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▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP ▁in ▁Arkansas ▁Ford y ce – R icks ▁House ▁Historic ▁District ▁Hot ▁Springs , ▁Arkansas , ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP ▁in ▁Arkansas ▁ ▁Ford y ce ▁House ▁( L ittle ▁Rock , ▁Arkansas ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁N R HP ▁in ▁Arkansas <0x0A> </s> ▁M iska ▁( III ) ▁from ▁the ▁kind red ▁A ty usz ▁() ▁was ▁a ▁Hung arian ▁noble , ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁is p án ▁of ▁Vas ▁County ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 4 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁A ty usz ▁kind red ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁M iska ▁II , ▁his ▁brother ▁was ▁Judge ▁royal ▁Sol omon . ▁He ▁had ▁also ▁several ▁cous ins , ▁including ▁the ▁influential ▁l ords ▁A ty usz ▁III , ▁Lawrence ▁( s ons ▁of ▁A ty usz ▁II ) ▁and ▁Sal . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁▁ ▁M iska ▁III ▁Category : 1 3 th - century ▁Hung arian ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁S ae ed ▁Far aj p ouri , ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁in ▁San ad aj , ▁Iran . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁composer , ▁perform er ▁and ▁an ▁instructor ▁of ▁a ▁classical ▁Iran ian ▁instrument ▁called ▁Kam anche h ▁or ▁Sp ike ▁F iddle . ▁ ▁He ▁started ▁learning ▁music ▁at ▁age ▁ 9 ▁ ▁under ▁Ma estro ▁Hass an ▁Kam kar , ▁and ▁then learn ed ▁the ▁Iran ian ▁music ▁re per toire ▁( Rad if
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) ▁under ▁Ma estro ▁Moh amm ad ▁Re za ▁Lot fi ▁and ▁the ▁ensemble ▁performance ▁under ▁the ▁instruction ▁of ▁ma estro ▁H os se in ▁Al iz ade h ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁performed ▁at ▁several ▁en semb les ▁such ▁as : ▁Sh ay da , ▁A ref , ▁A ava , ▁Pa iv ar ▁and ▁D ast an . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁instruct ed ▁Kam anche h ▁at ▁Ch av osh ▁Music ▁Center , ▁Music ▁Conserv atory ▁of ▁Te hr an , ▁and ▁several ▁universities ▁and ▁art ▁inst itutes ▁inside ▁and ▁outside ▁Iran . ▁▁ ▁S ae ed ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Ma estro ▁Moh amm ad ▁Re za ▁Sh aj arian ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁three ▁decades ▁performing ▁at ▁many ▁conc erts ▁inside ▁and ▁outside ▁Iran ▁and ▁in ▁albums ▁such ▁as ▁Sh ab ▁e ▁Vas l , ▁Ah ang ▁e ▁V af a , ▁Ros v ai ▁e ▁Del , ▁D ast an , ▁A aram ▁e ▁ja an , ▁A as eman ▁e ▁E sh gh , ▁and ▁Del ▁Sh ode gan . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁has ▁several ▁solo ▁record ings ▁such ▁as : ▁ ▁Kam anche h ▁Album , ▁Seg ah ▁Hom ay oon , ▁and ▁K urd ish ▁fol kl ore ▁music . ▁In ▁K urd ish ▁music , ▁he ▁has ▁produced ▁the ▁following ▁albums ▁such ▁as : ▁A wa at , ▁Z am ane h , ▁in ▁memory ▁of ▁S . ▁Ali ▁As gh ar ▁Kur dest ani . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁genre ▁of ▁the ▁Iran ian ▁Class ical ▁music
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, ▁S ae ed ▁has ▁made ▁the ▁following ▁albums : ▁▁ ▪ ▁Q o q aye ▁E sh gh b az an ▁, ▁with ▁Iran ian ▁instrumental ist ▁and ▁vocal ist , ▁ma estro ▁Moh am ad ▁re za ▁Sh aj arian . ▁▁ ▪ ▁Sh oor ide h , ▁with ▁the ▁D ast an ▁ensemble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Ma estro ▁Paris a . ▁Sh oor ide h ▁is ▁a ▁recipient ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁annual ▁music ▁award ▁from ▁the ▁French ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁a ▁recipient ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ok ▁title ▁from ▁the ▁Le ▁Mon de ▁music ▁magazine . ▁▁ ▪ ▁D ary a ▁e ▁Bi ▁Pa ian , ▁with ▁the ▁D ast an ▁En semble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Sal ar ▁A gh ili ▁▁ ▪ ▁Kh ors hid ▁e ▁Are z oo , ▁with ▁the ▁D ast an ▁En semble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Hom ay oun ▁Sh aj arian . ▁▁ ▪ ▁Mey kh ane h ▁K ham o osh , ▁with ▁the ▁D ast an ▁En semble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Sal ar ▁A gh ili . ▁▁ ▪ ▁Ah val ▁e ▁Del , ▁with ▁Ham nav az an ▁En semble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Ms . ▁Paris a ▁▁ ▪ ▁D ami ▁Ba ▁Do ost , ▁with ▁the ▁Ham nav az an ▁En semble ▁and ▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁T ah ere h ▁Fal ah ati . ▁▁ ▪ ▁I ▁Sing ▁with ▁you , ▁with ▁the ▁D ast an ▁En semble ▁and
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▁the ▁vocal ist , ▁Jam al ▁K ord est ani . ▁ ▁S ae ed ▁has ▁written ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁books ▁for ▁students ▁who ▁specifically ▁want ▁to ▁learn ▁Kam anche h : ▁ ▁Twenty ▁P ie ces ▁for ▁Kam anche h ; ▁and ▁ ▁P ie ces ▁for ▁Kam anche h ▁ ▁Both ▁books ▁were ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Mah oor ▁Institute . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁www . sa eed far aj p ouri . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : I ran ian ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : I ran ian ▁kam anche h ▁players ▁Category : I ran ian ▁classical ▁musicians ▁Category : K urd ish ▁musicians ▁Category : People ▁from ▁San and aj ▁Category : Pers ian ▁classical ▁musicians ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Te hr an ▁faculty <0x0A> </s> ▁Nash oba ▁Regional ▁High ▁School ▁( NR HS ) ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁( grades ▁ 9 - 1 2 ) ▁that ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Nash oba ▁Regional ▁School ▁District . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Bol ton , ▁Massachusetts , ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁also ▁serves ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Lanc aster ▁and ▁St ow . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 1 9 ▁school ▁year , ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁student ▁population ▁of ▁just ▁over ▁ 1 3 0 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁high ▁school ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁originally ▁only ▁being
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▁one - story ▁high . ▁It ▁has ▁since ▁had ▁large ▁renov ations , ▁including ▁many ▁more ▁class rooms , ▁a ▁new ▁aud itor ium , ▁administrative ▁offices , ▁and ▁a ▁second ▁gym nas ium . ▁ ▁Additionally , ▁Nash oba ▁Regional ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁film ing ▁site ▁of ▁notable ▁al umn i ▁Chris ▁F lem ing , ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁setting ▁of ▁“ N orth bread ▁High ▁School ” ▁in ▁his ▁online ▁series , ▁Gay le ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁a ▁former ▁math ▁teacher ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁possess ing ▁child ▁porn ography , ▁among ▁other ▁charges , ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁resign ation ▁of ▁the ▁principal , ▁Paul ▁Di D omen ico ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁after ▁the ▁teacher ▁ple ad ▁guilty . ▁ ▁Academ ics ▁N R HS ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁Con cord ▁Area ▁Special ▁Education ▁( CASE ) ▁program ▁of ▁voc ational ▁education ▁for ▁students ▁with ▁substantial ▁special ▁needs ▁( ages ▁ 1 5 – 2 2 ). ▁The ▁school ▁also ▁offers ▁the ▁unique ▁N R HS ▁Cad et ▁E MT ▁Program , ▁which ▁trains ▁high ▁school ▁students ▁and ▁allows ▁them ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁E MT s ▁with ▁the ▁Bol ton ▁Amb ul ance ▁Squad . ▁Students ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁program ▁carry ▁p agers ▁in ▁their ▁classes , ▁and ▁are ▁given ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁gain ▁real - world ▁experience ▁in ▁Emer gency ▁Medical ▁Services . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁a ▁handful ▁of ▁programs ▁like ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Not able
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▁al umn i ▁▁▁ ▁Chris ▁F lem ing ▁- ▁comed ian ▁and ▁star ▁of ▁YouTube ▁show ▁Gay le ▁ ▁Hal ▁Gill ▁- ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁player ▁with ▁the ▁Nash ville ▁Pred ators ▁ ▁Greg ▁Hill ▁- ▁host ▁of ▁the ▁Hill man ▁morning ▁show ▁on ▁W AA F ▁ ▁Cl ive ▁We eden ▁- ▁professional ▁basketball ▁player ▁ ▁K oren ▁Z ail ck as ▁- ▁author ▁of ▁best selling ▁book ▁Sm ashed ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Wor cester ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Public ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Rand olph – She pp ard ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 ▁U . S . C . ▁§ ▁ 1 0 7 ▁et ▁seq ., ▁is ▁a ▁federal ▁law ▁which ▁mand ates ▁a ▁priority ▁to ▁blind ▁persons ▁to ▁operate ▁v ending ▁facilities ▁on ▁Federal ▁property . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Act ▁became ▁law ▁after ▁it ▁was ▁en act ed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁and ▁signed ▁by ▁President ▁Franklin ▁D . ▁Roosevelt ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁Act ' s ▁primary ▁spons or ▁was ▁Represent ative ▁Jenn ings ▁Rand olph ▁( D - W V ). ▁ ▁Senator ▁Morris ▁She pp ard ▁( D - TX ) ▁was ▁the ▁bill ' s ▁major ▁spons or ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate . ▁ ▁The ▁Act ▁was ▁am ended ▁and ▁updated ▁significantly ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁with ▁then ▁Senator ▁Jenn ings ▁Rand olph ▁pushing ▁the
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▁legislation ▁through ▁Congress ▁almost ▁single hand edly . ▁Among ▁the ▁people ▁and ▁organizations ▁working ▁to ▁am end ▁the ▁Act ▁were ▁Dur ward ▁Mc Dan iel , ▁National ▁Represent ative ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁Bl ind , ▁Ir ving ▁Sch loss , ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁Foundation ▁for ▁the ▁Bl ind , ▁and ▁John ▁Nag le , ▁with ▁the ▁National ▁Federation ▁of ▁the ▁Bl ind . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁am end ments ▁became ▁law ▁on ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁https :// www . law . c orn ell . edu / us code / text / 2 0 / ch apter - 6 A ▁ ▁With ▁his ▁Special ▁Coun sel ▁on ▁the ▁Senate ▁Labor ▁and ▁Public ▁W elfare ▁Committee , ▁Robert ▁H umph re ys , ▁E sq ., ▁Senator ▁Rand olph ▁developed ▁numerous ▁innov ations ▁in ▁the ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁program ▁by ▁expanding ▁opportunities ▁for ▁blind ▁vendors ; ▁ent it ling ▁blind ▁vendors ▁and ▁their ▁State ▁lic ensing ▁agencies ▁to ▁income ▁from ▁v ending ▁machines ▁on ▁all ▁Federal ▁property ; ▁providing ▁full ▁due ▁process ▁to ▁ag g riev ed ▁blind ▁vendors ▁which ▁enables ▁them ▁to ▁resolve ▁disput es ▁with ▁State ▁agencies ▁through ▁hear ings , ▁arbitr ations , ▁and ▁Federal ▁court ▁appe als ; ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁elected ▁commit te es ▁of ▁blind ▁vendors ▁in ▁each ▁state ▁with ▁a ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁program ▁which ▁are ▁responsible ▁for ▁representing ▁all ▁the ▁blind ▁vendors ▁in ▁a ▁state
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; ▁creating ▁a ▁priority ▁( r ather ▁than ▁the ▁mere ▁preference ▁that ▁existed ▁prior ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁for ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁blind ▁v ending ▁facilities ▁on ▁all ▁Federal ▁property . ▁▁ ▁It ▁was ▁hoped ▁and ▁expected ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁am end ments ▁became ▁law ▁that ▁the ▁blind ▁v ending ▁facility ▁program ▁could ▁double ▁in ▁size ▁within ▁five ▁years . ▁ ▁That ▁hope ▁was ▁optim istic , ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁imped iments ▁to ▁the ▁program ' s ▁progress ▁have ▁emerged ▁over ▁the ▁years . ▁Senator ▁Rand olph ▁was ▁the ▁Chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Sub commit tee ▁on ▁the ▁Hand ic apped ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁Labor ▁and ▁Public ▁W elfare ▁Committee , ▁and ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁en act ment ▁of ▁other ▁important ▁legislation ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁people ▁with ▁dis abilities , ▁including ▁the ▁Re habil itation ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁Education ▁of ▁All ▁Hand ic apped ▁Children ▁Act . ▁ ▁Operation ▁and ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁Program ▁The ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁program ▁operates ▁in ▁nearly ▁every ▁State ▁through ▁State ▁lic ensing ▁agencies ▁as ▁directed ▁in ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Federal ▁Reg ulations ▁http :// www . ec fr . gov / c gi - bin / text - idx ? c = ec fr & tpl = / ec fr b row se / Title 3 4 / 3 4 c fr 3 9 5 _ main _ 0
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2 . tpl . ▁ ▁National ▁management ▁and ▁support ▁are ▁provided ▁under ▁the ▁law ▁by ▁the ▁Re habil itation ▁Services ▁Administration ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁some ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 ▁blind ▁vendors ▁operating ▁throughout ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁managing ▁businesses ▁that ▁run ▁the ▁gam ut ▁of ▁food ▁service ▁and ▁v ending , ▁from ▁sn ack ▁bars , ▁gift ▁shops , ▁caf eter ias , ▁and ▁highway ▁rest ▁stop ▁v ending ▁operations , ▁to ▁major ▁food ▁service ▁operations ▁through ▁military ▁dining ▁contracts . ▁ ▁The ▁gross ▁national ▁revenue ▁from ▁such ▁operations ▁now ▁exceed s ▁$ 8 0 0 ▁million ▁annually . ▁ ▁( See ▁R S - 1 5 ▁Re ports ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education , ▁Re habil itation ▁Services ▁Administration . ▁ ▁For ▁more ▁information ▁on ▁this ▁important ▁national ▁program , ▁contact ▁the ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁V end ors ▁of ▁America , ▁ 9 4 0 ▁Par c ▁Hel ene ▁Dr ., ▁Mar r ero , ▁LA ▁ 7 0 0 7 2 - 2 4 2 1 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁Act ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁FA Q ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁Ag encies ▁for ▁the ▁Bl ind , ▁Inc . ▁Summary ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁federal ▁program ▁under ▁the ▁U . S . ▁De pt . ▁of ▁Education ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Bl ind ▁Mer ch ants , ▁an ▁association ▁of ▁blind ▁merch ants ▁providing ▁training , ▁advoc acy ▁and
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▁marketing ▁services ▁National ▁Federation ▁of ▁the ▁Bl ind , ▁oldest ▁consumer ▁organization ▁of ▁blind ▁people ▁providing ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁programs ▁targeted ▁to ▁the ▁blind ▁in ▁business , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁other ▁constitu encies ▁Bra ille ▁Read ers ▁are ▁Lead ers , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Congress ▁mand ated ▁the ▁mint ing ▁of ▁the ▁Louis ▁Bra ille ▁comm emor ative ▁coin . ▁Rand olph - She pp ard ▁V end ors ▁of ▁America , ▁Inc . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 6 ▁in ▁law ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁federal ▁civil ▁rights ▁legislation ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁federal ▁disability ▁legislation ▁Category : Bl ind ness <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁people ▁on ▁st amps ▁of ▁British ▁H ond uras ▁and ▁Bel ize . ▁ ▁The ▁list ▁is ▁complete ▁through ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁British ▁H ond uras ▁▁ ▁Alice ▁of ▁Ath l one ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁Giovanni ▁Bell ini ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁Al ess andro ▁B ott ic elli ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁Sir ▁W inst on ▁Churchill ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁Edward ▁VII ▁( 1 9 0 2 ) ▁The ▁Queen ▁( 1 9 5 3 ) ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁The ▁Queen ▁Mother ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁George ▁V ▁( 1 9 1 3 ) ▁George ▁VI ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁Arthur ▁Hughes ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁The ▁Duke ▁of ▁Edinburgh ▁( 1 9 7 2
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) ▁Pa olo ▁Ver ones e ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁Queen ▁Victoria ▁( 1 8 6 6 ) ▁ ▁Bel ize ▁▁ ▁The ▁Princess ▁Royal ▁( 1 9 7 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁Sir ▁W inst on ▁Churchill ▁( 1 9 7 4 ) ▁The ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁( 1 9 7 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁Charles ▁Lind ber gh ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁Pierre ▁de ▁Cou bert in ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁The ▁Princess ▁of ▁Wales ▁( 1 9 8 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁The ▁Queen ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁The ▁Queen ▁Mother ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁Raf ael ▁F on se ca ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Pope ▁John ▁Paul ▁II ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁Paul ▁P . ▁Harris ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁Samuel ▁A . ▁Hay nes ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Row land ▁Hill ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁G wend ol yn ▁Liz arr aga ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Isa iah ▁Em manuel ▁Mor ter ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Mark ▁Phillips ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁Thomas ▁Vincent ▁Ram os ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Santiago ▁R ical de ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Viv ian ▁Se ay ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁Antonio ▁So ber an is ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁John ▁Lloyd ▁Step hens ▁(
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1 9 7 6 ) ▁Prince ▁William ▁( now ▁Duke ▁of ▁Cambridge ) ▁( 1 9 8 2 ) ▁William ▁W rig ley ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁Scott ▁c atalogue ▁ ▁Bel ize ▁St amps , ▁people ▁St amps ▁Category : Phil ately ▁of ▁Bel ize <0x0A> </s> ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁is ▁a ▁musician ▁from ▁Glen be igh ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁County ▁K erry . ▁He ▁s ings ▁and ▁plays ▁Irish ▁Fol k , ▁his ▁own ▁compos itions ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Rock ▁and ▁Pop . ▁He ▁plays ▁Irish ▁F iddle , ▁Gu itar ▁und ▁Bod hr án ▁( the ▁Irish ▁frame ▁drum ). ▁On ▁stage ▁he ▁has ▁played ▁with ▁Christ y ▁Moore , ▁the ▁F ure y ▁Brothers , ▁The ▁Dublin ers , ▁Ach im ▁Re ic hel ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁He ▁has ▁recorded ▁with ▁Martin ▁R ött ger , ▁as ▁guest ▁musician ▁for ▁Chris ▁Evans ▁& ▁David ▁Hans el mann , ▁Hann es ▁W ader ▁and ▁with ▁many ▁others . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁eight ▁years ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁started ▁playing ▁the ▁viol in . ▁Five ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁guitar ▁became ▁his ▁second ▁instrument . ▁Together ▁with ▁his ▁brother ▁Terry , ▁who ▁plays ▁ban jo , ▁mand olin ▁and ▁guitar , ▁he ▁tou red ▁Ireland ▁and ▁Great ▁Britain ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁folk ▁du o ▁Mat he ws ▁Brothers , ▁and ▁they ▁also ▁had ▁some ▁appearances ▁on ▁radio ▁and ▁television . ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁years ▁they ▁played ▁at ▁fest ivals
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▁in ▁Sc and in avia , ▁Germany , ▁Belgium ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Switzerland ▁and ▁the ▁USA . ▁ ▁Record ings ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁he ▁recorded ▁the ▁album ▁A ▁Kiss ▁in ▁the ▁Morning ▁Early ▁together ▁with ▁his ▁brother ▁Terry . ▁With ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁and ▁M ick ▁Do on an ▁as ▁additional ▁musicians ▁they ▁recorded ▁the ▁album ▁Mat he ws ' ▁Wilson ▁And ▁Do on an . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁Irish ▁folk ▁band ▁Sp á il p ín , ▁he ▁reached ▁high ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁charts , ▁including ▁with ▁The ▁Maggie ▁Th atch er ▁Song , ▁which ▁was ▁banned ▁by ▁the ▁public ▁broad c aster ▁of ▁Ireland ▁RT É . ▁ ▁Music ▁tours ▁Since ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Mat he ws , ▁now ▁living ▁in ▁Hamburg , ▁Germany , ▁has ▁been ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Ralph ▁B ühr ▁from ▁Se ev et al ▁on ▁Mand olin ▁and ▁Gu itar . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁they ▁were ▁joined ▁by ▁bass ▁player ▁B j ör n ▁Be ut ler ▁from ▁Hamburg . ▁They ▁founded ▁the ▁band ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁Black stone , ▁named ▁after ▁a ▁bridge ▁over ▁the ▁river ▁Car agh ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁County ▁K erry . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁B j ör n ▁Be ut ler ▁left ▁the ▁Band ▁and ▁Andy ▁Sch midt ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁bass . ▁The ▁same ▁year ▁Ber nd ▁Has ened er ▁joined ▁the ▁tri o ▁to ▁play ▁Bod hr án ▁and ▁C aj ón . ▁Since ▁the ▁beginning ▁of
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▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Hen ning ▁W ulf ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁" L arry ▁Mat he ws ▁Black stone ▁Band ". ▁He ▁plays ▁whist les , ▁ban jo , ▁mand olin , ▁harmon ica ▁and ▁the ▁Irish ▁bag pipe , ▁the ▁" U ille ann ▁P ipes ". ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁solo ▁musician ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁is ▁tour ing ▁Europe , ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁USA ▁with ▁f iddle , ▁guitar ▁and ▁Bod hr án . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁musicians ▁accompanying ▁Ach im ▁Re ic hel ▁on ▁his ▁S olo ▁mit ▁E uch ▁( S olo ▁with ▁You ) ▁Tour ▁of ▁Germany . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁▁▁ 2 0 1 6 : ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws : ▁" F alls ▁On ▁You ", ▁CD ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 : ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws : ▁" St uck ▁here ▁inside ", ▁EP , ▁with ▁Stefan ▁We h rm ann ▁( elect ric ▁gu it ars , ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ), ▁Mon ce f ▁D ell and rea ▁( dr ums , ▁key boards ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁Black stone : ▁" S olid ▁Ground ", ▁CD , ▁with ▁: de : Mart in ▁R ött ger ▁( C aj ón ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws : ▁" E asy ▁and ▁Slow ", ▁CD , ▁with ▁R alf
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▁B ühr ▁( mand olin , ▁guitar ), ▁Tony ▁O ' F la her ty ▁( b ass , ▁keyboard ), ▁U ia iri ▁O ' F la her ty ▁( gu itar ), ▁Patrick ▁O ' Conn or ▁( dr ums ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 : ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws : ▁" To ▁F erry ▁Me ▁Over " ▁( re - issue ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁▁ 1 9 8 1 : ▁" Mat he ws ' ▁Wilson ▁And ▁Do on an ", ▁LP ▁with ▁Tony ▁Wilson ▁( gu itar , ▁mand olin , ▁bass , ▁ban jo , ▁vocals ), ▁M ick ▁Do on an ▁( U ille ann ▁P ipes , ▁Pic colo ▁and ▁Irish ▁fl ute ▁(" Wh ist le "), ▁vocals ), ▁R ola ▁Records ▁R 0 0 9 ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 / 7 8 : ▁The ▁Mat he ws ▁Brothers : ▁" A ▁kiss ▁in ▁the ▁Morning ▁Early ", ▁LP , ▁Can on ▁Records ▁Ltd ▁CNN ▁ 5 9 5 9 ▁( 1 9 7 7 ), ▁Av ada ▁Records ▁AV A ▁ 1 0 1 ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Larry ▁Mat he ws ▁official ▁home page ▁ ▁New sp aper ▁article ▁Hamb ur ger ▁Ab end bl att , ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Martin ▁R ött ger ▁about ▁the ▁Album ▁" S olid ▁Ground " ▁( g erman ) ▁ ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁County ▁K
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erry ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ir ish ▁folk ▁sing ers ▁Category : Ir ish ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : Ir ish ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : Ir ish ▁f idd lers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁viol in ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁male ▁musicians ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Y og ā c ā rab h ū mi - Ś ā stra ▁( Y B h , ▁S ansk rit ; ▁Treat ise ▁on ▁the ▁Foundation ▁for ▁Y oga ▁Pract ition ers ) ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁influential , ▁large ▁enc ycl oped ic ▁comp end ium , ▁associated ▁with ▁north ▁Indian ▁S ansk rit ic ▁Mah ā y ā na ▁Budd h ism . ▁It ▁is ▁generally ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Indian ▁Y og ā c ā ra ▁school ▁because ▁it ▁contains ▁certain ▁unique ▁Y og ā c ā ra ▁do ctr ines , ▁like ▁the ▁eight ▁consciousness es ▁and ▁the ▁ ā lay a - v ij ñ ā na . ▁According ▁to ▁Ul rich ▁Tim me ▁Kr agh , ▁" its ▁overall ▁objective ▁seems ▁to ▁be ▁to ▁present ▁a ▁co herent ▁structure ▁of ▁Budd hist ▁yoga ▁practice ▁with ▁the ▁Mah ā y ā na ▁path ▁of ▁the ▁bod his att va ▁placed ▁at ▁the ▁p inn acle ▁of ▁the ▁system ", ▁but ▁substantial ▁parts ▁also ▁deal ▁with ▁non - M ah ā y ā na ▁" main stream " ▁practices .
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▁The ▁text ▁also ▁shows ▁strong ▁aff inity ▁to ▁the ▁Ab hid har ma ▁works ▁of ▁the ▁Main stream ▁Budd hist ▁Sar v ā st iv ā da ▁school , ▁ad op ting ▁many ▁of ▁its ▁technical ▁termin ology ▁and ▁class ifications ▁of ▁phen omena ▁( dh arm as ). ▁▁ ▁While ▁it ▁likely ▁contains ▁earlier ▁materials , ▁the ▁Y B h ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁reached ▁its ▁final ▁re da ction ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁century ▁CE . ▁Trad itional ▁sources ▁name ▁either ▁the ▁Indian ▁think er ▁As a ṅ ga ▁ ▁( ca . ▁ 3 0 0 - 3 5 0 ) ▁or ▁the ▁bod his att va ▁M ait re ya ▁as ▁author , ▁but ▁most ▁modern ▁scholars ▁hold ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁composite ▁text ▁with ▁different ▁chron ological ▁text ual ▁layers ▁and ▁various ▁authors , ▁though ▁this ▁does ▁not ▁rule ▁out ▁the ▁possibility ▁that ▁As a ṅ ga ▁was ▁among ▁them . ▁ ▁The ▁Y B h ▁was ▁studied ▁and ▁trans mitted ▁in ▁East ▁Asian ▁Budd hist ▁and ▁Tibet an ▁Budd hist ▁transl ations . ▁It ▁remained ▁influential ▁in ▁these ▁traditions , ▁however , ▁because ▁of ▁massive ▁size ▁and ▁complexity , ▁it ▁was ▁eventually ▁abandoned ▁in ▁mon astic ▁sem in aries . ▁Besides ▁the ▁Chinese ▁and ▁Tibet an ▁transl ations ▁which ▁survive ▁in ▁full , ▁at ▁least ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁surv ives ▁in ▁nine ▁ext ant ▁S ansk rit ▁fragments . ▁ ▁Content ▁overview ▁The ▁complete ▁Y B h ▁compris es ▁five ▁major ▁sections , ▁which
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▁can ▁be ▁divided ▁into ▁the ▁Basic ▁Section ▁and ▁the ▁Supp lement ary ▁Section . ▁ ▁Basic ▁Section ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁section , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁( 4 9 . 9 ▁% ▁of ▁the ▁work ), ▁is ▁the ▁" main ▁stages ▁division " ▁or ▁" the ▁basic ▁section " ▁( S kt . ▁* M au ly o ▁Bh ū m aya ḥ , ▁Ch . ▁ 本 地 分 ▁B ě n ▁d ì ▁f ē n , ▁Tib . ▁Sa ' i ▁d ng os ▁g z hi ) ▁and ▁contains ▁fourteen ▁books ▁that ▁describe ▁the ▁success ive ▁sevent een ▁levels ▁( bh ū mi ), ▁which ▁cover ▁the ▁entire ▁range ▁of ▁mental ▁and ▁spiritual ▁stages ▁of ▁practice ▁in ▁Mah ay ana ▁Budd h ism . ▁However , ▁according ▁to ▁Ul rich ▁Tim me ▁Kr agh , ▁" in ▁the ▁present ▁context , ▁the ▁word ▁b h ū mi ▁appears ▁in ▁many ▁cases ▁to ▁imply ▁a ▁' found ation ' ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁a ▁field ▁of ▁knowledge ▁that ▁the ▁Y og ā c ā ra ▁ac oly te ▁ought ▁to ▁master ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁be ▁successful ▁in ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁yoga ▁practice ." ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁Basic ▁Section ▁which ▁includes ▁such ▁sem inal ▁works ▁as ▁the ▁Bod his att va - bh ū mi ▁and ▁the ▁Ś r ā v aka - bh ū mi ▁surv ives ▁in ▁S ansk rit , ▁but ▁little ▁surv ives ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁parts . ▁The ▁following ▁list ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Chinese ▁arrangement
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, ▁which ▁seems ▁to ▁be ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁order . ▁ ▁The ▁fourteen ▁books ▁of ▁this ▁section ▁are : ▁▁▁ ▁Pa ñ c av ij ñ ā nak ā y as am pr ay u kt ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁the ▁Five fold ▁Group ▁of ▁Emp irical ▁Con scious ness . ▁It ▁provides ▁an ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁sens ory ▁consciousness es , ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁five ▁points , ▁their ▁bases ▁( ā ś ray a ), ▁nature ▁( sv ab h ava ), ▁f oci ▁( al amb ana ), ▁accompanying ▁mental ▁states ▁( s ah aya ) ▁and ▁functioning ▁( kar man ). ▁ ▁Man ob h ū mi ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁C ogn ition . ▁Self ▁consciousness ▁is ▁explained ▁in ▁detail , ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁five ▁points ▁outlined ▁above . ▁It ▁also ▁explains ▁the ▁ ā lay av ij ñ ā na ▁and ▁aff lict ive ▁cogn ition ▁or ▁k li ṣ ṭ a ṃ ▁man a ḥ , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 5 1 ▁mental ▁factors ▁( ca itt as ik ā ▁d harm ā ḥ ). ▁In ▁explaining ▁kar man , ▁an ▁extensive ▁overview ▁of ▁death ▁and ▁reb irth ▁is ▁given , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁an ▁ex position ▁of ▁Budd hist ▁cosm ology ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁typ ologies ▁which ▁discuss ▁many ▁modes ▁of ▁existence . ▁The ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁discuss es ▁various ▁class ifications ▁of ▁d harm as ▁( p hen omena ), ▁including ▁physical ▁(
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r ū pas am ud ā ya ), ▁mental ▁( c itt ac ait as ik ak al ā pa ) ▁and ▁un condition ed ▁( asa ṃ sk ṛ ta ) ▁phen omena , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁their ▁casual ▁relations ▁and ▁their ▁ethical ▁classification ▁as ▁beneficial ▁( ku ś ala ) ▁or ▁not ▁( aku ś ala ) ▁or ▁ind et erm inate ▁( avy ā k ṛ ta ). ▁ ▁Sav it ark as av ic ā r ā d ib h ū mi ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Having ▁Disc ern ment ▁( v it ark a ) ▁and ▁Dis curs iveness ▁( v ic ā ra ), ▁and ▁So ▁For th . ▁- ▁Vit ark a ▁and ▁Vic ara ▁are ▁explained ▁at ▁great ▁length , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁correct ▁observation ▁( ś oman ask ā ra ) ▁and ▁incorrect ▁observation ▁( ay oni ś oman ask ā ra ). ▁The ▁three ▁real ms ▁are ▁also ▁explained ▁( the ▁desire ▁realm , ▁the ▁realm ▁of ▁subtle ▁non - s ens ual ▁cor p ore ality ▁and ▁the ▁realm ▁of ▁incor p ore ality ). ▁The ▁def ile ments ▁( sa ṃ kle ś a ) ▁are ▁also ▁explained ▁in ▁this ▁section . ▁ ▁Sam ā hit ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Med itative ▁Abs or ption . ▁Top ics ▁dealing ▁with ▁meditation ▁are ▁discussed ▁in ▁this ▁book , ▁such ▁as ▁d hy ā na , ▁different ▁types ▁of ▁liber ation ▁( v im ok ṣ a ),
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▁med itative ▁att ain ments ▁( sam ā p atti ) ▁such ▁as ▁n iro d has am ā p atti , ▁the ▁five ▁hind r ances ▁( n iv ara ṇ a ), ▁the ▁various ▁types ▁of ▁f oci ▁( ā l amb ana ) ▁or ▁' images ' ▁( nim itta ) ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁med it ator ▁concentr ates , ▁and ▁the ▁four ▁powers ▁( b ala ). ▁Different ▁kinds ▁of ▁sam ā d hi ▁are ▁outlined , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁empt iness ▁( ś ū ny at ā ), ▁wish lessness ▁( ap ra ṇ ih ita ), ▁and ▁imag eless ness ▁( ā nim itta ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁sam ā d hi ▁with ▁and ▁without ▁vit ark a - v ic ara . ▁ ▁As am ā hit ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Being ▁Without ▁Med itative ▁Abs or ption . ▁This ▁short ▁book ▁lists ▁ 1 2 ▁states ▁that ▁remain ▁dev oid ▁of ▁Med itative ▁Abs or ption , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁mind ▁that ▁is ▁engaged ▁in ▁the ▁realm ▁of ▁sens ual ▁desire ▁( k ā m ā v ac ara ). ▁ ▁Sac itt ik ā ▁Ac itt ik ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Having ▁M ent ation ▁and ▁Being ▁Without ▁M ent ation . ▁This ▁short ▁book ▁" ex am ines ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁' mind ' ▁or ▁' ment ation ' ▁( c itta ) ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁meditation ▁and ▁other ▁do ctr ines "
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▁and ▁discuss es ▁different ▁states ▁that ▁are ▁with ▁or ▁without ▁citt a , ▁such ▁as ▁n ir v ā ṇ a , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁state ▁in ▁which ▁all ▁ment ation ▁ce ases , ▁even ▁the ▁lat ent ▁consciousness ▁( ā lay av ij ñ ā na ). ▁ ▁Ś r ut am ay ī ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁What ▁is ▁Der ived ▁from ▁List ening . ▁Focus es ▁on ▁various ▁issues ▁dealing ▁with ▁learning , ▁listening ▁to , ▁and ▁memor izing ▁Budd hist ▁doctrine , ▁such ▁as ▁its ▁sub div isions ▁into ▁S ut ra , ▁Vin aya ▁and ▁Mat r ka ▁( Ab hid har ma ). ▁It ▁out lines ▁various ▁basic ▁Budd hist ▁concepts ▁in ▁different ▁sets ▁or ▁group ings . ▁It ▁also ▁out lines ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁knowledge , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁arts ▁of ▁healing ▁( c ik its ā ), ▁logical ▁reasoning ▁( het uv idy ā ), ▁and ▁lingu istic ▁knowledge ▁( ś ab d avid y ā ). ▁ ▁C int ā may ī ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁What ▁is ▁Der ived ▁from ▁Under standing . ▁Under standing ▁( c int ā ) ▁is ▁when ▁the ▁practition er , ▁based ▁on ▁his ▁studies , ▁arrives ▁at ▁a ▁certain ▁view ▁of ▁reality ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁path ▁that ▁leads ▁to ▁full ▁understanding ▁of ▁reality . ▁This ▁book ▁then ▁focuses ▁on ▁different ▁class ifications ▁of ▁the ▁characteristics ▁( l ak ṣ a ṇ a ) ▁of ▁existence , ▁such ▁as ▁specific
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▁characteristics ▁( s val ak ṣ a ṇ a ), ▁general ▁characteristics ▁( s ā m ā ny al ak ṣ a ṇ a ), ▁and ▁caus al ▁characteristics ▁( het ul ak ṣ a ṇ a ). ▁It ▁also ▁presents ▁an ▁analysis ▁of ▁" five fold ▁existence " ▁( ast it ā ), ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁the ▁Y og ac ara ▁" three ▁n atures ". ▁ ▁Bh ā van ā may ī ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁What ▁is ▁Der ived ▁from ▁Med itative ▁C ult iv ation . ▁Dis cuss es ▁cultiv ation ▁( bh ā van ā ), ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁its ▁basis , ▁conditions , ▁practice ▁of ▁yoga ▁and ▁its ▁results . ▁The ▁right ▁circumstances ▁needed ▁to ▁encounter ▁the ▁teach ings ▁and ▁practice ▁them ▁are ▁explained , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁conditions ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁insight ▁( v ipa ś yan ā ) ▁and ▁tr anqu ility ▁( ś am ath a ). ▁The ▁ten ▁types ▁of ▁rem ed ies ▁and ▁ant id otes ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁aff lict ions ▁are ▁outlined , ▁including ▁contempl ating ▁un at tract iveness ▁( a ś ub has a ṃ j n ā ), ▁imper man ence ▁( an ity a ), ▁suffering ▁( du ḥ k ha ), ▁ind ifference ▁to ▁food ▁( ā h ā re ▁pr at ik ū las a ṃ j ñ ā ) ▁and ▁contempl ating ▁death ▁( m ara ṇ asa ṃ j ñ ā ). ▁Pract
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ical ▁advice ▁is ▁also ▁given ▁on ▁topics ▁such ▁as ▁living ▁with ▁others , ▁finding ▁and ▁learning ▁from ▁a ▁teacher , ▁material ▁affairs , ▁one ' s ▁environment , ▁sleep ▁and ▁eating ▁patterns , ▁practicing ▁asc etic ism , ▁etc . ▁ ▁Ś r ā v ak ab h ū mi ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁the ▁H ear er . ▁This ▁book ▁focuses ▁on ▁practices ▁associated ▁with ▁" he ar ers " ▁or ▁" dis ciples " ▁( ś r ā v aka ). ▁Lam bert ▁Sch m ith aus en , ▁Nor itos hi ▁Ar am aki , ▁Flor in ▁De lean u ▁and ▁Alex ▁Way man ▁all ▁hold ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁layer ▁of ▁the ▁Y B h . ▁It ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁four ▁sections ▁called ▁y og as th ā nas ▁( y og ic ▁found ations ). ▁The ▁first ▁section ▁discuss es , ▁in ▁depth , ▁how ▁different ▁practition ers ▁have ▁different ▁spiritual ▁dispos itions ▁( got ra ), ▁how ▁one ▁enters ▁( av at ā ra ) ▁into ▁the ▁path ▁and ▁goes ▁forth ▁into ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁ren unci ation . ▁The ▁path ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁branches , ▁the ▁m und ane ▁( l au k ika ḥ ▁m ā r ga ḥ ) ▁and ▁su pr am und ane ▁( l ok ott ara ḥ ▁m ā r ga ḥ ) ▁which ▁are ▁explained , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 3 ▁requ is ites ▁( s amb h ā ra ) ▁needed ▁for ▁following ▁them ,
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▁including ▁eth ics ▁( ś ī la ), ▁restr aint ▁of ▁the ▁senses ▁( ind ri y asa ṃ var a ), ▁proper ▁food ▁int ake , ▁a ▁spiritual ▁friend ▁( k aly ā ṇ am it ra ) ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁The ▁second ▁section ▁discuss es ▁numerous ▁different ▁personality ▁types ▁and ▁also ▁various ▁forms ▁of ▁meditation ▁are ▁described ▁in ▁detail . ▁Certain ▁med itations ▁are ▁then ▁recommended ▁for ▁certain ▁personality ▁types . ▁The ▁thirty - seven ▁factors ▁of ▁Aw aken ing ▁and ▁the ▁four ▁stages ▁of ▁fru ition ▁are ▁also ▁explained ▁in ▁detail . ▁The ▁third ▁section ▁discuss es ▁various ▁practical ▁issues ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁teacher ▁student ▁relationship , ▁sol itary ▁retreat , ▁various ▁meditation ▁topics ▁such ▁as ▁one - point ed ness ▁of ▁mind ▁( c itta ik ā gr at ā ), ▁ś am ath a ▁and ▁v ipa ś yan ā , ▁and ▁the ▁pur ification ▁of ▁hind r ances . ▁The ▁fourth ▁section ▁discuss es ▁the ▁m und ane ▁and ▁su pr am und ane ▁paths ▁in ▁detail . ▁The ▁m und ane ▁path ▁deals ▁with ▁abandon ing ▁the ▁sens ual ▁realm ▁and ▁practicing ▁the ▁med itative ▁absor ptions ▁( d hy ā nas ), ▁which ▁lead ▁to ▁reb irth ▁in ▁high ▁real ms . ▁The ▁su pr am und ane ▁path ▁deals ▁with ▁fully ▁understanding ▁the ▁four ▁noble ▁truth s ▁and ▁its ▁sixteen ▁characteristics ▁( including ▁the ▁four ▁characteristics ▁of ▁suffering ), ▁which ▁lead ▁to ▁n ir v ana ▁as ▁an ▁ar hat . ▁ ▁Pr
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aty ek ab udd hab h ū mi ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁the ▁Sol itary ▁Budd ha . ▁Out lines ▁the ▁path ▁and ▁practices ▁of ▁the ▁pr aty ek ab udd ha . ▁▁ ▁Bod his att v ab h ū mi ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁the ▁Bod his att va . ▁Div ided ▁into ▁three ▁y og as th ā nas . ▁Y og as th ā na ▁I ▁deals ▁with ▁the ▁basis ▁( ā dh ā ra ) ▁for ▁becoming ▁a ▁bod his att va ▁( including ▁in born ▁dis position ▁or ▁got ra , ▁a rou sing ▁bod h ic itta , ▁practicing ▁for ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁ones elf ▁and ▁others , ▁understanding ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁reality ▁and ▁the ▁per fections ). ▁It ▁also ▁discuss es ▁how ▁bod his att vas ▁are ▁superior ▁to ▁other ▁practition ers . ▁Y og as th ā na ▁II ▁explains ▁the ▁characteristics ▁( li ṅ ga ) ▁of ▁bod his att vas ▁( like ▁courage ▁and ▁kar u ṇ ā ), ▁classes ▁( p ak ṣ a ) ▁of ▁bod his att vas ▁( lay ▁and ▁mon astic ), ▁ex alt ed ▁conviction ▁( ad hy ā ś aya ) ▁and ▁dwell ings ▁( v ih ā ra ) ▁in ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁a ▁bod his att va . ▁Y og as th ā na ▁III ▁explains ▁the ▁five ▁kinds ▁of ▁reb irth s ▁( up ap atti ) ▁a ▁bod his att va ▁under go es ▁during ▁their ▁journey , ▁the ▁six ▁ways
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▁that ▁they ▁lead ▁( par ig ra ha ) ▁sent ient ▁beings ▁to ▁perfection , ▁seven ▁bod his att va ▁levels ▁( bh ū m is ), ▁the ▁bod his att va ' s ▁practices ▁( which ▁are ▁the ▁ 1 0 ▁per fections , ▁the ▁factors ▁of ▁Aw aken ing , ▁cl air v oy ance ▁and ▁training ▁sent ient ▁beings ) ▁and ▁their ▁asc ension ▁( pr ati ṣ ṭ h ā ) ▁to ▁Budd h ah ood ▁along ▁with ▁all ▁the ▁Budd ha ▁qualities ▁which ▁are ▁manifest ed ▁in ▁them . ▁ ▁S op ad h ik ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Having ▁an ▁Ex ist ential ▁Sub str at um . ▁This ▁discuss es ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁living ▁ar hat , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁" what ▁it ▁is ▁that ▁forms ▁the ▁remaining ▁layer ▁or ▁basis ▁for ▁continued ▁sa ṃ s ā ric ▁existence , ▁namely ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁there ▁being ▁an ▁exist ential ▁substr at um ▁( up ad hi )", ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁five ▁aggreg ates ▁and ▁so ▁forth . ▁N ir up ad h ik ā ▁Bh ū mi ḥ ▁- ▁The ▁Foundation ▁on ▁Being ▁Without ▁an ▁Ex ist ential ▁Sub str at um . ▁This ▁final ▁book ▁explains ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁an ▁ar hat ▁who ▁has ▁died ▁and ▁entered ▁par in ir v ā ṇ a , ▁and ▁thus ▁is ▁without ▁a ▁substr at um ▁for ▁continued ▁existence . ▁This ▁state ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁complete ▁and ▁eternal ▁ext inction /
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com pletion ▁( n ir v ṛ ti ). ▁ ▁Supp lement ary ▁Section ▁ ▁This ▁part ▁is ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁four ▁' col lections ' ▁or ▁' com pend ia ' ▁( sa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī , ▁sh è ▁ <0xE6> <0x94> <0x9D> , ▁b s du ▁ba ), ▁which ▁supplement ▁the ▁Basic ▁Section : ▁▁ ▁V ini ś c ay asa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ▁- ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁Asc ertain ment ▁- ▁Dis cuss es ▁and ▁provides ▁a ▁clar ification ▁( v ini ś c aya ) ▁on ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁sevent een ▁b hum is ▁from ▁the ▁Basic ▁Section . ▁This ▁section ▁also ▁contains ▁a ▁" det ailed ▁treatment ▁of ▁ ā lay av ij ñ ā na ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁qu oting ▁and ▁making ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Sa ṃ d hin irm oc anas ū tra ." ▁Thus ▁it ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁later ▁str ata ▁by ▁Sch m ith aus en . ▁V y ā k hy ā sa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ▁- ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁Ex eg esis ▁- ▁A ▁manual ▁of ▁her m ene ut ical ▁and ▁ex e get ical ▁techniques , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁rhet or ical ▁and ▁logical ▁argument ▁( het uv idy ā ). ▁ ▁P ary ā y asa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ▁- ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁Related ▁Terms ▁- ▁ ▁Def ines ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁various ▁strings ▁of ▁quasi - syn onym ical ▁expressions ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁
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Ā g amas . ▁V ast usa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ▁- ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁[ Selected ] ▁The mes ▁- ▁Incl udes ▁the ▁S ū tr av ast usa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ▁which ▁summar izes ▁and ▁explains ▁key ▁topics ▁of ▁each ▁s ū tra ▁contained ▁in ▁the ▁Sam y uk ta - ā g ama . ▁This ▁section ▁also ▁includes ▁' The ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁the ▁Vin aya ' ▁( V in ay av ast usa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ) ▁and ▁' The ▁comp end ium ▁of ▁Ab hid har ma ▁lists ' ▁( M ā t ṛ k av ast usa ṃ gra ha ṇ ī ). ▁Lam bert ▁Sch m ith aus en , ▁Flor in ▁Del en au ▁and ▁Nor itos hi ▁Ar am aki ▁both ▁hold ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁text ual ▁layer . ▁ ▁The ▁Chinese ▁version ▁also ▁contains ▁a ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁Ab hid har ma , ▁missing ▁from ▁the ▁Tibet an ▁translation . ▁▁ ▁An ▁Indian ▁comment ary ▁was ▁also ▁written ▁on ▁the ▁Y B h , ▁called ▁the ▁Y og ā c ā rab h ū m iv y ā k hy ā . ▁ ▁Chinese ▁translation ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁S ui ▁dyn asty ▁( 5 8 9 - 6 1 8 ), ▁Budd h ism ▁within ▁China ▁had ▁developed ▁many ▁distinct ▁schools ▁and ▁traditions . ▁In ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁Dan ▁L ust haus : ▁ ▁The ▁leader ▁of ▁N al
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anda , ▁Ś ī lab had ra ▁taught ▁this ▁sh as tra ▁to ▁X u anz ang ▁and ▁other ▁audiences ▁three ▁times ▁in ▁nine ▁or ▁fifteen ▁months . ▁The ▁X u anz ang ▁version ▁consists ▁of ▁one ▁hundred ▁fasc icles ▁( j uan ), ▁and ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁Chinese ▁between ▁ 6 4 6 - 6 4 8 ▁CE ▁at ▁Hong fu ▁Mon aster y ▁() ▁and ▁D ac ien ▁Mon aster y ▁( ). ▁ ▁Before ▁X u anz ang ' s ▁version , ▁D harm ak ṣ ema , ▁Gu ṇ ab had ra ▁( 3 9 4 - 4 6 8 ) ▁and ▁Param arth a ▁had ▁translated ▁part ▁of ▁it . ▁ ▁Tibet an ▁translation ▁The ▁Tibet an ▁version ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁team ▁of ▁Indian ▁scholars ▁including ▁Jin am it ra , ▁P raj ñ ā var ma ▁and ▁Sure nd rab od hi ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁renown ed ▁Tibet an ▁transl ator , ▁Y é sh é ▁Dé ▁() ▁lots awa . ▁ ▁In ▁East ▁Asia , ▁auth orship ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁M ait re ya - n ā tha , ▁while ▁the ▁Tibet an ▁tradition ▁considers ▁it ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁composed ▁by ▁As anga , ▁but ▁in ▁all ▁probability ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁several ▁writers ▁who ▁compiled ▁it ▁during ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century ▁CE . ▁ ▁N an ▁Hu ai - Ch in ▁touches ▁on ▁the ▁Y og ac ar ab h umi - s as tra ▁in ▁his ▁book . ▁ ▁English ▁translation ▁
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▁A ▁sub section ▁of ▁the ▁work , ▁the ▁Bod his att va - bh ū mi , ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁by ▁Art em us ▁Eng le ▁and ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ts ad ra ▁series ▁published ▁by ▁Sh amb h ala ▁Public ations . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Digital ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Budd h ism ▁( log ▁in ▁with ▁user ID ▁" gu est ") ▁Summary ▁of ▁the ▁Y og ā c ā rab h ū mi - ś ā stra , ▁Charles ▁Mull er ▁and ▁Dan ▁L ust haus ▁Chinese - S ansk rit - T ib et an ▁Terms : ▁Y og ac ar ab h umi ▁Y og ā c ā rab h ū mi ▁Database ▁( Complete ▁marked - up ▁Chinese ▁text ▁with ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁available ▁S ansk rit ▁and ▁some ▁Tibet an ) ▁ ▁Category : M ah ay ana ▁texts ▁Category : Y og ac ara <0x0A> </s> ▁T urb ay ev o ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁village ) ▁in ▁Bor ov et sk oy e ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁S ok ol sky ▁District , ▁V olog da ▁O bl ast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 0 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁ ▁The ▁distance ▁to ▁S ok ol ▁is ▁ 1 2 km , ▁to ▁Ob ros ovo ▁is ▁ 1 km . ▁G uri y ev o ▁is ▁the ▁nearest
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▁rural ▁local ity . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁V olog da ▁O bl ast ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁S ok ol sky ▁District , ▁V olog da ▁O bl ast <0x0A> </s> ▁Or ches ella ▁ad ri at ica ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sl ender ▁spring tail ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ent om ob ry idae . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Col le mb ola ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Anim als ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁X - MO ▁is ▁a ▁Dutch ▁language ▁premium ▁digital ▁cable ▁special ty ▁channel ▁from ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁X - MO ▁offers ▁all ▁gay ▁male ▁porn ography ▁films . ▁X - MO ▁broadcast s ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁a ▁day . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Television ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁ ▁Digital ▁television ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁X MO ▁website ▁▁ ▁Category : G ay ▁porn ographic ▁television ▁channels ▁Category : Tele vision ▁channels ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : L GBT - related ▁mass ▁media ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Tele vision ▁channels ▁and ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Category : Mass ▁media ▁in ▁U tre cht ▁( city ) <0x0A> </s> ▁President ial ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁Colombia ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁The ▁result ▁was ▁a ▁victory ▁for ▁Pedro ▁Nel ▁O sp ina ▁of ▁the ▁Conservative ▁Party , ▁who ▁received ▁ 6 2 % ▁of
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▁the ▁vote . ▁He ▁took ▁office ▁on ▁ 7 ▁August . ▁ ▁His ▁main ▁opponent , ▁Benj am ín ▁Herr era ▁of ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Party , ▁was ▁also ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁Social ist ▁Party . ▁The ▁Liberal ▁Party ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁election ▁had ▁been ▁mar red ▁by ▁bl at ant ▁fraud . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pres idential ▁elections ▁in ▁Colombia ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁in ▁Colombia ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁elections ▁in ▁South ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁I ▁Bel ong ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Norweg ian ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁D ag ▁Joh an ▁H au ger ud . ▁It ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Nord ic ▁Council ▁Film ▁Prize . ▁ ▁The ▁film ' s ▁world ▁premi ere ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Norweg ian ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁where ▁it ▁won ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁Film ▁Prize , ▁worth ▁ 7 5 0 0 0 ▁N OK . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Amanda ▁Awards , ▁I ▁Bel ong ▁won ▁the ▁top ▁prize ▁( Best ▁Feature ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁awards ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁( L ail a ▁Good y ), ▁Best ▁Original ▁Screen play ▁( D ag ▁Joh an ▁H au ger ud ), ▁and ▁Best ▁Director ▁( D ag ▁Joh an ▁H au ger ud ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1
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0 s ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Ru in ▁and ▁Memory ▁is ▁a ▁piano ▁concer to ▁by ▁the ▁Canadian ▁composer ▁Howard ▁Sh ore ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁work ▁was ▁commissioned ▁by ▁the ▁Beijing ▁Music ▁Festival ▁Arts ▁Foundation ▁for ▁the ▁pian ist ▁Lang ▁Lang ▁in ▁celebration ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 th ▁anniversary ▁of ▁the ▁composer ▁Fr éd éric ▁Ch op in . ▁ ▁The ▁world ▁premi ere ▁was ▁performed ▁by ▁Lang ▁Lang ▁and ▁the ▁China ▁Phil harm onic ▁Orchestra ▁conducted ▁by ▁Long ▁Yu ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Sh ore ▁later ▁composed ▁the ▁cell o ▁concer to ▁My th ic ▁Gard ens ▁as ▁a ▁companion ▁piece ▁to ▁the ▁work . ▁ ▁Com position ▁Ru in ▁and ▁Memory ▁has ▁a ▁duration ▁of ▁approximately ▁ 3 0 ▁minutes ▁and ▁is ▁cast ▁in ▁three ▁movements : ▁And ante ▁n obile ▁L argo ▁Prest iss imo ▁ ▁In strument ation ▁The ▁work ▁is ▁scored ▁for ▁a ▁solo ▁piano ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁or chestra ▁consisting ▁of ▁two ▁fl utes , ▁two ▁ob oes , ▁two ▁bass oons , ▁two ▁horn s , ▁and ▁strings . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Richard ▁White house ▁of ▁Gram oph one ▁wrote , ▁" R u in ▁& ▁Memory ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁was ▁written ▁for ▁Lang ▁Lang , ▁who ▁takes ▁on ▁this ▁first ▁performance ▁with ▁his ▁custom ary ▁fluid ity ▁and ▁fl air . ▁These ▁qualities ▁are ▁central ▁to ▁a ▁piece
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▁whose ▁starting ▁point ▁was ▁the ▁life ▁and ▁musical ▁eth os ▁of ▁Ch op in , ▁as ▁reflected ▁in ▁its ▁late - Class ical ▁or chestr ation ▁and ▁an ▁emotional ▁restr aint ▁that , ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁L argo , ▁suggests ▁path os ▁more ▁Moz art ian ▁than ▁Ch op ines que ." ▁ ▁He ▁added , ▁" A ▁pity ▁that ▁the ▁finale ▁( hard ly ▁taken ▁Prest iss imo ▁as ▁marked ) ▁ends ▁with ▁so ▁jud der ing ▁a ▁final ▁ch ord , ▁but ▁it ▁does ▁act ▁as ▁catal yst ▁for ▁the ▁thunder ous ▁appl ause ▁which ▁ens ues ." ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Com pos itions ▁by ▁Howard ▁Sh ore ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁compos itions ▁Category : P iano ▁concert os <0x0A> </s> ▁Liter ary ▁Crit icism ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁several ▁academic ▁events ▁san ction ed ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁In ters ch ol astic ▁League ▁in ▁Texas , ▁USA . ▁The ▁contest ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 – 8 7 ▁school ▁year . ▁ ▁Liter ary ▁Crit icism ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁test ▁students ' ▁knowledge ▁of ▁literary ▁history ▁and ▁of ▁critical ▁terms , ▁and ▁ability ▁in ▁literary ▁criticism . ▁ ▁The ▁text ▁A ▁Hand book ▁to ▁Liter ature ▁by ▁William ▁Harm on ▁and ▁C . ▁Hugh ▁Hol man ▁( current ly , ▁either ▁the ▁ 8 th , ▁ 9 th , ▁or ▁ 1 0 th ▁edition ▁may ▁be ▁used ), ▁state ▁adopted ▁texts , ▁and ▁the ▁announced ▁reading ▁list ▁for ▁the ▁current
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▁year ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁sources ▁for ▁the ▁tests . ▁ ▁El ig ibility ▁Students ▁in ▁Grade ▁ 9 ▁to ▁Grade ▁ 1 2 ▁are ▁eligible ▁to ▁enter . ▁All ▁grades ▁compete ▁in ▁one ▁division . ▁ ▁Each ▁school ▁may ▁send ▁up ▁to ▁four ▁students . ▁However , ▁in ▁districts ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁eight ▁schools ▁the ▁district ▁executive ▁committee ▁can ▁limit ▁participation ▁to ▁three ▁students ▁per ▁school . ▁In ▁order ▁for ▁a ▁school ▁to ▁participate ▁in ▁team ▁competition , ▁the ▁school ▁must ▁send ▁at ▁least ▁three ▁students . ▁ ▁Rules ▁and ▁scoring ▁The ▁test ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁parts , ▁which ▁must ▁be ▁completed ▁in ▁ 9 0 ▁minutes . ▁A ▁time ▁signal ▁is ▁given ▁when ▁ 1 5 ▁minutes ▁remain . ▁ ▁The ▁questions ▁may ▁be ▁answered ▁in ▁any ▁order . ▁▁ ▁Part ▁One ▁consists ▁of ▁thirty ▁questions ▁involving ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁A ▁Hand book ▁to ▁Liter ature . ▁ ▁Part ▁Two ▁consists ▁of ▁twenty ▁questions ▁involving ▁the ▁texts ▁from ▁the ▁announced ▁reading ▁list . ▁ ▁Part ▁Three ▁requires ▁a ▁contest ant ▁to ▁answer ▁fifteen ▁critical ▁questions ▁about ▁various ▁poems ▁or ▁literary ▁ex cer pts . ▁Finally , ▁the ▁contest ant ▁must ▁write ▁a ▁short ▁essay ▁dealing ▁with ▁a ▁specified ▁topic ▁about ▁a ▁short ▁literary ▁passage . ▁ ▁One ▁point ▁is ▁given ▁for ▁each ▁correct ▁answer ▁in ▁Part ▁One ▁and ▁two ▁points ▁for ▁each ▁correct ▁answer ▁in ▁Part s ▁Two ▁and ▁Three . ▁The ▁essay ▁is ▁not ▁scored ▁but ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁tie break er ▁for ▁individual ▁competition . ▁ ▁The ▁contest
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ant ▁who ▁does ▁not ▁write ▁an ▁essay ▁is ▁dis qual ified ▁from ▁the ▁competition . ▁ ▁Det erm ining ▁the ▁winner ▁The ▁top ▁three ▁individuals ▁and ▁the ▁top ▁team ▁( based ▁on ▁the ▁scores ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁three ▁individuals ) ▁will ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁round . ▁In ▁addition , ▁within ▁each ▁region , ▁the ▁highest - sc oring ▁second ▁place ▁team ▁from ▁all ▁district ▁compet itions ▁advances ▁as ▁the ▁" w ild ▁card " ▁to ▁the ▁regional ▁competition ▁( prov ided ▁the ▁team ▁has ▁four ▁members ) ▁and , ▁within ▁the ▁state , ▁the ▁highest - sc oring ▁second ▁place ▁team ▁from ▁all ▁regional ▁compet itions ▁advances ▁as ▁the ▁wild ▁card ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁competition . ▁Members ▁of ▁adv ancing ▁teams ▁who ▁were ▁not ▁placed ▁individually ▁remain ▁eligible ▁to ▁compete ▁for ▁individual ▁awards ▁at ▁higher ▁levels . ▁ ▁For ▁individual ▁competition , ▁the ▁tie break er ▁is ▁the ▁essay . ▁Three ▁judges ▁( none ▁of ▁whom ▁shall ▁be ▁the ▁student ' s ▁coach ) ▁evaluate ▁the ▁essay ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁criteria : ▁ ▁how ▁well ▁the ▁contest ant ▁followed ▁the ▁instructions ▁accompanying ▁the ▁questions ; ▁the ▁excell ence ▁of ▁the ▁literary ▁insights ▁expressed ; ▁the ▁effectiveness ▁of ▁the ▁written ▁expression ; ▁and ▁the ▁gram mat ical ▁correct ness ▁of ▁the ▁writing . ▁ ▁For ▁team ▁competition , ▁the ▁score ▁of ▁the ▁fourth - place ▁individual ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁tie break er ▁( not ▁including ▁the ▁essay ). ▁If ▁a ▁team ▁has ▁only ▁three ▁members ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁eligible ▁to ▁participate
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▁in ▁the ▁tie break er . ▁If ▁the ▁fourth - place ▁score ▁still ▁results ▁in ▁a ▁tie , ▁the ▁individual ▁tie break er ▁rules ▁will ▁not ▁apply , ▁and ▁all ▁remaining ▁tied ▁teams ▁will ▁advance . ▁At ▁the ▁state ▁level ▁ties ▁for ▁first ▁place ▁are ▁not ▁broken . ▁ ▁For ▁district ▁meet ▁academic ▁championship ▁and ▁district ▁meet ▁sweep st akes ▁awards , ▁points ▁are ▁awarded ▁to ▁the ▁school ▁as ▁follows : ▁Individual ▁places : ▁ 1 st – 1 5 , ▁ 2 nd – 1 2 , ▁ 3 rd – 1 0 , ▁ 4 th – 8 , ▁ 5 th – 6 , ▁and ▁ 6 th – 4 . ▁Team ▁places : ▁ 1 st – 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 nd – 5 . ▁The ▁maximum ▁number ▁of ▁points ▁a ▁school ▁can ▁earn ▁in ▁Liter ary ▁Crit icism ▁is ▁ 3 7 . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁prior ▁winners ▁ ▁Individual ▁NOTE : ▁For ▁privacy ▁reasons , ▁only ▁the ▁winning ▁school ▁is ▁shown . ▁ ▁Team ▁NOTE : ▁U IL ▁did ▁not ▁recognize ▁a ▁team ▁championship ▁in ▁this ▁event ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 9 3 ▁schol astic ▁year . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁U IL ▁Rules ▁for ▁Liter ary ▁Crit icism ▁ ▁Category : Univers ity ▁In ters ch ol astic ▁League <0x0A> </s> ▁O ' She a ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁country ▁music ▁du o ▁composed ▁of ▁husband ▁and ▁wife ▁Mark ▁( born ▁ 1 6 ▁February ▁ 1
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9 7 7 ) ▁and ▁Jay ▁O ' She a ▁( pre viously ▁K yl ie ▁Smith , ▁born ▁ 1 7 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 4 ). ▁Since ▁rel oc ating ▁to ▁Nash ville ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁du o ▁has ▁seen ▁success ▁as ▁artists ▁and ▁song writ ers , ▁with ▁nine ▁# 1 ▁singles ▁on ▁the ▁Australian ▁country ▁charts , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁finishing ▁fifth ▁in ▁the ▁Country ▁Music ▁Television ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁series ▁Can ▁You ▁Du et . ▁▁ ▁O ' She a ▁hosts ▁O ' She a ▁USA , ▁a ▁television ▁show ▁currently ▁in ▁its ▁sixth ▁season ▁on ▁Fo xt el ' s ▁Country ▁Music ▁Channel . ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁are ▁also ▁social ▁media ▁hosts ▁for ▁R ode o H ou ston . ▁ ▁Their ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁album , ▁The ▁F amine ▁and ▁the ▁Fe ast , ▁reached ▁number ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Country ▁Sales ▁Chart . ▁Their ▁albums ▁have ▁sold ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Rec ording ▁Industry ▁Association ▁Annual ▁Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Country ▁Chart ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁All ▁four ▁of ▁O ' She a ' s ▁albums ▁have ▁entered ▁the ▁Australian ▁charts . ▁ ▁O ' She a ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁five ▁Golden ▁Gu itar ▁Awards , ▁Australian ▁country ▁music ' s ▁highest ▁honor . ▁ ▁Early ▁careers ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁have ▁seen ▁success ▁around ▁the ▁globe , ▁both ▁as ▁independent ▁artists ▁and ▁as ▁a
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▁du o . ▁Origin ally ▁from ▁Dal by , ▁Queensland , ▁Mark ' s ▁musical ▁career ▁took ▁off ▁at ▁the ▁young ▁age ▁of ▁sevent een ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Gym pie ▁Music ▁M uster ▁talent ▁competition ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁which ▁subsequently ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁record ▁deal . ▁Mark ' s ▁debut ▁album ▁was ▁hon ored ▁with ▁two ▁Golden ▁Gu itar ▁Awards ▁from ▁the ▁C MA A ▁for ▁Best ▁New ▁Tal ent ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁for ▁the ▁track ▁" The ▁Sw im ming ▁Song " ▁and ▁Best ▁Video ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁for ▁" The ▁Dream er ". ▁Eventually ▁Mark ▁left ▁his ▁solo ▁career ▁to ▁form ▁rock / pop ▁group ▁Z inc ▁that ▁signed ▁with ▁Los ▁Angeles - based ▁label , ▁Tra uma . ▁The ▁band ' s ▁first ▁single , ▁" The ▁Morning ▁After " ▁( co - written ▁with ▁Mark ▁Hudson ), ▁reached ▁No . 2 2 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Ch arts ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Mark ▁tou red ▁as ▁a ▁guitar ist ▁for ▁artist ▁Ron n ▁M oss ▁and ▁also ▁had ▁his ▁own ▁song , ▁" When ▁We ▁Kiss ed ", ▁recorded ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁M oss ' ▁Un covered ▁album ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Jay ▁had ▁been ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁performing ▁arts ▁from ▁a ▁young ▁age ▁as ▁well ; ▁she ▁tou red ▁the ▁UK ▁and ▁Europe ▁with ▁the ▁Australian ▁Dance - Dr
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ill ▁team ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 5 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Jay ▁signed ▁her ▁first ▁publishing ▁deal ▁with ▁Warner ▁Ch app ell ▁London . ▁While ▁working ▁in ▁London , ▁Jay ▁co - w rote ▁" R ut inas " ▁with ▁Wend y ▁Page ▁and ▁Jim ▁Mar r . ▁The ▁song ▁became ▁the ▁hit ▁single ▁on ▁Chen oa ' s ▁album ▁N ada ▁Es ▁I g ual ▁and ▁reached ▁No . 1 ▁on ▁the ▁Spanish ▁chart ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Career ▁as ▁O ' She a ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 1 : ▁The ▁Form ative ▁Years ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁moved ▁to ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee ▁and ▁began ▁performing ▁as ▁a ▁du o . ▁It ▁wasn ' t ▁long ▁before ▁O ' She a ▁was ▁travelling ▁across ▁the ▁U . S . ▁to ▁open ▁for ▁artists ▁Phil ▁V ass ar , ▁Jimmy ▁Wayne , ▁Sara ▁Evans , ▁and ▁the ▁Oak ▁Ridge ▁Boys . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁pair ▁began ▁hosting ▁their ▁own ▁TV ▁show ▁called ▁O ' She a ▁USA ▁which ▁a ired ▁on ▁Australia ’ s ▁Country ▁Music ▁Channel ▁( C MC ). ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 3 : ▁Mr . ▁and ▁Mrs . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁du o ▁signed ▁with ▁Sony ▁Australia ▁to ▁release ▁their ▁debut ▁album ▁Mr . ▁and ▁Mrs . ▁The ▁album ▁featured ▁
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1 1 ▁tracks ▁written / co - written ▁by ▁the ▁du o ▁alongside ▁Nash ville ▁co - writ ers ▁Dave ▁Berg , ▁Josh ▁Leo , ▁and ▁Georgia ▁Middle man ▁and ▁debut ed ▁at ▁No . 9 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Ch arts . ▁ ▁While ▁working ▁with ▁Nash ville - based ▁Australian ▁producer ▁Mark ▁M off at , ▁the ▁du o ▁recorded ▁the ▁hit ▁single ▁" Old ▁School ". ▁The ▁video ▁for ▁the ▁single ▁reached ▁No . 7 ▁on ▁Australia ' s ▁Country ▁Music ▁Channel ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁next ▁single ▁released , ▁" Sm ash ", ▁co - written ▁with ▁Kim ▁Carn es , ▁reached ▁No . 1 ▁on ▁C MC ' s ▁Top ▁ 5 0 ▁Video ▁Count down . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁O ' She a ▁performed ▁at ▁C MC ▁R ocks ▁the ▁Hunter ▁and ▁hosted ▁the ▁DVD ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁All ▁of ▁this ▁cul min ated ▁in ▁O ' She a ▁being ▁awarded ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁C MA A ▁New ▁Tal ent ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 5 : ▁One ▁+ ▁One ▁ ▁Their ▁album ▁One ▁+ ▁One ▁debut ed ▁at ▁number ▁ 3 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Country ▁Ch arts ▁and ▁cracked ▁the ▁top ▁ 3 0 ▁on ▁the ▁all ▁genre ▁chart ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 2 0 1 7 :
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▁The ▁F amine ▁and ▁the ▁Fe ast ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁du o ' s ▁album ▁The ▁F amine ▁and ▁the ▁Fe ast ▁reached ▁number ▁ 3 6 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Ch arts , ▁and ▁number ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁Country ▁Albums ▁chart . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 – Present : ▁ 6 1 - 6 1 5 ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁O ' She a ▁released ▁the ▁studio ▁album ▁ 6 1 - 6 1 5 , ▁which ▁reached ▁number ▁ 1 6 ▁on ▁the ▁AR IA ▁charts . ▁The ▁album ' s ▁first ▁single , ▁" Start ▁Over ", ▁written ▁by ▁Mark , ▁Jay , ▁and ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Alex ▁Lloyd , ▁pe aked ▁at ▁# 1 ▁on ▁The ▁Music ▁Network ' s ▁national ▁Country ▁Air play ▁chart . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Studio ▁Albums ▁ ▁Track ▁List ings ▁ ▁Mr . ▁& ▁Mrs . ▁ ▁One ▁+ ▁One ▁ ▁The ▁F amine ▁And ▁The ▁Fe ast ▁▁ 6 1 - 6 1 5 ▁ ▁V ide os ▁ ▁Network ▁and ▁online ▁media ▁ ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁host ▁O ' She a ▁USA , ▁a ▁television ▁show ▁which ▁is ▁currently ▁in ▁its ▁sixth ▁season ▁on ▁Fo xt el ' s ▁Country ▁Music ▁Channel , ▁on ▁which ▁they ▁have ▁interviewed ▁notable ▁guests ▁such ▁as ▁G arth ▁Brook s , ▁Chris ▁Young , ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Rhe tt . ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁are ▁also ▁social ▁media ▁hosts
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▁for ▁R ode o H ou ston ▁( the ▁media ▁arm ▁for ▁the ▁Houston ▁Liv est ock ▁Show ▁and ▁R ode o ), ▁where ▁they ▁interviewed ▁artists . ▁ ▁Personal ▁lives ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁became ▁a ▁couple ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁subsequently ▁married . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁daughters . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Jay ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁her ▁birth ▁father , ▁Mid night ▁Oil ▁drum mer ▁Rob ▁H irst ▁on ▁" The ▁Truth ▁Walk s ▁Slow ly ". ▁Jay ▁met ▁H irst ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁following ▁a ▁long ▁search ▁for ▁her ▁birth ▁parents , ▁after ▁they ▁gave ▁her ▁up ▁for ▁adoption ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁teen agers . ▁ ▁Mark ▁is ▁a ▁keen ▁ang ler . ▁ ▁Char itable ▁work ▁ ▁Mark ▁and ▁Jay ▁O ' She a ▁have ▁contributed ▁their ▁talents ▁to ▁the ▁char itable ▁organizations ▁such ▁as ▁World ▁Vision ▁and ▁Heart K ids . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁www . facebook . com / there al os he a ▁ ▁Category : American ▁country ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee ▁Category : Country ▁music ▁du os ▁Category : Austral ian ▁country ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : Mar ried ▁couples ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Category : People ▁from ▁the ▁Dar ling ▁Down s <0x0A> </s> ▁Gabriel ▁Fr ag ni ère ▁( 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁September ▁ 2
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0 1 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Swiss ▁university ▁professor , ▁philos opher ▁and ▁scientific ▁research er . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Fr ag ni ère ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁La us anne . ▁He ▁graduated ▁in ▁Philosoph y ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁La us anne . ▁He ▁continued ▁with ▁a ▁post graduate ▁at ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Europe ▁in ▁Bru ges ▁( 1 9 5 9 – 1 9 6 0 ) ▁and ▁became ▁assistant ▁to ▁the ▁re ctor ▁and ▁director ▁of ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁College ▁( 1 9 6 1 – 1 9 6 6 ). ▁He ▁then ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁studied ▁during ▁two ▁years ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁relig ions ▁( 1 9 6 6 – 1 9 6 8 ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁he ▁obtained ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁philosophy ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ma astr icht . ▁ ▁Fr ag ni ère ' s ▁career ▁has ▁been ▁entirely ▁devoted ▁to ▁European ▁matters , ▁including ▁domains ▁of ▁education , ▁professional ▁training , ▁university ▁cooperation ▁and ▁social ▁policies . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁ ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Journal ▁of ▁Education ▁( pre viously ▁Pa ed agog ica ▁Europe a ), ▁ 1 9 7 3 – 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁founder ▁and ▁first ▁general ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Soci été ▁Europ é enne ▁pour ▁la ▁Form ation ▁des ▁Ing én ieurs , ▁ 1 9 7 3 – 1 9 8 0 , ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Te acher ▁Education ▁in ▁Europe , ▁ 1 9 7
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6 - 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁Europ é en ▁Tr av ail ▁et ▁Soci été ▁, ▁Ma astr icht , ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 1 9 9 1 ▁ ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁EU RO TE C NET ▁programme ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Community . ▁ ▁founder ▁of ▁Press es ▁Inter univers it aires ▁Europ é ennes ▁( P . I . E ), ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁( t aken ▁over ▁by ▁Peter ▁Lang ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁ ▁part - time ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁program ▁Central ▁European ▁University , ▁Pr ague , ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁re ctor ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Europe ▁in ▁Bru ges , ▁ 1 9 9 3 – 1 9 9 5 ▁ ▁professor ▁of ▁soci ology ▁of ▁relig ions , ▁at ▁the ▁Centre ▁for ▁social ▁studies , ▁Central ▁European ▁University , ▁Wars aw , ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁first ▁chairman ▁of ▁Forum ▁Europe ▁des ▁C ult ures , ▁for ▁the ▁defence ▁and ▁promotion ▁of ▁European ▁cultural ▁diversity , ▁ 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 5 . ▁( inter im ▁chairman ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁president ▁of ▁M ém oire ▁d ’ Europe , ▁association ▁for ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁European ▁citizens ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁know ▁better ▁their ▁identity ▁and ▁common ▁history . ▁ ▁director ▁of ▁three ▁collections ▁at ▁P IE ▁– ▁Peter ▁Lang ▁in ▁Br
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uss els : ▁Philosoph ie ▁et ▁Polit ique ; ▁Die ux , ▁Hom mes ▁et ▁Relig ions ; ▁Europe ▁des ▁cultures . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Br uss els ▁ ▁( W olu we ▁Saint - L am bert ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Public ations ▁ ▁Le ▁ro ya ume ▁de ▁l ’ hom me , ▁Ess ai ▁sur ▁la ▁religion ▁et ▁la ▁dém ocr atie , ▁Gen ève , ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁▁ ▁Ram on ▁L l ull … ▁ou ▁les ▁prem iers ▁j al ons ▁d ’ une ▁Europe ▁to l ér ante , ▁Port ra its ▁d ’ E urop é ens , ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁A ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Future , ▁Spring er ▁Ver lag , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁L ’ é duc ation ▁cré atrice , ▁Bru x elles , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁( transl ated ▁into ▁German , ▁English , ▁Spanish , ▁Portuguese .) ▁ ▁L ’ hom me ▁et ▁la ▁vie , ▁Bi ologie ▁contempor aine ▁et ▁é th ique , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁( with ▁K aj ▁Do ort en ), ▁Em ployment ▁and ▁youth ▁policy , ▁European ▁Centre ▁for ▁Work ▁& ▁Society , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁ ▁É gal ité ▁des ▁chances ▁et ▁formation ▁profession n elle ▁: ▁R és ult at ▁de ▁l ' analy se ▁compar ative ▁de ▁sept
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▁rap ports ▁nation aux ▁port ant ▁sur ▁les ▁program mes ▁de ▁formation ▁profession n elle ▁des ▁fem mes ▁en ▁entre prise , ▁juillet ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁Office ▁des ▁publications ▁off ici elles ▁des ▁Commun aut és ▁europ é ennes , ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁Future ▁of ▁Work : ▁Challenge ▁and ▁Op portun ity , ▁Van ▁Gor c um ▁Ltd , ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁Form ation ▁et ▁condition ▁hum aine ▁au ▁XX I e ▁siècle , ▁ ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁( transl ated ▁in ▁Catal an ). ▁▁ ▁( with ▁George ▁Sp y rop oul os ), ▁Work ▁and ▁Social ▁Pol icies ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Europe , ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁L ’ ob lig ation ▁mor ale ▁et ▁l ’ é th ique ▁de ▁la ▁pro sp é rit é , ▁th èse ▁de ▁doctor at , ▁Collection ▁« ▁Philosoph ie ▁et ▁Polit ique ▁» ▁N ° ▁ 2 , ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Stefan ▁Zwe ig … ▁ou ▁esp ér er ▁l ’ Europe ▁et ▁en ▁mour ir , ▁Port ra its ▁d ’ E urop é ens , ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Tow ards ▁a ▁compet ent ▁Europe , Europe an ▁Inter univers ity ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁L ' Europe ▁des ▁comp ét ences , ▁European ▁Inter univers ity ▁Press ,
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▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁L ' O bl igation ▁Mor ale ▁et ▁l ' ▁É th ique ▁De ▁La ▁pro sp é rit é ▁- ▁Le ▁Ret our ▁Du ▁Su jet ▁Res pons able , ▁Press es ▁Univers it aires ▁Europ é ennes , ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Walter ▁Hall stein … ▁ou ▁une ▁p éd agog ie ▁politique ▁pour ▁la ▁f éd ération ▁europ é enne , ▁Port ra its ▁d ’ e urop é ens , ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁La ▁cert itude ▁et ▁l ’ action . ▁L ’ int u ition ▁est - elle ▁une ▁con naissance ▁trans miss ible ?, ▁P IE , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁( with ▁Peter ▁Ch idi ▁Ok uma ), ▁Tow ards ▁an ▁African ▁The ology : ▁The ▁I g bo ▁Context ▁in ▁Nigeria , ▁P . I . E .- P eter ▁Lang , ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Le ▁Che min ▁et ▁le ▁Reg ard , ▁La ▁Rena issance ▁du ▁Liv re , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁( with ▁K arel ▁D obb ela ere ), ▁Sec ular ization : ▁An ▁Analysis ▁at ▁Three ▁Lev els , ▁European ▁Inter univers ity ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁La ▁religion ▁et ▁le ▁pou voir . ▁La ▁chr ét ient é , ▁l ’ Occ ident ▁et ▁la ▁dém ocr atie , ▁P IE ▁- ▁Peter ▁Lang , ▁Collection ▁:
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▁« ▁Die ux , ▁Hom mes ▁et ▁relig ions ▁», ▁N ° ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁( transl ated ▁in ▁Italian , ▁ ▁La ▁relig ione ▁e ▁il ▁pot ere , ▁La ▁crist ian ità , ▁l ’ Occ ident e ▁e ▁la ▁dem oc raz ia , ▁Ed izioni ▁De hon iane ▁B olog na ▁», ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ). ▁ ▁Hend rik ▁Bru g mans . ▁Building ▁Europe ▁by ▁educ ating ▁Europe ans , ▁Mad ari aga ▁Foundation , ▁Br uss els , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁( with ▁Mark ▁Dub r ulle ), ▁Ident ités ▁Culture ll es ▁Et ▁Cit oy en net é ▁Europ é enne : ▁D ivers ité ▁Et ▁Un ité ▁Dans ▁La ▁Construction ▁Democr atique ▁De ▁L ’ Europe , ▁Peter ▁Lang , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁( with ▁Ign ace ▁Bert en ▁e . a .), ▁Reg ards ▁é th iques ▁sur ▁l ' Union ▁Europ é enne , ▁P . I . E .- P eter ▁Lang , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Aut re ▁regard ▁sur ▁l ' hom me ▁et ▁le ▁div in : ▁Ess ai ▁sur ▁les ▁relig ions ▁et ▁la ▁philosoph ie , ▁E ME ▁éd itions , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁To ▁be ▁published : ▁ ▁M iro ir ▁litt éra ire ▁d ’ un ▁Europ é en , ▁Journal ▁personnel , ▁T ome ▁I
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: ▁La ▁h ou le ▁du ▁temps . ▁ ▁Du ▁mult icult ural isme ▁à ▁la ▁conv iv ance . ▁Vers ▁une ▁nouvelle ▁culture ▁politique ▁europ é enne ▁( Coll . ▁Europe ▁des ▁C ult ures ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁CV ▁on ▁College ▁of ▁Europe ▁Website ▁ ▁Con c ise ▁bi ography ▁on ▁website ▁Peter ▁Lang ▁ed itors ▁ ▁Mons ieur ▁Gabriel ▁Fr ag ni ere ▁ ▁Category : Sw iss ▁academ ics ▁Category : People ▁from ▁La us anne ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁La us anne ▁al umn i ▁Category : Col lege ▁of ▁Europe ▁al umn i ▁Category : Ma astr icht ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : Rect ors ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁Rab k ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁R ā b k ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁K ang an ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁J ask ▁County , ▁H orm oz gan ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 6 , ▁in ▁ 5 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁J ask ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Mah ra ▁Al - H ina ai ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Em ir ati ▁female ▁ju - j its u ▁practition er . ▁She ▁represented ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates
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▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁and ▁settled ▁for ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁women ' s ▁ 4 9 kg ▁ne - w aza ▁event ▁after ▁losing ▁to ▁fellow ▁teenager ▁J essa ▁Khan ▁of ▁Camb od ia . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Em ir ati ▁female ▁mart ial ▁artists ▁Category : J u - j its u ▁practition ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁ju - j its u <0x0A> </s> ▁{{ Inf ob ox ▁video ▁game ▁| ▁title ▁= ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁| ▁image ▁= ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁Log o . png ▁| ▁c aption ▁= ▁Log o ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 ▁releases ▁| ▁developer ▁= ▁* G i ants ▁Software ▁( 2 0 0 8 – present ) ▁| ▁publisher ▁= ▁* A str agon ▁( 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Focus ▁Home ▁Inter active ▁( 2 0 1 3 - present ) ▁Ex cal ib ur ▁Publishing ▁( 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 2 ) ▁| ▁platforms ▁= ▁iOS , ▁Android , ▁Kind le , ▁Microsoft
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▁Windows , ▁Mac ▁OS , ▁Play Station ▁ 3 , ▁Play Station ▁V ita , ▁Xbox ▁ 3 6 0 , ▁Nintendo ▁ 3 DS , ▁Play Station ▁ 4 , ▁Xbox ▁One , ▁Nintendo ▁Switch , ▁Com mod ore ▁ 6 4 , ▁Stad ia ▁| ▁released ▁= ▁{{ coll aps ible ▁list | title = F arm ing ▁Sim ulator | tit l estyle = font - weight : normal ; font - size : 1 5 px ; background : trans parent ; text - align : left | ▁ 1 3 ▁▁ 1 4 ▁▁▁ 1 5 ▁PC , ▁MAC 1 5 ▁X 3 6 0 , ▁PS 3 , ▁X ONE , ▁PS 4 1 6 ▁▁ 1 7 ▁All ▁platforms 1 8 ▁Play Station ▁V ita , ▁Android , ▁iOS , ▁Nintendo ▁ 3 DS 1 9 ▁All ▁platforms }} ▁| ▁genre ▁= ▁Sim ulation ▁| ▁modes ▁= ▁Single - player , ▁multi player ▁| ▁designer ▁= ▁ ▁| ▁artist ▁= ▁ ▁| ▁writer ▁= ▁ ▁| ▁composer ▁= ▁ ▁}} F arm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁is ▁a ▁farming ▁simulation ▁video ▁game ▁series ▁developed ▁by ▁Gi ants ▁Software . ▁The ▁locations ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁American ▁and ▁European ▁environments . ▁Players ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁farm , ▁breed ▁liv est ock , ▁grow ▁crops ▁and ▁sell ▁assets ▁created ▁from ▁farming . ▁ ▁The ▁games ▁have ▁sold ▁over ▁four ▁million ▁copies ▁combined . ▁ ▁Game play ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁is ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁farming ▁simulation ▁games ▁set ▁in
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▁an ▁open ▁world ▁environment ▁and ▁played ▁from ▁a ▁third - person ▁perspective ▁and ▁also ▁a ▁first - person ▁perspective . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁In ▁career ▁mode , ▁the ▁player ▁takes ▁on ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁a ▁farmer . ▁Their ▁task ▁is ▁to ▁expand ▁their ▁" dated " ▁farm ▁and ▁machinery . ▁The ▁main ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁player ▁is ▁to ▁harvest ▁their ▁crops ▁and ▁sell ▁them ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁expand ▁their ▁farming ▁enterprise ▁( e . g . ▁machines , ▁fields , ▁animals ▁and ▁buildings ). ▁The ▁player ▁is ▁free ▁to ▁explore , ▁grow ▁from ▁their ▁choice ▁of ▁several ▁crops , ▁and ▁invest ▁their ▁money ▁in ▁additional ▁fields ▁and ▁equipment . ▁Liv est ock ▁may ▁be ▁purchased , ▁and ▁then ▁it ▁is ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁player ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁the ▁animals . ▁ ▁M issions ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁dynam ically ▁generated ▁missions ▁which ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁player ▁performing ▁various ▁tasks ▁within ▁a ▁time ▁frame ▁such ▁as ▁m owing ▁grass ▁or ▁delivering ▁cargo . ▁If ▁the ▁player ▁successfully ▁complet es ▁the ▁task , ▁they ▁are ▁reward ed ▁with ▁a ▁sum ▁of ▁money , ▁plus ▁a ▁bonus ▁based ▁on ▁how ▁quickly ▁the ▁task ▁was ▁completed . ▁ ▁Multi player ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁mobile ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁to ▁have ▁multi player ▁mode . ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 6 ▁has ▁Bl uetooth ▁functionality . ▁Current ▁generation ▁cons oles ▁have ▁multi player ▁( F arm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁on ▁the ▁last ▁generation ▁cons oles ▁was ▁the ▁first
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▁console ▁port ▁of ▁the ▁game , ▁with ▁all ▁features ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Tit an ium ). ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 5 ▁for ▁Play Station ▁ 4 ▁and ▁Xbox ▁One ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁multi player ▁mode . ▁ ▁Games ▁ ▁PC ▁and ▁console ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁install ment ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁Compar ing ▁the ▁game ▁towards ▁its ▁later ▁success ors , ▁the ▁game ▁lack s ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁features ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁games , ▁the ▁only ▁crop ▁being ▁wheat , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁only ▁one ▁licensed ▁manufacturer ▁being ▁available , ▁which ▁is ▁F end t . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁game ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁It ▁had ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁new ▁features ▁such ▁as ▁new ▁crop ▁types ▁( c orn , ▁rap ese ed / can ola , ▁and ▁bar ley ), ▁mod ding ▁support ▁and ▁much ▁more ▁machinery , ▁while ▁having ▁the ▁same ▁map ▁as ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁but ▁rem aster ed . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁to ▁feature ▁a ▁multi player ▁mode . ▁It ▁was ▁greatly ▁expanded ▁with ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁map . ▁Mach inery ▁from ▁De utz - F ahr , ▁P ött inger ,
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▁and ▁H orsch ▁were ▁added ▁( also ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁F S ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Gold ▁edition ). ▁C ows ▁were ▁also ▁an ▁addition ▁to ▁this ▁title . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁The ▁initial ▁release ▁for ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁was ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁A ▁version ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁the ▁Play Station ▁V ita ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁known ▁as ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator . ▁Almost ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁its ▁PC ▁release , ▁it ▁received ▁a ▁large ▁update ▁and ▁re - release ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Tit an ium ▁Edition , ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁It ▁contains ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁assets ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁iteration , ▁with ▁new ▁content ▁of ▁a ▁US - based ▁environment ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁map ▁called ▁" West bridge ▁Hills " ▁and ▁new ▁vehicles . ▁New ▁content ▁was ▁also ▁released ▁as ▁D LC ▁add - ons ▁for ▁those ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁game . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 5 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 5 ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁Windows ▁and ▁Mac ▁OS ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁This ▁version ▁introduced ▁forest ry , ▁wash able ▁vehicles , ▁and ▁ 4 1 ▁brands . ▁Around ▁ 1
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4 0 ▁pieces ▁of ▁equipment ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁game , ▁ 1 6 0 ▁in ▁the ▁gold ▁edition ▁D LC ▁pack . ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 5 ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁cons oles ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 7 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 7 ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁It ▁features ▁the ▁return ▁of ▁F end t ▁since ▁its ▁last ▁debut ▁in ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁and ▁also ▁M asse y ▁F erg us on , ▁Chall enger , ▁and ▁Val tra . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁base ▁game , ▁so y beans , ▁sun flow ers , ▁and ▁oil seed ▁rad ishes ▁are ▁introduced ▁as ▁grow able ▁crops . ▁In ▁previous ▁games , ▁the ▁player ▁would ▁have ▁had ▁to ▁download ▁a ▁modification ▁to ▁add ▁these ▁crops . ▁The ▁crop ▁growing ▁mechanics ▁have ▁been ▁altered , ▁to ▁allow ▁different ▁ways ▁to ▁increase ▁crop ▁yield . ▁These ▁include ▁fert il izing ▁the ▁fields ▁multiple ▁times ▁throughout ▁the ▁growth ▁stages , ▁pl owing ▁the ▁field ▁after ▁a ▁set ▁amount ▁of ▁har v ests , ▁de - we eding ▁crops , ▁or ▁using ▁oil seed ▁rad ish ▁as ▁a ▁cover ▁crop . ▁The ▁missions ▁system ▁were ▁also ▁updated , ▁allowing ▁the ▁player ▁to ▁do ▁work ▁for ▁other ▁in - game ▁farmers . ▁Other ▁add itions ▁include ▁driv able ▁trains ▁and
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▁an ▁in - game ▁radio . ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁a ▁new ▁expansion ▁pack ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁all ▁platforms . ▁This ▁added ▁a ▁new ▁map , ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁sugar c ane ▁and ▁new ▁vehicles ▁and ▁tools . ▁This ▁was ▁called ▁the ▁pl atinum ▁expansion ▁pack ▁and ▁is ▁free ▁with ▁the ▁season ▁pass ▁which ▁is ▁also ▁available ▁for ▁all ▁platforms . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁Nintendo ▁Switch ▁Edition ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁Nintendo ▁Switch ▁Edition ▁was ▁released ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁exclusively ▁on ▁the ▁Nintendo ▁Switch . ▁It ▁is ▁largely ▁based ▁on ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 7 ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁engine , ▁maps , ▁vehicles ▁etc . ▁No ▁D LC ▁has ▁been ▁released ▁for ▁this ▁title . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 9 ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 9 ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Some ▁key ▁new ▁features ▁include ▁a ▁re des igned ▁graphics ▁engine ▁and ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁horse ▁farming ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁o at ▁and ▁cotton ▁crops . ▁The ▁game ▁also ▁features ▁John ▁De ere ▁machinery ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Kom ats u , ▁R au , ▁Wilson ▁trailer ▁and ▁more . ▁It ▁also ▁features ▁the ▁brand - new ▁John ▁De ere ▁Cot ton ▁D LC ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁newest ▁D LC ▁is ▁the ▁Cl a
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as ▁D LC ▁including ▁a ▁combine ▁and ▁new ▁tract ors ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁on ▁Nintendo ▁Switch ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe , ▁and ▁will ▁be ▁released ▁in ▁Japan ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁It ▁looks ▁to ▁be ▁based ▁on ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 9 ' s ▁rendering ▁engine , ▁and ▁also ▁includes ▁many ▁features ▁from ▁said ▁title . ▁ ▁Mobile ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁the ▁Nintendo ▁ 3 DS , ▁iOS , ▁Android , ▁and ▁Windows ▁Phone ▁devices ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁ 3 DS ▁version ▁also ▁supported ▁new ▁ 3 D ▁graphics . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 4 ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 4 ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁iOS , ▁Android , ▁Nintendo ▁ 3 DS , ▁Windows ▁Phone ▁and ▁Play Station ▁V ita ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁gives ▁a ▁more ▁pol ished ▁and ▁more ▁casual ▁gaming ▁experience ▁on ▁mobile ▁platforms ▁than ▁its ▁predecess ors . ▁There ▁are ▁ 1 0 - 2 0 ▁brands ▁in ▁the ▁game . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 6 ▁
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▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 6 ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁iOS , ▁Android , ▁Windows ▁Phone , ▁and ▁Play Station ▁V ita ▁on ▁May ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 8 ▁ ▁The ▁game ▁was ▁announced ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁the ▁Nintendo ▁ 3 DS , ▁iOS , ▁Android , ▁and ▁Play Station ▁V ita . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁It ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 7 ▁and ▁included ▁all ▁new ▁features ▁of ▁that ▁game ▁with ▁some ▁new ▁features ▁of ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 1 9 . ▁ ▁Farm ing ▁Sim ulator ▁ 2 0 ▁ ▁The ▁game ▁was ▁announced ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁iOS ▁and ▁Android . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : Android ▁( oper ating ▁system ) ▁games ▁Category : F arm ing ▁video ▁games ▁Category : I OS ▁games ▁Category : Mac OS ▁games ▁Category : Open ▁world ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁ 3 ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁V ita ▁games ▁Category : Sim ulation ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Windows ▁games ▁Category : N intendo ▁Switch ▁games ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁Category : X box ▁ 3 6 0 ▁games ▁Category : Multi player ▁and ▁single - player ▁video ▁games ▁Category : X box ▁One ▁games ▁Category : Play
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Station ▁ 4 ▁games ▁Category : L ua - script ed ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Focus ▁Home ▁Inter active ▁games <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁American ▁Ill ustr ation ▁( N MA I ), ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁national ▁museum ▁to ▁be ▁devoted ▁exclusively ▁to ▁American ▁illustr ation ▁artwork . ▁The ▁N MA I ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ' s ▁historic ▁Bel lev ue ▁Avenue ▁in ▁the ▁m ansion ▁Vern on ▁Court , ▁designed ▁by ▁the ▁noted ▁G ild ed ▁Age ▁architecture ▁firm ▁Carr ère ▁and ▁H ast ings . ▁The ▁museum ' s ▁collection ▁contains ▁over ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁original ▁works ▁by ▁noted ▁American ▁illustr ators ▁such ▁as ▁Norman ▁Rock well , ▁Max field ▁Par r ish , ▁J . ▁C . ▁Le y ende cker , ▁N . C . ▁Wy eth , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁N MA I ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁by ▁husband ▁and ▁wife ▁team
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▁Lauren ce ▁S . ▁Cut ler ▁and ▁Jud y ▁G off man ▁Cut ler , ▁with ▁the ▁National ▁Arts ▁Club ▁as ▁its ▁founding ▁institution . ▁The ▁museum ▁opened ▁its ▁doors ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁on ▁July ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Carr ère ▁and ▁H ast ings ▁designed ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁estate ▁in ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁Vern on ▁Court , ▁the ▁adjacent ▁property ▁on ▁Bel lev ue ▁Avenue , ▁Stone acre , ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁museum . ▁ ▁The ▁property ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁demol ished ▁m ansion ▁designed ▁by ▁architect ▁William ▁App leton ▁Pot ter ▁for ▁John ▁W . ▁Ell is ▁that ▁once ▁occupied ▁the ▁site . ▁The ▁grounds ▁for ▁the ▁site ▁were ▁designed ▁by ▁the ▁noted ▁landscape ▁architect ▁Frederick ▁Law ▁Ol m sted , ▁and ▁following ▁the ▁purchase ▁of ▁the ▁site ▁by ▁the ▁N MA I ▁found ers , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁restored ▁as ▁an ▁ar b oret um ▁in ▁Ol m sted ’ s ▁honor . ▁ ▁The ▁Collection ▁The ▁N MA I ’ s ▁American ▁Im ag ist ▁Collection ▁focuses ▁on ▁artwork ▁from ▁the ▁' Gold en ▁Age ▁of ▁American ▁Ill ustr ation ', ▁a ▁period ▁whose ▁hey day ▁dates ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁with ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁Saturday ▁Even ing ▁Post ▁mark ing ▁its ▁ultimate ▁dem ise . ▁ ▁The ▁N MA I ▁features ▁original ▁art ▁created ▁by ▁illustr ators ▁such ▁as ▁Norman ▁Rock
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well , ▁Max field ▁Par r ish , ▁N . C . ▁Wy eth , ▁Howard ▁P yle , ▁J . ▁C . ▁Le y ende cker , ▁and ▁Jess ie ▁Will co x ▁Smith . ▁The ▁illustr ators ▁created ▁images ▁integral ▁to ▁American ▁culture , ▁ranging ▁from ▁the ▁New ▁Year ’ s ▁Baby ▁to ▁Uncle ▁Sam . ▁For ▁these ▁reasons , ▁the ▁N MA I ’ s ▁collection ▁has ▁been ▁named ▁the ▁American ▁Im ag ist ▁Collection . ▁ ▁Not able ▁works ▁by ▁Norman ▁Rock well ▁in ▁the ▁collection ▁include ▁Russian ▁School room ▁and ▁The ▁Run away . ▁ ▁The ▁museum ’ s ▁collection ▁also ▁includes ▁many ▁pieces ▁of ▁art ▁memor abil ia ▁and ▁art ifacts ▁such ▁as ▁Norman ▁Rock well ' s ▁first ▁paint ▁box , ▁Max field ▁Par r ish ’ s ▁st ip pling ▁paint ▁br ushes ▁and ▁a ▁ple th ora ▁of ▁photograph ic ▁materials . ▁ ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁The ▁American ▁Im ag ist ▁Collection ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁Carr ère ▁and ▁H ast ings ▁designed ▁Vern on ▁Court , ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁an ▁ 1 8 th - century ▁French ▁ch ate au ▁( Ch ate au ▁Har ou e ), ▁by ▁architect ▁Germ ain ▁B off rand . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁G ild ed ▁Age , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁sought ▁symbols ▁of ▁its ▁emerging ▁civilization ▁by ▁appropri ating ▁European ▁architect ural ▁styles ▁with ▁French ▁style ▁architecture ▁being ▁considered ▁the ▁consum mate ▁expression ▁of ▁proper ▁architect ural ▁man ners . ▁In ▁that ▁atmosphere
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, ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁by ▁Carr ère ▁and ▁H ast ings ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁summer ▁cottage ▁for ▁a ▁young ▁wid ow , ▁Anna ▁Van ▁N est ▁G amb r ill ▁( 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 2 7 ). ▁ ▁The ▁property ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁G amb r ill ▁family ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁auction ed . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁Junior ▁College , ▁a ▁small ▁all ▁girls ▁college , ▁was ▁founded ▁with ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁school ' s ▁administrative ▁building ▁until ▁its ▁closing ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁decades ▁it ▁passed ▁through ▁several ▁different ▁owners . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Vern on ▁Court ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Museum ▁found ers : ▁Jud y ▁G off man ▁Cut ler ▁and ▁Lauren ce ▁S . ▁Cut ler . ▁ ▁The ▁Frederick ▁Law ▁Ol m sted ▁Park ▁Stone acre ▁( 1 8 8 4 ), ▁ ▁the ▁three ▁acres ▁property ▁opposite ▁Vern on ▁Court , ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁m ansion ▁which ▁once ▁occupied ▁that ▁site . ▁The ▁m ansion ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁architect ▁William ▁A . ▁Pot ter ▁for ▁John ▁W . ▁Ell is . ▁Pot ter ▁recommended ▁Frederick ▁Law ▁Ol m sted ▁( 1 8 2 2 – 1 9 0 3 ) ▁to ▁Mr . ▁Ell is . ▁Stone acre ▁was ▁Ol m
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sted ' s ▁first ▁commission ▁after ▁establishing ▁his ▁office ▁in ▁Brook line ▁and ▁n aming ▁the ▁new ▁profession ▁of ▁landscape ▁architecture , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁first ▁professional ▁landscape ▁architect ural ▁commission . ▁The ▁Stone acre ▁m ansion ▁was ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁to ▁reduce ▁real ▁estate ▁taxes ▁and ▁the ▁grounds ▁lay ▁dorm ant ▁for ▁decades ▁there after , ▁the ▁last ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁open ▁space ▁on ▁Bel lev ue ▁Avenue . ▁Stone acre ▁was ▁purchased ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁by ▁Jud y ▁G off man ▁Cut ler ▁and ▁Lauren ce ▁S . ▁Cut ler ▁with ▁a ▁vision ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁memorial ▁park ▁hon oring ▁Frederick ▁Law ▁Ol m sted , ▁America ' s ▁first ▁professional ▁landscape ▁architect . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁the ▁grounds ▁which ▁include ▁several ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁State ▁Champion ▁trees , ▁were ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁level ▁ 1 ▁ar b oret um ▁by ▁Ar b Net . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁American ▁Ill ustr ation ▁ ▁Category : Art ▁museum s ▁in ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁Category : M useum s ▁of ▁American ▁art ▁Category : Art ▁museum s ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁Category : Mass ▁media ▁museum s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Rh ode ▁Island <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Blue ▁Per il ▁( English ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁title ,
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▁Le ▁P ér il ▁B le u ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁French ▁science ▁fiction ▁novel ▁by ▁Maurice ▁Ren ard . ▁It ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁by ▁Brian ▁St able ford ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁is ▁considered ▁by ▁many ▁to ▁be ▁Ren ard ' s ▁master piece , ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁critic ▁excl aim ing ▁it ▁" st ill ▁reads ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁published ." ▁While ▁a ▁science ▁fiction ▁story , ▁it ▁also ▁comb ines ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁detective ▁and ▁horror ▁gen res . ▁ ▁It ▁features ▁invisible ▁sent ient ▁creatures ▁living ▁high ▁in ▁Earth ' s ▁atmosphere ▁who ▁fish ▁for ▁men ▁the ▁way ▁we ▁do ▁fish , ▁and ▁study ▁the ▁spec im ens ▁they ▁catch . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁The ▁B uge y ▁region ▁of ▁France ▁is ▁a ▁pictures que ▁area ▁in ▁a ▁low ▁series ▁of ▁hills ▁at ▁the ▁tip ▁of ▁the ▁J ura ▁Mountains . ▁Myst er iously , ▁human ▁body ▁parts ▁start ▁to ▁be ▁discovered ▁scattered ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁landscape . ▁ ▁Co inc ident ally , ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁instances ▁of ▁both ▁humans ▁and ▁animals ▁disappe aring . ▁ ▁Init ially , ▁we ▁are ▁led ▁to ▁believe ▁that ▁these ▁are ▁crimes ▁of ▁the ▁natural ▁sort , ▁until ▁it ▁is ▁discovered ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁kidn apped ▁by ▁invisible , ▁eth ere al ▁beings , ▁the ▁Sar v ants , ▁living ▁ ▁above ▁the ▁Earth ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁atmosphere . ▁ ▁It ▁turns ▁out ▁that ▁the ▁whole ▁planet ▁is
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▁covered ▁by ▁a ▁thin , ▁transparent ▁spher ical ▁membr ane ▁that ▁covers ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁way ▁that ▁the ▁earth ' s ▁cr ust ▁covers ▁the ▁mol ten ▁rocks ▁beneath . ▁ ▁Once ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁collected , ▁the ▁humans ▁are ▁disse cted , ▁studied ▁and ▁mounted ▁for ▁display ▁in ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁museum ▁of ▁natural ▁history . ▁Certain ▁bodies ▁are ▁disc arded , ▁and ▁thrown ▁" over board ", ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁the ▁body ▁parts ▁which ▁are ▁found ▁scattered ▁across ▁B uge y . ▁This ▁is ▁un covered ▁through ▁an ▁account ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁pocket ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bodies ▁discovered , ▁written ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁unfortunate ▁enough ▁to ▁have ▁so jour ned ▁with ▁Sar v ants ▁who ▁managed ▁to ▁write ▁and ▁who ▁chose ▁to ▁kill ▁himself ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁be ▁dump ed ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁strat ospher ic ▁dw elling . ▁ ▁After ▁managing ▁to ▁capture ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Sar v ants , ▁the ▁French ▁authorities ▁discover ▁that ▁these ▁en ig matic ▁beings ▁do ▁not ▁exist ▁as ▁individual ▁entities , ▁rather ▁they ▁are ▁a ▁race ▁of ▁tiny ▁insect ile ▁creatures ▁who ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁as semble ▁and ▁dis semble ▁their ▁bodies ▁with ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁form ▁temporary ▁and ▁functional ▁org ans ▁controlling ▁their ▁machines . ▁ ▁Eventually , ▁the ▁Sar v ants ▁accidentally ▁discover ▁that ▁the ▁spec im ens ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁acqu iring ▁are ▁capable ▁of ▁both ▁suffering ▁and ▁rational ▁thought . ▁ ▁This ▁realization ▁leads ▁the ▁Sar v ants ▁to
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▁ce ase ▁their ▁experiments . ▁ ▁The mes ▁ ▁The ▁Blue ▁Per il ▁is ▁not ew orth y ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁early ▁anti - anth rop omorphic ▁treatment ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁science ▁fiction ▁theme ▁regarding ▁the ▁possible ▁existence ▁of ▁superior ▁earth ly ▁life . ▁ ▁In flu ences ▁ ▁The ▁Blue ▁Per il ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁inspiration ▁of ▁other ▁such ▁stories ▁about ▁the ▁Earth ▁being ▁un know ingly ▁occupied ▁by ▁superior ▁al iens , ▁such ▁as ▁Eric ▁Frank ▁Russell ’ s ▁Sin ister ▁Bar rier ▁( 1 9 3 9 ). ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁acknowledged ▁as ▁the ▁central ▁idea ▁for ▁John ▁N ▁R aph ael ' s ▁Up ▁Above ▁( 1 9 1 3 ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁borrow ing ▁( with ▁permission ) ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁details ▁for ▁his ▁story , ▁as ▁was ▁noted ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁page ▁of ▁R aph ael ' s ▁book . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Le ▁P ér il ▁B le u ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁English , ▁by ▁Brian ▁St able ford , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁five - book ▁translation ▁of ▁Ren ard ' s ▁work . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 ▁French ▁novels ▁Category : F rench ▁science ▁fiction ▁novels ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 ▁science ▁fiction ▁novels <0x0A> </s> ▁Christ of ▁K och ▁( ; ▁born ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁German - American ▁neuro sc ient ist ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁work
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▁on ▁the ▁neural ▁bases ▁of ▁consciousness . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁chief ▁scientist ▁of ▁the ▁Allen ▁Institute ▁for ▁Br ain ▁Science ▁in ▁Seattle . ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁California ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁K och ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁Mid western ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Germany , ▁Canada , ▁and ▁Mor oc co . ▁K och ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁German ▁parents ; ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁diplom at , ▁as ▁is ▁his ▁older ▁brother ▁Michael . ▁He ▁was ▁raised ▁as ▁a ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁and ▁attended ▁a ▁Jes uit ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Mor oc co . ▁He ▁received ▁a ▁PhD ▁in ▁sciences ▁for ▁his ▁works ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁non linear ▁information ▁processing ▁from ▁the ▁Max ▁Plan ck ▁Institute ▁in ▁T ü bing en , ▁Germany , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁▁ ▁K och ▁worked ▁for ▁four ▁years ▁at ▁the ▁Art ificial ▁Intelligence ▁Labor atory ▁at ▁MIT ▁before ▁joining , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁the ▁newly ▁started ▁Comput ation ▁and ▁Ne ural ▁Systems ▁PhD ▁program ▁at ▁the ▁California ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology . ▁ ▁Career ▁K och ▁has ▁auth ored ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 0 ▁scientific ▁papers ▁and ▁five ▁books ▁about ▁how ▁computers ▁and ▁neur ons ▁process ▁information ▁. ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁K och ▁and ▁Sh im on ▁U ll man ▁proposed ▁the ▁idea
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▁of ▁a ▁visual ▁sal i ency ▁map ▁in ▁the ▁prim ate ▁visual ▁system . ▁Sub sequently , ▁his ▁then ▁PhD - student , ▁La urent ▁It ti , ▁and ▁K och ▁developed ▁a ▁popular ▁suite ▁of ▁visual ▁sal i ency ▁algorithms . ▁ ▁For ▁over ▁two ▁decades , ▁K och ▁and ▁his ▁students ▁have ▁carried ▁out ▁detailed ▁bi oph ys ical ▁simulations ▁of ▁the ▁electrical ▁properties ▁of ▁neur onal ▁tissue , ▁from ▁sim ulating ▁the ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁action ▁potential ▁propag ation ▁along ▁ax ons ▁and ▁d end rit es ▁to ▁the ▁synt hesis ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁field ▁potential ▁and ▁the ▁E E G ▁from ▁the ▁electrical ▁activity ▁of ▁large ▁populations ▁of ▁exc itable ▁neur ons . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁K och ▁has ▁argued ▁that ▁identifying ▁the ▁mechan istic ▁basis ▁of ▁consciousness ▁is ▁a ▁scientific ally ▁tract able ▁problem , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁ ▁influential ▁in ▁arguing ▁that ▁consciousness ▁can ▁be ▁approached ▁using ▁the ▁modern ▁tools ▁of ▁neuro bi ology . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁student ▁N ao ▁Ts uch i ya ▁invented ▁continuous ▁flash ▁supp ression , ▁an ▁efficient ▁psych oph ys ical ▁mask ing ▁technique ▁for ▁rendering ▁images ▁invisible ▁for ▁many ▁seconds . ▁They ▁have ▁used ▁this ▁technique ▁to ▁argue ▁that ▁select ive ▁attention ▁and ▁consciousness ▁are ▁distinct ▁phen omena , ▁with ▁distinct ▁biological ▁functions ▁and ▁mechanisms . ▁ ▁K och ' s ▁primary ▁collabor ator ▁in ▁the ▁ende avor ▁of ▁loc ating ▁the ▁neural ▁correl ates ▁of ▁consciousness ▁was ▁the ▁molecular ▁bi ologist
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▁turned ▁neuro sc ient ist , ▁Francis ▁Cr ick , ▁starting ▁with ▁their ▁first ▁paper ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁their ▁last ▁one , ▁that ▁Cr ick ▁edited ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁of ▁his ▁death , ▁July ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁on ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁cl a ustr um , ▁a ▁mysterious ▁an atom ical ▁structure ▁situated ▁underneath ▁the ▁ins ular ▁cort ex , ▁and ▁consciousness . ▁ ▁Over ▁the ▁last ▁decade , ▁K och ▁has ▁worked ▁closely ▁with ▁the ▁psychiat rist ▁and ▁neuro sc ient ist ▁Gi ul io ▁Ton oni . ▁K och ▁advoc ates ▁for ▁a ▁modern ▁variant ▁of ▁pan ps ych ism , ▁the ▁ancient ▁philosoph ical ▁belief ▁that ▁some ▁form ▁of ▁consciousness ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁all ▁things . ▁Ton oni ' s ▁Integr ated ▁Information ▁Theory ▁( I IT ) ▁of ▁consciousness ▁diff ers ▁from ▁classical ▁pan ps ych ism ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁only ▁asc rib es ▁consciousness ▁to ▁things ▁with ▁some ▁degree ▁of ▁irre duc ible ▁cause - effect ▁power , ▁which ▁does ▁not ▁include ▁" a ▁bunch ▁of ▁dis connected ▁neur ons ▁in ▁a ▁dish , ▁a ▁heap ▁of ▁sand , ▁a ▁galaxy ▁of ▁stars ▁or ▁a ▁black ▁hole ," ▁and ▁by ▁providing ▁an ▁analyt ical ▁and ▁emp ir ically ▁accessible ▁framework ▁for ▁understanding ▁experience ▁and ▁its ▁mechan istic ▁origins . ▁He ▁and ▁Ton oni ▁claim ▁that ▁I IT ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁problem ▁in ▁conce iving ▁how ▁one ▁mind ▁can ▁be ▁composed ▁of ▁an ▁aggregate
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▁of ▁" sm aller " ▁minds , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁combination ▁problem . ▁His ▁paper ▁with ▁Ton oni ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁accessible ▁current ▁introduction ▁to ▁I IT . ▁ ▁K och ▁writes ▁a ▁popular ▁column , ▁Con scious ness ▁Red ux , ▁for ▁Scient ific ▁American ▁Mind ▁on ▁scientific ▁and ▁popular ▁topics ▁pert aining ▁to ▁consciousness . ▁ ▁K och ▁co - found ed ▁the ▁Method s ▁in ▁Comput ational ▁Ne uro science ▁summer ▁course ▁at ▁the ▁Marine ▁Bi ological ▁Labor atory ▁in ▁Woods ▁H ole ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁the ▁Ne ur omorphic ▁Engineering ▁summer ▁school ▁in ▁Tell ur ide , ▁Colorado ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁the ▁D ynamic ▁Br ain ▁summer ▁course ▁at ▁the ▁Friday ▁Harbor ▁Labor ator ies ▁on ▁San ▁Juan ▁Island ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁All ▁three ▁summer ▁schools ▁continue ▁to ▁be ▁taught . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁K och ▁became ▁the ▁chief ▁scientist ▁and ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Allen ▁Institute ▁for ▁Br ain ▁Science , ▁leading ▁their ▁ ▁ten - year ▁project ▁concerning ▁high - through put ▁large - scale ▁cort ical ▁coding . ▁The ▁mission ▁is ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁comput ations ▁that ▁lead ▁from ▁phot ons ▁to ▁behavior ▁by ▁observ ing ▁and ▁modeling ▁the ▁physical ▁transform ations ▁of ▁signals ▁in ▁the ▁visual ▁brain ▁of ▁beh aving ▁m ice . ▁The ▁project ▁seeks ▁to ▁ ▁c atalogue ▁all ▁the ▁building ▁blocks ▁( ca . ▁ 1 0 0 ▁distinct ▁cell ▁types ) ▁of
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▁the ▁then ▁visual ▁cort ical ▁regions ▁and ▁associated ▁structures ▁( thal am us , ▁col lic ulus ) ▁and ▁their ▁dynamics . ▁The ▁scientists ▁seek ▁to ▁know ▁what ▁the ▁animal ▁sees , ▁how ▁it ▁thinks , ▁and ▁how ▁it ▁decides . ▁They ▁seek ▁to ▁map ▁out ▁the ▁mur ine ▁mind ▁in ▁a ▁quant itative ▁manner . ▁The ▁Allen ▁Institute ▁for ▁Br ain ▁Science ▁currently ▁ ▁em plo ys ▁about ▁ 3 0 0 ▁scientists , ▁engineers , ▁techn ologists ▁and ▁supporting ▁personnel . ▁The ▁first ▁eight ▁years ▁of ▁this ▁ten - year ▁ende avor ▁to ▁build ▁brain ▁observ ator ies ▁were ▁funded ▁by ▁a ▁don ation ▁more ▁than ▁$ 5 0 0 ▁million ▁by ▁Microsoft ▁founder ▁and ▁phil anth rop ist ▁Paul ▁G . ▁Allen . ▁ ▁K och ▁is ▁a ▁pro ponent ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁consciousness ▁emerging ▁out ▁of ▁complex ▁nervous ▁networks . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁published ▁a ▁short ▁discussion ▁work , ▁In ▁which ▁I ▁argue ▁that ▁consciousness ▁is ▁a ▁fundamental ▁property ▁of ▁complex ▁things , ▁where ▁he ▁introduced ▁the ▁concept ▁that ▁consciousness ▁is ▁a ▁fundamental ▁property ▁of ▁network ed ▁entities , ▁and ▁therefore ▁cannot ▁be ▁derived ▁from ▁anything ▁else , ▁since ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁simple ▁substance . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁K och ▁is ▁a ▁veget arian , ▁a ▁bicy cl ist , ▁and ▁an ▁experienced ▁rock ▁clim ber . ▁ ▁Books ▁Method s ▁in ▁Ne ur onal ▁Model ing : ▁From ▁I ons ▁to ▁Network s , ▁The ▁MIT ▁Press , ▁( 1 9 9
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8 ), ▁ ▁Bi oph ys ics ▁of ▁Comput ation : ▁Information ▁Process ing ▁in ▁Single ▁Ne ur ons , ▁Oxford ▁Press , ▁( 1 9 9 9 ), ▁ ▁The ▁Quest ▁for ▁Con scious ness : ▁a ▁Ne uro bi ological ▁Appro ach , ▁Roberts ▁and ▁Co ., ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁ ▁Con scious ness : ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁Rom antic ▁Red uction ist , ▁The ▁MIT ▁Press , ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁▁ ▁The ▁Fe eling ▁of ▁Life ▁It self ▁- ▁Why ▁Con scious ness ▁is ▁W ides pread ▁but ▁Can ' t ▁be ▁Comput ed , ▁The ▁MIT ▁Press , ▁( 2 0 1 9 ), ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁at ▁the ▁California ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁Ne ural ▁Cor rel ates ▁of ▁Con scious ness , ▁Sch olar ped ia ▁article ▁by ▁K och . ▁K och ' s ▁Current ▁Book ▁Blog ▁ ▁Mult imedia ▁▁▁ ▁Online ▁lecture ▁videos ▁from ▁an ▁under graduate ▁course ▁taught ▁by ▁K och ▁on ▁the ▁neuro bi ological ▁basis ▁of ▁consciousness . ▁M oth ▁talk ▁about ▁K och ' s ▁relationship ▁to ▁God , ▁death ▁and ▁Francis ▁Cr ick . ▁Inter view ▁with ▁historian ▁Harry ▁Kre iss ler ▁at ▁U C ▁Berkeley , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Inter view ▁on ▁the ▁Br ain ▁Science ▁Pod cast , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Inter view ▁on ▁the ▁Point ▁of ▁In quiry ▁Pod cast , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Christ of
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▁K och ▁on ▁the ▁neuro science ▁of ▁reading ▁and ▁the ▁" m ovie " ▁in ▁your ▁" mind " ▁A ▁short ▁presentation ▁on ▁Con scious ness ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁Z ür ich ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁neuro sc ient ists ▁Category : Con scious ness ▁researchers ▁and ▁the or ists ▁Category : Cal ifornia ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁faculty ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : Pan ps ych ism ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sun ▁is ▁an ▁album ▁by ▁The ▁Cat ▁Empire ▁recorded ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁follow - up ▁to ▁their ▁album ▁Live ▁@ ▁Ad el ph ia . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁never ▁released ▁for ▁retail ▁sale ▁but ▁was ▁sold ▁at ▁performances ▁during ▁their ▁American ▁tour ▁and , ▁as ▁such , ▁there ▁are ▁very ▁few ▁authentic ▁copies ▁of ▁the ▁album . ▁According ▁to ▁Felix ▁R ie bl ▁( v oc als ▁and ▁per cussion ), ▁he ▁himself ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁album : ▁" To ▁be ▁honest , ▁I ▁know ▁next ▁to ▁nothing ▁about ▁this ▁album , ▁but ▁I ▁know ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁Cat ▁Empire ▁fans ▁who ▁want ▁to ▁know ▁which ▁songs ▁the ▁album ▁has ▁and ▁that ▁much , ▁I ▁do ▁know ." ▁ ▁Ryan ▁Mon ro , ▁The ▁Cat ▁Empire ' s ▁bass ist , ▁claims ▁to ▁own ▁one ▁or ▁two ▁copies ▁of
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▁the ▁album . ▁ ▁Many ▁tracks ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁have ▁been ▁re - record ed ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁later ▁record ings . ▁▁ ▁" The ▁R hythm ", ▁" The ▁Ch ari ot ", ▁" The ▁Crow d ", ▁and ▁" Hello " ▁were ▁re - record ed ▁and ▁included ▁in ▁their ▁official ▁self - t itled ▁debut ▁album . ▁▁ ▁" W anted ▁to ▁Write ▁a ▁Love ▁Song " ▁was ▁a ▁b - side ▁on ▁their ▁second ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁self - t itled ▁era , ▁Days ▁Like ▁These . ▁▁ ▁" Two ▁Sh oes " ▁and ▁" The ▁Night ▁That ▁Never ▁End " ▁were ▁both ▁re - record ed ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁their ▁second ▁album , ▁Two ▁Sh oes . ▁▁ ▁Different ▁versions ▁of ▁" The ▁Mother ▁Place " ▁and ▁" R h yme ▁and ▁Re ason " ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁found ▁as ▁b - s ides ▁on ▁singles ▁from ▁the ▁Two ▁Sh oes ▁era . ▁▁ ▁" S ong ▁For ▁the ▁Day " ▁was ▁re - record ed ▁for ▁their ▁third ▁album ▁C ities . ▁▁ ▁The ▁i T unes ▁' ex clusive ▁bonus ▁track ' ▁release ▁of ▁So ▁Many ▁N ights ▁includes ▁the ▁original ▁" R h yme ▁and ▁Re ason " ▁as ▁track ▁ 1 5 , ▁adding ▁' ( Dem o )' ▁after ▁the ▁track ▁name . ▁ ▁" The ▁Ch ari ot " ▁and ▁" Two ▁Sh oes " ▁were ▁both ▁released ▁in ▁their ▁original ▁form ▁on ▁T apes , ▁Break s ▁and ▁Out - T
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akes . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁the ▁track ▁" The ▁Sun " ▁on ▁the ▁On ▁The ▁Att ack ▁bonus ▁CD , ▁the ▁collection ▁can ▁almost ▁be ▁pie ced ▁together ▁from ▁other ▁albums . ▁ ▁Cop ies ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁have ▁been ▁boot le gged ▁on ▁the ▁online ▁auction ▁site ▁e Bay , ▁being ▁sold ▁for ▁many ▁times ▁its ▁original ▁value . ▁A ▁signed ▁copy ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁$ 9 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁a ▁copy ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁$ 2 6 0 . ▁In ▁the ▁past ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁copies ▁go ▁for ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁$ 4 5 0 . ▁Most ▁recently ▁on ▁e Bay ▁Australia ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁genuine ▁release ▁that ▁sold ▁for ▁over ▁$ 1 7 0 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" The ▁Mother ▁Place " ▁– ▁ 3 : 1 9 ▁ ▁" The ▁R hythm " ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 8 ▁ ▁" R h yme ▁and ▁Re ason " ▁– ▁ 5 : 1 4 ▁ ▁" The ▁Ch ari ot " ▁– ▁ 5 : 2 7 ▁ ▁" The ▁Crow d " ▁– ▁ 5 : 2 7 ▁ ▁" Two ▁Sh oes " ▁– ▁ 5 : 3 1 ▁ ▁" W anted ▁to ▁Write ▁a ▁Love ▁Song " ▁– ▁ 6 : 4 9 ▁ ▁" S ong ▁For ▁The ▁Day " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 8 ▁ ▁" The ▁Night ▁That ▁Never ▁End s " ▁– ▁
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4 : 3 8 ▁ ▁" Hello " ▁– ▁ 5 : 0 7 ▁ ▁" The ▁Sun " ▁– ▁ 6 : 5 5 ▁ ▁' Sam pler ' ▁prom o ▁ ▁A ▁four ▁track ▁promot ional ▁disc ▁simply ▁titled ▁Sam pler ▁was ▁also ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁It ▁contains ▁four ▁tracks ▁from ▁The ▁Sun , ▁and ▁a ▁fold out ▁book let ▁with ▁information ▁such ▁as ▁highlights , ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁band ▁' mission '. ▁The ▁front ▁cover ▁contains ▁the ▁trad emark ▁genre ▁description : ▁ ▁The ▁disc ▁artwork ▁is ▁a ▁grey scale ▁version ▁of ▁The ▁Sun , ▁with ▁' The ▁Sun ' ▁being ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁word ▁' Sam pler ' ▁on ▁the ▁disc . ▁The ▁front ▁cover ▁does ▁not ▁include ▁an ▁album ▁name , ▁yet ▁simply ▁has ▁" 1 0 0 % ▁Australian ▁Made " ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁words ▁' The ▁Sun '. ▁The ▁back ▁cover ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁The ▁Sun , ▁featuring ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁band , ▁but ▁with ▁no ▁track ▁list . ▁Again , ▁it ▁is ▁in ▁grey scale . ▁▁▁ ▁" Hello " ▁– ▁ 5 : 0 7 ▁ ▁" The ▁Mother ▁Place " ▁– ▁ 3 : 1 9 ▁ ▁" The ▁Crow d " ▁– ▁ 5 : 2 7 ▁ ▁" W anted ▁to ▁Write ▁a ▁Love ▁Song " ▁– ▁ 6 : 4 9 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Cat ▁Empire ▁website ▁ ▁The ▁Cat ▁Empire ▁F an ▁Blog ▁disc ography ▁entry ▁ ▁The
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▁Sun ▁at ▁Disc ogs ▁ ▁Category : The ▁Cat ▁Empire ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Auch in le ish ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ang us , ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Ang us <0x0A> </s> ▁On ▁the ▁evening ▁of ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁fire fig h ters ▁in ▁Buffalo , ▁New ▁York ▁responded ▁to ▁a ▁call ▁regarding ▁a ▁prop ane ▁gas ▁leak . ▁Short ly ▁after ▁their ▁arrival , ▁the ▁prop ane ▁ign ited , ▁level ing ▁a ▁warehouse ▁and ▁causing ▁a ▁wide ▁sw ath ▁of ▁damage . ▁ ▁Five ▁fire fig h ters ▁and ▁two ▁civ ilians ▁were ▁killed ▁in ▁the ▁blast , ▁and ▁left ▁dozens ▁more ▁injured . ▁The ▁event ▁remains ▁the ▁largest ▁single ▁day ▁loss ▁of ▁life ▁for ▁the ▁Buffalo ▁Fire ▁Department . ▁ ▁Expl os ion ▁At ▁ 2 0 : 2 3 ▁hours , ▁the ▁Buffalo ▁( NY ) ▁Fire ▁Department ▁responded ▁to ▁a ▁reported ▁prop ane ▁leak ▁in ▁a ▁four - story ▁radi ator ▁warehouse ▁located ▁to ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁North ▁Division ▁and ▁G ros ven or ▁streets . ▁This ▁building ▁was ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁Type ▁III ▁ordinary ▁and ▁Type ▁IV ▁heavy ▁tim ber ▁construction ▁that ▁was ▁approximately ▁ 5 0 ▁feet ▁x ▁ 1 0 0 ▁feet . ▁Engine ▁ 3 2 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁arrive ▁on ▁scene ▁and ▁reported ▁nothing ▁showing . ▁Short ly ▁after ▁Tru ck ▁ 5 , ▁Engine ▁ 1 , ▁and
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▁the ▁Third ▁Batt alion ▁arrived . ▁Batt alion ▁Chief ▁Supp le ▁assumed ▁incident ▁command . ▁ ▁Th irty - seven ▁seconds ▁after ▁the ▁chief ▁announced ▁his ▁arrival , ▁the ▁prop ane ▁tank ▁det on ated . ▁The ▁explosion ▁level ed ▁the ▁four - story ▁building ▁and ▁demol ished ▁other ▁structures ▁within ▁a ▁four - block ▁radius . ▁Ser iously ▁damaged ▁buildings ▁were ▁noted ▁over ▁a ▁half ▁a ▁mile ▁away . ▁The ▁en su ing ▁fire ball ▁started ▁buildings ▁burning ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁streets . ▁A ▁large ▁g oth ic ▁church ▁on ▁the ▁next ▁block ▁had ▁a ▁huge ▁section ▁ripped ▁out . ▁A ▁ten - story ▁housing ▁project ▁several ▁hundred ▁feet ▁away ▁had ▁every ▁window ▁broken . ▁ ▁Engine ▁ 3 2 ▁and ▁Tru ck ▁ 5 ' s ▁fire house , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁half ▁mile ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁explosion , ▁had ▁all ▁its ▁windows ▁sh attered . ▁▁ ▁The ▁force ▁of ▁the ▁blast ▁threw ▁Lad der ▁ 5 , ▁an ▁a erial ▁till er , ▁nearly ▁ 3 5 ▁feet ▁into ▁the ▁front ▁yard ▁of ▁a ▁dw elling , ▁instantly ▁killing ▁all ▁five ▁crew ▁members ▁( fire fig h ters ▁Mike ▁Austin , ▁Mic key ▁Cat anz aro , ▁Red ▁L ick feld , ▁Tony ▁Was zk iele w icz , ▁and ▁Mat ty ▁Col po ys ). ▁ ▁Two ▁civ ilians , ▁Alfred ▁and ▁Jess ie ▁Arnold , ▁were ▁also ▁killed ▁as ▁they ▁sat ▁in ▁their ▁living ▁room ▁of ▁their ▁home , ▁which ▁neighb ored ▁the ▁warehouse . ▁Engine ▁
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1 ▁was ▁thrown ▁across ▁the ▁street , ▁inj uring ▁the ▁captain ▁and ▁driver ▁inside ▁the ▁cab ▁and ▁pin ning ▁them ▁inside ▁among ▁burning ▁debris . ▁Engine ▁ 3 2 ▁was ▁slammed ▁against ▁the ▁warehouse , ▁and ▁buried ▁in ▁rub ble . ▁Ele ven ▁fire fig h ters ▁were ▁injured ▁in ▁the ▁initial ▁blast , ▁several ▁of ▁them ▁crit ically . ▁During ▁the ▁rescue ▁efforts , ▁ 1 9 ▁more ▁fire fig h ters ▁were ▁injured ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁ad verse ▁weather ▁conditions . ▁Over ▁ 1 5 0 ▁civ ilians ▁were ▁transport ed ▁to ▁hospitals ▁for ▁injuries ▁suffered ▁in ▁the ▁explosion ▁and ▁many ▁more ▁were ▁treated ▁at ▁the ▁scene . ▁ ▁C ause ▁After ▁an ▁investigation , ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁the ▁warehouse ▁was ▁housing ▁an ▁illegal ▁ 5 0 0 g all on . ▁prop ane ▁tank . ▁An ▁employee ▁was ▁attempting ▁to ▁move ▁the ▁tank ▁to ▁another ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁warehouse ▁when ▁it ▁slipped ▁off ▁the ▁for kl ift , ▁breaking ▁the ▁val ve . ▁The ▁le aking ▁gas ▁filled ▁the ▁entire ▁structure ▁with ▁prop ane ▁and ▁the ▁gas ▁found ▁an ▁unknown ▁ign ition ▁source . ▁ ▁Memorial ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁memorial ▁at ▁fire ▁call ▁box ▁ 1 9 1 ▁at ▁the ▁intersection ▁of ▁where ▁the ▁tragedy ▁occurred . ▁Each ▁year ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁at ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁h rs , ▁the ▁Fire ▁Department ▁rings ▁out ▁the ▁alarm ▁ 1 - 9 - 1 ▁to ▁honor ▁the ▁five ▁fire fig h ters
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▁of ▁Lad der ▁ 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ex pl os ions ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Category : Ex pl os ions ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 th ▁century ▁in ▁Buffalo , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Rebecca ▁T rest on ▁( born ▁February ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁better ▁known ▁by ▁her ▁ring ▁name ▁Rebecca ▁" Be ck y " ▁Bay less , ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁wrest ler , ▁currently ▁working ▁for ▁independent ▁promot ions ▁such ▁as ▁Women ' s ▁Ext reme ▁Wrest ling , ▁Wrest ling ▁Super st ars ▁Un le ashed , ▁Wrest lic ious , ▁and ▁Women ▁Super st ars ▁Un c ens ored . ▁In ▁the ▁past ▁she ▁has ▁worked ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁major ▁independent ▁promot ions , ▁primarily ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁( RO H ), ▁Full ▁Impact ▁Pro , ▁and ▁Sh immer ▁Women ▁Athlet es . ▁She ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁working ▁for ▁Total ▁Non stop ▁Action ▁Wrest ling ▁( T NA ) ▁under ▁the ▁ring ▁name ▁C ookie ▁and ▁for ▁RO H ▁and ▁Sh immer ▁as ▁a ▁back stage / in - ring ▁interview er . ▁ ▁Career ▁Prior ▁to ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁accident , ▁Bay less ▁was ▁initially ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁val et ▁for ▁wrest lers , ▁particularly ▁Jimmy ▁Jac obs , ▁and ▁mostly ▁in ▁Com bat ▁Zone ▁Wrest ling ▁and
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▁I WA - M id ▁South , ▁but ▁occasionally ▁wrest led ▁for ▁promot ions . ▁This ▁includes ▁during ▁one ▁ 3 - way ▁tag ▁team ▁match ▁in ▁Mid ▁South ▁where ▁during ▁a ▁point ▁when ▁many ▁wrest lers ▁performed ▁' D ives ' ▁off ▁an ▁announce ▁position , ▁Bay less ▁herself ▁le aped ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁participating ▁wrest lers , ▁including ▁the ▁ones ▁she ▁was ▁managing , ▁shortly ▁followed ▁by ▁comment ator ▁Dave ▁P raz ak ▁and ▁the ▁ref eree ▁of ▁the ▁match . ▁ ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁( 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 4 ; ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Bay less ▁made ▁her ▁debut ▁in ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor ▁( RO H ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Special ▁K ▁stable ▁as ▁a ▁val et . ▁During ▁her ▁time ▁she ▁wrest led ▁occasionally , ▁including ▁losses ▁to ▁Alex is ▁L are e . ▁The ▁high ▁point ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁was ▁Bay less ' ▁involvement ▁in ▁the ▁break - up ▁of ▁the ▁stable ▁in ▁the ▁later ▁part ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁After ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁losses ▁suffered ▁by ▁her ▁team mates , ▁she ▁began ▁arguing ▁with ▁fellow ▁stable mate ▁L ace y . ▁This ▁ultimately ▁leading ▁to ▁cat ▁fights ▁after ▁matches , ▁and ▁eventually ▁the ▁break - up ▁on ▁RO H ' s ▁show ▁on ▁December ▁ 4 ▁when ▁after ▁a ▁six - man ▁tag ▁team ▁loss ▁to ▁three ▁RO H ▁wrest ling ▁school ▁students , ▁the ▁team ▁of ▁Iz
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zy , ▁Der anged ▁and ▁L ace y ▁turned ▁on ▁D ix ie , ▁Angel ▁D ust ▁and ▁Bay less . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁month , ▁December ▁ 2 6 , ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁would ▁meet ▁in ▁a ▁mixed ▁tag ▁tam ▁match , ▁where ▁Bay less ▁would ▁be ▁p inned ▁by ▁L ace y . ▁Following ▁a ▁severe ▁autom obile ▁accident , ▁this ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁last ▁Bay less ▁would ▁be ▁seen ▁anywhere ▁in ▁wrest ling ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁years , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁was ▁written ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁story line . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Bay less ▁returned ▁to ▁RO H ▁and ▁to ▁pro ▁wrest ling ▁at ▁RO H ' s ▁January ▁ 2 6 ▁event , ▁conducting ▁an ▁in - ring ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁then ▁new ▁RO H ▁World ▁Champion ▁H omic ide . ▁Bay less ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁role ▁as ▁back stage ▁and ▁in - ring ▁interview er ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁her ▁time ▁with ▁Ring ▁of ▁Honor , ▁regularly ▁being ▁seen ▁on ▁DVD ▁releases ▁in ▁prom os ▁and ▁interview ▁segments , ▁and ▁on ▁RO H ▁Video W ire ▁updates ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁roles . ▁ ▁Wrest lic ious ▁( 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 0 ) ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Bay less ▁signed ▁with ▁Jimmy ▁Hart ' s ▁Wrest lic ious ▁series , ▁which ▁began ▁air ing ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁She ▁debut ed ▁on ▁the ▁fifth ▁episode ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 1 ,
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▁under ▁the ▁ring ▁name ▁Bro oke ▁Lyn n , ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁co - host ▁of ▁Take ▁Down , ▁replacing ▁Le y la ▁Mil ani , ▁who ▁was ▁in active ▁due ▁to ▁schedul ing ▁issues . ▁Lyn n ▁made ▁her ▁in - ring ▁debut ▁facing ▁Alex andra ▁the ▁Great ▁in ▁a ▁losing ▁effort ▁via ▁dis qual ification ▁when ▁K ick start ▁K atie ▁attacked ▁Alex andra . ▁Lyn n ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 ▁wrest lers ▁competing ▁in ▁the ▁" H o ed own ▁Throw down " ▁ 2 0 - girl ▁battle ▁royal ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁two ▁cont enders ▁for ▁the ▁Wrest lic ious ▁T aked own ▁title , ▁elim inating ▁Charlotte , ▁the ▁Southern ▁B elle ▁before ▁being ▁eliminated ▁by ▁Alex andra . ▁On ▁the ▁May ▁ 1 9 ▁episode ▁of ▁T aked own , ▁Lyn n ▁cost ▁K ick start ▁K atie ▁her ▁submission ▁match ▁against ▁Alex andra ▁the ▁Great . ▁She ▁ended ▁up ▁losing ▁when ▁L ace y ▁Von ▁Er ich ▁put ▁Lyn n ▁in ▁the ▁Von ▁Er ich ▁Cl aw ▁to ▁make ▁her ▁drop ▁her ▁towel ▁and ▁give ▁Alex andra ▁the ▁victory ▁over ▁K atie . ▁She ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁team ▁up ▁with ▁Az izza ▁against ▁A mber ▁L ively ▁and ▁Mar ley ▁but ▁claimed ▁that ▁L ace y ▁Von ▁Er ich ▁injured ▁her ▁during ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁match . ▁They ▁would ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁The ▁L unch ▁Lad ies . ▁ ▁Women ▁Super st ars ▁Un c ens ored ▁( 2 0
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0 7 – present ) ▁Since ▁her ▁return , ▁Bay less ▁has ▁had ▁a ▁long - standing ▁fe ud ▁with ▁A lic ia ▁in ▁Wrest ling ▁Super st ars ▁Un le ashed , ▁and ▁in ▁their ▁sister ▁all - w omen ' s ▁promotion ▁Women ▁Super st ars ▁Un c ens ored . ▁This ▁cum ulated ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁with ▁a ▁loss ▁in ▁a ▁No - D Q ▁grud ge ▁match ▁for ▁the ▁W SU ▁Women ' s ▁Title ▁which ▁was ▁b illed ▁as ▁A lic ia ' s ▁retirement ▁match . ▁The ▁next ▁night ▁Bay less ▁and ▁A lic ia ▁revealed ▁that ▁their ▁fe ud ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁plan ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁other ▁look ▁good ▁in ▁the ▁ring . ▁A lic ia ▁attempted ▁to ▁hand ▁her ▁title ▁to ▁Bay less , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁interrupted ▁by ▁Tam my ▁Lyn n ▁S yt ch ▁who ▁stopped ▁their ▁plan , ▁and ▁following ▁an ▁imp rom pt u ▁match ▁S yt ch ▁won ▁the ▁title ▁herself . ▁Since ▁then ▁Bay less ▁has ▁fe uded ▁with ▁S yt ch , ▁and ▁also ▁Da wn ▁Marie ▁and ▁Miss y ▁Hy att ▁who ▁were ▁brought ▁in ▁as ▁managers / op ponents ▁against ▁Bay less . ▁The ▁fe ud ▁included ▁a ▁double ▁turn ▁in ▁Bay less ' ▁match ▁against ▁Marie ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁J - C up ▁Tour nament , ▁with ▁Bay less ▁turning ▁face ▁due ▁to ▁Marie ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁vill ain
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ous ▁character , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁S yt ch ▁becoming ▁a ▁he el ▁manager ▁for ▁Marie . ▁ ▁She ▁left ▁W SU ▁in ▁mid - 2 0 1 0 ▁when ▁she ▁signed ▁with ▁T NA ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁but ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁she ▁left ▁T NA , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁W SU ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁resume ▁her ▁fe ud ▁with ▁Rick ▁Catal do , ▁defe ating ▁him ▁on ▁W SU ▁i PP V . ▁Bay less ▁quickly ▁got ▁a ▁shot ▁at ▁the ▁W SU ▁Spirit ▁Championship , ▁but ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁Jess ick a ▁Hav ok . ▁At ▁the ▁W SU ' s ▁ 5 th ▁Ann iversary ▁Show ▁pay - per - view , ▁Bay less ▁lost ▁to ▁Jennifer ▁Cruz ▁after ▁Cruz ▁used ▁the ▁ro pes . ▁ ▁Total ▁Non stop ▁Action ▁Wrest ling ▁( 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 1 ) ▁On ▁the ▁June ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁episode ▁of ▁T NA ▁Impact ! , ▁Bay less ▁made ▁a ▁one - off ▁appearance ▁as ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁Aw esome ▁Kong ' s ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁F an ▁Challenge ▁along ▁with ▁fellow ▁wrest lers ▁A mber ▁O ' Ne al , ▁and ▁D aff ney ▁who ▁was ▁picked ▁for ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁August ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁tap ings ▁of ▁Impact ! ▁T rest on , ▁working ▁under ▁the
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▁name ▁C ookie ▁with ▁a ▁g imm ick ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁television ▁show ▁Jersey ▁Sh ore , ▁managed ▁Rob bie ▁E ▁in ▁a ▁dark ▁match , ▁where ▁he ▁defeated ▁Jeremy ▁Buck . ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁T NA ▁had ▁signed ▁T rest on ▁to ▁a ▁contract . ▁On ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁August ▁ 2 6 ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁v ign ettes ▁began ▁air ing ▁to ▁promote ▁C ookie ' s ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁E ' s ▁upcoming ▁debut s . ▁Prior ▁to ▁their ▁telev ised ▁debut s , ▁C ookie ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁E ▁made ▁an ▁appearance ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 4 ▁at ▁T NA ' s ▁live ▁event ▁at ▁The ▁Arena ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁interrupt ing ▁Jeremy ▁Bor ash ▁and ▁insult ing ▁the ▁crowd , ▁before ▁Rob bie ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁a ▁match ▁by ▁Rh ino . ▁At ▁the ▁following ▁day ' s ▁event ▁in ▁Rah way , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁C ookie ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁interrupted ▁M ick ▁F ole y , ▁before ▁Rob bie ▁was ▁again ▁defeated ▁in ▁a ▁match ▁against ▁Rh ino , ▁with ▁F ole y ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁special ▁guest ▁ref eree . ▁Rob bie ▁and ▁C ookie ▁made ▁their ▁telev ised ▁debut s ▁on ▁the ▁October ▁ 7 ▁live ▁episode ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁cutting ▁a ▁prom o ▁insult ing ▁the ▁Florida ▁crowd . ▁The ▁following ▁Sunday ▁at ▁B ound ▁for ▁Gl ory , ▁the ▁two ▁made ▁their ▁pay - per - view ▁debut s , ▁when
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▁Rob bie ▁attacked ▁X ▁Division ▁Champion ▁Jay ▁L eth al ▁after ▁his ▁title ▁match ▁with ▁Douglas ▁Williams , ▁claiming ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁dis gr ace ▁to ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁C ookie ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁gained ▁mainstream ▁attention ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁edition ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁when ▁C ookie ▁had ▁a ▁cat ▁fight ▁with ▁Jersey ▁Sh ore ▁cast ▁member ▁Jenn i ▁" J W ow w " ▁Far ley . ▁On ▁November ▁ 7 ▁at ▁Turn ing ▁Point , ▁C ookie ▁helped ▁Rob bie ▁defeat ▁Jay ▁L eth al ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁T NA ▁X ▁Division ▁Championship . ▁On ▁the ▁following ▁edition ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁C ookie ▁made ▁her ▁telev ised ▁in - ring ▁debut ▁in ▁a ▁tag ▁team ▁match , ▁where ▁she ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁defeated ▁L eth al ▁and ▁Taylor ▁Wil de . ▁On ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁December ▁ 1 6 ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁Rob bie ▁lost ▁the ▁X ▁Division ▁Championship ▁back ▁to ▁L eth al , ▁after ▁Christ y ▁Hem me ▁came ▁out ▁and ▁prevented ▁C ookie ▁from ▁inter fer ing ▁in ▁the ▁match . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁C ookie ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁became ▁em bro iled ▁in ▁a ▁fe ud ▁with ▁X ▁Division ▁Champion ▁Kaz arian ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Tr aci ▁Brook s . ▁On ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁March ▁ 3 ▁of ▁Impact ! , ▁C ookie ▁and ▁Rob bie ▁aligned ▁themselves ▁with ▁former ▁Jersey ▁Sh ore ▁cast ▁member ▁Angel ina ▁P iv arn ick , ▁with ▁whom ▁they ▁bond ed ▁through ▁their
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▁mutual ▁dis like ▁of ▁Jenn i ▁" J W ow w " ▁Far ley , ▁whom ▁P iv arn ick ▁proceed ed ▁to ▁challenge ▁to ▁a ▁match . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁C ookie ▁team ed ▁with ▁P iv arn ick ▁and ▁Sar ita ▁in ▁a ▁six ▁knock out ▁tag ▁team ▁match , ▁where ▁they ▁were ▁defeated ▁by ▁Angel ina ▁Love , ▁Vel vet ▁Sky ▁and ▁Winter . ▁On ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁August ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁Impact ▁Wrest ling , ▁Rob bie ▁broke ▁up ▁with ▁C ookie , ▁after ▁she ▁in ad vert ently ▁cost ▁him ▁his ▁match ▁against ▁X ▁Division ▁Champion ▁Brian ▁K end rick . ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 6 , ▁T rest on ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁part ed ▁ways ▁with ▁T NA , ▁reported ly ▁after ▁the ▁promotion ▁decided ▁not ▁to ▁renew ▁her ▁contract . ▁ ▁Other ▁promot ions ▁( 2 0 0 7 – present ) ▁In ▁Sh immer ▁Women ▁Athlet es , ▁a ▁sister ▁promotion ▁to ▁RO H , ▁Bay less ▁ful filled ▁the ▁same ▁on - camera ▁role ▁she ▁has ▁in ▁RO H ▁as ▁an ▁in - ring ▁and ▁back stage ▁interview er ▁for ▁the ▁company , ▁alongside ▁Val erie ▁Mal one ▁and ▁A mber ▁G ert ner . ▁Bay less ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁The ▁Y RR ▁stable ▁in ▁Full ▁Impact ▁Pro , ▁in ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁a ▁val et , ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁occasional ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁company , ▁she ▁may ▁or ▁may ▁not ▁have ▁left ▁the ▁stable ▁or ▁have ▁been ▁written ▁out ▁of
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▁it . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁On ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Bay less ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁severe ▁autom obile ▁accident . ▁Bay less ▁suffered ▁internal ▁bru ising , ▁a ▁spr ained ▁an kle , ▁nerve ▁damage ▁to ▁her ▁neck ▁and ▁also ▁injured ▁her ▁rot ator ▁c uff ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁Prior ▁to ▁this ▁Bay less ▁was ▁planning ▁to ▁study ▁overseas ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁these ▁plans ▁were ▁cancelled . ▁ ▁Championships ▁and ▁accomplish ments ▁Pro ▁Wrest ling ▁Ill ustr ated ▁P WI ▁ranked ▁her ▁ 3 7 ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁ 5 0 ▁female ▁singles ▁wrest lers ▁in ▁the ▁P WI ▁Fem ale ▁ 5 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Texas ▁Wrest ling ▁Entertainment ▁T WE ▁Texas ▁Lad ies ▁Championship ▁( 1 ▁time ) ▁USA ▁Pro ▁Wrest ling ▁Miss ▁USA ▁Pro ▁Beaut y ▁Cont est ▁W inner ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁T NA ▁Wrest ling ▁profile ▁Online ▁World ▁of ▁Wrest ling ▁Profile ▁Official ▁Ar rest ▁Report ▁on ▁D UI ▁Ch arge ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁female ▁professional ▁wrest lers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Queens , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁T ampa , ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁Ser ix ia ▁tor r ida ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cer amb yc idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Francis
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▁Pol king hor ne ▁Pas co e ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁Bor neo . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ser ix ia ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁List ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁list ings ▁in ▁Ontario ▁County , ▁New ▁York ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁complete ▁list ▁of ▁properties ▁and ▁districts ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Ontario ▁County , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁The ▁locations ▁of ▁National ▁Register ▁properties ▁and ▁districts ▁( at ▁least ▁for ▁all ▁showing ▁lat itude ▁and ▁long itude ▁coordinates ▁below ) ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁a ▁map ▁by ▁clicking ▁on ▁" Map ▁of ▁all ▁coordinates ". ▁One ▁property , ▁B ought on ▁Hill , ▁is ▁further ▁designated ▁a ▁National ▁Historic ▁Land mark . ▁ ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁County - wide ▁list ings ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁list ings ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ontario ▁County ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁Se ed ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Canadian ▁horror ▁film ▁written , ▁produced , ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁U we ▁B oll . ▁Fil ming ▁ran ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 7 ▁to ▁ ▁August ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Canada , ▁on ▁a ▁$ 1 0 ▁million ▁budget . ▁ ▁Plot ▁As ▁a ▁boy , ▁a ▁re clusive ▁and ▁ant is
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ocial ▁S uff ert on ▁resident , ▁Max ▁Se ed , ▁was ▁dis fig ured ▁in ▁a ▁school ▁bus ▁crash ▁that ▁killed ▁everyone ▁else ▁involved ▁in ▁it . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁Se ed ▁began ▁tort uring ▁and ▁murder ing ▁people , ▁film ing ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁victims ▁star ving ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁his ▁locked ▁basement , ▁and ▁ultimately ▁r acking ▁up ▁a ▁body count ▁of ▁ 6 6 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁Se ed ▁is ▁arrested ▁by ▁Detect ive ▁Matt ▁Bishop ▁in ▁a ▁sie ge ▁that ▁claims ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁five ▁of ▁Bishop ' s ▁fellow ▁officers . ▁Se ed ▁is ▁sent enced ▁to ▁death ▁by ▁electric ▁chair , ▁and ▁inc ar cer ated ▁on ▁an ▁island ▁prison , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁model ▁in mate , ▁only ▁acting ▁out ▁when ▁he ▁kills ▁three ▁guards ▁who ▁try ▁to ▁rape ▁him . ▁ ▁On ▁Se ed ' s ▁execution ▁date , ▁the ▁electric ▁chair ▁fails ▁to ▁kill ▁him ▁after ▁two ▁sh ocks . ▁Not ▁wanting ▁Se ed ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁state ▁law ▁that ▁says ▁any ▁convicted ▁criminal ▁who ▁surv ives ▁three ▁j ol ts ▁of ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁vol ts ▁each ▁for ▁ 4 5 ▁seconds ▁walks , ▁the ▁prison ▁staff ▁and ▁Bishop ▁declare ▁Se ed ▁dead ▁and ▁b ury ▁him ▁alive ▁in ▁the ▁prison ▁c emetery . ▁A ▁few ▁hours ▁later , ▁Se ed ▁dig s ▁his ▁way ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁grave ▁and ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁prison
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, ▁where ▁he ▁kills ▁the ▁execution er , ▁doctor , ▁and ▁w arden ▁before ▁swimming ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁main land . ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁while ▁investig ating ▁the ▁mass acre , ▁Bishop ▁real izes ▁Se ed ▁was ▁responsible ▁when ▁he ▁disco vers ▁the ▁serial ▁killer ' s ▁empty ▁c emetery ▁plot . ▁ ▁Over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁several ▁months ▁Se ed ▁kills ▁dozens ▁of ▁people , ▁with ▁one ▁long ▁shot ▁showing ▁him ▁beating ▁a ▁bound ▁woman ▁with ▁a ▁l umber jack ' s ▁ax e ▁for ▁five ▁straight ▁minutes . ▁One ▁day , ▁a ▁vide ot ape ▁showing ▁Bishop ' s ▁house ▁is ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁detective ' s ▁office . ▁Know ing ▁this ▁means ▁Se ed ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁go ▁after ▁his ▁family , ▁Bishop ▁races ▁home , ▁finding ▁his ▁wife , ▁Sandy , ▁and ▁daughter , ▁Emily , ▁gone , ▁and ▁the ▁four ▁officers ▁charged ▁with ▁guard ing ▁the ▁house ▁dis member ed ▁in ▁the ▁bathroom . ▁ ▁D riving ▁to ▁Se ed ' s ▁old ▁residence , ▁Bishop ▁is ▁l ured ▁into ▁a ▁basement ▁room ▁containing ▁a ▁television ▁and ▁a ▁video ▁camera , ▁and ▁locked ▁inside . ▁The ▁television ▁turns ▁on , ▁and ▁dep icts ▁Se ed ▁with ▁Sandy ▁and ▁Emily . ▁Emily ▁inform s ▁Bishop ▁that ▁Se ed ▁wants ▁Bishop ▁to ▁shoot ▁himself , ▁but ▁Sandy ▁tells ▁him ▁not ▁to ▁do ▁it , ▁claiming ▁Se ed ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁kill ▁them ▁anyway . ▁Bishop ▁tries ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁by ▁having ▁Se ed ▁shoot ▁him ▁himself , ▁but ▁Se
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ed ▁does ▁not ▁accept ▁it ▁and ▁kills ▁Sandy ▁with ▁a ▁nail ▁gun , ▁prompt ing ▁Bishop ▁into ▁shooting ▁himself ▁in ▁the ▁head , ▁believing ▁that ▁doing ▁so ▁will ▁make ▁Se ed ▁release ▁his ▁daughter . ▁Instead , ▁Se ed ▁takes ▁the ▁daughter ▁to ▁the ▁room ▁containing ▁her ▁father ' s ▁cor pse , ▁and ▁locks ▁her ▁in ▁it , ▁leaving ▁both ▁of ▁them ▁to ▁die . ▁As ▁Emily ▁so bs ▁for ▁her ▁two ▁dead ▁parents , ▁the ▁film ▁ends ▁as ▁Se ed ▁is ▁free ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁killing ▁sp ree ▁with ▁no ▁end . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Will ▁Sand erson ▁as ▁Max well ▁" Max " ▁Se ed ▁Michael ▁Par é ▁as ▁Detect ive ▁Matthew ▁Bishop ▁R alf ▁M ö ll er ▁as ▁W arden ▁Arnold ▁Cal gro ve ▁J od elle ▁Fer land ▁as ▁Emily ▁Bishop ▁The a ▁Gill ▁as ▁Sand ra ▁Bishop ▁Andrew ▁Jackson ▁as ▁Doctor ▁Parker ▁W ick son ▁Brad ▁Turner ▁as ▁Officer ▁Thompson ▁Phill ip ▁Mitchell ▁as ▁Officer ▁Sim pson ▁Mike ▁Dop ud ▁as ▁Officer ▁Fly nn ▁John ▁Sam pson ▁as ▁Officer ▁Ward ▁Ty ron ▁Le it so ▁as ▁Officer ▁Jeff ery ▁Michael ▁E kl und ▁as ▁Execut ion er ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁shown ▁on ▁the ▁Week end ▁of ▁F ear ▁Festival ▁in ▁Er lang en , ▁Germany ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Director ▁U we ▁B oll ▁was ▁there ▁to ▁present ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁also ▁to ▁answer ▁questions . ▁Before ▁the ▁film ▁started ▁B oll ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁brut ality
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▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁Furthermore , ▁he ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁P ET A , ▁who ▁receive ▁ 2 . 5 % ▁of ▁worldwide ▁sales ▁of ▁the ▁film , ▁made ▁arch ival ▁record ings ▁of ▁animal ▁cruel ty ▁available ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁in ▁Se eds ▁introduction , ▁though ▁this ▁footage ▁was ▁obsc ured ▁on - screen . ▁B oll ▁stated ▁that ▁this ▁alter ation ▁had ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁processing ▁laboratory ▁without ▁his ▁knowledge . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Jonathan ▁Mel ton ▁of ▁the ▁Eye ▁for ▁Film ▁gave ▁the ▁rating ▁of ▁one ▁star ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁explaining ▁" end less ▁fault s " ▁with ▁the ▁film : ▁" the ▁characters ▁are ▁un interest ing ▁and ▁forget table , ▁the ▁dialogue ▁is ▁almost ▁non - ex istent , ▁the ▁plot ▁is ▁r idd led ▁with ▁holes . ▁In ▁short , ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁good ▁movie ▁( the ▁lowest ▁rating ▁on ▁Eye ▁For ▁Film ▁is ▁one ▁star , ▁but ▁if ▁I ▁could ▁I ▁would ▁give ▁it ▁less ). " ▁The ▁DVD ▁release , ▁which ▁besides ▁the ▁film ▁includes ▁trailer ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁Execut ing ▁Se ed ▁feature t te , ▁was ▁also ▁struck ▁down ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁five ▁score . ▁The ▁review ▁states ▁that ▁" al most ▁by ▁accident , ▁[ the ▁feature t te ] ▁man ages ▁to ▁tell ▁you ▁more ▁about ▁a ▁film ▁set ▁than ▁dozens ▁of ▁other ▁behind ▁the ▁scenes ▁features ▁on ▁better ▁films ." ▁The ▁DVD ▁also ▁includes ▁a ▁short ▁film ▁by ▁Richard ▁G ale ▁titled ▁Crit ic ized ▁and ▁Advent
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▁R ising , ▁a ▁video ▁game . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Best ▁Special ▁Effect s ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Hor ror ▁Film ▁Festival ▁ ▁Sequ el ▁A ▁sequ el , ▁directed ▁by ▁Marcel ▁Wal z ▁and ▁entitled ▁Blood ▁Valley : ▁Se ed ' s ▁Rev enge , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁B oll , ▁and ▁stars ▁Caroline ▁Williams , ▁Christ a ▁Campbell , ▁Nick ▁Prin cipe , ▁J ared ▁Dem et ri ▁Luc iano , ▁Man ous h , ▁Natal ie ▁Sche etz , ▁Ann ika ▁Stra uss , ▁and ▁Sarah ▁Hay den . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁horror ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁sl as her ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁films ▁about ▁revenge ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁U we ▁B oll ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁cruel ty ▁to ▁animals ▁Category : Ex plo itation ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁urban ▁leg ends ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁capital ▁punishment ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁on ▁islands ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : People ▁for ▁the ▁Eth ical ▁Treat ment ▁of ▁Anim als ▁Category : Can
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ad ian ▁non linear ▁narrative ▁films ▁Category : Pol ice ▁detective ▁films ▁Category : Pr ison ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁serial ▁killer ▁films ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁sl as her ▁films ▁Category : Sn uff ▁films ▁in ▁fiction ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁spl atter ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mont en egr in ▁Cup ▁for ▁Women ▁( Mont en egr in : ▁K up ▁Cr ne ▁G ore ▁za ▁ž ene ) ▁is ▁the ▁national ▁women ' s ▁association ▁football ▁cup ▁competition ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro . ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁seven ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁Women ' s ▁League . ▁ ▁History ▁After ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁Mont en egr in ▁Women ' s ▁League ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁Football ▁Association ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro ▁organ ised ▁the ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁Mont en egr in ▁Women ' s ▁Cup ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 ▁season . ▁The ▁inaug ural ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁Mont en egr in ▁Women ' s ▁Cup ▁had ▁seven ▁participants , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁being ▁the ▁quarter fin als . ▁The ▁first ▁winner ▁of ▁Mont en egr in ▁Cup ▁was ▁Ž F K ▁Ek onom ist . ▁ ▁Fin als ▁The ▁fin als ▁played ▁so ▁far ▁are : ▁ ▁Tro ph ies ▁by ▁team ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Mont en egr in ▁Women ' s ▁League ▁Football ▁Association ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Football
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▁in ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Mont en egr in ▁Cup ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Football ▁Association ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro ▁ ▁Mont en eg ro ▁Cup ▁Cup ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁sports ▁compet itions ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro <0x0A> </s> ▁Sal aw as ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁a ▁main ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁J od h pur ▁district , ▁Raj as than . ▁Its ▁code ▁is ▁S Z . ▁It ▁serves ▁Sal aw as ▁city . ▁The ▁station ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁platform . ▁ ▁It ▁lack s ▁many ▁facilities ▁including ▁water ▁and ▁san itation . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁approximately ▁ 8 km ▁from ▁J od h pur ▁railway ▁station . ▁The ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁under ▁the ▁administrative ▁control ▁of ▁North ▁Western ▁Railway ▁of ▁Indian ▁Rail ways . ▁ ▁Major ▁Tr ains ▁▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁important ▁trains ▁that ▁runs ▁from ▁Sal aw as ▁are ▁: ▁ ▁Ah med abad ▁J od h pur ▁Pass enger ▁( Un Res erved ) ▁A j mer ▁- ▁J od h pur ▁Fast ▁Pass enger ▁ ▁Bar mer ▁- ▁J od h pur ▁DM U ▁ ▁Bar mer ▁J od h pur ▁Pass enger ▁( Un Res erved ) ▁ ▁Bh ild i ▁J od h pur ▁Dem u ▁J od h pur ▁- ▁Pal an pur ▁DM U ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁J od h pur ▁district ▁Category : Transport ▁in ▁J od h pur ▁Category : J od h pur ▁railway
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▁division ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁J od h pur ▁Category : J od h pur <0x0A> </s> ▁M K U ▁is ▁a ▁three - letter ▁initial ism ▁which ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Must af a ▁K em al ▁University , ▁in ▁Hat ay ▁Province , ▁Turkey ▁ ▁Island ▁Air ▁( H aw ai i )' s ▁I CA O ▁air line ▁code . ▁ ▁Mad ur ai ▁K amar aj ▁University ▁in ▁India . ▁ ▁M t ▁Kenya ▁University ▁ ▁M K U ▁( company ) ▁an ▁Indian ▁manufacturing ▁company ▁▁ ▁M K : U , ▁a ▁planned ▁under graduate ▁campus ▁of ▁Cr an field ▁University ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁in ▁Mil ton ▁Ke yn es , ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁Le ▁Pet it ▁Cir que ▁et ▁autres ▁cont es ▁( The ▁Little ▁Circ us ▁and ▁Other ▁T ales ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁French ▁package ▁film . ▁It ▁is ▁ 5 0 ▁minutes ▁long ▁and ▁contains ▁the ▁following ▁seven ▁short ▁films ▁for ▁young ▁children ▁and ▁their ▁families ▁from ▁the ▁Fol image ▁studio : ▁ ▁Au ▁cl air ▁de ▁la ▁l une , ▁a ▁stop ▁motion ▁animation ▁by ▁Pas cal ▁Le ▁N ô tre ▁ ▁Le ▁Pet it ▁Cir que ▁de ▁toutes ▁les ▁cou le urs , ▁a ▁stop ▁motion ▁animation ▁by ▁Jacques - R é my ▁Gir erd ▁ ▁N os ▁ad ieux ▁au ▁music - hall , ▁a ▁past am ation ▁by ▁La urent ▁P ou vare t ▁ ▁Le ▁Prince ▁des ▁joy aux , ▁a
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