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{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 583} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 583 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero, 1st Marquis of Mulhacén, (April 14, 1825 - January 28 or 29, 1891) was a Spanish divisional general and geographer. He represented Spain at the 1875 Conference of the Metre Convention and was the first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. As a forerunner geodesist and first president of the International Geodetic Association, he played a leading role in the worldwide dissemination of the metric system. His activities resulted in the distribution of a platinum and iridium prototype of the metre to all States parties |
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{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 4, "sc": 583, "ep": 4, "ec": 1171} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 4 | 583 | 4 | 1,171 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | to the Metre Convention during the first meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1889. These prototypes defined the metre right up until 1960.
He was born in Barcelona. According to Spanish tradition, his surname was a combination of his father's first surname, Martín Ibáñez y de Prado and of his mother's first surname, Carmen Ibáñez de Ibero y González del Río. As his parent's surnames were so similar he was often referred as Ibáñez or Ibáñez de Ibero or as Marquis of Mulhacén. When he died in Nice (France), he was still enrolled in the Engineer Corps |
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{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 4, "sc": 1171, "ep": 8, "ec": 373} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 4 | 1,171 | 8 | 373 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | From the Map Commission to the Geographic and Statistical Institute in Spain | of the Spanish Army. As he died around midnight, the date of his death is ambiguous, Spaniards retained 28th, and continental Europeans 29 January. From the Map Commission to the Geographic and Statistical Institute in Spain Spain adopted the metric system in 1849. The Government was urged by the Royal Academy of Science to approve the creation of a large-scale map of Spain in 1852. The following year Ibáñez was appointed to undertake this task. All the scientific and technical material had to be created. Ibáñez and Saavedra went to Paris to supervise the production by Brunner of a measuring |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 8, "sc": 373, "ep": 8, "ec": 1045} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 8 | 373 | 8 | 1,045 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | From the Map Commission to the Geographic and Statistical Institute in Spain | instrument calibrated against the metre which they had devised and which they later compared with Borda's double-toise N°1 which was the main reference for measuring all geodetic bases in France and whose length was 3.8980732 metres.
In 1858 Spain's central geodetic base of triangulation was measured in Madridejos (Toledo) with exceptional precision for the time thanks to this instrument, which became known as the Spanish Standard (French: Règle espagnole). Ibáñez and his colleagues wrote a monograph which was translated into French by Aimé Laussedat. The experiment, in which the results of two methods were compared, ended a controversy between French and |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 8, "sc": 1045, "ep": 8, "ec": 1709} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 8 | 1,045 | 8 | 1,709 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | From the Map Commission to the Geographic and Statistical Institute in Spain | German geodesists about the length of geodesic triangulation bases, and empirically validated the method of General Johann Jacob Bayer, founder of the International Association of Geodesy.
The Spanish Standard was replicated in order to be used in Egypt, France and Germany. These Standards were used for some of the most important European surveys. In 1863, Ibáñez and Ismael Effendy compared the Spanish Standard with the Egyptian Standard in Madrid.
From 1865 to 1868 Ibáñez added the survey of the Balearic Islands with that of the Iberian Peninsula. For this work, he devised a new instrument, which allowed much faster measurements. In 1869, |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 8, "sc": 1709, "ep": 12, "ec": 3} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 8 | 1,709 | 12 | 3 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | From the Map Commission to the Geographic and Statistical Institute in Spain & Measurement of the Paris meridian over the Mediterranean Sea | Ibáñez brought it along to Southampton where Alexander Ross Clarke was making the necessary measurements to compare the Standards of length used in the World. Finally, this second version of the appliance, called the Ibáñez apparatus, was used in Switzerland to measure the geodetic bases of Aarberg, Weinfelden and Bellinzona.
In 1870 Ibáñez founded the Spanish National Geographic Institute which he then directed until 1889. At the time it was the world's biggest geographic institute. It encompassed geodesy, general topography, leveling, cartography, statistics and the general service of weights and measures. Measurement of the Paris meridian over the Mediterranean Sea In |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 12, "sc": 2, "ep": 14, "ec": 24} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 12 | 2 | 14 | 24 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | Measurement of the Paris meridian over the Mediterranean Sea & International scientific collaboration in geodesy and calls for an international standard unit of length | 1865 the triangulation of Spain was connected with that of Portugal and France. In 1866 at the conference of the Association of Geodesy in Neuchâtel, Ibáñez announced that Spain would collaborate in measuring the Paris meridian. In 1879 Ibáñez and François Perrier (representing France) completed the junction between the geodetic network of Spain and Algeria and thus completed the measurement of the Paris meridian which extended from Shetland to the Sahara. This connection was a remarkable enterprise where triangles with a maximum length of 270 km were observed from mountain stations (Mulhacén, Tetica, Filahoussen, M'Sabiha) over the Mediterranean Sea. International scientific |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 14, "sc": 24, "ep": 16, "ec": 542} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 14 | 24 | 16 | 542 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | International scientific collaboration in geodesy and calls for an international standard unit of length | collaboration in geodesy and calls for an international standard unit of length In 1867 at the second general conference of the International Association of Geodesy held in Berlin, the question of an international standard unit of length was discussed in order to combine the measurements made in different countries to determine the size and shape of the Earth. The conference recommended the adoption of the metre and the creation of an international metre commission, according to the proposal of Johann Jacob Baeyer, Adolphe Hirsch and Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero. The French Academy of Sciences and the Bureau des |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 16, "sc": 542, "ep": 16, "ec": 1199} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 16 | 542 | 16 | 1,199 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | International scientific collaboration in geodesy and calls for an international standard unit of length | Longitudes in Paris drew the attention of the French government to this issue. The Academy of St Petersburg and the English Standards Commission were in agreement with the recommendation.
In November 1869 the French government issued invitations to join this commission. Spain accepted and Ibáñez took part in the Committee of preparatory research from the first meeting of the International Metre Commission in 1870. He became president of the permanent Committee of the International Metre Commission in 1872. He represented Spain at the 1875 conference of the Metre Convention and at the first General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1889. |
{"datasets_id": 161707, "wiki_id": "Q438968", "sp": 16, "sc": 1199, "ep": 16, "ec": 1496} | 161,707 | Q438968 | 16 | 1,199 | 16 | 1,496 | Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero | International scientific collaboration in geodesy and calls for an international standard unit of length | He was the first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures from 1875 to 1891. He received the Légion d'Honneur in recognition of his efforts to disseminate the metric system among all nations and was awarded the Poncelet Prize for his scientific contribution to metrology. |
{"datasets_id": 161708, "wiki_id": "Q2942048", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 591} | 161,708 | Q2942048 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 591 | Catherine Pozzi | Early life | Catherine Pozzi Early life Catherine Pozzi was born in an aristocratic and bourgeois environment at the end of the 19th century, to Samuel Pozzi, surgeon and gynecologist, and Thérèse Loth-Cazalis. Her well-educated family was friends with artists and writers, including José-Maria de Heredia and Paul Bourget. From a young age she was interested in music, and at age 11 started keeping a journal. She studied for a year in Oxford.
At the age of 19, she read the published diary of Marie Bashkirtseff, and it had a profound effect upon her, spurring her to write intensely in her own journal.
She began |
{"datasets_id": 161708, "wiki_id": "Q2942048", "sp": 6, "sc": 591, "ep": 10, "ec": 360} | 161,708 | Q2942048 | 6 | 591 | 10 | 360 | Catherine Pozzi | Early life & Career | studying history, philosophy, religion, math, and sciences as the student of Marie Jaëll. In 1918, at the age of 37, she passed her baccalaureate. In that year, her father was murdered by one of his former patients who was suffering from a paranoid delusion. Career Catherine Pozzi was particularly known for six withering poems, published in 1935 (Mesures), and which she considered her literary testament: "Ave", "Vale", "Scopolamine", "Nova", "Maya" and "Nyx". This last (Nyx means "night" in Greek) was composed on 5 November 1934, shortly before her death. She also left an anonymous autobiography: Agnès (NRF, 1927), and |
{"datasets_id": 161708, "wiki_id": "Q2942048", "sp": 10, "sc": 360, "ep": 10, "ec": 1029} | 161,708 | Q2942048 | 10 | 360 | 10 | 1,029 | Catherine Pozzi | Career | an unfinished philosophical essay: Peau d’Ame. Some scientific articles of hers appeared in Le Figaro.
More recently, the publication of her Journal (1913–1934) and Journal de jeunesse (1893–1906) renewed interest in her. Her published correspondence with Paul Valéry – that letters survived the desire expressed in Pozzi's will that they be destroyed – represents only a small portion of their exchanged letters.
Some of Pozzi's poems evoke those of Louise Labé, but their effect and tension seem to have little in common with the work of the 16th century.
Friends of hers included Rainer Maria Rilke, Anna de Noailles, Jean Paulhan (editor of |
{"datasets_id": 161708, "wiki_id": "Q2942048", "sp": 10, "sc": 1029, "ep": 14, "ec": 563} | 161,708 | Q2942048 | 10 | 1,029 | 14 | 563 | Catherine Pozzi | Career & Personal life | La Nouvelle Revue française), Colette, Henri de Régnier, Pierre Jean Jouve. Personal life At age 25, she married the popular dramatist Édouard Bourdet. In 1909 their son Claude (later a member of the French Resistance) was born, who married the Russian tennis player Ida Adamoff.
Around 1910, she began to exhibit symptoms of tuberculosis, from which she suffered until her death.
She began in 1920 a tumultuous relationship with Paul Valéry, which lasted eight years and gave rise to important correspondence. The rift between them distanced her from the Paris salons and caused her to have a terrible feeling of isolation.
She |
{"datasets_id": 161708, "wiki_id": "Q2942048", "sp": 14, "sc": 563, "ep": 14, "ec": 667} | 161,708 | Q2942048 | 14 | 563 | 14 | 667 | Catherine Pozzi | Personal life | died in Paris on 3 December 1934, after illness with tuberculosis as well as morphine and laudanum use. |
{"datasets_id": 161709, "wiki_id": "Q19263559", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 199} | 161,709 | Q19263559 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 199 | Cats Dancing on Jupiter | Plot | Cats Dancing on Jupiter Plot Two young women seem to be living it up in Hollywood with a life of partying and casual sex. But they were both abducted as children, and now want to take revenge on every man who crosses their path. |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 581} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 581 | Charles Andrew Williams | Early years | Charles Andrew Williams Early years Williams is known by his family as "Andrew" or "Andy" for short and was born in Frederick, Maryland on February 8, 1986, the firstborn child of Jeff and Linda Williams. Andy has one half-brother, Michael. In the summer of 2000, Jeff and Linda separated. Jeff and Andy moved to California in the fall. Williams attended Santana High School in Santee, California, where he was bullied by fellow students. He began to spend time with a crowd of skateboarders. Williams was accepted within this peer group; however, at times these individuals also bullied him.
Weeks before the |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 6, "sc": 581, "ep": 6, "ec": 1201} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 6 | 581 | 6 | 1,201 | Charles Andrew Williams | Early years | shooting, Williams attempted to speak with a school counselor, but was instructed to return to class because the office was full at the time. As the semester unfolded and the abuse continued, friends came to believe that Williams had just reached a tipping point and mentioned he "didn't want to live anymore," which resulted in more name-calling and threats of bullying. By early 2001, Williams seemed to believe that his problems would not resolve themselves. The Friday before the shooting, Williams and classmates reported that his drama teacher humiliated him in front of the class during an acting exercise, which |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 6, "sc": 1201, "ep": 6, "ec": 1769} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 6 | 1,201 | 6 | 1,769 | Charles Andrew Williams | Early years | he perceived as an abusive setup. Williams spoke on two occasions of his plan to "pull a Columbine" at Santana High School, but no reports were ever made of these threats to the school. He also made plans to get on top of the school's roof so that he could hit people more easily. The friends he informed were asked to leave the school. The first occasion was a week before the shooting, the second during the weekend prior to March 5.
He took his father's Arminius .22 caliber long-rifle double action revolver from the locked gun cabinet in their apartment. |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 6, "sc": 1769, "ep": 10, "ec": 409} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 6 | 1,769 | 10 | 409 | Charles Andrew Williams | Early years & Reactions | After his arrest, he told investigators that he was "tired of being bullied." On the way to juvenile hall, Williams said that he did it because he was dared to by his friends. Reactions In Washington, the President of the United States George W. Bush, offered his condolences "to the teachers and the children whose lives have been turned upside-down right now." Bush called the shooting "a disgraceful act of cowardice," adding, "When America teaches our children right from wrong and teaches values that respect life in our country, we'll be better off." But, he said, "First things are first. |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 10, "sc": 409, "ep": 10, "ec": 995} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 10 | 409 | 10 | 995 | Charles Andrew Williams | Reactions | And our prayers go out to the families that lost a child today."
California Governor Gray Davis also said he was "shocked and deeply saddened" by the shooting. Davis' wife Sharon is a Santana High School graduate.
The nu metal band Linkin Park, of whom Williams was a fan, were seen as an influence to Williams in shooting. They released a statement saying "Like everyone else, we are extremely saddened by these events and our hearts go out to the families and friends to the victims." Williams had written a note to his father prior to the shooting: "I tried so hard, |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 10, "sc": 995, "ep": 14, "ec": 237} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 10 | 995 | 14 | 237 | Charles Andrew Williams | Reactions & Imprisonment | and got so far, but in the end it doesn't really matter." The line was an excerpt from the band's song "In the End".
Ever since the incident, Santana High has hired police to come and watch over the school. The school also holds an event for the students on the anniversary of the shooting. Imprisonment On June 20, 2002, Williams pleaded guilty to all charges against him in an effort to avoid trial. On August 15, 2002, a California judge sentenced Williams, as an adult, to 50 years to life in prison, and ordered him to serve his time in |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 14, "sc": 237, "ep": 14, "ec": 861} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 14 | 237 | 14 | 861 | Charles Andrew Williams | Imprisonment | the Youth Offender Program at CCI, Tehachapi (since closed) until his 18th birthday, at which time he would be transferred to an adult prison. Williams was given credit for the 529 days that he had served in juvenile hall, fined $10,000 and ordered to pay restitution to the Victims Restitution Fund. At his sentencing, Williams apologized and expressed remorse for his actions. On March 1, 2004, he was transferred to an adult prison.
In an interview with "NOVA: Mind of a Rampage Killer," Williams admitted to being suicidal for several months before the shooting. He described his 15-year-old life as tumultuous, |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 14, "sc": 861, "ep": 14, "ec": 1455} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 14 | 861 | 14 | 1,455 | Charles Andrew Williams | Imprisonment | recounting the pain of his parent's recent divorce, his jolting move across the country from Maryland to California, and death of a friend. His description of his mental state was "numb," adding that he didn't realize people would die, but he wanted to "Make a lot of noise and then the cops would show up." He admitted that his real plan was to commit suicide by cop, however he "changed his mind at the last minute, dropped his revolver and surrendered."
Currently, there are grass-root efforts to have Williams' sentence reduced. His supporters argue that the judge was too harsh in |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 14, "sc": 1455, "ep": 14, "ec": 2042} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 14 | 1,455 | 14 | 2,042 | Charles Andrew Williams | Imprisonment | sentencing Williams as an adult and did not take into consideration Williams' age at the time of his offense. They would like to see Williams get a retrial, but as a juvenile, which would have meant confinement by the California Youth Authority until age 25. The California State Attorney General's office handled a total of six appeals filed by Williams supporters, four to the Court of Appeals and two to the California State Supreme Court. The district court denied his petition in September 2010 and the case is now on appeal to the 9th Circuit, according to the California Attorney |
{"datasets_id": 161710, "wiki_id": "Q4470108", "sp": 14, "sc": 2042, "ep": 14, "ec": 2224} | 161,710 | Q4470108 | 14 | 2,042 | 14 | 2,224 | Charles Andrew Williams | Imprisonment | General's Office.
Williams is currently incarcerated at Valley State Prison in Chowchilla, California. He will be eligible for parole in March 2025, when he is 39 years old. |
{"datasets_id": 161711, "wiki_id": "Q5095373", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 650} | 161,711 | Q5095373 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 650 | Chic Cicero | Chic Cicero Charles "Chic" Cicero (born 1936) is well-known author in the esoteric community. He was born in Buffalo, New York. He has been a practicing ceremonial magician for the past forty years.
Cicero's interest in Freemasonry and the Western mystery tradition resulted in research articles on Rosicrucianism and the Knights Templar, printed in such publications as Ars Quatuor Coronatorum and the 1996–2000 Transactions of the Metropolitan College of the SRIA. Cicero is a member of several Masonic, Martinist, and Rosicrucian organizations. Cicero is an extremely active member of his local York Rite and Grand York Rite Masonic Bodies, serving as |
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{"datasets_id": 161711, "wiki_id": "Q5095373", "sp": 4, "sc": 650, "ep": 8, "ec": 504} | 161,711 | Q5095373 | 4 | 650 | 8 | 504 | Chic Cicero | Israel Regardie and the Golden Dawn | both a Local and Grand Line Officer Israel Regardie and the Golden Dawn According to published accounts, Cicero was also a close personal friend and confidant of the late Dr. Israel Regardie. Having established a temple in the tradition of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn in 1977, Cicero was one of the key people who helped Regardie resurrect a legitimate, initiatory branch of the Order (also known as H.O.G.D.) in the United States in the early 1980s. A series of letters that Regardie wrote to Chic Cicero and the Isis-Urania temple can be found online. Chic is also |
{"datasets_id": 161711, "wiki_id": "Q5095373", "sp": 8, "sc": 504, "ep": 8, "ec": 1124} | 161,711 | Q5095373 | 8 | 504 | 8 | 1,124 | Chic Cicero | Israel Regardie and the Golden Dawn | the president of The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Inc.
Together, Cicero and his wife Sandra Tabatha Cicero are two of the G.H. Chiefs of the modern day Order. They have written several books on the Golden Dawn, Tarot, Kabbalah, and the Western mystery tradition including the Essential Golden Dawn, which won a COVR award in 2004 for being one of the year's best titles in the field of magic.
The Ciceros have also edited, annotated and added new material to recent editions of Israel Regardie's classic texts: The Middle Pillar, A Garden of Pomegranates, and The Tree of Life.
The Ciceros |
{"datasets_id": 161711, "wiki_id": "Q5095373", "sp": 8, "sc": 1124, "ep": 8, "ec": 1196} | 161,711 | Q5095373 | 8 | 1,124 | 8 | 1,196 | Chic Cicero | Israel Regardie and the Golden Dawn | have given interviews on a local TV station in Albuquerque, New Mexico. |
{"datasets_id": 161712, "wiki_id": "Q44274763", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 511} | 161,712 | Q44274763 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 511 | Chicago Med (season 3) | Casting | Chicago Med (season 3) Casting After making her debut in the season 2 finale as Dr. Ava Bekker, Norma Kuhling returned in a main role for season 3. Michel Gill appeared in multiple episodes as Bob Haywood, Dr. Reese's (Rachel DiPillo) estranged father, who is admitted to the hospital as a patient. On November 22, it was announced that Arden Cho would be joining the cast in a recurring role as Emily Choi, Ethan's (Brian Tee) adopted sister. Malcolm McDowell guest-star as Dr. Jaffrey, a distinguished heart surgeon and Dr. Bekker's mentor. |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 567} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 567 | Child Workers in Nepal | Background | Child Workers in Nepal Background During the 1950s, the eradication of malaria in Nepal's Terai region led migrants from other parts of the country to move in and occupy land traditionally owned by the Tharu ethnic community. The Tharu community was not wealthy enough to protect their land. Since there was no tangible proof that they owned the land, they were displaced and used as laborers.
It was also during this time when the Kamlari system was put into place. Kamlari is defined as a contracted system in which young girls from poor families are sold into domestic slavery. The practice |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 6, "sc": 567, "ep": 6, "ec": 1170} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 6 | 567 | 6 | 1,170 | Child Workers in Nepal | Background | of Kamlari was applied with the families being used as farmers, having them do agricultural work, then evolved to mainly the women and children used for slavery. This system existed for many years in Nepal's history.
Brokers would travel to western Nepal to purchase daughters from their families to work in the Kamlari industry. These brokers usually had an agreement with the families. The deal was typical to provide the daughter with work and her wages would be sent to the family. There was an additional benefit for these poor families, as the bargain relieved them of one more child they |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 6, "sc": 1170, "ep": 10, "ec": 253} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 6 | 1,170 | 10 | 253 | Child Workers in Nepal | Background & Role of United Nations | would have to feed and provide for. Another part to the agreement was that the children were to be given an education, but this occasionally did not occur. Kamlari was often hidden from the public eye; even though it was conducted in daylight, people in the community were generally unaware of what was truly going on. Role of United Nations The United Nations General Assembly fostered the Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959. The declaration demanded that every child had the right to education, shelter, good nutrition, health care, and protection. They came to the conclusion that |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 10, "sc": 253, "ep": 10, "ec": 855} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 10 | 253 | 10 | 855 | Child Workers in Nepal | Role of United Nations | after World War II there was a need to protect and advocate for children around the world. The war left children in danger. UNICEF (United Nations International Child Emergency Fund) was adopted to the UN in 1953 and began a campaign to help children suffering from yaws. Yaws is an easily curable disease, but unfortunately some places around the world do not have access to penicillin which is the cure. UNICEF worked to provide children around the world with this vaccination.
In 1989, the UN adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This international treaty was the most adapted |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 10, "sc": 855, "ep": 14, "ec": 456} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 10 | 855 | 14 | 456 | Child Workers in Nepal | Role of United Nations & Foundation of CWIN | human rights treaty in history. The Convention on the Rights of the Child changed the way children and children's rights were viewed in the public eye. Foundation of CWIN CWIN originated when a group of Tribhuvan University students saw the need for advocacy for the children in Nepal. They were more specifically focused on the children's living and working conditions. Similarly to UNICEF, CWIN's mission is to protect children around the world from things that are out of their control, whether it be Kamlari practices or the spread of diseases.
The students founded CWIN on 1 January 1987. The founder-president was |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 14, "sc": 456, "ep": 18, "ec": 493} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 14 | 456 | 18 | 493 | Child Workers in Nepal | Foundation of CWIN & Kathmandu | Gauri Pradhan. Since then, CWIN has grown from a small local group in Kathmandu to an organization that is recognized internationally. Kathmandu CWIN's initial research was a study of the conditions of street children in Kathmandu. This was the first of numerous academic research projects which CWIN has undertaken into various aspects of children's rights.
In 1989, CWIN began to provide practical support for street children in Kathmandu, by opening a "common room" where they could rest and get medical help, and finding school placings for some of them. In 1995, it established a center for street children and other children |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 18, "sc": 493, "ep": 22, "ec": 48} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 18 | 493 | 22 | 48 | Child Workers in Nepal | Kathmandu & Accomplishments | at risk in Pokhara. In 1994, CWIN opened Balika Home, a residential crisis-intervention center that provides support for female victims of labor exploitation, sexual abuse, trafficking, domestic violence, torture, and armed conflict. In 1999, it opened a support center at the main Kathmandu bus station for children migrating to the city.
CWIN also opened free telephone helplines for children in Kathmandu, Hetauda, Nepalgunj, Pokhara, and Biratnagar, to provide counseling and aid to suffering children. They also opened a hostel for school-aged children who have no roof over their head, or simply no parental support. Accomplishments 1987:
The first important work that CWIN |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 48, "ep": 22, "ec": 731} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 48 | 22 | 731 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | did was to translate the draft of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child into Nepali. The translation of the document allowed the Nepali people to educate themselves regarding children's rights. During this time, CWIN also published a magazine called Voice of Child Workers, the first ever child advocacy magazine in Nepal.
1988:
CWIN organised the first South Asian Seminar-Workshop on Working Children. This provided an opportunity to discuss issues like child servitude and other urgent, child-related issues at the regional level. The workshop was beneficial in expanding the reach of CWIN. The organization also began a non-formal education program, providing |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 731, "ep": 22, "ec": 1410} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 731 | 22 | 1,410 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | learning opportunities for street children. CWIN registered at the Cottage Industry Board as a non-profit organisation.
1989:
CWIN's informal education program was developed into the Street Children Support and Socialization Program. The "Common Room" was created out of demand for a space for children living in Kathmandu who needed a safe spot for medical support, rest, or simply a safe place to be. In addition, CWIN found schools for some of these children to be placed in.
1990:
CWIN's leaders were arrested when taking part in the People's Movement in 1990 and were later exiled. Despite this, they continued their research which was later |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 1410, "ep": 22, "ec": 2093} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 1,410 | 22 | 2,093 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | published as: "Child Workers in the Stone Quarries" and "Lost Childhood: survey study on the street children of Kathmandu".
1991:
This was a busy year for CWIN. It began a national election campaign for child rights. The campaign did not favor any political party; instead representing a broad commitment to better the rights of children. With this campaign, CWIN made 20 recommendations regarding children's issues for the discussion of a new constitution in Nepal. CWIN was officially registered under the Social Service National Coordination Council as a child's rights and advocacy organisation. CWIN continued their research with two projects: "Child Workers in |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 2093, "ep": 22, "ec": 2816} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 2,093 | 22 | 2,816 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | Tea Estates of Nepal" and "Trafficking in Girls in Nepal; Realities and Challenges".
1992:
Through CWIN's efforts, Nepali government ratified an act prohibiting child labor with the goal of completely eliminating child labor in Nepal. CWIN published three more published research papers: "Misery Behind the Looms: child labor in carpet factories in Nepal", "A Survey Study on Child Workers in Brick Kilns of Kathmandu", and "Voices form Tea Shops".
1993:
CWIN organised a major study course of children at risk, such as street children, those working in different sectors (especially the carpet industry), young victims of trafficking prostitution, and children in debt bondage.It organized |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 2816, "ep": 22, "ec": 3590} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 2,816 | 22 | 3,590 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | three other groups to promote advocacy of children's rights: Volunteer Community Initiative, Children at Risk Networking Group, and Women Defend Pressure Group.
The organisation published two research documents: "Bonded Child Labor: Slavery exists in the Kamalya System and Child Workers in Listi, Sindhupalchowk" and "Trafficking in Young Women, Mahankal Village, Sindhupalchowk; a brief study on Untouchable Sarki Children in Naikap Bhanjyang".
1994:
CWIN opened the CWIN children's home, a transit center for children at risk: CWIN Balika. This program helped young girls reintegrate themselves back into the community. CWIN provided them a temporary housing and other services.
1995:
Assisting young women coming out of laboring, |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 3590, "ep": 22, "ec": 4262} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 3,590 | 22 | 4,262 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | CWIN established the Self-Reliance Center. The center offered job skill training and placement support. CWIN submitted a document regarding the elimination of child labor to Prime Minister Man Mohan Adhikari. The Prime Minister then submitted a report regarding a possible solution to the issue of child labor. CWIN also conducted three other case studies: "Children at Risk in Pokhara", "Situation and problems of Tempo Conductor Boys in Kathmandu", and "Child Marriage in Nepal".
1996:
CWIN acted together with the government and other organizations to rescue 142 Nepali girls from brothels in Mumbai and return them to their families. Along with this, |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 4262, "ep": 22, "ec": 4990} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 4,262 | 22 | 4,990 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | CWIN worked to organize the South Asian March against Child Servitude to further advocate for children going through harsh realities.
1997:
CWIN advised and provided input to the first Child Labour Act in Nepal. They also researched "children working as conductors in temps (three wheeler public vehicle".
1998:
CWIN officially became the regional coordinator for South Asia of the Global March Against Child Labor, greatly expanding their influence. They created a helpline program, which provided services to children at risk such as an ambulance service, therapy, medical and legal advice, and emergency shelters for those trying to escape child labor.
CWIN created Sunrise Hostel for |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 4990, "ep": 22, "ec": 5620} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 4,990 | 22 | 5,620 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments | children who need shelter and parental care, and also created their website. To further their advocacy for children's well being, the CWIN Local Action Program was created to bringing education regarding the harms of drugs and alcohol use.
1999:
CWIN opened a contact centre in Kathmandu city, right outside the bus terminal, for children migrating into the city for laboring jobs based on their research, "Far Away from Home". They had identified a need for shelter for these children who were alone and were headed for laboring jobs in the city. Becoming aware of pedophilia and child sex tourism in Nepal, CWIN |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 22, "sc": 5620, "ep": 26, "ec": 236} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 22 | 5,620 | 26 | 236 | Child Workers in Nepal | Accomplishments & Civil war | cooperated with the police to take down a foreign officer who was sexually abusing children and hiding it under a child care home.
2000–Present:
Since 2000, CWIN has been recognized by UNICEF as a huge advocacy leader when it comes to caring about children's rights. Children have been brought home to their families and have escaped their abuse. Civil war During the civil war from 1996 to 2006, 328 children (232 boys and 93 girls) were killed, and 250 children (167 boys and 83 girls) were seriously injured. The civil society raised a strong voice against violence, but the series of child |
{"datasets_id": 161713, "wiki_id": "Q5097808", "sp": 26, "sc": 236, "ep": 26, "ec": 588} | 161,713 | Q5097808 | 26 | 236 | 26 | 588 | Child Workers in Nepal | Civil war | killings and violence against children didn't stop. CWIN, during this period, tried to make everyone aware, using the slogan "Children are Zones of Peace". CWIN ran training sessions and published advocacy material. They also provided training for peace workers in different parts of the country, to promote the "Children are Zones of Peace" campaign. |
{"datasets_id": 161714, "wiki_id": "Q5100064", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 333} | 161,714 | Q5100064 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 333 | China vs. World Challenge | China vs. World Challenge The China vs. World Challenge was an international table tennis competition organised by the Chinese Table Tennis Association (CTTA), the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) and Volkswagen.
Each "China vs. World Challenge" consist in a two-day team competition in Shanghai between a China and a World all-star teams. |
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{"datasets_id": 161715, "wiki_id": "Q582080", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 161} | 161,715 | Q582080 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 161 | Clarissa dos Santos | Early life and career & Player profile | Clarissa dos Santos Early life and career She began practicing sports at 13 on the Miécimo da Silva Sports Complex, and one day, as the basketball court was right along the athletics field where she practiced discus throw Santos was invited to play that sport. Eventually it became her priority. In 2005, she joined the young teams of the club, and one year later was already in the adult team of Fluminense. Player profile Clarissa excelled at rebounds, a statistic she topped in the Brazilian championship for two straight years. She was champion in 2012 with the Americana team. She |
{"datasets_id": 161715, "wiki_id": "Q582080", "sp": 10, "sc": 161, "ep": 14, "ec": 413} | 161,715 | Q582080 | 10 | 161 | 14 | 413 | Clarissa dos Santos | Player profile & National Team and international competition | is 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall. National Team and international competition For the Brazil women's national basketball team, Clarissa won a bronze medal at the 2011 Pan American Games, and was champion of the 2011 FIBA Americas Championship for Women which qualified Brazil for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In the women's event, Brazil fell at the group stage with only one win, but Santos lead the rebounds statistic. She was also part of the Brazilian team that played at the Rio Olympics. |
{"datasets_id": 161716, "wiki_id": "Q2571768", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 592} | 161,716 | Q2571768 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 592 | Cockfield, Suffolk | History | Cockfield, Suffolk History The present village has been inhabited for well over 2000 years. The finding of a sword (now in the Moyse Hall Museum in Bury St Edmunds) is evidence of Bronze Age settlement, and a number of findings indicate ancient defensive ditches, known as The Warbanks.
The village's present name is derived from "Cochan-feld" probably indicating a site established by a person named Cochan. The village appeared in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of "Cothefelda" and is listed as a prosperous manor whose wealth had grown since the Norman Conquest. During the Middle Ages, the village |
{"datasets_id": 161716, "wiki_id": "Q2571768", "sp": 6, "sc": 592, "ep": 10, "ec": 359} | 161,716 | Q2571768 | 6 | 592 | 10 | 359 | Cockfield, Suffolk | History & St Peter's Church | became "Cokefield" and finally "Cockfield".
Cockfield became a centre a Puritanism during the 17th century. During the 19th century the parish was one of the largest and wealthiest in Suffolk and the seat of a number of prestigious rectors. St Peter's Church A landmark visible for a distance across the neighbouring countryside, the church of St Peter's is one of the finest of Suffolk's many village churches, with the present building mostly dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. The church's size is unusual for such a rural location, but this becomes less surprising when one considers its location between the |
{"datasets_id": 161716, "wiki_id": "Q2571768", "sp": 10, "sc": 359, "ep": 10, "ec": 990} | 161,716 | Q2571768 | 10 | 359 | 10 | 990 | Cockfield, Suffolk | St Peter's Church | three great medieval merchant towns of Bury St Edmunds, Lavenham, and Sudbury.
There is no record of a church in the Domesday Book although a village of Cockfield's size would almost certainly have had one. The first surviving record of the parish's ecclesiastical history dates from 1190 when William de Cullum was installed as the first rector, although there is no existing record of the site prior to the building of the present church in the 14th century.
The church fell under the patronage of the Abbot of St Edmundsbury until the Reformation when the Spring family, wealthy Lavenham clothiers and noblemen, |
{"datasets_id": 161716, "wiki_id": "Q2571768", "sp": 10, "sc": 990, "ep": 10, "ec": 1632} | 161,716 | Q2571768 | 10 | 990 | 10 | 1,632 | Cockfield, Suffolk | St Peter's Church | took over, resulting in a close link with the region's strong wool trade. From 1708 the patronage fell to St John's College, Cambridge who appointed a number of distinguished Fellows of the College. Rectors of St Peter's have included John Knewstub the Presbyterian, William Ludlam the mathematician, and Churchill Babington the archaeologist and botanist.
The church's sizeable square flint tower dates from the 14th century and is buttressed almost to the top. The tower was nearly destroyed by a storm during the winter of 1774-5 and on August 2, 1775, after repairs were nearly completed, an apparent lightning strike resulted in |
{"datasets_id": 161716, "wiki_id": "Q2571768", "sp": 10, "sc": 1632, "ep": 14, "ec": 335} | 161,716 | Q2571768 | 10 | 1,632 | 14 | 335 | Cockfield, Suffolk | St Peter's Church & The village school | a fire that damaged it once again. The mathematician William Ludlam, rector from 1767, installed an astronomical observatory on the tower whose filled in windows can still be seen. The village school In the same road as the church is the village school, serving the village and surrounding communities. Children from the ages of four to nine attend the school. Find more information at the school website.
School website has changed to www.cockfieldprimaryschool.co.uk because the previous site manager has gone out of business |
{"datasets_id": 161717, "wiki_id": "Q18473388", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 135} | 161,717 | Q18473388 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 135 | Colá | As a genre music & As a dance & History | Colá As a genre music As a music genre, colá is characterized by having an andante tempo, a 6/8 or 3/4 measure and traditionally it is just melodic, i.e., it is just sung, it has no polyphonic accompaniment.
In its traditional form, it is structured like a chain of melopeias (songs or recitals).
Today, cola has been composed in another form by recent composers. As a dance As a dance, colá is traditionally celebrated in a street parade. History Little is known about the history of colá. This music genre is the most popular in the Barlavento Islands (which were later populated), |
{"datasets_id": 161717, "wiki_id": "Q18473388", "sp": 14, "sc": 135, "ep": 18, "ec": 425} | 161,717 | Q18473388 | 14 | 135 | 18 | 425 | Colá | History & As a cultural festival | one source stated that it was developed around the 17th century.
However, it is known with other affinities with more popular genres of Santiago Island, along with batuque and tabanka. As a cultural festival The music style is featured in religious music festivals in Cape Verde which occurs in the months of May of June. The objective would be having a good agriculture, celebrated before the rainy season.
According to Félix Monteiro, the word kolâ is of African origin (Mandinka) meaning "to acclaim, praise aloud, homage" According to the dates, colá music is best known for religious festivals, according to their parton |
{"datasets_id": 161717, "wiki_id": "Q18473388", "sp": 18, "sc": 425, "ep": 18, "ec": 950} | 161,717 | Q18473388 | 18 | 425 | 18 | 950 | Colá | As a cultural festival | saint of an area or the island. In Santo Antão "cola-se", the festival of Santa Cruz (Holy Cross) on 3 May in the areas of Coculi and Chã das Pedras, Saint Anthony (Santo António) on 13 June in Pombas, Saint John the Baptist (São João Batista) on June 24 in Porto Novo and Saint Peter the Apostle (São Pedro Apóstolo) on 29 June in Garça. On the island of São Vicente, the festival of Santa Cruz in Salamansa, Saint John the Baptist (São João Batista) in Ribeira de Julião and Saint Peter in São Pedro. In São Nicolau, it is |
{"datasets_id": 161717, "wiki_id": "Q18473388", "sp": 18, "sc": 950, "ep": 22, "ec": 178} | 161,717 | Q18473388 | 18 | 950 | 22 | 178 | Colá | As a cultural festival & Fogo tabanka | used during the festivals of Saint Peter (São Pedro) and São Pedrinho. On the island of Sal, it is used for the festivals of the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz) and Saint John (São João) in Espargos, the island of Boa Vista mainly in Fundo das Figueiras and all of the island of Brava (patron saint of the island), in which is known as kulinha or kolâ San Djan. Fogo tabanka Musically related with colá, this cultural music genre is known as colêxa (or kolexa) or Fogo tabanka (also as Fogo tabanca, Portuguese: Tabanka do Fogo, Tabanca do Fogo), on the |
{"datasets_id": 161717, "wiki_id": "Q18473388", "sp": 22, "sc": 178, "ep": 22, "ec": 430} | 161,717 | Q18473388 | 22 | 178 | 22 | 430 | Colá | Fogo tabanka | island with the same name.
This variant is used each year in a religious and municipal festival of Festa da Bandeira, which celebrates its saint, it is celebrated each year on 1 May in the city of São Filipe whose patron saint is Saint Philip. |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 667} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 667 | Concept inventory | Concept inventory A concept inventory is a criterion-referenced test designed to help determine whether a student has an accurate working knowledge of a specific set of concepts. Historically, concept inventories have been in the form of multiple-choice tests in order to aid interpretability and facilitate administration in large classes. Unlike a typical, teacher-authored multiple-choice test, questions and response choices on concept inventories are the subject of extensive research. The aims of the research include ascertaining (a) the range of what individuals think a particular question is asking and (b) the most common responses to the questions. Concept inventories are |
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{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 4, "sc": 667, "ep": 4, "ec": 1321} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 4 | 667 | 4 | 1,321 | Concept inventory | evaluated to ensure test reliability and validity. In its final form, each question includes one correct answer and several distractors.
Ideally, a score on a criterion-referenced test reflects the amount of content knowledge a student has mastered. Criterion-referenced tests differ from norm-referenced tests in that (in theory) the former is not used to compare an individual's score to the scores of the group. Ordinarily, the purpose of a criterion-referenced test is to ascertain whether a student mastered a predetermined amount of content knowledge; upon obtaining a test score that is at or above a cutoff score, the student can move on |
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{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 4, "sc": 1321, "ep": 4, "ec": 2063} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 4 | 1,321 | 4 | 2,063 | Concept inventory | to study a body of content knowledge that follows next in a learning sequence. In general, item difficulty values ranging between 30% and 70% are best able to provide information about student understanding.
The distractors are incorrect or irrelevant answers that are usually (but not always) based on students' commonly held misconceptions. Test developers often research student misconceptions by examining students' responses to open-ended essay questions and conducting "think-aloud" interviews with students. The distractors chosen by students help researchers understand student thinking and give instructors insights into students' prior knowledge (and, sometimes, firmly held beliefs). This foundation in research underlies |
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{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 4, "sc": 2063, "ep": 8, "ec": 474} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 4 | 2,063 | 8 | 474 | Concept inventory | Concept inventories in use | instrument construction and design, and plays a role in helping educators obtain clues about students' ideas, scientific misconceptions, and didaskalogenic ("teacher-induced" or "teaching-induced") confusions and conceptual lacunae that interfere with learning. Concept inventories in use Concept inventories are education-related diagnostic tests. In 1985 Halloun and Hestenes introduced a "multiple-choice mechanics diagnostic test" to examine students' concepts about motion. It evaluates student understanding of basic concepts in classical (macroscopic) mechanics. A little later, the Force Concept Inventory (FCI), another concept inventory, was developed. The FCI was designed to assess student understanding of the Newtonian concepts of force. Hestenes |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 8, "sc": 474, "ep": 8, "ec": 1099} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 8 | 474 | 8 | 1,099 | Concept inventory | Concept inventories in use | (1998) found that while "nearly 80% of the [students completing introductory college physics courses] could state Newton's Third Law at the beginning of the course. FCI data showed that less than 15% of them fully understood it at the end".These results have been replicated in a number of studies involving students at a range of institutions (see sources section below). That said, there remains questions as what exactly the FCI measures. Results from Hake (1998) using the FCI have led to greater recognition in the science education community of the importance of students' "interactive engagement" with the materials |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 8, "sc": 1099, "ep": 8, "ec": 1827} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 8 | 1,099 | 8 | 1,827 | Concept inventory | Concept inventories in use | to be mastered.
.
Since the development of the FCI, other physics instruments have been developed. These include the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation developed by Thornton and Sokoloff and the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment developed by Ding et al. For a discussion of how a number of concept inventories were developed see Beichner. Information about physics concept tests can be found at the NC State Physics Education Research Group website (see the external links below).
In addition to physics, concept inventories have been developed in statistics, chemistry, astronomy, basic biology, natural selection, genetics, engineering, geoscience. and computer science.
In many |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 8, "sc": 1827, "ep": 12, "ec": 73} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 8 | 1,827 | 12 | 73 | Concept inventory | Concept inventories in use & Caveats associated with concept inventory use | areas, foundational scientific concepts transcend disciplinary boundaries. An example of an inventory that assesses knowledge of such concepts is an instrument developed by Odom and Barrow (1995) to evaluate understanding of diffusion and osmosis. In addition, there are non-multiple choice conceptual instruments, such as the essay-based approach suggested by Wright et al. (1998) and the essay and oral exams used by Nehm and Schonfeld (2008). and Cooper et al to measure student understanding of Lewis structures in chemistry. Caveats associated with concept inventory use Some concept inventories are problematic. The concepts tested may not be |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 12, "sc": 73, "ep": 12, "ec": 747} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 12 | 73 | 12 | 747 | Concept inventory | Caveats associated with concept inventory use | fundamental or important in a particular discipline, the concepts involved may not be explicitly taught in a class or curriculum, or answering a question correctly may require only a superficial understanding of a topic. It is therefore possible to either over-estimate or under-estimate student content mastery. While concept inventories designed to identify trends in student thinking may not be useful in monitoring learning gains as a result of pedagogical interventions, disciplinary mastery may not be the variable measured by a particular instrument. Users should be careful to ensure that concept inventories are actually testing conceptual understanding, rather |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 12, "sc": 747, "ep": 12, "ec": 1410} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 12 | 747 | 12 | 1,410 | Concept inventory | Caveats associated with concept inventory use | than test-taking ability, language skills, or other abilities that can influence test performance.
The use of multiple-choice exams as concept inventories is not without controversy. The very structure of multiple-choice type concept inventories raises questions involving the extent to which complex, and often nuanced situations and ideas must be simplified or clarified to produce unambiguous responses. For example, a multiple-choice exam designed to assess knowledge of key concepts in natural selection does not meet a number of standards of quality control. One problem with the exam is that the two members of each of several pairs of parallel |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 12, "sc": 1410, "ep": 12, "ec": 2065} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 12 | 1,410 | 12 | 2,065 | Concept inventory | Caveats associated with concept inventory use | items, with each pair designed to measure exactly one key concept in natural selection, sometimes have very different levels of difficulty. Another problem is that the multiple-choice exam overestimates knowledge of natural selection as reflected in student performance on a diagnostic essay exam and a diagnostic oral exam, two instruments with reasonably good construct validity. Although scoring concept inventories in the form of essay or oral exams is labor-intensive, costly, and difficult to implement with large numbers of students, such exams can offer a more realistic appraisal of the actual levels of students' conceptual mastery as well as |
{"datasets_id": 161718, "wiki_id": "Q5158395", "sp": 12, "sc": 2065, "ep": 12, "ec": 2374} | 161,718 | Q5158395 | 12 | 2,065 | 12 | 2,374 | Concept inventory | Caveats associated with concept inventory use | their misconceptions. Recently, however, computer technology has been developed that can score essay responses on concept inventories in biology and other domains (Nehm, Ha, & Mayfield, 2011), promising to facilitate the scoring of concept inventories organized as (transcribed) oral exams as well as essays. |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 581} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 581 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Education in indigenous communities | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo Education in indigenous communities CONAFE's initiative is to work with small communities with no access to education and which are unable to meet a Ministry of Public Education (SEP) requirement regarding the minimum number of students to establish a federal or state school. The Ministry of Public Education requires a minimum of five students per academic level to justify the funding, construction, and operation of a school. Most indigenous communities have fewer than 100 inhabitants, and meeting SEP’s requirement has most of the time not been possible. For this reason, indigenous communities have been denied |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 6, "sc": 581, "ep": 10, "ec": 611} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 6 | 581 | 10 | 611 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Education in indigenous communities & Training of Community Instructors | access to education. Training of Community Instructors There are two different training processes that help instructors to develop abilities for their performance as teachers in the indigenous communities. The first one is the Initial Training. It is offered before the start of the school year, during a period of intensive daily training sessions that last over one month. The second one is the Permanent Training that takes place in monthly meetings where Community Instructors get together with other key actors involved in the educational program, such as Tutors, Educational Assistants, Academic or Regional Coordinators and other staff members. These meetings |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 10, "sc": 611, "ep": 10, "ec": 1302} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 10 | 611 | 10 | 1,302 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Training of Community Instructors | are held for people to exchange thoughts and feelings about their experience in the communities, the problems and obstacles they have faced, the strategies they have implemented to solve them, and the needs they have found and demand attention. Each actor has specific objectives to meet at these meetings according to their responsibilities.
The training covers three fields: Education, Linguistic Research and Workshop, and Technology. Instructors are trained to understand and apply the educational principles and methodology of MAEPI. They are also introduced to linguistic analysis and exercises that can help them create a practical alphabet of their own language. Instructors |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 10, "sc": 1302, "ep": 14, "ec": 438} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 10 | 1,302 | 14 | 438 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Training of Community Instructors & Participation in the Class | are also taught how to use technological devises such as computers, scanners, printers, digital cameras and sound recorders, software (Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Inspiration), and the Internet. Participation in the Class Adults and children may learn together in the same classroom, as well as students with different ages and at different school levels; students who only speak an indigenous language work together with bilingual students who speak Spanish and an indigenous language.
On one hand, students learn to listen and respect the person in charge of an activity, an exposition, a class presentation, or a project. This person will not always |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 14, "sc": 438, "ep": 14, "ec": 1104} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 14 | 438 | 14 | 1,104 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Participation in the Class | be the Community Instructor, since every person in the community or in the classroom can have that role.
On the other hand, students also learn to communicate what they know and what they have learned, they learn to lead a class presentation or discussion, to present a community campaign, to spread information.
Instructors can use several software to make follow-ups of the group’s and students’ participation. They can use email to communicate and coordinate tasks and activities with other instructors, coordinators, and other actors involved in MAEPI. Instructors and students may also create websites to publish their work, and to discover the |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 14, "sc": 1104, "ep": 18, "ec": 444} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 14 | 1,104 | 18 | 444 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Participation in the Class & Production of Didactic Material | work of other students in the different regions where MAEPI reaches out. Students design and produce posters, cards, flyers, for events, meetings and other activities in their communities. Production of Didactic Material There is a wide diversity of indigenous languages and variant dialects in Mexico and in the communities where MAEPI operates.
Given that the production and publishing of books in some of the most widely spoken indigenous languages would miss the educational purposes of MAEPI, namely to offer quality education in the first language of every group of students, MAEPI has encouraged Community Instructors and students to create their own |
{"datasets_id": 161719, "wiki_id": "Q17003947", "sp": 18, "sc": 444, "ep": 18, "ec": 528} | 161,719 | Q17003947 | 18 | 444 | 18 | 528 | Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo | Production of Didactic Material | didactic materials using their own language, their imagination and creative skills. |
{"datasets_id": 161720, "wiki_id": "Q3916410", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 110} | 161,720 | Q3916410 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 110 | Cornhill-on-Tweed | History & Transport & Education | Cornhill-on-Tweed History A mile north-west of the village, on a spur above the River Tweed are the earthwork remains of Cornhill Castle. Transport Cornhill-on-Tweed lies at a junction of the A697 and A698 roads - the latter linking to Berwick-upon-Tweed, the nearest significant town, some 13 miles (21 km) away. Education The Cornhill School was built in 1837 and closed in 2012. Pupils from the village now attended schools nearby. |
{"datasets_id": 161721, "wiki_id": "Q5191425", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 585} | 161,721 | Q5191425 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 585 | Crystalized Movements | History | Crystalized Movements History The band was formed by guitarist Wayne Rogers and drummer Ed Boyden in Tolland, Connecticut when they were high school freshmen. Rogers and Boyden were brought together by a love of late 1970s No Wave music and 1960s psychedelia. After years of improvisational experimentation, they decided to make an LP in 1983 and recorded duo versions of some of Wayne's songs. They then split up upon graduating high school. Rogers, a longtime fan of the Plastic Cloud and Randy Holden, spent a summer piling on mountains of guitar overdubs. The resulting 'basement prog' album Mind Disaster, with |
{"datasets_id": 161721, "wiki_id": "Q5191425", "sp": 6, "sc": 585, "ep": 6, "ec": 1233} | 161,721 | Q5191425 | 6 | 585 | 6 | 1,233 | Crystalized Movements | History | Scott McLeod on vocals, was released at the end of that year in an edition of 130 (on Rogers' own record label, Twisted Village). After being discovered by record collectors, the album was reissued on Psycho in the UK in 1984.
Rogers put a full band together in 1985 before recording the next album: Dog... Tree... Satellite Seers, a scathing rebuke to "faux-lysergic posers". Guitarist Kate Biggar joined in 1988 upon Arn's departure (to southern California where he formed Primordial Undermind), cementing the band's final lineup on the next album This Wideness Comes.
The 1992 album Revelations From Pandemonium, on which Rogers |
{"datasets_id": 161721, "wiki_id": "Q5191425", "sp": 6, "sc": 1233, "ep": 6, "ec": 1872} | 161,721 | Q5191425 | 6 | 1,233 | 6 | 1,872 | Crystalized Movements | History | and Biggar were joined by McLeod on bass and Teri Morris on drums, proved to be Crystalized Movements' finale. The album received a three-star review from The Chicago Tribune, with Peter Margasak describing the band as "at the brink of becoming unhinged and jumping into a great abyss of no-holds-barred psychedelia".
Following the demise of the band, the Rogers/Biggar duo, who had also recorded as Vermonster during their time in Crystalized Movements, have continued on in critically acclaimed groups such as B.O.R.B., Magic Hour (with Damon and Naomi of Galaxie 500) and the Major Stars, Rogers also releasing four solo albums |
{"datasets_id": 161721, "wiki_id": "Q5191425", "sp": 6, "sc": 1872, "ep": 6, "ec": 1940} | 161,721 | Q5191425 | 6 | 1,872 | 6 | 1,940 | Crystalized Movements | History | in the 1990s.
Rogers and Biggar married in the early 1990s. |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 641} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 641 | D'Anna Fortunato | Roles | D'Anna Fortunato Roles Fortunato has gone on to create major roles in local premiere performances of Handel's operas in such venues as Merkin Hall, Carnegie Hall, New York's Town Hall, Emmanuel Music, and Monadnock Music, while singing major roles in eight premiere Handel recordings on CD for Albany, Newport Classic, and Vox. Other major roles have been created with companies such as Glimmerglass (Beatrice in Berlioz' Beatrice and Benedict)ʌ, Kentucky Opera (artist-in-residence, Maddalena in Rigoletto, and Dido in Dido and Aeneas), Connecticut Grand Opera (Rosina in Il Barbiere di Siviglia), Opera San Jose (Sarah in Mollicone's Hotel Eden), Rochester Opera |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 6, "sc": 641, "ep": 10, "ec": 471} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 6 | 641 | 10 | 471 | D'Anna Fortunato | Roles & Solo performances | (Siébel in Faust and Dorabella in Così fan tutte), Florida Grand Opera (Dorabella), and the Boston Lyric Opera on many occasions, the most recent being Marcellina in Le Nozze di Figaro. Solo performances Ms. Fortunato has been a return soloist to the top ten American orchestras. Highlights of her lengthy orchestral engagement resume include Ravel's L'Enfant et les Sortilèges and Verdi's Falstaff with Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra; Handel's Messiah with the National Symphony Orchestra; Mozart's Requiem with Ottawa's National Arts Center Orchestra; Gluck's Orfeo with the Philadelphia Orchestra; Berlioz' Roméo et Juliette with the Minnesota Orchestra and |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 10, "sc": 471, "ep": 10, "ec": 1119} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 10 | 471 | 10 | 1,119 | D'Anna Fortunato | Solo performances | the San Francisco Symphony; Ah! perfido with the Pittsburgh Symphony; Honegger's Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher with the New York Philharmonic and Kurt Masur; Berio's Folk Songs with both the New Jersey Symphony and the Omaha Symphony; and Messiah with the New Japan Philharmonic and Osaka's Telemann Orchestra. Ms. Fortunato has also been associated with Roger Norrington and his series of Beethoven's 9th Symphony performed world-wide.
Much of D'Anna Fortunato's musical life has been devoted to the works of J.S. Bach. To this end, she has sung on numerous occasions with the Bethlehem, Winter Park, Carmel, Boulder, and Rome Bach Festivals; at |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 10, "sc": 1119, "ep": 14, "ec": 398} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 10 | 1,119 | 14 | 398 | D'Anna Fortunato | Solo performances & Festival appearances | the 92nd Street Y with John Gibbons; as a long-time soloist with Emmanuel Music (13 seasons); the Cantata Singers (10 seasons); and as a core member of the Bach Aria Group, touring, recording, and teaching summer seminars at S.U.N.Y. Stony Brook (15 years). Festival appearances Fortunato's list of festival appearances is lengthy, and includes Marlboro, Tanglewood, Casals, Blossom, Rockport, Newport, Vaison-la-Romaine Festival, and Berlin's Spectrum Festival. She has been a frequent visitor with such chamber organizations as the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, the Boston Chamber Music Society (which awarded her a Citation of Merit), the Northeast Harbor Chamber |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 14, "sc": 398, "ep": 18, "ec": 476} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 14 | 398 | 18 | 476 | D'Anna Fortunato | Festival appearances & Discography | Festival (Composer's String Quartet), and the Marblehead Chamber Music Festival where she sang with the Cambridge Chamber Players as a core member. Discography Recently released recordings on CD include Schönberg's Gurrelieder (historical live recording on GM Records) with Gunther Schuller and the NEC Orchestra, the complete Songs and Arias of Marilyn Ziffrin, and Handel's Deidamia (role of Achille) for Albany (one of 8 Handel premieres on CD), plus a New York Philharmonic CD of Honegger’s Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher (Heavenly Voice). Heading her list of 40 CD releases is a re-release on Sony of her Victorian Baseball: Hurrah for Our |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 18, "sc": 476, "ep": 22, "ec": 232} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 18 | 476 | 22 | 232 | D'Anna Fortunato | Discography & Other ventures | National Game, while her CD of Amy Beach Songs on Northeastern won Best of the Year from New York Magazine, the Boston Globe, and the New York Post. Her Dido and Aeneas, on Harmonia Mundi with the Boston Camerata, was hailed as the first choice by Graham Sheffield in Opera on Record. Other labels for which she has recorded include London/Decca, Koch, Bridge, Gasparo, Erato, and Margun. Other ventures D'Anna Fortunato has researched and performed extensively the little-known works of Amy Beach, Clara Schumann, Fanny Mendelssohn, Franz Liszt, and Charles Martin Loeffler. Composers John Harbison, Stephen Jaffee, Stephen Albert, and |
{"datasets_id": 161722, "wiki_id": "Q5203072", "sp": 22, "sc": 232, "ep": 22, "ec": 543} | 161,722 | Q5203072 | 22 | 232 | 22 | 543 | D'Anna Fortunato | Other ventures | John Heiss, among others, have chosen her to debut their compositions. Other academic involvements include many seasons of chamber music tours to colleges around the U.S.; lecture-recitals, especially on the subject of women composers; and teaching assignments at the well-known summer vocal program, Songfest. |
{"datasets_id": 161723, "wiki_id": "Q6577805", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 581} | 161,723 | Q6577805 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 581 | Daniel Interchange | Daniel Interchange Daniel Interchange is a key freeway interchange in the Central District of Israel, located west of its namesake, the village of Kfar Daniel and just south of Ben Shemen Interchange. The interchange takes the form of a 1.5 kilometer long road concurrency of Highway 1 and Highway 6 running north-south. It is possible to switch between Highways 1 and 6 only proceeding in the same general direction of north or south (toward Tel Aviv or Jerusalem respectively on Highway 1). Reversing direction is possible at the adjacent Ben Shemen Interchange to the northwest or via Route 431 to |
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{"datasets_id": 161723, "wiki_id": "Q6577805", "sp": 4, "sc": 581, "ep": 4, "ec": 596} | 161,723 | Q6577805 | 4 | 581 | 4 | 596 | Daniel Interchange | the southeast. |
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{"datasets_id": 161724, "wiki_id": "Q3015217", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 585} | 161,724 | Q3015217 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 585 | Danny Bois | Playing career | Danny Bois Playing career Bois was drafted in the 3rd round, 97th overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft by the Colorado Avalanche. He played junior hockey for the London Knights of the OHL. He served as the team's Captain for several years.
Unsigned from the Avalanche, Bois signed with the Ottawa Senators on April 30, 2004. Bois played with affiliate, the Binghamton Senators, for five seasons playing in just one game with Ottawa in the 2006–07 season.
On July 20, 2009, Bois signed with the Chicago Blackhawks to a one-year contract. He was then assigned to AHL affiliate, the Rockford IceHogs |
{"datasets_id": 161724, "wiki_id": "Q3015217", "sp": 6, "sc": 585, "ep": 6, "ec": 1186} | 161,724 | Q3015217 | 6 | 585 | 6 | 1,186 | Danny Bois | Playing career | for the duration of the 2009–10 season.
On July 23, 2010, Bois left North America and signed a one-year contract as a free agent with Austrian team EC Red Bull Salzburg of the EBEL. Upon extended his stay for a further season, Bois remained in the Austrian League for his third consecutive season after signing with Dornbirner EC on July 30, 2012.
After his third completed season in Austria, Bois opted to move to Germany and signed a one-year contract with EHC München of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga on May 10, 2013.
Bois enjoyed a brief stint in the Elite Ice Hockey League |
{"datasets_id": 161724, "wiki_id": "Q3015217", "sp": 6, "sc": 1186, "ep": 6, "ec": 1390} | 161,724 | Q3015217 | 6 | 1,186 | 6 | 1,390 | Danny Bois | Playing career | with the Sheffield Steelers before returning to the Austrian League, with the Vienna Capitals on January 27, 2015. He was later signed to a one-year extension to remain with the Capitals on May 15, 2015. |
{"datasets_id": 161725, "wiki_id": "Q5227370", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 665} | 161,725 | Q5227370 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 665 | Data warehouse appliance | Data warehouse appliance In computing, the term data warehouse appliance (DWA) was coined by Foster Hinshaw for a computer architecture for data warehouses (DW) specifically marketed for big data analysis and discovery that is simple to use (not a pre-configuration) and high performance for the workload. A DWA includes an integrated set of servers, storage, operating systems, and databases.
In marketing, the term evolved to include pre-installed and pre-optimized hardware and software as well as similar software-only systems promoted as easy to install on specific recommended hardware configurations or preconfigured as a complete system. These are marketing uses of the term |
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{"datasets_id": 161725, "wiki_id": "Q5227370", "sp": 4, "sc": 665, "ep": 8, "ec": 434} | 161,725 | Q5227370 | 4 | 665 | 8 | 434 | Data warehouse appliance | History | and do not reflect the technical definition.
A DWA is designed specifically for high performance big data analytics and is delivered as an easy-to-use packaged system.
DW appliances are marketed for data volumes in the terabyte to petabyte range. History "Data warehouse appliance" is a term coined by Foster Hinshaw, the founder of Netezza. In creating the first data warehouse appliance, Hinshaw and Netezza used the foundations developed by Model 204, Teradata, and others, to pioneer a new category to address consumer analytics efficiently by providing a modular, scalable, easy-to-manage database system that’s cost effective.
MPP database architectures have a long pedigree. |
{"datasets_id": 161725, "wiki_id": "Q5227370", "sp": 8, "sc": 434, "ep": 8, "ec": 1211} | 161,725 | Q5227370 | 8 | 434 | 8 | 1,211 | Data warehouse appliance | History |
Some consider Teradata's initial product as the first DW appliance — or Britton-Lee's.
Teradata acquired Britton Lee — renamed ShareBase — in June, 1990.
Others disagree, considering appliances as a "disruptive technology" for Teradata
Additional vendors, including Tandem Computers, and Sequent Computer Systems also offered MPP architectures in the 1980s. Open source and commodity computing components aided a re-emergence of MPP data warehouse appliances. Advances in technology reduced costs and improved performance in storage devices, multi-core CPUs and networking components. Open-source RDBMS products, such as Ingres and PostgreSQL, reduce software-license costs and allow DW-appliance vendors to focus on optimization rather than |
{"datasets_id": 161725, "wiki_id": "Q5227370", "sp": 8, "sc": 1211, "ep": 8, "ec": 1979} | 161,725 | Q5227370 | 8 | 1,211 | 8 | 1,979 | Data warehouse appliance | History | providing basic database functionality.
Open-source Linux became a common operating system for DW appliances.
Other DW appliance vendors use specialized hardware and advanced software, instead of MPP architectures.
Netezza announced a "data appliance" in 2003, and used specialized field-programmable gate array hardware.
Kickfire followed in 2008 with what they called a dataflow "sql chip".
In 2009 more DW appliances emerged. IBM integrated its InfoSphere warehouse (formerly DB2 Warehouse) with its own servers and storage to create the IBM InfoSphere Balanced Warehouse. Netezza introduced its TwinFin platform based on commodity IBM hardware. Other DW appliance vendors have also partnered with major hardware vendors. |
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