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▁was ▁Team ▁Lamb o . ▁The ▁brothers ▁from ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁Allen ▁and ▁Bill ▁Wu , ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁consistent ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁rally . ▁They ▁captured ▁ 5 ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 ▁imm unity ▁tokens ▁available ▁during ▁the ▁race , ▁and ▁finished ▁first ▁to ▁fully ▁avoid ▁the ▁challenge ▁on ▁another ▁day . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁their ▁strategy ▁included ▁moving ▁Bull run ▁signs ▁to ▁conf use ▁other ▁teams , ▁iss uing ▁fake ▁Im mun ity ▁C ards , ▁and ▁turning ▁various ▁disadv ant ages ▁into ▁advantages ▁- ▁like ▁being ▁pulled ▁over ▁by ▁police ▁for ▁a ▁thorough ▁search , ▁then ▁getting ▁the ▁police ▁to ▁give ▁them ▁a ▁private ▁escort ▁through ▁the ▁local ▁community . ▁ ▁Team ▁NS X ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁runner - up ▁for ▁Season ▁ 3 , ▁finishing ▁just ▁ 5 ▁minutes ▁behind ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁day ▁of ▁competition . ▁The ▁ex - mil itary ▁friends ▁from ▁Mand an , ▁North ▁Dakota , ▁Ryan ▁Morris ▁and ▁Nic ▁Cruz , ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁competition ▁days ▁- ▁including ▁the ▁crucial ▁nin th ▁day , ▁thus ▁ensuring ▁their ▁presence ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁group ▁of ▁three ▁in ▁the ▁competition . ▁ ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁runner - up ▁for ▁Season ▁ 3 . ▁The ▁father - d aughter ▁team ▁from ▁Roll a , ▁Missouri , ▁Mark ▁and ▁Julia ▁Jan os , ▁had ▁to ▁compete ▁in ▁ 6 ▁elim ination ▁challenges ▁during ▁the ▁rally , ▁using ▁the ▁combination |
▁of ▁drivers ' ▁skill ▁and ▁horse power ▁to ▁avoid ▁elim ination . ▁A ▁mis c ue ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁day ▁held ▁them ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁traffic ▁jam ▁between ▁Al amed a ▁and ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁ ▁The ▁time ▁lost ▁there , ▁coupled ▁with ▁the ▁time ▁bon uses ▁that ▁teams ▁NS X ▁and ▁Lamb o ▁earned ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁challenge , ▁cause ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁to ▁finish ▁a ▁full ▁hour ▁and ▁two ▁minutes ▁behind ▁Team ▁Lamb o , ▁earning ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁place ▁overall ▁finish . ▁ ▁El im ination ▁Chall eng es ▁As ▁in ▁Season ▁ 2 , ▁teams ▁are ▁eliminated ▁through ▁a ▁Challenge ▁Event , ▁with ▁a ▁time ▁bonus ▁challenge ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁episode . ▁▁ ▁Team ▁V W ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' J et ▁Res c ue ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁and ▁Team ▁Must ang . ▁Team ▁Vi per ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Cor ona - d ow nt own ▁Los ▁Angeles - M oj ave ▁Air plane ▁Gr ave yard , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Chall enger ▁and ▁V W ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Team ▁Cor v ette ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Roll er ball ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁BM W ▁and ▁Team ▁Hum mer . ▁ ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁California |
▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁M oj ave ▁Air plane ▁Gr ave yard - L ag una ▁Lake ▁in ▁San ▁Luis ▁Ob is po - Contin ental ▁Gr ain ▁Company ▁in ▁Lem o ore - E agle ▁Air ▁Field ▁in ▁Fire b augh , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Cor v ette ▁and ▁BM W ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Team ▁Vi per ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' He ist ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁and ▁Team ▁Hum mer . ▁ ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁E agle ▁Air ▁Field ▁in ▁Fire b augh - The ▁D uck ▁P ond ▁in ▁Pal o ▁Al to - How ard ▁Land ing ▁in ▁Wal nut ▁Gro ve - S ac r amento ▁R aily ard , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁H emi - C uda ▁and ▁Vi per ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁When ▁Lamb o ▁revealed ▁their ▁imm unity ▁token , ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁then ▁chose ▁Team ▁Hum mer . ▁ ▁Team ▁Mini ▁was ▁the ▁fourth ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Th under ▁Run ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁and ▁Team ▁Hum mer . ▁ ▁Team ▁NS X ▁finished ▁first ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁to ▁Nevada ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Sac r amento ▁R aily ard - The ▁Little ▁C ottage ▁C af é ▁in ▁Tw ain ▁Har te |
- G len ▁Brook ▁Pier ▁in ▁Lake ▁T ah oe - L ittle ▁John ' s ▁W reck ing ▁Y ard ▁in ▁Cars on ▁City , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁to ▁join ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Lamb o ▁and ▁Lex us ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁revealed ▁the ▁imm unity ▁token ▁to ▁avoid ▁the ▁challenge , ▁and ▁the ▁next ▁lowest ▁team , ▁Mini , ▁was ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Sl ings hot ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁BM W ▁and ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁Nevada ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Little ▁John ' s ▁W reck ing ▁Y ard ▁in ▁Cars on ▁City - un spec ified ▁location ▁( a ▁private ▁house ) ▁in ▁L uning - un spec ified ▁location ▁( a ▁church ▁parking ▁lot ) ▁in ▁Austin - F ern ly ▁Race way ▁in ▁Ren o , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Must ang ▁and ▁BM W ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁When ▁Chall enger ▁revealed ▁their ▁imm unity ▁token , ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁then ▁chose ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁was ▁the ▁sixth ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Switch bl ade ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁NS X ▁and ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁finished ▁first ▁in |
▁the ▁tri - state ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Fern ly ▁Race way ▁in ▁Ren o ▁NV - High ▁Des ert ▁State ▁Pr ison ▁in ▁Susan ville ▁CA - Can by ▁CA - L ake view ▁Drag strip ▁in ▁Lake view ▁OR , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁H emi - C uda ▁and ▁Lex us ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁When ▁Lamb o ▁revealed ▁their ▁imm unity ▁token , ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁then ▁chose ▁Team ▁NS X . ▁Team ▁Chall enger ▁was ▁the ▁seventh ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' K id n ap ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁BM W ▁and ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁Oregon ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Lake view - Christ mas ▁Valley - Al f alf a - O ak ridge ▁Industrial ▁Park ▁in ▁Oak ridge ▁OR , ▁and ▁chose ▁Team ▁NS X ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁Chall enger ▁and ▁BM W ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁When ▁NS X ▁revealed ▁their ▁imm unity ▁token , ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁then ▁chose ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁BM W ▁was ▁the ▁e ighth ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' Block ade ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁NS X ▁and ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁Oregon ▁to ▁California ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Oak ridge - Union ▁Creek - O ' B rien - |
S isk i you ▁Motor ▁Speed way ▁in ▁Y re ka , ▁CA . ▁ ▁This ▁leg , ▁as ▁will ▁the ▁legs ▁after ▁it ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁an ▁imm unity ▁w rench ▁for ▁anyone ▁to ▁gain . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁unusual ▁twist , ▁Lamb o ▁handed ▁their ▁right - of - choice ▁to ▁Team ▁Hum mer , ▁who ▁picked ▁the ▁only ▁remaining ▁team , ▁H emi - C uda , ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁bottom ▁teams ▁BM W ▁and ▁NS X ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁Team ▁Hum mer ▁was ▁the ▁nin th ▁team ▁eliminated ▁after ▁running ▁slow est ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 - way ▁' R ing ▁of ▁Fire ' ▁challenge ▁with ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁and ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda . ▁Team ▁NS X ▁earned ▁the ▁only ▁by e ▁from ▁the ▁challenge , ▁finishing ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁California ▁driving ▁leg ▁of ▁Y re ka - the ▁Sam oa ▁D unes ▁near ▁E ure ka - H ay f ork - Sh asta ▁Race way ▁Park ▁in ▁Anderson . ▁The ▁Season ▁ 3 ▁finale ' s ▁( ep is ode ▁ 1 0 ) ▁challenge ▁was ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁challenge ▁in ▁Se asons ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁challenge ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁California ▁driving ▁legs ▁of ▁Anderson - Al amed a - ch all enge - L omb ard ▁Street ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco - F isher man ' s ▁Wh ar f ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco - |
U SS ▁Horn et ▁in ▁Al amed a . ▁ ▁The ▁challenge ▁did ▁not ▁determine ▁elim inations , ▁but ▁rather ▁all ▁three ▁remaining ▁teams ▁competed ▁in ▁a ▁' R und own ' ▁challenge ▁for ▁time ▁bon uses ▁to ▁be ▁sub tract ed ▁from ▁their ▁overall ▁driving ▁leg ▁times , ▁ 2 0 ▁minutes ▁for ▁ 1 st ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁challenge ▁( Team ▁NS X ), ▁ 1 0 ▁minutes ▁for ▁ 2 nd ▁( Team ▁Lamb o ) ▁and ▁no ▁bonus ▁for ▁ 3 rd ▁( Team ▁H emi - C uda ). ▁ ▁Car ▁troubles ▁▁ ▁Episode ▁ 1 : ▁Team ▁Volk sw agen ▁had ▁engine ▁problems ▁early ▁on ▁in ▁the ▁driving ▁leg ▁causing ▁the ▁car ▁to ▁fill ▁with ▁smoke . ▁They ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁fix ▁it ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁road ▁and ▁carry ▁on . ▁During ▁the ▁challenge ▁the ▁st arter ▁failed ▁and ▁the ▁team ▁had ▁to ▁push ▁start ▁it ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁last ▁place ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 2 : ▁No ▁car ▁troubles . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 3 : ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁got ▁bad ▁gas ▁and ▁was ▁stuck ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁minutes ▁on ▁the ▁free way ▁causing ▁them ▁to ▁come ▁in ▁ 2 nd ▁to ▁last ▁place . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 4 : ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁lost ▁power ▁while ▁driving ▁through ▁the ▁high ▁mountain ▁pass ▁on ▁this ▁leg . ▁ ▁The ▁same ▁team ▁had ▁trouble ▁restart ing ▁their ▁car ▁during ▁the ▁challenge ▁event , ▁almost ▁elim inating ▁them . ▁ |
▁Episode ▁ 5 : ▁Team ▁Must ang ▁finished ▁last ▁in ▁the ▁leg ▁after ▁running ▁very ▁low ▁on ▁gas ▁and ▁s iph oning ▁fuel ▁( with ▁permission ) ▁from ▁some ▁AT V s . ▁ ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁received ▁some ▁passenger ▁front ▁f ender ▁damage ▁b oun cing ▁off ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁trucks ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁challenge ▁event . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 6 : ▁Team ▁H emi - C uda ▁had ▁water ▁in ▁their ▁gas ▁tank , ▁bringing ▁the ▁car ▁to ▁a ▁full ▁stop . ▁They ▁lost ▁more ▁time ▁dr illing ▁a ▁hole ▁in ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁gas ▁tank ▁to ▁drain ▁the ▁water y ▁gas , ▁and ▁still ▁more ▁time ▁stopping ▁to ▁repair ▁the ▁hole . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lex us ▁lost ▁time ▁when ▁pulling ▁a ▁U - turn ▁on ▁a ▁highway ▁and ▁getting ▁stuck ▁in ▁a ▁d itch . ▁ ▁Team ▁Lamb o ▁lost ▁time ▁when ▁pulled ▁over ▁by ▁police . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 7 : ▁As ▁the ▁Bull run ners ▁moved ▁through ▁Oregon , ▁Te ams ▁BM W , ▁Chall enger , ▁Lamb o ▁and ▁NS X ▁were ▁pulled ▁over ▁at ▁different ▁times ▁by ▁local ▁police . ▁While ▁all ▁teams ▁were ▁let ▁go ▁with ▁warnings ▁and ▁occasional ▁directions , ▁they ▁did ▁lose ▁time ▁while ▁pulled ▁over . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 8 : ▁No ▁car ▁troubles . ▁All ▁Bull run ners ▁did ▁lose ▁time ▁avoiding ▁a ▁forest ▁fire , ▁resulting ▁in ▁longer ▁times ▁for ▁everyone . ▁ ▁Episode ▁ 9 : ▁Team ▁NS X ▁had ▁some ▁clutch ▁problems ▁at ▁the |
▁start ▁of ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁They ▁found ▁that ▁their ▁clutch ▁fluid ▁reserv oir ▁was ▁empty ▁and ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁quickly ▁ref ill ▁and ▁proceed . ▁ ▁Show ▁Cars ▁The ▁challenge ▁demonstr ation ▁car ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 ▁of ▁ 1 ▁" B ull run ▁Edition " ▁Shel by ▁Must ang . ▁ ▁Production ▁Bull run ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Bull run ▁Produ ctions , ▁Mal o of ▁Television ▁and ▁R ocket ▁Science ▁Labor ator ies . ▁ ▁Season ▁One ▁was ▁produced ▁for ▁Sp ike . ▁ ▁Season ▁Two ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Bull run ▁Produ ctions ▁for ▁Speed ▁Channel , ▁with ▁original ▁air ings ▁from ▁February ▁through ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Bull run ▁found ers ▁David ▁Green ▁and ▁Andrew ▁Duncan ▁executive ▁produced ▁the ▁show . ▁Grace ▁Stevens ▁was ▁the ▁super v ising ▁producer . ▁ ▁Season ▁Three ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Bull run ▁Produ ctions ▁for ▁Speed ▁Channel , ▁with ▁original ▁air ings ▁from ▁February ▁through ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Bull run ▁R ally ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Bull run ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Bull run ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁winners ▁Team ▁Hall ▁N ▁N ass ▁S NT L ▁Car ▁Life ▁Bull run ▁spons or ▁| ▁V ivid ▁Racing ▁press ▁release ▁ ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Bull run ▁founder ▁Andy ▁Duncan ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Bull run ▁website ▁▁▁ ▁Category : R oad ▁rally ing ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁American ▁television |
▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : S pi ke ▁( TV ▁network ) ▁original ▁programming <0x0A> </s> ▁Fur ka ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁a ▁met re ▁gauge ▁railway ▁station ▁at ▁the ▁eastern ▁portal ▁of ▁the ▁Fur ka ▁Sum mit ▁T unnel , ▁in ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁U ri , ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁from ▁that ▁point ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁by ▁the ▁Fur ka ▁Ober al p ▁Bahn ▁( FO ), ▁which ▁connect s ▁Brig ▁in ▁Val ais , ▁via ▁And erm att ▁in ▁U ri , ▁with ▁G ö schen en , ▁U ri , ▁and ▁Dis ent is / Must ér , ▁Gra ub ünd en . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁the ▁original ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁FO ▁between ▁Ober wald ▁in ▁Val ais ▁and ▁Real p ▁in ▁U ri , ▁including ▁the ▁Fur ka ▁railway ▁station , ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁an ▁FO ▁line ▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁then ▁new ▁Fur ka ▁Base ▁T unnel . ▁ ▁The ▁supers ed ed ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁FO ▁line ▁was ▁abandoned . ▁ ▁Since ▁, ▁the ▁abandoned ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁FO ▁line ▁has ▁been ▁progress ively ▁re op ened ▁from ▁Real p , ▁as ▁a ▁heritage ▁railway ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Fur ka ▁C og wheel ▁Steam ▁Railway ▁( DF B ). ▁ ▁On ▁, ▁the ▁D FB ▁was ▁extended ▁from ▁its ▁then ▁temporary ▁termin us ▁at ▁T ief en bach ▁to ▁Fur ka ▁via |
▁the ▁Ste inst af el ▁Vi ad uct , ▁and ▁the ▁station ▁at ▁Fur ka ▁was ▁re op ened . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁building , ▁recon struct ed ▁for ▁the ▁re op ening , ▁houses ▁a ▁small ▁restaurant , ▁public ▁conven iences , ▁and ▁a ▁modern ▁block ▁system ▁to ▁control ▁saf ew ork ing ▁in ▁the ▁Sum mit ▁T unnel . ▁ ▁On ▁, ▁the ▁D FB ▁was ▁extended ▁further , ▁from ▁Fur ka ▁to ▁G let sch , ▁via ▁the ▁Fur ka ▁Sum mit ▁T unnel . ▁ ▁Fur ka ▁is ▁the ▁summit ▁of ▁the ▁D FB ▁line , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁highest ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁cant on ▁of ▁U ri . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁general ▁rule , ▁D FB ▁steam ▁loc omot ives ▁travel ▁down hill ▁with ▁the ▁driving ▁cab ▁facing ▁in ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁travel , ▁to ▁optim ise ▁water ▁levels ▁in ▁the ▁loc omot ives ' ▁bo ilers . ▁ ▁A ▁D FB ▁steam ▁loc omot ive ▁operating ▁a ▁train ▁between ▁Real p ▁and ▁G let sch ▁therefore ▁usually ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁turned ▁on ▁Fur ka ' s ▁restored ▁tur nt able , ▁in ▁preparation ▁for ▁its ▁descent . ▁ ▁Rail ▁services ▁to ▁Fur ka ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁T ief en bach ▁hal ting ▁point , ▁Switzerland ▁Fur ka ▁Sum mit ▁T unnel ▁Fur ka ▁Base ▁T unnel ▁Fur ka ▁Ober al p ▁Bahn ▁Fur ka ▁C og wheel ▁Steam ▁Railway ▁List ▁of ▁highest ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ |
▁Fur ka ▁C og wheel ▁Steam ▁Railway ▁▁ ▁M atter horn ▁Got th ard ▁Bahn ▁▁ ▁Official ▁tim et able ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁cant on ▁of ▁U ri ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁W orm s ▁City ▁Museum ▁( G erman ▁- ▁Museum ▁der ▁Stadt ▁W orm s ▁or ▁Stad tm useum ▁W orm s ) ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁museum ▁in ▁W orm s , ▁Germany , ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Andre as st ift ▁complex . ▁Its ▁lap id arium ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁clo ister . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : City ▁museum s ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁Rh in eland - Pal at inate ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁W orm s , ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁White ▁River ▁( LS MR - 5 3 6 ) ▁( l ater ▁L FR - 5 3 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Land ing ▁Ship ▁Med ium ▁( R ocket ) ▁( LS MR ) ▁in ▁service ▁with ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁As ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁L SM ( R )- 5 0 1 - class ▁Land ing ▁Ship ▁Med ium ▁( R ocket ), ▁White ▁River |
▁was ▁designed ▁to ▁provide ▁rock et ▁fire ▁support ▁to ▁US ▁and ▁all ied ▁am ph ib ious ▁operations , ▁although ▁in ▁South ▁Vietnam ▁she ▁was ▁generally ▁used ▁to ▁bomb ard ▁enemy ▁form ations ▁and ▁install ations . ▁She ▁saw ▁combat ▁in ▁the ▁Korean ▁and ▁Vietnam ▁Wars , ▁making ▁a ▁large ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁latter , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁fired ▁tens ▁to ▁hundreds ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁rock ets ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁American , ▁South ▁Viet names e , ▁and ▁South ▁Korean ▁operations ▁against ▁the ▁Viet ▁Cong ▁during ▁ten ▁tours ▁of ▁duty ▁in ▁Vietnam , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁through ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁In ▁Navy ▁publications ▁such ▁as ▁All ▁H ands ▁and ▁the ▁Navy ▁Times , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁rec ol lections ▁of ▁crew , ▁forward ▁ob servers ▁and ▁spot ters , ▁and ▁ground ▁forces ▁receiving ▁her ▁support , ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁fire power ▁of ▁six ▁destroy ers ▁or ▁a ▁cru iser . ▁She ▁could ▁fire ▁ 2 5 0 ▁ ▁rock ets ▁in ▁a ▁minute , ▁plus ▁ 5 - inch ▁shell s ▁and ▁aut oc annon ▁fire , ▁and ▁carry ▁a ▁magazine ▁of ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 - 2 , 0 0 0 ▁rock ets . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁named ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁launched ▁by ▁the ▁Brown ▁Ship building ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁during ▁her ▁Korean ▁War ▁service , ▁only ▁acqu iring ▁the ▁name ▁White ▁River ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 5 5 ▁after ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁She ▁was ▁re class ified ▁as ▁an ▁In shore ▁Fire ▁Support ▁Ship ▁( L FR ) ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁better ▁reflect ing ▁her ▁fire ▁support ▁role ▁in ▁Vietnam . ▁She ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁and ▁struck ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁Register ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁and ▁sold ▁for ▁scrap ▁that ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁ships ▁exposed ▁to ▁the ▁toxic ▁Agent ▁Orange ▁her b icide ▁while ▁d ocked ▁at ▁port ▁or ▁conducting ▁operations ▁in ▁Vietnam ' s ▁in land ▁water ways , ▁and ▁any ▁crew ▁who ▁served ▁on ▁White ▁River ▁in ▁Vietnam ▁can ▁be ▁presum ed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁exposed ▁to ▁toxic ▁her b ic ides ▁without ▁further ▁development ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Veter ans ▁Administration . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁un named ▁medium ▁landing ▁ship ▁( rock et ) ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁was ▁laid ▁down ▁on ▁ 9 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁at ▁Houston , ▁Texas , ▁by ▁the ▁Brown ▁Ship building ▁Company ; ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 5 ; ▁and ▁commissioned ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁with ▁Lieutenant ▁John ▁M . ▁G ates , ▁US NR , ▁in ▁command . ▁ ▁Dep art ing ▁Houston ▁on ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁made ▁a ▁three - day ▁stop ▁at ▁Gal |
vest on ▁before ▁continuing ▁on ▁to ▁Charl eston , ▁SC , ▁where ▁she ▁completed ▁out f itting . ▁She ▁stood ▁out ▁of ▁Charl eston ▁on ▁ 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁Following ▁sh aked own ▁training ▁out ▁of ▁Little ▁Creek , ▁VA , ▁the ▁ship ▁headed ▁south ▁to ▁Florida ▁on ▁ 7 ▁February , ▁arriving ▁at ▁Green ▁C ove ▁Springs ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁February , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁placed ▁in ▁reserve . ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁July , ▁she ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁and ▁b ert hed ▁at ▁Green ▁C ove ▁Springs ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Reserve ▁Fleet . ▁ ▁Korean ▁War ▁After ▁being ▁recomm ission ed ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁with ▁Lieutenant ▁Henry ▁O . ▁Berg kamp ▁in ▁command , ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁completed ▁out f itting ▁at ▁Sav ann ah , ▁GA , ▁and , ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁November , ▁got ▁under way ▁for ▁sh aked own ▁training ▁out ▁of ▁Little ▁Creek . ▁She ▁ultimately ▁depart ed ▁the ▁waters ▁of ▁C hes ape ake ▁Bay ▁on ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁for ▁duty ▁with ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Fleet . ▁She ▁trans ited ▁the ▁Pan ama ▁Canal ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁and ▁arrived ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁ten ▁days ▁later . ▁There , ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁unit ▁of ▁L SM R ▁Division ▁ 3 ▁and ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁ 1 4 ▁months ▁practicing ▁her ▁am ph ib ious ▁support ▁role ▁off ▁San ▁C lement |
e ▁Island . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁depart ed ▁San ▁Diego ▁in ▁company ▁with ▁ ▁and ▁three ▁large ▁landing ▁support ▁ships , ▁and ▁the ▁formation ▁ste amed ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁Pearl ▁Harbor ▁and ▁Mid way , ▁reaching ▁Y ok os u ka , ▁Japan , ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁June . ▁Later , ▁she ▁shifted ▁to ▁S ase bo ▁to ▁prepare ▁for ▁her ▁first ▁deployment ▁in ▁the ▁combat ▁zone ▁off ▁the ▁Korean ▁coast . ▁She ▁emb ark ed ▁upon ▁that ▁cruise ▁in ▁mid - J uly ▁and ▁arrived ▁off ▁Ch odo , ▁an ▁island ▁off ▁the ▁western ▁coast ▁of ▁Korea ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁Korea ▁Bay , ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 6 th . ▁She ▁pat rolled ▁on ▁station ▁at ▁that ▁location ▁until ▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁when ▁she ▁headed ▁back ▁to ▁Japan . ▁ ▁After ▁visits ▁to ▁S ase bo ▁and ▁Y ok os u ka , ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁conducted ▁landing ▁exercises ▁at ▁Ch ig as aki ▁late ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁The ▁rock et ▁practice ▁on ▁Japanese ▁territory ▁prompt ed ▁an ▁official ▁protest ▁from ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Foreign ▁Ministry . ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁and ▁S ase bo , ▁making ▁runs ▁between ▁the ▁ports ▁during ▁October ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁November . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁November , ▁the ▁ship ▁cleared ▁S ase bo ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Ch odo |
. ▁That ▁assignment , ▁consisting ▁mostly ▁of ▁night ▁ill um ination ▁fire , ▁lasted ▁until ▁mid - De cember ▁when ▁she ▁headed ▁back ▁to ▁Japan . ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁remained ▁at ▁S ase bo ▁from ▁ 1 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁until ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁She ▁returned ▁briefly ▁to ▁Ch odo ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁and ▁then ▁began ▁pat rolling ▁Ta en ch ong ▁Do , ▁Pa eng ny ong ▁Do , ▁and ▁Kir in ▁Do . ▁ ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁and ▁remained ▁there ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 4 th ▁when ▁she ▁got ▁under way ▁to ▁return ▁home . ▁Ste aming ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁Mid way ▁and ▁Pearl ▁Harbor , ▁the ▁war ship ▁arrived ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁March . ▁Following ▁training ▁operations ▁off ▁San ▁C lement e ▁Island , ▁she ▁was ▁over ha ul ed ▁at ▁the ▁M are ▁Island ▁Naval ▁Ship yard . ▁All ▁told , ▁she ▁remained ▁on ▁the ▁West ▁Coast ▁ 1 1 ▁months , ▁depart ing ▁from ▁San ▁Diego ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁western ▁Pacific ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁ ▁After ▁paus ing ▁en ▁route ▁at ▁Pearl ▁Harbor ▁and ▁Mid way , ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 ▁reached ▁Y ok os u ka ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁Though ▁the |
▁ship ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Korean ▁coast ▁period ically ▁during ▁her ▁second ▁tour ▁of ▁duty ▁with ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁Fleet , ▁combat ▁operations ▁played ▁no ▁part ▁in ▁her ▁activities , ▁because ▁host ilities ▁had ▁been ▁effectively ▁ended ▁by ▁the ▁arm ist ice ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁She ▁concluded ▁her ▁first ▁pe ac etime ▁deployment ▁to ▁East ▁Asia ▁when ▁she ▁re ent ered ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁She ▁spent ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁engaged ▁in ▁operations ▁out ▁of ▁San ▁Diego , ▁primarily ▁am ph ib ious ▁training ▁off ▁San ▁C lement e ▁Island . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁she ▁was ▁renamed ▁White ▁River . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁depart ed ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁and ▁arrived ▁at ▁Y ok os u ka ▁on ▁ 6 ▁February . ▁She ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁large - scale ▁am ph ib ious ▁man eu vers ▁at ▁I wo ▁J ima ▁later ▁that ▁month ▁and ▁then ▁returned ▁briefly ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁before ▁heading ▁home ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March , ▁arriving ▁back ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁to ▁resume ▁local ▁operations . ▁On ▁ 7 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁she ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁and ▁b ert hed ▁with ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Group ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Reserve ▁Fleet . ▁ ▁Vietnam ▁War ▁Host ilities ▁in ▁Asia ▁again ▁dict ated ▁the |
▁ship ' s ▁return ▁to ▁service , ▁this ▁time ▁in ▁Vietnam . ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁moved ▁from ▁San ▁Diego ▁to ▁the ▁Long ▁Beach ▁Naval ▁Ship yard ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁where ▁she ▁under w ent ▁extensive ▁modifications ▁before ▁her ▁recomm ission ing ▁there ▁alongside ▁sister ▁ship ▁ ▁on ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁White ▁River ▁depart ed ▁Long ▁Beach ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁and ▁headed ▁for ▁San ▁Diego ▁when ce ▁she ▁conducted ▁sh aked own ▁and ▁shore ▁bomb ard ment ▁dr ills . ▁On ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁she ▁depart ed ▁San ▁Diego ▁to ▁re join ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁Fleet ▁in ▁the ▁Far ▁East . ▁She ▁and ▁her ▁division ▁stopped ▁in ▁the ▁Hawai ian ▁Islands ▁for ▁about ▁two ▁weeks ▁during ▁which ▁they ▁conducted ▁additional ▁shore ▁bomb ard ment ▁dr ills ▁at ▁K ah ool a we ▁Island ▁before ▁res uming ▁their ▁voyage ▁west ▁on ▁ 1 ▁March . ▁She ▁stopped ▁at ▁Mid way ▁Island ▁on ▁ 5 ▁March ▁and ▁reached ▁Y ok os u ka ▁ten ▁days ▁later . ▁Training ▁and ▁port ▁visits ▁in ▁Japan ▁occupied ▁her ▁next ▁eight ▁weeks . ▁On ▁ 9 ▁May , ▁she ▁depart ed ▁her ▁home port ▁of ▁Y ok os u ka ▁for ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁Vietnam ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁Sub ic ▁Bay , ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁arrived ▁off ▁the ▁I ▁Corps ▁zone ▁of ▁operations ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁immediately ▁began ▁gun fire ▁support |
▁missions ▁for ▁Operation ▁Mobile . ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁she ▁concluded ▁her ▁support ▁of ▁Mobile ▁and ▁shifted ▁to ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Vietnam ▁( AR V N ) ▁ 2 nd ▁Division ▁operating ▁near ▁Qu ang ▁Ng ai . ▁She ▁continued ▁to ▁support ▁that ▁unit ▁inter mitt ently ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁months , ▁interrupt ing ▁this ▁duty ▁only ▁to ▁provide ▁gun fire ▁and ▁rock ets ▁for ▁three ▁other ▁operations : ▁Oak land ; ▁De ck house ▁III , ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁landing ; ▁and ▁Franklin . ▁At ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁latter ▁operation , ▁she ▁headed — via ▁Sub ic ▁Bay ▁and ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁for ▁Y ok os u ka ▁where ▁she ▁remained ▁until ▁ 1 6 ▁September . ▁ ▁After ▁another ▁stop ▁at ▁Sub ic ▁Bay ▁for ▁emergency ▁repairs ▁after ▁being ▁caught ▁in ▁three ▁storm s ▁while ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁the ▁Philippines , ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁coast ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁to ▁continue ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁troops ▁ash ore . ▁During ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁months , ▁she ▁provided ▁call ▁fire ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁II ▁Corps ▁T act ical ▁Zone ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁III ▁Corps , ▁total ing ▁ 1 7 , 7 0 0 ▁rock ets ▁and ▁ 1 , 7 0 0 ▁ 5 - inch ▁shell s ▁since ▁ 1 ▁May . ▁This ▁fire ▁destroyed ▁over ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁structures |
, ▁killed ▁ 2 0 7 ▁Viet ▁Cong ▁and ▁destroyed ▁ 1 7 5 ▁s amp ans ▁plus ▁food , ▁am mun ition ▁and ▁pet rol ▁stores . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁November , ▁she ▁term inated ▁her ▁second ▁tour ▁of ▁duty ▁in ▁Viet names e ▁waters ▁and ▁headed , ▁via ▁Ok in awa , ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁where ▁she ▁spent ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁up keep ▁due ▁to ▁persistent ▁maintenance ▁issues . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁depart ed ▁Japan ▁once ▁more ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁Again , ▁she ▁stopped ▁at ▁Sub ic ▁Bay , ▁first ▁to ▁load ▁am mun ition ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁complete ▁some ▁maintenance ▁work ▁in ▁preparation ▁for ▁a ▁year ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁would ▁conduct ▁operations ▁across ▁the ▁entire ▁length ▁of ▁South ▁Vietnam . ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁I ▁Corps ▁tact ical ▁zone ▁on ▁ 9 ▁February ▁and ▁began ▁delivering ▁gun fire ▁for ▁Mar ines ▁ash ore ▁engaged ▁in ▁Operation ▁Des oto . ▁Also ▁during ▁that ▁period , ▁White ▁River ▁esc orted ▁con vo ys ▁of ▁trucks ▁near ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁Dem il itar ized ▁Zone ▁( DM Z ) ▁divid ing ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁Vietnam . ▁She ▁concluded ▁that ▁assignment ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February , ▁ref uel ed ▁at ▁Dan ang , ▁and ▁got ▁under way ▁to ▁support ▁Operation ▁De ck house ▁VI , ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁operation ▁which ▁was ▁conducted ▁by ▁the ▁Special ▁Land ing ▁Force ▁near ▁the ▁Sa ▁Hu |
yn h ▁Base ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁reaches ▁of ▁the ▁I ▁Corps ▁tact ical ▁zone ▁as ▁an ▁extension ▁of ▁the ▁Des oto ▁operation ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁temporarily ▁halt ed ▁during ▁the ▁T ế t ▁holidays . ▁She ▁finished ▁her ▁part ▁in ▁Des oto - De ck house ▁VI ▁operations ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁February ▁and ▁headed ▁for ▁Sub ic ▁Bay ▁where ▁she ▁rear med ▁and ▁conducted ▁up keep ▁from ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁to ▁ 2 ▁March . ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁coast ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁March ▁and ▁res umed ▁shore ▁bomb ard ment ▁duties ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁Be acon ▁Hill , ▁a ▁combined ▁helic opter , ▁and ▁water borne , ▁am ph ib ious ▁assault ▁conducted ▁near ▁D ong ▁Ha . ▁On ▁ 2 3 ▁March , ▁released ▁from ▁the ▁Be acon ▁Hill ▁operation , ▁she ▁rear med ▁at ▁Cam ▁Ran h ▁Bay , ▁then ▁proceed ed ▁to ▁the ▁III ▁Corps ▁tact ical ▁zone ▁to ▁provide ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁operations ▁near ▁the ▁R ung ▁Sat ▁Special ▁Zone . ▁ ▁Rel ie ved ▁by ▁ ▁on ▁ 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁after ▁a ▁four - day ▁stop ▁at ▁Ke el ung , ▁Taiwan , ▁en ▁route . ▁She ▁made ▁necessary ▁repairs ▁at ▁Y ok os u ka ▁and ▁then ▁headed ▁back ▁to ▁Vietnam ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁May . ▁Following ▁am mun ition ▁repl en ishment ▁at ▁Sub ic |
▁Bay , ▁the ▁war ship ▁arrived ▁off ▁the ▁I ▁Corps ▁tact ical ▁zone ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁June ▁and ▁conducted ▁shore ▁bomb ard ments ▁there ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁II ▁Corps ▁zone ▁until ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁when ▁she ▁depart ed ▁Viet names e ▁waters ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Sub ic ▁Bay ▁for ▁up keep . ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁coast ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁August ▁and ▁stayed ▁there ▁until ▁ 2 3 ▁August . ▁The ▁ship ▁then ▁returned ▁to ▁Y ok os u ka ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁month , ▁arriving ▁there ▁on ▁ 8 ▁September ▁and ▁remaining ▁until ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁for ▁repairs . ▁She ▁began ▁her ▁last ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁tour ▁of ▁duty ▁off ▁the ▁Viet names e ▁coast ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁October . ▁It ▁lasted ▁until ▁ 2 7 ▁December ▁and ▁consisted ▁almost ▁entirely ▁of ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁forces ▁operating ▁in ▁the ▁II ▁Corps ▁tact ical ▁zone , ▁during ▁which ▁White ▁River ▁fired ▁its ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 th ▁rock et . ▁At ▁its ▁conclusion , ▁she ▁was ▁relieved ▁by ▁ ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁Sub ic ▁Bay ▁for ▁up keep . ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁White ▁River ▁continued ▁to ▁operate ▁out ▁of ▁her ▁home ▁port , ▁Y ok os u ka , ▁and ▁made ▁four ▁deploy ments ▁to ▁Vietnam ▁waters ▁to ▁render ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁U . S . ▁and ▁AR V N ▁troops . ▁During ▁January , ▁White ▁River ▁relieved ▁Clar ion |
▁River ▁in ▁providing ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁South ▁Korean ▁troops ▁during ▁search - and - destroy ▁Operation ▁M eng ▁Ho ▁Ku ho ▁north ▁of ▁Q ui ▁N hon ▁( 1 6 - 2 4 ▁January ▁and ▁ 2 7 - 2 9 ▁January ). ▁Early ▁the ▁following ▁month , ▁the ▁ship ▁supported ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 2 nd ▁Division ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁region ▁( 2 - 3 ▁February ), ▁and ▁late ▁the ▁following ▁month , ▁White ▁River ▁again ▁worked ▁with ▁South ▁Korean ▁units , ▁the ▁Capital ▁Division ▁in ▁two ▁instances ▁( 2 2 - 2 4 ▁March ▁and ▁ 2 9 - 3 1 ▁March ) ▁and ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁Division ▁( 2 8 ▁March ). ▁She ▁re pr ised ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁those ▁Korean ▁units ▁the ▁following ▁month , ▁the ▁Capital ▁Division ▁on ▁ 1 - 2 ▁April , ▁and ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁Division ▁on ▁ 2 ▁April ▁and ▁in ▁three ▁other ▁instances : ▁ 1 6 - 1 7 ▁April , ▁ 2 1 - 2 3 ▁April , ▁and ▁ 2 7 ▁April ); ▁in ▁addition , ▁her ▁arm ament ▁assist ed ▁in ▁Operation ▁Co ch ise ▁( 1 1 - 1 2 ▁April ). ▁Sub sequently ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁gun ▁line , ▁White ▁River , ▁with ▁an ▁assist ▁from ▁an ▁air borne ▁spot ter ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁July ▁pound ed ▁a ▁suspected ▁Viet ▁Cong ▁storage ▁area , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁c aves ▁about ▁ ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Q ui ▁N hon ▁Bay , ▁with |
▁over ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁spin - st abil ized ▁project iles , ▁ign iting ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 7 ▁secondary ▁explos ions ▁and ▁nearly ▁a ▁dozen ▁fires . ▁Before ▁she ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁Viet names e ▁waters , ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁re class ified ▁to ▁an ▁in shore ▁fire ▁support ▁ship , ▁L FR - 5 3 6 , ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁The ▁ship ▁then ▁operated ▁off ▁the ▁IV ▁Corps ▁zone ▁in ▁December , ▁supporting ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 2 1 st ▁Division ▁on ▁four ▁occasions ▁( 1 - 5 ▁December , ▁ 1 2 - 1 4 ▁December , ▁ 2 1 - 2 3 ▁December , ▁and ▁ 2 6 - 2 8 ▁December ) ▁and ▁Operation ▁B old ▁Dragon ▁IX ▁on ▁ 2 8 - 2 9 ▁December . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁spent ▁four ▁days ▁on ▁the ▁front - line ▁in ▁late ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁off ▁the ▁I ▁and ▁IV ▁Corps ▁areas , ▁supporting ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Batt alion , ▁ 2 nd ▁AR V N ▁Division . ▁Res pon ding ▁to ▁a ▁call ▁for ▁gun fire ▁support ▁after ▁the ▁AR V N ▁troops ▁had ▁suffered ▁ 1 5 ▁killed ▁in ▁an ▁assault ▁on ▁an ▁enemy ▁strong hold ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁January , ▁White ▁River ▁fired ▁upon ▁a ▁North ▁Viet names e ▁position ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁side ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁hill , ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Bat ang an ▁Pen insula , |
▁Qu ang ▁Ng ai ▁Province . ▁A ▁two - hour ▁bomb ard ment ▁killed ▁two ▁V C , ▁wounded ▁one , ▁level ed ▁or ▁damaged ▁ 2 4 ▁structures ▁and ▁started ▁five ▁secondary ▁fires . ▁The ▁next ▁day ▁( 2 8 ▁January ), ▁the ▁in shore ▁fire ▁support ▁ship ▁bomb arded ▁an ▁enemy ▁st aging ▁area ▁ ▁from ▁the ▁previous ▁day ' s ▁target , ▁killing ▁ 1 5 ▁V C ▁and ▁destroying ▁ 5 4 ▁structures , ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁of ▁heavy ▁m ason ry ▁construction ▁and ▁six ▁of ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁store ▁pet role um , ▁oil , ▁and ▁lub ric ant . ▁Additionally , ▁White ▁Rivers ▁fire ▁damaged ▁ 2 1 ▁other ▁structures ▁and ▁destroyed ▁nine ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁ 3 5 ▁meters ▁of ▁trail , ▁trigger ing ▁five ▁secondary ▁explos ions ▁and ▁starting ▁ 4 5 ▁secondary ▁fires . ▁" St ill ▁not ▁content ▁to ▁rest ▁on ▁her ▁la ure ls ," ▁a ▁Pacific ▁Fleet ▁chronic ler ▁wrote ▁later , ▁" White ▁River ▁directed ▁her ▁ 5 - inch ▁spin - st abil ized ▁rock ets ▁at ▁enemy ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁area ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 9 th ▁and ▁sil enced ▁an ▁ant ia ir craft ▁site ," ▁killing ▁or ▁wound ing ▁ 1 1 ▁V C . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁White ▁River ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁" multiple ▁force ▁operation " ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ca ▁Mau ▁pen insula , ▁which ▁involved |
▁the ▁deployment ▁of ▁air , ▁ground , ▁and ▁sea ▁forces , ▁including ▁ten ▁Sw ift ▁boats ▁( PC F s ), ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁numerous ▁rivers ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁After ▁a ▁tri o ▁of ▁P CF s ▁had ▁conducted ▁a ▁psychological ▁war fare ▁operation ▁on ▁the ▁Tr um ▁G ong ▁River , ▁four ▁Sw ifts ▁entered ▁the ▁N ang ▁only ▁to ▁encounter ▁heavy ▁V C ▁automatic ▁weapon ▁and ▁B - 4 0 ▁rock et ▁fire ▁that ▁scored ▁direct ▁hits ▁on ▁two ▁P CF s ▁( one ▁losing ▁an ▁engine ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁being ▁badly ▁damaged ), ▁wound ing ▁one ▁sail or . ▁Air ▁Force ▁fixed - wing ▁strikes ▁destroyed ▁some ▁ 3 0 ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 ▁meters ▁of ▁t rench ▁line ; ▁White ▁River ▁joined ▁in ▁the ▁f ray , ▁un le ashing ▁a ▁bomb ard ment ▁of ▁the ▁enemy ▁positions ▁" but ▁with ▁unknown ▁results ." ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 - 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁White ▁River ▁supported ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 2 nd ▁Division , ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁ 2 nd ▁Marine ▁Brigade ▁and ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁in ▁Operation ▁D aring ▁Reb el , ▁killing ▁an ▁estimated ▁four ▁V C , ▁destroying ▁ 1 2 ▁water craft ▁and ▁ 3 5 ▁structures , ▁dam aging ▁ 2 7 ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁other ▁structures , ▁trigger ing ▁ten ▁secondary ▁explos ions ▁and ▁ign iting ▁ 1 3 ▁secondary ▁fires . ▁Additionally , ▁the ▁in shore ▁fire ▁support |
▁ship ▁set ▁fire ▁to ▁ 5 0 0 ▁meters ▁of ▁tree ▁line ▁and ▁damaged ▁three ▁rice ▁storage ▁b ins ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁acres ▁of ▁rice ▁crops . ▁White ▁Rivers ▁work ▁prompt ed ▁a ▁response : ▁the ▁ship ▁observed ▁six - foot ▁surface ▁burst s , ▁ 8 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 - y ards ▁short ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁of ▁between ▁ 8 ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁shell s ▁of ▁unknown ▁size ▁being ▁fired ▁at ▁her ▁on ▁the ▁evening ▁of ▁ 3 ▁May . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁month ▁( J une ▁ 1 9 6 9 ), ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁naval ▁gun fire ▁support ▁units ▁for ▁only ▁four ▁days , ▁but ▁she ▁" display ed ▁accurate ▁mark sm ans hip ▁during ▁one ▁day ▁of ▁particularly ▁impressive ▁shooting ..." ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁while ▁operating ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 2 nd ▁Division ▁ ▁nort heast ▁of ▁Qu ang ▁Ng ai , ▁she ▁bomb arded ▁a ▁V C ▁assembly ▁area , ▁fl ushing ▁out ▁a ▁squad ▁of ▁V C ▁who ▁soon ▁began ▁setting ▁up ▁weapons ▁to ▁return ▁fire . ▁White ▁River ▁observed ▁a ▁ 2 0 - foot ▁surface ▁burst ▁some ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁yards ▁off ▁the ▁bow , ▁and ▁numerous ▁rounds ▁of ▁light ▁weapons ▁fire ▁that ▁all ▁missed ▁their ▁mark . ▁With ▁the ▁coaching ▁of ▁an ▁air borne ▁spot ter , ▁the ▁in shore ▁fire ▁support ▁ship ▁directed ▁a ▁ten - minute |
▁barr age ▁of ▁. 3 0 - ▁and ▁. 5 0 - cal iber ▁machine ▁gun , ▁ 4 0 ▁mill imeter ▁aut oc annon , ▁and ▁rock et ▁fire ▁onto ▁the ▁V C , ▁who ▁broke ▁and ▁took ▁cover ▁leaving ▁behind ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁their ▁number ▁dead ▁behind . ▁White ▁River ▁continued ▁to ▁pound ▁the ▁area ▁until ▁inc lement ▁weather ▁forced ▁the ▁spot ter ▁to ▁head ▁for ▁home . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 0 ▁enemy ▁corps es ▁counted , ▁the ▁ship ▁had ▁destroyed ▁ 1 3 ▁structures ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁damaged ▁a ▁further ▁ 2 1 ▁structures ▁and ▁ 1 1 ▁bunk ers , ▁triggered ▁three ▁secondary ▁explos ions ▁and ▁started ▁nine ▁secondary ▁fires . ▁White ▁River ▁re pr ised ▁her ▁bomb ard ment ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁( 1 7 ▁June ) ▁and ▁account ed ▁for ▁another ▁two ▁V C ▁dead . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁supported ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Australian ▁Task ▁Force ▁in ▁Ph u oc ▁T uy ▁Province , ▁in ▁the ▁III ▁Corps ▁zone , ▁during ▁the ▁period ▁ 2 2 - 2 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁un le ashing ▁a ▁barr age ▁of ▁ 5 - inch ▁spin - st abil ized ▁rock ets ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁enemy ▁targets . ▁V C ▁base ▁camps , ▁storage ▁areas , ▁bunk ers , ▁in fil tr ation ▁routes , ▁and ▁s amp ans ▁all ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁ship ' s ▁devast ating ▁fire ; ▁her ▁claimed ▁" pin point |
▁accuracy " ▁killed ▁ 1 8 ▁V C , ▁wounded ▁ 1 7 , ▁destroyed ▁some ▁ 9 7 ▁structures ▁and ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁damaged ▁ 3 5 ; ▁in ▁addition , ▁she ▁destroyed ▁two ▁weapons ▁sites ▁and ▁triggered ▁ 1 3 ▁secondary ▁explos ions . ▁After ▁supporting ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 7 th ▁Division ▁( 2 - 5 ▁November , ▁ 7 ▁November ) ▁and ▁the ▁AR V N ▁ 9 th ▁Division ▁( 6 ▁November ) ▁in ▁the ▁IV ▁Corps ▁Zone , ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁III ▁Corps ▁T act ical ▁Zone ▁and ▁again ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Australian ▁Task ▁Force ▁( 8 ▁November ). ▁" Al ong ▁with ▁de le ter iously ▁affecting ▁enemy ▁mor ale ," ▁one ▁observer ▁wrote , ▁the ▁in shore ▁fire ▁support ▁ship ▁killed ▁ 1 5 ▁V C ▁troops , ▁wounded ▁ 1 7 , ▁and ▁destroyed ▁four ▁c aves , ▁ 4 1 ▁bunk ers , ▁and ▁ 4 6 ▁structures . ▁In ▁addition , ▁ob servers ▁counted ▁ 1 8 ▁secondary ▁fires ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁explos ions , ▁and ▁number ed ▁damaged ▁c aves , ▁bunk ers ▁and ▁structures ▁among ▁the ▁ship ' s ▁destruct ive ▁hand i work . ▁ ▁White ▁River ▁returned ▁to ▁Viet names e ▁waters ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁On ▁ 3 0 - 3 1 ▁January , ▁the ▁ship ▁operated ▁off ▁the ▁C à ▁Mau ▁Pen insula , ▁in ▁the ▁IV ▁Corps ▁area , ▁supporting ▁the ▁AR V N |
▁ 2 1 st ▁Division , ▁then ▁l ent ▁her ▁powerful ▁ord n ance ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁unit ▁on ▁three ▁occasions ▁the ▁following ▁month ▁( 1 - 4 ▁February , ▁ 1 0 - 1 9 ▁February , ▁and ▁ 2 2 - 2 5 ▁February ). ▁Additionally , ▁she ▁provided ▁gun fire ▁support ▁for ▁Sea ▁Float ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁region ▁( 2 1 ▁February ). ▁As ▁she ▁ne ared ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁her ▁active ▁service ▁life ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁March , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁river ▁patrol ▁craft ▁with ▁an ▁u mbre lla ▁of ▁air ▁support , ▁she ▁" pen etr ated ▁deep ▁into ▁the ▁R ung ▁Sat ▁Special ▁Zone , ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Sa ig on ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁Ch u ong ▁Du ong ▁ 1 1 - 7 0 ," ▁ste aming ▁up ▁the ▁Long ▁T au ▁River ▁some ▁ ▁to ▁bomb ard ▁suspected ▁V C ▁positions . ▁Over ▁a ▁five - hour ▁period ▁on ▁that ▁day , ▁White ▁River ▁expend ed ▁ 2 , 5 2 6 ▁spin - st abil ized ▁project iles ▁in ▁the ▁" deep est ▁penetr ation ▁in land ▁of ▁an ▁N G FS ▁[ nav al ▁gun fire ▁support ▁ship ] ▁to ▁date ." ▁Although ▁the ▁thick ▁fol i age ▁can opy ▁did ▁not ▁permit ▁ready ▁damage ▁assessment , ▁ob servers ▁noted ▁ten ▁secondary ▁fires ▁burning ▁upon ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁ship ' s ▁bomb ard ment . ▁" This ▁mission ," ▁a ▁Commander ▁in ▁Chief , ▁Pacific ▁Fleet , ▁historian ▁noted , |
▁" also ▁marked ▁the ▁final ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁L FR ▁in ▁active ▁service ." ▁As ▁the ▁same ▁chronic ler ▁noted : ▁" A ▁dramatic ▁rise ▁[ for ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 0 ] ▁in ▁the ▁expend iture ▁of ▁spin - st abil ized ▁rock ets ▁( 1 6 , 0 8 3 ▁in ▁March ) ▁reflected ▁the ▁final ▁efforts ▁of ▁Clar ion ▁River ▁... ▁and ▁White ▁River ▁... ▁as ▁these ▁intens ely ▁proud ▁little ▁ships ▁concluded ▁their ▁last ▁cruise ▁before ▁being ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁Register ." ▁ ▁After ▁being ▁deemed ▁" un fit ▁for ▁further ▁naval ▁service " ▁on ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁White ▁River ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁at ▁Y ok os u ka ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁Her ▁name ▁was ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁V ess el ▁Register ▁that ▁same ▁day , ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁scr apping ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Com bat ▁Action ▁R ib bon ▁ 3 ▁Navy ▁Unit ▁Comm end ations ▁Mer itor ious ▁Unit ▁Comm end ation ▁R V N ▁Gall antry ▁Cross ▁with ▁Palm ▁R V N ▁Civil ▁Action ▁Medal , ▁First ▁Class , ▁with ▁Palm ▁R V N ▁Campaign ▁Medal ▁Vietnam ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁Battle ▁Stars ▁( 2 ▁battle ▁stars ▁for ▁Korean ▁War ▁service ▁as ▁L SM R - 5 3 6 , ▁ 8 ▁for ▁Vietnam ▁service ▁as ▁White ▁River ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex |
ternal ▁links ▁ ▁USS ▁White ▁River ▁ship mates ▁page ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁deck ▁logs ▁from ▁Vietnam ▁ ▁Category : LS M ( R )- 5 0 1 - class ▁medium ▁landing ▁ships ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁ships ▁ ▁Category : Ship s ▁built ▁in ▁Houston ▁Category : K ore an ▁War ▁am ph ib ious ▁war fare ▁vessels ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : V iet nam ▁War ▁am ph ib ious ▁war fare ▁vessels ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Mer le ▁M idd leton ▁Od gers ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁Buck nell ▁University ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁until ▁his ▁retirement ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁president ▁emer it us . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁he ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁he ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁university ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁de an ▁of ▁their ▁College ▁of ▁Liberal ▁Arts ▁for ▁Women . ▁Od gers ▁was ▁then ▁president ▁of ▁Gir ard ▁College , ▁a ▁Philadelphia ▁secondary ▁school ▁for ▁or phan ▁boys , ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁ ▁Od gers ▁auth ored ▁Alexander ▁Dallas ▁B ache : ▁Scient ist ▁and ▁Educ ator , ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Press ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁Buck |
nell ▁University ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁faculty ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : E duc ators ▁from ▁Philadelphia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁White field ▁Union ▁Hall ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁social ▁venue ▁at ▁ 9 0 1 ▁Town house ▁Road ▁in ▁the ▁Kings ▁Mill ▁village ▁of ▁White field , ▁Maine . ▁ ▁Built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁by ▁the ▁local ▁Gr ange ▁chapter ▁and ▁the ▁White field ▁Fish ▁and ▁Game ▁Club , ▁it ▁has ▁served ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁century ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁social ▁meeting ▁point . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁The ▁White field ▁Union ▁Hall ▁stands ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁Town house ▁Road , ▁a ▁short ▁way ▁north ▁of ▁its ▁jun ction ▁with ▁Pitt ston ▁Road ▁( M aine ▁State ▁Route ▁ 1 9 4 ). ▁ ▁The ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁stands ▁is ▁largely ▁un al tered , ▁having ▁only ▁lost ▁a ▁mill ▁complex ▁( and ▁major ▁local ▁source ▁of ▁jobs ) ▁to ▁a ▁hur ricane ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 - 1 / 2 ▁story ▁wood ▁frame ▁structure ▁with ▁Victorian ▁sty ling . ▁It ▁is ▁basically ▁L - shaped , ▁with ▁a ▁rect angular ▁main ▁block ▁from ▁which ▁a ▁rec essed ▁ell ▁projects ▁to ▁the ▁right . ▁ ▁The ▁exterior ▁of |
▁the ▁main ▁block ▁is ▁finished ▁in ▁wooden ▁cl ap boards ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁floor , ▁and ▁with ▁fish - scale ▁sh ing les ▁above , ▁while ▁the ▁ell ▁is ▁finished ▁in ▁cl ap boards . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁entrance ▁is ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁three - b ay ▁fac ade , ▁fl anked ▁by ▁windows ▁that ▁have ▁modest ▁project ing ▁corn ices . ▁ ▁Similar ▁windows ▁are ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁floor , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁g able ▁end ▁a ▁double ▁window ▁to pped ▁by ▁a ▁g abled ▁corn ice . ▁ ▁The ▁interior ▁of ▁the ▁hall ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁function ▁spaces , ▁with ▁a ▁dining ▁room ▁and ▁kitchen ▁on ▁the ▁ground ▁floor , ▁and ▁an ▁aud itor ium ▁with ▁stage ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁floor . ▁ ▁The ▁hall ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁primarily ▁under ▁the ▁aus p ices ▁of ▁the ▁White field ▁Fish ▁and ▁Game ▁Club , ▁but ▁with ▁design ▁input ▁from ▁the ▁local ▁Gr ange ▁chapter , ▁which ▁contributed ▁funds ▁to ▁its ▁construction ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁major ▁tenant . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁the ▁only ▁public ▁hall ▁with ▁a ▁stage ▁in ▁southern ▁White field , ▁playing ▁host ▁to ▁d ances , ▁meetings ▁of ▁fr ater nal ▁and ▁social ▁organizations , ▁and ▁other ▁community ▁events . ▁ ▁The ▁hall ▁was ▁managed ▁by ▁an ▁association ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁organizations ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁Fish ▁and ▁Game ▁Club ▁after ▁the ▁Gr ange ▁chapter ▁merged ▁with |
▁another ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁closed ▁down ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁and ▁the ▁hall ▁is ▁now ▁managed ▁by ▁a ▁union ▁cons ort ium ▁of ▁village ▁community ▁groups . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁list ings ▁in ▁Lincoln ▁County , ▁Maine ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : G range ▁buildings ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Maine ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁Lincoln ▁County , ▁Maine ▁Category : Que en ▁Anne ▁architecture ▁in ▁Maine ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Lincoln ▁County , ▁Maine <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁( Span ish : ▁C ám ara ▁de ▁Represent antes ) ▁is ▁the ▁lower ▁house ▁of ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁It ▁has ▁ 1 7 2 ▁members ▁elected ▁to ▁four - year ▁terms . ▁ ▁E lector al ▁system ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁Constitution , ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives , ▁currently ▁composed ▁of ▁ 1 6 6 ▁representatives ▁serving ▁four - year ▁terms , ▁is ▁elected ▁in ▁territor ial ▁constitu encies , ▁special ▁constitu encies ▁and ▁an ▁international ▁constitu ency . ▁▁ ▁Each ▁department ▁( and ▁the ▁capital ▁district ▁of ▁Bog ot á ▁D . C .) ▁form ▁territor ial ▁elect oral ▁constitu encies ▁( circ un scri pc iones ▁territor ial es ). ▁Each ▁constitu ency ▁has ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁members , ▁and ▁one ▁more |
▁for ▁every ▁ 3 6 5 , 0 0 0 ▁inhabitants ▁or ▁fraction ▁greater ▁than ▁ 1 8 2 , 5 0 0 ▁over ▁and ▁above ▁the ▁initial ▁ 3 6 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁For ▁the ▁current ▁legisl ative ▁term ▁( 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 8 ), ▁ 1 6 1 ▁of ▁the ▁House ' s ▁ 1 6 6 ▁members ▁are ▁elected ▁in ▁territor ial ▁constitu encies . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁three ▁special ▁constitu encies , ▁elect ing ▁the ▁remaining ▁five ▁members : ▁one ▁for ▁Ind igenous ▁communities ▁currently ▁with ▁one ▁representative , ▁one ▁for ▁Af ro - Col omb ian ▁communities ▁( ne gr itudes ) ▁currently ▁with ▁two ▁representatives ▁and ▁one ▁for ▁Colomb ian ▁citizens ▁resident ▁abroad ▁currently ▁with ▁one ▁representative . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁constitutional ▁reform , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁allocated ▁to ▁Colomb ian ▁citizens ▁resident ▁abroad ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁one , ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁on ward , ▁as ▁an ▁additional ▁special ▁seat ▁will ▁be ▁created ▁for ▁the ▁territor ial ▁constitu ency ▁of ▁Arch ip el ago ▁of ▁San ▁Andr és , ▁Prov id encia ▁and ▁Santa ▁Catal ina ▁to ▁represent ▁the ▁arch ip el ago ' s ▁Ra iz al ▁community . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁assignment ▁of ▁additional ▁seats ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁corresponding ▁proport ional ▁increase ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁population ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁census ▁results . ▁If ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the |
▁above ▁a ▁territor ial ▁constitu ency ▁should ▁lose ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁seats , ▁it ▁keeps ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁For ▁elections ▁to ▁the ▁House , ▁political ▁parties ▁or ▁other ▁movements ▁and ▁groups ▁run ▁single ▁lists , ▁with ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁candidates ▁not ▁exceed ing ▁the ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁to ▁be ▁filled , ▁although ▁in ▁constitu encies ▁with ▁only ▁two ▁seats , ▁party ▁lists ▁may ▁include ▁a ▁third ▁name . ▁The ▁current ▁threshold ▁for ▁parties ▁to ▁win ▁seats ▁in ▁a ▁territor ial ▁constitu ency ▁is ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁elect oral ▁quot ient ▁( total ▁votes ▁divided ▁by ▁total ▁seats ) ▁in ▁constitu encies ▁returning ▁more ▁than ▁two ▁members , ▁and ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁elect oral ▁quot ient ▁in ▁constitu encies ▁returning ▁two ▁members . ▁Se ats ▁are ▁then ▁distributed ▁using ▁the ▁distribut ing ▁number , ▁or ▁c if ra ▁rep art id ora . ▁This ▁number ▁is ▁obtained ▁by ▁success ively ▁divid ing ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁votes ▁received ▁by ▁each ▁list ▁by ▁one , ▁two , ▁three ▁and ▁so ▁forth , ▁and ▁placing ▁the ▁results ▁in ▁desc ending ▁order ▁until ▁the ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁results ▁equal ▁to ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁to ▁be ▁filled . ▁The ▁lowest ▁resulting ▁number ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁distribut ing ▁number ▁( c if ra ▁rep art id ora ). ▁Each ▁list ▁shall ▁obtain ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁that ▁corresponds ▁to ▁the ▁number ▁of |
▁times ▁the ▁distribut ing ▁number ▁is ▁contained ▁in ▁the ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁its ▁votes . ▁ ▁Part ies ▁may ▁run ▁a ▁closed ▁list , ▁with ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁candidates ▁pre - det erm ined , ▁or ▁opt ▁for ▁prefer ential ▁voting ▁( open ▁list ), ▁where ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁candidates ▁on ▁the ▁list ▁is ▁re ordered ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁individual ▁preference ▁votes ▁of ▁the ▁voters . ▁In ▁congress ional ▁elections , ▁voters ▁choosing ▁a ▁party ▁running ▁a ▁closed ▁list ▁only ▁vote ▁for ▁the ▁party ▁list ; ▁voters ▁who ▁choose ▁a ▁party ▁running ▁an ▁open ▁list ▁may ▁indicate ▁their ▁candidate ▁of ▁preference ▁among ▁the ▁names ▁displayed ▁on ▁the ▁ball ot , ▁if ▁the ▁vot er ▁does ▁not ▁indicate ▁a ▁preference ▁and ▁only ▁votes ▁for ▁the ▁party , ▁the ▁vote ▁is ▁valid ▁for ▁purposes ▁of ▁the ▁threshold ▁but ▁not ▁for ▁re ord ering ▁the ▁list ▁based ▁on ▁prefer ential ▁votes . ▁ ▁Current ▁seat ▁distribution ▁ ▁El ig ibility ▁To ▁be ▁a ▁representative , ▁a ▁person ▁must ▁be ▁a ▁Colomb ian ▁citizen ▁( by ▁birth ▁or ▁natural ization ) ▁over ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁election . ▁▁ ▁There ▁are ▁general ▁rules ▁of ▁in el ig ibility ▁and ▁in compat ibility ▁which ▁apply ▁to ▁both ▁houses ▁of ▁Congress , ▁explained ▁here . ▁In ▁addition , ▁general ▁rules ▁on ▁the ▁replacement ▁and ▁non - re placement ▁of ▁members ▁depending ▁on ▁different ▁circumstances ▁also ▁apply ▁to ▁both ▁houses ▁of ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Ex clusive ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁ ▁Elect ▁the |
▁O mb ud s man . ▁ ▁Ex amine ▁and ▁final ize ▁the ▁general ▁budget ary ▁and ▁tre asury ▁account ▁presented ▁to ▁it ▁by ▁the ▁Com pt roller ▁General . ▁ ▁Bring ▁charges ▁to ▁the ▁Senate , ▁at ▁the ▁request ▁of ▁the ▁investigation ▁and ▁accus ation ▁commission , ▁for ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁of ▁the ▁President ▁( or ▁whoever ▁repl aces ▁him / her ) ▁and ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Com isión ▁de ▁A for ados . ▁ ▁Take ▁cogn iz ance ▁of ▁complaints ▁and ▁g riev ances ▁presented ▁by ▁the ▁Attorney ▁General ▁or ▁by ▁individuals ▁against ▁the ▁a fore ment ioned ▁officials ▁and , ▁if ▁valid , ▁to ▁bring ▁charges ▁on ▁that ▁basis ▁before ▁the ▁Senate . ▁ ▁Request ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁other ▁authorities ▁to ▁pursue ▁the ▁investig ations . ▁ ▁Jud icial ▁powers ▁Until ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁constitutional ▁reform , ▁the ▁investigation ▁and ▁accus ation ▁commission ▁( Com isión ▁de ▁Invest ig ación ▁y ▁Ac us ación ) ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁was ▁recomm ending ▁to ▁the ▁pl en ary ▁the ▁ind ict ment ▁of ▁the ▁President , ▁Const itutional ▁Court ▁just ices , ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁just ices , ▁Super ior ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁Jud ici ary ▁members , ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁just ices ▁and ▁the ▁Attorney ▁General . ▁These ▁senior ▁officials ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁were ▁said ▁to ▁benefit ▁from ▁a ▁" const itutional ▁fu ero ", ▁first ▁en sh r ined ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁Constitution ▁and ▁kept ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 |
9 1 ▁Constitution , ▁although ▁cabinet ▁minister s ▁lost ▁their ▁special ▁constitutional ▁protection ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁House ' s ▁accus ation ▁commission ▁had ▁been ▁very ▁critic ized ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁said ▁to ▁grant ▁imm unity ▁to ▁any ▁senior ▁official ▁accused ▁of ▁corruption ▁or ▁wrong do ing . ▁Between ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁Colombia ' s ▁ 4 0 ▁pres idents , ▁Gust avo ▁Ro jas ▁Pin illa , ▁was ▁charged ▁and ▁sent enced ▁by ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁( after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁his ▁term ), ▁and ▁that ▁ruling ▁was ▁over turn ed ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁seven ▁years ▁later . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁accus ations ▁commission ▁received ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 3 , 4 9 6 ▁complaints , ▁of ▁which ▁ 5 6 % ▁were ▁closed ▁and ▁ 4 4 % ▁still ▁pending . ▁No ▁case ▁resulted ▁in ▁im pe achment , ▁and ▁in ▁fact ▁only ▁one ▁case ▁ever ▁made ▁its ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁House , ▁that ▁of ▁President ▁Ern esto ▁Sam per ▁for ▁the ▁Pro ces o ▁ 8 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Com isión ▁de ▁A for ados ▁The ▁government ' s ▁constitutional ▁reform ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁stripped ▁the ▁accus ations ▁commission ▁of ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁power ▁and ▁restricted ▁the ▁existing ▁fu ero ▁const it uc ional ▁to ▁the ▁President . |
▁In ▁its ▁stead , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁reform ▁created ▁the ▁Com isión ▁de ▁A for ados , ▁which ▁will ▁investigate ▁and ▁ind ict ▁the ▁a fore ment ioned ▁judges ▁and ▁Attorney ▁General , ▁even ▁if ▁they ▁may ▁have ▁ce ased ▁to ▁exercise ▁their ▁functions . ▁The ▁commission ▁will ▁be ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁five ▁members ▁elected ▁by ▁a ▁joint ▁session ▁of ▁Congress ▁for ▁individual ▁eight - year ▁terms , ▁from ▁lists ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Jud icial ▁Government ▁and ▁elabor ated ▁through ▁a ▁public ▁competition . ▁The ▁el ig ibility , ▁in el ig ibility ▁and ▁in compat ibility ▁rules ▁for ▁the ▁commission ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁for ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁investig ations ▁for ▁un worth iness ▁to ▁serve ▁for ▁mis conduct , ▁the ▁new ▁commission ▁shall ▁present ▁its ▁charges , ▁when ▁necessary , ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives , ▁which ▁will ▁only ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁suspend ▁or ▁remove ▁the ▁accused ▁from ▁office . ▁The ▁House ▁decision ▁can ▁be ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁Senate , ▁which ▁holds ▁the ▁final ▁word . ▁In ▁such ▁cases , ▁the ▁commission ▁will ▁have ▁ 6 0 ▁days ▁to ▁present ▁an ▁accus ation ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁days ▁to ▁decide , ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁investig ations ▁for ▁other ▁crimes , ▁the ▁commission ▁shall ▁present ▁charges ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice ▁for ▁further ▁prosecut ion . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁commission ▁will ▁be ▁formed ▁after ▁a ▁trans itional ▁period ▁of ▁one ▁year , |
▁during ▁which ▁the ▁accus ations ▁commission ▁ret ains ▁its ▁original ▁respons ibilities . ▁ ▁E lections ▁The ▁most ▁recent ▁parliament ary ▁election ▁in ▁Colombia ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁For ▁elections ▁before ▁that , ▁see ▁the ▁below ▁table : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Const itutional ▁history ▁of ▁Colombia ▁List ▁of ▁Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : G overn ment ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Colombia ▁Category : Leg isl ative ▁branch ▁of ▁Colombia <0x0A> </s> ▁Nelson ▁Mand ela ▁International ▁Day ▁( or ▁Mand ela ▁Day ) ▁is ▁an ▁annual ▁international ▁day ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Nelson ▁Mand ela , ▁celebrated ▁each ▁year ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July , ▁Mand ela ' s ▁birthday . ▁The ▁day ▁was ▁officially ▁declared ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁UN ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁However , ▁other ▁groups ▁began ▁celebr ating ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁ 4 6 6 6 4 ▁conc erts ▁and ▁the ▁Nelson ▁Mand ela ▁Foundation ▁invited ▁the ▁global ▁community ▁to ▁join ▁them ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁an ▁official ▁Mand ela ▁Day . ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁is ▁not ▁meant ▁as ▁a ▁public ▁holiday , ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁day ▁to ▁honour ▁the ▁legacy ▁of ▁Nelson ▁Mand |
ela , ▁South ▁Africa ' s ▁former ▁President , ▁and ▁his ▁values , ▁through ▁volunte ering ▁and ▁community ▁service . ▁ ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁is ▁a ▁global ▁call ▁to ▁action ▁that ▁celebr ates ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁each ▁individual ▁has ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁transform ▁the ▁world , ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁impact . ▁ ▁The ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁campaign ▁message ▁is : ▁▁ ▁" N elson ▁Mand ela ▁has ▁fought ▁for ▁social ▁justice ▁for ▁ 6 7 ▁years . ▁We ' re ▁asking ▁you ▁to ▁start ▁with ▁ 6 7 ▁minutes ." ▁" We ▁would ▁be ▁hon oured ▁if ▁such ▁a ▁day ▁can ▁serve ▁to ▁bring ▁together ▁people ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁fight ▁poverty ▁and ▁promote ▁peace , ▁reconc iliation ▁and ▁cultural ▁diversity ," ▁according ▁to ▁a ▁statement ▁issued ▁on ▁Mand ela ' s ▁behalf . ▁ ▁To ▁mark ▁the ▁first ▁global ▁celebration ▁of ▁Mand ela ▁Day ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Mand ela ' s ▁ 9 1 st ▁birthday , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁educational , ▁art ▁exhibit , ▁fund - raising ▁and ▁volunteer ▁events ▁leading ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁concert ▁at ▁Radio ▁City ▁Music ▁Hall ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁were ▁organ ised ▁by ▁the ▁ 4 6 6 6 4 ▁conc erts ▁and ▁the ▁Nelson ▁Mand ela ▁Foundation . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁General ▁Assembly ▁formally ▁declared ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁to ▁be ▁" N elson ▁Mand ela ▁International ▁Day ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Association ▁for ▁Vol |
unte er ▁Administration ▁ ▁C iv ic ▁Eng agement ▁ ▁Community ▁Service ▁ ▁Do ▁a ▁Good ▁Turn ▁Daily ▁ ▁Global ▁Youth ▁Service ▁Day ▁ ▁Good ▁De eds ▁Day ▁ ▁International ▁Vol unte er ▁Day ▁ ▁International ▁Year ▁of ▁Vol unte ers ▁ ▁Join ▁H ands ▁Day ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁awards ▁for ▁volunteer ism ▁and ▁community ▁service ▁ ▁Make ▁A ▁D ifference ▁Day ▁ ▁ML K ▁Day ▁of ▁service ▁ ▁M itz v ah ▁Day ▁ ▁National ▁Phil anth ropy ▁Day ▁( USA ▁and ▁Canada ) ▁ ▁National ▁Vol unte er ▁Week ▁( USA ) ▁ ▁Random ▁Act s ▁of ▁Kind ness ▁Day ▁ ▁September ▁ 1 1 ▁National ▁Day ▁of ▁Service ▁( 9 / 1 1 ▁Day ) ▁ ▁S ew a ▁Day ▁ ▁Standard ▁Min imum ▁Rules ▁for ▁the ▁Treat ment ▁of ▁Pr ison ers ▁( am ended ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁called ▁" M and ela ▁Rules ") ▁ ▁World ▁Kind ness ▁Days ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Day ▁Category : Intern ational ▁observ ances ▁Category : J uly ▁observ ances <0x0A> </s> ▁Little ▁Spect acle ▁Island ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁island , ▁with ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 0 . 6 2 ▁ha , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Sl oping ▁Island ▁Group , ▁lying ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁south - e astern ▁coast ▁of ▁T as mania , ▁Australia ▁around ▁the ▁T as man ▁and ▁Forest ier ▁Pen ins ulas , ▁and ▁adjacent ▁Spect acle ▁Island . ▁ ▁Fa una ▁Record ed ▁breed ing ▁se ab ird ▁species ▁are |
▁little ▁p engu in , ▁silver ▁g ull ▁and ▁cre sted ▁t ern . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Sl oping ▁Island ▁Group <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 2 8 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁( ), ▁was ▁a ▁short - l ived ▁mixed ▁brig ade ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Republican ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Civil ▁War . ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁months ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁with ▁batt al ions ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Car ab iner os ▁corps . ▁Its ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁leader ▁was ▁the ▁Car ab iner os ▁Commander ▁Miguel ▁B asc u ñ ana ▁S án chez . ▁▁ ▁This ▁unit ▁disappeared ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁during ▁the ▁crushing ▁advance ▁of ▁the ▁Franco ist ▁arm ies ▁across ▁Catal onia . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁ 2 2 8 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁was ▁hast ily ▁established ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁in ▁La ▁Se u ▁d ' U rg ell ▁( Se o ▁de ▁U rg el ) ▁in ▁the ▁Py re ne es ▁border ▁area . ▁It ▁was ▁organized ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁Car ab iner os ▁batt al ions : ▁ 2 1 st , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁ 9 0 9 ▁Batt alion ▁of ▁the ▁mixed ▁brig ade . ▁▁ 3 9 th , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁ 9 1 0 ▁Batt alion ▁ 4 7 th , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁ 9 1 1 ▁Batt alion ▁ 5 5 th , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁ 9 1 2 ▁Batt alion ▁Rem |
ain ders ▁of ▁Spanish ▁troops ▁from ▁the ▁International ▁Brig ades ▁after ▁these ▁were ▁dis band ed , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ 4 7 th ▁Batt alion ▁of ▁the ▁XII ▁International ▁Brigade , ▁were ▁also ▁integrated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 2 8 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade . ▁▁ ▁The ▁brig ade ▁was ▁theoret ically ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 2 nd ▁Division ▁— a ▁division ▁which ▁never ▁became ▁functional — ▁under ▁the ▁XI ▁Army ▁Corps , ▁but ▁in ▁practice ▁it ▁would ▁never ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Army ▁division ▁structure . ▁ ▁Un known ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁brig ade ▁The ▁ 2 2 8 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁was ▁trusted ▁with ▁the ▁mission ▁of ▁covering ▁a ▁sector ▁of ▁the ▁Lower ▁E bro ▁zone ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁Catal onia ▁Off ensive . ▁However , ▁the ▁threat ▁of ▁becoming ▁surrounded ▁by ▁rebel ▁troops ▁soon ▁forced ▁the ▁whole ▁unit ▁to ▁withdraw . ▁After ▁this ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁further ▁news ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 2 8 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Car ab iner os ▁Group ▁of ▁Eastern ▁Region ▁Arm ies ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁C ▁L ó pez ▁R ov ira , ▁La ▁Con questa ▁de ▁Catal un ya ; ▁Di ari ▁d ' Oper acions ▁ ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁Category : M ixed ▁Brig ades ▁( Sp ain |
) ▁Category : Car ab iner os <0x0A> </s> ▁Cath in og ▁( also ▁sp elt ▁Cat he ini og , ▁C ethe ini og ) ▁was ▁a ▁hundred , ▁a ▁ge ographic ▁division , ▁in ▁the ▁traditional ▁county ▁of ▁Carm art hen shire , ▁Wales . ▁Its ▁name ▁der ives ▁from ▁St . ▁Cat hen , ▁a ▁local ▁saint ▁to ▁whom ▁a ▁church ▁is ▁dedicated ▁in ▁L lang at hen . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Carm art hen shire <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Leonard ▁( Aug ust ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁– ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player . ▁He ▁played ▁with ▁the ▁Quebec ▁Bul ld ogs ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁Association ▁and ▁was ▁with ▁the ▁Bul ld ogs ▁when ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Stanley ▁Cup . ▁He ▁died ▁during ▁combat ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 7 ▁deaths ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁right ▁wing ers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁military ▁personnel ▁killed ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Quebec ▁Category : Que bec ▁Bul ld ogs ▁( N HA ) ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Quebec ▁City ▁Category : St an ley ▁Cup ▁champions <0x0A> </s> ▁Col ar ane a ▁mel an ov ir id is ▁is ▁a ▁species |
▁of ▁orb - we aver ▁sp ider ▁that ▁is ▁end emic ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁__ TO C __ ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁ ▁Col ar ane a ▁br un nea ▁was ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁David ▁J . ▁Court ▁and ▁Raymond ▁Robert ▁For ster . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁Col ar ane a ▁br un nea ▁has ▁a ▁chocolate ▁brown ▁colour ation , ▁but ▁has ▁a ▁notable ▁white ▁band ▁going ▁down ▁the ▁d ors al ▁side ▁of ▁its ▁ab dom en . ▁Ex cl uding ▁the ▁legs , ▁females ▁are ▁about ▁ 6 . 1 mm ▁in ▁length ▁whereas ▁males ▁are ▁about ▁ 5 . 1 mm ▁in ▁length . ▁C . ▁br un nea ▁live ▁in ▁forest ▁habitat . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Ar ane idae ▁Category : Sp iders ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : Sp iders ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Category : End emic ▁fa una ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand <0x0A> </s> ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Rab in ow itz , ▁ 3 3 9 ▁U . S . ▁ 5 6 ▁( 1 9 5 0 ), ▁was ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁case ▁which ▁the ▁Court ▁held ▁that ▁warrant less ▁sear ches ▁immediately ▁following ▁an ▁arrest ▁are ▁constitutional . ▁The ▁decision ▁over turn ed ▁T rup iano ▁v . ▁United ▁States ▁( 1 9 4 8 ), ▁which ▁had ▁banned ▁such ▁sear ches . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Albert ▁J . ▁Rab in ow itz ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁his ▁office ▁on ▁February |
▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁for ▁selling ▁for ged ▁U . S . ▁post age ▁st amps ▁to ▁an ▁under cover ▁federal ▁officer . ▁Federal ▁agents ▁then ▁conducted ▁a ▁warrant less ▁ 9 0 ▁min ▁search ▁of ▁the ▁office , ▁finding ▁an ▁additional ▁ 5 7 3 ▁for ged ▁st amps . ▁Rab in ow itz ▁un success fully ▁moved ▁to ▁exclude ▁this ▁evidence ▁from ▁his ▁subsequent ▁trial , ▁but ▁the ▁motion ▁was ▁denied . ▁He ▁was ▁convicted , ▁but ▁the ▁app ell ate ▁court ▁revers ed ▁the ▁ver dict ▁and ▁ruled ▁his ▁rights ▁under ▁the ▁Fourth ▁Am endment ▁had ▁been ▁viol ated . ▁ ▁Op in ion ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁ ▁The ▁US ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁revers ed ▁the ▁Appe als ▁Court ▁ruling ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 - 3 ▁decision . ▁Writing ▁for ▁the ▁majority , ▁Justice ▁Sher man ▁M inton ▁wrote ▁that ▁only ▁" un reason able " ▁sear ches ▁were ▁banned ▁under ▁the ▁Fourth ▁Am endment ; ▁searching ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁a ▁suspected ▁for ger ▁at ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁his ▁law ful ▁arrest ▁was ▁held ▁to ▁be ▁reasonable . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁case ▁law ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Fourth ▁Am endment ▁case ▁law ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁of ▁the ▁V inson ▁Court <0x0A> </s> ▁Ober li enz ▁is ▁a ▁municip ality ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁L ien z ▁in |
▁the ▁Aust rian ▁state ▁of ▁Ty rol . ▁ ▁Pop ulation ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁L ien z ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁N ol let ia ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁flower ing ▁plants ▁in ▁the ▁aster ▁tribe ▁within ▁the ▁sun fl ower ▁family . ▁The ▁genus ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Jean - Ant oine ▁N ol let , ▁French ▁cl erg yman ▁and ▁phys ic ist . ▁▁▁ ▁Spec ies ▁▁ ▁formerly ▁included ▁see ▁Nicol asia ▁▁ ▁N ol let ia ▁cost ata ▁Kl att ▁- ▁Nicol asia ▁cost ata ▁( K l att ) ▁The ll . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Africa ▁Category : A ster aceae ▁gener a ▁Category : A st ere ae <0x0A> </s> ▁O so ▁Creek , ▁is ▁a ▁c reek ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Texas . ▁It ▁runs ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁O so ▁Creek ▁is ▁entirely ▁located ▁in ▁N ue ces ▁County . ▁The ▁c reek ▁r ises ▁near ▁the ▁western ▁edge ▁of ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i ▁ 3 mi ▁( 4 . 8 km ) ▁nort heast ▁of ▁Rob st own ▁in ▁northern ▁N ue ces ▁County ▁( at ▁ 2 7 ° 4 9 ' ▁N , ▁ 9 7 ° 3 7 ' ▁W ) ▁and ▁runs ▁sout heast ▁for ▁twenty - eight ▁miles ▁to ▁its ▁mouth ▁on ▁C ay o ▁del ▁O so |
, ▁three ▁miles ▁south west ▁of ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Station ▁( at ▁ 2 7 ° 3 9 ' ▁N , ▁ 9 7 ° 2 1 ' ▁W ). ▁It ▁travers es ▁flat ▁to ▁rolling ▁terrain ▁surf aced ▁by ▁dark , ▁cal care ous ▁cl ays ▁that ▁support ▁mes qu ite , ▁grass es , ▁and ▁c act i . ▁The ▁stream ▁has ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁the ▁one ▁named ▁La ▁Pur ís ma ▁Con cep ción ▁by ▁Capt . ▁Jo aqu ín ▁O rob io ▁y ▁B aster ra ▁during ▁his ▁exploration ▁of ▁the ▁Gulf ▁Coast ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 7 . ▁ ▁O so ▁Creek , ▁along ▁with ▁O so ▁Bay , ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁boundary ▁that ▁separ ates ▁the ▁South side ▁and ▁Fl our ▁Bl uff ▁districts ▁of ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i . ▁ ▁Flo oding ▁O so ▁Creek ▁is ▁subject ▁to ▁severe ▁flash ▁flood s , ▁especially ▁when ▁tropical ▁systems ▁move ▁in ▁or ▁when ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁pl ag ued ▁by ▁days ▁of ▁heavy ▁rain . ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁a ▁ 3 5 - year - old ▁man ▁d rowned ▁when ▁he ▁drove ▁around ▁bar ric ades ▁at ▁the ▁O so ▁Creek ▁Bridge ▁on ▁We ber ▁Road . ▁Author ities ▁said ▁a ▁male ▁driver , ▁who ▁had ▁recently ▁moved ▁from ▁Nigeria , ▁was ▁late ▁to ▁his ▁job ▁as ▁a ▁nursing ▁assistant ▁and ▁told ▁another ▁motor ist ▁he ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁cross ▁the |
▁bridge . ▁The ▁other ▁driver ▁and ▁the ▁trapped ▁man ▁both ▁called ▁police ▁when ▁the ▁Ford ▁Focus ▁began ▁to ▁drift ▁into ▁the ▁c reek , ▁but ▁authorities ▁couldn ' t ▁locate ▁the ▁car ▁as ▁it ▁moved ▁down stream . ▁ ▁The ▁c reek ▁sw elled ▁to ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁feet , ▁the ▁highest ▁level ▁ever ▁recorded . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Texas ▁ ▁Category : B od ies ▁of ▁water ▁of ▁N ue ces ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁Mont rose ▁ ▁Township ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Mont rose ▁Township , ▁Ash ley ▁County , ▁Arkansas , ▁in ▁Ash ley ▁County , ▁Arkansas ▁ ▁Mont rose ▁Township , ▁Lee ▁County , ▁Iowa ▁ ▁Mont rose ▁Ch arter ▁Township , ▁Michigan ▁ ▁Mont rose ▁Township , ▁C aval ier ▁County , ▁North ▁Dakota , ▁in ▁C aval ier ▁County , ▁North ▁Dakota ▁ ▁Mont rose ▁Township , ▁McC ook ▁County , ▁South ▁Dakota , ▁in ▁McC ook ▁County , ▁South ▁Dakota ▁ ▁Category : T own ship ▁name ▁dis ambigu ation ▁pages <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Green ▁Party ▁of ▁Ontario ▁field ed ▁several ▁candidates ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁provincial ▁election , ▁none ▁of ▁whom ▁were ▁elected . ▁ ▁Information ▁about ▁these ▁candidates ▁may ▁be ▁found ▁here . ▁ ▁B rent ▁Mon k ley ▁( H amil ton ▁Centre ) ▁ ▁Mon k ley ▁received ▁ 6 0 5 ▁votes ▁( 2 . 3 9 % ), ▁finishing ▁fourth ▁against ▁New |
▁Democratic ▁Party ▁candidate ▁David ▁Christ oph erson . ▁ ▁, ▁an ▁individual ▁named ▁B rent ▁Mon k ley ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁vice - pr incipal ▁of ▁Hill ▁Park ▁Second ary ▁School ▁in ▁Hamilton . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁likely ▁the ▁same ▁person . ▁ ▁Philip ▁Sar az en ▁( Y ork ▁South ) ▁ ▁Sar az en ▁is ▁a ▁wel der , ▁artist ▁and ▁invent or , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁frequent ▁candidate ▁for ▁public ▁office . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁once ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Communist ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁- ▁Marx ist - Len in ist , ▁and ▁ran ▁under ▁the ▁party ' s ▁b anner ▁in ▁an ▁Ott awa ▁riding ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁federal ▁election . ▁ ▁He ▁placed ▁second ▁at ▁the ▁Quebec ▁In vent or ' s ▁Compet ition ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁after ▁creating ▁a ▁green house ▁system ▁for ▁apartment ▁balcon ies . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁he ▁designed ▁a ▁magnetic ▁wallet ▁to ▁hold ▁Canada ' s ▁newly ▁mint ed ▁dollar ▁coins . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁Toronto ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁and ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁Green ▁Party ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁election ▁campaign . ▁ ▁Sar az en ▁was ▁ 4 1 ▁years ▁old ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁provincial ▁campaign , ▁and ▁spoke ▁against ▁Ontario ▁H ydro ' s ▁plan ▁to ▁construct ▁ten ▁nuclear ▁react ors ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁decade . ▁ ▁He ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁d angers |
▁pos ed ▁by ▁nuclear ▁energy ▁were ▁being ▁ignored ▁by ▁the ▁major ▁parties . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁camp a igned ▁for ▁the ▁Metro ▁Toronto ▁Sep ar ate ▁School ▁Board ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁arguing ▁that ▁students ▁should ▁be ▁taught ▁how ▁culture ▁shapes ▁economy . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁helped ▁to ▁form ▁" C ob bl estone ", ▁a ▁theatre ▁company ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁homeless ▁people . ▁ ▁Sar az en ▁designed ▁a ▁vehicle ▁called ▁the ▁" Sub ton ic ▁Cy cle " ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁announced ▁plans ▁to ▁ride ▁it ▁through ▁Bos nia ▁as ▁an ▁abs ur dist ▁art ▁display . ▁The ▁Gl obe ▁and ▁Mail ▁described ▁the ▁device ▁as ▁a ▁" r ain bow - col oured ▁j ungle ▁gym ▁of ▁disc arded ▁w rought ▁iron ▁wel ded ▁into ▁an ▁out land ish ▁Dr . ▁Se uss - like ▁contr aption ▁to pped ▁by ▁a ▁col oss al ▁wire ▁u mbre lla ▁and ▁powered ▁by ▁a ▁un icy cle ", ▁adding ▁that ▁" one ▁r ider ▁ped als ▁[ while ] ▁a ▁grab ▁bag ▁of ▁musicians ▁( the ▁Sub ton ic ▁Mon ks ) ▁ride , ▁playing ▁impro vis ational ▁r hy th ms ". ▁ ▁The ▁Bos nia ▁shows ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁and ▁the ▁Sub ton ic ▁Cy cle ▁was ▁later ▁displayed ▁at ▁many ▁events ▁in ▁Ontario . ▁ ▁Sar az en ▁later ▁created ▁follow - up ▁contr apt ions |
▁called ▁" Z o os se ▁M ob iles ", ▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁hom age ▁to ▁Dr . ▁Se uss . ▁ ▁Sar az en ▁became ▁homeless ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s , ▁and ▁lived ▁in ▁Toronto ' s ▁" T ent ▁City " ▁for ▁a ▁time . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁lives ▁in ▁Park dale ▁and ▁designs ▁hand made ▁bicy cle ▁r acks . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁▁ 1 9 9 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch r ister ▁Joh ans son ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Ch r ister ▁Joh ans son ▁( p oker ▁player ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 0 ), ▁Swedish ▁professional ▁sports ▁bet tor ▁and ▁poker ▁player ▁Ch r ister ▁Joh ans son ▁( sk ier ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 0 ), ▁former ▁Swedish ▁cross ▁country ▁sk ier ▁Ch r ister ▁Joh ans son ▁( table ▁tennis ), ▁Swedish ▁table ▁tennis ▁player <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Fle aker ▁is ▁a ▁brand ▁of ▁container ▁for ▁liqu ids ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁laboratory . ▁ ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁cross ▁between ▁the ▁Griff in ▁be aker ▁and ▁the ▁Er len me yer ▁fl ask . ▁ ▁Like ▁a ▁be aker , ▁the ▁bottom ▁is ▁flat , ▁with ▁the ▁sides ▁meeting ▁the ▁bottom ▁at ▁a ▁ 9 0 ▁degree ▁angle . ▁ ▁The ▁sides ▁are ▁vertical ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁height ; ▁near ▁the ▁top , ▁the ▁sides ▁curve ▁in ▁to ▁form ▁a ▁neck ▁with ▁a |
▁widely ▁fl ared ▁rim . ▁ ▁The ▁wide ▁rim ▁makes ▁it ▁easier ▁to ▁pour ▁from ▁or ▁filter ▁into ; ▁the ▁narrow ▁neck ▁reduces ▁loss ▁of ▁the ▁contents ▁due ▁to ▁spl ashing ▁and ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁grip ▁for ▁handling ▁and ▁pour ing . ▁▁▁ ▁Fle aker ▁containers ▁have ▁a ▁plastic ▁lid ▁with ▁a ▁built ▁in ▁rubber ▁stop per . ▁When ▁on ▁the ▁Fle aker , ▁the ▁lid ▁covers ▁the ▁narrow ▁neck . ▁Fle aker ▁containers ▁work ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁glass ware ▁for ▁liqu ids ▁and ▁solutions , ▁but ▁are ▁ ▁in appropri ate ▁for ▁sl ur ries , ▁precip it ates , ▁and ▁rec ry st all izations ▁( since ▁the ▁narrow ▁neck ▁makes ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁remove ▁sol ids ▁completely ▁from ▁a ▁Fle aker ). ▁ ▁The ▁Fle aker ▁was ▁invented ▁by ▁Roy ▁Edd le man , ▁founder ▁of ▁Spect rum ▁Medical ▁Indust ries ▁( now ▁Spect rum ▁Labor ator ies ). ▁Fle aker ▁is ▁a ▁registered ▁trad emark ▁of ▁Spect rum ▁Labor ator ies , ▁licensed ▁to ▁Cor ning . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L abor atory ▁glass ware <0x0A> </s> ▁De Ang elo ▁L . ▁Y ance y ▁( born ▁November ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁football ▁wide ▁receiver ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Guard ians ▁of ▁the ▁X FL . ▁He ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at |
▁P urd ue . ▁ ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁a ▁prominent ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁M ays ▁High ▁School ▁football ▁team ▁as ▁an ▁All - Region ▁and ▁second ▁team ▁All - Ge org ia ▁selection . ▁In ▁college , ▁he ▁a ▁solid ▁career ▁and ▁ranks ▁among ▁P urd ue ▁football ▁receiving ▁record ▁hold ers ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁All - Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁football ▁team ▁selection . ▁He ▁total ed ▁ 2 , 3 4 4 ▁career ▁receiving ▁yards ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁receiving ▁touchdown s ▁during ▁his ▁college ▁career . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁fresh man ▁college ▁season ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Bo il erm akers , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁the ▁leading ▁receiving ▁for ▁the ▁Bo il erm akers ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Network ▁All - F resh man ▁selection . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁reg ressed ▁after ▁a ▁promising ▁fresh man ▁year . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁leading ▁receiving ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁team . ▁As ▁a ▁senior ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁team , ▁he ▁was ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁receiving ▁touchdown s ▁and ▁led ▁the ▁Big ▁Ten ▁in ▁yards ▁per ▁reception . ▁As ▁a ▁senior , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁a ▁Second ▁Team ▁All - Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁selection ▁at ▁wide ▁receiver . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia . ▁He ▁attended ▁Young ▁Middle ▁School |
. ▁He ▁then ▁attended ▁Benjamin ▁E lij ah ▁M ays ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁two - s port ▁star ▁in ▁football ▁and ▁track . ▁As ▁a ▁soph om ore , ▁he ▁led ▁M ays ▁in ▁receiving ▁touchdown s , ▁but ▁the ▁team ▁fell ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁round ▁play off ▁game . ▁As ▁a ▁junior , ▁Y ance y ▁had ▁ 2 8 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 5 6 1 ▁yards ▁and ▁seven ▁touchdown s . ▁M ays ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 5 – 5 ▁record ▁and ▁Y ance y ▁had ▁ 2 9 ▁cat ches ▁for ▁over ▁ 6 0 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁eight ▁touchdown s ▁his ▁senior ▁year . ▁Y ance y ▁played ▁very ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁senior ▁in ▁high ▁school , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁voted ▁Second ▁Team ▁All - State ▁by ▁the ▁Georgia ▁Sport sw rit ers ▁Association ▁and ▁Class ▁A AAAA A ▁All - Region ▁as ▁a ▁wide ▁receiver . ▁His ▁All - State ▁selection ▁got ▁him ▁invited ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁East – West ▁All - Star ▁game . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁football , ▁Y ance y ▁also ▁was ▁a ▁compet itor ▁in ▁track ▁& ▁field . ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁state ' s ▁top ▁spr inters , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁runner ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁signature ▁" tr u et rot " ▁technique ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia . ▁He ▁finished ▁ 1 0 th ▁G H SA ▁Boys ▁ 5 A ▁State ▁Championships ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 |
- m eter ▁dash ▁with ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁ 1 1 . 2 0 ▁seconds . ▁ ▁Reg arded ▁as ▁a ▁three - star ▁recruit ▁by ▁R ivals . com , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁not ▁ranked ▁as ▁a ▁wide ▁receiver ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia , ▁and ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 1 6 ▁nation ally ▁by ▁ESP N . com . ▁According ▁to ▁Sc out . com , ▁he ▁was ▁ranked ▁as ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 4 3 ▁wide ▁receiver ▁in ▁the ▁nation . ▁He ▁was ▁un rated ▁among ▁high ▁school ▁football ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia ▁class ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁R ivals . com , ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁best ▁wide ▁receiver ▁in ▁Georgia ▁class ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁Sc out . com , ▁and ▁the ▁ 8 8 th ▁best ▁wide ▁receiver ▁in ▁the ▁class ▁by ▁ESP N . com . ▁He ▁chose ▁P urd ue ▁over ▁a ▁scholarship ▁offers ▁from ▁Buffalo , ▁Florida ▁International , ▁Middle ▁Tennessee , ▁O le ▁Miss , ▁NC ▁State ▁and ▁W ake ▁Forest . ▁ ▁College ▁career ▁Y ance y ▁received ▁an ▁athlet ic ▁scholarship ▁to ▁attend ▁P urd ue ▁University , ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁coach ▁Dar rell ▁Haz ell ' s ▁P urd ue ▁Bo il erm akers ▁football ▁team ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁During ▁his ▁career ▁he ▁played ▁in ▁ 3 9 ▁games ▁and ▁caught ▁ 1 4 1 ▁passes ▁for |
▁ 2 , 3 4 4 ▁yards ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁touchdown s . ▁ ▁Fresh man ▁season ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁Y ance y ▁came ▁into ▁P urd ue ▁with ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁playing ▁right ▁away ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁impact . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁a ▁true ▁fresh man ▁and ▁got ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁modest ▁start . ▁Y ance y ▁only ▁recorded ▁one ▁reception ▁for ▁ 2 7 ▁yards ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁Y ance y ▁continued ▁his ▁slow ▁pace ▁recording ▁just ▁one ▁reception ▁for ▁ 5 ▁yards ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁three ▁games . ▁Things ▁started ▁to ▁turn ▁around ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 8 ▁when ▁he ▁posted ▁ 1 1 7 - re ce iving ▁yards ▁against ▁Northern ▁Illinois . ▁He ▁to pped ▁that ▁performance ▁the ▁en su ing ▁week ▁after ▁he ▁produced ▁a ▁ 1 4 6 - yard ▁performance ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 2 ▁against ▁Neb r aska ▁that ▁included ▁posting ▁a ▁ 5 5 - yard ▁receiving ▁touchdown . ▁He ▁then ▁went ▁quiet ▁for ▁P urd ue ▁for ▁during ▁the ▁next ▁ 3 ▁weeks , ▁recording ▁just ▁a ▁single ▁reception ▁for ▁ 5 ▁yards . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁making ▁an ▁impact ▁on ▁November ▁game ▁against ▁Penn ▁State ▁that ▁included ▁an ▁ 8 3 - yard ▁receiving ▁yards . ▁Due ▁to ▁a ▁ham string ▁injury , ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁game ▁against ▁Illinois . ▁He ▁finished ▁up ▁his ▁final ▁game ▁of ▁his ▁fresh |
man ▁season ▁with ▁his ▁best ▁reception ▁performance ▁of ▁his ▁career . ▁With ▁ 1 1 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 1 2 5 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁against ▁Indiana ▁in ▁the ▁Old ▁O aken ▁B ucket ▁game . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁All - F resh man ▁Team ▁by ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Network ▁as ▁a ▁wide ▁receiver . ▁ ▁Soph om ore ▁season ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁Y ance y ▁entered ▁the ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁pre season ▁candidate ▁to ▁reach ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁yards ▁receiving ▁by ▁ESP N . ▁After ▁being ▁held ▁without ▁a ▁reception ▁in ▁the ▁op ener , ▁Y ance y ▁recorded ▁his ▁first ▁reception ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁against ▁Central ▁Michigan . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 3 , ▁Y ance y ▁posted ▁his ▁third ▁career ▁touchdown ▁against ▁Not re ▁D ame , ▁by ▁receiving ▁a ▁second ▁quarter ▁ 1 9 - yard ▁pass . ▁He ▁recorded ▁a ▁season ▁high ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 0 . ▁Y ance y ▁struggled ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁recording ▁just ▁ 5 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 6 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁one ▁touchdown ▁over ▁the ▁final ▁ 8 ▁games . ▁ ▁Junior ▁season ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁looking ▁to ▁b ounce ▁back ▁after ▁a ▁down ▁soph om ore ▁year . ▁He ▁opened ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 5 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 7 8 ▁yards ▁against |
▁Marshall ▁on ▁September ▁ 6 . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁added ▁ 6 8 ▁yards , ▁including ▁a ▁ 5 0 - yard ▁touchdown ▁reception , ▁against ▁Indiana ▁State ▁on ▁ 2 ▁re ceptions . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁he ▁connected ▁with ▁quarter back ▁Austin ▁Apple by ▁for ▁ 2 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 2 4 ▁yards ▁against ▁Virginia ▁Tech . ▁With ▁P urd ue ▁making ▁a ▁changed ▁to ▁David ▁Bl ough ▁at ▁quarter back , ▁Y ance y ▁had ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 8 0 ▁yards ▁against ▁Bow ling ▁Green , ▁including ▁a ▁ 4 5 - yard ▁touchdown ▁reception . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁to ▁post ▁ 6 8 ▁yards ▁on ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁against ▁Michigan ▁State ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Big ▁Ten ▁Conference ▁season ▁op ener . ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁weeks , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁shut ▁out ▁against ▁Minnesota ▁and ▁had ▁just ▁a ▁ 3 - yard ▁reception ▁against ▁Wisconsin . ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later , ▁Y ance y ▁caught ▁ 5 ▁passes ▁for ▁ 1 1 1 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 2 ▁touchdown s ▁against ▁Neb r aska . ▁On ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁he ▁had ▁ 5 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 5 1 ▁yards , ▁including ▁a ▁ 2 5 - yard ▁touchdown ▁re ceptions ▁against ▁Illinois . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁had ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 3 9 ▁yards ▁against ▁North western . ▁Y ance y |
▁followed ▁up ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 9 ▁re ceptions ▁and ▁ 1 1 7 ▁yards , ▁but ▁no ▁touchdown s ▁against ▁Iowa . ▁He ▁finished ▁his ▁season ▁with ▁ 7 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 6 1 ▁yards ▁against ▁Indiana ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁O aken ▁B ucket . ▁ ▁Senior ▁season ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁Y ance y ▁recorded ▁his ▁first ▁reception ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 5 - yard ▁touchdown ▁pass ▁against ▁Eastern ▁Kentucky . ▁He ▁posted ▁his ▁first ▁ 1 0 0 - yard ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁against ▁C inc inn ati ▁on ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁in ▁P urd ue ' s ▁second ▁game ▁when ▁he ▁tall ied ▁ 1 1 3 ▁receiving ▁yards ▁on ▁ 7 ▁re ceptions . ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁Y ance y ▁posted ▁ 7 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 7 8 ▁yards ▁against ▁Nevada . ▁The ▁following ▁week , ▁he ▁posted ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 4 0 ▁yards ▁against ▁Maryland ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁and ▁he ▁added ▁ 3 3 ▁yards ▁on ▁ 3 ▁re ceptions ▁against ▁Illinois ▁on ▁October ▁ 8 . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁he ▁posted ▁ 9 2 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁on ▁ 2 ▁re ceptions ▁against ▁Iowa . ▁Y ance y ▁had ▁four ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 1 0 0 ▁yards ▁and ▁an ▁ 8 8 - yard ▁touchdown ▁against ▁the ▁ 8 th |
▁ranked ▁Neb r aska ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 2 ▁and ▁two ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 6 6 ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown ▁against ▁Penn ▁State ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 9 . ▁On ▁November ▁ 5 , ▁he ▁had ▁ 4 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 1 2 6 ▁yards ▁including ▁a ▁ 6 0 - yard ▁touchdown ▁reception ▁against ▁Minnesota . ▁He ▁posted ▁three ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 3 5 ▁yards ▁against ▁North western ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 2 . ▁Y ance y ▁has ▁his ▁greatest ▁career ▁game ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 9 ▁against ▁# 7 ▁Wisconsin ▁with ▁ 6 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 1 5 5 ▁yards ▁and ▁tied ▁a ▁career - high ▁with ▁ 2 ▁touchdown s . ▁In ▁his ▁final ▁regular ▁season ▁game ▁against ▁Indiana , ▁Y ance y ▁posted ▁six ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁eight ▁yards ▁and ▁a ▁touchdown , ▁which ▁gave ▁him ▁ 2 0 ▁career ▁touchdown ▁re ceptions ▁and ▁broke ▁a ▁tie ▁with ▁Jim ▁Be ir ne ▁and ▁Cal vin ▁Williams ▁for ▁ 7 th ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁school ' s ▁career ▁receiving ▁touchdown ▁list . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁season , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁named ▁Third ▁Team ▁All - Big ▁Ten ▁by ▁the ▁coaches , ▁and ▁Second ▁Team ▁All - Big ▁Ten ▁by ▁the ▁media . ▁Y ance y ▁finished ▁his ▁college ▁career ▁with ▁ 1 4 1 ▁re ceptions ▁for ▁ 2 , 3 4 4 ▁yards ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁touchdown s ▁as ▁a ▁receiver ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁four ▁career ▁tack les . |
▁His ▁ 2 , 3 4 4 ▁placed ▁him ▁seventh ▁in ▁P urd ue ▁history ▁for ▁career ▁receiving ▁yards . ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁East ▁ro ster ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁East – West ▁Sh r ine ▁Game . ▁ ▁College ▁statistics ▁Source : ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁NFL ▁D raft ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 7 5 th ▁overall ▁selection ▁after ▁the ▁team ▁traded ▁their ▁fifth - round ▁pick ▁( 1 7 2 nd ▁overall ) ▁to ▁the ▁Denver ▁Bron cos ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁move ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁# 1 7 5 ▁pick ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁select ▁Y ance y ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁receive ▁the ▁ 2 3 8 th ▁pick ▁( Dev ante ▁M ays ). ▁He ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁a ▁contract ▁on ▁May ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁Pack ers ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁practice ▁squad ▁the ▁next ▁day . ▁He ▁signed ▁a ▁reserve / future ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁Pack ers ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁Pack ers . ▁He ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁practice ▁squad ▁on ▁October ▁ 4 , |
▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁J ets ▁practice ▁squad . ▁He ▁signed ▁a ▁reserve / future ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁J ets ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁wa ived ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Tennessee ▁Tit ans ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁Tennessee ▁Tit ans . ▁He ▁was ▁wa ived ▁on ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁New ▁York ▁Guard ians ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Guard ians ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁X FL ▁D raft . ▁He ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁injured ▁reserve ▁before ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁bio ▁P urd ue ▁Bo il erm akers ▁bio ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Atlanta ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( U . S . ▁state |
) ▁Category : American ▁football ▁wide ▁rece ivers ▁Category : P urd ue ▁Bo il erm akers ▁football ▁players ▁Category : Green ▁Bay ▁Pack ers ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Guard ians ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁J ets ▁players ▁Category : T ennessee ▁Tit ans ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁I por ã ▁is ▁a ▁municip ality ▁in ▁the ▁North - West ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Par an á , ▁approximately ▁sixty ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁the ▁border ▁with ▁Par agu ay . ▁Its ▁population ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁was ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁about ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁in ▁Par an á <0x0A> </s> ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁is ▁partial ▁aut obi ographical ▁novel ▁by ▁I va ▁P ek ár k ová ▁about ▁her ▁time ▁taxi - d riving ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁It ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁Czech ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁by ▁Nak lad atel ství ▁NL N ▁( NL N ▁Publishing ), ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁De j ▁Mi ▁Ty ▁Pr ach y ▁( G im me ▁the ▁Money ). ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁by ▁I va ▁P ek ár k ová ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁her ▁husband , ▁Raymond ▁Johnson , ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Ser pent ' s ▁T ail ▁through ▁a ▁grant ▁from ▁the ▁Czech ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Culture . ▁ ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁was ▁also ▁translated ▁into ▁German ▁under ▁the ▁title , Tax i ▁Blues , ▁by ▁Marcel a ▁E uler ▁and |
▁subsequently ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁by ▁Mal ik ▁Publish ers . ▁The ▁novel ▁is ▁about ▁a ▁female ▁Czech ian ▁taxi ▁driver ▁J ind ři š ka , ▁nick named ▁G in , ▁and ▁her ▁life ▁of ▁navig ating ▁and ▁finding ▁a ▁place ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁taxi ▁industry . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁This ▁novel ▁begins ▁with ▁G in ▁and ▁her ▁room mate , ▁Gl oria , ▁in ▁their ▁apartment . ▁Read ers ▁learn ▁that ▁G in ▁makes ▁her ▁money ▁from ▁taxi ▁driving ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁works ▁at ▁a ▁garage ▁under ▁a ▁Russian ▁man ▁named ▁Alex ▁who ▁is ▁constantly ▁sex ually ▁harass ing ▁her . ▁However , ▁this ▁does ▁not ▁seem ▁to ▁f aze ▁G in , ▁because ▁this ▁is ▁what ▁happened ▁at ▁the ▁other ▁garage ▁where ▁she ▁worked ▁under ▁the ▁dispatch er ▁Ken ny . ▁ ▁Several ▁days ▁later , ▁G in ▁picks ▁up ▁a ▁passenger ▁named ▁C ly de . ▁C ly de ▁and ▁G in ▁sleep ▁together ▁and ▁G in ▁is ▁interested ▁in ▁him , ▁but ▁the ▁relationship ▁is ▁broken ▁off ▁when ▁Gl oria ▁sle eps ▁with ▁him . ▁G in ▁is ▁so ▁dist ra ug ht ▁that ▁she ▁cont emplates ▁suicide , ▁but ▁then ▁destro ys ▁all ▁of ▁Gl oria ' s ▁paintings ▁in ▁the ▁apartment . ▁Because ▁she ▁no ▁longer ▁has ▁a ▁place ▁to ▁live , ▁she ▁moves ▁in ▁with ▁Tal ibe , ▁her ▁husband ▁from ▁Mal i . ▁He ▁and ▁G in ▁do ▁not ▁get ▁along ▁very ▁well ▁because ▁their ▁different ▁cultural ▁up |
b ring ings ▁cl ash . ▁The ▁only ▁reason ▁G in ▁married ▁him ▁was ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁get ▁a ▁green ▁card . ▁ ▁Another ▁day ▁G in ▁is ▁hanging ▁out ▁with ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁other ▁taxi ▁drivers ▁at ▁a ▁bar . ▁One ▁of ▁these ▁taxi ▁drivers , ▁Geoff rey , ▁tells ▁her ▁that ▁the ▁only ▁way ▁for ▁a ▁taxi ▁driver ▁to ▁make ▁money ▁is ▁to ▁che at ▁the ▁customers ▁by ▁mess ing ▁with ▁the ▁meter ▁and ▁using ▁a ▁book ▁with ▁fake ▁prices . ▁G in ny ▁ref uses ▁because ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁get ▁fin ed . ▁Geoff rey ▁and ▁his ▁friend , ▁S eng ane , ▁talk ▁about ▁the ▁times ▁they ▁have ▁murdered ▁some ▁aggressive ▁passenger ▁while ▁they ▁were ▁driving . ▁ ▁While ▁she ▁is ▁living ▁with ▁Tal ibe ▁he ▁asks ▁her ▁to ▁marry ▁his ▁cousin , ▁O u ag ad ou g ou , ▁because ▁O u ag ad ou g ou ▁needs ▁a ▁green ▁card . ▁G in ▁initially ▁ref uses ▁because ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁get ▁in ▁trouble ▁with ▁the ▁authorities ▁and ▁risk ▁deport ation ▁herself . ▁However , ▁she ▁gives ▁in ▁because ▁Tal ibe ▁threat ens ▁to ▁divorce ▁her ▁and ▁marry ▁someone ▁else ▁who ▁will ▁agree ▁to ▁marry ▁as ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁family ▁members ▁as ▁he ▁needs . ▁The ▁day ▁after ▁her ▁wedding ▁with ▁O u ag ad ou g ou , ▁one ▁of ▁Tal ibe ' s ▁friends ▁calls ▁G in ▁telling ▁her ▁that ▁Tal ibe ▁was ▁shot ▁while ▁taxi ▁driving . ▁ ▁While |
▁Tal ibe ▁is ▁recover ing ▁in ▁the ▁hospital , ▁he ▁is ▁dist ressed ▁because ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁blood ▁trans f usion . ▁In ▁Mal i ▁culture , ▁blood ▁is ▁very ▁important , ▁and ▁Tal ibe ▁is ▁disg usted ▁that ▁the ▁blood ▁inside ▁him ▁is ▁not ▁his . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁confused ▁because ▁he ▁was ▁shot ▁while ▁wearing ▁his ▁protective ▁am u let , ▁and ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁understand ▁why ▁the ▁magic ▁does ▁not ▁protect ▁him . ▁While ▁Tal ibe ▁could ▁have ▁gotten ▁better , ▁he ▁died ▁because ▁his ▁whole ▁belief ▁system ▁cr umbled . ▁ ▁Once ▁Tal ibe ▁dies , ▁G in ▁wants ▁to ▁find ▁another ▁place ▁to ▁live ▁because ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁go ▁back ▁to ▁their ▁apartment . ▁She ▁goes ▁to ▁her ▁old ▁boss , ▁Ken ny , ▁and ▁asks ▁if ▁she ▁can ▁stay ▁with ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁while , ▁but ▁he ▁ref uses ▁because , ▁un bek nown st ▁to ▁her , ▁he ▁has ▁a ▁wife ▁and ▁kids . ▁G in ▁then ▁returns ▁to ▁Gl oria ▁to ▁ask ▁to ▁stay ▁at ▁her ▁place , ▁but ▁when ▁she ▁returns ▁to ▁her ▁old ▁apartment ▁and ▁sees ▁Gl oria , ▁she ▁real izes ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁still ▁not ▁over ▁the ▁betray al ▁and ▁runs ▁back ▁to ▁Tal ibe ' s ▁apartment . ▁When ▁she ▁arrives ▁at ▁her ▁apartment ▁O u ag ad ou g ou ▁is ▁waiting ▁for ▁her . ▁Because ▁she ▁is ▁his ▁wife , ▁he ▁arg ues , ▁they ▁should ▁live ▁together . ▁G in ▁gives ▁in , ▁and ▁O |
u ag ad ou g ou ▁moves ▁into ▁the ▁apartment ▁with ▁her . ▁ ▁After ▁Tal ibe ' s ▁death ▁G in ▁takes ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁weeks ▁off ▁taxi - d riving . ▁When ▁she ▁returns ▁to ▁Alex ' s ▁garage ▁he ▁has ▁a ▁brand - new ▁fleet ▁of ▁tax is . ▁She ▁also ▁visits ▁Ken ny , ▁and ▁he ▁gives ▁her ▁a ▁knife ▁to ▁protect ▁herself ▁while ▁taxi ▁driving . ▁However , ▁G in ▁feels ▁less ▁safe ▁with ▁the ▁knife ▁in ▁her ▁bag . ▁ ▁One ▁night ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁picking ▁up ▁customers , ▁a ▁passenger ▁gets ▁into ▁her ▁tax ic ab ▁who ▁gives ▁G in ▁a ▁bad ▁v ibe . ▁He ▁is ▁not ▁clear ▁in ▁his ▁directions , ▁but ▁eventually ▁they ▁end ▁up ▁underneath ▁Mac om bs ▁Dam ▁Bridge ▁next ▁to ▁an ▁abandoned ▁part ▁of ▁Jackie ▁Robinson ▁Park . ▁The ▁passenger ▁pulls ▁a ▁gun ▁on ▁her ▁and ▁starts ▁telling ▁her ▁how ▁he ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁kill ▁her ▁like ▁he ▁killed ▁other ▁people ▁in ▁that ▁spot . ▁While ▁listening ▁to ▁his ▁description ▁of ▁his ▁last ▁kill , ▁G in ▁real izes ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁killed ▁her ▁husband . ▁When ▁the ▁man ▁asks ▁for ▁her ▁money , ▁she ▁hands ▁it ▁to ▁him ▁through ▁the ▁partition ▁and ▁cuts ▁him ▁with ▁the ▁knife ▁that ▁Ken ny ▁gave ▁her . ▁The ▁man ▁pulls ▁his ▁hand ▁back ▁and ▁his ▁gun ▁flies ▁into ▁the ▁front ▁seat . ▁G in ▁gets ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁car ▁and ▁starts ▁running , ▁but ▁Stanley , ▁the ▁rob ber , |
▁tack les ▁her . ▁When ▁she ▁is ▁falling , ▁she ▁fl ips ▁the ▁knife ▁behind ▁her ▁and ▁it ▁sink s ▁into ▁Stanley ' s ▁heart ; ▁killing ▁him ▁instantly . ▁ ▁Once ▁she ▁has ▁made ▁sure ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁dead ▁she ▁cle ans ▁up ▁the ▁scene ▁as ▁best ▁she ▁can ▁and ▁drives ▁away . ▁For ▁the ▁next ▁couple ▁of ▁months , ▁she ▁is ▁par an oid ▁that ▁the ▁police ▁are ▁going ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁who ▁killed ▁this ▁man ▁and ▁arrest ▁her , ▁but ▁nothing ▁happens . ▁She ▁continues ▁to ▁work , ▁and ▁she ▁disco vers ▁that ▁Alex ' s ▁new ▁fleet ▁of ▁tax is ▁are ▁stolen ▁police ▁cars . ▁However , ▁because ▁she ▁has ▁killed ▁someone ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁see ▁how ▁breaking ▁the ▁law ▁is ▁such ▁a ▁big ▁deal ▁anymore . ▁She ▁also ▁starts ▁making ▁more ▁money ▁by ▁che ating ▁her ▁passengers ▁using ▁the ▁tricks ▁that ▁Geoff rey ▁and ▁Ken ny ▁taught ▁her . ▁The ▁book ▁ends ▁with ▁G in ▁driving ▁out ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁her ▁yellow ▁taxi ▁with ▁an ▁unknown ▁lover ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Main ▁characters ▁ ▁G in ▁( J ind ři š ka ): ▁a ▁female ▁taxi ▁driver ▁from ▁Pr ague ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁not ▁so ▁gl am orous ▁part ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ ▁Gl oria : ▁G in ' s ▁Cub an ▁room mate ▁who ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁Har lem ▁ ▁R andy : ▁a ▁homeless ▁man ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁friend ▁of ▁G in ' s ▁ ▁Alex |
: ▁the ▁Russian ▁owner ▁and ▁dispatch er ▁at ▁the ▁taxi ▁company ▁where ▁G in ▁works ▁ ▁Tal ibe : ▁G in ' s ▁first ▁husband ▁from ▁Mal i ▁who ▁dies ▁while ▁taxi ▁driving ▁by ▁a ▁serial ▁killer ▁ ▁Ken ny : ▁G in ' s ▁boss ▁at ▁the ▁previous ▁garage ▁where ▁she ▁worked ▁ ▁C ly de : ▁G in ' s ▁boyfriend ▁who ▁che ats ▁on ▁her ▁with ▁Gl oria ▁ ▁Geoff rey : ▁one ▁of ▁G in ' s ▁colleagues ▁ ▁O u ag ad ou g ou : ▁G in ' s ▁second ▁husband ▁and ▁Tal ibe ' s ▁cousin ▁ ▁Stanley : ▁the ▁serial ▁killer ▁who ▁kills ▁Tal ibe ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁kill ▁G in , ▁but ▁is ▁accidentally ▁killed ▁by ▁G in ▁ ▁Author ' s ▁Insp iration ▁for ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁ ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁was ▁lo os ely ▁based ▁on ▁I va ▁P ek ár k ová ' s ▁experience ▁as ▁a ▁taxi - driver ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁She ▁said ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁The ▁Central ▁Europe ▁Review ▁that ▁she ▁made ▁G in ▁" ... more ▁na ive ▁than ▁I ▁was , ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁discover ▁more , ▁so ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁more ▁shock ing ▁for ▁her ." ▁P ek ár k ová ▁finds ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁easier ▁for ▁her ▁to ▁write ▁stories ▁where ▁cultures ▁are ▁being ▁bl ended , ▁because ▁she ▁sees ▁that ▁as ▁interesting . ▁Like wise , ▁she ▁finds ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁write ▁stories ▁about |
▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁because ▁she ▁cannot ▁find ▁any ▁new ▁or ▁interesting ▁stories ▁from ▁her ▁home ▁country . ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁has ▁both ▁the ▁cl ashing ▁of ▁cultures ▁and ▁the ▁Czech ▁influence ▁through ▁G in ' s ▁views ▁on ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Trans lation ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁translation ▁was ▁completed ▁by ▁I va ▁P ek ár k ová , ▁in ▁order ▁for ▁the ▁publisher ▁to ▁obtain ▁a ▁grant ▁from ▁the ▁Czech ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Culture , ▁they ▁included ▁her ▁husband , ▁Raymond ▁Johnson , ▁in ▁the ▁translation . ▁While ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁translate ▁the ▁novel , ▁he ▁helped ▁P ek ár k ová ▁with ▁editing ▁the ▁translation . ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁was ▁also ▁translated ▁into ▁German ▁by ▁Marcel a ▁E uler ▁under ▁the ▁title : ▁Tax i ▁Blues . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁ ▁G im me ▁the ▁Money ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Mad el aine ▁H ron , ▁Associ ate ▁Professor ▁at ▁Wil fr id ▁La ur ier ▁University ▁for ▁English ▁and ▁Film ▁Studies , ▁as ▁" F resh , ▁gut sy , ▁hilar ious , ▁the ▁novel ▁is ▁one ▁terr ific ▁( and ▁terr ifying ) ▁joy - ride ▁through ▁New ▁York , ▁prop elled ▁by ▁a ▁Czech ▁taxi ▁driver — a ▁woman ▁taxi ▁driver ▁at ▁that ." ▁She ▁also ▁appreciated ▁how ▁even ▁though ▁the ▁novel ▁was ▁about ▁New ▁York , ▁G in ' s ▁Cro at ian ▁roots ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁lost . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 |
▁novels ▁Category : Aut obi ographical ▁novels ▁Category : C zech ▁novels ▁Category : N ov els ▁set ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁exc itation ▁filter ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁quality ▁optical - glass ▁filter ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁flu ores c ence ▁micro sc opy ▁and ▁spect ro sc opic ▁applications ▁for ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁exc itation ▁w avelength ▁of ▁light ▁from ▁a ▁light ▁source . ▁Most ▁exc itation ▁filters ▁select ▁light ▁of ▁relatively ▁short ▁w avelength s ▁from ▁an ▁exc itation ▁light ▁source , ▁as ▁only ▁those ▁w avelength s ▁would ▁carry ▁enough ▁energy ▁to ▁cause ▁the ▁object ▁the ▁micro scope ▁is ▁exam ining ▁to ▁flu ores ce ▁sufficiently . ▁The ▁exc itation ▁filters ▁used ▁may ▁come ▁in ▁two ▁main ▁types ▁— ▁short ▁pass ▁filters ▁and ▁band ▁pass ▁filters . ▁Vari ations ▁of ▁these ▁filters ▁exist ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁not ch ▁filters ▁or ▁deep ▁blocking ▁filters ▁( comm only ▁employed ▁as ▁emission ▁filters ). ▁Other ▁forms ▁of ▁exc itation ▁filters ▁include ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁mon och rom ators , ▁wed ge ▁pr isms ▁coupled ▁with ▁a ▁narrow ▁sl it ▁( for ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁exc itation ▁light ) ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁h olog raph ic ▁diff raction ▁grat ings , ▁etc . ▁[ for ▁beam ▁diff raction ▁of ▁white ▁laser ▁light ▁into ▁the ▁required ▁exc itation ▁w avelength ▁( selected ▁for ▁by ▁a ▁narrow ▁sl it ) ]. ▁ ▁An ▁exc itation ▁filter ▁is ▁commonly ▁pack aged ▁with ▁an ▁emission ▁filter ▁and ▁a ▁dich ro ic ▁beam ▁split ter |
▁in ▁a ▁c ube ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁group ▁is ▁inserted ▁together ▁into ▁the ▁micro scope . ▁The ▁dich ro ic ▁beam ▁split ter ▁controls ▁which ▁w avelength s ▁of ▁light ▁go ▁to ▁their ▁respective ▁filter . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Opt ical ▁filters <0x0A> </s> ▁National ▁Action ▁( , ▁AN ) ▁was ▁a ▁right - wing ▁Mal tes e ▁political ▁party ▁active ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁party ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁two ▁most ▁prominent ▁found ers ▁being ▁Jos ie ▁Mus cat , ▁a ▁medical ▁doctor ▁and ▁entrepreneur ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁MP ▁of ▁the ▁National ist ▁Party , ▁and ▁real ▁estate ▁magn ate ▁An ġ lu ▁X u ere b . ▁Mus cat ▁was ▁elected ▁National ▁Action ' s ▁first ▁Leader . ▁ ▁The ▁party ▁was ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁position ▁on ▁immigration . ▁It ▁believed ▁that ▁Mal ta ▁should ▁close ▁its ▁borders ▁to ▁illegal ▁immigration ▁and , ▁where ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁possible , ▁the ▁European ▁Union ▁( of ▁which ▁Mal ta ▁is ▁a ▁member ) ▁should ▁be ▁oblig ed ▁to ▁share ▁Mal ta ' s ▁burden ▁of ▁illegal ▁immigration . ▁Illegal ▁immigrants ▁should ▁be ▁hosted ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁for ▁not ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁month , ▁then ▁being ▁moved ▁on ▁to ▁other ▁states . ▁ ▁The ▁party ▁has ▁also ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁directly - e lected ▁President ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁with ▁expanded ▁powers ▁and ▁polit ically ▁una ff ili ated , ▁a ▁smaller |
▁Parliament ▁and ▁a ▁Council ▁of ▁State . ▁It ▁also ▁wanted ▁to ▁lower ▁taxes ▁using ▁a ▁flat ▁tax ▁method ology ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁more ▁social ▁responsibility ▁and ▁the ▁cur bing ▁of ▁social ▁services ▁abuse . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁general ▁elections ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Mus cat ▁announced ▁his ▁retirement ▁from ▁politics . ▁He ▁was ▁eventually ▁persu aded ▁to ▁stay ▁on ▁as ▁Party ▁Leader . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁after ▁a ▁second ▁similar ▁showing , ▁this ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁elections ▁for ▁the ▁European ▁Parliament , ▁the ▁Party ' s ▁executive ▁committee ▁proposed ▁to ▁transform ▁the ▁party ▁into ▁a ▁pressure ▁group . ▁ ▁No ▁activities ▁have ▁been ▁noted ▁since . ▁ ▁E lection ▁results ▁ ▁General ▁elections ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Al lean za ▁N azz jon ali ▁Repub bl ik ana ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : E uros cept ic ▁parties ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : Mal tes e ▁national ism ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁dis est ablish ments ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : Right - wing ▁parties ▁in ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁Ag on id ium ▁j ohn ston i ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ground |
▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁sub family ▁Pl at yn ina e . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁All ua ud ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁j ohn ston i ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Viv ian ▁Pen rose ▁Lewis , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Bre con ▁PC ▁( 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Wel sh ▁business man ▁and ▁Conservative ▁politician . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁education ▁Lewis ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Alfred ▁William ▁Lewis , ▁of ▁T aly b ont - on - U sk , ▁Bre con shire , ▁and ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Mon mouth ▁School . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wel sh ▁Affairs ▁by ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Harold ▁Mac mill an , ▁and ▁the ▁following ▁January ▁he ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁peer age ▁as ▁Baron ▁Bre con , ▁of ▁L lan fe igan ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Bre ck n ock . ▁He ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁remained ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wel sh ▁Affairs ▁until ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁under ▁the ▁prem iers hip ▁of ▁Sir ▁Ale c ▁Douglas - Home . ▁ ▁Family ▁Lord ▁Bre con ▁married ▁M abel ▁Helen , ▁daughter |
▁of ▁James ▁Mc Col ville , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁They ▁had ▁two ▁daughters . ▁Lady ▁Bre con ▁was ▁a ▁Justice ▁of ▁the ▁Peace ▁for ▁Bre con shire ▁and ▁High ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁the ▁county ▁for ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁she ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁C BE . ▁Lord ▁Bre con ▁died ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁aged ▁ 7 1 . ▁As ▁he ▁had ▁no ▁sons ▁the ▁title ▁became ▁ext inct ▁on ▁his ▁death . ▁Lady ▁Bre con ▁survived ▁her ▁husband ▁by ▁almost ▁thirty ▁years ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁aged ▁ 9 6 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ar ms ▁of ▁David ▁Lewis , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Bre con , ▁at ▁her edit ary tit les . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : Bar ons ▁in ▁the ▁Pe er age ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : W el sh ▁Conservative ▁M EP s ▁Category : ME Ps ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ 1 9 7 3 – 1 9 7 9 ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Mon mouth ▁School <0x0A> </s> ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁was ▁a ▁public ▁health ▁campaign ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁led ▁by ▁Michelle ▁Obama , ▁wife ▁of ▁then - Pres ident ▁Bar ack ▁Obama . ▁The ▁campaign ▁aims ▁to |
▁reduce ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁and ▁encourage ▁a ▁healthy ▁lifestyle ▁in ▁children . ▁ ▁The ▁initiative ▁has ▁the ▁initially ▁stated ▁goal ▁of ▁" s olving ▁the ▁challenge ▁of ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁within ▁a ▁generation ▁so ▁that ▁children ▁born ▁today ▁will ▁reach ▁ad ul th ood ▁at ▁a ▁healthy ▁weight ." ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁seeks ▁to ▁decrease ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁to ▁ 5 % ▁by ▁ 2 0 3 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁campaign ▁was ▁announced ▁on ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁by ▁Michelle ▁Obama . ▁The ▁campaign ▁was ▁funded ▁by ▁diver ting ▁money ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁Supp lement al ▁Nut rition ▁Ass istance ▁Program ▁( food ▁st amps ). ▁Obama ▁indicated ▁the ▁campaign ▁would ▁encourage ▁health ier ▁food ▁in ▁schools , ▁better ▁food ▁label ing ▁and ▁more ▁physical ▁activity ▁for ▁children . ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁date , ▁Obama ▁signed ▁a ▁presidential ▁memor and um ▁creating ▁the ▁Task ▁Force ▁on ▁Child hood ▁Ob es ity ▁to ▁review ▁current ▁programs ▁and ▁develop ▁a ▁national ▁action ▁plan . ▁The ▁Task ▁Force ▁reviews ▁policy ▁and ▁programs ▁related ▁to ▁child ▁nutrition ▁and ▁physical ▁activity . ▁It ▁hopes ▁to ▁create ▁change ▁through ▁a ▁national ▁action ▁plan ▁with ▁five ▁goals : ▁ ▁Creat ing ▁a ▁healthy ▁start ▁for ▁children ▁Emp ower ing ▁parents ▁and ▁care g ivers ▁Prov iding ▁healthy ▁food ▁in ▁schools ▁Impro ving ▁access ▁to ▁healthy , ▁affordable ▁foods ▁Incre asing ▁physical ▁activity ▁The ▁White ▁House ▁Task ▁Force ▁hopes ▁to ▁bring ▁the ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁rate ▁down ▁to ▁five |
▁percent ▁by ▁ 2 0 3 0 . ▁ ▁A ▁song , ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body ", ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁campaign ▁called ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁Flash ▁Work out . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁by ▁Bey on cé ▁and ▁Sw izz ▁Be atz , ▁and ▁the ▁video ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁a ▁school ▁caf eter ia ▁where ▁Bey on cé ▁was ▁dancing ▁with ▁children . ▁ ▁The ▁initiative ▁was ▁led ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁by ▁Sam ▁K ass , ▁the ▁personal ▁chef ▁to ▁the ▁Ob amas ▁who ▁became ▁the ▁first - ever ▁White ▁House ▁Senior ▁Policy ▁Ad visor ▁on ▁Nut rition . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁as ▁both ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁and ▁Senior ▁Policy ▁Ad visor ▁on ▁Nut rition ▁by ▁Deb ra ▁E sch me yer , ▁a ▁co found er ▁of ▁Food Cor ps . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁initiative ▁was ▁a ▁collaboration ▁of ▁many ▁government ▁agencies ▁and ▁private ▁entities , ▁it ▁lack ed ▁full - time ▁employees . ▁Department ▁heads , ▁business ▁execut ives , ▁volunteers , ▁teachers , ▁legisl ators , ▁and ▁others ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁mission ▁and ▁goals ▁of ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁their ▁primary ▁work ▁obligations . ▁Michelle ▁Obama ▁is ▁the ▁chief ▁spokes woman ▁and ▁promot er , ▁but ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁staff ▁solely ▁dedicated ▁to ▁carrying ▁out ▁the ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁initiative . ▁ ▁Child hood ▁ob es ity ▁ ▁Body ▁mass ▁index ▁( B MI ) |
▁is ▁a ▁measurement ▁of ▁weight ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁height ▁that ▁can ▁help ▁to ▁determine ▁weight ▁status . ▁ ▁In ▁children , ▁the ▁Cent ers ▁for ▁Dise ase ▁Control ▁and ▁Pre vention ▁( CD C ) ▁determine ▁that ▁is ▁over weight ▁if ▁he / she ▁is ▁above ▁the ▁ 8 5 th ▁percent ile ▁and ▁lower ▁than ▁the ▁ 9 5 th ▁percent ile ▁and ▁ob ese ▁if ▁at ▁or ▁above ▁the ▁ 9 5 th ▁percent ile . ▁ ▁The ▁C DC ▁indicates ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁several ▁factors ▁that ▁can ▁contribute ▁to ▁childhood ▁ob es ity : ▁genetic ▁factors ; ▁behavior al ▁factors ▁including ▁energy ▁int ake , ▁physical ▁activity ▁and ▁sed ent ary ▁behavior ; ▁and ▁environmental ▁factors . ▁Over weight ▁and ▁ob es ity ▁pose ▁many ▁potential ▁risks ▁and ▁consequences : ▁psychological ; ▁card iov ascular ▁disease ; ▁among ▁additional ▁risks ▁including ▁ast h ma , ▁he p atic ▁ste at osis , ▁sleep ▁ap nea , ▁and ▁type ▁ 2 ▁diabetes . ▁Today ▁nearly ▁one ▁in ▁five ▁children ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁between ▁ages ▁ 6 – 1 9 ▁are ▁ob ese , ▁and ▁one ▁in ▁three ▁are ▁over weight . ▁The ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁rate ▁tri pled ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 1 9 9 9 ▁creating ▁an ▁epid emic ▁and ▁a ▁generation ▁where ▁children ▁may ▁have ▁shorter ▁life ▁sp ans ▁than ▁their ▁parents . ▁ ▁The ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁initiative ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁reform ▁of ▁behavior al ▁factors ▁and ▁environmental ▁factors |
▁by ▁focusing ▁on ▁active ▁lif est yles ▁and ▁healthy ▁eating ▁through ▁community ▁involvement , ▁including ▁but ▁not ▁limited ▁to ▁schools , ▁parents , ▁work ▁places , ▁and ▁healthcare ▁providers . ▁ ▁Nut rition ▁To ▁promote ▁healthy ▁eating , ▁the ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁initiative ▁emphas izes ▁nutrition ▁information , ▁a ▁next ▁generation ▁food ▁" icon ", ▁food ▁nutrition ▁label ing ▁and ▁having ▁ped iat ric ians ▁as ▁partners . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁( US DA ) ▁presents ▁its ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁food ▁choice ▁guidelines ▁on ▁the ▁web page ▁called ▁My Pl ate , ▁located ▁at ▁Choose My Pl ate . gov . ▁ ▁Gu idelines ▁take ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁" half ▁all ▁gr ains ▁eaten ▁should ▁be ▁whole ▁gr ains " ▁ ▁and ▁ 3 7 ▁nutrition ▁tips . ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁also ▁provides ▁consumers ▁with ▁nutrition ▁information ▁through ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Food ▁and ▁Drug ▁Administration ▁( or ▁F DA )' s ▁ ▁" New ▁Front - of - Package ▁Label ing ▁Init iative " ▁and ▁" New ▁Menu ▁and ▁V ending ▁Mach ines ▁Label ing ▁Requ ire ments ". ▁ ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁advoc ates ▁healthy ▁eating ▁habits ▁to ▁be ▁promoted ▁by ▁families , ▁schools , ▁and ▁communities . ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁ur ges ▁mothers ▁to ▁eat ▁more ▁health ily ▁when ▁pregnant ▁and ▁offers ▁links ▁to ▁a ▁special ▁" My Py ram id ▁Plan ▁for ▁M oms " ▁so ▁they ▁can ▁create ▁a ▁personal ized ▁and ▁healthy ▁diet |
. ▁The ▁initiative ▁also ▁provides ▁guidelines ▁for ▁parents ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁and ▁promote ▁healthy ▁eating ▁habits ▁for ▁their ▁entire ▁family ▁and ▁children . ▁In ▁order ▁for ▁health ier ▁eating ▁to ▁be ▁promoted ▁at ▁schools , ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁prom otes ▁the ▁US DA ' s ▁Health ier US ▁School ▁Challenge . ▁ ▁Random ▁House ▁publish ers ▁has ▁said ▁Michelle ▁Obama ▁will ▁be ▁writing ▁a ▁book ▁on ▁her ▁White ▁House ▁garden , ▁and ▁her ▁family ' s ▁favorite ▁healthy ▁cooking ▁ideas . ▁ ▁Community ▁involvement ▁For ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁to ▁work ▁effectively , ▁communities ▁would ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁involved , ▁schools ▁would ▁need ▁to ▁implement ▁health ▁programs , ▁and ▁parents ▁would ▁need ▁to ▁teach ▁their ▁children ▁healthy ▁habits . ▁The ▁following ▁sections ▁describe ▁how ▁organizations ▁and ▁businesses ▁have ▁gotten ▁involved ▁in ▁this ▁nation wide ▁movement . ▁ ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁First ▁Lady ▁Michelle ▁Obama ' s ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁campaign . ▁The ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁program ▁is ▁a ▁nation wide ▁effort ▁to ▁teach ▁cul inary ▁skills ▁to ▁school ▁children ▁and ▁to ▁get ▁them ▁to ▁try ▁new , ▁health ful ▁food ▁options . ▁Professional ▁che fs ▁volunteer ▁a ▁specified ▁amount ▁of ▁their ▁time ▁to ▁cook ▁with ▁students ▁and / or ▁to ▁help ▁train ▁school ▁workers ▁in ▁how ▁to ▁prepare ▁and ▁provide ▁food ▁in ▁a ▁health ier ▁manner . ▁As ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁about |
▁ 3 , 5 0 0 ▁schools ▁were ▁partner ed ▁with ▁professional ▁che fs ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁educ ate ▁students ▁about ▁a ▁health ier ▁diet ▁in ▁an ▁entertaining ▁and ▁appealing ▁way . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁is ▁also ▁figure ▁headed ▁by ▁Che f ▁Sam ▁K ass , ▁an ▁assistant ▁chef ▁at ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁and ▁the ▁Senior ▁Policy ▁Ad visor ▁for ▁Health y ▁Food ▁Init i atives . ▁Food ▁Network ▁star ▁R ach ael ▁Ray ▁also ▁publicly ▁supports ▁the ▁program ▁and ▁has ▁encouraged ▁children ▁to ▁be ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁kitchen ▁on ▁episodes ▁of ▁her ▁show ▁R ach ael ▁Ray . ▁Other ▁partners ▁of ▁the ▁program ▁include ▁the ▁School ▁Nut rition ▁Association , ▁the ▁American ▁C ul inary ▁Federation , ▁Cook ing ▁Mat ters , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁the ▁C ul inary ▁Trust , ▁the ▁Part nership ▁for ▁a ▁Health ier ▁America , ▁Corn ell ▁University , ▁Philip ▁Lem pert ▁the ▁Super market ▁G uru , ▁the ▁Harvard ▁School ▁of ▁Public ▁Health , ▁the ▁International ▁Corpor ate ▁Che fs ▁Association , ▁and ▁the ▁Food ▁Service ▁Management ▁Institute . ▁ ▁Che fs ▁can ▁sign ▁up ▁to ▁participate ▁in ▁the ▁program ▁on ▁the ▁website ▁on ▁the ▁official ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁website ▁to ▁be ▁matched ▁with ▁a ▁school ▁in ▁their ▁area . ▁They ▁can ▁select ▁any ▁or ▁all ▁of ▁what ▁they ▁are ▁interested ▁in : ▁helping ▁to ▁plant ▁a ▁school ▁garden , ▁teaching ▁children ▁about ▁health ier ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁classroom , ▁helping ▁officials ▁to ▁develop ▁school ▁lunch ▁menu ▁items |
, ▁and ▁training ▁students ▁about ▁cul inary ▁skills ▁in ▁the ▁kitchen . ▁On ▁the ▁application , ▁che fs ▁are ▁also ▁asked ▁to ▁provide ▁information ▁about ▁their ▁qual ifications ▁and ▁training . ▁Che fs ▁are ▁asked ▁to ▁specify ▁how ▁many ▁hours ▁they ▁can ▁dev ote ▁to ▁the ▁program ▁and ▁which ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁week ▁they ▁can ▁volunteer . ▁These ▁profiles ▁are ▁matched ▁with ▁other ▁profiles ▁that ▁are ▁created ▁by ▁schools ▁to ▁become ▁an ▁official ▁partnership . ▁ ▁Once ▁the ▁partnership ▁is ▁created , ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁provides ▁schools ▁and ▁che fs ▁with ▁resources ▁to ▁help ▁them ▁get ▁started ▁and ▁to ▁help ▁guide ▁both ▁parties ▁through ▁a ▁successful ▁process . ▁ ▁Business ▁involvement ▁Private ▁businesses ▁have ▁also ▁decided ▁to ▁make ▁changes ▁to ▁improve ▁healthy ▁habits ▁for ▁kids . ▁For ▁example , ▁Disney ▁now ▁requires ▁that ▁all ▁foods ▁sold ▁and ▁advert ised ▁have ▁to ▁follow ▁nut r itional ▁guidelines ▁of ▁increasing ▁fruit ▁and ▁veget able ▁consumption ▁while ▁decre asing ▁cal orie ▁count . ▁Also , ▁Wal gre ens , ▁Super val , ▁and ▁Wal mart ▁have ▁announced ▁building ▁or ▁expanding ▁stores ▁in ▁areas ▁that ▁have ▁limited ▁access ▁to ▁healthy ▁foods . ▁ ▁Physical ▁activity ▁ ▁The ▁C DC ▁recomm ends ▁that ▁children ▁engage ▁in ▁one ▁hour ▁or ▁more ▁of ▁physical ▁activity ▁every ▁day . ▁ ▁It ▁states ▁that ▁children ▁should ▁do ▁three ▁different ▁types ▁of ▁activity : ▁aer ob ic ▁activity , ▁muscle ▁strengthen ing , ▁and ▁bone ▁strengthen ing . ▁ ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁looks ▁to ▁promote ▁physical ▁activity ▁through ▁the |
▁support ▁and ▁cooperation ▁of ▁families , ▁schools , ▁and ▁communities . ▁ ▁On ▁children , ▁the ▁initiative ▁states , ▁" Th ose ▁who ▁feel ▁supported ▁by ▁friends ▁and ▁families ▁or ▁are ▁surrounded ▁by ▁others ▁interested ▁in ▁physical ▁activity , ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁participate ." ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁also ▁provides ▁several ▁guidelines ▁for ▁schools ▁to ▁promote ▁physical ▁activity , ▁including ▁strong ▁physical ▁education ▁programs , ▁and ▁indicates ▁the ▁subs id izing ▁of ▁such ▁guidelines ▁with ▁several ▁government ▁programs . ▁Gu idelines ▁by ▁which ▁physical ▁activity ▁can ▁be ▁promoted ▁in ▁communities ▁are ▁also ▁outlined ▁on ▁the ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁website . ▁ ▁Impact ▁evaluation ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁Dise ase ▁Control ▁pub l ishes ▁ob es ity ▁rates ▁broken ▁down ▁by ▁age ▁group . ▁The ▁report ▁found ▁that ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁ob es ity ▁rate ▁dropped ▁by ▁ 3 . 7 ▁percentage ▁points ▁among ▁children ▁aged ▁ 2 – 5 , ▁dropped ▁by ▁ 0 . 3 ▁points ▁among ▁those ▁aged ▁ 6 – 1 1 , ▁and ▁increased ▁by ▁ 2 . 1 ▁points ▁among ▁those ▁aged ▁ 1 2 – 1 9 . ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁rates ▁had ▁not ▁changed ▁much ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁but ▁had ▁dropped ▁significantly ▁among ▁the ▁youngest ▁children ; ▁the ▁exact ▁impact ▁that ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁has ▁had ▁on ▁these ▁trends ▁is ▁uncertain . ▁ ▁A ▁major ▁concern ▁with ▁the ▁Let |
' s ▁Move ▁program ▁is ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁evaluate ▁itself , ▁nor ▁is ▁it ▁documented ▁how ▁much ▁money ▁was ▁spent . ▁It ▁allows ▁programs ▁like ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Dise ase ▁Control ▁and ▁other ▁independent ▁organizations ▁to ▁evaluate ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁is ▁making ▁a ▁difference . ▁This ▁causes ▁critics ▁and ▁pro ponents ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁hard ▁time ▁improving ▁the ▁program ▁without ▁measurements , ▁and ▁the ▁program ▁lack s ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁impact . ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁would ▁benefit ▁imm ens ely ▁from ▁putting ▁together ▁its ▁own ▁group ▁to ▁go ▁through ▁steps ▁to ▁evaluate ▁how ▁its ▁program ▁is ▁affecting ▁the ▁country . ▁It ▁should ▁be ▁evaluated ▁on ▁two ▁major ▁indic ators : ▁increasing ▁healthy ▁childhood ▁eating ▁and ▁increasing ▁childhood ▁physical ▁activity . ▁ ▁Coll abor ation ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁faces ▁a ▁challenge : ▁effective ▁coord ination ▁between ▁all ▁involved ▁agencies , ▁companies , ▁non - prof its , ▁and ▁levels ▁of ▁government . ▁Dr . ▁Sus anna ▁Campbell , ▁an ▁international ▁relations ▁scholar , ▁and ▁Michael ▁H arn ett , ▁an ▁international ▁business ▁professional , ▁conducted ▁research ▁and ▁discussed ▁the ▁barriers ▁to ▁coord ination , ▁the ▁main ▁concepts ▁of ▁coord ination , ▁and ▁recommendations ▁for ▁improving ▁coord ination . ▁Rodr igo ▁S err ano ▁also ▁provides ▁insight ▁into ▁creating ▁incent ive ▁programs ▁to ▁promote ▁coord ination . ▁ ▁Organ izations ▁are ▁sovere ign ▁and ▁the ▁individuals ▁within ▁are ▁account able ▁first ▁to ▁their ▁organization ▁and ▁second ▁to ▁the ▁coord ination ▁effort . ▁Conf lic ts ▁can ▁arise ▁when |
▁the ▁goals ▁of ▁the ▁coord ination ▁process ▁don ' t ▁align ▁well ▁with ▁an ▁agency ' s ▁main ▁goals . ▁If ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁pressing ▁problem ▁to ▁solve , ▁it ▁acts ▁as ▁its ▁own ▁incent ive ▁for ▁coord ination ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁the ▁problem ▁involves ▁a ▁possibility ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁coord inated ▁solution . ▁Of ▁all ▁the ▁incent ive ▁programs ▁proposed , ▁an ▁incent ive ▁system ▁involving ▁recognition ▁may ▁be ▁the ▁most ▁effective ▁and ▁efficient . ▁Ag encies ▁and ▁organizations ▁associated ▁with ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁could ▁receive ▁an ▁award ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁making ▁a ▁positive ▁impact ▁according ▁to ▁Let ' s ▁Move ' s ▁goals ▁and ▁mission . ▁Organ izations ▁could ▁report ▁their ▁impact ▁to ▁the ▁Task ▁Force , ▁and ▁Michelle ▁Obama ▁could ▁recognize ▁the ▁organizations ▁that ▁engaged ▁the ▁most ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁greatest ▁impact . ▁The ▁award ▁would ▁also ▁help ▁remind ▁organizations ▁of ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁working ▁together ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁childhood ▁ob es ity . ▁ ▁Let ' s ▁Move ▁could ▁also ▁improve ▁its ▁coord ination ▁process ▁by ▁establishing ▁clear ▁field ▁officers ▁in ▁each ▁associated ▁organization ▁and ▁have ▁them ▁report ▁to ▁a ▁central ▁authority ▁figure , ▁like ▁the ▁Task ▁Force ▁on ▁Child hood ▁Ob es ity . ▁The ▁improved ▁coord ination ▁process ▁would ▁make ▁sure ▁each ▁organization ▁or ▁agency ▁is ▁account able ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁isn ' t ▁overlap ▁or ▁redu nd ancy ▁ ▁Acc om pl ish ments ▁▁ 5 9 7 ▁museum s ▁and ▁gardens ▁in ▁all ▁ 5 0 ▁states ▁have ▁signed ▁up ▁to |
▁offer ▁active ▁exhib its ▁and ▁healthy ▁food ▁choices ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁Museum s ▁and ▁Gard ens . ▁The ▁Department ▁of ▁Defense ▁updated ▁their ▁nut r itional ▁standards ▁to ▁include ▁more ▁fresh ▁fruits , ▁vegetables , ▁whole ▁gr ains , ▁lean ▁me ats , ▁and ▁low - f at ▁d airy ▁products ▁with ▁every ▁meal ▁for ▁troops . ▁ ▁Wal mart ▁lowered ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁fruits , ▁vegetables , ▁and ▁whole ▁grain ▁products ▁by ▁$ 1 ▁billion ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁They ▁also ▁promised ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁manufacturers ▁to ▁eliminate ▁trans ▁f ats ▁and ▁remove ▁ 1 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁sugar ▁and ▁ 2 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁sod ium ▁in ▁the ▁food ▁they ▁sell ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Bird s ▁Eye ▁committed ▁to ▁spending ▁at ▁least ▁$ 2 ▁million ▁per ▁year ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁to ▁marketing ▁and ▁advertising ▁efforts ▁designed ▁to ▁encourage ▁children ▁to ▁consume ▁and ▁enjoy ▁vegetables , ▁including ▁ 5 0 ▁million ▁cou pons ▁to ▁promote ▁vegetables . ▁ ▁The ▁First ▁Lady ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁US ▁T ennis ▁Association ▁to ▁build ▁or ▁ref urb ish ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 , 2 0 0 ▁kid - sized ▁tennis ▁courts ▁across ▁the ▁country , ▁sign ▁up ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁kids ▁to ▁complete ▁their ▁P AL As , ▁and ▁train ▁ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁coaches ▁to ▁help ▁kids ▁learn ▁tennis . ▁ ▁The ▁Blue ▁Cross ▁Blue ▁Sh ield ▁Association ▁funded ▁street |
- clos ings , ▁called ▁" Play ▁Stre ets ," ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁safe ▁place ▁for ▁children ▁and ▁families ▁to ▁run , ▁walk , ▁bike , ▁or ▁play ▁outside ▁freely ▁without ▁traffic . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁at ▁least ▁four ▁Play ▁Stre ets ▁per ▁city / town ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁cities / town s ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁will ▁be ▁funded . ▁ ▁The ▁President ' s ▁Council ▁on ▁F itness , ▁Sports ▁and ▁Nut rition ▁updated ▁the ▁President ' s ▁Challenge ▁Youth ▁F itness ▁Test ▁to ▁reflect ▁the ▁latest ▁science ▁on ▁kids ' ▁health ▁and ▁promote ▁active , ▁healthy ▁lif est yles ▁rather ▁than ▁athlet ic ▁performance ▁and ▁competition . ▁The ▁new ▁President ial ▁Youth ▁F itness ▁Program ▁is ▁a ▁volunt ary , ▁school - based ▁program ▁that ▁assess es ▁students ' ▁fitness - based ▁health ▁and ▁helps ▁them ▁progress ▁over ▁time . ▁The ▁new ▁program ▁will ▁be ▁implemented ▁in ▁ 2 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁US ▁schools ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁ 9 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁US ▁schools ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁Part nership ▁for ▁a ▁Health ier ▁America ▁team ed ▁up ▁with ▁ 1 5 7 ▁hospitals ▁to ▁deliver ▁more ▁healthy ▁options ▁to ▁patients ▁and ▁on - site ▁caf eter ias . ▁ ▁Through ▁the ▁Health ier US ▁School ▁Challenge , ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁schools ▁now ▁meet ▁high ▁standards ▁in ▁nutrition ▁and ▁fitness . ▁▁ ▁Wal gre ens , ▁Super val |
u , ▁Wal mart ▁and ▁several ▁regional ▁gro cers ▁announced ▁a ▁commitment ▁to ▁build ▁or ▁expand ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁stores ▁in ▁communities ▁with ▁limited ▁or ▁no ▁access ▁to ▁healthy ▁food . ▁This ▁initiative ▁will ▁provide ▁access ▁to ▁fresh ▁food ▁to ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 9 . 5 ▁million ▁people ▁who ▁currently ▁have ▁limited ▁access . ▁In ▁California ▁alone , ▁the ▁Fresh ▁Works ▁Fund ▁has ▁committed ▁ 2 0 0 ▁million ▁dollars ▁to ▁this ▁effort ▁to ▁increase ▁access ▁to ▁healthy ▁food . ▁ ▁The ▁First ▁Lady ▁launched ▁My Pl ate ▁and ▁Mi Pl ato , ▁an ▁easy ▁to ▁understand ▁icon ▁to ▁help ▁parents ▁make ▁health ier ▁choices ▁for ▁their ▁families . ▁More ▁than ▁ 6 , 1 0 0 ▁community ▁groups ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 ▁national ▁organizations ▁and ▁corporations ▁have ▁partner ed ▁with ▁the ▁US DA ▁to ▁give ▁families ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁access ▁to ▁this ▁important ▁nut r itional ▁information . ▁ ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁Flash ▁Work out ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁Flash ▁Work out ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁initiative ▁by ▁Bey on cé ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Michelle ▁Obama , ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Broad cas ters ▁Education ▁Foundation ▁to ▁help ▁boost ▁her ▁campaign ▁against ▁child ▁ob es ity . ▁ ▁Bey on cé ▁re work ed ▁" Get ▁Me ▁Bod ied " ▁and ▁renamed ▁it ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁for ▁the ▁Let ' s ▁Move ! ▁Flash ▁Work out ▁initiative . ▁A ▁Spanish ▁version ▁was ▁also ▁created . ▁The ▁lyrics ▁were ▁switched |
▁to ▁fit ▁the ▁cause . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁lyrics ▁include ▁the ▁line : ▁" Don ' t ▁just ▁stand ▁there ▁on ▁the ▁wall , ▁everybody ▁just ▁move ▁your ▁body , ▁move ▁your ▁body , ▁move ▁your ▁body ." ▁The ▁song ▁is ▁a ▁step - by - step ▁flash ▁dance - style ▁workout ▁that ▁comb ines ▁hip ▁hop , ▁Latin ▁and ▁dance hall ▁moves ▁with ▁traditional ▁exercise . ▁On ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁an ▁instruction al ▁video ▁featuring ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁teen agers ▁dancing ▁to ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁was ▁released ▁online . ▁After ▁a ▁few ▁days , ▁Bey on cé ▁has ▁said ▁that ▁she ▁" w ould ▁record ▁her ▁own ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁exercise ▁routine " ▁to ▁show ▁kids ▁how ▁it ▁is ▁done ▁by ▁shooting ▁a ▁new ▁music ▁video ▁featuring ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁fun ▁work outs ▁to ▁accompany ▁the ▁track . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Bey on cé ▁released ▁a ▁video ▁of ▁her ▁own ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁exercise ▁routine . ▁Con cer ning ▁the ▁campaign , ▁Bey on cé ▁expressed : ▁▁ ▁I ▁am ▁excited ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁this ▁effort ▁that ▁addresses ▁a ▁public ▁health ▁crisis . ▁First ▁Lady ▁Michelle ▁Obama ▁deserves ▁credit ▁for ▁tack ling ▁this ▁issue ▁directly , ▁and ▁I ▁appl aud ▁the ▁N AB ▁Education ▁Foundation ▁for ▁trying ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁positive ▁difference ▁in ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁our ▁school children . ▁ ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁ ▁Bey on cé ▁re work ed |
▁her ▁original ▁" Get ▁Me ▁Bod ied " ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁into ▁what ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁" k id - friend l ier " ▁track ▁titled ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Ch ore ography ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁Frank ▁G at son , ▁who ▁additionally ▁created ▁the ▁ch ore ography ▁for ▁" Single ▁Lad ies ▁( Put ▁a ▁Ring ▁on ▁It ) ". ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁an ▁instruction al ▁video ▁featuring ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁teen agers ▁dancing ▁to ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁was ▁released ▁online . ▁After ▁a ▁few ▁days , ▁Bey on cé ▁said ▁that ▁she ▁" w ould ▁record ▁her ▁own ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁exercise ▁routine " ▁to ▁show ▁kids ▁how ▁it ▁is ▁done ▁by ▁shooting ▁a ▁new ▁music ▁video ▁featuring ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁fun ▁work outs ▁to ▁accompany ▁the ▁track . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Bey on cé ▁released ▁a ▁video ▁directed ▁by ▁Mel ina ▁M ats ou k as ▁for ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body ". ▁In ▁the ▁video , ▁students ▁join ▁Bey on cé ▁to ▁perform ▁ch ore ography ▁by ▁Frank ▁G at son . ▁In ▁the ▁ch ore ography , ▁Bey on cé ▁and ▁the ▁students ▁" mix ▁s als a , ▁dance hall , ▁and ▁the ▁running ▁man ." ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁takes ▁place ▁as ▁a ▁four - minute ▁long ▁flash ▁mob |
. ▁The ▁video ▁begins ▁during ▁lunch ▁hour ▁at ▁what ▁looks ▁like ▁a ▁junior ▁high ▁caf eter ia . ▁Everything ▁is ▁status ▁qu o ▁until ▁Bey on cé , ▁wearing ▁short ▁shorts ▁and ▁green ▁knee - high ▁socks , ▁enters ▁the ▁caf eter ia ▁doors ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁song . ▁After ▁Bey on cé ' s ▁entry , ▁all ▁the ▁kids ▁jump ▁to ▁their ▁feet , ▁following ▁along ▁as ▁Bey on cé ▁leads ▁the ▁group ▁through ▁all ▁kinds ▁of ▁d ances . ▁ ▁The ▁instruction al ▁video ▁was ▁distributed ▁to ▁participating ▁schools ▁across ▁the ▁country ▁on ▁May ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁during ▁a ▁' d ance - in '. ▁Bey on cé ▁was ▁at ▁P . S . ▁ 1 6 1 ▁middle ▁school ▁in ▁Har lem ▁on ▁that ▁particular ▁date . ▁She ▁taught ▁students ▁the ▁moves ▁from ▁her ▁" Move ▁Your ▁Body " ▁video . ▁Bey on cé ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁gym ▁much ▁to ▁the ▁delight ▁of ▁her ▁young ▁fans , ▁who ▁d anced ▁alongside ▁her ▁and ▁took ▁photos . ▁La ure tta ▁Charl ton ▁of ▁Black ▁Entertainment ▁Television ▁( B ET ) ▁gave ▁the ▁video ▁a ▁positive ▁review ▁stating ▁that ▁" It ' s ▁impossible ▁to ▁watch ▁without ▁wanting ▁to , ▁well , ▁move ▁your ▁body ." ▁Nicole ▁James ▁of ▁M TV ▁B uzz worthy ▁showed ▁great ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁video ▁and ▁its ▁message , ▁stating ▁that ▁Bey on cé ▁gets ▁kids ▁heart ▁pump ing , ▁" in ▁more ▁ways ▁than ▁one ". ▁Gen ev ieve ▁Kos |
ki ▁of ▁The ▁A . V . ▁Club ▁added ▁that ▁" if ▁anything ▁can ▁help ▁cur b ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁childhood ▁ob es ity ▁problem , ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁gal van izing ▁power ▁of ▁Bey on cé ▁Know les ▁dancing ", ▁and ▁further ▁praised ▁how ▁"[ the ] ▁bunch ▁of ▁cute ▁kids ▁[ were ] ▁doing ▁the ▁Running ▁Man ▁and ▁The ▁Dou gie ▁in ▁the ▁caf eter ia ▁with ▁Bey on cé ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁American ▁G rown : ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁Kitchen ▁Garden ▁and ▁Gard ens ▁Ac ross ▁America ▁Every ▁Kid ▁in ▁a ▁Park ▁ ▁Songs ▁for ▁a ▁Health ier ▁America ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁White ▁House ▁Kitchen ▁Garden ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁( off line ) ▁Arch ived ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁official ▁website ▁choose my pl ate . gov ▁( was ▁my py ram id . gov ) ▁Food ▁and ▁Nut rition ▁Service ▁Che fs ▁Move ▁to ▁Schools ▁ ▁Category : Ob es ity ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : American ▁children ▁Category : Ob ama ▁Administration ▁initiatives ▁Category : D iet ▁food ▁advoc ates ▁Category : B ey on cé ▁songs ▁Category : Mic hel le ▁Obama <0x0A> </s> ▁D h ull u ▁G aid i ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁development ▁committee ▁in ▁Bag lung ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁D ha ul ag iri ▁Zone ▁of ▁central ▁Nep al . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Bag lung ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Marg it ▁Mad ar ász ▁( |
Aug ust ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁— ▁February ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Hung arian ▁tennis ▁player , ▁the ▁first ▁Hung arian ▁woman ▁to ▁play ▁tennis ▁internation ally . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Marg it ▁Laura ▁Mad ar ász ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Budapest , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁artist ▁Gy ula ▁Mad ar ász ▁and ▁Marg it ▁M á ria ▁L ig eti . ▁ ▁Her ▁mater nal ▁grandfather ▁was ▁artist ▁Ant al ▁L ig eti . ▁Her ▁half - s ister s ▁K atal in ▁C s é ry ▁and ▁Sar ol ta ▁C s é ry ▁also ▁played ▁tennis . ▁ ▁Career ▁Mad ar ász ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Hung arian ▁woman ▁to ▁play ▁tennis ▁internation ally . ▁She ▁began ▁competing ▁in ▁tennis ▁matches ▁with ▁the ▁Budapest ▁La wn ▁T ennis ▁Club ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁national ▁champion ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 4 . ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁German ▁women ' s ▁singles ▁championship ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁in ▁Hamburg . ▁She ▁also ▁played ▁at ▁Monte ▁Carlo ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁" On ▁several ▁occasions ▁the ▁Hung arian ▁lady , ▁M lle . ▁de ▁Mad ar asz , ▁showed ▁up ▁well ▁with ▁her ▁powerful ▁service ," ▁one ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁report ▁explained , ▁" and ▁it ▁was ▁mainly |
▁from ▁lack ▁of ▁stam ina ▁that ▁this ▁young ▁player ▁failed ▁to ▁do ▁even ▁better ." ▁She ▁qualified ▁for ▁and ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁London , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁compete . ▁Instead , ▁she ▁retired ▁from ▁tennis ▁when ▁she ▁married ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Mad ar ász ▁married ▁twice , ▁first , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁to ▁P ál ▁K un z ▁( who ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁and ▁second , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁to ▁K á ro ly ▁Th ur ó czy . ▁Later ▁in ▁life ▁she ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁social ▁host ess ▁in ▁Budapest ▁before ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁She ▁was ▁wid owed ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁and ▁she ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁aged ▁ 7 4 ▁years . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁A ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁photograph ▁of ▁Mad ar ász ▁playing ▁a ▁mixed ▁dou bles ▁match ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁of ▁France , ▁from ▁Get ty ▁Images . ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : H ung arian ▁female ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Budapest <0x0A> </s> ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( 1 9 3 7 – 2 0 0 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁jazz ▁sa x oph on ist . ▁ ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : |
▁ ▁Joe ▁" Mr ▁P iano " ▁Hend erson ▁( 1 9 2 0 – 1 9 8 0 ), ▁British ▁pian ist ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( g ospel ▁singer ) ▁( 1 9 3 7 – 1 9 6 4 ), ▁g ospel ▁singer ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( runner ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 3 ), ▁runner , ▁running ▁coach , ▁and ▁fitness ▁writer ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( base ball ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁ML B ▁player ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( foot ball er , ▁born ▁ 1 9 2 4 ) ▁( 1 9 2 4 – 1 9 8 4 ), ▁Scottish ▁football ▁player ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( foot ball er , ▁born ▁ 1 9 9 3 ), ▁English ▁football ▁player ▁Lo ft on ▁R . ▁Hend erson ▁( 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 4 2 ), ▁U . S . ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁naval ▁av i ator ▁nick named ▁Joe ▁Joe ▁Hend erson ▁( grid iron ▁football ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁grid iron ▁football ▁line back er ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Joseph ▁Hend erson ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁play - offs ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁Amer icas ▁Zone ▁Group ▁I ▁were ▁the ▁final ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁Group ▁I ▁Z onal ▁Compet ition ▁involving ▁teams ▁from ▁the ▁Amer icas . ▁Using ▁the ▁positions ▁determined ▁in ▁their ▁pool s , ▁the ▁eight ▁teams ▁faced ▁off ▁to ▁determine ▁their ▁placing |
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