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announcements a timeline of significant cyber
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attacks likely attributable to APTs can be drawn as
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in Figure 1. In several cases a single operation is
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named to refer to a set of similar intrusions, or
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intrusion attempts, affecting numerous targets.
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1998-2000
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Moonlight Maze
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2006
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US Congressmen
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2007
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US Congressmen (contd.)
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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Los Alamos National Laboratory
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2008
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US Department of Defense
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Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
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2009
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GhostNet
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Stuxnet
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Night Dragon
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Operation Aurora
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2010
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Stuxnet (contd.)
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Australian Resource Sector
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French Government
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2011
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French Government (contd.)
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Canadian Government
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Australian Government
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Comodo Affiliated Root Authority
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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3 Communications
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Lockheed Martin
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Northrop Grumman
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International Monetary Fund
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ATTACKS
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March 1998
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2000
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Moonlight Maze
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Cyber attacks dubbed
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Moonlight Maze
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targeted
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computers at the Pentagon, NASA, the US Energy
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Department, research laboratories and private
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universities. The attackers successfully gained
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access to tens of thousands of files. (Arquila, 2003)
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(Central Intelligence Agency, 2007)
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August 2006
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2007
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US Congressmen
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The office computer networks of two congressmen
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were reportedly compromised. Information is
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believed to have been stolen about dissidents critical
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of the Beijing regime. (The Washington Times, 2008)
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29 October 2007
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory was successfully
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targeted using emails that were socially engineered
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to appear as though they were legitimate official
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communications. Computers were compromised, as
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was a database which contained information about
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visitors to the facility. The hackers are believed to
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have stolen data from the database. (Oak Ridge
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National Laboratory, 2007)
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9 November 2007
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Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Los Alamos National Laboratory advised all
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employees of a recent malicious hacking event that
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affected a small number of computers on the
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laboratory
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s unclassified
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Yellow
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network. A
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significant amount of unclassified data was stolen.
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The attack is believed to have been part of a broader,
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coordinated attack against US laboratories and other
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institutions. (Anastasio, 2007) (Snodgrass, 2007)
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(Goodin, 2007)
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Early 2008
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US Department of Defense
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The US Department of Defense suffered a significant
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compromise of both unclassified and classified
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military computer networks after a foreign
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intelligence agency placed malicious software on a
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USB flash drive. The device infected a US military
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laptop upon insertion. The malicious code then
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propagated through US networks infecting
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numerous computers. (Lynn III, 2010)
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FIGURE 1
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TIMELINE OF APT ATTACKS
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PAGE 3 OF 13
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COPYRIGHT
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COMMAND FIVE PTY LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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September 2008
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Office of His Holiness the Dalai
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Lama
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A legitimate email was intercepted in transit to the
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Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama (OHHDL) and
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the attachment replaced with a file containing
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malicious content. This attack appeared to be part of
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