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10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_284 | Those aged 35 to 49 experienced the highest level of happiness, while those between age 18 and 22 reported a decline in their happiness. | Those who have children at older ages or who have more education have a particularly positive happiness response to a first birth; and although having the first two children increases happiness, having a third child does not. | The happiness level of parents varied among different ages. Those aged 35 to 49 experienced the highest level of happiness, while those between age 18 and 22 reported a decline in their happiness. A first-born child brought the most happiness, no matter what age the parents were. | Sociodemographic factors strongly modify this pattern. Those who have children at older ages or who have more education have a particularly positive happiness response to a first birth; and although having the first two children increases happiness, having a third child does not. The results, which are similar in Britain and Germany, suggest that having up to two children increases happiness, and mostly for those who have postponed childbearing. | [4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_285 | "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. | Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution. | "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. | If a birth is a positive life event, the happiness response to having a child may be strongest when the event is first experienced. Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution. However, parents who already have children may be more confident in their skills and may be better able to cope with children, which would predict that parents' happiness response is more positive for higher-order births. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_286 | The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said. | In contrast, teens can also gain the appearance of maturity in more benign, if still immature, ways. | For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said. | Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior. In contrast, teens can also gain the appearance of maturity in more benign, if still immature, ways. Each of these behaviorsminor deviance, a focus on physical appearance in choosing friends, and precocious romantic activityis clearly distinct, yet each shares in common the potential to provide a veneer of maturity to the early adolescent seeking to enhance status with his or her peers. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/ |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_287 | For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. | Behavioral targeting may, therefore, be a way for marketers to circumvent consumers' feelings of reactance to explicit identity referencing in advertising because such labels are merely implied versus explicit. | If an ad makes you feel sophisticated or environmentally conscious, you are more likely to engage in all kinds of behaviors related to that trait - not just buy the advertised product," Reczek said. For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. | Further, while much research within the identity literature has investigated the effects of identity appeals that are embedded within the advertising context and are unconsciously processed ), the results of our studies show that a key driver of the effects of behaviorally targeted advertising is consumers' conscious reflection about the marketers' tactics in delivering the ad to them. Behavioral targeting may, therefore, be a way for marketers to circumvent consumers' feelings of reactance to explicit identity referencing in advertising because such labels are merely implied versus explicit. Our findings also have implications for managers because we find that consumer responses to behaviorally targeted ads are sensitive to several variables under managerial control. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 2.25 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_288 | The findings suggest that music instruction helps enhance skills that are critical for academic success. | Phonological awareness improved in both training groups from year 1 to year 4, but these gains were larger in the adolescents who underwent in-school music training. | The findings suggest that music instruction helps enhance skills that are critical for academic success. The gains were seen during group music classes included in the schools' curriculum, suggesting in-school training accelerates neurodevelopment. "While music programs are often the first to be cut when the school budget is tight, these results highlight music's place in the high school curriculum," says Nina Kraus, senior study author and director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University. | An increase in the N1/P1 amplitude ratio from year 1 to year 4, known to emerge in adolescence , was observed in the music group but had not yet emerged in the JROTC group. Phonological awareness improved in both training groups from year 1 to year 4, but these gains were larger in the adolescents who underwent in-school music training. Two other language tests, phonological memory and rapid naming, showed no group differences. | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.futurity.org/band-teenagers-brains-965992/ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_289 | Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. | For third births, the pattern is qualitatively different: there are no positive effects around the birth, and the long-term trajectory is declining; however, the differences compared with second or first births are not significant. | Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. Older parents have better financial and education status than younger parents and are also less stressed after the birth of their children. | For second births, the overall trajectory is similar, but the increase in happiness before and around the birth is lower than for first births (p < .05). For third births, the pattern is qualitatively different: there are no positive effects around the birth, and the long-term trajectory is declining; however, the differences compared with second or first births are not significant. For both men and women, the happiness trajectories surrounding a first birth are very similar, and the differences are statistically not significant across these models. | [2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_290 | That's a correlation that's well worth investigating further. | Thus, the trend we found for AMD could suggest an initial insult propagating degenerative pathways in the eye and brain, in addition to chronic degenerative/inflammatory pathways. | The new study took place across five years, covering 3,877 patients aged 65 and over, and found that those with specific degenerative eye diseases were 40-50 percent more likely to develop Alzheimer's too. That's a correlation that's well worth investigating further. "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions, and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." | Unlike the case for glaucoma, we found that AMD diagnosed proximal to (0-2 years) and further from (0-10 years) the index date had significantly elevated risks for AD (P-values , .001 to .005, Supplementary Table 3 ). Thus, the trend we found for AMD could suggest an initial insult propagating degenerative pathways in the eye and brain, in addition to chronic degenerative/inflammatory pathways. In contrast, similar risk for AD in participants who have DR regardless of its duration suggest that microvascular insults or ischemia found in DR may occur concurrently with the changes in brain associated with diabetes. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34771794923&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ca84A-gkCictgVqjQU3CrA |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_291 | This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. | The results, which are similar in Britain and Germany, suggest that having up to two children increases happiness, and mostly for those who have postponed childbearing. | "We find that the happiness gain around the time of childbirth attenuates with parity, being strongest for the first, lower for the second, and nonpositive for the third child," the sociologists report. This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby. | Those who have children at older ages or who have more education have a particularly positive happiness response to a first birth; and although having the first two children increases happiness, having a third child does not. The results, which are similar in Britain and Germany, suggest that having up to two children increases happiness, and mostly for those who have postponed childbearing. This pattern is consistent with the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition and provides new insights into low and late fertility. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_292 | "It is clear from our research that closing the eyes and building rapport help with witness recall. | However, if eye-closure were more effective for 'easier' forms of recall, we would have expected it to have a bigger impact on immediate free recall than on delayed free recall, whereas we observed the opposite. | However, participants who had built a rapport said that they felt more comfortable when they closed their eyes. "It is clear from our research that closing the eyes and building rapport help with witness recall. Although closing your eyes to remember seems to work whether or not rapport has been built beforehand, our results show that building rapport makes witnesses more at ease with closing their eyes. | In light of this difference, an alternative explanation could be that eye-closure improves recall of easy-to-remember, as opposed to difficult-to-remember, information. However, if eye-closure were more effective for 'easier' forms of recall, we would have expected it to have a bigger impact on immediate free recall than on delayed free recall, whereas we observed the opposite. Thus, an explanation of the eye-closure effect based purely on information difficulty does not seem to account well for the findings. | [1.0, 5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_293 | A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. | We found that all 39 links significantly mediated the relationship between the PSQI sleep quality and the depressive problem score (using FDR correction, p<0.05, Table S4 ). | Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr
aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. While anyone whoas experienced the difficulty of depression or insomnia may not be surprised that theyare connected, this study marks the first time scientists can definitively say there are neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two. | This provides evidence that the 39 functional connectivity links may account for this proportion of the relation of poor sleep quality on depressive problems. We found that all 39 links significantly mediated the relationship between the PSQI sleep quality and the depressive problem score (using FDR correction, p<0.05, Table S4 ). In the reverse direction, only 2 links significantly mediated effects of sleep quality on depressive problems with FDR correction. | [4.0, 5.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34642343077&p=1pl&v=1&x=KFiPC90kn8JgzhaUX20nIg |
10.1080/08870446.2013.818674 | Psychology_294 | When occurring on their own, self-efficacy, coping strategies and social support did not increase the chances of quitting. | than 1.87, the association between volitional self-efficacy and continuous abstinence was significant (p<.lO). | Smokers who plan carefully and -- again -- receive the right kind of support from their partners are more likely to stop for good. When occurring on their own, self-efficacy, coping strategies and social support did not increase the chances of quitting. The desired result was only achieved through a combination of individual competences and social support. | Low social support shown for the empirical minimum (1), high social support for the empirical maximum (5.14). than 1.87, the association between volitional self-efficacy and continuous abstinence was significant (p<.lO). As the minimum and maximum of the mean-centred smokingspecific received social support were -2.20 and 1.94, simple slopes for individuals reporting high and low levels of smoking-specific social support were significant (at the 10% level). | [4.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130724102602.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_295 | While all students showed improvement in language skills necessary for reading, it was those who underwent musical training that performed the best three years later. | Taken together, these results establish that high school music classes engender gains in brain function and behavior that, although small, demonstrate the potential of enrichment to jump-start adolescent neurodevelopment. | It found that those who learned music experienced faster maturation in the brain's response to sound, and heightened sensitivity to details in sound. While all students showed improvement in language skills necessary for reading, it was those who underwent musical training that performed the best three years later. "While music programs are often the first to be cut when the school budget is tight, these results highlight music's place in the high school curriculum," Kraus said in a press release. | Two other language tests, phonological memory and rapid naming, showed no group differences. Taken together, these results establish that high school music classes engender gains in brain function and behavior that, although small, demonstrate the potential of enrichment to jump-start adolescent neurodevelopment. The consistency of neural responses to sound tracks with language skills, suggesting that stable perceptual encoding is vital for the acquisition and maintenance of phonological categories . | [2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/taking-music-class-high-school-improves-teen-language-skills-may-boost-academic-344674 |
10.1038/nn.3635 | Psychology_296 | "We now have the tools to precisely map brain function both in space and time, opening up tremendous possibilities to study the human brain." | This analysis allows identifying the cortical sources that have persistent neural activity. | It could also shed light on processes that underlie conditions such as memory disorders or dyslexia, and could benefit patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases. "This is the first time that MEG and fMRI have been connected in this way, giving us a unique perspective," Pantazis says. "We now have the tools to precisely map brain function both in space and time, opening up tremendous possibilities to study the human brain." | Relating MEG and fMRI object signals across time The above MEG-fMRI representational similarity analysis naturally extends to include the MEG time-time decoding matrices constructed earlier (Fig. This analysis allows identifying the cortical sources that have persistent neural activity. We therefore correlated the fMRI dissimilarity matrices of V1 and IT with the MEG 92 × 92 decoding matrices obtained for each pair of time points (t x ,t y ) ( Figs. | [4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127141758.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_297 | "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions, and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." | These findings, together with the lack of findings for cataract, suggest that a simplistic model of eye disease leading to poor vision leading to AD risk is not sufficiently supple to explain the overall pattern of findings. | That's a correlation that's well worth investigating further. "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions, and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." Eye checkups could be used to screen people with a greater risk of Alzheimer's perhaps - and while there's no cure yet, appropriate care could be provided earlier. | We performed analyses that were helpful in identifying similarities across retinal conditions and differences with a lens condition. These findings, together with the lack of findings for cataract, suggest that a simplistic model of eye disease leading to poor vision leading to AD risk is not sufficiently supple to explain the overall pattern of findings. These results suggest the likely benefit of further study to elucidate mechanisms underlying our findings. | [1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34771794923&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ca84A-gkCictgVqjQU3CrA |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_298 | However, in the long run, there are no differences between the happiness levels of men and women before and after children. | A test for whether the coefficients for 3-4, 5-9, and 10-18 years after birth are all 0 suggests increased long-run happiness (p < .05) in Germany and a borderline significant result (p < .10) in Britain. | Women also have steeper drops in their happiness than men between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of the larger initial gain. However, in the long run, there are no differences between the happiness levels of men and women before and after children. Those who have children at an older age or who are more educated have a particularly positive response to a first birth. | Mature parents (ages 35-49) have increasing happiness before and during the birth year; then, after a small drop, happiness remains at or above baseline. A test for whether the coefficients for 3-4, 5-9, and 10-18 years after birth are all 0 suggests increased long-run happiness (p < .05) in Germany and a borderline significant result (p < .10) in Britain. Among both the partnered and unpartnered, happiness increases around the birth and then decreases 11 Parents aged 17 or younger are excluded because (1) teenage childbearing is a different process than having children at young adult ages; (2) our samples include very few people who had children before turning age 18; and (3) it is difficult to construct a meaningful pre-birth baseline happiness for teen parents. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_3 | "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." | CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The implication of these findings is that the increased functional connectivity between these brain regions provides a neural basis for the association between depression and poor sleep quality. | Researchers believe it is the first time the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression and sleep have been studied in a large sample. "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," he said. | A mediation analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the association of the Depressive Problems score with poor sleep quality (β = 0.0139; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The implication of these findings is that the increased functional connectivity between these brain regions provides a neural basis for the association between depression and poor sleep quality. An important finding was that the Depressive Problems scores in this general population were correlated with functional connectivities between areas, including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, precuneus, angular gyrus, and temporal cortex. | [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34634204738&p=1pl&v=1&x=GZ7D3xt9Fp7_9IgR9S1Qrg |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_30 | The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. | The increased risk of ASD in circumcised boys under the age of 5 years was present among boys in both Muslim and non-Muslim families ( Table 2) . | The researchers, who followed the boys up to the age of nine, found that almost 5,000 cases of ASD were diagnosed. The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers noted they also made an unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. | The HR was higher, though not significantly so, for boys circumcised at age 24 months or older (HR ¼ 1.96; 95% CI: 0.93-4.14), an estimate based on only seven cases of ASD in that group ( Table 2) . The increased risk of ASD in circumcised boys under the age of 5 years was present among boys in both Muslim and non-Muslim families ( Table 2) . Risk in this age group was markedly elevated among boys in non-Muslim families (HR ¼ 4.23; 95% CI: 1.90-9.44), a finding based on six ASD cases in circumcised boys versus 1165 cases in intact boys. | [2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://psychcentral.com/news/2015/01/10/circumcision-linked-to-increased-risk-of-autism/79714.html |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_300 | That number is expected to rise to 131.5 million by 2050, the researchers estimate. | The temporal relationship in ophthalmic conditions with AD risk is intriguing. | "What we found was not subtle," said Paul Crane, a professor of medicine at the university. "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." That number is expected to rise to 131.5 million by 2050, the researchers estimate. | These results suggest the likely benefit of further study to elucidate mechanisms underlying our findings. The temporal relationship in ophthalmic conditions with AD risk is intriguing. AD risk appears to be higher with recent glaucoma diagnosis, perhaps suggesting a common pathway. | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34792864437&p=1pl&v=1&x=POVsoSxsrI9yWH7psyoAxQ |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_302 | Our views of ourselves can be nudged one way or the other by something as simple as an online ad." | Future research could explore other sources for implied social labels in addition to behaviorally targeted ads. | "We like to think we are quite certain of who we are, but this study suggests that's not quite the case," he said. "We are actually open to suggestions that can change, for example, how 'outdoorsy' or 'sophisticated' we feel we are. Our views of ourselves can be nudged one way or the other by something as simple as an online ad." | The results of our studies suggest several interesting avenues for future research. Future research could explore other sources for implied social labels in addition to behaviorally targeted ads. For example, word-of-mouth recommendations from friends and compliments from salespeople can both likely act as implied social labels (e.g., "You can really tell a quality product when you see one" could be interpreted as an implied label that one is particularly discerning). | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1080/09500693.2018.1540897 | Psychology_303 | Fixing gender inequality in STEM is a big ask, but the experts behind the Report Card are hopeful that it can happen, with the right policies and intervention. | This biased view can lead to less encouragement for girls to pursue a school career in STEM and a negative social atmosphere towards girls following STEM programmes. | The Report Card also showed that several STEM institutions had started programs like unconscious bias training to help female scientists flourish. Fixing gender inequality in STEM is a big ask, but the experts behind the Report Card are hopeful that it can happen, with the right policies and intervention. "There are several interventions that institutions might consider to promote gender equality, including a strict and transparent policy for gender harassment; promoting a culture of respect; formal mentorship and sponsorship programming; and supportive, flexible policies for both birthing and non-birthing parents as they return to work," says Dr. Beeler. | Last, STEMgender stereotypes can influence teachers and study advisors to be (subconsciously or openly) prejudiced that women do not belong in the STEM world. This biased view can lead to less encouragement for girls to pursue a school career in STEM and a negative social atmosphere towards girls following STEM programmes. However, in all four meta-reviews it is concluded this is not always the case, and that even if a gender gap in STEM ability is found, this difference is too small to have such an impact that it could explain the gender differences in STEM participation . | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40221871852&p=1pl&v=1&x=YoxlwItGkxllKvqs__4klg |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_304 | The researchers found that closing the eyes helped the participants remember both audial and visual information. | In other words, the benefits of eye-closure during the first free recall could not have 'carried over' to subsequent recall because there were no benefits in the first place. | Having a good relationship with the interviewer also helped people answer more questions about the crime correctly, but if the person closed his or her eyes, the recall was effective regardless of the rapport the person felt with the interviewer. The researchers found that closing the eyes helped the participants remember both audial and visual information. The researchers found that closing your eyes during an investigation is likely to make you feel less comfortable unless you have built up a good rapport with the questioner. | However, because the eyeclosure manipulation did not improve the quantity or quality of the information recalled during the first session, it did not constitute a 'good-quality' initial recall opportunity as advocated by . In other words, the benefits of eye-closure during the first free recall could not have 'carried over' to subsequent recall because there were no benefits in the first place. Hence, further research is required to investigate whether the benefits of eye-closure during initial recall can carry over to subsequent recall performance. | [4.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_306 | When the targeting is based on behavior, consumers believe the advertiser is labeling them as a particular type of consumer: a sophisticated consumer, or a green consumer. | In support of our expectation, the analyses revealed that the outdoorsy labeling index mediated the effect of targeting on purchase intentions for the solar charger (b ¼ .04, SE ¼ .02, 95% CI, .0064-.1146]) but not the hot chocolate (b ¼ À.01, SE ¼ .02, 95% CI, À.0578 to .0309). | "The targeting has to be based on your behavior and not just demographic attributes such as age or gender," Smith said. When the targeting is based on behavior, consumers believe the advertiser is labeling them as a particular type of consumer: a sophisticated consumer, or a green consumer. Those are the types of labels that can change people's views about themselves. | Thus implied social labels appear to be able to lower participants' self-perceptions on a trait as long as the behavioral targeting is at least moderately accurate. In support of our expectation, the analyses revealed that the outdoorsy labeling index mediated the effect of targeting on purchase intentions for the solar charger (b ¼ .04, SE ¼ .02, 95% CI, .0064-.1146]) but not the hot chocolate (b ¼ À.01, SE ¼ .02, 95% CI, À.0578 to .0309). In the condition in which the hot chocolate was positioned as appropriate for the outdoors, we expected significant mediation only at moderate and high levels of a priori interest in outdoors products (i.e., when targeting was at least moderately accurate). | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1080/14635240.2015.1029641 | Psychology_307 | Simply put, we think better on our feet than in our seat." | The treatment group exhibited greater levels of academic engagement than the control group in the fall, with a statistically significant difference of the average total engagement score of 4.21 ( p ¼ 0.003) noted. | Benden says he wasn't surprised at the results of the study, given that previous research has shown that physical activity, even at low levels, may have beneficial effects on cognitive ability. Simply put, we think better on our feet than in our seat." The key lesson to take from this research, Benden says, is that school districts that put standing desks in classrooms may be able to address two problems at the same time: academic performance and childhood obesity. | The mean and standard error plots for the total engaged time (avgTotEng), for different treatment groups at fall and spring are shown in Figure 1 . The treatment group exhibited greater levels of academic engagement than the control group in the fall, with a statistically significant difference of the average total engagement score of 4.21 ( p ¼ 0.003) noted. In the spring semester, the control group showed a greater increase in academic engagement relative to the treatment group. | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.futurity.org/standing-desks-child-attention-905882/ |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_308 | The current study, however, finds that even when fabricated events are presented with a warning about their legitimacy, false memories are easily created. | In short, there is clear meta-analytic evidence that post-warnings lead to a real improvement of memory performance for original details that have been the target of misinformation, whereas the evidence for associated costs to control memory performance is more tenuous. | "High cognitive ability may allow individuals to overcome the biasing effect of political orientation and more effectively monitor the sources of their memories," the authors note. The current study, however, finds that even when fabricated events are presented with a warning about their legitimacy, false memories are easily created. Devising strategies to prevent false voter memories may require implementing more sophisticated measures, perhaps in addition to issuing warnings about misinformation. | By comparison, the 1.21 control costs odds ratio is much lower and does not differ significantly from the no-effect value of 1. In short, there is clear meta-analytic evidence that post-warnings lead to a real improvement of memory performance for original details that have been the target of misinformation, whereas the evidence for associated costs to control memory performance is more tenuous. Across 25 direct comparisons (stemming from 10 papers), misled and control Misinformation Endorsement in the no-warning condition was 42.3% and 17.7%, respectively. | [5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_31 | The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. | There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . | About 19 percent said they had committed some form of dating violence and 69 percent said they were physically punished during childhood. The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed. | Nineteen percent of participants (n = 134) reported physical perpetration of dating violence, and more than one-half (68%) reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498, mean = 1.07, SD = 0.96). There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . More African Americans endorsed experiencing corporal punishment "always," relative to Hispanic participants, c 2 [1] = 3.96, P < .05, but this difference did not emerge between African American and white participants, c 2 [1] = 1.51, P = .22. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32686504555&p=1pl&v=1&x=J_KXigEKTcXYUPzjI0fyuQ |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_310 | Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed. | The strengths of the present study include a large ethnically diverse sample, and the use of methodologically sound measures of dating violence. | The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed. That held true even after the researchers took into account the person's age, gender, parents' education and any history of child physical abuse. | Finally, even though we controlled important variables (eg, alcohol use, physical child abuse), other factors (eg, interparental violence) could influence findings. The strengths of the present study include a large ethnically diverse sample, and the use of methodologically sound measures of dating violence. Furthermore, variables known to relate to dating violence were controlled for, which highlights the importance of the unique impact of corporal punishment on perpetration of dating violence and addresses longstanding criticisms regarding a potentially confounding link between corporal punishment and poor outcomes. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32686504555&p=1pl&v=1&x=J_KXigEKTcXYUPzjI0fyuQ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3514 | Psychology_312 | "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognizing a psychosis subtype of suicide," he continued. | We found that co-occurring psychopathology is only a partial mediator of the association between PEs and suicidal behavior; that is, PEs are a marker of risk for later suicidal behavior in excess of the risk associated with co-occurring mental disorders. | "Given that about 1 million people die by suicide every year, that's a very encouraging prospect for suicide prevention." "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognizing a psychosis subtype of suicide," he continued. "If we are to understand suicide, we need to understand a lot more about perceptual abnormalities," added doctoral student and co-author Kathryn Yates of RCSI Psychiatry. | For one, PEs are associated with increased odds of suicidal behavior even in individuals without a mental disorder. We found that co-occurring psychopathology is only a partial mediator of the association between PEs and suicidal behavior; that is, PEs are a marker of risk for later suicidal behavior in excess of the risk associated with co-occurring mental disorders. (Figure 2 includes examples of mediating variables in the association between PEs and suicidal ideation and behavior.) | [5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38199144066&p=1pl&v=1&x=PR70GSjRLk3dzNiHIohVjQ |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_313 | The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. | Participants indicated that there was an odor when in fact there wasn't in 26% of the cases when evaluating intensity. | The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. Specifically, participants described the odours as pleasant and edible (even those associated with non-food items) when associated with positive labels. Conversely, the same odours were considered unpleasant and inedible when associated with negative labels - even the food odours. | When presented with the positive label, geraniol (Md = 6.42) was perceived as more intense than when presented with the negative label (Md = 5.42). Participants indicated that there was an odor when in fact there wasn't in 26% of the cases when evaluating intensity. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests analysis of the "false alarm" trials (z = 4.37, P < 0.001, corrected, with a large effect size [r = 0.53]) revealed that intensity ratings were significantly higher for "correct detection" trials (Md = 6.92) than for "false alarm" trials (Md = 2.25). | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/eyes-vision/47601-smelling-with-our-eyes-descriptions-affect-odour-perception.html |
10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.009 | Psychology_314 | Researchers found low doses both improved memory performance and normalized the over-activity detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging that measures brain activity during a memory task. | Instead, the data support the view that hippocampal overactivity contributes to symptomatic impairment in the MCI phase of disease (for review see Ewers et al., 2011) . | "At the same time, it improves memory performance on a task that depends on the hippocampus." Researchers found low doses both improved memory performance and normalized the over-activity detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging that measures brain activity during a memory task. The ideal dosing found in this clinical study matched earlier preclinical studies in animal models. | Importantly, no evidence was found in this study to support a beneficial compensatory role in cognition for excess hippocampal activation. Instead, the data support the view that hippocampal overactivity contributes to symptomatic impairment in the MCI phase of disease (for review see Ewers et al., 2011) . The deleterious effect of hippocampal overactivity detected by fMRI is further supported by recent evidence of a distinctive gene expression profile underlying excessive hippocampal excitability in MCI patients. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150311124200.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_316 | The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said. | In fact, after accounting for pseudomature behavior, early adolescent levels of substance use became insignificant as predictors of future use, suggesting that to the extent that pseudomature behavior and substance use were correlated in early adolescence, it was pseudomature behavior that took on the primary role in statistically predicting future substance use -a striking degree of heterotypic continuity for a behavior that typically displays considerable homotypic continuity over time . | For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said. | With respect to alcohol and marijuana use, early adolescent pseudomature behavior was actually a better predictor of future such substance use problems in adulthood than were even early adolescent levels of such use. In fact, after accounting for pseudomature behavior, early adolescent levels of substance use became insignificant as predictors of future use, suggesting that to the extent that pseudomature behavior and substance use were correlated in early adolescence, it was pseudomature behavior that took on the primary role in statistically predicting future substance use -a striking degree of heterotypic continuity for a behavior that typically displays considerable homotypic continuity over time . This finding indicates just how potentially important this social pathway toward future difficulties may be in identifying individuals at risk for long-term problems with alcohol and substance use. | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_317 | The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. | We note that only 2 of the 123 items in the Adult Self Report questionnaire, which are used to calculate the Depressive Problems Score, are on the topic of sleep quality, and so these are unlikely to account for the correlations in this study. | The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. This research could lead to better sleep quality for people with depression, and opens up the possibility of new targeted treatments. In the brains of those living with depressive problems, they discovered a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with short-term memory), the precuneus (associated with the self), and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (associated with negative emotion). | The correlation was highly significant (r = 0.371; P < .001; Figure 1B ). We note that only 2 of the 123 items in the Adult Self Report questionnaire, which are used to calculate the Depressive Problems Score, are on the topic of sleep quality, and so these are unlikely to account for the correlations in this study. Although participants of the HCP data set were not selected to have a psychiatric disorder and most are healthy control participants, the Depressive Problems raw score was a useful indicator of depression, in that 92 participants who reported having been diagnosed with a major depressive episode also had significantly higher scores on this measure. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3514 | Psychology_318 | "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognising a psychosis subtype of suicide," added Dr Kelleher. | The authors went on to directly compare diagnostic groups with vs without PEs and found that patients with depression and PEs had a 9-fold increased odds of suicide attempt compared with patients with depression who did not have PEs. | Given that about 1 million people die by suicide every year, that's a very encouraging prospect for suicide prevention." "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognising a psychosis subtype of suicide," added Dr Kelleher. There are still a lot of unanswered questions; but this research points to new avenues to improve prediction of suicidal behaviour." | 23 This study found that PEs were not associated with a significantly increased odds of isolated suicidal ideation (that is, suicidal ideation in the absence of a suicide plan or suicide attempt), but that PEs were associated with a 3-fold increased odds of suicide attempt. The authors went on to directly compare diagnostic groups with vs without PEs and found that patients with depression and PEs had a 9-fold increased odds of suicide attempt compared with patients with depression who did not have PEs. Patients with an anxiety disorder and PEs had a 15-fold increased odds of suicide attempt compared with patients with an anxiety disorder who did have PEs. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37828547572&p=1pl&v=1&x=0DCeKj2mrndVr_6QSdn9XA |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_319 | Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. | Unpartnered British experience smaller increases in happiness around the birth and do not experience long-run increases in happiness post-birth. | The increase in parental happiness surrounding the birth of a third child is negligible. Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. | In Britain, partnered parents have larger increases in happiness in the year the child is born and have upward happiness trajectories as their children mature. Unpartnered British experience smaller increases in happiness around the birth and do not experience long-run increases in happiness post-birth. The differences are not significant (p > .05) for any single time point but are significant The model includes as control variables age and period dummy variables, and fixed effects for individuals. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_32 | (EaglebrookSchool/CC BY 2.0)
Band Class Helps Teens Learn How to Learn
Music training, introduced as late as high school, may help improve how a teenager's brain responds to sound and could sharpen their hearing and language skills, too. | However, JROTC training likely leads to a separate set of benefits outside the auditory domain. | "Although learning to play music does not teach skills that seem directly relevant to most careers," says Nina Kraus, "music may engender what educators refer to as 'learning to learn.'" (EaglebrookSchool/CC BY 2.0)
Band Class Helps Teens Learn How to Learn
Music training, introduced as late as high school, may help improve how a teenager's brain responds to sound and could sharpen their hearing and language skills, too. The findings suggest that music instruction helps enhance skills that are critical for academic success. | Although JROTC training requires discipline and time investment, it does not mandate fine auditory perceptual judgments, which may explain why we do not find auditory system enhancements in the JROTC group. However, JROTC training likely leads to a separate set of benefits outside the auditory domain. One possibility, for example, is that the mental discipline acquired and practiced over the course of JROTC training strengthens attentional control. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1677179-band-class-helps-teens-learn-how-learn/ |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_322 | Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma had a 40 to 50 percent greater risk of Alzheimer's disease than those without the eye conditions, the researchers said. | Recent and established AMD and DR were associated with allcause dementia, and risks for DR were much larger (Supplementary Table 1 ). | "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss," Lee explained in a university news release. Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma had a 40 to 50 percent greater risk of Alzheimer's disease than those without the eye conditions, the researchers said. "What we found was not subtle," said Paul Crane, a professor of medicine at the university. | Restricting to probable AD (n 5 522) resulted in similar estimates for recent ( For all-cause dementia, glaucoma risks were attenuated though still non-null for recent diagnosis. Recent and established AMD and DR were associated with allcause dementia, and risks for DR were much larger (Supplementary Table 1 ). Models with non-AD dementia that treated AD as a competing risk confirmed the expected strong relationship between DR and non-AD dementia (Supplementary Table 1 ). | [3.0, 5.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34792864437&p=1pl&v=1&x=POVsoSxsrI9yWH7psyoAxQ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_323 | The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births. | Our modeling approach, which follows with some modifications, 5 allows observing anticipation, shortterm (1 to 4 years) changes, and long-term (5 to 18 years) changes in happiness over the transition to parenthood while controlling for time-invariant unobserved characteristics, such as personality or genetic endowments. | The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births. The increase in parental happiness surrounding the birth of a third child is negligible. Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. | We assume the cardinality of life satisfaction because treating life satisfaction as ordinal versus cardinal makes little difference . Our modeling approach, which follows with some modifications, 5 allows observing anticipation, shortterm (1 to 4 years) changes, and long-term (5 to 18 years) changes in happiness over the transition to parenthood while controlling for time-invariant unobserved characteristics, such as personality or genetic endowments. 3) , education (Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_324 | But perhaps the best benefit to musical training, Kraus found, was that the developmental outcomes strengthened the brain well enough to stall cognitive decline later in life. | The maintenance of response consistency in the music training group may prolong sensitivity to auditory learning. | The findings have important implications for teens in low-income neighborhoods, as their language development is often below that of their wealthier counterparts. But perhaps the best benefit to musical training, Kraus found, was that the developmental outcomes strengthened the brain well enough to stall cognitive decline later in life. Source: Tierney A, Krizman J, Kraus N. Music training alters the course of adolescent auditory development. | Thus, music training may maintain heightened synaptic density within the auditory system to enable the learning and performance of challenging auditory tasks, much as songbirds show seasonal increases in synaptogenesis that coincide with the onset of the preferential period for learning new songs . The maintenance of response consistency in the music training group may prolong sensitivity to auditory learning. Future work could test this hypothesis by measuring auditory learning in adolescents with or without prior musical experience. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/taking-music-class-high-school-improves-teen-language-skills-may-boost-academic-344674 |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_325 | From fire-walking rituals and tear-jerker movies to choirs singing, and yes, the ultimate, googly-eyed love stares that make romantic couples, well, even more googly, researchers found evidence that women with highly empathetic partners reported increased pain reduction. | As was reported in the initial report of this data (Goldstein et al., 2016) , the pain ratings in the partner-touch condition were lower than in the partner-no touch condition (M diff = −0.36, p = 0.029) and the pain-alone condition (M diff = −0.66, p < 0.001), confirming that touch had an analgesic effect. | In grownups, this interpersonal touch can help regulate responses to stress, increasing trust and emotional well-being. From fire-walking rituals and tear-jerker movies to choirs singing, and yes, the ultimate, googly-eyed love stares that make romantic couples, well, even more googly, researchers found evidence that women with highly empathetic partners reported increased pain reduction. This study is in line with earlier research which suggests communicating numerous emotions with touch, including decoding anger, fear, love and gratitude. | Physiologically, interpersonal touch increases the coupling of electrodermal activity and pulse rate variability 35 and modulates blood pressure reactivity to stress 36 as well as reactivity to distress 37 . As was reported in the initial report of this data (Goldstein et al., 2016) , the pain ratings in the partner-touch condition were lower than in the partner-no touch condition (M diff = −0.36, p = 0.029) and the pain-alone condition (M diff = −0.66, p < 0.001), confirming that touch had an analgesic effect. In addition, during the pain-alone condition, the women's pain ratings were marginally higher than in the partner-no touch condition (M diff = 0.29, p = 0.093). | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.8 | news | https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/holding-hands-can-ease-pain.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_327 | Allen and his team found evidence to suggest that this behavior might actually hurt social status in school. | One potential explanation for these findings is provided by cumulative continuity theory . | The reason these "cool" kids are lost at sea as adults isn't karma working its magic -- it's more scientific than that. Allen and his team found evidence to suggest that this behavior might actually hurt social status in school. When it ended, they were 23. | In terms of competence with peers, pseudomature behavior in early adolescence predicted not only declining popularity with peers across adolescence but also lower levels of peer competence, as rated by peers, in early adulthood. One potential explanation for these findings is provided by cumulative continuity theory . This theory suggests that efforts to attain status with peers via superficial, pseudomature behaviors might lead to future difficulties because these pseudomature behaviors replace efforts to develop positive social skills and meaningful friendships and thus leave teens less developmentally mature and socially competent over time. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3514 | Psychology_328 | There are still a lot of unanswered questions, but this research points to new avenues to improve prediction of suicidal behavior." | Using a convergent functional genomics approach, Niculescu et al [54] [55] [56] showed that many of the top biomarkers for suicide are also biomarkers for psychotic disorders and high hallucination states. | "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognizing a psychosis subtype of suicide," he continued. "If we are to understand suicide, we need to understand a lot more about perceptual abnormalities," added doctoral student and co-author Kathryn Yates of RCSI Psychiatry. There are still a lot of unanswered questions, but this research points to new avenues to improve prediction of suicidal behavior." | In the context of high stress and poorer communication skills, this might adversely affect the individual's ability to formulate logical plans to manage perceived challenges and instead increase the likelihood of turning to suicide. Using a convergent functional genomics approach, Niculescu et al [54] [55] [56] showed that many of the top biomarkers for suicide are also biomarkers for psychotic disorders and high hallucination states. A notable strength of the review is that we used longitudinal studies, which established a temporal association between PEs and suicidal behavior. | [1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38199144066&p=1pl&v=1&x=PR70GSjRLk3dzNiHIohVjQ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_33 | Those who become parents between the ages of 23 -34 have increasing happiness before a first birth, however one to two years after the birth, happiness decreases to baseline or below. | Mature parents (ages 35-49) have increasing happiness before and during the birth year; then, after a small drop, happiness remains at or above baseline. | Older parents, between the ages of 35 -- 49, have the strongest happiness gains around the time of birth and stay at a higher level of happiness after becoming parents. Those who become parents in their teens have a predominantly declining pattern of happiness that does not increase above the baseline even during the year of birth. Those who become parents between the ages of 23 -34 have increasing happiness before a first birth, however one to two years after the birth, happiness decreases to baseline or below. | Those who become parents at ages 23-34 have increasing happiness before a first birth and in the year of birth; however, one to two years after the birth, happiness decreases to baseline or below. Mature parents (ages 35-49) have increasing happiness before and during the birth year; then, after a small drop, happiness remains at or above baseline. A test for whether the coefficients for 3-4, 5-9, and 10-18 years after birth are all 0 suggests increased long-run happiness (p < .05) in Germany and a borderline significant result (p < .10) in Britain. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_331 | A first-born child brought the most happiness, no matter what age the parents were. | Unpartnered British experience smaller increases in happiness around the birth and do not experience long-run increases in happiness post-birth. | Those aged 35 to 49 experienced the highest level of happiness, while those between age 18 and 22 reported a decline in their happiness. A first-born child brought the most happiness, no matter what age the parents were. There was a 50 percent decrease in happiness during the birth of a second child, followed by a total slump by the time the third child is born. | In Britain, partnered parents have larger increases in happiness in the year the child is born and have upward happiness trajectories as their children mature. Unpartnered British experience smaller increases in happiness around the birth and do not experience long-run increases in happiness post-birth. The differences are not significant (p > .05) for any single time point but are significant The model includes as control variables age and period dummy variables, and fixed effects for individuals. | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_334 | From the other side, people with insomnia also have a higher risk of depression and anxiety. | The amygdala is not included as a separate area in the Shen atlas, but does have FC related to sleep quality as shown here. | "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." From the other side, people with insomnia also have a higher risk of depression and anxiety. While this particular study found strong neural connections in the association of depressive problems with poor sleep quality, rather than the other way around, in general the effects can work both ways. | All of the links are positively correlated with the sleep quality index (PSQI). The amygdala is not included as a separate area in the Shen atlas, but does have FC related to sleep quality as shown here. A link positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score indicates that the functional connectivity of that link is positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score. | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34644678837&p=1pl&v=1&x=NPMHP58RsDT7VzhGCx19YA |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_335 | This finding indicates that the perceived edibility of an odour can be manipulated by a description, and that olfactory perception may be driven by a top-down (or directive) cognitive process. | Furthermore, the participants were also more liberal in their decision making as indicated by the criterion c (c = −0.53), suggesting that when they are in doubt as to whether an odor was present or not, they would rather state that there was an odor instead of stating that there wasn't one. | "Moreover, this is the first time we have been able to influence the edibility perception of an odour, even though the positive and negative labels accompanying the odours showed non-food words," adds Frasnelli. This finding indicates that the perceived edibility of an odour can be manipulated by a description, and that olfactory perception may be driven by a top-down (or directive) cognitive process. However, only the parmesan cheese odour elicited a different reaction time, which was slower when the label was positive. | This suggests that all the participants can discriminate very well between the odor condition and the no-odor condition. Furthermore, the participants were also more liberal in their decision making as indicated by the criterion c (c = −0.53), suggesting that when they are in doubt as to whether an odor was present or not, they would rather state that there was an odor instead of stating that there wasn't one. The overall average ratings were 2.80 (SD = 0.95, range 1.30-6.67) for edibility, 4.11 (SD = 0.94, range 1.57-5.82) for pleasantness, and 6.54 (SD = 1.23, range 2.60-8.67) for intensity. | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_336 | "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." | Discussion: Increased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk. | "What we found was not subtle," said Dr. Paul Crane, professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the UW School of Medicine. "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." The possible connections need more study. | The recent and established hazard ratio were 1.46 (P 5 .01) and 0.87 (P 5 .19) for glaucoma, 1.20 (P 5 .12) and 1.50 (P , .001) for AMD, and 1.50 (P 5 .045) and 1.50 (P 5 .03) for DR. Discussion: Increased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk. Research regarding AD risk factors may lead to early detection and preventive measures based on better understanding neurodegenerative processes . | [1.0, 1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34765487148&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufEabPDBICA34OF2ZCudfA |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_338 | For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. | Thus changes in self-perception as a result of behavioral targeting only occur when targeting is at least moderately accurate. | If an ad makes you feel sophisticated or environmentally conscious, you are more likely to engage in all kinds of behaviors related to that trait - not just buy the advertised product," Reczek said. For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. | The lack of significance at the top of the scale (i.e., 10 of 10 choices) likely reflects either a ceiling effect (due to the fact that participants who made 10 outdoors-related choices already perceive themselves as so outdoorsy that there is no room for movement as a result of an implied social label) or a lack of power (as only seven people made 10 outdoors-related choices: M behavioral ¼ 6.80, M nontargeted ¼ 7.00; F(1, 5) ¼ .36, p ¼ .58). Thus changes in self-perception as a result of behavioral targeting only occur when targeting is at least moderately accurate. The same regression model within the indoors positioning condition revealed that participants viewed themselves as less outdoorsy when the ad was identified as behaviorally targeted (b ¼ À.27, t(134) ¼ À2.16, p < .05, g 2 ¼ .01) and when they had made fewer outdoors-related prior choices (b ¼ .47, t(134) ¼ 8.03, p < .0001, g 2 ¼ .33). | [4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_34 | "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. | First, results from Jilin City where both mainstream and special school data were available revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1% . | In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. We have been able to use a standardized screening methodology, allowing us to compare the results with Western countries to show that autism occurs broadly at the same rate, irrespective of culture." | There are four key findings from this study. First, results from Jilin City where both mainstream and special school data were available revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1% . Second, in Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, where only mainstream data were available, prevalence is also in line with Western estimates . | [5.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_340 | "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them." | Specifically, we found that labels that are unconnected to prior behavior (i.e., inconsistent with consumers' a priori interest in trait-related products) do not prompt adjustments to self-perceptions and affect behavior; low levels of accuracy yield no effect, whereas moderate to high levels of accuracy produce social labeling effects. | "Even when you think you're focused on a task and performing it, having a distractor that captures your attention very briefly can fundamentally change what you thought you were perceiving," she says. "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them." "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains. | The results of study 4 demonstrate that the accuracy of a behaviorally targeted ad moderates the direct effect on self-perceptions and the mediated effect on behavior through self-perceptions. Specifically, we found that labels that are unconnected to prior behavior (i.e., inconsistent with consumers' a priori interest in trait-related products) do not prompt adjustments to self-perceptions and affect behavior; low levels of accuracy yield no effect, whereas moderate to high levels of accuracy produce social labeling effects. The results further indicate that while consumers recognize even inaccurate behaviorally targeted ads as implied social labels, it is accuracy (i.e., the match between this prior behavior and the implied label) that determines whether this label is perceived to be relevant to the self, leading to adjustments in self-perceptions that play a mediating role in subsequent trait-related behavior. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ |
10.1111/cdep.12038 | Psychology_341 | "Also, corporal punishment wasn't being used as a last resort. | Spanking alone does not teach children why their behavior was wrong or what they should do instead . | The children in the study who were hit or slapped by their parents typically misbehaved again within 10 minutes. "Also, corporal punishment wasn't being used as a last resort. On average, parents hit or spanked just half a minute after the conflict began." | It is difficult to imagine that a parent would be able to meet all these criteria when administering spanking; indeed, it would likely be both inadvisable and bordering on abusive if parents spanked children following every instance of a given misbehavior. Spanking alone does not teach children why their behavior was wrong or what they should do instead . Rather, it teaches them that they must behave when the threat of physical punishment exists, but once the threat is gone, they have no reason to behave appropriately . | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.4 | news | http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/04/parents-often-spank-out-anger-and-trival-reasons-real-time-study-finds |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Psychology_342 | Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when tested after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake, they report. | These results support that the relationship between memory performance change across both the nap and overnight sleep bouts was fully mediated by nap SWA (Fig. | To do this, they presented children ages approximately three to five years (34-64 months) with faces paired with mean or nice word descriptions, but they saw no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when tested after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake, they report. However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day. | When nap SWA was controlled for, the standardized regression coefficient for the relationship between ΔRecall nap and ΔRecall overnight was reduced from B = −0.488, (p = 0.029) to B = −0.364 (p = 0.182). These results support that the relationship between memory performance change across both the nap and overnight sleep bouts was fully mediated by nap SWA (Fig. 4) . | [5.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_346 | "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. | However, when the question is how children influence parental well-being, it is important to analyze individual changes over time instead of only comparing parents with the childless. | "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. | These results provide a new way of understanding the theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by parents' subjective well-being response to childbearing. However, when the question is how children influence parental well-being, it is important to analyze individual changes over time instead of only comparing parents with the childless. Otherwise, the analyses may be biased by genetic factors, personality, or other unobserved or difficult-to-measure fixed characteristics, such as orientation toward career versus family, which may be associated with both fertility behavior and subjective wellbeing . | [4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_347 | Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. | Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution. | Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. Older parents have better financial and education status than younger parents and are also less stressed after the birth of their children. | If a birth is a positive life event, the happiness response to having a child may be strongest when the event is first experienced. Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution. However, parents who already have children may be more confident in their skills and may be better able to cope with children, which would predict that parents' happiness response is more positive for higher-order births. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_35 | "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. | The prevalence estimate indicates that the prevalence of autism in China is similar to estimates in Western countries. | In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. We have been able to use a standardized screening methodology, allowing us to compare the results with Western countries to show that autism occurs broadly at the same rate, irrespective of culture." | The prevalence in those two schools was 119 per 10,000 . The prevalence estimate indicates that the prevalence of autism in China is similar to estimates in Western countries. These children urgently need support to understand the difficulties and challenges they might face in the future to prepare themselves for school and the workplace. | [4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_350 | Allen says he believes that part of the problem may be that as popular youth grow older, they have to do increasingly extreme things in order to grab the attention of their peers and keep it. | The sociometric measure used in this study was a preference-based measure, although in some respects a status-based measure might have more precisely captured the desire of teens to be and appear "cool" among peers. | Unfortunately, even when examining certain external factors related to geographic region, family income or gender of the participants, the results remained about the same. Allen says he believes that part of the problem may be that as popular youth grow older, they have to do increasingly extreme things in order to grab the attention of their peers and keep it. Of course, the vanity of focusing on social hierarchies never fares too well in the end. | Third, "popularity" is now recognized as potentially referring to both preference-based measures (i.e., who do teens prefer as associates) and statusbased measures (i.e., who do teens perceive as being "popular"). The sociometric measure used in this study was a preference-based measure, although in some respects a status-based measure might have more precisely captured the desire of teens to be and appear "cool" among peers. It remains possible, for example, that teens engaging in pseudomature behavior might possibly maintain a degree of status-based popularity (i.e., perceptions by others that they are members of the "popular" group) even if preference-based measures (such as used in this study, indicating other teens' actual desire to spend time with study participants) show declining social preference over time for teens engaging in pseudomature behavior. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.4 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/15380/20140612/treatment-of-sleep-apnea-helps-improve-heart-health.htm |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_353 | Allen says he believes that part of the problem may be that as popular youth grow older, they have to do increasingly extreme things in order to grab the attention of their peers and keep it. | Even almost a decade later, however, social status concerns continued to play a key role in the lives of these individuals as adults, as they found themselves more likely to perceive that their romantic partners were ending relationships with them based upon their own lack of social status. | Unfortunately, even when examining certain external factors related to geographic region, family income or gender of the participants, the results remained about the same. Allen says he believes that part of the problem may be that as popular youth grow older, they have to do increasingly extreme things in order to grab the attention of their peers and keep it. Of course, the vanity of focusing on social hierarchies never fares too well in the end. | Indeed, it is possible that this fading popularity advantage may be what leads these adolescents to pursue more and more extreme behaviors in an effort to attain status with at least a subset of their peers, although this explanation remains for future research to examine. Even almost a decade later, however, social status concerns continued to play a key role in the lives of these individuals as adults, as they found themselves more likely to perceive that their romantic partners were ending relationships with them based upon their own lack of social status. One explanation for this long-term link is that teens who engage in high levels of pseudomature behavior have set themselves on a path in which they place an outsized role on the importance of social status in relationships. | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/15380/20140612/treatment-of-sleep-apnea-helps-improve-heart-health.htm |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_354 | Our views of ourselves can be nudged one way or the other by something as simple as an online ad." | We also contribute to the broader literature on self-learning ) by demonstrating that implied social labels such as those from behaviorally targeted ads can be a source of self-learning and that such learning is contingent on the connection between this implied information and a person's prior behavior. | "We like to think we are quite certain of who we are, but this study suggests that's not quite the case," he said. "We are actually open to suggestions that can change, for example, how 'outdoorsy' or 'sophisticated' we feel we are. Our views of ourselves can be nudged one way or the other by something as simple as an online ad." | In doing so, we contribute to the literature by demonstrating that labels do not have to reference the consumer to have an effect (as has been shown in past research), but that consumers can be affected by implied labels supplied by external sources. We also contribute to the broader literature on self-learning ) by demonstrating that implied social labels such as those from behaviorally targeted ads can be a source of self-learning and that such learning is contingent on the connection between this implied information and a person's prior behavior. This research also adds to the literature on identity marketing. | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_356 | The possible connections need more study. | Future directions: Caregivers and health-care workers should facilitate adequate ophthalmic care for older individuals at risk of dementia. | "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." The possible connections need more study. She said a better understanding of neurodegeneration in the eye and the brain could bring more success in diagnosing Alzheimer's early and developing better treatments. | 3. Future directions: Caregivers and health-care workers should facilitate adequate ophthalmic care for older individuals at risk of dementia. Eye care providers should be aware of increased AD risk in certain ophthalmic conditions. | [4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34765487148&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufEabPDBICA34OF2ZCudfA |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_357 | The team found that when the participants closed their eyes, they were able to remember 23 percent more information than the people in the other groups. | We suspect that the format of the initial recall task determines whether the memory is 'locked' in place (e.g., Burke et al. | Close
If you're cramming for a test or have an important date to remember, you might find this simple tip useful: close your eyes. The team found that when the participants closed their eyes, they were able to remember 23 percent more information than the people in the other groups. Having a good relationship with the interviewer also helped people answer more questions about the crime correctly, but if the person closed his or her eyes, the recall was effective regardless of the rapport the person felt with the interviewer. | Unlike , we did not find that the initial free-recall attempt 'locked' the memory in place; both the amount and the accuracy of reported information decreased from the first to the second session. We suspect that the format of the initial recall task determines whether the memory is 'locked' in place (e.g., Burke et al. used a recognition test rather than a free-recall task), which could be investigated in future research. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1111/cdep.12038 | Psychology_358 | King also noted that corporal punishment is disproportionately applied to students. | We now have enough research to conclude that spanking is ineffective at best and harmful to children at worst. | "Policymakers must eradicate violence against schoolchildren and instead foster learning environments that are safe and productive." King also noted that corporal punishment is disproportionately applied to students. Boys =, children of color and kids with disabilities are more likely to be physically punished. | Human rights-based arguments have little influence in the United States until we ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child; the United States is one of only three countries not to have done so (the others are Somalia and South Sudan, the latter of which gained independence in 2011). We now have enough research to conclude that spanking is ineffective at best and harmful to children at worst. We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | http://www.universityherald.com/articles/51514/20161124/education-secretary-schools-stop-use-corporal-punishment.htm |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_359 | The researchers also discovered that having a baby at older age is more beneficial psychologically. | Second, if we observe the transition to parenthood being accompanied by negative rather than positive changes in well-being, this can lead to lower fertility intentions, lower realized fertility, and also postponement if one surmises that less time is needed to have a smaller optimal number of children. | Sociologists Mikko Myrskyla and Rachel Margolis found out that third child does not make subjective well-being greater. The researchers also discovered that having a baby at older age is more beneficial psychologically. Although many different explanations of this phenomenon were proposed, relatively little attention was paid to subjective well-being of parents. | First, if we observe that young parents have negative well-being trajectories but that older parents with more resources have easier transitions to parenthood, this may influence postponement of a first birth through social learning. Second, if we observe the transition to parenthood being accompanied by negative rather than positive changes in well-being, this can lead to lower fertility intentions, lower realized fertility, and also postponement if one surmises that less time is needed to have a smaller optimal number of children. Thus, one's own experiences may influence further parity progression after a first birth, and social learning from other people's subjective experiences may influence decisions 1 Part of the gap between desired and actual fertility is explained by measurement: desired fertility is a cohort concept, but fertility behavior is often measured on a period basis. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_36 | The researchers, who followed the boys up to the age of nine, found that almost 5,000 cases of ASD were diagnosed. | During follow-up through April 2013, a total of 5033 boys (1.5%) and 1026 girls (0.3%) were diagnosed with ASD before their 10th | The researchers, who followed the boys up to the age of nine, found that almost 5,000 cases of ASD were diagnosed. The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers noted they also made an unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. | having the same mother and father) of a boy undergoing ritual circumcision was the time-dependent exposure variable shifting from unexposed to exposed on the (first) date of ritual circumcision in a brother (for sisters born before the brother's ritual circumcision) or at birth (for sisters born later). During follow-up through April 2013, a total of 5033 boys (1.5%) and 1026 girls (0.3%) were diagnosed with ASD before their 10th Several examined birth and perinatal characteristics exhibited non-trivial associations with ASD risk, and all, except twin status, had associated Wald test p values < 0.05 in univariate analyses among boys (Table 1) . | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://psychcentral.com/news/2015/01/10/circumcision-linked-to-increased-risk-of-autism/79714.html |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_360 | But continuing violent disciplinary fear tactics instead of teaching is frankly abuse apologist and triggering to abuse survivors. | Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62). | You may have turned out "fine". But continuing violent disciplinary fear tactics instead of teaching is frankly abuse apologist and triggering to abuse survivors. -- 100% tenidite quevtefani (@scarlettroseV) January 6, 2018
She is ABSOLUTELY right!! | Analysis showed a significant positive association between corporal punishment and physical perpetration of dating violence (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62). The finding that childhood corporal punishment was associated with perpetration of young adult physical dating violence, even after controlling for several demographic variables and childhood physical abuse, adds to the growing literature demonstrating deleterious outcomes associated with corporal punishment. | [1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33001285672&p=1pl&v=1&x=mY8JhuBWW01QmuVJVuzYBw |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_361 | Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed. | Several important findings of our study merit discussion. | The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed. That held true even after the researchers took into account the person's age, gender, parents' education and any history of child physical abuse. | Notably, sex and parent education Several important findings of our study merit discussion. First, more than one-half (68%) of participants in this sample reported experiencing corporal punishment as children. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32686504555&p=1pl&v=1&x=J_KXigEKTcXYUPzjI0fyuQ |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_362 | This study is in line with earlier research which suggests communicating numerous emotions with touch, including decoding anger, fear, love and gratitude. | In line with our hypothesis, the male partner's empathic accuracy significantly moderated the effect of touch on synchronization for respiration fluctuations (F (4,28000) = 27.87, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = 419439.8, ΔR 2 = 0.23). | From fire-walking rituals and tear-jerker movies to choirs singing, and yes, the ultimate, googly-eyed love stares that make romantic couples, well, even more googly, researchers found evidence that women with highly empathetic partners reported increased pain reduction. This study is in line with earlier research which suggests communicating numerous emotions with touch, including decoding anger, fear, love and gratitude. However, this current study acknowledges that mechanisms identified as social touch analgesia (pain-relief without loss of consciousness), remains widely unknown. | Empathic accuracy and trait empathy measurements demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). In line with our hypothesis, the male partner's empathic accuracy significantly moderated the effect of touch on synchronization for respiration fluctuations (F (4,28000) = 27.87, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = 419439.8, ΔR 2 = 0.23). More specifically, a high level of empathic accuracy (one standard deviation above the mean) compared to a low level (one standard deviation below the mean) was associated with increased coupling between female velocity and male acceleration in respiration during the touch condition (Δζ t(p) = 0.028, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.016, 0.040]). | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.666667 | news | https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/holding-hands-can-ease-pain.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_363 | By their early twenties, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement. | The adolescent who comes to depend upon pseudomature behavior to gain peer status may gradually need to shift, for example, from minor forms of delinquency, such as vandalism and shoplifting, to more serious acts of criminal behavior to impress even a subset of older peers. | Meanwhile, as the young James Deans and Miley Cyruses aged they had to engage in ever-riskier behavior to keep thinking of themselves as cool. By their early twenties, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement. Turns out being a cool kid has a really short shelf life. | Early reliance upon minor acts of delinquency to impress peers may thus lead to a greater likelihood of associating with deviance-prone peers, who in turn would only be impressed by more and more serious acts of deviance over time. The adolescent who comes to depend upon pseudomature behavior to gain peer status may gradually need to shift, for example, from minor forms of delinquency, such as vandalism and shoplifting, to more serious acts of criminal behavior to impress even a subset of older peers. Similarly, whereas minor levels of alcohol or substance use may impress a subgroup of peers in early adolescence, by early adulthood, such behavior would gain little notice, and it may take heavy drinking and more serious substance use to try to impress adult peers. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/cool-kids-age-poorly/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciam%2Fmind-and-brain+%28Topic%3A+Mind+%26+Brain%29 |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_364 | Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma were at 40 % to 50% greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to similar people without these eye conditions. | Our specific findings also mitigate the possibility that they merely reflect age-related phenomena. | "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma were at 40 % to 50% greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to similar people without these eye conditions. Cataract diagnosis was not an Alzheimer's disease risk factor. | Several factors suggest the effects we found are specific to these ophthalmic conditions and not merely agerelated phenomena. Our specific findings also mitigate the possibility that they merely reflect age-related phenomena. We included separate terms for recent vs. established condition, and the pattern of findings was not consistent across conditions. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34765487148&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufEabPDBICA34OF2ZCudfA |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_366 | In addition, the data reveals that a reaction to a birth is highly influenced by such sociodemographic characteristics as age or socioeconomic status. | A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth . | The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby. In addition, the data reveals that a reaction to a birth is highly influenced by such sociodemographic characteristics as age or socioeconomic status. "Those who become parents at young ages have a downward happiness trajectory, but those who become parents at older ages and men with more resources have more positive short- and long-term responses to a birth," the scientists claim. | These might explain why women anticipate a first birth more than men, with stronger happiness increases prior to and around the birth and a larger drop afterward. A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth . Qualitative information on work-family conflict, planning status of births, and instrumental support would be useful to further our understanding of the social mechanisms. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4081 | Psychology_367 | Results for older parents were varied as well. | Within this group, we found no prominent association between parental age and the risk for bipolar disorder. | This could be due to the socioeconomic stress of being raised by unprepared teens, the authors suggest. Results for older parents were varied as well. While older women posed increased risk only for mental retardation (which may, the authors say, reflect the well-known association between maternal age and Down syndrome), children with fathers over the age of 45 had a 34% increased risk for psychiatric illnesses overall, and showed a clear trend of steadily increasing risk over the age of 29. | For the general category of mood disorders, the offspring of teenaged mothers or fathers and the offspring of older fathers had small but significantly increased risks (compared with the reference category). Within this group, we found no prominent association between parental age and the risk for bipolar disorder. The risk for schizophrenia and related disorders was associated with older fathers (≥45 years vs the reference category; IRR, For the broad group of neurotic and stress-related disorders (ICD-10-DRC codes F40-F48), the offspring of teenaged mothers were at the highest risk (IRR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.45- | [1.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://qz.com/170543/men-shouldnt-wait-too-long-to-have-kids-either/ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_368 | "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. | At first interview, parents' levels of life satisfaction (on a scale of 0 to 10) were 7.5 in the German data and 7.0 in the British data. | Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. | interview following the first birth (90 % in Germany, 88 % in Britain), but the majority of mothers were on a maternity or comparable leave (51 % in Germany, 55 % in Britain). At first interview, parents' levels of life satisfaction (on a scale of 0 to 10) were 7.5 in the German data and 7.0 in the British data. At first birth, life satisfaction was marginally higher, decreasing again by the last interview. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_369 | In grownups, this interpersonal touch can help regulate responses to stress, increasing trust and emotional well-being. | In addition, a possible explanation for these contradictory findings may rely on the different definitions of synchronization used in the two studies. | It seems that hyperscanning, or this brain-to-brain coupling by the act of hand-holding while in pain, may have a soothing, analgesic effect, like the skin-to-skin touch that is beneficial to premature babies. In grownups, this interpersonal touch can help regulate responses to stress, increasing trust and emotional well-being. From fire-walking rituals and tear-jerker movies to choirs singing, and yes, the ultimate, googly-eyed love stares that make romantic couples, well, even more googly, researchers found evidence that women with highly empathetic partners reported increased pain reduction. | As a result they probably experienced higher levels of pain and distress during the pain condition, which may disrupt the physiological coupling. In addition, a possible explanation for these contradictory findings may rely on the different definitions of synchronization used in the two studies. Here we show that in the absence of touch, the experience of pain disrupted the physiological coupling as the targets probably were focusing on their own pain experience. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.2 | news | https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/holding-hands-can-ease-pain.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1 |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_37 | In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. | In Jilin, where prevalence included those children with autism identified from special education and other settings outside mainstream population, the prevalence estimate was 108 per 10,000. | This collaboration with colleagues in China is so valuable to help us understand what is universal and what is culture-specific in autism research." In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. | In Shenzhen, it was 42.3 per 10,000 and 19.0 per 10,000 in Jiamusi. In Jilin, where prevalence included those children with autism identified from special education and other settings outside mainstream population, the prevalence estimate was 108 per 10,000. The strengths of this first large-scale study of autism in China are several. | [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_370 | When associated with a pleasant label, we enjoy the odour more than when it is presented with a negative label. | People react faster to food odors compared with nonfood odors ). | When associated with a pleasant label, we enjoy the odour more than when it is presented with a negative label. The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. Specifically, participants described the odours as pleasant and edible (even those associated with non-food items) when associated with positive labels. | However, edibility of the odorant could better explain our results. People react faster to food odors compared with nonfood odors ). This may explain why the positive label elicited a significantly faster reaction time than the negative one, as the latter was not associated with food. | [4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_371 | But the benefits of music aren't just for musicians; taking up piano could be the difference between an A and a B in Spanish class. | Synaptic density follows a similar developmental trajectory, increasing in early childhood and subsequently declining during adolescence (2-5). | At the end of 3 years, those students who had played instruments were better at detecting speech sounds, like syllables and words that rhyme, than their JROTC peers, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. These findings suggest that musical training could keep that window open longer. But the benefits of music aren't just for musicians; taking up piano could be the difference between an A and a B in Spanish class. | Response consistency peaks in childhood (∼8-11 y of age), declining steadily until young adulthood ; we show that this adolescent decline is mitigated by in-school music lessons. Synaptic density follows a similar developmental trajectory, increasing in early childhood and subsequently declining during adolescence (2-5). Consistent with previous cross-sectional studies showing enhanced response consistency in musicians and in participants using assistive listening devices (75), the music training group maintained a higher level of response consistency between years 1 and 4. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2015/07/benefits-band-class |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_372 | Experts Are Divided On Frisch's Study
Not all experts are convinced with Frisch's study that suggests circumcision could increase autism risk. | Older children whose foreskins have already spontaneously separated from the glans will only experience the pain associated with the foreskin incision. | The study has also prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to release a statement advising health facilities for newborns to use strategies that would lessen the number of painful procedures performed. Experts Are Divided On Frisch's Study
Not all experts are convinced with Frisch's study that suggests circumcision could increase autism risk. "The problem with Frisch's fundamental premise is that circumcision causes pain in infants and boys," Morris pointed out. | 5 The procedural pain associated with neonatal circumcision is plausibly more severe and the postoperative pain of longer duration than in older children and adults, because the foreskin of most neonates must be forcefully separated from the glans to which it is fused before it can be cut off. Older children whose foreskins have already spontaneously separated from the glans will only experience the pain associated with the foreskin incision. , , 4 Thus, while most boys presumably experience mild to moderate levels of pain and discomfort during and after the operation, some boys will endure strongly painful circumcisions. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.parentherald.com/articles/44740/20160519/circumcision-increase-autism-risk-experts-divided.htm |
10.1080/08870446.2013.818674 | Psychology_373 | Self-efficacy and support
The result: support from their partners is helpful to smokers who wish to stop and it increases their chances of success, provided that they have developed skills of their own that help them to abstain. | Coping planning showed an interaction with received social support for continuous abstinence (p< .05, see Table 2 , third column). | Self-efficacy and support
The result: support from their partners is helpful to smokers who wish to stop and it increases their chances of success, provided that they have developed skills of their own that help them to abstain. Such support could involve their partner reminding them of their plan to quit as well as encouraging and supporting them in critical situations. Careful planning
The same is true of the coping strategies that the smoker plans to apply in difficult situations (for instance, taking a chewing gum or being reminded of one's wish to quit when spending an evening in the company of smokers and feeling an uncontrollable craving for a cigarette). | Action planning did not show an interaction with received social support, neither for continuous abstinence nor for point prevalence (see Tables 2 and 3 , second column). Coping planning showed an interaction with received social support for continuous abstinence (p< .05, see Table 2 , third column). The analysis of the region of significance by the Johnson Neyman technique showed that the simple slopes were only significant at levels of social support higher than 1.65 (p < .05). | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/substance-abuse/41119-rauchstopp-zu-zweit.html |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_374 | The test is only supposed to provide some potentially useful information that people can discuss with their doctor. | The lack of blinding in two of the three studies also limits the validity of the meta-analysis. | The 23andMe test will tell consumers about 33 genetic variants that are associated with how well common drugs -- blood thinners like Plavix and Coumadin, for example -- work, but it's explicit that consumers should not change their medications based on these results. The test is only supposed to provide some potentially useful information that people can discuss with their doctor. To win approval, the company had to run a demographically representative study proving that 97 percent of users understand that the test is not a medical recommendation, says 23andMe chief legal and regulatory officer Kathy Hibbs. | GeneSightguided treatment was most beneficial in patients receiving genotype-discordant (red-bin) medications at baseline, as might be expected. The lack of blinding in two of the three studies also limits the validity of the meta-analysis. In a 1-year, blinded, retrospective study, the number of outpatient health care visits, number of medical absence days, and number of disability claims were found to be significantly greater (p=0.015, p=0.04, and p=0.003, respectively) among patients treated with genotype-discordant medications (N=9; red bin) as compared with patients treated with genotype-concordant medications (N=39; green bin), equating to a total yearly savings of $5,174 . | [1.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_375 | However, only the parmesan cheese odour elicited a different reaction time, which was slower when the label was positive. | A possible explanation for this effect could be that the label "cheap perfume" is not truly negative or that it is less negative compared with other negative labels in the present study. | This finding indicates that the perceived edibility of an odour can be manipulated by a description, and that olfactory perception may be driven by a top-down (or directive) cognitive process. However, only the parmesan cheese odour elicited a different reaction time, which was slower when the label was positive. "We were surprised by this result because we expected reaction times to increase when all four odours were associated with positive labels," says Manescu. | We found that participants rated geraniol as more intense when it was labeled positively ("fresh flowers") than when labeled negatively ("cheap perfume"). A possible explanation for this effect could be that the label "cheap perfume" is not truly negative or that it is less negative compared with other negative labels in the present study. Further, geraniol was the only odor that was rated as pleasant when its ratings for positive and negative labels were collapsed together (although its negative label was neutral). | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_376 | "Although descriptions appear to influence reaction time, this may be modulated by label fit and the edibility attributed to an odour or label," concludes Manescu. | In addition to these subjective measures, pleasant and unpleasant odors have an impact on psychophysiological measures such as skin conductance, heart rate, startle reflex, and reaction time. | "We were surprised by this result because we expected reaction times to increase when all four odours were associated with positive labels," says Manescu. In this study, however, cumin -- which was rated positively when presented with the label "Indian food" -- did not result in a slower reaction time, unlike parmesan cheese, which yield slower reaction times and was rated positively when presented with the "parmesan cheese" label. "Although descriptions appear to influence reaction time, this may be modulated by label fit and the edibility attributed to an odour or label," concludes Manescu. | Therefore, its study will clarify whether an odor's edibility evaluation is also manipulated by a top-down process as is the case with pleasantness evaluation. In addition to these subjective measures, pleasant and unpleasant odors have an impact on psychophysiological measures such as skin conductance, heart rate, startle reflex, and reaction time. Skin conductance increases with unpleasant odors and decreases with pleasant odors . | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_377 | "It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they're probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done, since confirmatory testing is expected anyway even if you got 23andMe," says Boadie Dunlop, an Emory University psychiatrist who researchers biological markers that predict responses to drug treatments. | CYP450-drug interactions were identified for 43 of these 54 patients, and other gene variants (COMT, OPRM1, SLCO1B1, VKORC1, and MTHFR) were deemed actionable for 33. | The doctor still isn't supposed to suggest changing medication until they have you genetically tested again by an independent lab. "It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they're probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done, since confirmatory testing is expected anyway even if you got 23andMe," says Boadie Dunlop, an Emory University psychiatrist who researchers biological markers that predict responses to drug treatments. The team analyzed four tests (CNSDose, Genecept, GeneSight, and Neuropharmagen) and found that they could reliably detect whether someone has a certain genetic variant, says Dunlop. | Prescribing changes were recommended for 54 (48%) patients after the IDgenetixinformed medication management review. CYP450-drug interactions were identified for 43 of these 54 patients, and other gene variants (COMT, OPRM1, SLCO1B1, VKORC1, and MTHFR) were deemed actionable for 33. In total, IDgenetixguided medication reviews identified the need for changes in medication regimen for 38% more patients than did standard methods. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Psychology_378 | Overall, the authors report, "results of this study are consistent with those in procedural memory consolidation in preschool-aged children." | For example, selective memory for negative aspects of complex scenes is positively correlated with both SWS and SWA during a nap, although correlated with nocturnal REM sleep 7 . | Together, "these results suggest that sleep bouts can interact to benefit memory in early childhood," they conclude. Overall, the authors report, "results of this study are consistent with those in procedural memory consolidation in preschool-aged children." As in observations by others, "both a nap and subsequent overnight sleep was necessary to observe performance benefits." | If such were the case, REM in subsequent overnight sleep may support delayed emotional memory processing. For example, selective memory for negative aspects of complex scenes is positively correlated with both SWS and SWA during a nap, although correlated with nocturnal REM sleep 7 . Likewise, negative memories selectively cued during SWS are better remembered than uncued items 8 . | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_379 | However, in the long run, there are no differences between the happiness levels of men and women before and after children. | Rather, our results provide a new way of understanding theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by the subjective well-being response of parents to childbearing. | Women also have steeper drops in their happiness than men between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of the larger initial gain. However, in the long run, there are no differences between the happiness levels of men and women before and after children. Those who have children at an older age or who are more educated have a particularly positive response to a first birth. | In addition, we do not argue that subjective well-being was the main driver of fertility decline because subjective experience likely became an important determinant of fertility during or after the second demographic transition with the rise of individualistic values. Rather, our results provide a new way of understanding theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by the subjective well-being response of parents to childbearing. Our results are quite similar in Britain and Germany. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_38 | Researchers believe it is the first time the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression and sleep have been studied in a large sample. | Understanding the neural connectivity that underlies both conditions and mediates the association between them is likely to lead to better-directed treatments for depression and associated sleep problems. | Among those with depression, researchers found a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is associated with short-term memory; the precuneus, which is associated with the self, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is associated with negative emotion. Researchers believe it is the first time the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression and sleep have been studied in a large sample. "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." | IMPORTANCE Depression is associated with poor sleep quality. Understanding the neural connectivity that underlies both conditions and mediates the association between them is likely to lead to better-directed treatments for depression and associated sleep problems. The Depressive Problems score was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.371; P < .001). | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34634204738&p=1pl&v=1&x=GZ7D3xt9Fp7_9IgR9S1Qrg |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_380 | What researchers found was that the kids considered cool in the 8th grade had already peaked by the time they reached high school. | In addition, the sociometric assessment employed in this study limited raters to those from the same grade level (as do virtually all such assessments). | Allen said they chose to start at the age of 13 to catch the teens at the beginning of their adolescence. What researchers found was that the kids considered cool in the 8th grade had already peaked by the time they reached high school. For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. | Similarly, the measure of valuing popularity, relying solely upon lay usage of the term, did not clearly distinguish between social preference versus social status in peer relationships. In addition, the sociometric assessment employed in this study limited raters to those from the same grade level (as do virtually all such assessments). In this case, however, the result is that if teens succeed in achieving popularity among older adolescents (but not among their age mates), our assessment would not have detected this effect. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/ |
10.1016/j.nicl.2013.09.001 | Psychology_381 | "We empirically know that a certain type of anatomical abnormality is related to specific brain diseases," he said. | Of the 335 subjects with MRI scans at baseline, a total of 230 individuals remained cognitively normal and 51 developed incident cognitive impairment and were diagnosed with MCI (of these, 8 subsequently progressed to AD dementia). | Mori points out that such a "biobank" has the potential to impact doctors' workflow dramatically. "We empirically know that a certain type of anatomical abnormality is related to specific brain diseases," he said. We hope our brain imaging data bank will not only assist such a learning process but also enhance the physician's ability to understand the pathology and reach the best medical decision." | Over time, an additional number of subjects had developed MCI or AD dementia. Of the 335 subjects with MRI scans at baseline, a total of 230 individuals remained cognitively normal and 51 developed incident cognitive impairment and were diagnosed with MCI (of these, 8 subsequently progressed to AD dementia). Of the 230 controls who remained controls on follow-up, 136 had repeat MRI scans (M = 2.98/subject). | [3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/children-s-brain-image-bank-could-become-a-google-tool-for-doctors |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_382 | The team found that when the participants closed their eyes, they were able to remember 23 percent more information than the people in the other groups. | These findings provide support for the idea that visualization plays an important role in the eye-closure effect (see also . | Close
If you're cramming for a test or have an important date to remember, you might find this simple tip useful: close your eyes. The team found that when the participants closed their eyes, they were able to remember 23 percent more information than the people in the other groups. Having a good relationship with the interviewer also helped people answer more questions about the crime correctly, but if the person closed his or her eyes, the recall was effective regardless of the rapport the person felt with the interviewer. | In contrast, eyeclosure had no significant effect on retrieval of auditory details. These findings provide support for the idea that visualization plays an important role in the eye-closure effect (see also . For participants who had not closed their eyes during the first session, eye-closure during the second free recall also significantly increased the report of incorrect visual information, which could have problematic consequences in legal settings. | [5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_383 | The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. | Only the juniper berry odorant exhibited a difference in label fit: its positive label ("green mango") (M = 2.60, SD = 2.17) fit significantly less, or was less representative, than its negative label ("hospital disinfectant") (M = 6.70, SD = 2.67; t[9] = −3.69, P < 0.05, corrected). | When associated with a pleasant label, we enjoy the odour more than when it is presented with a negative label. The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. Specifically, participants described the odours as pleasant and edible (even those associated with non-food items) when associated with positive labels. | In other words, all the labels (positive and negative) of these 4 odors equally represented the odors in question. Only the juniper berry odorant exhibited a difference in label fit: its positive label ("green mango") (M = 2.60, SD = 2.17) fit significantly less, or was less representative, than its negative label ("hospital disinfectant") (M = 6.70, SD = 2.67; t[9] = −3.69, P < 0.05, corrected). The other 4 labels fit well to the respective odors, as indicated by the mean values (range 4.5-9.1) of fit ratings (Table 2) . | [4.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Psychology_384 | As a result, CBD helps restore balance, reducing the negative symptoms that ADHD sufferers experience, while also improving concentration. | Second, basal eCB signaling appears to be reduced in individuals afflicted with stress-related psychiatric conditions, such as major depression or PTSD, suggesting that impaired eCB signaling is related to the development of these conditions. | As a result, CBD eases the symptoms of many illnesses and contributes to better health and well-being. As a result, CBD helps restore balance, reducing the negative symptoms that ADHD sufferers experience, while also improving concentration. Using CBD, therefore, reduces the need for stimulants like Adderall. | First, eCB signaling is responsive to stress and deficient eCB activity is associated with increased stress responses, suggesting that eCB signaling constrains the magnitude of the stress response. Second, basal eCB signaling appears to be reduced in individuals afflicted with stress-related psychiatric conditions, such as major depression or PTSD, suggesting that impaired eCB signaling is related to the development of these conditions. Whether the reduction in eCB signaling is a predisposing factor or a burden of the disease itself, is yet to be determined, as is whether these changes in circulating eCB levels are reflective of central eCB activity. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_386 | By their early twenties, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement. | Cumulative continuity theory again suggests an explanation in which early pseudomature behavior may alter critical contexts in which adolescents are developing so as to lead to more serious criminal behavior in the future. | Meanwhile, as the young James Deans and Miley Cyruses aged they had to engage in ever-riskier behavior to keep thinking of themselves as cool. By their early twenties, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement. Turns out being a cool kid has a really short shelf life. | Early pseudomature behavior also predicted higher adult levels of more serious criminal behavior, alcohol and drug use, and problems associated with such use. Cumulative continuity theory again suggests an explanation in which early pseudomature behavior may alter critical contexts in which adolescents are developing so as to lead to more serious criminal behavior in the future. For example, if pseudomature behavior leaves early adolescents more likely to associate with deviant teens and more likely to believe that relying upon deviant behaviors is a useful way of impressing peers, then such behavior would likely place teens at greater risk of engaging in more serious deviant behavior going forward. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/cool-kids-age-poorly/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciam%2Fmind-and-brain+%28Topic%3A+Mind+%26+Brain%29 |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_387 | This collaboration with colleagues in China is so valuable to help us understand what is universal and what is culture-specific in autism research." | This is one of the reasons why previous prevalence estimates were much lower than those from the developed countries. | This collaboration with colleagues in China is so valuable to help us understand what is universal and what is culture-specific in autism research." In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. | Another limitation of this study was that there was no information available concerning the prevalence of autism in special education in Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities. This is one of the reasons why previous prevalence estimates were much lower than those from the developed countries. The prevalence in those two schools was 119 per 10,000 . | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803735334&p=1pl&v=1&x=Olj8Q_8mSR67vcOaC9l--A |
10.1002/eat.20625 | Psychology_388 | The firm found that that was due to two things: the growing popularity of the size-acceptance movement, and dieter fatigue. | About one in five women and almost one in ten men acknowledged that they checked their body size at least "very often" during the past 3 months (a moderate effect). | Dieting is no longer a necessary problem of vanity, as it has been historically termed, but a problem of knowledge and efficiency--a rhetorical shift with broad implications for how people think of themselves. The firm found that that was due to two things: the growing popularity of the size-acceptance movement, and dieter fatigue. For new companies, laundering what are often fairly conventional diet practices through the language of technology provides the imprimatur of newness in the eyes of seasoned dieters, as well as a Trojan horse to reach consumers who, for whatever reason, were never interested in dieting qua dieting. | To our knowledge, ours is the first study to report gender differences in body checking or body avoidance in a community sample. About one in five women and almost one in ten men acknowledged that they checked their body size at least "very often" during the past 3 months (a moderate effect). Women were also significantly more likely than men to report consciously avoiding checking body weight or shape (a weak effect). | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37544034795&p=1pl&v=1&x=nSrZYazEZSBbGoNGR6w7Vg |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_389 | However, only the parmesan cheese odour elicited a different reaction time, which was slower when the label was positive. | The relationship between labels with the ratings of intensity and reaction times seems to be more complex and modulated by a number of other factors, such as affective valence of odors (regardless of labels), label fit, and "edibility" of labels. | This finding indicates that the perceived edibility of an odour can be manipulated by a description, and that olfactory perception may be driven by a top-down (or directive) cognitive process. However, only the parmesan cheese odour elicited a different reaction time, which was slower when the label was positive. "We were surprised by this result because we expected reaction times to increase when all four odours were associated with positive labels," says Manescu. | In summary, odor labels significantly affected perceived edibility and pleasantness, and there was a partial effect for odor labels on perceived intensity and reaction times. Odorants presented with positive labels were systematically rated as being more edible and more pleasant than negative labels, and this is true even for nonfood labels. The relationship between labels with the ratings of intensity and reaction times seems to be more complex and modulated by a number of other factors, such as affective valence of odors (regardless of labels), label fit, and "edibility" of labels. | [4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/smelling-with-our-eyes-descriptions-affect-odour-perception |
10.1093/schbul/sbv109 | Psychology_39 | / no comments
While it is known that the incidence and outward symptoms of schizophrenia are strongly influenced by ethnic factorsaEUR"for instance, patients from Asian ethnicities are more likely to experience visual hallucinations, whereas patients from western cultures and Caucasian ethnicities are more likely to suffer from auditory hallucinationsaEUR"it was unclear if brain deficits would differ amongst suffers from various ethnic backgrounds. | For example, patients from Asian ethnicities are more likely to experience visual hallucinations, whereas patients from western cultures and Caucasian ethnicities are more likely to suffer from auditory hallucinations. | / no comments
While it is known that the incidence and outward symptoms of schizophrenia are strongly influenced by ethnic factorsaEUR"for instance, patients from Asian ethnicities are more likely to experience visual hallucinations, whereas patients from western cultures and Caucasian ethnicities are more likely to suffer from auditory hallucinationsaEUR"it was unclear if brain deficits would differ amongst suffers from various ethnic backgrounds. Building upon previous research showing consistent gray matter reduction in the right anterior insulaaEUR"evident after a single episode of the illnessaEUR"the authors conclude this reduction exists regardless of ethnic background. Their work provides additional evidence that this region may provide valuable information that could be used to inform diagnostic evaluations in not only schizophrenia but other Axis I disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety regardless of ethnicity. | the incidence and clinical expression of schizophrenia vary according to a number of sociodemographic factors including, amongst others, the ethnic origin of the patients under investigation. For example, patients from Asian ethnicities are more likely to experience visual hallucinations, whereas patients from western cultures and Caucasian ethnicities are more likely to suffer from auditory hallucinations. 5 In addition, the content of hallucination and delusions is also strongly influenced by the patient's ethnic milieus. | [5.0, 3.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4.25 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/researchers-find-neuroanatomical-signature-for-schizophrenia/ |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Psychology_390 | The overall effect is to bring the brain down from a state of over-stimulation to a normal, baseline stimulation level. | That is, stress-induced activation of the amygdala is reduced in those who have elevated AEA levels, and striatal responses to reward are higher. | This, in turn, helps improve focus and attention in those with ADHD. The overall effect is to bring the brain down from a state of over-stimulation to a normal, baseline stimulation level. It also has a high potential for abuse and misuse. | Interestingly, carriers of the A allele of this FAAH polymorphism exhibit blunted activation of the amygdala in response to threat cues and enhanced activation of the ventral striatum in response to reward-related cues . That is, stress-induced activation of the amygdala is reduced in those who have elevated AEA levels, and striatal responses to reward are higher. The reason for this putative discrepancy, and possible interactions with life stress, should be considered in future studies. | [1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1080/09500693.2018.1540897 | Psychology_391 | "Women are well-represented among student population, suggesting that the recruitment of women into STEM and academia more generally is going well," she says. | In future studies, a comprehensive view using the various aspects of the conceptual framework should be the basis for the design of programmes and experiments with them to prevent talented boys and girls from dropping out of STEM education. | The results are disheartening, lead author Dr. Whitney Beeler, MD, of the University of Michigan's Department of Radiation Oncology, tells Bustle. "Women are well-represented among student population, suggesting that the recruitment of women into STEM and academia more generally is going well," she says. "Unfortunately, it appears that the pipeline is leaking a with a consistent drop in the proportion of women at each rung of the professional ladder. | However, this knowledge can be more useful for the field of education if it results in actions focusing on increasing the interest and persistence in STEM education and STEM-related professions. In future studies, a comprehensive view using the various aspects of the conceptual framework should be the basis for the design of programmes and experiments with them to prevent talented boys and girls from dropping out of STEM education. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40221871852&p=1pl&v=1&x=YoxlwItGkxllKvqs__4klg |
10.1177/0956797617692041 | Psychology_392 | Having to get refills did not seem to deter participants: People were just as likely to buy a large single serving as they were a somewhat smaller serving with refills. | Such norms can also be affected by the relative size of a serving container: A 20-oz drink seems smaller and more appropriate when it is the second-largest drink in a set as opposed to the largest . | However, it did not affect the further downstream behavior of consumption. Having to get refills did not seem to deter participants: People were just as likely to buy a large single serving as they were a somewhat smaller serving with refills. Importantly, most of the people who chose to buy the drink with refills did end up getting a refill, and they tended to consume more overall: Participants consumed 44% more calories when they had a drink with refills than when they had a larger single drink. | This happens in part by shifting consumption normsthat is, people's views of an appropriate serving size . Such norms can also be affected by the relative size of a serving container: A 20-oz drink seems smaller and more appropriate when it is the second-largest drink in a set as opposed to the largest . And when large serving sizes are viewed as appropriate, people feel less guilty about consuming them, which can encourage overconsumption )-compounded by the tendency to underestimate the size of large serving containers ). | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/some-strategies-to-limit-sugary-drinks-may-backfire/ |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_393 | "What we found was not subtle," said Dr. Paul Crane, professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the UW School of Medicine. | Some overlap existed across glaucoma, AMD, and DR, as 331 had two of these and 27 had all three conditions (Supplementary Figure) . | Cataract diagnosis was not an Alzheimer's disease risk factor. "What we found was not subtle," said Dr. Paul Crane, professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the UW School of Medicine. "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." | At the data freeze, 213 participants had recent, and 481 had established glaucoma; 420 recent and 616 established AMD; 93 recent and 155 established DR; 741 recent and 2694 established cataract. Some overlap existed across glaucoma, AMD, and DR, as 331 had two of these and 27 had all three conditions (Supplementary Figure) . Most (87%) AMD codes did not specify wet versus dry. | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34765487148&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufEabPDBICA34OF2ZCudfA |
10.1073/pnas.1322295111 | Psychology_394 | In contrast, the other groups demonstrated a bias toward whichever color showed up most often in the trials. | On trials without personal control, near-misses and full-misses did not differ (t Subdividing the target group into the vmPFC, insula and amygdala subgroups, the overall task sensitivities were similar to the first model: the perceived chances of winning was higher on personal choice trials, and winning outcomes were rated as more pleasant and increased the motivation to continue the game. | Instead, they were likely to stick to the same color trial after trial. In contrast, the other groups demonstrated a bias toward whichever color showed up most often in the trials. The scientists believe that these results suggest where we might find some of the neural circuits that play a critical role in risky decision making. | Consistent with past observations with this task, the interaction was driven by the participant-chosen trials, on which near-misses tended to increase the motivation to continue playing (M = .2, SD = 29.2) compared to full-misses (M = 43.6, SD = 29.9), although this effect was marginally significant (t = 1.69, p = .10). On trials without personal control, near-misses and full-misses did not differ (t Subdividing the target group into the vmPFC, insula and amygdala subgroups, the overall task sensitivities were similar to the first model: the perceived chances of winning was higher on personal choice trials, and winning outcomes were rated as more pleasant and increased the motivation to continue the game. An additional effect was a further manifestation of the illusion of | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.4 | news | http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/04/brain-damage-can-make-people-immune-to-the-gamblers-fallacy/ |
10.1007/s10508-017-0962-0 | Psychology_395 | rawpixels.com/Pexels
aVoice biasa might help explain why gay workers lose promotions and raises. | The same analysis conducted for the salary recommendation yielded a significant interaction between stimulus and sexual orientation, F(1, 59) = 4.89, p = .03, g p 2 = .08. | aTransitioning in the Workplacea shares advice about coming out to colleagues, introducing a new name and setting a medical timeline with your manager. It might get a little uncomfortable at work. rawpixels.com/Pexels
aVoice biasa might help explain why gay workers lose promotions and raises. | In contrast, when judging on the basis of voice, participants evaluated the heterosexual candidate (M = 3.63, SD = .76) more positively than the gay candidate (M = 2.16, SD = .83; p\.001). The same analysis conducted for the salary recommendation yielded a significant interaction between stimulus and sexual orientation, F(1, 59) = 4.89, p = .03, g p 2 = .08. While no significant difference emerged between the heterosexual (M = 1.36, SD = .49) and the gay candidate (M = 1.31, SD = .63) when their face was shown, in the voice condition the heterosexual candidate (M = 2.28, SD = 1.27) was assigned a higher salary than the gay applicant (M = 1.27, SD = .45; p = .001). | [1.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37397496941&p=1pl&v=1&x=Pw4ndUhTRs2bbpeJxg_bxQ |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_396 | Study participants who were told that the ad was targeted to them because of their Internet browsing history were more likely than others to say that the ad suggested they had "sophisticated food preferences." | We also add to the growing body of literature exploring how consumers' online behavior can affect their self-concept . | "In a sense, you become more like what the ads say you are. Study participants who were told that the ad was targeted to them because of their Internet browsing history were more likely than others to say that the ad suggested they had "sophisticated food preferences." They were also more likely to say they would purchase the Groupon than those in the other two groups. | Specifically, by showing that consumers viewing a behaviorally targeted ad recognize an implied label from a marketer, we integrate the literatures on marketplace metacognition and consumer response to firms' digital marketing efforts (e.g., . We also add to the growing body of literature exploring how consumers' online behavior can affect their self-concept . In addition, our work contributes to the literature on social labeling by introducing a new type of implied social label. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_397 | The findings are slightly complicated by earlier work that found autism emerges in utero, which suggests circumcision could only intensify a preexisting deficiency. | The HR was higher, though not significantly so, for boys circumcised at age 24 months or older (HR ¼ 1.96; 95% CI: 0.93-4.14), an estimate based on only seven cases of ASD in that group ( Table 2) . | That number may be so low due to overwhelming beliefs that the practice equates to genital mutilation, while stateside it may be considered more comparable to dental braces. The findings are slightly complicated by earlier work that found autism emerges in utero, which suggests circumcision could only intensify a preexisting deficiency. At any rate, the findings may hold great promise for other countries to adopt formal anesthetic protocol to avoid, or at least minimize, the pain children experience. | For boys circumcised before their second birthday, overall ASD risk during the first 0-9 years of life was 41% elevated (HR ¼ 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05-1.90). The HR was higher, though not significantly so, for boys circumcised at age 24 months or older (HR ¼ 1.96; 95% CI: 0.93-4.14), an estimate based on only seven cases of ASD in that group ( Table 2) . The increased risk of ASD in circumcised boys under the age of 5 years was present among boys in both Muslim and non-Muslim families ( Table 2) . | [3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.25 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/asd-and-circumcision-linked-thoughts-brain-development-factor-318144 |
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