market ▁the ▁in vention , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁non pro fit ▁organization , ▁World bi ke , ▁devoted ▁to ▁encou rage ▁a ▁b icy cle - cent ric ▁l ifest yle ▁and ▁culture . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁qual ifies ▁as ▁an ▁after market ▁bi ke ▁access ory , ▁its ▁growing ▁accept ance ▁has ▁spark ed ▁an ▁X t racy cle ▁after market ▁not ▁formally ▁connected ▁with ▁X t racy cle ▁Inc : ▁vari eties |
▁of ▁special ized ▁kick stand s , ▁electric - ass ist ▁mot ors , ▁and ▁even ▁bi ke - mount ed ▁bl enders ▁have ▁come ▁to ▁market , ▁even ▁though ▁each ▁requires ▁the ▁prior ▁purchase ▁of ▁a ▁Free Rad ical ▁or ▁other ▁X t racy cle - compatible ▁frame ▁to ▁function ▁properly . ▁ ▁Big ▁D ummy ▁ ▁X t racy cle ▁Inc ▁has ▁worked ▁with ▁various ▁b icy cle ▁manufact ur ers ▁to ▁build ▁purpose - built ▁extended ▁b icy cles ▁compatible ▁with ▁their ▁access ories . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁to ▁actually ▁produce ▁and ▁market ▁an ▁integrated ▁X t racy cle ▁frames et ▁was ▁Sur ly ▁B ikes ▁with ▁the ▁Big ▁D ummy . ▁X In c ▁continues ▁to ▁form ▁similar ▁c oven ants ▁with ▁manufact ur ers ▁in ▁all ▁price ▁ranges , ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁making ▁the ▁X t racy cle ▁less ▁of ▁a ▁n iche ▁product ▁and ▁more ▁main stream . ▁X In c ▁is ▁also ▁working ▁on ▁Free Rad ical ▁attach ments ▁s ized ▁for ▁children ' s ▁and ▁youth s ' ▁b icy cles ▁on ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁" catch ▁' em ▁young ▁and ▁train ▁' em ▁right ." ▁ ▁Other ▁applications ▁for ▁the ▁Free Rad ical ▁have ▁included ▁linking ▁two ▁X t racy cles ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁mobile ▁stage ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁par ades ▁and ▁street ▁fair s , ▁and ▁a ▁computer ized ▁ch alk pow der - pr inter ▁device ▁mounted ▁on ▁an ▁X t racy cle ▁that ▁leaves ▁a ▁dot - matrix ▁trail ▁of |
▁messages ▁on ▁the ▁street . ▁ ▁Open ▁source ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁X t racy cle ▁put ▁their ▁long tail ▁bi ke ▁frame ▁specific ations ▁online . ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁project ▁to ▁open ▁source ▁their ▁long tail ▁frame ▁design . ▁They ’ ve ▁created ▁a ▁Long tail ▁Standard ▁and ▁logo ing ▁to ▁allow ▁vend ors ▁to ▁design ▁their ▁products ▁to ▁fit ▁in ▁the ▁X t racy cle ▁Free Rad ical ▁e cos ystem . ▁The ▁" Long tail ▁Technology " ▁logo ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁b ikes , ▁access ories ▁or ▁pack aging . ▁The ▁open ▁s our cing ▁of ▁the ▁pat ented ▁technology ▁was ▁meant ▁to ▁stim ulate ▁the ▁cargo ▁bi ke ▁movement , ▁while ▁developing ▁a ▁standard ▁for ▁" long tail " ▁frames ▁and ▁access ories . ▁Several ▁frame ▁and ▁access ory ▁mak ers ▁have ▁adopted ▁the ▁standards , ▁while ▁others ▁have ▁developed ▁compet ing ▁and ▁in compatible ▁long - frame ▁cargo ▁bi ke ▁designs . ▁However , ▁the ▁documents ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁freely ▁available , ▁and ▁now ▁require ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁X t racy cle ▁first . ▁ ▁Product s ▁ ▁Free Rad ical ▁ ▁The ▁Free Rad ical ▁is ▁an ▁ext ender ▁for ▁a ▁b icy cle . ▁ ▁Rad ish ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁Rad ish ▁was ▁launched ▁by ▁X t racy cle . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁production ▁long - tail ▁b icy cle ▁with ▁a ▁low - stand over ▁height ▁frame ▁and ▁matching ▁Free Rad ical . ▁ ▁Edge Runner |
▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁Edge Runner ▁is ▁a ▁second ▁generation ▁cargo ▁b icy cle ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 0 " ▁rear ▁wheel . ▁The ▁Edge Runner ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁the ▁" Best ▁long tail ▁ever . ▁No ▁contest ." ▁ ▁C argo J oe ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁C argo J oe ▁is ▁a ▁fol ding ▁cargo ▁bi ke ▁developed ▁in ▁a ▁partners hip ▁between ▁X t racy cle ▁and ▁T ern . ▁ ▁Side car ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁X t racy cle ▁created ▁a ▁side car ▁for ▁cargo ▁transport ▁that ▁can ▁carry ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 5 0 ▁pounds . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁B icy cle ▁L ugg age ▁car rier ▁ ▁Electric ▁b icy cle ▁Fre ight ▁b icy cle ▁ ▁Out line ▁of ▁cy cling ▁ ▁Mod ular ▁design ▁ ▁Open - hard ware ▁vehicle ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁links ▁to ▁cargo - car ry ing ▁b ikes ▁ ▁World B ike ▁non pro fit ▁organization ▁that ▁prom otes ▁b icy cle - cent ric ▁l ifest yle ▁ ▁The ▁G inger ▁Nin jas ▁band ▁led ▁by ▁K ip ch oge ▁Sp encer ▁ ▁Bi ke ▁H ug ger ▁B ett ie , ▁a ▁Sport ▁Util ity ▁Bi ke ▁project ▁using ▁the ▁X t racy cle ▁ ▁Sur ly ' s ▁page ▁describing ▁the ▁Big ▁D ummy ▁frames et ▁ ▁X t racy cle ▁Gallery — G allery ▁of ▁X t racy cle ▁pictures ▁ ▁Category |
: C ycle ▁types ▁Category : Mod ular ▁design <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁fluid ▁dynamics , ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁( Ca ) ▁is ▁a ▁dimension less ▁quantity ▁representing ▁the ▁relative ▁effect ▁of ▁vis c ous ▁drag ▁forces ▁versus ▁surface ▁t ension ▁forces ▁acting ▁across ▁an ▁interface ▁between ▁a ▁liquid ▁and ▁a ▁gas , ▁or ▁between ▁two ▁imm is cible ▁liqu ids . ▁For ▁example , ▁an ▁air ▁b ubble ▁in ▁a ▁liquid ▁flow ▁tends ▁to ▁be ▁de formed ▁by ▁the ▁fr iction ▁of ▁the ▁liquid ▁flow ▁due ▁to ▁vis cos ity ▁effects , ▁but ▁the ▁surface ▁t ension ▁forces ▁tend ▁to ▁minim ize ▁the ▁surface ▁area . ▁The ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁is ▁defined ▁as : ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁dynamic ▁vis cos ity ▁of ▁the ▁liquid , ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁characteristic ▁velocity ▁and ▁▁ ▁is ▁the ▁surface ▁t ension ▁or ▁inter fa cial ▁t ension ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁fluid ▁phases . ▁ ▁Being ▁a ▁dimension less ▁quantity , ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁number ' s ▁value ▁does ▁not ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁units . ▁In ▁the ▁pet role um ▁industry , ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁is ▁denoted ▁ ▁instead ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁For ▁low ▁cap ill ary ▁numbers ▁( a ▁rule ▁of ▁thumb ▁says ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 0 − 5 ), ▁flow ▁in ▁por ous ▁media ▁is ▁domin ated ▁by ▁cap ill ary ▁forces , ▁whereas ▁for ▁high ▁cap ill ary ▁numbers ▁the ▁cap ill ary ▁forces ▁are ▁neg lig ible ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁vis c ous ▁forces |
. ▁Flow ▁through ▁the ▁por es ▁in ▁an ▁oil ▁field ▁res er voir ▁have ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁on ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 1 0 − 6 , ▁whereas ▁flow ▁of ▁oil ▁through ▁an ▁oil ▁well ▁dr ill ▁pipe ▁has ▁a ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁on ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁cap ill ary ▁number ▁plays ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁dynamics ▁of ▁cap ill ary ▁flow ; ▁in ▁particular , ▁it ▁gover ns ▁the ▁dynamic ▁contact ▁angle ▁of ▁a ▁flow ing ▁dro ple t ▁at ▁an ▁interface . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bond ▁number ▁ ▁Reyn olds ▁number ▁ ▁Cap ill ary ▁pressure ▁ ▁Fr ou de ▁number ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Dim ension less ▁numbers ▁of ▁fluid ▁mechan ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Dest ine e ▁& ▁Paris ▁were ▁an ▁American ▁pop ▁music ▁du o ▁composed ▁of ▁singer - song writer ▁sister s ▁Dest ine e ▁and ▁Paris ▁Mon roe , ▁who ▁are ▁former ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁te en ▁pop ▁girl ▁group ▁C lique ▁Girl z . ▁They ▁formed ▁the ▁group ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁were ▁signed ▁to ▁In ters cope ▁Records . ▁Born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁E gg ▁Har bor ▁Township , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁now ▁Los ▁Angeles - based , ▁the ▁sister s ▁c ite ▁their ▁influ ences ▁as ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars , ▁Michael ▁Jackson , ▁Christ ina ▁Agu il era , ▁Bey on cé , ▁K aty ▁Perry , ▁R ih anna , ▁and ▁G wen ▁Stef ani . ▁ ▁M embers ▁ |
▁Dest ine e ▁Mon roe ▁Dest ine e ▁Ra é ▁Mon roe ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁" rock ▁girl " ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁Her ▁symbol ▁was ▁a ▁star ▁because ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁little ▁she ▁had ▁something ▁in ▁her ▁eye ▁and ▁her ▁mom ▁said ▁ ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁star . ▁Her ▁signature ▁color ▁was ▁blue . ▁She ' s ▁the ▁oldest ▁sister . ▁Dest ine e ' s ▁h obb ies ▁include ▁singing ▁and ▁playing ▁guitar , ▁viol in ▁and ▁piano . ▁ ▁Paris ▁Mon roe ▁Paris ▁Qu inn ▁Mon roe ▁( born ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁" pr in cess " ▁of ▁the ▁group , ▁and ▁her ▁symbol ▁was ▁a ▁crown , ▁which ▁she ▁said ▁she ▁loved ▁as ▁a ▁fashion ▁statement . ▁Her ▁signature ▁color ▁was ▁p ink . ▁She ' s ▁the ▁young est ▁sister . ▁She ▁also ▁plays ▁the ▁piano . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Dest ine e ▁& ▁Paris ▁were ▁the ▁backing ▁vocal ists ▁for ▁Season ▁ 1 0 ▁of ▁American ▁Id ol ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁Disney ▁Channel ' s ▁So ▁Random ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁They ▁were ▁an ▁opening ▁act ▁for ▁the ▁later ▁U . S . ▁dates ▁and ▁the ▁entire ▁European ▁leg ▁of ▁Brit ney ▁Spe ars ' ▁Fem me ▁F ata le ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Dest ine e |
▁& ▁Paris ▁performed ▁on ▁American ▁Id ol - w inner ▁Scot ty ▁Mc Cre ery ' s ▁first ▁single ▁" I ▁Love ▁You ▁This ▁Big " ▁and ▁contributed ▁the ▁song ▁" I ' m ▁on ▁a ▁Roll " ▁to ▁the ▁sound track ▁of ▁Des pic able ▁Me . ▁In ters cope ▁released ▁their ▁first ▁single , ▁" True ▁Love ", ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" True ▁Love " ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁Steven ▁Ant in ▁and ▁has ▁ 1 , 7 2 4 , 6 5 2 ▁views ▁as ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁they ▁were ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁working ▁on ▁their ▁first ▁album , ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mine , ▁with ▁producer ▁Red One , ▁but ▁it ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁no ▁further ▁develop ments ▁in ▁their ▁career ▁since ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁As ▁lead ▁artist ▁ ▁Other ▁appearances ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : American ▁musical ▁du os ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Category : S ib ling ▁musical ▁du os <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Le high ▁Switch back ▁Rail - Tra il ▁is ▁a ▁rail ▁trail ▁in ▁Jim ▁Thor pe , ▁PA . ▁ ▁The ▁trail ▁surface ▁is ▁natural , ▁consisting ▁of ▁d irt , |
▁roots , ▁rocks , ▁and ▁occas ional ▁coal ▁ch unks . ▁The ▁trail ▁runs ▁down hill ▁on ▁the ▁ ▁former ▁right - of - way ▁of ▁the ▁M auch ▁Ch unk ▁Switch back ▁Railway ▁from ▁Sum mit ▁Hill ▁to ▁Jim ▁Thor pe . ▁ ▁Loc ated ▁mid way ▁on ▁the ▁trail ▁is ▁ ▁M auch ▁Ch unk ▁Lake ▁Park ▁which ▁provides ▁par king ▁for ▁h ik ing ▁& ▁b ik ing ▁up ▁and ▁down ▁the ▁trail . ▁ ▁Several ▁b icy cle ▁out fit ters ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁provide ▁bi ke ▁r ental ▁and ▁sh utt le ▁services ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁Sum mit ▁Hill ▁that ▁allows ▁rid ers ▁to ▁enjoy ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁down hill ▁ride ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Jim ▁Thor pe . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Gra vity ▁rail road ▁ ▁Official ▁Tra il ▁web ▁site ▁ ▁Po cono ▁White water ▁Local ▁bi ke ▁sh utt le ▁service ▁ ▁Blue ▁Mountain ▁Sports ▁ ▁Local ▁bi ke ▁sh utt le ▁service ▁ ▁Rails - to ▁Tra ils ▁Rails - to - Tra ils ▁page ▁for ▁the ▁Switch back ▁ ▁Category : R ail ▁tra ils ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : National ▁Rec re ation ▁Tra ils ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁of ▁Car bon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁Dick ie ▁Ray ▁N oles ▁( born ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁pitch er ▁with ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies , ▁Chicago ▁C |
ubs , ▁Texas ▁R angers , ▁Cleveland ▁Indians , ▁Detroit ▁Tig ers ▁and ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Ori oles ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁He ▁batt ed ▁and ▁threw ▁right - hand ed . ▁Today ▁N oles ▁is ▁a ▁born - ag ain ▁Christian ▁and ▁works ▁for ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies . ▁ ▁N oles ▁was ▁an ▁effective ▁relief ▁pitch er ▁for ▁the ▁Phill ies ' ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁World ▁Series ▁championship ▁team . ▁In ▁Game ▁ 4 ▁of ▁that ▁series , ▁N oles ▁came ▁on ▁in ▁relief ▁of ▁Larry ▁Christ enson ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁in ning ▁with ▁only ▁one ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁Phill ies ▁down ▁ 4 – 0 ▁to ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Roy als . ▁N oles ▁pitch ed ▁the ▁next ▁ 4 ▁inn ings ▁and ▁gave ▁up ▁another ▁run , ▁but ▁is ▁most ▁remembered ▁for ▁throwing ▁a ▁fast ball ▁under ▁George ▁Bre tt ' s ▁ch in ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁in ning ▁that ▁prompt ed ▁a ▁warning ▁by ▁the ▁u mp ires ▁to ▁both ▁teams . ▁Bre tt ▁struck ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁at - bat ▁and ▁had ▁only ▁three ▁singles ▁and ▁one ▁R BI ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁series . ▁The ▁br ush back ▁incident ▁is ▁looked ▁upon ▁as ▁the ▁turning ▁point ▁in ▁that ▁series ▁for ▁the ▁Phill ies . ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁season , ▁N oles ▁was ▁trad ed ▁along ▁with ▁Keith ▁Mor eland ▁to ▁the ▁Chicago ▁C ubs ▁for ▁pitch er ▁Mike ▁Kru kow ▁and |
▁c ash . ▁N oles ▁had ▁an ▁effective ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁st arter ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁going ▁ 1 0 – 1 3 . ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁however , ▁N oles ' ▁alco hol ▁problems ▁began ▁to ▁surface . ▁He ▁and ▁a ▁C ubs ▁team mate ▁d run ken ly ▁assault ed ▁a ▁police ▁officer ▁after ▁a ▁game ▁and ▁N oles ▁sever ely ▁injured ▁his ▁left ▁kne e . ▁N oles ▁spent ▁ 1 6 ▁days ▁in ▁j ail , ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁enter ▁alco hol ▁re h abil itation , ▁and ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁pay ▁a ▁substantial ▁amount ▁of ▁his ▁baseball ▁ear nings ▁in ▁an ▁en su ing ▁civil ▁suit . ▁ ▁N oles ▁reports ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁so ber ▁since ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁incident . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁N oles ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁four ▁players ▁in ▁history ▁to ▁be ▁" tr aded ▁for ▁himself ", ▁joining ▁Harry ▁Ch iti , ▁Brad ▁Gul den , ▁and ▁John ▁Mc Donald . ▁N oles ▁was ▁trad ed ▁from ▁the ▁C ubs ▁to ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Tig ers ▁for ▁a ▁player ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁later . ▁ 3 3 ▁days ▁later , ▁the ▁teams ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁agree ▁on ▁what ▁player ▁Chicago ▁would ▁receive , ▁and ▁so ▁N oles ▁was ▁sh ipped ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁C ubs , ▁comple ting ▁a ▁deal ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁trad ed ▁for |
▁himself . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁pitch ers ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Ph il adel phia ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Ch icago ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : Tex as ▁R angers ▁players ▁Category : C leveland ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : Det roit ▁Tig ers ▁players ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Ori oles ▁players ▁Category : A ub urn ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : P en ins ula ▁Pil ots ▁players ▁Category : Read ing ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Ok lahoma ▁City ▁ 8 9 ers ▁players ▁Category : Sc r anton / Wil kes - Bar re ▁Red ▁Bar ons ▁players ▁Category : M aine ▁Gu ides ▁players ▁Category : S part an burg ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Col umb us ▁C li ppers ▁players ▁Category : R och ester ▁Red ▁W ings ▁players ▁Category : Qu ad ▁C ities ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : P itt s field ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : I owa ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Charlotte , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Chicago <0x0A> </s> ▁Gary ▁Nick laus ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁gol fer . ▁He ▁spent ▁three ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 |
0 3 . ▁After ▁an ▁ 1 1 ▁year ▁st int ▁in ▁the ▁am ateurs , ▁Nick laus ▁returned ▁to ▁pro ▁ranks ▁on ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Champions ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁ 1 0 ▁days ▁after ▁his ▁ 5 0 th ▁birth day . ▁He ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁gol fer ▁Jack ▁Nick laus . ▁ ▁Am ateur ▁and ▁college ▁golf ▁career ▁The ▁fourth ▁of ▁Jack ▁and ▁Barbara ▁Nick laus ' s ▁five ▁children , ▁Gary ▁was ▁viewed ▁from ▁a ▁young ▁age ▁as ▁the ▁most ▁likely ▁he ir ▁to ▁his ▁father ' s ▁golf ing ▁legacy . ▁He ▁beat ▁his ▁father ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁fifteen ▁and ▁won ▁many ▁junior ▁tournament s . ▁At ▁age ▁six teen , ▁Gary ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁cover ▁of ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁bil led ▁as ▁" The ▁Next ▁Nick laus ". ▁ ▁Like ▁his ▁father , ▁the ▁younger ▁Nick laus ▁attended ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁All ▁American ▁on ▁the ▁golf ▁team . ▁▁▁ ▁Nick laus ▁returned ▁to ▁Ohio ▁State ▁to ▁finish ▁his ▁college ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁then ▁won ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Por ter ▁Cup ▁and ▁qualified ▁again ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Am ateur . ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁would ▁turn ▁professional . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁eight ▁years , ▁Nick laus ▁would ▁make ▁numerous ▁failed ▁attempts ▁to ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁ 2 6 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁events |
▁during ▁that ▁time , ▁including ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁but ▁made ▁only ▁two ▁cut s . ▁Nick laus ▁spent ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁time ▁playing ▁over se as , ▁including ▁the ▁European ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁and ▁on ▁mini - t ours . ▁Finally , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Nick laus ▁made ▁it ▁through ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁Tournament ▁on ▁his ▁e ighth ▁try . ▁A ▁few ▁weeks ▁later , ▁Nick laus ▁te amed ▁with ▁his ▁father ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Father / S on ▁Challenge , ▁a ▁ 3 6 - hole ▁tournament ▁played ▁in ▁a ▁sc ram ble ▁format . ▁ ▁Nick laus ▁started ▁fairly ▁slowly ▁during ▁his ▁first ▁year ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁but ▁in ▁April ▁he ▁put ▁together ▁three ▁strong ▁r ounds ▁at ▁the ▁Bell S outh ▁Classic ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia ▁and ▁found ▁himself ▁tied ▁for ▁the ▁ 5 4 - hole ▁lead ▁with ▁Phil ▁M ick el son . ▁When ▁tor r ential ▁ra ins ▁struck ▁on ▁Sunday , ▁leaving ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁course ▁un play able , ▁Tour ▁officials ▁can ce led ▁the ▁final ▁round ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁sudden - de ath ▁play off ▁to ▁determine ▁a ▁champion . ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁hole , ▁a ▁par - three , ▁M ick el son ▁hit ▁the ▁green ▁while ▁Nick laus ▁left ▁his ▁shot ▁just ▁short ▁in ▁a ▁b unker . ▁It ▁took ▁Nick laus |
▁two ▁more ▁sh ots ▁to ▁get ▁on ▁the ▁green , ▁while ▁M ick el son ▁s ank ▁his ▁bird ie ▁put t ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁tournament . ▁Despite ▁his ▁disappoint ment , ▁Nick laus ▁was ▁encourag ed , ▁saying , ▁" It ▁just ▁lets ▁me ▁know ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁good ▁things ▁coming ▁down ▁the ▁road ." ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁did ▁not ▁bring ▁much ▁success ▁for ▁Nick laus , ▁who ▁finished ▁no ▁higher ▁than ▁ 2 5 th ▁in ▁any ▁subsequent ▁tournament . ▁However , ▁the ▁money ▁he ▁earned ▁by ▁finishing ▁runner - up ▁in ▁Atlanta ▁was ▁enough ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁place ▁ 1 1 9 th ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ▁money ▁list ▁and ▁he ▁retained ▁his ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁card . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Nick laus ▁made ▁just ▁ 1 2 ▁cut s ▁in ▁ 3 4 ▁starts , ▁with ▁a ▁best ▁finish ▁of ▁ 1 5 th ▁at ▁The ▁Memorial ▁Tournament , ▁an ▁event ▁founded ▁by ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁also ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁his ▁second ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁tournament , ▁but ▁missed ▁the ▁cut . ▁He ▁placed ▁ 1 8 4 th ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ▁money ▁list ▁and ▁lost ▁his ▁playing ▁privileges . ▁ ▁For ced ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁qual ifying ▁tournament , ▁Nick laus ▁again ▁earned ▁his ▁card ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁But ▁that ▁season ▁saw ▁him ▁make ▁just ▁six ▁cut s ▁in ▁ 2 6 ▁events ▁and |
▁it ▁would ▁be ▁his ▁final ▁season ▁on ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour . ▁After ▁sp ending ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁primarily ▁on ▁the ▁Tour ' s ▁minor - le ague ▁circuit ▁( now ▁the ▁K orn ▁Fer ry ▁Tour ), ▁Nick laus ▁stopped ▁playing ▁professional ▁golf ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁family ▁business . ▁ ▁Aff ili ations ▁ ▁Nick laus ▁is ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁of ▁Cam den ▁Capital , ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁for ▁Nick laus ▁Brown ▁& ▁Co ., ▁Good s ▁& ▁Services , ▁and ▁Near sh ore ▁Technology , ▁Co - Ch air man ▁of ▁the ▁Children ' s ▁Health care ▁Char ity , ▁non - pro fit ▁organization ▁and ▁primary ▁benef ici ary ▁of ▁the ▁H onda ▁Classic , ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁government ▁appointed ▁Commission er ▁of ▁the ▁Florida ▁Fish ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Conserv ation ▁Commission . ▁ ▁Later ▁years ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Nick laus ▁was ▁re inst ated ▁as ▁an ▁amateur ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁G olf ▁Association . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁a ▁fire ▁in ▁Jup iter , ▁Florida ▁destroyed ▁a ▁home ▁that ▁was ▁being ▁built ▁for ▁Nick laus . ▁ ▁Nick laus ▁made ▁one ▁more ▁attempt ▁to ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 4 0 , ▁but ▁came ▁up ▁short . ▁He ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁amateur ▁events ▁and ▁managed ▁to ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the |
▁U . S . ▁Am ateur ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁when ▁the ▁tournament ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁being ▁held ▁at ▁Cher ry ▁Hills . ▁He ▁shot ▁ 4 - over - par ▁in ▁the ▁stroke ▁play ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁event ▁and ▁failed ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁match ▁play . ▁ ▁At ▁age ▁ 5 0 ▁he ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Champions ▁for ▁those ▁ 5 0 + , ▁who ▁had ▁previous ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁membership . ▁ ▁Results ▁in ▁major ▁champion ships ▁ ▁Note : ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Open ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁major ▁Nick laus ▁played ▁in . ▁ ▁C UT ▁= ▁missed ▁the ▁half - way ▁cut ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁School ▁gradu ates ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁P GA ▁Tour ▁Qual ifying ▁School ▁gradu ates ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : American ▁male ▁golf ers ▁Category : Oh io ▁State ▁Buck ey es ▁men ' s ▁golf ers ▁Category : P GA ▁Tour ▁golf ers ▁Category : Europe an ▁Tour ▁golf ers ▁Category : G olf ers ▁from ▁Florida ▁Category : Jack ▁Nick laus ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁West ▁Pal m ▁Beach , ▁Florida ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Jup iter , ▁Florida ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Ab u ▁Isa ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁O v ad iah , ▁I sha q ▁ibn ▁Ya ' qu b ▁al - Is |
fah ani , ▁Isaac ▁ibn ▁Jacob ▁al - Is fah ani ) ▁was ▁a ▁self - proc laimed ▁Jewish ▁proph et ▁som etime ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century ▁CE ▁in ▁Pers ia ▁and ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁revol t . ▁Pro c laimed ▁by ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁follow ers ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁Mess iah , ▁Ab u ▁Isa ▁himself ▁never ▁made ▁such ▁claims ▁or ▁infer ences . ▁He ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁al lied ▁himself ▁with ▁Sun bad h ▁after ▁the ▁assass ination ▁of ▁Ab u ▁Muslim ▁in ▁ 7 5 5 ▁CE . ▁His ▁forces ▁fought ▁C ali ph ▁al - M ans ur ' s ▁army ▁at ▁Ray y ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁defeated . ▁Ab u ▁Isa ▁fell ▁in ▁this ▁battle . ▁ ▁D ating ▁issues ▁The ▁d ating ▁of ▁Ab u ▁Isa ' s ▁career ▁has ▁been ▁disput ed ▁since ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges . ▁The ▁two ▁main ▁sources ▁for ▁information ▁of ▁him ▁are ▁Q ir q is ani , ▁a ▁Jewish ▁K ara ite ▁historian ; ▁and ▁Sh ahr ast ani , ▁who ▁wrote ▁an ▁extensive ▁guide ▁to ▁Jewish ▁sect s ▁over ▁the ▁ages . ▁Q ir q is ani ▁places ▁the ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁the ▁Um ay y ad ▁C ali ph ▁Abd ▁al - Mal ik ▁( 6 8 5 ▁- ▁ 7 0 5 ▁CE ) ▁while ▁Sh ahr ast ani ▁says ▁it ▁began ▁under ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Mar wan ▁II ▁( 7 4 4 ▁- ▁ 7 5 0 |
) ▁on ▁through ▁to ▁Al - M ans ur ▁( d . ▁ 7 7 5 ). ▁Q ir q is ani ' s ▁dates ▁place ▁Ab u ▁Isa ' s ▁u pr ising ▁during ▁Um ay y ad ▁cl ash es ▁with ▁the ▁By z ant ines ▁which ▁would ▁co inci de ▁with ▁Mess ian ic ▁stories ▁of ▁the ▁battle ▁between ▁G og ▁and ▁Mag og ▁and ▁place ▁it ▁early ▁enough ▁to ▁influence ▁K ara ism ; ▁Sh ahr ast ani ' s ▁would ▁put ▁the ▁revol t ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Um ay y ad ▁D ynast y ▁and ▁thus ▁at ▁a ▁p iv otal ▁point ▁of ▁up he aval ▁in ▁the ▁Muslim ▁world . ▁Both ▁are ▁pla us ible ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁direct ▁Is aw ite ▁documentation . ▁ ▁The ▁Turkish ▁scholar ▁Hal il ▁I bra him ▁Bul ut ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁has ▁shown ▁that ▁Sh ahr ast ani ' s ▁' A bb as id ▁date ▁is ▁more ▁likely . ▁ ▁Bel ief s ▁Ab u ▁Isa ▁believed ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁five ▁her ald s ▁from ▁God ▁announ cing ▁the ▁im min ent ▁arrival ▁of ▁the ▁mess iah . ▁Never ▁did ▁he ▁claim ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁Mess iah ▁himself , ▁but ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁follow ers ▁felt ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁return ▁after ▁his ▁death ▁and ▁bring ▁the ▁End ▁Times . ▁He ▁made ▁some ▁minor ▁alter ations ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁set ▁of ▁Rab bin ic ▁laws ▁and ▁his ▁follow ers ▁became ▁asc |
etic ▁in ▁their ▁man ners . ▁The ▁most ▁radical ▁of ▁the ▁Is aw ite ▁belief s ▁was ▁the ▁accept ance ▁of ▁both ▁Jesus ▁and ▁Muhammad ▁as ▁true ▁proph ets , ▁but ▁only ▁to ▁their ▁own ▁pe op les . ▁ ▁Other ▁alter ations ▁included : ▁B anning ▁of ▁the ▁consumption ▁of ▁wine ▁and ▁meat ▁at ▁certain ▁times ; ▁S unn ah ▁pray ers ▁to ▁ 7 ▁or ▁ 1 0 ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁source ▁( in ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁standard ▁ 3 ); ▁Aff irm ation ▁of ▁the ▁Sh amma i ▁st ance ▁on ▁divor ce ; ▁Bel ief ▁that ▁Al nab i ▁is ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁H akh ams ; ▁ ▁The ▁ban ▁on ▁meat ▁is ▁actually ▁a ▁Tal m ud ic ▁reference ▁to ▁not ▁e ating ▁meat ▁in ▁ex ile , ▁while ▁the ▁additional ▁pray ers ▁are ▁usually ▁explained ▁by ▁not ing ▁Ps alm ▁ 1 1 9 : 1 6 4 . ▁ ▁Mira cles ▁Two ▁major ▁m ira cles ▁are ▁attributed ▁to ▁Ab u ▁Isa . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁st ems ▁from ▁his ▁writ ings , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁his ▁follow ers ▁as ▁nothing ▁but ▁an ▁ill iter ate ▁tail or ▁before ▁he ▁was ▁touched ▁with ▁prop he cy . ▁He ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁thus ▁produced ▁the ▁works ▁that ▁outline ▁the ▁belief s ▁above ▁and ▁her ald ▁the ▁coming ▁of ▁the ▁Mess ian ic ▁age . ▁The ▁other ▁is ▁during ▁the ▁revol t ▁itself ▁when ▁he ▁def ended ▁his ▁follow ers ▁from ▁the ▁C ali ph |
ate ' s ▁forces ▁behind ▁a ▁line ▁drawn ▁on ▁the ▁ground ▁with ▁a ▁my rt le ▁branch , ▁at ▁which ▁point ▁he ▁rode ▁out ▁and ▁single hand edly ▁defeated ▁the ▁first ▁assault ▁by ▁the ▁Muslim s . ▁ ▁Possible ▁connection ▁to ▁Sh i ' ism ▁ ▁The ▁arrival ▁of ▁Ab u ▁Isa ▁comes ▁at ▁an ▁interesting ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁and ▁the ▁Muslim s . ▁Reg ard less ▁of ▁the ▁which ▁dates ▁are ▁true , ▁each ▁could ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁during ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁radical ▁Sh i ' a ▁movements ▁in ▁Islam . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁these ▁movements ▁being ▁Ira q ▁and ▁later ▁Pers ia , ▁it ▁should ▁come ▁as ▁no ▁surprise ▁that ▁the ▁other ▁a hl ▁al - kit ab ▁or ▁" Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁Book " ▁might ▁be ▁influenced . ▁Some ▁Jews ▁actually ▁saw ▁the ▁coming ▁of ▁the ▁Arab s ▁as ▁the ▁ap ocal yp se ▁that ▁would ▁us her ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁age , ▁but ▁there ▁are ▁distinct ive ▁influ ences ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁noted ▁in ▁this ▁movement ▁from ▁Sh i ' ism . ▁The ▁idea ▁of ▁the ▁ill iter ate ▁proph et ▁is ▁equ ated ▁with ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Muhammad ▁and ▁his ▁receiving ▁of ▁the ▁Q ur ' an ▁while ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁chain ▁of ▁proph ets ▁is ▁not ably ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Im ams ▁and ▁the ▁for ese en ▁coming ▁of ▁the ▁Mah di . ▁Sch ol ars ▁disag ree ▁to ▁what ▁degree ▁Sh i ' ism ▁affected ▁Ab u |
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